Unit 1 Past and present（复习课件）英语新教材译林版八年级下册

该初中英语单元复习课件围绕“Past and present”主题，系统整合现在完成时语法、核心词汇、重点短语等核心知识，通过单元知识图谱构建“语法-词汇-主题应用”的逻辑网络，将43个核心词汇（如underground、speed）、55个重点短语（如over the years、the rise of Shenzhen）与现在完成时用法紧密关联，形成完整的单元知识体系。 其亮点在于以主题驱动复习，通过“家乡变化”写作任务（如典例《Changes Around Us》）培养学生文化意识，结合现在完成时针对训练（如填空、单选）提升语言能力，综合训练（分层设计的词汇填空、短文写作）满足不同学生需求。这一设计既帮助学生巩固知识，又为教师提供精准复习路径，提升教学效率。

Unit 1 Past and present 八年级英语下册·新教材译林版 1 单元学习目标 2 单元知识图谱 3 核心词汇 4 重点短语 5 单元语法 7 综合训练 6 主题写作 目 录 阅读文章，了解深圳是如何改变的。 一 通过阅读文章，了解中国这么多年的变化。 二 学会运用所学的词汇，短语和句式，描述自己家乡的变化。 三 通过听，说和阅读，更好地了解巨大变化背后的努力。 四 学习目标 3 单元知识图谱 Past and present 短语 三会 四会 innovation, reform, giant, transport, muddy, theme 单词 underground, speed, crowded, convenient, southern, high-tech, pioneer, very, technology, industry, lead, move, wealth, excellent, educational, award, public, citizen, greenway, electric, planner, since, development, pioneering, creativity, certainly, key, world-famous, already, yet, reporter, line, step, wide, row, villager, recent, hopeful, guest, tourism, opinion, common 句型 2. when 引导的时间状语从句 1. there be 句型 high-speed train, used to, at the heart of.., a wealth of, make a living, fall in love with, guest house, theme park. 语法 现在完成时 写作 英语短文：Beautiful countryside 4 核心词汇 1. n. 地铁 2. n. 速度 3. adj.拥挤的 4. adj.方便的 5. adj. 南部的;南方的 6. adj.高科技的（尤指电子方面） 7. n.先锋;先驱 8. n.（=tech)技术 9. n. 行业；工业 10. vt. & vi. 引领; 领导 11. n.改变;转变 12. n.财富；富有 13. adj.优秀的；杰出的 14. adj.教育的；有关教育的 15. n. 荣誉 16. n.民众 17. n.居民；市民；公民 18. n. 林荫道 19. adj.电动的 20. n.设计者；规划者 21. prep. & conj. 自…以来 22. n.发展;成长 underground speed crowded convenient southern high-tech pioneer technology industry lead move wealth excellent educational honour public citizen greenway electric planner since development 5 核心词汇 23. adj.开拓性的 24. n.创造力 25. adv.无疑；肯定 26. n.关键；键；琴键 27. adj.举世闻名的 28. adv.最近 29. adv.已经；早已 30. adv.尚(未）；还 31. n. 记者 32. n.交通线;线(条）; 行;列 33. vi. 迈步;踩;踏;行走 34. adj. 宽的；宽阔的 35. n.一排；一列；一行 36. n.村民 37. adj.近来的；新近的 38. adj.抱有希望；满怀希望 39. n. 旅客;房客; 客人 40. n. 旅游业；观光业 41. adj. 空的 42. adj.公共的；公众的 43. adj. 普遍的;共同的 pioneering creativity certainly key world-famous recently already yet reporter line step wide row villager recent hopeful guest tourism empty public common 6 核心词汇 1. speed [spird]n.速度 教材原句 : high-speedtrain 高速列车 常见用法 : speed 是名词，意为“速度”。 at a speed of... 表示“以… 的速度”。 What about your typing speed? 你的打字速度如何? What is the speed of our plane? 我们的飞机的（飞行）速度是多少？ Note: 一般用 high 与 low 来修饰名词 speed。 The car was running at highspeed. 汽车急速地行驶着。 联想拓展: speed 还可作动词，意为“加速；促进”。 1) speed 作名词：at low speed 低速地； at full speed全速地； at the speed of...以..的速度 2) speed 作动词 ：speed up 加速； speed by飞逝 7 核心词汇 2. used to modal n.曾经 教材原句: I used to go to school by bike. 我以前骑自行车上学。 常见用法: used to 意为“曾经”，后跟动词原形，表示过去的习惯、经常发生的动作或存在的状态，强调过去与现在的比较，说明过去常常如此，而现在已不是那样了。 He usedtoget up early. 他过去常常早起。 When I was young, I used to play tennis very often，我年轻时经常打网球。 Note：used to 没有人称和数的变化，其否定形式为 used not to 或 didn’t use to； 疑问句是把 used 提到句首或在句首使用助动词。 I used not to/didn't use to speak Japanese, but now|often speak it. 我过去不常说日语，但现在我经常说了。 Used he to go to school by bike? = Did he use to go to school by bike? 他过去骑自行车上学吗？ 8 核心词汇 3. as well as 除…之外；也;还 教材原句: It offers a wealth of cultural facilities, such as libraries，museums，theatres and art spaces，as well as many excellent cultural and educational activities. 它提供丰富的文化设施，如图书馆、博物馆、剧院和艺术空间，以及许多优秀的文化和教育活动。 常见用法： 1) as well 意为“也;还有”，在句中常作状语。 2) as well as 意为“也;还;以及”，其后要跟宾语。 I write songs on my own and I play the guitar aswell. 我自己写歌，我也弹吉他。 They visited some factories,hospitalsas well as the school. 他们参观了一些工厂和医院，还有这所学校。 9 核心词汇 易混辨析 as well （as)、also、too 与 either 的用法区别 1) as well (as):意为“也;以及”，as well通常用于句末，其前不用逗号，as well as 常用于句中。 I'm going there and she's going as well. 我打算去那里，她也要去。 They sell books as well as newspapers. 他们既 卖 书 又 卖报纸。 2) also : 意为“也”，是正式用语，通常用在实义动词之前，be动词、助动词或情态动词之后，常用于肯定句中。 My little brother can also swim. 我弟弟也会游泳。 3) too: 意为“也”，多用于口语中，常位于肯定句句末，其前可用逗号，也可以不用。 I'm in Row Three too，我也在第三排。 4) either: 意为"也(不)",常用于否定句句末，其前可加逗号。 If you don't go, I won't go either, 如果你不去，我也不去。 10 核心词汇 4. honour /'ono(r)/ n.荣誉 教材原句：Moreover，the city has won an honour from UNESCO for being a role model in encouraging reading among the public. 此外，该市还因在鼓励公众阅读方面树立了榜样而获得了联合国教科文组织的荣誉。 常见用法：honour 既可以作动词，也可以作名词，常用来表示自谦；在美式英语中写作honor 。 It was a greathonour to be invited here today. 今天承蒙邀请到此，深感荣幸。 We have a partyin honout of the famous artist. 为纪念这位著名艺术家，我们举办了一场晚会。 He was honoured with a knighthood for his scientific work. 他因科 研成就被 授予爵士头衔。 1) in honour of... 向..表示敬意 2) be honoured with...被授予... 11 核心词汇 5. recently ['rirsntli] adv.最近 教材原句: Recently, the air in our town has improvedalot. 最近，我们镇上的空气有了很大的改善。 常见用法: recently 为 副词，意为“最近;不久前；近来”，指过去不久的某一时刻的时候，常和一般过去时连用；指过去不久到现在的一段时间的时候，常和现在完成时连用。 The bridge was built recently. 这座桥是最近建造的。 Recently, China has announced the list of the first five nationalparks. 最近，中国公布了首批五个国家公园的名单。 联想拓展: recent 为recently的形容词形式，意为“最近的；近来的；不久前的”，常用于 in recent weeks/months/years等短语中，相当于in the last /past few weeks /months/ years 等短语。 In recent years，sandstorms haven't been as common in northern China asbefore. 近年来，沙尘暴在中国北方不像以前那样普遍。 12 核心词汇 6. already adj.已经；早已 教材原句: Some people in the countryside have already moved to new buildings. 农村的一些人已经搬到了新的建筑里。 易混辨析: already、yet 与still 的用法区别 already: 意为“已经”，常用于肯定句，用于疑问句时表示惊讶、怀疑的语气。 He has already finished his drawing. 他已经完成了他的画。 yet: 意为“还；尚；仍；已经”，常用于否定句或疑问句，多用于现在完成时，常位于句末。 Have you heard of the story yet? 你听说这个故事了吗？ still: 意为“仍然；还”，放在系动词后、实义动词前，表示早前的情形没有变化。 He is still standing. 他还在站着。 13 核心词汇 7. wide /ward/ adj.宽的;宽阔的 教材原句: When you step onto the wide, clean roads of Starlight Village, you will see rows of new houses, tall trees and beautiful flowers. 当你踏上星光村宽阔整洁的道路时，你会看到一排排的新房子、高大的树木和美丽的花朵。 常见用法: how wide 意为“多宽”，用于提问宽度，其答语为“基数词+metre(s) / kilometre(s) / ...+wide”。 How wide is that river in front of your house? 你房子前面的那条河多宽？ It's about 3 metreswide.它大约3米宽。 联想拓展: 1) wide 作形容词，还可意为“广泛的；（眼睛）睁大的”。 She stared at him with wide eyes. 她睁大了眼睛盯着他。 2) wide的副词形式为widely，意为“普遍地；广泛地；（差异)很大地”。 Huangguoshu Waterfall iswidely known to people from home and abroad. 黄果树瀑布为国内外的人们所熟知。 14 核心词汇 8. there be 句型 教材原句：He said there are a lot more jobs now in Shenzhen,and the living conditions are much better. 他说，深圳现在有更多的工作机会，生活条件也好多了。 there be 句型表示“（某地）有某人或某物”，be动词与其相邻的主语在数上保持一致。 There are many chairs and a table in the meetingroom. 会议室里有许多把椅子和一张桌子。 There is a table and many chairs in the meeting room. 会议室里有一张桌子和许多把椅子。 联想拓展：句型 there be sb /sth doingsth意为 “有某人/某物在做某事”。 There is a bird flying in the sky. 有只鸟在天空中飞翔。 15 核心词汇 9. when引导的时间状语从句 教材原句：When you step onto the wide,clean roads of Starlight Village,you will see rows of new houses，tall trees and beautiful flowers. 当你踏上星光村宽阔整洁的道路时，你会看到一排排的新房子、高大的树木和美丽的 花朵。 本句包含when引导的时间状语从句，when作连词，意为“当……时”。若其主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词的句子或祈使句，从句用一般现在时表将来。 I will call youwhen I get to Shanghai. 我到上海后会给你打电话。 When we feel hungry,we can take out our phones andorder some foodeasily. 当我们感到饿的时候，我们可以拿出手机，很容易地点一些食物。 Note：遵循类似用法的连词还有if(如果）、before、after、as soon as、until、unless 等。 If you ask him, he can help you. 如果你请求他，他会帮助你。 16 重点短语 …的关键 多年来 伟大变革背后的付出 不同时期的交通方式 在城市中四处走动 乘长途客车/高铁 过去常常骑自行车去上学 舒适且便捷 深圳的崛起 在过去的 40 年里 一座创新之城 中国南部的一座城市 从一个渔村发展成为一座顶尖的高科技城市 中国的改革开放与发展 the key to over the years the efforts behind great changes transport at different times get around the city by coach/ high-speed train used to go to school by bike comfortable and convenient the rise of Shenzhen over the last 40 years a city of innovation a city in southern China from a fishing village to a top high- tech city China's reform and opening up 17 重点短语 吸引世界各地的员工 在城市的中心位置 科技行业 拥有众多科技巨头的总部 引领改变 在积极推动进程 成为文化中心 提供丰富的文化设施 许多精彩的文化及教育活动 获得联合国教科文组织颁发的奖项 鼓励公众进行阅读 提高市民的生活质量 超过 3000 公里的绿道 其所有的公交车和出租车都使用绿色能源 attract workers from across the world at the very heart of the city technology industries be home to many tech giants lead the move be active in its drive become a cultural centre offer a wealth of cultural facilities many excellent cultural and educational activities win an award from UNESCO encourage reading among the public improve the quality of life for its citizens more than 3,000 kilometres of greenways use green energy for almost all its buses and taxis 18 发展速度惊人地快 成为中国发展的象征 这座城市的开拓精神 其公民的创造力 以捕鱼为生 因此 自从他大学毕业以来 生活条件 多亏了便捷的公共交通系统 将城镇中心的一部分改造成一个新的公园 迄今为止 看着一名记者正在采访一位外国人 爱上 重点短语 develop at an amazing speed become a symbol of China's development the city's pioneering spirit creativity of its citizens make a living by fishing as a result since he finished college the living conditions thanks to excellent public transport turn part of the town centre into a new park up to now watch a reporter interviewing a foreigner fall in love with 19 重点短语 聆听有关我们城市的想法 踏上宽阔、干净的马路 看到一排排崭新的房屋 狭窄且泥泞 多亏了政府的支持 最近几年中 对未来充满希望 开设一家民宿 过夜 曾经是一片空地 当我像你这么大的时候 公共/生活空间 做某事是常见的 带来知识和技能，以帮助当地民众 hear thoughts about our city step onto the wide, clean roads see rows of new houses be narrow and muddy thanks to the government's support in recent years feel hopeful about the future open a guest house stay overnight used to be an empty field when I was your age living/ public spaces be common to do sth. bring knowledge and skills to help the local people 20 单元语法 现在完成时（1） 我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。现在完成时也可和频度副词一起表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。如： He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.自从来到南京，他就一直住在这里。 I have lost my mobilephone. 我的手机丢了。（言下之意：我现在无法使用手机。） I have been to Beijing many times.我去过北京很多次了。 现在完成时常和 already、ever、just、never、recently、yet 等副词以及 since、for 引导的时间状语连用。如： He has not returned the book to me yet.他还没有把那本书还给我。 He has never visited the Great Wall.他从没去过长城。 Suzhou classical gardens have been famous for a long time.苏州园林已闻名许久。 注意：already常用于肯定句，意为“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意为“还”。 单元语法 现在完成时的动词构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词。 大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。 不规则动词的过去分词变化 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 与原形相同： hit-hit-hit； hurt-hurt--hurt 在原形后加t或d：learn—learnt—learnt； hear-heard—heard 原形中的元音字母有变化： get - got- got； sit-sat - sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化：make-made- made； spill—spilt-spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化：feel—felt—felt； smell-smelt-smelt 现在完成时（1） 单元语法 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 与原形相同：come-came-come； runran—run 原形中的元音字母有变化： ring- rang – rung； sing-sang—sung 在原形上加 en： eat- -ate- eaten； fall—fell—fallen 在原形上加n： see – saw – seen； give-gave-given 在过去式上加n：steal- stole- stolen； break-broke-broken 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形差异较大： do-did-done； gowent-gone 现在完成时（1） 一. 根据语境填词或用所给单词的适当形式填空 1. Through years’hard work，China (success) in sending up about sixty Beidou Navigation Satellites until now. 2. Recently, more and more people (choose) to visit Yangzhou during holidays. 二、单项选择 1. The factory a lot of noise all day. But now things have become better. A. was used to make B. was used to making C. used to make D. used to making 2. I have written a letter to my parents,but I haven't posted it . A. yet; already B. already； already C. already; yet D. yet; yet 3. --- Hey,guys! What are you going to do during the one-hour free time this afternoon? --- Well，we it in detail and now we know exactly what to do. A. plan B. are planning C. have planned D. will plan has succeeded have chosen 单元语法 针对训练 主题写作 单元写作要求 本单元以“过去和现在”为话题，谈论城市的变迁、社会的发展以及家乡的变化。在写作层面，要求学生写一篇文章，介绍家乡的变化，并适当表达自己的感受。 写作方法策略：如何写有关“家乡变化”的文章 写这类文章时，首先要确定四要素——体裁、时态、人称、结构。文章开篇要引出话题，简述家乡的变化情况；主体部分要正确运用现在完成时的相关知识，通过今昔对比，详述变化，结尾可以阐明变化的原因或表达个人感想，总结全文。 介绍 过去和现在 作文典例 主题写作 [2025江苏扬州期中] 随着社会的发展，我们的生活变得越来越好。学校英语角本周的主题是“Changes Around Us”。请你根据下列提示，从以下四个角度对比过去和现在的变化，并谈一谈自己对这些变化的看法。 要求： 表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； 必须包括所有相关信息，并作适当发挥； 词数100左右，开头已给出，不计人总词数。 Changes Around Us In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. .... 写作思路 主题写作 体 裁：说明文 时 态：一般现在时、一般过去时及现在完成时 人 称：以第一人称和第三人称为主 内容要点：身边的变化，包括学习、环境、交通、旅游方面 写作结构：总一分一总 结构 开头：开门见山，介绍身边发生了变化 中间：分别列举在不同方面过去到现在的变化 结尾：表达观点 … great changes have taken place … In the past … Now … used to … today… In addition In my opinion… I hope… 27 主题写作 Changes Around Us In the past few years, great changes have taken place around us. In the past, travelling abroad was nearly impossible for most people. Now, more people have chances to go abroad or travel online. Meanwhile, we used to ride bicycles or take slow buses, but today many people drive cars or take high-speed railways. At school, we do more reading, group work, and often share our ideas in class. In addition, we have become more aware of environmental protection by planting more trees and using less plastic. In my opinion, these changes have made our lives more convenient and meaningful. I hope we can continue to develop our world in a greener and smarter way. 书面表达 随着全球青少年之间的交流日益增加，一个主题为“I have changed a 1ot”的全球青少年交流沙龙即将在线上进行。你作为我国的青少年代表将进行发言。请你结合自己进人初中以来的变化，用英语写一篇发言稿。 内容包括: (1) the biggest changeyou've had (2) your story about what made you change (3) the things you've learnt from your story 要求：(1) 词数不少于80； (2) 文中不能出现真实的人名、校名。 针对训练 主题写作 参考范文 针对训练 主题写作 Good morning, everyone! I'm glad to share my story about changes. The biggest change I've had since entering junior high is becoming more confident. I used to be shy and afraid to speak in public. Once, my English teacher asked me to give a presentation. At first, I wanted to refuse, but she encouraged me, saying, “ You can do it！Just try. " I spent days preparing, practising in front of the mirror. When I stood on the stage, my hands were shaking but I took a deep breath and started. To my surprise, I finished successfully and even got applause. From this experience, I learnt that confidence comes from trying. Don't be afraid of challenges. Take a step forward, and you'll find yourself growing. Thank you! 一、根据语境、汉语提示,首字母提示或英文释义填空 1. The robots’dance Yangge Bot has both modern （技术）and Chinese culture. 2. Cars running on electricity are getting more （普遍的)，which is good for the environmental protection. 3. Unlike paper books,e-books are more (方便的). You can read them on a smartphone. 4. The 2025 World Games torch(火炬)“Bamboo Dream” has become a popular symbol worldwide, reflecting（反映）China's cultural (the ability of making new things). 5. China's CR450 bullet train can travel at a of 400 kilometers an hour. 6. Try to learn to be independent so that we can make a l on our own in the future. 7. In winter, many birds fly to the s part of China to get away from the cold weather. 8. The hospital offers free e programs to help patients understand their health conditions. 9. With the rapid d of AI,many people are used to chatting with smart robots. 10. Your spoken English will (certain) improve if you practice it every day. tech/ technology common convenient creativity speed living southern educational / education development certainly 综合训练 二、根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词 In a world where we mostly use keyboards instead of pens, ancient calligraphy seems far away for many people. But 1. r ，digital(数字的）technologyhas beenchangingthis, making the old art form popular again among people of all ages. Calligraphy is more than just writing-it carries the cultural 2. w of our ancestors (祖先). The steles（石碑）in Xi‘anBeilinMuseum，for example，holdmany precious（珍贵的）calligraphy works. These works are 3.e , clearly showing the skill of ancient artists. A guide there once called the steles “cultural hard drivers of the past”. 4. S the 2025 World Internet Conference Cultural Heritage Digitalization Forum, these steles have been turned into digital versions. Now, anyone can view them online easily, and this change has helped local 5.t . More people want to visit Xi’an to see the real steles. 综合训练 recently wealth excellent Since tourism 二、根据短文内容及首字母提示写出所缺单词，使短文意思完整，每空一词 Digital tech spreads calligraphy well, and the 6. k reason is its great accessibility(易使用）. It brings calligraphy to a wide 7. p , breaking the limits on distance. Many kids have 8.a tried digital calligraphy apps.They grow to love this art as they play with the apps, and some even fall in 9.l with it so much that they start practicing real handwriting with brushes and paper. Digital tech truly links past and 10. p ，letting ancient calligraphy shine brightly. 综合训练 key public already love present 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 If you feel like yesterday flew by, you're not wrong. For a number of 1. (reason), the Earth spinned (自转) a little faster on several days during the summer of 2025. The length of 2. day is well-known-it's 24 hours.That's the amount(数量)of time it takes the Earth to spin around 3. (complete). With 60 seconds in a minute,we have 86,400 seconds in a day. In recent years, there 4. (be) a number of fast days, when it takes the Earth less time to make a full spin. There are many things that affect the speed 5. the Earth's turning. The most important is the pull ofgravity(重力）from the Moon. 6. the Moon orbits（环绕）the Earth, sometimes it's closer and sometimes it's farther away. And the Moon's orbit 7. (it) doesn't stay in one position. 综合训练 reasons a completely have been of As itself 三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式 Other things, such as the Earth's atmosphere and major wind systems, can also affect the Earth's spin. It may be 8. (surprise),but the Earth's core,deep inside our planet, can also affect its speed. Despite our planet spinning slightly faster recently,in general, over 9. (million) of years, the Earth has actually been spinning more slowly. It usually loses a couple of milliseconds every hundred years or so. Scientists say that pattern (方式) is likely 10. (go) on. 综合训练 to go surprising millions THANKS 谢谢观看 八年级英语下册·译林版2024 $