Unit 1 Science and Scientists 词汇 +单元阅读 导学案-2025-2026学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第二册

该高中英语导学案聚焦选择性必修二Unit 1词汇与单元阅读，引导学生夯实词汇基础、掌握通过提问理解文章的阅读技能。课堂以“20世纪最伟大科学家及贡献”的问题导入，激发兴趣，词汇学习从连线热身、中英互译梳理到重点词搭配讲解与巩固练习，构建递进式学习支架，衔接阅读技能训练。 资料特色在于词汇分层训练与阅读提问策略结合，通过搭配拓展、语境翻译提升语言能力，以提问驱动深入思考培养思维品质，分层习题设计助力自主学习，有效落实学科核心素养，帮助学生高效掌握重点，提升综合语言运用能力。

选择性必修二Unit 1词汇+单元阅读 学习目标 基础知识：词汇讲解 夯实词汇基础，掌握重点词汇用法 阅读技能：通过提出问题来理解文章 阅读中能提出问题，便于更深入思考文章 综合能力训练 听力积累：短对话训练 提升听力理解能力 口语培养：短文朗读训练 锻炼口语表达能力 完形训练 增强完形解题方法 课堂引入 Who do you think is the greatest scientist in the 20th century and what contributions has she/he made to the world? Please express your ideas bravely and confidently!【备注】【建议】 本环节建议用英语口语进行交流，让学生自由充分地表达自己的想法或观点。 一、基础知识 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.词汇热身 连线 severe 数量多的；多种多样的 infection 怀疑，疑有；不信任 proof 使改观；使改变形态 multiple 把... 归咎于，责怪，指责 suspect 减少，降低；减少量 blame 极为恶劣的，十分严重的；严厉的 decrease 证据，证明；检验 transform 感染；传染 【备注】【目的】 选取词汇不多，难度不大，对学生词汇掌握情况的小检验。 2.单词梳理 词汇知多少：看看下面的单词你掌握了多少？ 英文 中文 英文 中文 severe frustrated contradictory infection infect germ subscribe proof multiple pump household suspect blame handle intervention link raw pure substantial decrease statistic transform thinking protein cell virus finding initial framework solid cast shadow pour concrete mechanic defend assistant leadership trace outstanding gifted abstract steady concept besides brilliant fault shift vivid furthermore 【备注】【答案】 英文 中文 英文 中文 severe adj. 极为恶劣的，十分严重的；严厉的 frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的 infection n. 感染；传染 infect vt. 使感染；传染 germ n. 微生物；细菌，病菌 subscribe vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购； 定期交纳（会费） proof n. 证据，证明；检验 adj. 数量多的； multiple 多种多样的 pump n. 泵；抽水机；打气筒 household n. 一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 suspect vt.&vi. 怀疑，疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 blame vt. 把... 归咎于，责怪， 指责 n. 责备，指责 handle n. 把手，拉手，柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等） intervention n. 介入，出面，干涉 link n. 联系，纽带 vt. 把... 连接起来； 相关联 raw adj. 未煮的，生的； 未经处理的；原始的 pure adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 decrease n. 减少，降低；减少量 vt.&vi. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 statistic n. 统计数字，统计资料，统计学 transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变，转变 thinking n. 思想，思维；见解 protein n. 蛋白质 cell n. 细胞；小房间；单间牢房 virus n. 病毒 finding n. 发现；调查结果； （法律）判决 initial adj. 最初的，开始的；第一的 framework n. 框架，结构 solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 cast vt. 投射；向... 投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 shadow n. 阴影；影子；背光处 pour vt. 倒出，倾泻；斟（饮料） concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的；确实的；具体的 mechanic adj. 机械师， 机械修理工 defend vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 assistant n. 助理，助手 leadership n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 trace vt. 追溯，追踪；查出 n. 痕迹，遗迹，踪迹 outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的；明显的 有天赋的 有天才 抽象的；理性的 gifted adj. 的，天资聪慧的 abstract adj. n. 摘要 steady adj. 稳定的，平稳的，稳步的 concept n. 概念，观念 besides prep. 除... 之外（还） adv. 而且，此外 brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 fault n. 弱点；过错 shift n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动；转向 vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明的；丰富的 furthermore adv. 此外，再者 3.单词讲解 infection [ɪnˈfekʃn] n. 感染；传染 【搭配】 spread an infection 传染疾病 increase the risk of infection 增加传染的危险 【练】她的耳朵感染可能是由泳池脏水中的细菌引起。 may have been caused by the bacteria in the dirty pool water. Her ear infection 【拓展】 infect vt. 使感染；传染 infected adj. 受感染的（be infected with 被感染...） infectious adj. 传染性的，有传染力的 subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 【搭配】subscribe to sth. 同意，赞成；订阅 【练】仅有几个专家认同金融危机将持续三年以上这个观点。 subscribe to Just a few experts 【拓展】 the idea that the financial crisis will last for more than three years. subscription n. 订阅，订购；会员费（的交纳） subscriber n. 订阅人，订购者 proof [pruːf] n. 证据，证明；检验 【搭配】 There is a proof that... 有 证 据 证 明 ... There is no proof that... 没有证据证明... 【练】有证据表明这两起事故是紧密相连的，这必须引起注意。 that the two accidents are closely linked, which must call for attention. There is a proof 【拓展】prove v. 证据，证明 suspect [səˈspekt] vt.&vi. 怀疑，疑有；不信任 [ˈsʌspekt] n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【搭配】 suspect sb. of(doing) sth. 怀疑某人（做过）某事 suspect one's motives 怀疑某人的动机 begin to suspect 开始觉察出 【练】你怀疑是谁偷了钱包？ Who do you suspect of having stolen the wallet? 【拓展】suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑 blame [bleɪm] vt. 把... 归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责备，指责 【搭配】 sb. be to blame for sth. 某人应为某事受责备，某人应为某事负责 blame sb. for(doing) sth. 责备某人（做过）某事 blame sth. on sb./sth. 把... 归咎于... only have oneself to blame 只能怪你自己 【练】妈妈不知道应该责怪谁打碎了窗户，因为事情发生的时候她出门了。 The mother didn't know or the broken window as it happened when she was out. who to blame link [lɪŋk] n. 联系，纽带 vt. 把... 连接起来；相关联 【搭配】 a link between... and... ... 和... 之间的联系 be linked to 与... 有联系，与... 有关联 be linked by 用/通过... 相连 【练】饮食和心脏病之间有直接的联系。 between diet and heart disease. There's a direct link decrease [ˈdiːkriːs] n. 减少，降低；减少量 [dɪˈkriːs] vt.&vi. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 【搭配】 decrease(from...) to... （从... ）降低/减少到... decrease by 降低/减少了... 【练】中年人应该多吃蔬菜少吃肉，以此来降低患高血压的风险。 Middle-aged people should take more vegetables and less meat in order to pressure. decrease the risk of 【拓展】increase v. 增长，增加，增多 high blood transform [trænsˈfɔːm] vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变，转变 【搭配】 transform... into... 把... 转变成 transform into... 转变成... 【练】随着中国转换成市场经济，政府不再分配工作、食物或城市居民的免费住房。 As China transformed into urban residents. a market economy, the government no longer assigned jobs, food or free housing to 【拓展】transformation n. 变化，改观，转变，改革 cast [kɑːst] vt. 投射；向... 投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 【搭配】 cast a shadow on... 在... 上投下影子；给... 蒙上一层阴影 cast a shadow over... 给... 蒙上一层阴影 be cast down by sth. （因某事）沮丧，不愉快 cast one's eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥，匆匆查看，粗略地看一看 cast doubt on... 对... 产生质疑 cast light on 使... 清楚，使人了解 【练】新的证据使人们对这个犯罪入狱的男子是否有罪产生了怀疑。 New evidence the guilt of the man jailed for the crime. has cast doubt on shadow [ˈʃædəʊ] n. 阴影；影子；背光处 【搭配】 in shadow/in the shadows 在暗处，在背光处 in/under the shadow of... 在... 近旁 【练】在昏暗的光线下，桌上的蜡烛在墙上投下了一个巨大的跳舞的影子。 In the dim light, the candle on the table threw a huge dancing shadow against the wall. defend [dɪˈfend] vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 【搭配】 defend... against/from... 保护... 免受... defend oneself 为自己辩解 【练】一旦感染HIV，身体就不能保护自己免受疾病的侵袭了。 Once infected with HIV, the body is unable to defend itself against diseases . 【拓展】defense n. 防御，防卫 assistant [əˈsɪstənt] n. 助理，助手 【练】老板想要一个懂法语，并有工作经验的助理。 The boss wanted an assistant with 【拓展】 assist v. 帮助，援助 a knowledge of French and working experience. assist sb. with/in(doing) sth. 在（做）某事上帮助某人 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 assistance n. 协助，援助 gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的；具有 【搭配】be gifted with 具有，带有 【练】我从不认为自己是一个极有天赋的学生，但是我尽了我最大的努力。 I never considered myself to be an extremely gifted 【拓展】gift n. 天赋，天才，才能；礼物 have a gift for sth. 对…有天赋 student, but I tried my best. fault [fɔːlt] n. 弱点；过错 【搭配】 at fault 有责任，负责任 blind to one's faults 对缺点视而不见for all one's faults 虽然有很多缺点find fault with 找茬儿，挑错，挑剔 【练】我和彼得的关系破裂了，因为他总是找我的茬。 I broke my relationship with Peter because he always found fault with me . 【拓展】 faulty adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的；不完美的 faultless adj. 完美无缺的，没有错误的 shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动；转向 【搭配】 shift from... to... 从... 转移到... shift for oneself 自立，独立谋生 be on the day/night shift 上白班/夜班 【练】 （1） 他把目光从孩子身上移到她身上。 He his gaze from the child to her . shifted （2） 她把身体的重量从一只脚换到另一只脚上。 She shifted her weight from one foot to the other . 【拓展】shifty adj. 狡诈的，鬼鬼祟祟的，看着不可靠的 4. 单词练习 英汉互译 1.英文 中文 英文 中文 adj. 极为恶劣的，十分 严重的；严厉的 frustrated contradictory n. 感染；传染 infect germ vi. 认购（股份）； 定期订购； 定期交纳（会费） n. 证据，证明；检验 multiple pump n. 一家人；家庭；同住 一所（套）房子的人 suspect vt. 把……归咎于， 责怪，指责 n. 责备，指责 n. 把手，拉手，柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵 （车辆、动物、工具等） intervention link substantial n. 减少，降低；减少量 vt.&vi. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 statistic transform n. 思想，思维；见解 protein finding adj. 最初的，开始的；第 一的 framework solid vt. 投射；向……投以 （视线、笑容等）； 投掷 n. 阴影；影子；背光处 vt. 倒出，倾泻；斟（饮 料） concrete mechanic vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 assistant leadership vt. 追溯，追踪；查出 n. 痕迹，遗迹，踪迹 adj. 优秀的，杰出的；明 显的 adj. 有天赋的，有天才 的，天资聪慧的 adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. 摘要 steady concept prep. 除……之外（还） adv. 而且，此外 brilliant n. 弱点；过错 n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动； 转向 vivid futhermore 【答案】 英文 中文 英文 中文 severe adj. 极为恶劣的， 十分严重的； 严厉的 frustrated adj. 懊恼的，沮丧的，失意的 contradictory adj. 相互矛盾的， 对立的，不一致的 infection n. 感染；传染 infect vt. 使感染；传染 germ n. 微生物；细菌， 病菌 subscribe vi. 认购（股份）； 定期订购； 定期交纳（会费） proof n. 证据，证明； 检验 multiple adj. 数量多的； 多种多样的 pump n. 泵；抽水机； 打气筒 household n. 一家人；家庭； 同住一所（套）房 子的人 suspect vt.&vi. 怀疑，疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人； 可疑对象 blame vt. 把……归咎于， 责怪，指责 n. 责备，指责 handle n. 把手，拉手，柄vt. 处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、 工具等） intervention n. 介入，出面， 干涉 link n. 联系，纽带 vt. 把……连接起来；相关联 substantial adj. 大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 decrease n. 减少，降低； 减少量 vt.&vi. （使大小、数量等）减少，减 小，降低 statistic n. 统计数字，统计资料，统计学 transform vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变，转变 thinking n. 思想，思维； 见解 protein n. 蛋白质 finding n. 发现；调查结 果；（法律）判决 initial adj. 最初的，开始 的；第一的 framework n. 框架，结构 solid adj. 可靠的；固体的；坚实的 n. 固体 cast vt. 投射；向……投 以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 shadow n. 阴影；影子； 背光处 pour vt. 倒出，倾泻； 斟（饮料） concrete n. 混凝土 adj. 混凝土制的； 确实的；具体的 mechanic adj. 机械师， 机械修理工 defend vt. 保卫，防守； 辩解 assistant n. 助理，助手 leadership n. 领导；领导地 位；领导才能 trace vt. 追溯，追踪； 查出 n. 痕迹，遗迹， 踪迹 outstanding adj. 优秀的，杰出的；明显的 gifted adj. 有天赋的， 有天才的， 天资聪慧的 abstract adj. 抽象的； 理性的 n. 摘要 steady adj. 稳定的，平稳 的，稳步的 concept n. 概念，观念 besides prep. 除……之外 （还） adv. 而且，此外 brilliant adj. 聪颖的；绝妙的；明亮的 fault n. 弱点；过错 shift n. 改变；转换； 轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪 动；转向 vivid adj. 生动的；鲜明 的；丰富的 futhermore adv. 此外，再者 【标注】【题型】单词、短语翻译 单词拓展 以下练习为词性转换，一定要注意平时的词汇积累 2. 以下练习为词性转换，一定要注意平时的词汇积累 ① adv. 严重地；严厉地→ adj. 极为恶劣的，十分严重的；严厉的 ② v. 反驳，驳斥→ adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的 13 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ③ vt. 使感染；传染→ n. 感染；传染 ④ n. 订阅，订购→ vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） ⑤ v. 证据，证明→ n. 证据，证明；检验 ⑥ n. 怀疑，嫌疑→ vt.&vi. 怀疑，疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ⑦ n. 搬运工，操作者；驯兽员→ n. 把手，拉手，柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵 ⑧ v. 增长，增加，增多→ n. & vt. & vi. 减少，减小，降低 ⑨ n. 变化，改观，转变，改革→ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变，转变 ⑩ n. 防御，防卫→ vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 ⑪ v. 帮助，援助→ n. 助理，助手 ⑪ n. 天赋，天才，才能→ adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的 ⑬ adv. 抽象地→ adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. 摘要 ⑭ adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的→ n. 弱点；过错 ⑮ adj. 狡诈的，鬼鬼祟祟的→ n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动；转向 ⑯ v. 成倍增加；乘以→ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 ⑰ v. 出面，介入→ n. 介入，出面，干涉 ⑱ n. 纯洁；纯净；纯粹→ adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 ⑲ adv. 开始，最初，起初→ adj. 最初的，开始的；第一的 ⑳ n. 领导者，领袖，首领→ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 【备注】【建议】词性转换的练习，有助于语法填空中的词汇积累。 【答案】①severely, severe ②contradict, contradictory ③infect, infection ④subscription, subscribe ⑤prove, proof ⑥suspicion, suspect ⑦handler, handle ⑧increase, decrease 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 3. ①What made you （怀疑）her of taking the money? ⑨transformation, transform ⑩defense, defend ⑪assist, assistant ⑫gift, gifted ⑬abstractly, abstract ⑭faulty, fault ⑮shifty, shift ⑯multiply, multiple ⑰intervene, intervention ⑱purity, pure ⑲initially, initial ⑳leader, leadership 【标注】【知识点】词性转换 ②His plans were （变成）into reality over night. ③You should （订阅） to trade magazines to learn more about your business. ④Linda shouldn't be to （责备） because it is Jack who broke the window. ⑤The storm caused （严重的） damage to the coastal areas. ⑥Only about half the i settlers made it through the first year. ⑦The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen s . ⑧He c a stone against the window. ⑨Black people joined together to d their rights. ⑩You are a g student who always gets As in exams. 【答案】①suspect ②transformed 15 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 5. ③subscribe ④blame ⑤severe ⑥initial ⑦solid ⑧cast ⑨defend ⑩gifted 【标注】【题型】根据提示填空；首字母填空 短语梳理 短语知多少：看看下面的短语你掌握了多少？ 英文 中文 英文 中文 once and for all subscribe to thanks to break out in charge of come down above all used to die from/of lose one's desire to do sth. in general be determined to do be to blame be familiar with have a... impact on as a result of be likely to do sth. get down to doing switch... to... discourage sb. from doing sth. take on trace back to 【备注】【答案】 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 英文 中文 英文 中文 once and for all 最终地，彻底地 subscribe to 同意，赞同 thanks to 幸亏，由于 break out 突然开始，爆发 in charge of 主管，掌管 come down 患（病）， 染上（小病） above all 最重要的是，尤其是 used to 过去常常 die from/of 死于 lose one's desire to do sth. 失去做某事的欲望 in general 总体上，大体上 be determined to do 决心做某事 be to blame ... 应该受到责备 be familiar with 熟悉... have a... impact on 对... 产生影响 as a result of 作为... 的结果 be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 get down to doing 开始认真做某事， 着手做某事 switch... to... 将... 转换为... discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止/劝阻某人做某事 take on 接受... 的挑战；承担 trace back to 追溯到 6.短语讲解 once and for all once and for all 最终地，彻底地 【练习】我们需要把这事一次解决。 We need to settle this once and for all . 【拓展】once 短语 at once 立即，马上 all at once 突然，忽然；一起，同时 once in a while 偶尔地，间或 once upon a time 从前，很久以前 thanks to thanks to 幸亏，由于 【练习】多亏了电子邮件，我们能够在数秒之内发送一封信到世界各地。 electronic mail, we can send a letter around the world in seconds today. Thanks to 【辨析】thanks to, thanks for thanks to 意为“幸亏，由于”，to 强调要表示感谢的对象，后接名词，其中 thanks 不可以改成 thank you。thanks for 意为“因某人做了某事而感谢”，后接名词或 v-ing形式，for 强调为何而感谢，其中 thanks 可以改为 thank you。 break out break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始，爆发 【练习】一场争吵发生了，导致了他脱离了他的家庭。 A quarrel broke out , which made him break away from his family. 【拓展】break 短语 break away from 脱离，背叛；突然挣脱，逃脱 break down 出故障；垮掉；打倒，砸破 break in 强行进入，破门而入 break into 强行进入；突然开始 break through 取得突破；冲破，突破 in charge of in charge of 主管，掌管 in the charge of 由... 主管/掌管 【练习】你知道现在是谁接替了John来管理公司吗？ Who do you know has replaced John and is in charge of 【拓展】charge 短语 have/take charge of 主管，掌管 in charge 主管，负责 the company now? come down come down(with...) 患（病），染上（小病） 【练习】你不可能突然感冒，我想你只是不想参加。 come down with You could not have all of a sudden 【拓展】down 短语 turn down 拒绝；调小，降低 calm down 冷静，安静下来 a cold—I assume that you just do not want to attend. die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息，逐渐暗淡 settle down 定居，安定下来；平定下来，平静下来 set down 写下，记下；制订，规定 discourage sb. from doing sth. discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止/劝阻某人做某事 【练习】他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。 His parents tried to discourage him from being an actor . 【拓展】阻止某人做某事 stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth. 7. 短语练习 英汉互译 4.英文 中文 英文 中文 once and for all 同意，赞同 幸亏，由于 break out 主管，掌管 come down above all 过去常常 死于 lose one's desire to do st h. in general 决心做某事 … 应该受到责备 be familiar with have a… impact on 作为……的结果 有可能做某事 get down to doing switch… to… 阻止/劝阻某人做某事 take on trace back to 【答案】英文 中文 英文 中文 once and for all 最终地，彻底地 subscribe to 同意，赞同 thanks to 幸亏，由于 break out 突然开始，爆发 in charge of 主管，掌管 come down 患（病）， 染上（小病） above all 最重要的是，尤其是 used to 过去常常 die from/of 死于 lose one's desire to do sth. 失去做某事的欲望 in general 总体上，大体上 be determined to do 决心做某事 be to blame … 应该受到责备 be familiar with 熟悉… have a… impact on 对……产生影响 as a result of 作为……的结果 be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事 get down to doing 开始认真做某事， 着手做某事 switch… to… 将……转换为… discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止/劝阻某人做 某事 take on 接受……的挑战， 承担 trace back to 追溯到 【标注】【题型】单词、短语翻译 选词填空 5.once and for all thanks to break out in charge of come down used to be determined to do discourage sb. from doing ①I'll be the whole company when the manager is away next week. ②My daughter like chocolates, but now she likes fruits. ③John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has a bad cold. ④Once he is to do that, no one can stop him. ⑤ his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. ⑥A single failure him trying again. ⑦This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving . ⑧A fire in this forest ten years ago. 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】①in charge of ②used to ③come down with ④determined ⑤Thanks to ⑥discouraged, from ⑦once and for all ⑧broke out 【标注】【题型】选词/词组填空 单选 6. He is one of the headmasters the school work. A. in charge of B. in the charge of C. in charge for D. in the charge for 【答案】A 【解析】考查固定搭配。in charge of "主管，负责，照料" ；in the charge of "受……的管理" ；没有in charge for和in the charge for这样的搭配。根据句意 "他是负责学校事务的校长之一" 。故答案选A。 【标注】【知识点】介词短语及其辨析 7. Do you think a war is likely to between the two countries? It must be terrible for people. A. break out B. break down C. break up D. break off 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。break out 突然发生，爆发；break down 损坏，发生故障；break up 结束；break off 停止，断交。将四个选项代入句子中，根据句意：你认为这两个国家之间 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 8. The murderer was eventually caught the help of Mr. Su who sent a report. 会爆发战争吗？这对人们来说一定很可怕。A项 break out 符合语境，故答案为：A。 【标注】【知识点】动词短语的辨析 A. according to B. thanks for C. as a result D. thanks to 【答案】D 【解析】考查介词短语辨析。根据句意：多亏苏先生的报告才最终将谋杀者抓捕归案。可知，应用 thank to 意为 "多亏，由于" 。according to 依据，根据；thanks for 感谢；as a result 因此。故选D。 【标注】【知识点】介词短语及其辨析 9. After that, I avoided his presence, as I felt he was becoming too me. A. popular with B. similar to C. known to D. familiar with 【答案】D 【解析】【命题意图】考查形容词。 【解题思路】句意：在那之后，我避免他出现，因为我感觉他变得太了解我了，popular with 受欢迎，similar to与......相似，与 相同， known to已 知的，为所熟知，很了解， familiar with熟悉。根据句意只能选择C，意为太了解。 【易错点拨】此题易误选D，familiar with意思是熟悉大体情况，known to是说很了解某个人， 更深入一些。 【标注】【知识点】形容词短语及其辨析 8.词汇巩固 单选 10. He has for language, while his sister is a pianist. A. gift; gifted B. a gift; gifted C. a present, gifted D. a gift; gift 【答案】B 【解析】 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 11. All the policemen have been trained to themselves against the sudden attacks. 考查 gift 用法。句意：他有语言天赋，而他妹妹是一位有天赋的钢琴家。固定搭配：have a gift for sth. 对……有天赋；修饰名词 pianist 应用形容词 gifted 有才华的。故选B。 【标注】【知识点】固定搭配；形容词作定语 A. fight B. dress C. defend D. balance 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词词义辨析及动词短语。句意：所有的警察都已经被训练保护自己不受突然攻击的伤害。A. fight斗争；B. dress打扮；C. defend保护；防守；D. balance平衡；动词短语def end sb against sth意为 "保护某人免受……的伤害" ，符合本句上下文语境。故C项正确。 【标注】【知识点】实义动词辨析 12. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own , which follows everywhere you go when there is light. A. shade B. shadow C. figure D. sculpture 【答案】B 【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：你居然害怕自己的影子，这太可笑了，因为只要有光它就会随时跟着你。shadow影子；shade阴凉处；figure人物，数字；sculpture雕塑。 【标注】【知识点】名词词义辨析 13. The farmers were when they saw their fish dead as a result of the pollution. A. cast down B. broke down C. calmed down D. settled down 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。农民们在看到他们的鱼因污染而死亡时很沮丧。cast down意为 "使沮丧" ，符合句意。break down意为 "（机器）损坏、破坏" ；calm down意为 "（使）平静下来、（使）镇定下来" ；settle down意为 "定居、平静下来、专心于" 。 【标注】【知识点】动词短语的辨析 23 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 14. Life can be tough sometimes, but the elderly always tell us that we can the bad into the good with efforts and wisdom. A. transform B. transfer C. transport D. exchange 【答案】A 【解析】考查动词辨析。A.transform改变，转换；B.transfer转让，转移；C.transport运输；D.exchange交换。transform…into…固定搭配，意为 "把……转变为……" 。句意：生活有时会很艰难，但是老一辈人总是告诉我们，我们可以用努力和智慧让艰难的生活变好。故答案为A。 【标注】【知识点】实义动词辨析 15. The North' s share of the world' s energy consumption （消耗） is expected to from 70% to 60%. A. increase B. decrease C. contain D. affect 【答案】B 【解析】考查动词词义辨析。increase上升；decrease下降；contain包含；affect影响。根据从70%到 60%可知选B。 【标注】【知识点】实义动词辨析 16. Who for the pollution of our earth? A. should blame B. is to blame C. is blame D. is to be blame B 考查被动语态。句意：谁应该为我们地球的污染受到责备？根据句意可知 who 与 blame 之间是被动关系，blame 的不定式结构没有被动结构，be to blame 表示将被责备。故答案为 B。 【知识点】一般将来时的被动语态 17. You can to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. A. relay B. subscribe C. boycott D. enforce 24 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 用所给词的正确形式填空 B 考查动词辨析。你可以以每年最少$32的价钱订阅这个杂志。订阅为subscribe。故选B。 【知识点】动词短语的辨析 18. Drunk driving should be （severe）punished. severely 考查词形转换。句意：醉酒驾车应受严惩。根据句子结构可知，此处要用副词修饰动词 【知识点】拼写；形容词与副词的转换 19. The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for （prove）when legal documents are used. 【答案】proof 【解析】考查词性转换。句意：签署者和接收者之间的视频交流可以被录制在DVD上作为合法文件被使用时的证据。介词for后跟名词作宾语。proof "证据" ，是prove的名词形式。 【标注】【知识点】名词与动词的转换 20. The couple think that their parents are （blame）for the spoiled child. to blame 考查固定用法。句意为：这对夫妇认为他们的父母应该因为溺爱孩子受到责备。固定句式：be + to blame，受到责备。故答案为to blame。 【知识点】固定搭配 21. As far as I'm concerned, it was this event that (transform) my life. 25 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 22. The teacher said that he would like to choose an （assist）among us. 【 transformed 考查动词时态。句意：就我而言，正是这件事改变了我的生活。分析句子结构可知，设空处充当谓语，由was可知用一般过去时，故填transformed。 【知识点】表过去 assistant 考查名词。句意：老师说他想在我们中间选一个助手。根据句意以及不定冠词an的提示可知使用名词形式。assistant，名词， "助手" 。故答案为：assistant。 【词汇】assistant 23. She was a （gift）student, and she went to university at 15. gifted 考查形容词。提示词gift是名词，天赋、礼物的意思，这里用来修饰名词student，需要一个形容词，所以变为gifted（有天赋的）。 【知识点】名词与形容词的转换；形容词作前置定语 翻译 24. 翻译 这起森林大火谁也不能怪。（blame v.） Nobody is to blame for the forest fire./Nobody should be blamed for the forest fire. 26 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 【答案】Please tell me your reasons why (that) you shifted from one tense to another in the sentences in your composition. 【解析】 25. 翻译句子 考查动词blame的用法。根据句意及提示词可知，此处使用固定短语：be to blame for sth. （对某事应负责任）或be blamed for sth.（因某事而受到责备），句子描述的是目前的情况，应使用一般现在时或情态动词should。结合其它汉语提示，故翻译为Nobody is to blame for the forest fire.或Nobody should be blamed for the forest fire. 【知识点】should；一般现在时表习惯、状态、真理等 （ 1 ） 没有证据证明受过良好教育的孩子将来就一定会成为非常成功的人。（proof） （ 1 ） There is no proof that children with good education/children who receive good education/well-educated children can surely be/are certain to be very successful people in the future. 【知识点】高考常考词汇与句型；否定词及表否定意义的词倒装 26. 翻译 请告诉我你在作文里把句中的时态变来变去的理由。(shift) 主句 从句 主语 （你） 你 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 谓语动词 告诉 你 宾语 我；理由 状语 在作文里的句中；从一种时态到另一种时态 27. 翻译 提示：(1) why (that) 引导的名词性从句和 "理由" 是同位语。 (2) "把句中的时态变来变去" 用shift，是不及物动词，不同于change的用法。 【标注】【知识点】同位语从句 我的助理将在我不在的时候负责这个部门。（in charge of） 【答案】My assistant will be in charge of the department in my absence. 【解析】考查句式翻译。由句意可知，本句用一般将来时态。in charge of负责。in one's absence在某人不在的时候。故答案为：My assistant will be in charge of the department in my absence. 【标注】【知识点】固定搭配；一般将来时 28. 翻译 多亏了所有帮助我的人，我才得以按时完成这项紧急任务。（thanks to） Thanks to all the people who helped me, I was able to finish the urgent task on time. 28 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 9. 考查定语从句。thanks to意为 "多亏了，幸亏" ，其后接名词或代词；故后面的 "帮助我的人" 需用定语从句表述，可表述为 "the people who helped me" ；根据后半句的中文表述可知 "我完成这项紧急任务" 描述的是过去发生的事情，用一般过去时。 "得以" 可用 "be able to" ， "紧急任务" 为 urgent task； "按时" 为 on time。故答案为 Thanks to all the people w ho helped me, I was able to finish the urgent task on time。 【知识点】限制性定语从句；固定搭配；一般过去时 句子梳理 请根据提示或所给句子的关键词进行仿写，或直接翻译（以下句子皆选自本单元） （1） They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.（被动语态仿写） 截止到去年年底为止，我们这座城市又建成了一个新的医院。 By the end of last year, another new hospital had been completed in our city. （2） Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.（“have sth. done” 结构仿写） 截止到警察到的时候，餐厅老板已经让人把被打坏的桌子替换掉了。 By the time the police arrived, the restaurant owner had had the broken tables replaced. （3） ） The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.（比较级句型仿写） 这个实验比我们预想的要更加困难。 The experiment was more difficult than we had expected. （ 4 ） When asked "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?", his reply was a determined "Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make."（“连词+过去分词”作状语仿写） 到现在为止，她几乎没说什么，只有别人跟她说话时她才会作出回应。 She had said little so far, responding only when spoken to. （ 5 ） However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.（主语从句仿写） 我渴望知道的是我们什么时候可以摘下口罩。 What I am anxious to know is when we can take off masks. 【备注】【目的】 选取本单元课文中的句子，结合语法知识对课文句子进行翻译或仿写，体会语法知识在写作部分的运用。 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 10.课文语法填空 29. John Snow, a British doctor, was ① （determine）to overcome cholera—a deadly disease of its day once and for all. ② （million） of people died every time there was an outbreak of cholera. It was not knowing the cause of it that Snow got ③ （ frustrate ） and never lost his desire ④ （defeat） cholera. In those days, there were two theories ⑤ （explain） how cholera spread and killed people. And Snow ⑥ （ subscribe） the second theory that people got infected from germs in food or water. Therefore, during another breakout of cholera in 1854, he got ready to test the two theories. With the help of the map he made, he got a ⑦ （value）clue about the cause of the disease. Finally, he was able to announce that the water was ⑧ （blame）. Thanks to what John Snow had done, the threat of cholera around the world ⑨ （ great） decreased. Moreover, Snow ⑩ （transformation） the way scientists study diseases by using maps and statistics. 【备注】【改编角度】 结合课文及语法填空的出题点改编。 【答案】①determined ②Millions ③frustrated ④to defeat ⑤explaining ⑥subscribed to ⑦valuable ⑧to blame ⑨greatly ⑩transformed 【标注】【题型】语法填空 二、 阅读理解1. 阅读技能 Ask questions: One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic. Ask questions（提出问题）理解一篇文章的一种方法是提出问题。提问可以帮助你理解文章内容，可以 帮助你更深入地思考文章主题。 阅读文章的过程中，针对文章或段落或细节提出相应的问题，有助于获取细节信息，理解文章大意、结构及写作意图，例如，可以提出如下问题来帮助理解文章：what, who, when, where, why, how(...), what is the structure/purpose of the article? 等。【备注】【建议】 建议学生在平时课外的阅读过程中，运用我们在课堂上学习的阅读技能，这样，才能将阅读的方法和技能逐步运用到学习中。 2.技能运用 30. You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it's likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life. The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Your being values are the character traits（痕迹，特征）of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment（承诺）to live by. Examples of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model, mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose. Your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. They are what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life. When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, have a deep thinking, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power. When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you strengthen your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you. （ 1 ） The main purpose of this passage is to . A. persuade the readers to make a commitment B. explain to the readers what personal values are C. inform the readers how to be truly happy D. instruct the readers how to make wise choices （ 2 ） The underlined word "void" in Paragraph I means . A. a feeling of emptiness B. an absence of one's mind C. a break of consciousness D. a state of confusion （ 3 ） From the passage we can infer that . A. having values are better than being values B. a calm person does not choose to complain C. the way other people think of you decides who you are D. a responsible person does not care about financial security （ 1 ） C （ 2 ） A （ 3 ） B （ 1 ） 写作目的题。根据文章第一段第一句You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. 可知本文主要讲述的是如果我们要想幸福，就要在奉献和接受之间取得一个平衡。因此想告诉读者如何才能真正幸福。故选C。 （ 2 ） 词义猜测题。根据本句When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life. 可 知 ， 当你总是在接受，你永远都不会满足，总是在寻找方法来填平你心里的不满足的状态。由此可知划线词义为 "空虚" ，故选A。 （ 3 ） 推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段第三句A calm person might go for a walk, have a deep thinking, or set a time limit before responding. 可知真正平静的人在做出回应之前是要仔细考虑的。因此可推知一个冷静的人不会选择抱怨。故选B。 【文体】议论文 【题型话题】社会类 【考纲话题】做人与做事 运用上面所学的阅读技能，完成相关的练习，并说说你答题的过程。词汇积累英文 中文 英文 中文 balance burn out upset fulfill break up into commitment inspirational peaceful positive master achievement financial security conscious reactionary respond strengthen belief 句式仿写 （1） If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it's likely you will burn out, or feel upset. it's likely that...，意为“很可能...”，其中 that 引导主语从句作真正的主语，it 为形式主语 33 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 今晚很可能会有暴风雪袭击这个区域。 It's likely that a snowstorm will strike this area tonight. （2） ） The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. to create...，to do 作定语修饰 the way 学生们一直盼望有一个去探索社会，获得真正生活体验的机会。 The students are looking forward to having an opportunity to explore society for real-life experience. （3） When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. rather than，意为“而不是...”，前后引导两个并列成分你能为了成功而努力工作而不是做白日梦吗？ Can you work hard for success rather than daydream about it? （ 4 ） When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you strengthen your chosen beliefs. not only..., but also...，意为“不仅...，而且...”，其中 but also 可以省略他迟到不仅是因为他病了，而且还因为他没赶上火车。 He was late not only because of his illness but also because he missed the train. 3.技能提升 31. If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple— eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time. The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory—where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV—where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, "Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start." Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, "This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful." （ 1 ） According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who A. has the same taste as them B. advertises his products on TV C. reduces the price of his products D. pays attention to the quality of his products （ 2 ） The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that . A. food plays an important role in earning people' s trust B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them C. people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn more D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV （ 3 ） What can be inferred from the passage? A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other. B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things. C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers. D. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them. （ 4 ） Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end. C. Birds of a feather flock together. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. （ 1 ） A （ 2 ） A （ 3 ） A （ 4 ） C 这是一篇议论文，主要讲述了研究表明，吃相似食物的人更容易互相信任。 细节理解题。根据第二段第二句的 "And shoppers were much more likely to buy a pro duct advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time." 可知顾客很可能从和他们有相同品味的经销商那里购买产品。故答案为A。 （ 2 ） 推理判断题。根据第三段第三句的 "Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust." 可知，芝加哥大学的研究人员进行的实验表明，食物在赢得人们的信任方面扮演着重要的角色。故答案为A。 （ 3 ） 推理判断题。根据第二段第二句的 "Psychologists have discovered managers…trust u s if we choose the same dishes as them." 和第三段第三句的 "Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series…earning trust." 可知，吃相似食物的人更容易互相信任。故答案为A。 （ 4 ） 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的内容是研究表明，吃相似食物的人更容易互相信任。C选项，表达 "物以类聚，人以群分" ，可以作为相似性吸引理论的例子。故答案为C。 【标注】【文体】议论文 【题型话题】社会类 【考纲话题】人际关系与社会交往 42 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 选择性必修二Unit 1词汇+单元阅读 学习目标 基础知识：词汇讲解 夯实词汇基础，掌握重点词汇用法 阅读技能：通过提出问题来理解文章 阅读中能提出问题，便于更深入思考文章 听力积累：短对话训练 提升听力理解能力 口语培养：短文朗读训练 锻炼口语表达能力 完形训练 增强完形解题方法 课堂引入 Who do you think is the greatest scientist in the 20th century and what contributions has she/he made to the world? Please express your ideas bravely and confidently! 一、基础知识 1.词汇热身 连线 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 severe 数量多的；多种多样的 infection 怀疑，疑有；不信任 proof 使改观；使改变形态 multiple 把... 归咎于，责怪，指责 suspect 减少，降低；减少量 blame 极为恶劣的，十分严重的；严厉的 decrease 证据，证明；检验 transform 感染；传染 2.单词梳理 词汇知多少：看看下面的单词你掌握了多少？ 英文 中文 英文 中文 severe frustrated contradictory infection infect germ subscribe proof multiple pump household suspect blame handle intervention link raw pure substantial decrease statistic transform thinking protein cell virus finding initial framework solid cast shadow pour concrete mechanic defend assistant leadership trace outstanding gifted abstract steady concept besides brilliant fault shift vivid furthermore 3.单词讲解 infection [ɪnˈfekʃn] n. 感染；传染 【搭配】 spread an infection 传染疾病 increase the risk of infection 增加传染的危险 【练】她的耳朵感染可能是由泳池脏水中的细菌引起。 may have been caused by the bacteria in the dirty pool water. 【拓展】 infect vt. 使感染；传染 infected adj. 受感染的（be infected with 被感染...） infectious adj. 传染性的，有传染力的 subscribe [səbˈskraɪb] vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 【搭配】subscribe to sth. 同意，赞成；订阅 【练】仅有几个专家认同金融危机将持续三年以上这个观点。 Just a few experts the idea that the financial crisis will last for more than three years. 【拓展】 subscription n. 订阅，订购；会员费（的交纳） subscriber n. 订阅人，订购者 proof [pruːf] n. 证据，证明；检验 【搭配】 There is a proof that... 有 证 据 证 明 ... There is no proof that... 没有证据证明... 【练】有证据表明这两起事故是紧密相连的，这必须引起注意。 that the two accidents are closely linked, which must call for attention. 【拓展】prove v. 证据，证明 suspect [səˈspekt] vt.&vi. 怀疑，疑有；不信任 [ˈsʌspekt] n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 【搭配】 suspect sb. of(doing) sth. 怀疑某人（做过）某事 suspect one's motives 怀疑某人的动机 begin to suspect 开始觉察出 【练】你怀疑是谁偷了钱包？ Who do you having stolen the wallet? 【拓展】suspicion n. 怀疑，嫌疑 blame [bleɪm] vt. 把... 归咎于，责怪，指责 n. 责备，指责 【搭配】 sb. be to blame for sth. 某人应为某事受责备，某人应为某事负责 blame sb. for(doing) sth. 责备某人（做过）某事 blame sth. on sb./sth. 把... 归咎于... only have oneself to blame 只能怪你自己 【练】妈妈不知道应该责怪谁打碎了窗户，因为事情发生的时候她出门了。 The mother didn't know or the broken window as it happened when she was out. link [lɪŋk] n. 联系，纽带 vt. 把... 连接起来；相关联 【搭配】 a link between... and... ... 和... 之间的联系 be linked to 与... 有联系，与... 有关联 be linked by 用/通过... 相连 【练】饮食和心脏病之间有直接的联系。 between diet and heart disease. decrease [ˈdiːkriːs] n. 减少，降低；减少量 [dɪˈkriːs] vt.&vi. （使大小、数量等）减少，减小，降低 【搭配】 decrease(from...) to... （从... ）降低/减少到... decrease by 降低/减少了... 【练】中年人应该多吃蔬菜少吃肉，以此来降低患高血压的风险。 Middle-aged people should take more vegetables and less meat in order to high blood pressure. 【拓展】increase v. 增长，增加，增多 transform [trænsˈfɔːm] vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变，转变 【搭配】 transform... into... 把... 转变成 transform into... 转变成... 【练】随着中国转换成市场经济，政府不再分配工作、食物或城市居民的免费住房。 As China a market economy, the government no longer assigned jobs, food or free housing to urban residents. 【拓展】transformation n. 变化，改观，转变，改革 cast [kɑːst] vt. 投射；向... 投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 【搭配】 cast a shadow on... 在... 上投下影子；给... 蒙上一层阴影 cast a shadow over... 给... 蒙上一层阴影 be cast down by sth. （因某事）沮丧，不愉快 cast one's eyes over sth. 用眼光瞥，匆匆查看，粗略地看一看 cast doubt on... 对... 产生质疑 cast light on 使... 清楚，使人了解 【练】新的证据使人们对这个犯罪入狱的男子是否有罪产生了怀疑。 New evidence the guilt of the man jailed for the crime. shadow [ˈʃædəʊ] n. 阴影；影子；背光处 【搭配】 in shadow/in the shadows 在暗处，在背光处 in/under the shadow of... 在... 近旁 【练】在昏暗的光线下，桌上的蜡烛在墙上投下了一个巨大的跳舞的影子。 In the dim light, the candle on the table threw against the wall. defend [dɪˈfend] vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 【搭配】 defend... against/from... 保护... 免受... defend oneself 为自己辩解 【练】一旦感染HIV，身体就不能保护自己免受疾病的侵袭了。 Once infected with HIV, the body is unable to . 【拓展】defense n. 防御，防卫 assistant [əˈsɪstənt] n. 助理，助手 【练】老板想要一个懂法语，并有工作经验的助理。 The boss wanted a knowledge of French and working experience. 【拓展】 assist v. 帮助，援助 assist sb. with/in(doing) sth. 在（做）某事上帮助某人 assist sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 assistance n. 协助，援助 gifted [ˈɡɪftɪd] adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的；具有 【搭配】be gifted with 具有，带有 【练】我从不认为自己是一个极有天赋的学生，但是我尽了我最大的努力。 I never considered myself to be an student, but I tried my best. 【拓展】gift n. 天赋，天才，才能；礼物 have a gift for sth. 对…有天赋 fault [fɔːlt] n. 弱点；过错 【搭配】 at fault 有责任，负责任 blind to one's faults 对缺点视而不见for all one's faults 虽然有很多缺点find fault with 找茬儿，挑错，挑剔 【练】我和彼得的关系破裂了，因为他总是找我的茬。 I broke my relationship with Peter because he always . 【拓展】 faulty adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的；不完美的 faultless adj. 完美无缺的，没有错误的 shift [ʃɪft] n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动；转向 【搭配】 shift from... to... 从... 转移到... shift for oneself 自立，独立谋生 be on the day/night shift 上白班/夜班 【练】 （1） 他把目光从孩子身上移到她身上。 He his gaze . （2） 她把身体的重量从一只脚换到另一只脚上。 She . 【拓展】shifty adj. 狡诈的，鬼鬼祟祟的，看着不可靠的 4. 单词练习 英汉互译 1.英文 中文 英文 中文 adj. 极为恶劣的，十分 严重的；严厉的 frustrated contradictory n. 感染；传染 infect germ vi. 认购（股份）； 定期订购； 定期交纳（会费） n. 证据，证明；检验 multiple pump n. 一家人；家庭；同住 一所（套）房子的人 suspect vt. 把……归咎于， 责怪，指责 n. 责备，指责 n. 把手，拉手，柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵 （车辆、动物、工具等） intervention link substantial n. 减少，降低；减少量 vt.&vi. （使大小、数量 等）减少，减小，降低 statistic transform n. 思想，思维；见解 protein finding adj. 最初的，开始的；第 一的 framework solid vt. 投射；向……投以 （视线、笑容等）； 投掷 n. 阴影；影子；背光处 vt. 倒出，倾泻；斟（饮 料） concrete mechanic vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 assistant leadership vt. 追溯，追踪；查出 n. 痕迹，遗迹，踪迹 adj. 优秀的，杰出的；明 显的 adj. 有天赋的，有天才 的，天资聪慧的 adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. 摘要 steady concept prep. 除……之外（还） adv. 而且，此外 brilliant n. 弱点；过错 n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动； 转向 vivid furthermore 单词拓展 以下练习为词性转换，一定要注意平时的词汇积累 2. 以下练习为词性转换，一定要注意平时的词汇积累 ① adv. 严重地；严厉地→ adj. 极为恶劣的，十分严重的；严厉的 ② v. 反驳，驳斥→ adj. 相互矛盾的，对立的，不一致的 ③ vt. 使感染；传染→ n. 感染；传染 ④ n. 订阅，订购→ vi. 认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） ⑤ v. 证据，证明→ n. 证据，证明；检验 ⑥ n. 怀疑，嫌疑→ vt.&vi. 怀疑，疑有；不信任 n. 犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ⑦ n. 搬运工，操作者；驯兽员→ n. 把手，拉手，柄 vt. 处理；搬动；操纵 ⑧ v. 增长，增加，增多→ n. & vt. & vi. 减少，减小，降低 ⑨ n. 变化，改观，转变，改革→ vt. 使改观；使改变形态 vi. 改变，转变 ⑩ n. 防御，防卫→ vt. 保卫，防守；辩解 ⑪ v. 帮助，援助→ n. 助理，助手 ⑪ n. 天赋，天才，才能→ adj. 有天赋的，有天才的，天资聪慧的 ⑬ adv. 抽象地→ adj. 抽象的；理性的 n. 摘要 ⑭ adj. 有错误的；有缺陷的→ n. 弱点；过错 ⑮ adj. 狡诈的，鬼鬼祟祟的→ n. 改变；转换；轮班 vt.&vi. 转移；挪动；转向 ⑯ v. 成倍增加；乘以→ adj. 数量多的；多种多样的 ⑰ v. 出面，介入→ n. 介入，出面，干涉 ⑱ n. 纯洁；纯净；纯粹→ adj. 干净的；纯的；纯粹的 ⑲ adv. 开始，最初，起初→ adj. 最初的，开始的；第一的 ⑳ n. 领导者，领袖，首领→ n. 领导；领导地位；领导才能 3. ①What made you （怀疑）her of taking the money? ②His plans were （变成）into reality over night. ③You should （订阅） to trade magazines to learn more about your business. ④Linda shouldn't be to （责备） because it is Jack who broke the window. ⑤The storm caused （严重的） damage to the coastal areas. 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ⑥Only about half the i settlers made it through the first year. ⑦The snow had melted, but the lake was still frozen s . ⑧He c a stone against the window. ⑨Black people joined together to d their rights. ⑩You are a g student who always gets As in exams. 5.短语梳理 短语知多少：看看下面的短语你掌握了多少？ 英文 中文 英文 中文 once and for all subscribe to thanks to break out in charge of come down above all used to die from/of lose one's desire to do sth. in general be determined to do be to blame be familiar with have a... impact on as a result of be likely to do sth. get down to doing switch... to... discourage sb. from doing sth. take on trace back to 6.短语讲解 once and for all once and for all 最终地，彻底地 【练习】我们需要把这事一次解决。 We need to settle this . 【拓展】once 短语 at once 立即，马上 all at once 突然，忽然；一起，同时 once in a while 偶尔地，间或 once upon a time 从前，很久以前 thanks to thanks to 幸亏，由于 【练习】多亏了电子邮件，我们能够在数秒之内发送一封信到世界各地。 electronic mail, we can send a letter around the world in seconds today. 【辨析】thanks to, thanks for thanks to 意为“幸亏，由于”，to 强调要表示感谢的对象，后接名词，其中 thanks 不可以改成 thank you。thanks for 意为“因某人做了某事而感谢”，后接名词或 v-ing形式，for 强调为何而感谢，其中 thanks 可以改为 thank you。 break out break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始，爆发 【练习】一场争吵发生了，导致了他脱离了他的家庭。 , which made him break away from his family. 【拓展】break 短语 break away from 脱离，背叛；突然挣脱，逃脱 break down 出故障；垮掉；打倒，砸破 break in 强行进入，破门而入 break into 强行进入；突然开始 break through 取得突破；冲破，突破 in charge of in charge of 主管，掌管 in the charge of 由... 主管/掌管 【练习】你知道现在是谁接替了John来管理公司吗？ Who do you know has replaced John and the company now? 【拓展】charge 短语 have/take charge of 主管，掌管 in charge 主管，负责 come down come down(with...) 患（病），染上（小病） 【练习】你不可能突然感冒，我想你只是不想参加。 You could not have all of a sudden a cold—I assume that you just do not want to attend. 【拓展】down 短语 turn down 拒绝；调小，降低 calm down 冷静，安静下来 die down 逐渐变弱，逐渐平息，逐渐暗淡 settle down 定居，安定下来；平定下来，平静下来 set down 写下，记下；制订，规定 discourage sb. from doing sth. discourage sb. from doing sth. 阻止/劝阻某人做某事 【练习】他的父母试图阻止他去当演员。 His parents tried to . 【拓展】阻止某人做某事 stop/prevent/keep sb. from doing sth. 7. 短语练习 英汉互译 4.英文 中文 英文 中文 once and for all 同意，赞同 幸亏，由于 break out 主管，掌管 come down above all 过去常常 死于 lose one's desire to do st h. in general 决心做某事 … 应该受到责备 be familiar with have a… impact on 作为……的结果 有可能做某事 get down to doing switch… to… 阻止/劝阻某人做某事 take on trace back to 选词填空 5.once and for all thanks to break out in charge of come down used to be determined to do discourage sb. from doing ①I'll be the whole company when the manager is away next week. ②My daughter like chocolates, but now she likes fruits. ③John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has a bad cold. ④Once he is to do that, no one can stop him. ⑤ his research, the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger. ⑥A single failure him trying again. ⑦This incident made it clear that the rat, mouse and rabbit problem needed solving . ⑧A fire in this forest ten years ago. 单选 6. He is one of the headmasters the school work. A. in charge of B. in the charge of C. in charge for D. in the charge for 7. Do you think a war is likely to between the two countries? It must be terrible for people. A. break out B. break down C. break up D. break off 8. The murderer was eventually caught the help of Mr. Su who sent a report. A. according to B. thanks for C. as a result D. thanks to 9. After that, I avoided his presence, as I felt he was becoming too me. A. popular with B. similar to C. known to D. familiar with 8.词汇巩固 单选 10. He has for language, while his sister is a pianist. A. gift; gifted B. a gift; gifted C. a present, gifted D. a gift; gift 11. All the policemen have been trained to themselves against the sudden attacks. A. fight B. dress C. defend D. balance 12. It is ridiculous of you to be afraid of your own , which follows everywhere you go when there is light. A. shade B. shadow C. figure D. sculpture 13. The farmers were when they saw their fish dead as a result of the pollution. A. cast down B. broke down C. calmed down D. settled down 14. Life can be tough sometimes, but the elderly always tell us that we can the bad into the good with efforts and wisdom. A. transform B. transfer C. transport D. exchange 15. The North' s share of the world' s energy consumption （消耗） is expected to from 70% to 60%. A. increase B. decrease C. contain D. affect 16. Who for the pollution of our earth? A. should blame B. is to blame C. is blame D. is to be blame 17. You can to the magazine for as little as $32 a year. A. relay B. subscribe C. boycott D. enforce 用所给词的正确形式填空 18. Drunk driving should be （severe）punished. 19. The video exchange between signer and receiver can be recorded on DVD for （prove）when legal documents are used. 20. The couple think that their parents are （blame）for the spoiled child. 21. As far as I'm concerned, it was this event that (transform) my life. 22. The teacher said that he would like to choose an （assist）among us. 23. She was a （gift）student, and she went to university at 15. 翻译 24. 翻译 这起森林大火谁也不能怪。（blame v.） 25. 翻译句子 （ 1 ） 没有证据证明受过良好教育的孩子将来就一定会成为非常成功的人。（proof） 26. 翻译 请告诉我你在作文里把句中的时态变来变去的理由。(shift) 27. 翻译 我的助理将在我不在的时候负责这个部门。（in charge of） 28. 翻译 多亏了所有帮助我的人，我才得以按时完成这项紧急任务。（thanks to） 9.句子梳理 请根据提示或所给句子的关键词进行仿写，或直接翻译（以下句子皆选自本单元） （1） They had been given free beer, and so had not drunk the water from the pump.（被动语态仿写） 截止到去年年底为止，我们这座城市又建成了一个新的医院。 （2） Accordingly, he had the handle of the pump removed so that it could not be used.（“have sth. done” 结构仿写） 截止到警察到的时候，餐厅老板已经让人把被打坏的桌子替换掉了。 （3） ） The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure or boiled water.（比较级句型仿写） 这个实验比我们预想的要更加困难。 （ 4 ） When asked "Can we Chinese possibly make missiles?", his reply was a determined "Why not? We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make."（“连词+过去分词”作状语仿写） 到现在为止，她几乎没说什么，只有别人跟她说话时她才会作出回应。 （ 5 ） However, what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things, such as music and drawing.（主语从句仿写） 我渴望知道的是我们什么时候可以摘下口罩。 10.课文语法填空 29. John Snow, a British doctor, was ① （determine）to overcome cholera—a deadly disease of its day once and for all. ② （million） of people died every time there was an outbreak of cholera. It was not knowing the cause of it that Snow got ③ （ frustrate ） and never lost his desire ④ （defeat） cholera. In those days, there were two theories ⑤ （explain） how cholera spread and killed people. And Snow ⑥ （ subscribe） the second theory that people got infected from germs in food or water. Therefore, during another breakout of cholera in 1854, he got ready to test the two theories. With the help of the map he made, he got a ⑦ （value）clue about the cause of the disease. Finally, he was able to announce that the water was ⑧ （blame）. Thanks to what John Snow had done, the threat of cholera around the world ⑨ （ great） decreased. Moreover, Snow ⑩ （transformation） the way scientists study diseases by using maps and statistics. 二、 阅读理解1. 阅读技能 Ask questions: One way to approach a reading passage is to ask questions about it. Asking questions can help you understand the content. It can also help you think more deeply about the topic. Ask questions（提出问题）理解一篇文章的一种方法是提出问题。提问可以帮助你理解文章内容，可以 帮助你更深入地思考文章主题。 阅读文章的过程中，针对文章或段落或细节提出相应的问题，有助于获取细节信息，理解文章大 意、结构及写作意图，例如，可以提出如下问题来帮助理解文章：what, who, when, where, why, how(...), what is the structure/purpose of the article? 等。 2.技能运用 30. You feel happiest when you create a healthy balance between giving and receiving. If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it's likely you will burn out, or feel upset. When you take and take without giving anything back, you never feel fulfilled, so you are always searching for ways to fill the void in your life. The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. I break values up into two groups which I call being and having values. Your being values are the character traits（痕迹，特征）of the ideal person you would like to be. I suggest to my clients that they choose three being values that they are willing to make a commitment（承诺）to live by. Examples of some being values are: kind, loving, generous, inspirational, peaceful, wise and even powerful. By acting on these values you give others through your actions and you inspire others by being a positive role model, mastering being these character traits becomes your life purpose. Your having values are the feelings you need to create in order to be happy. These could be companionship, achievement, support, being valued or financial security. They are what you receive. You take responsibility for filling your own needs by taking steps to create these feelings and conditions in your life. When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. If your usual pattern is to talk about your problems, you could choose to think and act like a calm person. A calm person might go for a walk, have a deep thinking, or set a time limit before responding. If your usual pattern is to worry, you could choose to act like a responsible or wise person. In other words, you would act like the person you choose to be—this is the key to personal power. When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you strengthen your chosen beliefs. Over time acting in this way changes how you see the world, and in turn the way other people think of you. （ 1 ） The main purpose of this passage is to . A. persuade the readers to make a commitment B. explain to the readers what personal values are C. inform the readers how to be truly happy D. instruct the readers how to make wise choices 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 A. a feeling of emptiness B. an absence of one's mind C. a break of consciousness D. a state of confusion （ 3 ） From the passage we can infer that . A. having values are better than being values B. a calm person does not choose to complain C. the way other people think of you decides who you are D. a responsible person does not care about financial security 运用上面所学的阅读技能，完成相关的练习，并说说你答题的过程。词汇积累英文 中文 英文 中文 balance burn out upset fullfill break up into commitment inspirational peaceful positive master achievement financial security conscious reactionary respond strengthen belief 句式仿写 （ 2 ） The underlined word "void" in Paragraph I means . （1） If you give and give without making time to fill your own needs, then it's likely you will burn out, or feel upset. it's likely that...，意为“很可能...”，其中 that 引导主语从句作真正的主语，it 为形式主语今晚很可能会有暴风雪袭击这个区域。 （2） ） The way to create a healthy balance between giving and receiving is to know and then live by your values. to create...，to do 作定语修饰 the way 学生们一直盼望有一个去探索社会，获得真正生活体验的机会。 （3） When you make a commitment to live by your being values, it becomes easier to make conscious choices rather than reactionary ones. rather than，意为“而不是...”，前后引导两个并列成分你能为了成功而努力工作而不是做白日梦吗？ （ 4 ） When you choose to act on your values, you not only feel good about yourself, you strengthen your chosen beliefs. not only..., but also...，意为“不仅...，而且...”，其中 but also 可以省略他迟到不仅是因为他病了，而且还因为他没赶上火车。 3.技能提升 31. If you want to convince the boss you deserve a pay rise or promotion, the solution could be simple— eat the same food as they do. Psychologists have discovered managers are much more likely to instantly trust us if we choose the same dishes as them. During experiments, discussions over wages and work conditions were much more successful if both sides chose to snack on the same treats. And shoppers were much more likely to buy a product advertised on TV by someone eating a similar food to them at the time. The reason is thought to be so-called similarity attraction theory—where people tend to like others who have similar tastes or habits to themselves. But this is believed to be one of the first studies highlighting the role of food in this relationship. Researchers at Chicago University in the US conducted a series of experiments to examine food's role in earning trust. In a test, participants were told to watch TV—where someone pretending to be a member of the public praised a certain product. The volunteers were given Kit Kat bars to nibble, while the TV people ate either a Kit Kat or grapes as they talked. The results showed viewers were much more likely to express an interest in buying the product if the TV showed the other person eating a Kit Kat too. The researchers added, "Although similarity in food consumption is not a sign of whether two people will get along, we find consumers treat this as such. They feel more trusting of those who consume as they do. It means people can immediately begin to feel friendship and develop a bond, leading to smoother transactions from the start." Harley Street psychologist Dr. Lucy Atcheson said it was already known that wearing similar clothes could instantly create trust. But this was the first report that food had the same effect. She said, "This is really interesting. It makes sense as people feel they have common ground and can trust the other person. That means negotiations are more likely to be successful." （ 1 ） According to the passage, customers are likely to buy a product from a dealer who A. has the same taste as them B. advertises his products on TV C. reduces the price of his products D. pays attention to the quality of his products （ 2 ） The experiments conducted by researchers at Chicago University show that . A. food plays an important role in earning people' s trust B. bosses like employees that have the same taste as them C. people who have similar tastes to their boss's earn more D. people have less interest in buying products advertised on TV （ 3 ） What can be inferred from the passage? A. People who eat similar food are more likely to trust each other. B. People will get along with each other if they like to eat similar things. C. The effect of wearing similar clothes hasn't been proved by researchers. D. People are more likely to make friends with those wearing the same clothes as them. （ 4 ） Which of the following sayings can be an example of the similarity attraction theory? A. Honesty is the best policy. B. All good things come to an end. C. Birds of a feather flock together. D. Where there is a will, there is a way. 27 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $