Unit 3 Period 3 Learning About Language 语法精析课（教用Word）-【金榜题名】2025-2026学年高二英语选择性必修第三册高中同步学案（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦直接引语与间接引语转换这一核心语法点，通过“读句感悟”活动引导学生感知两种引语的区别，再系统梳理人称变化三原则、时态调整规则、指示代词与状语转换、连接词选择及祈使句间接引语转换方法，构建从感知到规则再到运用的学习支架。 该资料以极地熊研究、气候变化等真实语境例句为切入点，提升学生语言理解与表达能力，通过表格归纳时态、代词等变化规律培养逻辑思维品质，配套单词拼写、短语填空等练习助力学生课后自主巩固，既便于课中教师清晰授课，又能帮助学生查漏补缺，强化语法运用能力。

Period 3　Learning About Language　语法精析课 素养目标 1．Understand the basic definition of the direct speech and indirect speech. 2．Learn how to turn the direct speech into the indirect speech and master several changes，such as tenses，persons and word orders. 3．Obtain the ability to use the direct speech and indirect speech. Activity 1　读句感悟 阅读下列句子，认真感悟加黑部分，并完成方框下的小题。 (1)The expert said that from the position of its dead body，the bear appeared to have starved and died. (2)Experts claimed that low sea-ice levels caused by climate change meant the bear could not hunt seals as before... (3)The reporter asked，“How can we save polar bears from extinction？” (4)Climate scientists have warned that if we do not take appropriate actions，this warming trend will probably continue and there will be a higher price to pay. (5)“Let's work together to stop climate change，”the expert said. 英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引语，如句(3)和(5)；另一种是间接引语，如句(1)、(2)和(4)。 Activity 2　语法精析 英语中常用两种方式引用别人说的话。一种是直接引述别人的原话，把它放在引号内，叫直接引语；另一种是用自己的话转述别人说的话，叫间接引语。 She said，“I'm a dentist.” 她说：“我是一名牙医。”(直接引语) →She said that she was a dentist. 她说她是一名牙医。(间接引语) 如果把直接引语变为间接引语，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语等一般均要做相应的改变。其变动的一般规则如下： 一、人称变化的三原则 1．“第一人称随主”原则 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称或被第一人所修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称而变化。 Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own.” 玛丽说：“我想有一台我自己的电脑。”(直接引语中为第一人称) →Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own. 玛丽说她想拥有一台她自己的电脑。(间接引语中主语随主句主语改为第三人称) 2．“第二人称随宾”原则 如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。如果引号外的主句没有宾语，也可以用第一人称。 Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？” 她的同事对她说：“你向谁请了假？”(直接引语中为第二人称) →Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。(间接引语中主语随主句宾语改为第三人称) 3．“第三人称不更新”原则 指直接引语变间接引语时，如果直接引语中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，在间接引语中，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。 Mr Li said，“Jack is a good worker.” 李先生说：“杰克是一位好工人。”(直接引语的主语为第三人称) →Mr Li said Jack was a good worker. 李先生说杰克是一位好工人。(间接引语中人称不变) 二、时态的变化 直接引语变间接引语时，如果主句为过去时态，则间接引语的时态相应向前推一个时态。如下表所示： 直接引语 间接引语 句子 时态 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时 His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic.” 他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时) →His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic. 他的朋友告诉他他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时) The organizer said，“We have begun our plan.” 组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时) →The organizer said that they had begun their plan. 组织者说他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时) 注意：直接引语变间接引语，时态无变化的情况： 1．直接引语是客观真理、谚语或格言； 2．直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语。 My teacher said to us yesterday，“Early birds catch worms.” 昨天老师对我们说：“早起的鸟儿有虫吃。”(直接引语是谚语) →My teacher told us yesterday that early birds catch worms. 昨天老师告诉我们早起的鸟儿有虫吃。(间接引语时态不变) 三、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方向性动词的变化 　引语 用词　　 直接引语 间接引语 指示代词 this这个 that那个 these这些 those那些 时间状语 now现在 then那时 today今天 that day那天 this morning今天上午 that morning那天上午 tonight今天晚上 that night那天晚上 tomorrow明天 the next/following day第二天 yesterday昨天 the day before前一天 last night昨天晚上 the night before前一天晚上 the day before yesterday 前天 two days before两天前 three days ago三天前 three days before三天前 next week下一周 the next/following week 第二周 ago(至今)以前 before(那时)以前 地点状语 here这儿 there那儿 方向性动词 bring带来 take带走 come来 go去 She asked，“Is this book his？” 她问：“这本书是他的吗？”(直接引语中用this) →She asked whether that book was his. 她问那本书是不是他的。(间接引语中改为that) “I'll be very busy today，” said the man. 那个人说：“我今天会很忙。”(直接引语中用today) →The man said he would be very busy that day. 那个人说那天他会很忙。(间接引语中改为that day) 四、连接词的选择 1．直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中，that可以省略。 He said，“I was cooking when the earthquake happened.” →He said (that) he was cooking when the earthquake happened. 2．直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反意疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(...or ...或．..or not)或if引导。 He said，“Are you interested in English？” →He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. 注意：如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。 3．直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。 “What's your name？” he asked me. →He asked me what my name was. 注意：疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。 五、直接引语为祈使句时的变化 当直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时主句的谓语动词应根据直接引语的口气换用ask，invite，advise，warn，tell，order等词，而原直接引语中的谓语动词则变为不定式。 He said to me，“Don't be late tomorrow.” →He told me not to be late the next day. The official said，“Get ready before lunch.” →The official ordered us to get ready before lunch. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Without the reform (改革) of the economic management system our industry will rot. 2．We advocate peaceful development，harmonious (和谐的) development and scientific development. 3．If you do this, you'll almost always meet your annual (年度的)goal. 4．The river basin (流域) is home to this rare species of fish. 5．Vaccine development takes months and even years because the vaccines must undergo (经历) extensive testing. 6．As is known to all, a balanced diet and moderate (适度的)exercise every day are beneficial to health. Ⅱ.短语填空 bring about；be responsible for；link...to...；on behalf of；die out；rather than；in response to；in search of 1．The department is_responsible_for cleaning the streets and keeping the pavement in good repair. 2．I always prefer starting early, rather_than leaving everything to the last minute. 3．He always takes the lead in_response_to the government's call. 4．On_behalf_of everyone here, I wish you a pleasant journey when you go back to your country. 5．The new bridge will link the island to the mainland. 6．Elephants would die_out if men could shoot them as many as they wished. 7．The only way they can bring_about political change is to put pressure on the country. 8．Many people are forced to move from one city to another in_search_of better jobs or good opportunities for advancement. Ⅲ.单句语法填空 1．Only when each of us realizes the importance of protecting the environment can we have a harmonious (harmony) earth. 2．The virus that is spreading in that region can lead to deadly complications, such as pneumonia. 3．Normal-speed trains play a vital role in railway transport and also serve as an important choice for passengers, transporting over one-third of all railway passengers annually (annual)． 4．After a heated discussion, we decided to submit our plans to the council for approval. 5．The doctor advised me to_take (take) a complete rest so that I could make a complete recovery. 6．Robert is said to_have_studied (study) abroad, but I don't know which country he studied in. 7．The measure aims to_improve (improve) the communication between parents and children. 8．Terrible conditions often force us to_overcome (overcome) our weaknesses over and over again. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $