Unit 4 Space Exploration（复习讲义）英语人教版必修第三册

该高中英语Unit 4 Space Exploration复习讲义通过思维导图系统构建知识体系，整合单元核心单词、短语、句型及语法要点，按“基础词汇-语法应用-写作输出”递进逻辑组织，以例句解析、搭配列表呈现determine、launch等高频词用法，用句式分析图梳理“the+序数词+n.+to do”等核心句型，清晰展现重难点内在联系。 讲义亮点在于分层练习设计与核心素养融合，如语法填空聚焦不定式作定语/状语用法，七选五训练语篇逻辑（思维品质），写作提供“利弊分析+观点表达”模板（语言能力），助力学生构建议论文框架。基础题夯实词汇语法，阅读完形提升语用能力，适配不同层次学生自主复习，教师可依托知识框架实施精准教学，高效提升复习效果。

Unit 4 Space Exploration（复习讲义） 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，科学家们下定决心要实现这个梦想。（教材P40） 【用法】determine v. 决心，决定 determined adj. 决心的，意志坚定的 【常见搭配】 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 ►She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。 ►Your health is mainly determined by what you eat.你的健康主要是由你吃的东西来决定。 ►Mary is determined to study hard in order to pass the exam.玛丽决心努力学习，以便通过考试。 知识点2：On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。（教材P40） 【用法】launch v. ①发射；把(航天器、武器等)发射上天；水中发射 ②开始从事，发起③发动上市，发行 orbit vt.沿轨道运行；围绕……运动 n. （天体等运行的）轨道 ►The satellite was successfully launched into orbit earlier this month.这颗卫星于本月初成功发射进入轨道。 ►The government recently launched a national road safety campaign.政府最近发起了一场全国道路安全运动。 ►The new series launches in July.新系列将于7月推出。 ►The earth takes a year to orbit the sun.地球绕太阳一周要一年的时间。 知识点3：Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.后来，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。（教材P40） 【句式分析】the + 序数词+ n.+ to do ►He is the first student to finish the exam in our class.他是我们班第一个完成考试的学生。 ►This is the second house to be built in this new community.这是这个新小区里第二栋建好的房子。 ►She was the last person to leave the library last night.她是昨晚最后一个离开图书馆的人。 知识点4：However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，尽管这些灾难带来很多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。（教材P41） 【用法】while conj. 虽然，尽管 disappointment n. ①失望；沮丧；扫兴② 使人失望的人（或事物）；令人扫兴的人（或事物） desire n. 愿望，渴望v. 希望得到，想要 【归纳】disappoint vt. 使(某人)失望；使(希望、计划等)不能实现 disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人沮丧的 【固定搭配】desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire + that 从句 要求某人做某事 (谓语常用should +动词原形，should可省略) ►While never a big eater, he did snack a lot.他饭量从来都不大，但零食确实是吃得很多。 ►While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's. 尽管我能完全理解你的观点，但我在一定程度上也赞同麦克的观点。 ►The old man had a strong desire to go back to his home country before he died. 这个老人死前有强烈的愿望要回自己的祖国。 ►Dan really desires to get a scholarship from Oxford University. Dan真的很想得到牛津大学的奖学金。 知识点5：This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为哪怕面临巨大的危险, 人类还是坚信太空探索的重要性。（教材P41） 【句式分析】It / This / That is / was because… 它/这/那是因为…… 【常用搭配】carry on sth. / with sth. 继续做，坚持干 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 【拓展】继续干某事的表达：keep doing sth., continue doing sth., go on doing sth, keep on doing sth. … ►She is always unhappy. This is because she is rather demanding.她总是不快乐，这是因为她要求很高。 ►Mr Dean carried on his business until he retired.Dean先生一直干到退休。 ►You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.如果你继续那样开车，你会出事故的。 知识点6：In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，“梦天”太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。（教材P41） 【用法】signal v. ①标志  ②给信号，打手势 n. ①信号②手势; 标志; 预示 ►She signaled to the cars behind that they were going the wrong way. 她示意后面的车走错路了。 ►The bell signaled the end of a school period.  铃声预示着一个学期的结束。 ►The flashing light is a signal that a train is coming. 闪光灯是火车来的信号。 ►Did the policeman give us a signal to go ahead? 警察给我们手势让我们走了吗？ 单元语法：不定式作定语和状语 一、不定式作定语 1．不定式作定语的位置和关系 动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。 ►We must find a person to do the work.我们必须找一个人来做这项工作。 ►There are lots of interesting things to see. 这里有很多有趣的东西可以看。（动宾关系） ►They got the order to leave the city. 他们接到离开城市的命令。（同位关系） 2.不定式作定语用法 （1）有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。 ►After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.失业数月后，他所要求的只是谋生的机会。 ►A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一位好老师必须具备让人理解自己的能力。 （2被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。 ►She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company.她是第一个获得大公司offer的毕业生。 ►He is the only one to survive the accident. 他是唯一在事故中幸存的人。 （3）不定式加介词作定语 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 ►He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找一个住的地方。 ►There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。 【拓展】在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如 have / get / give / show sth. to do ►I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.我明天有很多事情要做。 ►Please give me something to drink.请给我点喝的。 ►He will show you the right path to take.他将为你指明正确的道路。 二、不定式作状语 不定式在句中用作状语，可以表示目的、结果或原因等。常见的结构有：in order to, enough to do, too...to...,adj.+to do sth. 1. 不定式作目的状语，可用in order to / so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。 ►To do good work, one must have the proper tools.要做好工作，必须要有合适的工具。 ►In order to master English, you must spend much effort on it.为了掌握英语，你必须在上面花费大量精力。 ►The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来接乘客。 2.不定式还常用在too ... to结构、enough to及only to等后面作状语，表示结果。 ►The box is too small to hold all these things．这个盒子太小了，装不下所有这些东西。 ►I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.我从家一直走到图书馆，结果发现它关门了。 ►He is old enough to go to school.他年纪足够大了，可以去上学了。 3.不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 ►They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten. 看到儿子在幼儿园得到很好的照顾，他们很高兴。 ►She is proud to have won the first place. 她为获得第一名感到自豪。 单元写作：关于太空探索利弊的议论文 本单元写作任务要求分析太空探索的利弊并谈谈自己的看法，属于议论文范畴。议论文主要通过摆事实或讲道理来表达作者的观点和主张。议论文写作时应注意做到以下几点：观点明确、论据充分、论证合理、逻辑严密。 本写作可分为三部分： 第一部分：太空探索好处； 第二部分：太空探索的弊端； 第二部分：你的看法。 ※写作模板 Space exploration has presented numerous benefits. To start with, ________________________(好处一). Additionally, _________________________(好处二).It is also worth noting that___________________(好处三). However, along with its benefits, space exploration also comes with drawbacks. One of the main concerns is ___________________________(弊端一). What's worse, ___________________(弊端二). Lastly, __________________(弊端三). In my opinion, the benefits of space exploration outweigh the drawbacks. It is important to ensure responsible and sustainable exploration for the benefit of the universe. ※太空探索的好处 1．To start with, the discoveries made by scientists have pushed the boundaries of human understanding. Breakthroughs have been made in scientific fields. 首先，科学家们取得的发现推动了人类理解的边界。科学领域取得了突破性进展。 2.  Additionally, space exploration has paved the way for technological advancements on Earth. 此外，太空探索为地球上的技术进步铺平了道路。 3. Thirdly, space exploration has also offered new economic opportunities such as space tourism.第三，太空探索还提供了新的经济机遇，例如太空旅游。 ※太空探索的弊端 1．However, along with its benefits, space exploration also comes with drawbacks. 然而，伴随着其益处，太空探索也带来了弊端。 2.One of the main concerns is the high cost involved, which is often competing with other pressing needs on Earth, such as ending hunger. 主要担忧之一是涉及的高昂成本，这常常与其他地球上的紧迫需求相竞争，例如消除饥饿。 3.What's worse, space exploration involves risks for astronauts, as the conditions in space pose a threat to human health.更糟糕的是，太空探索对宇航员存在风险，因为太空中的环境会对人类健康构成威胁。 ※对太空探索的个人看法 1．In my opinion, the benefits of space exploration outweigh the drawbacks. 在我看来，太空探索的益处大于其弊端。 2. It is important to ensure responsible and sustainable exploration for the benefit of the universe.确保负责任和可持续的探索以造福宇宙至关重要。 3. Therefore, we should carry on space exploration while addressing its drawbacks responsibly.因此，我们应该在负责任地解决其弊端的同时继续进行太空探索。 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.____________(analysis) were conducted on the important data. 2.I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities______________ my age. 3.I had a strong desire____________ ( reach) in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window. 4.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined _________( visit) all of them. 5.The job will provide me___________ a good chance to show my talent. 6.Don‘t waste your time____________ (try) to find out if the receiver has read it yet. 7.She gave me a____________ (determine) look — the kind that said she wouldn‘t change her mind. 8.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation ________the homeless families. 9.One by one, the applicants left the interviewer‘s office with __________(disappoint) looks on their faces. 10.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they_________________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. 二、单句语法填空 1. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 2. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. 3.I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term. 4. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 5. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. 6.___________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 7.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. 8.Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 9.This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 10.We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition. 三、阅读理解 Venus (金星) is the brightest planet in the sky. The orbit of Venus is inside the orbit of Earth. Venus is always relatively close to the Sun in the sky. When Venus is on one side of the Sun, it’s following the Sun in the sky and brightens into view shortly after the Sun sets. This is when Venus is seen as the Evening Star. When Venus is on the other side of the Sun, it leads the Sun. Venus will rise in the morning a few hours before the Sun. Then as the Sun rises, the sky brightens and Venus fades away in the daytime sky. This is when Venus is called the Morning Star. However, it’s interesting that ancient sky viewers took Venus for two separate sky objects: the Morning Star and the Evening Star. Venus appears white or yellowish-white when viewed through a telescope. The reason is that it’s covered with a thick carbon dioxide (CO₂) atmosphere and sulphuric acid (硫酸) clouds, which ______________direct observations. So the color of the Venusian surface is not exactly known. However, based on data collected by spacecraft missions, scientists believe that it likely takes on various shades of red, brown, and gray. Venus has an average surface temperature of about 462℃, which makes it one of the hottest places in the Solar System. Besides its short distance from the Sun, Venus’ extremely high temperature is primarily a result of its thick atmosphere, which is composed mainly of carbon dioxide. It creates the greenhouse effect, which traps solar radiation (射线). Unlike the Earth, where a day is made up of 24 hours, a Venusian day lasts about 243Earth days! Just imagine a day lasting for months and months, with the Sun rising and setting only once during that full period. While on the Earth we are used to a year 365 days, the duration of a Venusian year is about 225 Earth days. Surprisingly, this means that a Venusian year is actually shorter than a Venusian day! （1）What can we learn from Paragraph l? A.Venus can be seen only in the early morning. B.Venus is a bright planet with two other names. C.The Evening Star starts to appear before the sun goes down. D.The Morning Star and the Evening Star are two different objects. （2）What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Help. B.Change. C.Cloud. D.Postpone. （3）What is the major cause of the extreme heat on the surface of Venus? A.The big size of the planet. B.The short distance from the Earth. C.The planet’s special landform. D.The heavy atmosphere surrounding it. （4）How does the author support his idea in the last paragraph? A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons. C.By discussing the background. D.By presenting cause and effect. 四、七选五 Why Are Airplane Seats Almost Blue?         Have you ever paid attention to the color of the airplane seats? They’re almost always blue and there are very few exceptions to this rule. Some people think it reminds us of the sky. But the explanation isn’t that simple!         Color psychology plays an important role in choosing the fabric (布料) for airplane seats. _______1_______ “The idea is to help passengers feel at home, with relaxing colors and restful designs,” explained Shelly Zundell in a press release.         Blue is a calming color that suggests peace, calmness, and relaxation. _____2______ In a study reported by Popular Science, 48 percent of participants thought that soda in a blue glass was more thirst-quenching (解渴的) than that served in glasses of other colors, probably because they connected blue with cold. Colors such as red and orange can make people feel warmer. Although it’s not unheard of, red is a less common color for airplane seats. _______3_________         It is a universally well-liked color. ______4______ It’s a universal color that’s appealing to most. This is also the same reason why many brands have blue logos. People universally connect the color with positive things such as clean water and blue skies, so they tend to like it. Across ages and across cultures, it’s probably the world’s favorite color.         The right shade hides stains (污渍) well. Dark blue seats are also just practical. Imagine how many people sit in them per day. Darker shades are better at hiding stains and don’t show their wear as easily. Those dark blue seats will look fresher and newer for longer. ____5_____ A．It physically feels cooler. B．It reflects a cool professionalism. C．But is there any other explanation? D．However, some planes also have red seats. E．People often connect certain colors with certain feelings. F．Feeling hot when you board an airplane is good for no one. G．It’s hard to find someone who has strong feelings against the color blue. 五、完形填空  Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960. Yet more than half of them have（1）________ to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. So after China's Mars probe, Tianwen-1, was（2）________ on July 23 last year, there was an（3）________ wait to lean its progress. The craft landed（4）________ on the surface of the planet on Saturday. The news has been met with both（5）________ and celebration in the country. The landing was（6）________ exactly as planned, which has made China the latest member of the club of the world's pioneering（7）________, and shows that China has（8）________ the technologies on its own. It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China's scientific and technological development in recent decades（9）________ some failures to explore outer space. China made its early（10）________ in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s（11）________ the country remained largely a backward agricultural country.（12）________, the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause. Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space,（13）________ a series of launches that will complete the building of the station around 2022. All these achievements have（14）________ greatly to the peaceful use of outer space.（15）________ its Mars mission, China has worked with European partners and others and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future. （1）A.begun B.failed C.attempted D.succeeded （2）A.transported B.discovered C.launched D.settled （3）A.anxious B.aware C.awkward D.amazing （4）A.suddenly B.safely C.calmly D.obviously （5）A.protest B.regret C.pity D.relief （6）A.carried away B.carried off C.carried out D.carried on （7）A.explorers B.applicants C.officials D.editors （8）A.borrowed B.selected C.developed D.removed （9）A.without B.beyond C.except D.despite （10）A.promises B.impacts C.inventions D.breakthroughs （11）A.where B.when C.that D.which （12）A.Thus B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.However （13）A.getting off B.cutting off C.starting off D.putting off （14）A.appealed B.contributed C.responded D.belonged （15）A.Upon B.Before C.During D.After 六、语法填空 Users of Minecraft, a sandbox game, are known for their 1. __________ (creative). Power gamers have used the virtual lego-like cubes ( 立 方 体) to build entire towns, cities, 2. __________ even Middle-earth from The Lord of the Rings. 3. __________ (recent), Christopher Slayton has raised the bar by building the entire known Universe in Minecraft. The 18-year-old's copy work of the universe was very carefully done. Before creating Earth, he went skydiving 4. __________ (observe) its beauty from above. To ensure our planet was to scale (按比例), he used a globe to measure the distance 5. __________ each continent. Once Earth had been perfected, Slayton turned his attention to 6. __________ rest of the solar system. His virtual Sun 7. __________ (create) using the “brightest blocks” in Minecraft, which even includes solar flares (耀斑)! Before building the group of galaxies, Slayton spent time watching real-world 8. __________ (star) through a telescope. His model universe even includes a black hole and clouds of gas and dust! Slayton's two-month-long effort has not gone unnoticed. His YouTube video outlining the process and showcasing the model universe 9. __________ (receive) over 7.5 million views since it was published in mid-October 2022. And the numbers keep 10. __________ (increase) daily! 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 4 Space Exploration（复习讲义） 单元考点：单词、短语、句型 知识点1：However, scientists were determined to realise that dream. 然而，科学家们下定决心要实现这个梦想。（教材P40） 【用法】determine v. 决心，决定 determined adj. 决心的，意志坚定的 【常见搭配】 be determined to do sth. 下定决心做某事 ►She was determined to lose weight successfully this time.这一次，她下定决心一定要减肥成功。 ►Your health is mainly determined by what you eat.你的健康主要是由你吃的东西来决定。 ►Mary is determined to study hard in order to pass the exam.玛丽决心努力学习，以便通过考试。 知识点2：On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite was launched by the USSR and successfully orbited around Earth. 1957年10月4日，“旅伴一号”人造卫星在苏联发射升空，并成功环绕地球运行。（教材P40） 【用法】launch v. ①发射；把(航天器、武器等)发射上天；水中发射 ②开始从事，发起③发动上市，发行 orbit vt.沿轨道运行；围绕……运动 n. （天体等运行的）轨道 ►The satellite was successfully launched into orbit earlier this month.这颗卫星于本月初成功发射进入轨道。 ►The government recently launched a national road safety campaign.政府最近发起了一场全国道路安全运动。 ►The new series launches in July.新系列将于7月推出。 ►The earth takes a year to orbit the sun.地球绕太阳一周要一年的时间。 知识点3：Afterwards, the USSR focused on sending people into space, and on 12 April 1961, Yuri Gagarin became the first person in the world to enter space.后来，苏联专注于载人太空飞行。1961年4月12日，尤里·加加林成为世界上第一个进入太空的人。（教材P40） 【句式分析】the + 序数词+ n.+ to do ►He is the first student to finish the exam in our class.他是我们班第一个完成考试的学生。 ►This is the second house to be built in this new community.这是这个新小区里第二栋建好的房子。 ►She was the last person to leave the library last night.她是昨晚最后一个离开图书馆的人。 知识点4：However, while such disasters brought much sadness and disappointment, the desire to explore the universe did not die. 然而，尽管这些灾难带来很多悲伤和失望，但探索宇宙的渴望永不磨灭。（教材P41） 【用法】while conj. 虽然，尽管 disappointment n. ①失望；沮丧；扫兴② 使人失望的人（或事物）；令人扫兴的人（或事物） desire n. 愿望，渴望v. 希望得到，想要 【归纳】disappoint vt. 使(某人)失望；使(希望、计划等)不能实现 disappointed adj. 失望的，沮丧的 disappointing adj. 令人失望的，令人沮丧的 【固定搭配】desire to do sth. 渴望做某事 desire sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 desire + that 从句 要求某人做某事 (谓语常用should +动词原形，should可省略) ►While never a big eater, he did snack a lot.他饭量从来都不大，但零食确实是吃得很多。 ►While I fully understand your point of view, I do also have some sympathy with Michael's. 尽管我能完全理解你的观点，但我在一定程度上也赞同麦克的观点。 ►The old man had a strong desire to go back to his home country before he died. 这个老人死前有强烈的愿望要回自己的祖国。 ►Dan really desires to get a scholarship from Oxford University. Dan真的很想得到牛津大学的奖学金。 知识点5：This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 这是因为哪怕面临巨大的危险, 人类还是坚信太空探索的重要性。（教材P41） 【句式分析】It / This / That is / was because… 它/这/那是因为…… 【常用搭配】carry on sth. / with sth. 继续做，坚持干 carry on doing sth. 继续做某事 【拓展】继续干某事的表达：keep doing sth., continue doing sth., go on doing sth, keep on doing sth. … ►She is always unhappy. This is because she is rather demanding.她总是不快乐，这是因为她要求很高。 ►Mr Dean carried on his business until he retired.Dean先生一直干到退休。 ►You’ll have an accident if you carry on driving like that.如果你继续那样开车，你会出事故的。 知识点6：In 2022, the launch of the Mengtian module signaled the basic completion of the Tiangong Space Station.2022年，“梦天”太空舱的发射标志着天宫空间站基本建成。（教材P41） 【用法】signal v. ①标志  ②给信号，打手势 n. ①信号②手势; 标志; 预示 ►She signaled to the cars behind that they were going the wrong way. 她示意后面的车走错路了。 ►The bell signaled the end of a school period.  铃声预示着一个学期的结束。 ►The flashing light is a signal that a train is coming. 闪光灯是火车来的信号。 ►Did the policeman give us a signal to go ahead? 警察给我们手势让我们走了吗？ 单元语法：不定式作定语和状语 一、不定式作定语 1．不定式作定语的位置和关系 动词不定式作定语通常放在名词、代词或不定代词的后面作后置定语。动词不定式作定语一般与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系、动宾关系、或同位关系。 ►We must find a person to do the work.我们必须找一个人来做这项工作。 ►There are lots of interesting things to see. 这里有很多有趣的东西可以看。（动宾关系） ►They got the order to leave the city. 他们接到离开城市的命令。（同位关系） 2.不定式作定语用法 （1）有些名词后面常接不定式作定语，如ability, chance, desire, decision, effort, intention, need, opportunity, plan, promise, pressure, right, time, way等。 ►After months of unemployment, all he asked for was a chance to earn his bread.失业数月后，他所要求的只是谋生的机会。 ►A good teacher must have the ability to make himself understood. 一位好老师必须具备让人理解自己的能力。 （2被only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式作定语。 ►She is the first graduate to get an offer in the big company.她是第一个获得大公司offer的毕业生。 ►He is the only one to survive the accident. 他是唯一在事故中幸存的人。 （3）不定式加介词作定语 作定语的动词不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。 ►He is looking for a room to live in. 他正在找一个住的地方。 ►There is nothing to worry about. 没什么好担心的。 【拓展】在一些固定句型中，动词不定式作定语用主动形式表被动意义，如 have / get / give / show sth. to do ►I have a lot of things to do tomorrow.我明天有很多事情要做。 ►Please give me something to drink.请给我点喝的。 ►He will show you the right path to take.他将为你指明正确的道路。 二、不定式作状语 不定式在句中用作状语，可以表示目的、结果或原因等。常见的结构有：in order to, enough to do, too...to...,adj.+to do sth. 1. 不定式作目的状语，可用in order to / so as to 代替，有时为了突出强调目的，还可将这个词组置于句首，但so as to一般不用于句首。 ►To do good work, one must have the proper tools.要做好工作，必须要有合适的工具。 ►In order to master English, you must spend much effort on it.为了掌握英语，你必须在上面花费大量精力。 ►The bus stopped so as to pick up passengers. 公交车停下来接乘客。 2.不定式还常用在too ... to结构、enough to及only to等后面作状语，表示结果。 ►The box is too small to hold all these things．这个盒子太小了，装不下所有这些东西。 ►I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed.我从家一直走到图书馆，结果发现它关门了。 ►He is old enough to go to school.他年纪足够大了，可以去上学了。 3.不定式作原因状语，常用于“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，此类形容词多是glad, excited, disappointed, shocked等表示喜怒哀乐的形容词。 ►They were glad to see their son taken good care of in the kindergarten. 看到儿子在幼儿园得到很好的照顾，他们很高兴。 ►She is proud to have won the first place. 她为获得第一名感到自豪。 单元写作：关于太空探索利弊的议论文 本单元写作任务要求分析太空探索的利弊并谈谈自己的看法，属于议论文范畴。议论文主要通过摆事实或讲道理来表达作者的观点和主张。议论文写作时应注意做到以下几点：观点明确、论据充分、论证合理、逻辑严密。 本写作可分为三部分： 第一部分：太空探索好处； 第二部分：太空探索的弊端； 第二部分：你的看法。 ※写作模板 Space exploration has presented numerous benefits. To start with, ________________________(好处一). Additionally, _________________________(好处二).It is also worth noting that___________________(好处三). However, along with its benefits, space exploration also comes with drawbacks. One of the main concerns is ___________________________(弊端一). What's worse, ___________________(弊端二). Lastly, __________________(弊端三). In my opinion, the benefits of space exploration outweigh the drawbacks. It is important to ensure responsible and sustainable exploration for the benefit of the universe. ※太空探索的好处 1．To start with, the discoveries made by scientists have pushed the boundaries of human understanding. Breakthroughs have been made in scientific fields. 首先，科学家们取得的发现推动了人类理解的边界。科学领域取得了突破性进展。 2.  Additionally, space exploration has paved the way for technological advancements on Earth. 此外，太空探索为地球上的技术进步铺平了道路。 3. Thirdly, space exploration has also offered new economic opportunities such as space tourism.第三，太空探索还提供了新的经济机遇，例如太空旅游。 ※太空探索的弊端 1．However, along with its benefits, space exploration also comes with drawbacks. 然而，伴随着其益处，太空探索也带来了弊端。 2.One of the main concerns is the high cost involved, which is often competing with other pressing needs on Earth, such as ending hunger. 主要担忧之一是涉及的高昂成本，这常常与其他地球上的紧迫需求相竞争，例如消除饥饿。 3.What's worse, space exploration involves risks for astronauts, as the conditions in space pose a threat to human health.更糟糕的是，太空探索对宇航员存在风险，因为太空中的环境会对人类健康构成威胁。 ※对太空探索的个人看法 1．In my opinion, the benefits of space exploration outweigh the drawbacks. 在我看来，太空探索的益处大于其弊端。 2. It is important to ensure responsible and sustainable exploration for the benefit of the universe.确保负责任和可持续的探索以造福宇宙至关重要。 3. Therefore, we should carry on space exploration while addressing its drawbacks responsibly.因此，我们应该在负责任地解决其弊端的同时继续进行太空探索。 一、在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.____________(analysis) were conducted on the important data. 【答案】Analyses 【解析】“analysis”为可数名词，意为“分析”。根据句中谓语动词“were”为复数形式，主语也需用复数，因此需将其变为复数形式“analyses”。 2.I spent my childhood working, with responsibilities______________ my age. 【答案】beyond 【解析】介词“beyond”意为“超出、胜过”。此处构成“beyond one‘s age”短语，表示“超越年龄的”，符合句意“我的童年都在工作中度过，肩负着超越年龄的责任”。 3.I had a strong desire____________ ( reach) in and play with the toy, but was held back thankfully by the shop window. 【答案】to reach 【解析】名词“desire”（愿望）后常接动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，表示“做某事的愿望”，因此填写“to reach”。 4.There were numerous diving spots in the area and Larry was determined _________( visit) all of them. 【答案】to visit 【解析】“be determined to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“下定决心做某事”，因此需用动词不定式“to visit”。 5.The job will provide me___________ a good chance to show my talent. 【答案】with 【解析】“provide sb. with sth.”为固定短语，意为“向某人提供某物”，符合句意“这份工作将为我提供一个展示才华的好机会”。 6.Don‘t waste your time____________ (try) to find out if the receiver has read it yet. 【答案】trying 【解析】“waste time (in) doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“浪费时间做某事”，其中介词“in”常省略，因此需用动名词形式“trying”。 7.She gave me a____________ (determine) look — the kind that said she wouldn‘t change her mind. 【答案】determined 【解析】“determined”在此处为形容词，意为“坚决的、下定决心的”，用来修饰名词“look”（表情），构成“a determined look”（一个坚定的眼神）。 8.After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide accommodation ________the homeless families. 【答案】for 【解析】“provide sth. for sb.”为固定搭配，意为“为某人提供某物”，相当于“provide sb. with sth.”。此处意为“为无家可归的家庭提供住处”。 9.One by one, the applicants left the interviewer‘s office with __________(disappoint) looks on their faces. 【答案】disappointed 【解析】“disappointed”为形容词，意为“感到失望的”，用于描述人的感受或表情。“disappointed looks”意为“失望的表情”。注意与“disappointing”（令人失望的）区分，后者通常修饰物。 10.The workers were not better organized, otherwise they_________________ (accomplish) the task in half the time. 【答案】would have accomplished 【解析】“otherwise”在此引导含蓄条件句，表示与过去事实相反的假设。主句“The workers were not better organized”描述了过去的实际情况，因此“otherwise”后的分句需用虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的结果，结构为“would/should/could/might + have + 过去分词”。 二、单句语法填空 1. Volunteering gives you a chance _________ (change) lives, including your own. 【答案】to change 【解析】此处考查不定式作定语，名词“chance”（机会）后面通常接动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，表示“做某事的机会”。因此，这里应填“to change”，意为“一个改变生活的机会”。 2. The students are looking forward to having an opportunity _________ (explore) society of real-life experience. 【答案】to explore 【解析】此处考查不定式作定语，名词“opportunity”（机会）后面通常接动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，表示“做某事的机会”。因此，这里应填“to explore”，意为“一个探索社会以获取真实经验的机会”。 3.I have a lot of readings __________ (complete) before the end of this term. 【答案】to complete 【解析】此处考查不定式作定语，动词have后常用动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，表示“有待完成或需要完成的读物”。此处“to complete”作定语修饰“readings”，意为“需要在学期结束前完成的阅读材料”。 4. The ability _________ (express) an idea is as important as the idea itself. 【答案】to express 【解析】此处考查不定式作定语，名词“ability”（能力）后面通常接动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，表示“做某事的能力”。因此，这里应填“to express”，意为“表达一个想法的能力”。 5. Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ______ (stay) away. 【答案】to stay 【解析】此处考查不定式作定语, 名词“warning”（警告）后面通常接动词不定式（to do）作后置定语，表示“要求或建议他人做某事的警告”。因此，这里应填“to stay”，意为“警告其他鸟类远离”。 6.___________(make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. 【答案】To make 【解析】此处考查不定式作状语，此处动词“make”位于句首，且其后句子主干完整，可判断其为非谓语动词作目的状语。表示“为了使联系我们变得更容易”，应用其动词不定式形式“To make”。 7.Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only _______ (find) it didn’t fit. 【答案】to find 【解析】此处考查不定式作状语,“only to do sth.”是一个固定结构，意为“结果却……”，表示一个意外的、通常令人失望或不悦的结果。此处意为“她焦急地拿出裙子试穿，结果却发现它不合身”。 8.Group activities will be organised after class _________ (help) children develop team spirit. 【答案】to help 【解析】此处考查不定式作状语,动词“help”位于句末，且与前句“活动将被组织”构成目的关系，表示“组织活动的目的是帮助孩子们”。表示目的应用动词不定式“to help”。 9.This machine is very easy _________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. 【答案】to operate 【解析】此处考查不定式作状语,在“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”结构中，当句子主语是动词不定式（to do）的逻辑宾语时，常用主动形式（to do）表示被动含义。此处主语“This machine”是动词“operate”（操作）的逻辑宾语，构成“be easy to operate”这一常用表达，意为“这台机器很容易操作”。 10.We were astonished _______ (find) the temple still in its original condition. 【答案】to find 【解析】此处考查不定式作状语,形容词“astonished”（感到惊讶的）属于表达情感或态度的形容词，其后常接动词不定式（to do）作原因状语，表示“因为……而感到惊讶”。此处“to find...”说明惊讶的原因，意为“我们惊讶地发现这座寺庙仍保持着原貌”。 三、阅读理解 Venus (金星) is the brightest planet in the sky. The orbit of Venus is inside the orbit of Earth. Venus is always relatively close to the Sun in the sky. When Venus is on one side of the Sun, it’s following the Sun in the sky and brightens into view shortly after the Sun sets. This is when Venus is seen as the Evening Star. When Venus is on the other side of the Sun, it leads the Sun. Venus will rise in the morning a few hours before the Sun. Then as the Sun rises, the sky brightens and Venus fades away in the daytime sky. This is when Venus is called the Morning Star. However, it’s interesting that ancient sky viewers took Venus for two separate sky objects: the Morning Star and the Evening Star. Venus appears white or yellowish-white when viewed through a telescope. The reason is that it’s covered with a thick carbon dioxide (CO₂) atmosphere and sulphuric acid (硫酸) clouds, which ______________direct observations. So the color of the Venusian surface is not exactly known. However, based on data collected by spacecraft missions, scientists believe that it likely takes on various shades of red, brown, and gray. Venus has an average surface temperature of about 462℃, which makes it one of the hottest places in the Solar System. Besides its short distance from the Sun, Venus’ extremely high temperature is primarily a result of its thick atmosphere, which is composed mainly of carbon dioxide. It creates the greenhouse effect, which traps solar radiation (射线). Unlike the Earth, where a day is made up of 24 hours, a Venusian day lasts about 243Earth days! Just imagine a day lasting for months and months, with the Sun rising and setting only once during that full period. While on the Earth we are used to a year 365 days, the duration of a Venusian year is about 225 Earth days. Surprisingly, this means that a Venusian year is actually shorter than a Venusian day! （1）What can we learn from Paragraph l? A.Venus can be seen only in the early morning. B.Venus is a bright planet with two other names. C.The Evening Star starts to appear before the sun goes down. D.The Morning Star and the Evening Star are two different objects. （2）What does the underlined word “obscure” in Paragraph 2 mean? A.Help. B.Change. C.Cloud. D.Postpone. （3）What is the major cause of the extreme heat on the surface of Venus? A.The big size of the planet. B.The short distance from the Earth. C.The planet’s special landform. D.The heavy atmosphere surrounding it. （4）How does the author support his idea in the last paragraph? A.By providing examples. B.By making comparisons. C.By discussing the background. D.By presenting cause and effect. 本文是一篇科普说明文。它通过客观、准确的描述，介绍了金星的天文特征、观测现象、表面环境及物理特性。 【答案】1．B 【解析】1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Venus (金星) is the brightest planet in the sky.(金星是天空中最亮的行星)”以及“However, it’s interesting that ancient sky viewers took Venus for two separate sky objects: the Morning Star and the Evening Star. (然而，有趣的是，古代的天空观察者把金星当成了两个不同的天体：晨星和昏星)”可知，金星是一颗明亮的行星，还有另外两个名字。故选B。 【答案】2．C 【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The reason is that it’s covered with a thick carbon dioxide (CO₂) atmosphere and sulphuric acid (硫酸) clouds(原因是它被厚厚的二氧化碳大气和硫酸云所覆盖)”可知，金星被厚厚的二氧化碳大气和硫酸云所覆盖，这使得直接观测变得模糊。由此可知，划线词意思是“使模糊不清”。故选C。 【答案】3．D 【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段“Besides its short distance from the Sun, Venus’ extremely high temperature is primarily a result of its thick atmosphere, which is composed mainly of carbon dioxide.(除了离太阳很近之外，金星的极高温度主要是由于它的大气层很厚，主要由二氧化碳组成)”可知，金星表面极端高温的主要原因是周围沉重的大气。故选D。 【答案】4．B 【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Unlike the Earth, where a day is made up of 24 hours, a Venusian day lasts about 243Earth days! Just imagine a day lasting for months and months, with the Sun rising and setting only once during that full period. While on the Earth we are used to a year 365 days, the duration of a Venusian year is about 225 Earth days. Surprisingly, this means that a Venusian year is actually shorter than a Venusian day!(地球上的一天是24小时，而金星上的一天是243个地球日！想象一下，一天持续好几个月，在这段时间里，太阳只升起和落下一次。在地球上，我们习惯于一年365天，而金星一年的持续时间大约是225个地球日。令人惊讶的是，这意味着金星的一年实际上比金星的一天短！)”可推知，作者通过比较支持他在最后一段的观点。故选B。 四、七选五 Why Are Airplane Seats Almost Blue?         Have you ever paid attention to the color of the airplane seats? They’re almost always blue and there are very few exceptions to this rule. Some people think it reminds us of the sky. But the explanation isn’t that simple!         Color psychology plays an important role in choosing the fabric (布料) for airplane seats. _______1_______ “The idea is to help passengers feel at home, with relaxing colors and restful designs,” explained Shelly Zundell in a press release.         Blue is a calming color that suggests peace, calmness, and relaxation. _____2______ In a study reported by Popular Science, 48 percent of participants thought that soda in a blue glass was more thirst-quenching (解渴的) than that served in glasses of other colors, probably because they connected blue with cold. Colors such as red and orange can make people feel warmer. Although it’s not unheard of, red is a less common color for airplane seats. _______3_________         It is a universally well-liked color. ______4______ It’s a universal color that’s appealing to most. This is also the same reason why many brands have blue logos. People universally connect the color with positive things such as clean water and blue skies, so they tend to like it. Across ages and across cultures, it’s probably the world’s favorite color.         The right shade hides stains (污渍) well. Dark blue seats are also just practical. Imagine how many people sit in them per day. Darker shades are better at hiding stains and don’t show their wear as easily. Those dark blue seats will look fresher and newer for longer. ____5_____ A．It physically feels cooler. B．It reflects a cool professionalism. C．But is there any other explanation? D．However, some planes also have red seats. E．People often connect certain colors with certain feelings. F．Feeling hot when you board an airplane is good for no one. G．It’s hard to find someone who has strong feelings against the color blue.  这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了为什么飞机座位几乎是蓝色的这一现象。 【答案】1.E 【解析】根据上文“Color psychology plays an important role in choosing the fabric (布料) for airplane seats.(色彩心理学在飞机座椅面料的选择中起着重要的作用)”以及后文““The idea is to help passengers feel at home, with relaxing colors and restful designs,” explained Shelly Zundell in a press release.(雪莉·赞德尔在新闻发布会上解释说：“这个想法是为了让乘客有宾至如归的感觉，用放松的颜色和宁静的设计。”)”可知，本句承上启下，说明了色彩心理学起作用的原因是人们对颜色有情感联系，故E选项“人们经常把某些颜色和某些感觉联系起来”符合语境，故选E。 【答案】2.A 【解析】根据后文“In a study reported by Popular Science,48 percent of participants thought that soda in a blue glass was more thirst-quenching (解渴的) than that served in glasses of other colors, probably because they connected blue with cold.(在《大众科学》杂志的一项研究中，48%的参与者认为，装在蓝色杯子里的苏打水比装在其他颜色杯子里的苏打水更能解渴，这可能是因为他们把蓝色与冷联系在一起)”可知，蓝色让人感觉更凉爽，故A选项“身体上感觉更凉爽”符合语境，故选A。 【答案】3.F 【解析】根据上文“Colors such as red and orange can make people feel warmer. Although it’s not unheard of, red is a less common color for airplane seats.(像红色和橙色这样的颜色会让人感觉更温暖。虽然这并非闻所未闻，但红色在飞机座位上并不常见)”可知，本句进一步说明了红色不常用在飞机座椅上的原因，因为红色让人感觉热，故F选项“登机时感到热对任何人都没有好处”符合语境，故选F。 【答案】4.G 【解析】根据上文“It is a universally well-liked color.(它是一种普遍受欢迎的颜色)”以及后文“It’s a universal color that’s appealing to most.(它是一种对大多数人都有吸引力的普遍颜色)”可知，本句具体说明了蓝色普遍受欢迎，因为很少有人讨厌蓝色，故G选项“很难找到对蓝色有强烈反感的人”符合语境，故选G。 【答案】5.B 【解析】根据上文“The right shade hides stains (污渍) well. Dark blue seats are also just practical. Imagine how many people sit in them per day. Darker shades are better at hiding stains and don’t show their wear as easily. Those dark blue seats will look fresher and newer for longer.(正确的颜色可以很好地隐藏污渍。深蓝色的座椅也很实用。想象一下每天有多少人坐在里面。深色的颜色更能隐藏污渍，也不容易露出污渍。那些深蓝色的座位看起来会更新鲜、更崭新)”可知，上文提到了深蓝色的座位看起来会更新鲜、更崭新，本句为本段最后一句，承接上文，说明这一设置所带来的影响。故B选项“这反映了一种很酷的专业精神”符合语境，故选B。五、完形填空  Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960. Yet more than half of them have（1）________ to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. So after China's Mars probe, Tianwen-1, was（2）________ on July 23 last year, there was an（3）________ wait to lean its progress. The craft landed（4）________ on the surface of the planet on Saturday. The news has been met with both（5）________ and celebration in the country. The landing was（6）________ exactly as planned, which has made China the latest member of the club of the world's pioneering（7）________, and shows that China has（8）________ the technologies on its own. It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China's scientific and technological development in recent decades（9）________ some failures to explore outer space. China made its early（10）________ in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s（11）________ the country remained largely a backward agricultural country.（12）________, the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause. Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space,（13）________ a series of launches that will complete the building of the station around 2022. All these achievements have（14）________ greatly to the peaceful use of outer space.（15）________ its Mars mission, China has worked with European partners and others and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future. （1）A.begun B.failed C.attempted D.succeeded （2）A.transported B.discovered C.launched D.settled （3）A.anxious B.aware C.awkward D.amazing （4）A.suddenly B.safely C.calmly D.obviously （5）A.protest B.regret C.pity D.relief （6）A.carried away B.carried off C.carried out D.carried on （7）A.explorers B.applicants C.officials D.editors （8）A.borrowed B.selected C.developed D.removed （9）A.without B.beyond C.except D.despite （10）A.promises B.impacts C.inventions D.breakthroughs （11）A.where B.when C.that D.which （12）A.Thus B.Therefore C.Furthermore D.However （13）A.getting off B.cutting off C.starting off D.putting off （14）A.appealed B.contributed C.responded D.belonged （15）A.Upon B.Before C.During D.After 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的航天技术有了巨大的突破。 【答案】1.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：然而，其中一半以上未能到达距离地球约5500万公里的行星。A 开始；B 失败；C 试图；D 成功。根据前面的“Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.”自1960年以来，全球已经发射了大约50项火星任务。可以推测出尽管发射了大量的行星，但是有一半的行星没有达到合适的距离。故选B。 【答案】2.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：因此，在去年7月23日中国的火星探测器“天文一号”发射后，人们焦急地等待着它的进展。A 运输；B 探索；C 发射；D 解决，使定居。结合句意分析，因为一些行星不能达到理想的距离，所以这个行星发射后，人们对它密切关注。故选C。 【答案】3.A 【解析】考查形容词辨析。句意：因此，在去年7月23日中国的火星探测器“天文一号”发射后，人们焦急地等待着它的进展。A. 焦虑的；B. 有意识的；C. 尴尬的；D. 令人吃惊的。结合句意分析，这个行星发射后，人们对它的关注度很高，所以焦急地等待着新的进展。故选A。 【答案】4.B 【解析】考查副词辨析。句意：这艘飞船周六安全降落在行星表面。A 突然地；B 安全地；C 冷静地；D 焦虑地。结合句意分析，这个飞船发射以后，在行星表面安全降落了。故选B。 【答案】5.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：这个消息在全国引起了人们的欣慰和庆祝。A 保护；B 后悔；C 遗憾；D 欣慰。结合句意分析，人们对这个行星的关注度很高，它安全降落的消息引起了人们的欣慰和庆祝。故选D。【答案】6.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这次登陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先驱探险家俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主开发了这些技术。A 带走；B 获得；C 执行；D 进行。结合句意分析，这个行星的安全着陆，表示这次登录计划完全按照计划进行。故选C。 【答案】7.A 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：这次登陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先驱探险家俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主开发了这些技术。A 探险者；B 申请人；C 官员；D 编辑。结合句意分析，这次登陆计划的顺利进行， 让中国成为探险家俱乐部的最新成员。故选A。 【答案】8.C 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：这次登陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先驱探险家俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主开发了这些技术。A 借；B 挑选；C 发展，开发；D 移除。结合句意分析，登陆计划的完成，让中国成为探险家俱乐部的成员之一，同时也表明中国能够自主开发这些技术。故选C。 【答案】9.D 【解析】 考查介词辨析。句意：近几十年来，尽管在探索外层空间方面有些失败，但在中国的科技发展中发挥关键作用的正是这种能干精神。A 没有；B 超过；C 除了；D 尽管。结合句意分析，尽管中国在探索外层空间方面存在欠缺，但是关键发挥作用的是这种能干精神。故选D。 【答案】10.D 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：从20世纪60年代开始，中国在火箭和空间技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国基本上还是一个落后的农业国家。A 承诺；B 影响；C 目的；D 突破。结合句意分析，中国早期在火箭和空间技术方面取得了一些新的突破。故选D。 【答案】11.B 【解析】考查连接副词。句意：从20世纪60年代开始，中国在火箭和空间技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国基本上还是一个落后的农业国家。空处词引导一个定语从句，连接词在从句中作时间状语。所以用when。故选B。 【答案】12.D 【解析】考查连词辨析。句意：然而，该国充分利用了过去60多年的经验，努力推进航空航天事业。A 因此；B 所以；C 而且；D 然而。结合句意分析，尽管中国当时还是一个相对落后的农业国家，但是充分利用了过去的60多年，推进航空事业。前后表示转折。故选D。 【答案】13.C 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：上个月底，中国将天河号送入太空，开始了一系列发射，将在2022年左右完成空间站的建设。A 下车；B 切碎；C 开始；D 推迟。结合句意分析，中国将天河送入太空以后，开始了一系列的发射。故选C。 【答案】14.B 【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：所有这些成就都为和平利用外层空间作出了巨大贡献。A 呼吁；B 贡献；C 回应；D 属于。结合句意分析，这些成就为利用空间作出了巨大的贡献。故选B。 【答案】15.C 【解析】考查介词辨析。句意：在执行火星任务期间，中国与欧洲伙伴和其他国家合作，将有助于推动人类在未来走得更快更远。A 在……上面；B 在……之前；C 在……期间；D 在……之后。结合句意分析，在执行火星任务期间，中国与其他国家进行合作，推动了人类科技越走越远。故选C。 六、语法填空 Users of Minecraft, a sandbox game, are known for their 1. __________ (creative). Power gamers have used the virtual lego-like cubes ( 立 方 体) to build entire towns, cities, 2. __________ even Middle-earth from The Lord of the Rings. 3. __________ (recent), Christopher Slayton has raised the bar by building the entire known Universe in Minecraft. The 18-year-old's copy work of the universe was very carefully done. Before creating Earth, he went skydiving 4. __________ (observe) its beauty from above. To ensure our planet was to scale (按比例), he used a globe to measure the distance 5. __________ each continent. Once Earth had been perfected, Slayton turned his attention to 6. __________ rest of the solar system. His virtual Sun 7. __________ (create) using the “brightest blocks” in Minecraft, which even includes solar flares (耀斑)! Before building the group of galaxies, Slayton spent time watching real-world 8. __________ (star) through a telescope. His model universe even includes a black hole and clouds of gas and dust! Slayton's two-month-long effort has not gone unnoticed. His YouTube video outlining the process and showcasing the model universe 9. __________ (receive) over 7.5 million views since it was published in mid-October 2022. And the numbers keep 10. __________ (increase) daily! 1.【答案】creativity 【解析】根据句意“我的世界（Minecraft）这款沙盒游戏的用户以其……而闻名”，空格前为形容词性物主代词“their”，其后应接名词作宾语。所给词“creative”为形容词，其名词形式为“creativity”（创造力）。 2.【答案】and 【解析】分析句子结构可知，“entire towns, cities”和“Middle-earth”为并列宾语，共同作动词“build”的宾语。它们之间是递增的并列关系（从城镇、城市到整个中土世界），应使用并列连词“and”进行连接。 3.【答案】Recently 【解析】空格位于句首，其后有逗号，通常作时间状语。所给词“recent”为形容词，其副词形式“recently”（最近）常用于句首作时间状语，修饰整个句子。 4.【答案】to observe 【解析】分析句子“he went skydiving ... its beauty”可知，“观察它的美”是“去跳伞”的目的。动词不定式（to do）常用作目的状语，表示动作的目的，因此填入“to observe”。 5.【答案】between 【解析】句意“他使用地球仪来测量各大洲……的距离”。测量的是“每（各）个大陆”之间的距离，表示“在两者（多个个体每两者之间）之间”应用介词“between”。 6.【答案】the 【解析】“the rest of...”为固定短语，意为“其余的……”。此处指“太阳系的其余部分”，因此需要定冠词“the”。 7.【答案】was created 【解析】分析句子“His virtual Sun ... using the 'brightest blocks'”，主语“His virtual Sun”与动词“create”之间为被动关系（太阳“被”创造），且描述的是过去发生的具体动作，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态“was created”。 8.【答案】stars 【解析】空格前为形容词“real-world”（现实世界的），其后应接名词作宾语。根据常识，通过望远镜观看的是“星星”，且星星为可数名词，此处泛指复数概念，因此用复数形式“stars”。 9.【答案】has received 【解析】句中有时间状语“since it was published in mid-October 2022”，表示“自从2022年10月中旬发布以来”，强调动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在，并对现在产生影响（视频观看量很高），应用现在完成时“has received”。 10.【答案】increasing 【解析】“keep doing sth.”为固定搭配，意为“持续做某事，一直做某事”。此处指“数字每天都在持续增长”，因此应用动名词形式“increasing”。 1 / 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $