Unit 2 Out of this world 主语从句（单元核心语法精练）英语译林版选择性必修第三册

Unit 2 Out of this 核心语法精练（主语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空（主语从句全考查） 3 二、用主语从句改写句子 10 三、用主语从句完成句子 10 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 12 题型 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 12 （一）主语从句基本概念 核心要点 具体内容 例句 定义 充当句子主语的从句，常位于句首，也可借助形式主语 it 后置，使句子结构更平衡。 What he said made us surprised. It is important that we should learn English well. 连接词分类 1. 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 2. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 3. 从属连词：that, whether（if 不可引导位于句首的主语从句） Which team will win the game is still unknown. When we will start the journey hasn’t been decided yet. That she passed the exam is good news. 与同位语从句的区别 1. 功能：主语从句作主语；同位语从句对先行词进行解释说明。 2. 连接词：that 引导主语从句时无意义，不作成分；引导同位语从句时需有明确先行词，且 that 无意义、不作成分。 3. 位置：主语从句可在句首或 it 后；同位语从句紧跟先行词后。 主语从句：Whether he will come depends on the weather. 同位语从句：There is no doubt that he will come. （二）主语从句关键用法 特殊情况 具体规则 例句 形式主语 it 的常用结构 It+be+形容词（important/necessary /natural 等）+ that 从句（从句常用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可省略） It + be + 名词（a pity/a fact/an honor 等）+ that 从句 It+be+动词的过去分词（said/reported/ believed 等）+ that 从句 It+不及物动词（happen/occur/seem 等）+ that 从句 It is necessary that we (should) finish the task on time. It is a pity that you missed the wonderful concert. It is reported that the number of wild animals is increasing. It happened that I met my old friend in the street. 连接词 whether 与 if 的区别 位于句首的主语从句只能用 whether，不能用 if。 作介词宾语的主语从句只能用 whether。 与 or not 连用时只能用 whether。 Whether she will attend the meeting is not sure.（正确） If she will attend the meeting is not sure.（错误） It depends on whether we have enough time. 连接代词 what 与 that 的区别 what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，有 “所…… 的事物” 之意 that 在从句中不作成分，无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不可省略（位于句首时） What you said and what you did were all right. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes. 主谓一致 单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 两个或多个并列主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 由 and 连接的两个主语从句表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 What she lacks was experience. What we need were more books. 一、单句语法填空（主语从句全考查） 1． he didn’t reply to the email confused everyone. 【答案】That/Why 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他没有回复这封邮件/他为什么没有回复这封邮件，这一点让所有人都很困惑。根据句子结构可知，“________ he didn’t reply to the email”为主语从句，“he didn’t reply to the email”是完整的陈述句，可以用无实义，只起连接作用的that来引导，表示“他没有回复这封邮件”这件事令人困惑；另外强调“没回复邮件的原因”让人困惑时，可以用why引导主语从句，在从句中作原因状语。位于句首，首字母大写。故填That/Why。 2． team will win the game is a matter of public concern. 【答案】Which 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：哪支队伍会赢得这场比赛是公众关心的事。空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作定语修饰名词team，表示“哪一个”，需用连接代词which，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Which。 3． is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：进行太空旅行所需要的是周密的准备。引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，故用what，首字母大写。故填What。 4． she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：她成为艺术家或许是因为受到了父亲的影响。引导主语从句，从句不缺少成分，句意完整，故用连接词that引导，首字母大写。故填That。 5． he will come or not doesn’t matter much. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他来不来其实都不太重要。空处引导主语从句，从句不缺成分，表示“是否……”句型为whether...or not，首字母大写。故填Whether。 6．It remains to be seen recorded video courses can meet the demands of students of different levels or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：录制好的视频课程是否能够满足不同水平学生的需求还有待观察。分析句子结构可知，“It”是形式主语，“___ recorded video courses can meet the demands of students of different levels or not.”作真正的主语，是主语从句，且从句中不缺少成分，但是句意不完整，需要表达“是否”的意思，结合“or not”可知，应用连词whether来引导这个从句。故填whether。 7． English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：英语被接受为国际语言是一个事实。“English is being accepted as an international language”为主语从句，从句不缺少成分且句意完整，用that引导，句首首字母应大写。故填That。 8． made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使我兴奋的是我能区分出这种花和另一种花。分析句子可知，设空处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语，且指代的是“能区分两种花这件事”，需要用连接代词 what引导。故填What。 9．Over time, however, some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：然而，随着时间的推移，一些科学家发现，长期使用这些产品有时会对土地和人们的健康造成危害。“____ some scientists have found”为主语从句，从句缺少have found的宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 10．It is likely Native Americans were living in California fifteen thousand years ago. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：一万五千年前美洲原住民很可能就生活在加利福尼亚了。句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句，从句中不缺少成分，且句子意思完整，故用that引导主语从句，It is likely that...是固定句型，意为“很可能……”。故填that。 11． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the environmental and economic landscape for generations to come. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：无论我们现在投资可再生能源，还是继续依赖化石燃料，都将对子孙后代的环境和经济格局产生深远影响。空处引导主语从句，从句成分完整，引导词表示“是否”，结合“or”可知，此处为whether…or…，意为“无论……还是……”，需用whether引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Whether。 12． excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with the technology. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让我兴奋的是，如今的年轻人是数字公民，他们对科技驾轻就熟。“______excites me the most”为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，需用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 13． we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：在中国，我们是否应该扶起跌倒的老人仍然是一个热门话题。表示“是否……”，应用固定句型whether...or not，whether引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。 14．It is estimated about 60% of rice is produced in China. 【答案】that 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：据估计，大约60%的大米产自中国。“It is estimated that...”为固定句型，其中“it”为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的从句；从句“about 60% of rice is produced in China”结构完整、语义明确，不缺任何成分，连接词“that”仅起引导作用，无实际含义。故填that。 15． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind. 【答案】When 【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我们国家成立的那一天是我们所有人都应该铭记的日子。分析句子结构并根据语意可知，“is”前为主语从句，从句中主干成分完整，但缺少表示“时间”的状语，应用连接副词“when”来引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写，符合“强调国家成立的时间”的语境。故填When。 16． the earth goes around the sun is a universally accepted fact. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：地球绕着太阳转是一个被普遍接受的事实。“_____ the earth goes around the sun”为主语从句，从句不缺少成分或含义，应用that引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填That。 17．It makes no difference you approve of my plan or not. 【答案】whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：你对我的计划支持与否没有影响。It是形式主语，空处引导一个主语从句，作真正的主语，表示“是否”，且后有or not，所以使用whether引导，whether...or not是固定搭配，意为“是否”。故填whether。 18．As students, we need is to commit ourselves to studying for our motherland. 【答案】what 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：作为学生，我们所需要的是全身心投入学习，为祖国而读书。“_______” we need为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，指物，需用连接代词what引导。故填what。 19． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：使2025年“人工智能+”行动方案具有突破性意义的，是其专注于将人工智能与传统产业融合以培育全新经济增长模式。空格位于句首，引导主语从句，且从句中缺少主语（指事物），故用连接代词 What 引导，意为“所……的事物”。故填What。 20． is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：显而易见的是，三星堆故事的诸多方面至今仍笼罩在神秘之中。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 21． first fascinated him were the exquisite costumes and melodic singing of Peking Opera. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：首先使他着迷的是京剧精美的服装和优美的唱腔。空格处引导主语从句，从句中缺少主语（指事物），因此用连接代词what引导，且位于句首首字母大写。故填What。 22． scientists point to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：科学家指出全球变暖是热浪的主要诱因，这一发现已在欧洲引发警报。空格处引导主语从句，从句中不缺少成分且句意完整，因此用连接词that引导，that在从句中不作成分，仅起连接作用。该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填That。 23． is remarkable is that TCM has made contributions to global health and become a shared treasure. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：值得注意的是，中医药为全球健康做出了贡献，并成为人类共同的瑰宝。空格处引导主语从句，作从句主语，表示“……的事情”，所以用连接代词what引导该主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写。故填What。 24． he didn’t accept the job offer made all of us quite surprised. 【答案】That 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他没有接受那份工作，这使我们大家都很吃惊。空格处引导的是主语从句，从句中不缺成分，且句子意思完整，因此用that引导主语从句，位于句首，首字母大写，故填That。 25． impressed the judges most was the creativity and teamwork shown by the participants. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：最让评委们印象深刻的，是参赛者所展现出的创造力与团队协作能力。空格引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语(指事物)，意为“所……的事物”，应用连接代词what引导，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 26． we will go camping this weekend depends entirely on the weather forecast. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们这个周末是否去露营完全取决于天气预报的情况。空格位于句首，引导主语从句，表示“是否”用whether，首字母大写。故填Whether。 27． makes the book so attractive is the creative imagination of the writer. 【答案】What 【详解】考查主语从句连接词。句意：让这本书如此吸引人的是作者富有创造性的想象力。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导主语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，意为“所……（的是）”，指代“让书吸引人的事物”，应用连接代词what来引导，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What。 28． (she bought for her mother) is a beautiful scarf. 【答案】What she bought for her mother 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：她给妈妈买的是一条漂亮的围巾。引导主语从句，从句缺bought的宾语，指物，用what引导，从句用陈述句语序，首字母大写。故填What she bought for her mother。 29． the meeting will be put off is still under discussion. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：会议是否推迟仍在讨论中。从句表“是否”，引导主语从句用whether，从句用陈述句语序，首字母大写。故填Whether。 30． we will hold the sports meeting next week depends on the weather. 【答案】Whether 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们下周是否举行运动会取决于天气。“________we will hold the sports meeting next week”是主语从句，从句不缺成分，引导词表示“是否”，故用连接词 Whether。表示“是否”时，引导主语从句必须用 Whether，不可用 If。故填Whether。 二、用主语从句改写句子 1．We must keep in mind that a small action can make a big difference. What . 【答案】What we must keep in mind is that a small action can make a big difference. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们必须牢记，一个小小的举动可能会产生巨大的影响。题目要求用What引导主语从句，what需要在句子中充当成分。可以把We must keep in mind改为主语从句，从句缺少宾语，用what引导主语从句，句首单词，首字母大写。根据can可知，本句陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语为一个主语从句，be动词用is。从句that a small action can make a big difference作表语，从句缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故答案为What we must keep in mind is that a small action can make a big difference. 2．Some herdsmen in Inner Mongolia fix electronic sensors to their cattle to monitor their movements. It is true that they are doing this. It . 【答案】is true that some herdsmen in Inner Mongolia fix electronic sensors to their cattle to monitor their movements. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：内蒙古的一些牧民会在他们的牛身上安装电子传感器，以监测牛的活动情况。事实上，他们确实这么做了。根据题干要求将原句改为主语从句，此处可以使用it is true that...的结构，此处it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语，从句内容指代的事实是“内蒙古的一些牧民会在他们的牛身上安装电子传感器，以监测牛的活动情况。”。故答案为is true that some herdsmen in Inner Mongolia fix electronic sensors to their cattle to monitor their movements. 3．The way in which Bob did the experiment was puzzling to other people. How . 【答案】Bob did the experiment was puzzling to other people. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：鲍勃做这个实验的方式让其他人感到很困惑。根据题干要求，将原句改写为主语从句，根据句首how可知 ，此处使用how引导主语从句，表示“鲍勃做这个实验的方式让其他人感到很困惑”。引导词在从句中作状语，用陈述语序。故答案为Bob did the experiment was puzzling to other people. 4．Do they use too many chemical pesticides? I worry about this most. Whether . 【答案】they use too many chemical pesticides is what I worry about most. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他们使用过多的化学农药了吗？这是我最担心的事情。改写后的句意：他们是否使用过多的化学农药是我最担心的。根据提示，需用whether引导主语从句。将原疑问句“Do they use too many chemical pesticides?”的语序改为陈述句语序“they use too many chemical pesticides”，并在句首加上Whether，构成主语从句“Whether they use too many chemical pesticides”，后面需接系动词is和表语从句“what I worry about most”，其中what指担心的内容，即主语从句。故填改写：they use too many chemical pesticides is what I worry about most. 5．The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. His words were quite helpful to May. What . 【答案】What the advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad was quite helpful to May. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：顾问所说的关于在出国留学时保持合理期望的话对梅很有帮助。原句为两个简单句，第二句中的“His words”指的是第一句中的“顾问所说的内容”，所以可使用what引导主语从句，指代“顾问所说的内容”，在句中作主语，what既起连接作用，又在从句中作宾语，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填What the advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad was quite helpful to May. 6．His neighbors organized a party for his birthday, and this touched the old man most. What . 【答案】What touched the old man most was that his neighbors organized a party for his birthday. 【详解】考查主语从句和表语从句。句意：他的邻居为他组织了一个生日聚会，这使老人感动得最深。原句中“他的邻居们为他的生日组织派对”是“让老人最感动”的内容，改写时用what引导主语从句（what 在从句中作主语，指代“这件事”），所以去掉and，把this换成what，表语部分是“His neighbors organized a party for his birthday”，句意完整，不缺少成分，用that引导表语从句，故改写为What touched the old man most was that his neighbors organized a party for his birthday. 7．Sarah suddenly thought of using the old map to find the hidden path. It . 【答案】It suddenly hit/struck/occurred to/dawned on Sarah that she could use the old map to find the hidden path. 【详解】考查名词性从句。 句意：莎拉突然想到用那张旧地图去找那条隐藏的小路。改写后的句子使用了固定句型“It hit/struck/occurred to/dawned on sb. that...”，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that引导的主语从句that she could use the old map to find the hidden path。故填It suddenly hit/struck/occurred to/dawned on Sarah that she could use the old map to find the hidden path. 8．Who will take over the position? We haven't decided yet. Who . 【答案】Who will take over the position hasn't been decided yet. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：谁将接任这个职位目前尚未确定。特殊疑问句“Who will take over the position”改为陈述语序，作主语从句。故改为Who will take over the position hasn't been decided yet. 9．He has recovered from his illness. That is good news. That . 【答案】That he has recovered from his illness is good news. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：他已康复的消息是个好消息。这里要把两个简单句合并成含主语从句的句子。He has recovered from his illness这个句子要充当主语，因其结构完整，所以用引导词That引导，That在主语从句中不充当成分且无实际意义，但不能省略。is good news作为主句的系表结构。故改写为That he has recovered from his illness is good news. 10．How can we solve the problem? It is very important. How . 【答案】How we can solve the problem is very important. 【详解】考查主语从句。句意：我们如何解决这个问题呢？这是非常重要的。按提示要求，可将特殊疑问“How can we solve the problem”变为陈述语序“How we can solve the problem”作主语从句，以代替陈述句中的it，其余部分保持不变。故填How we can solve the problem is very important. 三、用主语从句完成句子 1. 我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气。 . 2. 他在会议上提出的建议很有价值。 . 3. 年轻人应该尊重长辈，这是常识。 . 4. 我们如何在短时间内提高英语听力仍是个难题。 . 5.他突然辞职让所有人都感到惊讶。 . 6. 无论谁违反规则都应该受到惩罚。 . 7. 据说那位科学家即将发表一项重要发现。 . 8. 我们团队需要的是更多的合作和沟通。 . 9. 儿童在成长过程中得到父母的关爱是很重要的。 . 10. 哪个方案更可行还需要进一步讨论。 . 【答案】 1. Whether we will have a picnic tomorrow depends on the weather./It depends on the weather whether we will have a picnic tomorrow. 2. What he proposed at the meeting is of great value. 3. That young people should respect the elderly is common sense./It is common sense that young people should respect the elderly. 4. How we can improve our English listening in a short time remains a difficult problem. 5. That he resigned suddenly surprised everyone./It surprised everyone that he resigned suddenly. 6. Whoever breaks the rules should be punished. 7. It is said that the scientist is about to announce an important discovery. 8. What our team needs is more cooperation and communication. 9. It is important that children receive care from their parents during their growth./That children receive care from their parents during their growth is important. 10. Which plan is more feasible needs further discussion./It needs further discussion which plan is more feasible. 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （25-26高二·全国·课后作业）For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. 【答案】 1．whom 2．truly 3．safety 4．planning 5．themselves 6．has brought 7．largest 8．treasures 9．What 10．to 【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了故宫博物院94年来首次延长开放时间，允许公众在晚上在这座古老的宫殿里庆祝元宵节，并且吸引了很多游客。 1．考查定语从句连接词。句意：大约3000名幸运的游客获得了政府的免费门票，其中包括77岁的公安志愿者张志福。whom引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词visitors，且在定语从句中作介词among的宾语，指人，故填whom。 2．考查副词。句意：张说:“能被授予这样的特权真的是我的荣幸。”副词修饰整句话，故填truly。。 3．考查名词。句意：为了保证故宫的安全，今年元宵节活动的组织者使用LED灯而不是传统的纸灯笼和红蜡烛。根据the可知填写名词，博物馆的安全，故填safety。 4．考查非谓语动词。organizers与plan是主动关系，故填现在分词做后置定语，故填planning。 5．考查反身代词。句意：这是一个吸引人的事件，让游客沉浸在博物馆的节日气氛中。短语absorb oneself in表示“集中注意力在……上”，指代visitors，故填themselves。 6．考查动词时态。句意：自从成为故宫博物院院长以来，单霁翔给这个世界上最大的皇家建筑群带来了许多变化。根据since可知填写现在完成时，主语是单数名词，故填has brought。 7．考查形容词最高级。句意：世界上最大的皇家建筑群。根据句意可知应填形容词最高级，故填largest。 8．考查名词的数。句意：在一次演讲中，这位64岁的导演分享了他关于如何让传统宝藏重新焕发生机的想法。treasure为可数名词，此处表示数量不止一个，故填名词复数treasures。 9．考查名词性从句连接词。句意：“对博物馆来说，重要的不是有多少游客，而是他们离人们的日常生活有多近，”他说。what引导主语从句，因为从句中缺少主语，故填What。 10．考查介词。短语be close to表示“靠近，接近”，故填介词to。 B （25-26高二全国·单元测试）Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 1 ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 2 ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 3 ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 4 ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 5 ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 6 you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 7 the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 8 impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 9 ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 10 ( plain ). 【答案】 1．broaden 2．crowded 3．stands 4．surrounded 5．is forbidden 6．where 7．in 8．what 9．mountainous 10．plains 【分析】这是一篇说明文。短文向读者介绍了游览三峡的路线以及沿途的景色。 1．考查动词。句意：通过旅行，你可以欣赏到美丽的景色，开阔视野。分析句子可知，and连接的是enjoy和broaden两个并列谓语。故填 broaden。 2．考查形容词。句意：夏天，你最好在重庆坐游轮去三峡，因为江油号船通常都是太拥挤了。分析句子可知，本句为for引导的原因状语从句。从句的结构为主系表结构。故填crowded。 3．考查一般现在时。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，且为全部倒装句，本句的主语为the famous Zhang Fei Temple，所以谓语为stands。故填stands。 4．考查过去分词。句意：在云阳附近，山峰陡峭的边缘矗立着著名的张飞寺，周围树木环绕。分析句子可知，the famous Zhang Fei Temple与surround在逻辑上是被动关系，所以用过去分词做定语。故填surrounded。 5．考查一般现在时的被动语态。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，本句为一般现在时，主语smoking 与谓语forbid 为被动。故填is forbidden。 6．考查关系副词。句意：由于船舱内禁止吸烟，您必须到甲板吸烟，在那里您可以欣赏到美丽的景色。分析句子可知，the deck为先行词，在后面的定语从句中，作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故填where。 7．考查介词。句意：你可以看到远处的渔民。in the distance “在远处”为固定短语。故填 in。 8．考查连接代词。句意：然而，给你印象最深的可能是巫山县的大宁河。分析句子可知，本句为主语从句，在主语从句中，缺少主语，所以用what来充当主语。且符合句意。故填what。 9．考查形容词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。mountainous为形容词来修饰名词land。故填mountainous。 10．考查名词。句意：长江两岸山地辽阔，平原面积小。flat为形容词修饰名词plain。长江两岸不止一个平原，所以应填plain的复数plains。故填plains。 C (25-26高二上·湖北·月考)China’s experience in developing its national carbon market drew 1 (globe) attention from participants at the COP30 conference in November, 2025, Belem, Brazil. 2 China has learned in fostering a market of the kind during a side event 3 (title) “High-Quality Development and Experience Sharing of China’s Carbon Market” on Monday was outlined by Li Gao, Chinese vice minister of ecology and environment, outlined Li 4 (detail) three major takeaways from China’s experience-building a market suited to national conditions, enhancing data quality and management through technology, and 5 (deepen) international cooperation and mutual recognition in carbon markets. “Since 2024, China’s emissions trading system (ETS) has expanded to include the steel, cement and aluminum industries,” he said, adding that by the end of October, 2025, cumulative trading volume 6 (go) beyond 770 million tonnes of carbon allowances, with 7 total value of over 51.8 billion yuan. “The market of voluntary emission 8 (reduce) is also growing rapidly, promoting low-carbon technologies and the monetization of ecological products, he said. Valerie Hickey, director for Climate Change at the World Bank, called China’s ETS “a model of steady and expanding growth” and urged the international community to strengthen exchanges 9 (make) carbon markets more efficient and inclusive. Diana Acconcia, director for international affairs and climate finance at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Climate Action, said she was glad to see China enhancing its emissions trading system. The European Union is ready to deepen cooperation with China on carbon pricing and to support other developing countries 10 the establishment of effective systems. 【答案】 1．global 2．What 3．titled 4．detailed 5．deepening 6．had gone 7．a 8．reduction 9．to make 10．in 【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了2025年COP30气候大会期间，中国全国碳市场的发展经验成为国际关注焦点。中国生态环境部副部长李高在一个主题边会上分享了中国在建设适合国情的碳市场、利用技术提升数据质量与管理以及深化国际合作三方面的经验。 1．考查形容词。句意：2025年11月，在巴西贝伦举行的COP30会议上，中国发展国家碳市场的经验引起了全球与会者的关注。空格后是名词attention，需要用形容词作定语修饰，globe 的形容词形式是global，draw global attention 表示“引起全球关注”。故填global。 2．考查主语从句。句意：周一，中国生态环境部副部长李高在一场名为“中国碳市场高质量发展与经验分享”的会外活动上概述了中国在培育碳市场方面的经验。此处引导主语从句 从句中has learned 缺少宾语，指代“学到的内容”，故用连接代词what引导。故填What。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：周一，中国生态环境部副部长李高在一场名为“中国碳市场高质量发展与经验分享”的会外活动上概述了中国在培育碳市场方面的经验。分析句子可知，空格处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰 a side event，event 与 title（命名）是被动关系，故用过去分词 titled。故填titled。 4．考查动词时态。句意：李详细介绍了中国的三个主要经验：建立适合国情的市场，通过技术提高数据质量和管理，深化碳市场的国际合作和相互认可。此处是句子的谓语动词，结合上下文的时态（一般过去时），描述过去发生的动作，故用 detail 的过去式 detailed（意为 “详细阐述”）。故填detailed。 5．考查动名词。句意：李详细介绍了中国的三个主要经验：建立适合国情的市场，通过技术提高数据质量和管理，深化碳市场的国际合作和相互认可。此处与前文的 building和enhancing 构成并列结构，作介词from的宾语，故用动名词形式deepening。故填deepening。 6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：“自2024年以来，中国的排放交易体系（ETS）已扩大到包括钢铁、水泥和铝行业，”他说，并补充说，截至2025年10月底，累计交易量已超过7.7亿吨碳配额，总价值超过518亿元。时间状语by the end of October, 2025 表示“到过去某个时间点为止”，句子需用过去完成时，结构为had + 过去分词，所以填had gone。故填had gone。 7．考查冠词。句意：“自2024年以来，中国的排放交易体系（ETS）已扩大到包括钢铁、水泥和铝行业，”他说，并补充说，截至2025年10月底，累计交易量已超过7.7亿吨碳配额，总价值超过518亿元。固定搭配a total value of 表示“总价值为……”，故填不定冠词a。故填a。 8．考查名词。句意：他说，自愿减排市场也在迅速发展，促进了低碳技术和生态产品的货币化。分析句子可知，空处作of的宾语，需用名词形式，“reduce”的名词形式为“reduction”，名词短语“voluntary emission reduction”意为“自愿减排”。故填reduction。 9．考查动词不定式。句意：世界银行（World Bank）气候变化局局长瓦莱丽•希基（Valerie Hickey）称中国的碳排放交易体系是“稳定和不断扩大增长的典范”，并敦促国际社会加强交流，使碳市场更有效率、更具包容性。根据句意可知，此处为动词不定式to do作目的状语，表示“为了让碳市场更高效、更具包容性”，故用动词不定式to make。故填to make。 10．考查固定短语。句意：欧盟愿与中国深化碳定价合作，支持其他发展中国家建立有效的碳定价机制。此处为固定搭配support sb. in sth. 表示“在某事上支持某人”，此处指“在建立有效体系方面支持其他发展中国家”。故填in。 D (25-26高二上·浙江金华·月考) China named 24 teachers and a group of Baoding University graduates. 1 volunteered to teach in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region as 2 nation’s “Most Beautiful Teachers” for 2025, 3 (mark) China’s 41st celebration of Teachers’ Day on Wednesday. The honorees have been recognized 4 exemplary (模范的) members of China’s 18.85 million-strong teaching force, the backbone of the world’s 5 (large) education system. The honored include special education teachers who developed diverse learning resources for students with special needs, those who have long served schools in central and western China and rural 6 (community), and teachers who have made enduring contributions to national strategic initiatives and 7 (science) research. For more than three decades, Ding Meizhen from Shanghai in East China has led a team dedicated to improving learning for students with special needs and developing 38 regionally shared courses, hundreds of teaching aids and an intelligent platform 8 (identify) the needs of students with disabilities who remain in mainstream classes. In 2000, 15 graduates from Baoding University in North China’s Hebei province voluntarily 9 (choose) to teach in Xinjiang, thousands of kilometers from home, turning down job offers and opportunities for further study. Despite challenging conditions, they never backed down, devoting 10 (they) to advancing education in this northwestern region. 【答案】 1．Who 2．the 3．marking 4．as 5．largest 6．communities 7．scientific 8．to identify 9．chose 10．themselves 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了2025年中国评选出24名教师和一组保定大学毕业生为“最美教师”，他们自愿到中国西北的新疆维吾尔自治区任教，以此纪念中国第41个教师节。 1．考查主语从句。句意：中国评选出24名教师和一组自愿到中国西北新疆维吾尔自治区任教的保定大学毕业生为2025年“最美教师”，以此纪念周三的中国第41个教师节。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是teachers and a group of Baoding University graduates，指人，连接词在主语从句中作主语，由who引导。故填who。 2．考查冠词。句意同上。“nation’s “Most Beautiful Teachers””表示特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。已有谓语动词named，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，China’s 41st celebration of Teachers’ Day on Wednesday和mark为主谓关系，需用现在分词形式。故填marking。 4．考查介词。句意：这些获奖者被誉为中国1885万教师队伍中的模范成员，他们是世界上最大教育体系的支柱。be recognized as为固定短语，意为“被誉为”。故填as。 5．考查形容词最高级。句意同上。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词education system，由“the world’s”可知，此处表示“世界上最大的教育体系”，需用形容词最高级。故填largest。 6．考查名词复数。句意：受表彰者包括为有特殊需要的学生开发多样化学习资源的特殊教育教师、长期在中国中西部和农村社区服务的教师，以及为国家战略举措和科学研究做出持久贡献的教师。community为可数名词，此处表示泛指，且没有冠词限定，需填名词复数形式。故填communities。 7．考查形容词。句意同上。空处需填形容词作定语，修饰名词research，scientific为形容词，意为“科学的”。故填scientific。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：三十多年来，来自中国东部上海的丁美珍带领团队致力于改善有特殊需要学生的学习，开发了38门区域共享课程、数百种教学辅助工具和一个智能平台，以识别留在主流班级的残疾学生的需求。句中已有谓语动词has led，空处需填非谓语动词作目的状语，需填动词不定式形式。故填to identify。 9．考查动词时态。句意：2000年，中国北部河北省保定大学的15名毕业生自愿选择到离家数千公里的新疆任教，拒绝了工作邀请和进一步学习的机会。根据时间状语“In 2000”可知，此处使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式。故填chose。 10．考查代词。句意：尽管条件艰苦，他们从未退缩，致力于推动这个西北地区的教育发展。devote oneself to为固定短语，意为“致力于”，此处表示“他们自己”，需用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。 E (25-26高二上·安徽合肥·期中) 1 is not only a feast for the eyes but also a carrier of culture with a history of thousands of years is Chinese calligraphy, . Yang Shilin, 2 honorable calligrapher, is one of the most dedicated artists in reviving people’s passion for this art form. His exhibition, Dao in Emptiness and Stillness, at the National Art Museum of China, displays works 3 (reflect) his decades of artistic exploration. His works, combining the beauty of form and the 4 (deep) of philosophy, encourage people to think about the harmony between man and nature. The strokes in his calligraphic pieces, integrating various historical styles, convey a charm that goes   5 literal (字面上的) meanings. “Calligraphy should lead viewers into a spiritual journey,” says Yang. “When people appreciate the works, their inner peace 6 (awaken) gradually.” In his creation, every brush movement is a deliberate act. He tries to let the energy of the brush follow his inspiration 7 (perfect) the work. The exhibition, with its elegant arrangements and profound artworks, has attracted many visitors. It is the balance between tradition and innovation, the beauty in   8 (artistic) designed layouts, 9 the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece that make it a remarkable event. Visitors can also enjoy digitally 10 (present) videos about his creative process. 【答案】 1．What 2．an 3．reflecting 4．depth 5．beyond 6．is awakened 7．to perfect 8．artistically 9．and 10．presented 【导语】这是一篇说明文。中国书法历史悠久，兼具美感与文化内涵。书法家杨士林的作品展融合形美与哲思，以传统创新之平衡和数字影像，吸引众多观众。 1．考查主语从句。句意：中国书法不仅是一场视觉的盛宴，更是一种文化的载体，其历史已有数千年之久。连接在主语从句作主语，指物，故填Who。 2．考查冠词。句意：杨士林是一位德高望重的书法家，也是致力于重新唤起人们对这门艺术形式热爱的艺术家之一。此处calligrapher为泛指，且honorable是发音以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an。故填an。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他的展览“道在虚静”在中国国家美术馆举行，该展览展示了他数十年来的艺术探索成果。此处works与reflect构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填reflecting。 4．考查名词。句意：他的作品将形式之美与哲学之深融为一体，激励人们思考人与自然之间的和谐关系。作宾语，用名词depth，与beauty并列。故填depth。 5．考查介词。句意：他书法作品中的笔触融合了多种历史风格，所展现出的韵味超出了字面意义的范畴。短语go beyond表示“超出”。故填beyond。 6．考查时态语态。句意：“当人们欣赏这些作品时，他们内心的平静便会逐渐被唤醒。”主语peace与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文When people appreciate the works可知为一般现在时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填is awakened。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他试图让毛笔的笔触顺着自己的灵感自然流淌，从而将作品打磨得尽善尽美。此处perfect作目的状语，用不定式。故填to perfect。 8．考查副词。句意：正是传统与创新之间的平衡、精心设计的艺术布局所展现出的美感，以及每一件作品所引发的情感共鸣，使得它成为一场非凡的盛会。修饰过去分词designed用副词artistically。故填artistically。 9．考查连词。句意：正是传统与创新之间的平衡、精心设计的艺术布局所展现出的美感，以及每一件作品所引发的情感共鸣，使得它成为一场非凡的盛会。此处balance、beauty、resonance三者并列用连词and。故填and。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：游客们还可以观看以数字形式呈现的有关他创作过程的视频。videos与present为被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填presented。 F (25-26高二上·辽宁大连·月考) The Shenzhou XX mission crew returned to Earth on Nov 14, 2025, nine days later than their scheduled landing. This marked the end of 1 extended stay aboard the Tiangong space station after suspected debris left their spaceship with a cracked window.   A reentry capsule 2 (carry) the three astronauts — mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong and crew members Colonel Chen Zhongrui and Colonel Wang Jie — touched down 3 the Dongfeng Landing Site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region at 4:40 pm. It 4 (fly) more than five hours on its Earth-bound journey by the time it landed.   Following 5 (safe) checks outside the capsule, ground recovery personnel from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center opened the hatch of the bell-shaped capsule. They conducted an initial examination of the 6 (astronaut) health status before helping the crew members out, who were then seated on chairs 7 (share) their space experiences.   The crew, who represented China’s 15th manned spaceflight, stayed a total of 204 days in space. 8 contributed greatly to China’s space research that They carried out four spacewalks and many 9 (science) and technological assignments. Their safe return, 10 (undoubted), is a great encouragement to the country’s space exploration cause. 【答案】 1．an 2．carrying 3．at 4．had flown 5．safety 6．astronauts’ 7．to share 8．It 9． scientific 10．undoubtedly 【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了神舟二十号载人飞行任务乘组返回地球的过程、在轨时长及任务贡献，展现了中国航天事业的进展。 1．考查冠词。句意：这标志着疑似碎片导致飞船舷窗破裂后，乘组在天宫空间站延长驻留的结束。名词短语extended stay在这里是首次被提及，stay为可数名词单数，且extended发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：搭载着三名航天员(任务指令长陈东大校及乘组成员陈忠瑞上校、王捷上校)的返回舱，于下午4:40在内蒙古自治区东风着陆场着陆。此句已有谓语touched down，此空应是非谓语形式。capsule与carry是主谓关系，此处应用现在分词carrying。故填carrying。 3．考查介词。句意：搭载着三名航天员(任务指令长陈东大校及乘组成员陈忠瑞上校、王捷上校)的返回舱，于下午4:40在内蒙古自治区东风着陆场着陆。表示“在(具体小地点)”应用介词at。故填at。 4．考查动词时态。句意：到着陆时，它在返回地球的旅程中已经飞行了五个多小时。“by the time+过去时”表示“到……时候为止”，主句应用过去完成时had flown。故填had flown。 5．考查名词。句意：在返回舱外完成安全检查后，酒泉卫星发射中心的地面回收人员打开了钟形返回舱的舱门。此处修饰名词checks，应用名词safety，作定语。safety checks是固定搭配，意为“安全检查”。故填safety。 6．考查名词所有格。句意：他们先对航天员的健康状况进行初步检查，然后帮助乘组成员出舱，随后航天员们坐在椅子上分享太空经历。此处表示“航天员的”健康状况，且航天员有三位，为复数，应用名词所有格astronauts’。故填astronauts’。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们先对航天员的健康状况进行初步检查，然后帮助乘组成员出舱，随后航天员们坐在椅子上分享太空经历。“坐在椅子上”是为了“分享经历”，此处应用动词不定式to share，作目的状语。故填to share。 8．考查主语从句。句意：他们完成了四次太空行走和多项科技任务，为中国的太空研究做出了巨大贡献。此处在从句中作形式主语，指代后面的整句，应用It。故填It。 9．考查形容词。句意：他们完成了四次太空行走和多项科技任务，为中国的太空研究做出了巨大贡献。此处修饰名词assignments，应用形容词scientific，意为“科学的”，与形容词technological并列作定语。故填scientific。 8．考查定语从句。句意：他们完成了四次太空行走和多项科技任务，为中国的太空研究做出了巨大贡献。此处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代前面整句，应用which。故填which。 10．考查副词。句意：毫无疑问，他们的安全返回对中国的太空探索事业是极大的鼓舞。此处修饰整个句子，应用副词undoubtedly作状语，意为“毫无疑问地”。故填undoubtedly。 G (25-26高二上·山东·月考) At the Jin Dynasty History Museum in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, a shiny, thumb-sized silver coin attracts curious visitors. The coin, shaped like an axe, has a 1 (remark) history. Made by the Jin Dynasty government, it was one of 2 first official silver coins to be widely circulated in Chinese history. The 3 (carve) traditional Chinese characters on the silver indicated the information, with Cheng’an referring to the name of the time, and baohuo meaning money. The unique appearance and Chinese inscriptions (铭文) reflected the influence of traditional Chinese culture during the Jin Dynasty, 4 (show) the integration of national cultures during the long rule. The Jin Dynasty 5 (found) by the Jurchen people and once ruled over northern and northeastern China. Throughout much of its rule, it coexisted with the Song, Liao, and Western Xia governments, each of 6 controlled parts of the country during that time. The Jurchens 7 (initial) made a living by fishing and hunting and would exchange goods within their tribes. However, they later began using bronze coins from the Liao and Song 8 (dynasty), as trade between their three groups grew. It is known 9 the Jin Dynasty gradually brought those territories together under one rule, only 10 (see) its own monetary system greatly affected by southern money and craftsmen. 【答案】 1．remarkable 2．the 3．carved 4．showing 5．was founded 6．which 7．initially 8．dynasties 9．that 10．to see 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍哈尔滨金朝历史博物馆内一枚斧头形银币的历史背景、特点，以及金朝的建立、统治格局和货币体系情况。 1．考查形容词。句意：这枚斧头形状的银币有着非凡的历史。此处修饰名词history，应用形容词作定语，remark的形容词形式为remarkable（非凡的；值得注意的）。故填remarkable。 2．考查定冠词。句意：它由金朝政府铸造，是中国历史上最早被广泛流通的官方银币之一。序数词first前需加定冠词the，“第一；最早”。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：银币上雕刻的汉字标注了相关信息，“承安”指年号，“宝货”意为货币。此处修饰名词traditional Chinese characters，且characters与carve之间为被动关系，应用过去分词作定语。故填carved。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：其独特的外观和汉字铭文反映了金朝时期中国传统文化的影响，展现了长期统治期间民族文化的融合。分析句子结构，句中已有谓语动词reflected，此处应用非谓语动词，且逻辑主语The unique appearance and Chinese inscriptions与show之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填showing。 5．考查动词时态和语态。句意：金朝由女真族建立，曾统治中国北方和东北地区。主语The Jin Dynasty与found（建立）之间为被动关系，且“建立”这一动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为单数，故填was founded。 6．考查定语从句。句意：在其大部分统治时期，它与宋、辽、西夏政权并存，这些政权在当时各自控制着中国的一部分地区。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Song, Liao, and Western Xia governments，关系词在从句中作介词of的宾语，指物，应用关系代词which。故填which。 7．考查副词。句意：女真族最初以渔猎为生，在部落内部进行货物交换。此处修饰动词短语made a living，应用副词，initial的副词形式为initially（最初；起初）。故填initially。 8．考查名词复数。句意：然而，随着三方之间贸易的发展，他们后来开始使用辽、宋王朝的铜币。dynasty为可数名词，根据the Liao and Song可知，此处指两个王朝，应用复数形式dynasties。故填dynasties。 9．考查形式主语固定句型。句意：众所周知，金朝逐渐将这些地区统一在一个统治之下，却发现自己的货币体系深受南方货币和工匠的影响。It is known that...为固定句型，意为“众所周知……”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的that从句。故填that。 10．考查非谓语动词。句意：众所周知，金朝逐渐将这些地区统一在一个统治之下，却发现自己的货币体系深受南方货币和工匠的影响。此处应用不定式作结果状语，only to do表示出乎意料的结果，意为“却……；结果……”。故填to see。 H (24-25高二上·安徽芜湖·期末) The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization, and flood control and prevention have always been key 1 the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. 2 they use are various technologies, 3 (include) big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. 4 (base) on the information, a 3-D model of the river 5 (present) on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, 6 a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations 7 (record) and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stones send an alarm to the command center. They do 8 trick and the response is particularly quick,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by 9 (they), putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the Bureau. “Now the 10 (remark) stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” 【答案】 1．to 2．What 3．including 4．Based 5．is presented 6．and 7．to record 8．the 9．themselves 10．remarkable 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了黄河的数字化治理，包括数字孪生技术和智能石头的应用，以及这些技术如何帮助科学家更好地进行防洪工作。 1．考查介词。句意：黄河是中华文明的摇篮，防洪防汛一直是沿岸人民幸福生活的关键。“key to...”是固定短语，意为“是……的关键”，to是介词。故填to。 2．考查主语从句。句意：现在，他们可以通过为黄河创造一个数字孪生体来更好地处理这些问题，这个孪生体使用了包括大数据、人工智能和物联网在内的各种技术。“__2__uses various technologies...”为主语从句，空处指物应使用连接代词what引导该从句。故填What。 3．考查介词。句意：现在，科学家们可以通过为黄河创造一个数字孪生体来更好地处理这些问题，这个孪生体使用了包括大数据、人工智能和物联网在内的各种技术。根据句意和句子结构可知，空格处需要填入介词including，意为“包括”，构成介词短语作状语，表示“包括大数据、人工智能和物联网在内”。故填including。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据这些信息，河流的三维模型呈现在电脑屏幕上。“(base) on the information”作状语，base(以……为基础)用非谓语形式，与其逻辑主语a 3-D model之间是被动关系，用过去分词表被动；句首单词首字母大写。故填Based。 5．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：根据这些信息，河流的三维模型呈现在电脑屏幕上。present(呈现)是谓语动词，与主语a 3-D model之间是被动关系，结合语境可知，讲述现在的情况，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。故填is presented。 6．考查连词。句意：据河南省黄河信息中心的首席研究员王琴介绍，智能石头是一种防水石头形状的设备，带有芯片、电池和信号发射器。chips，a battery和a signal transmitter是并列关系，表示“芯片、电池和信号发射器”，用并列连词and连接。故填and。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们被埋在重要的堤坝位置，以记录和报告堤坝石头的移动。“(record) and report the movement of dike stones”是“are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations”的目的，用不定式to record作目的状语。故填to record。 8．考查冠词。句意：王说：“它们能起作用，反应特别快。”根据句意可知，句子特指上文提到的“智能石头耍的花招”，应用定冠词the限定。故填the。 9．考查反身代词。句意：“过去，研究人员不得不亲自到现场了解堤坝的情况，冒着生命危险，”该局赵晓雄说。by oneself是固定短语，意为“亲自”，they的反身代词是themselves。故填themselves。 10．考查形容词。句意：“现在，这些了不起的石头可以为我们更安全、更快、更准确地做到这一点。”提示词修饰名词stones，用形容词remarkable作定语，意为“了不起的，非凡的”。故填remarkable。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Out of this 核心语法精练（主语从句） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 3 一、单句语法填空（主语从句全考查） 3 二、用主语从句改写句子 4 三、用主语从句完成句子 5 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 5 题型 语篇语法填空（模考真题） 5 （一）主语从句基本概念 核心要点 具体内容 例句 定义 充当句子主语的从句，常位于句首，也可借助形式主语 it 后置，使句子结构更平衡。 What he said made us surprised. It is important that we should learn English well. 连接词分类 1. 连接代词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever 2. 连接副词：when, where, why, how, whenever, wherever, however 3. 从属连词：that, whether（if 不可引导位于句首的主语从句） Which team will win the game is still unknown. When we will start the journey hasn’t been decided yet. That she passed the exam is good news. 与同位语从句的区别 1. 功能：主语从句作主语；同位语从句对先行词进行解释说明。 2. 连接词：that 引导主语从句时无意义，不作成分；引导同位语从句时需有明确先行词，且 that 无意义、不作成分。 3. 位置：主语从句可在句首或 it 后；同位语从句紧跟先行词后。 主语从句：Whether he will come depends on the weather. 同位语从句：There is no doubt that he will come. （二）主语从句关键用法 特殊情况 具体规则 例句 形式主语 it 的常用结构 It+be+形容词（important/necessary /natural 等）+ that 从句（从句常用虚拟语气 should + 动词原形，should 可省略） It + be + 名词（a pity/a fact/an honor 等）+ that 从句 It+be+动词的过去分词（said/reported/ believed 等）+ that 从句 It+不及物动词（happen/occur/seem 等）+ that 从句 It is necessary that we (should) finish the task on time. It is a pity that you missed the wonderful concert. It is reported that the number of wild animals is increasing. It happened that I met my old friend in the street. 连接词 whether 与 if 的区别 位于句首的主语从句只能用 whether，不能用 if。 作介词宾语的主语从句只能用 whether。 与 or not 连用时只能用 whether。 Whether she will attend the meeting is not sure.（正确） If she will attend the meeting is not sure.（错误） It depends on whether we have enough time. 连接代词 what 与 that 的区别 what 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语，有 “所…… 的事物” 之意 that 在从句中不作成分，无实际意义，仅起连接作用，不可省略（位于句首时） What you said and what you did were all right. That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes. 主谓一致 单个主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 两个或多个并列主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 由 and 连接的两个主语从句表示同一概念时，谓语动词用单数。 What she lacks was experience. What we need were more books. 一、单句语法填空（主语从句全考查） 1． he didn’t reply to the email confused everyone. 2． team will win the game is a matter of public concern. 3． is needed for the space trip is careful preparation. 4． she became an artist may have been due to her father’s influence. 5． he will come or not doesn’t matter much. 6．It remains to be seen recorded video courses can meet the demands of students of different levels or not. 7． English is being accepted as an international language is a fact. 8． made me thrilled was that I could distinguish between this kind of flower and another one. 9．Over time, however, some scientists have found is that their long-term use can sometimes harm both the land and people’s health. 10．It is likely Native Americans were living in California fifteen thousand years ago. 11． we invest in renewable energy now or continue to rely on fossil fuels will profoundly impact the environmental and economic landscape for generations to come. 12． excites me the most is that young people today are digital citizens who are comfortable with the technology. 13． we should help up a fallen old person or not remains a heated topic in China. 14．It is estimated about 60% of rice is produced in China. 15． our country was founded is a day we all should keep in mind. 16． the earth goes around the sun is a universally accepted fact. 17．It makes no difference you approve of my plan or not. 18．As students, we need is to commit ourselves to studying for our motherland. 19． makes the 2025 “Artificial Intelligence Plus” initiative particularly groundbreaking is its focus on integrating AI with traditional industries to foster entirely new models of economic growth. 20． is clear is that several aspects of the Sanxingdui story remain surrounded by mystery. 21． first fascinated him were the exquisite costumes and melodic singing of Peking Opera. 22． scientists point to global warming as a major role in heat waves has caused alarm across Europe. 23． is remarkable is that TCM has made contributions to global health and become a shared treasure. 24． he didn’t accept the job offer made all of us quite surprised. 25． impressed the judges most was the creativity and teamwork shown by the participants. 26． we will go camping this weekend depends entirely on the weather forecast. 27． makes the book so attractive is the creative imagination of the writer. 28． (she bought for her mother) is a beautiful scarf. 29． the meeting will be put off is still under discussion. 30． we will hold the sports meeting next week depends on the weather. 二、用主语从句改写句子 1．We must keep in mind that a small action can make a big difference. What . 2．Some herdsmen in Inner Mongolia fix electronic sensors to their cattle to monitor their movements. It is true that they are doing this. It . 3．The way in which Bob did the experiment was puzzling to other people. How . 4．Do they use too many chemical pesticides? I worry about this most. Whether . 5．The advisor talked about maintaining reasonable expectations when studying abroad. His words were quite helpful to May. What . 6．His neighbors organized a party for his birthday, and this touched the old man most. What . 7．Sarah suddenly thought of using the old map to find the hidden path. It . 8．Who will take over the position? We haven't decided yet. Who . 9．He has recovered from his illness. That is good news. That . 10．How can we solve the problem? It is very important. How . 三、用主语从句完成句子 1. 我们明天是否去野餐取决于天气。 . 2. 他在会议上提出的建议很有价值。 . 3. 年轻人应该尊重长辈，这是常识。 . 4. 我们如何在短时间内提高英语听力仍是个难题。 . 5.他突然辞职让所有人都感到惊讶。 . 6. 无论谁违反规则都应该受到惩罚。 . 7. 据说那位科学家即将发表一项重要发现。 . 8. 我们团队需要的是更多的合作和沟通。 . 9. 儿童在成长过程中得到父母的关爱是很重要的。 . 10. 哪个方案更可行还需要进一步讨论。 . 语篇语法填空（模考真题） A （25-26高二·全国·课后作业）For the first time in 94 years, the Palace Museum has extended its opening hours, allowing the public to celebrate the Lantern Festival at night in the ancient palace. About 3,000 lucky visitors received free tickets from the government, among 1 was Zhang Zhifu, a 77-year-old public security volunteer. It’s a mark of gratitude for her volunteer work. “It is   2 (true) an honor to be granted this special privilege,” Zhang said. To guarantee the 3 (safe) of the palace, festival organizers 4 (plan) this year’s Lantern Festival event used LED lights rather than traditional paper lanterns and red candles. It’s a fascinating event for visitors to absorb 5 (they) in the festive atmosphere in the museum. Discussion of the  Palace Museum’s new look lit up social media following Tuesday’s display. Since he became director of the Palace Museum, Shan Jixiang 6 (bring) many changes to the world’s 7 (large) royal complex (建筑群). Once in a speech the 64-year-old director shared his idea about how to make traditional 8 (treasure) come alive again. “ 9 matters to a museum is not how many visitors they have, but how close they are 10 people’s daily lives,” he said. B （25-26高二全国·单元测试）Through travelling you can enjoy beautiful views and 1 ( broad ) your horizons. In summer, you’d better get on a cruise in the city of Chongqing which will take you to the Three Gorges, for those Jiangyou ships are usually too 2 ( crowd ). Near Yunyang, at the steep edge of the hills 3 ( stand ) the famous Zhang Fei Temple 4 ( surround ) by trees. Because smoking 5 ( forbid ) in the cabins, you have to go to the deck to smoke, 6 you can enjoy the beautiful scenery. You can see some fishermen 7 the distance. First, you will go through the Qutang Gorge, which narrows to 350 feet. Then you will sail through Wu Gorge and Xiling Gorge. However, 8 impresses you most may be the Daning River in WuShang. There is immense 9 ( mountain ) land on both banks of Yangtze River with only small areas of flat 10 ( plain ). C (25-26高二上·湖北·月考)China’s experience in developing its national carbon market drew 1 (globe) attention from participants at the COP30 conference in November, 2025, Belem, Brazil. 2 China has learned in fostering a market of the kind during a side event 3 (title) “High-Quality Development and Experience Sharing of China’s Carbon Market” on Monday was outlined by Li Gao, Chinese vice minister of ecology and environment, outlined Li 4 (detail) three major takeaways from China’s experience-building a market suited to national conditions, enhancing data quality and management through technology, and 5 (deepen) international cooperation and mutual recognition in carbon markets. “Since 2024, China’s emissions trading system (ETS) has expanded to include the steel, cement and aluminum industries,” he said, adding that by the end of October, 2025, cumulative trading volume 6 (go) beyond 770 million tonnes of carbon allowances, with 7 total value of over 51.8 billion yuan. “The market of voluntary emission 8 (reduce) is also growing rapidly, promoting low-carbon technologies and the monetization of ecological products, he said. Valerie Hickey, director for Climate Change at the World Bank, called China’s ETS “a model of steady and expanding growth” and urged the international community to strengthen exchanges 9 (make) carbon markets more efficient and inclusive. Diana Acconcia, director for international affairs and climate finance at the European Commission’s Directorate-General for Climate Action, said she was glad to see China enhancing its emissions trading system. The European Union is ready to deepen cooperation with China on carbon pricing and to support other developing countries 10 the establishment of effective systems. D (25-26高二上·浙江金华·月考) China named 24 teachers and a group of Baoding University graduates. 1 volunteered to teach in Northwest China’s Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region as 2 nation’s “Most Beautiful Teachers” for 2025, 3 (mark) China’s 41st celebration of Teachers’ Day on Wednesday. The honorees have been recognized 4 exemplary (模范的) members of China’s 18.85 million-strong teaching force, the backbone of the world’s 5 (large) education system. The honored include special education teachers who developed diverse learning resources for students with special needs, those who have long served schools in central and western China and rural 6 (community), and teachers who have made enduring contributions to national strategic initiatives and 7 (science) research. For more than three decades, Ding Meizhen from Shanghai in East China has led a team dedicated to improving learning for students with special needs and developing 38 regionally shared courses, hundreds of teaching aids and an intelligent platform 8 (identify) the needs of students with disabilities who remain in mainstream classes. In 2000, 15 graduates from Baoding University in North China’s Hebei province voluntarily 9 (choose) to teach in Xinjiang, thousands of kilometers from home, turning down job offers and opportunities for further study. Despite challenging conditions, they never backed down, devoting 10 (they) to advancing education in this northwestern region. E (25-26高二上·安徽合肥·期中) 1 is not only a feast for the eyes but also a carrier of culture with a history of thousands of years is Chinese calligraphy, . Yang Shilin, 2 honorable calligrapher, is one of the most dedicated artists in reviving people’s passion for this art form. His exhibition, Dao in Emptiness and Stillness, at the National Art Museum of China, displays works 3 (reflect) his decades of artistic exploration. His works, combining the beauty of form and the 4 (deep) of philosophy, encourage people to think about the harmony between man and nature. The strokes in his calligraphic pieces, integrating various historical styles, convey a charm that goes   5 literal (字面上的) meanings. “Calligraphy should lead viewers into a spiritual journey,” says Yang. “When people appreciate the works, their inner peace 6 (awaken) gradually.” In his creation, every brush movement is a deliberate act. He tries to let the energy of the brush follow his inspiration 7 (perfect) the work. The exhibition, with its elegant arrangements and profound artworks, has attracted many visitors. It is the balance between tradition and innovation, the beauty in   8 (artistic) designed layouts, 9 the emotional resonance (共鸣) from each piece that make it a remarkable event. Visitors can also enjoy digitally 10 (present) videos about his creative process. F (25-26高二上·辽宁大连·月考) The Shenzhou XX mission crew returned to Earth on Nov 14, 2025, nine days later than their scheduled landing. This marked the end of 1 extended stay aboard the Tiangong space station after suspected debris left their spaceship with a cracked window.   A reentry capsule 2 (carry) the three astronauts — mission commander Senior Colonel Chen Dong and crew members Colonel Chen Zhongrui and Colonel Wang Jie — touched down 3 the Dongfeng Landing Site in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region at 4:40 pm. It 4 (fly) more than five hours on its Earth-bound journey by the time it landed.   Following 5 (safe) checks outside the capsule, ground recovery personnel from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center opened the hatch of the bell-shaped capsule. They conducted an initial examination of the 6 (astronaut) health status before helping the crew members out, who were then seated on chairs 7 (share) their space experiences.   The crew, who represented China’s 15th manned spaceflight, stayed a total of 204 days in space. 8 contributed greatly to China’s space research that They carried out four spacewalks and many 9 (science) and technological assignments. Their safe return, 10 (undoubted), is a great encouragement to the country’s space exploration cause. G (25-26高二上·山东·月考) At the Jin Dynasty History Museum in Harbin, capital of Heilongjiang Province, a shiny, thumb-sized silver coin attracts curious visitors. The coin, shaped like an axe, has a 1 (remark) history. Made by the Jin Dynasty government, it was one of 2 first official silver coins to be widely circulated in Chinese history. The 3 (carve) traditional Chinese characters on the silver indicated the information, with Cheng’an referring to the name of the time, and baohuo meaning money. The unique appearance and Chinese inscriptions (铭文) reflected the influence of traditional Chinese culture during the Jin Dynasty, 4 (show) the integration of national cultures during the long rule. The Jin Dynasty 5 (found) by the Jurchen people and once ruled over northern and northeastern China. Throughout much of its rule, it coexisted with the Song, Liao, and Western Xia governments, each of 6 controlled parts of the country during that time. The Jurchens 7 (initial) made a living by fishing and hunting and would exchange goods within their tribes. However, they later began using bronze coins from the Liao and Song 8 (dynasty), as trade between their three groups grew. It is known 9 the Jin Dynasty gradually brought those territories together under one rule, only 10 (see) its own monetary system greatly affected by southern money and craftsmen. H (24-25高二上·安徽芜湖·期末) The Yellow River is the cradle (摇篮) of China’s civilization, and flood control and prevention have always been key 1 the well-being of the people living along it. Now, scientists can better work on these issues by giving the river a digital twin. 2 they use are various technologies, 3 (include) big data, artificial intelligence (AI), and the Internet of things. Devices set up along the river collect and transmit information to the command center. 4 (base) on the information, a 3-D model of the river 5 (present) on the computer screen. It’s like the Yellow River has a twin that reflects its real conditions. One big breakthrough in the river’s digital governance (治理) is “smart stones”. According to Wang Qin, a lead researcher at the Information Center of Yellow River Henan Bureau, a smart stone is a water-proof stone-shaped device with chips, a battery, 6 a signal transmitter. They are buried in important dike (堤坝) locations 7 (record) and report the movement of dike stones. “Upon feeling movement of the dike stones, the smart stones send an alarm to the command center. They do 8 trick and the response is particularly quick,” Wang said. “In the past, researchers had to learn the conditions of the dike on the spot by 9 (they), putting their lives at risk,” said Zhao Xiaoxiong from the Bureau. “Now the 10 (remark) stones can do this for us, more safely, quickly, and accurately.” 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $