Unit 2 Out of this world（知识清单）英语译林版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语单元知识清单围绕“Out of this world”主题，系统梳理了太空探索相关的词汇、主语从句语法及应用文写作三大核心内容，构建了从基础语言要素（7个重点词汇、主语从句分类）到综合语言运用（太空探索主题写作）的递进式学习支架。 清单以“教材原句锚定-拓展延伸-情境应用”分层呈现知识，如词汇“absence”结合教材例句解析多义用法并配套写作佳句，培养语言能力。语法部分通过“感知规律-连接词分类精讲-经典练”三步教学，助力学生构建清晰的从句知识网络，提升思维品质。写作清单提供太空探索主题三段式模板及嫦娥工程回信实例，含审题谋篇、词句升级等分步指导，方便学生自主学习，也为教师精准教学提供实用支持。

Unit 2 Out of this world 一、词汇清单 知识点1 absence u.不存在；缺乏 ; u.&c. 缺席 【教材原句\】 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.（教材p16） 【拓展】 absence from work/school 缺勤/缺课 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one’s absence＝in the absence of 在某人不在时 in the absence of 因缺乏…… absent adj. 缺席的, 不在的, 缺乏的 present adj. 出席的 be absent from 缺席…… be present at 出席…… 【写作佳句】 In the absence of responsibility，no work can be accomplished．缺乏责任感，什么工作也完不成。 【经典练】完成句子 老师已经把鲍勃经常缺课的情况告知了他的父母。  The teacher has informed Bob’s parents of his frequent__________l. 知识点2 bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做某事；打扰vi. 花费时间精力做某事 n. 麻烦，困难 【教材原句】…but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.（教材p16） 【拓展】 bother sb. with sth. 使……烦恼 bother to do/doing sth. 费心、费时做…… 【写作佳句】 You don’t __________ dinner for me today，I’ll eat out．今天不要麻烦为我准备晚饭了，我要在外边吃。 【经典练】完成句子 他总来缠着我，向我借钱，这使我很生气。 He is always __________ lend him money，which makes me upset． 知识点3 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；侵占；使忙于 【教材原句】The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding.（教材p16） 【拓展】 occupy oneself (in) doing sth./ with sth. 忙于做某事 occupied adj. 有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的 be occupied in doing 忙于做…… be occupied with sth. 忙于(做)某事 occupation n. 工作，职业；占领 【写作佳句】 Her daily schedule is occupied by work. 她的日程被工作填满。‌ 【经典练】完成句子 他忙于照看三个孩子。  He__________ three children． 知识点4 long vt. &vi. 渴望 【教材原句】We long to visit thick and wild forests...（教材p25） 【拓展】 long to do sth 渴望做某事 long for sth 渴望某物 longing adj. 渴望的 n. 对...的渴望 【写作佳句】They long to find a solution to the problem. 他们渴望找到问题的解决方案。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ① She longed __________(back) in China. ② They long __________ a chance to visit Shanghai. 知识点5 make sense of 理解，弄懂 【教材原句】Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist. Be curious.” （教材p25） 【拓展】 make sense 讲得通；有道理 in a sense 从某种意义上来说 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义 【写作佳句】Programme guides have been pressed into service to try to make sense of all this content. 为了使这一切变得更有意义，电视指南应运而生。 【经典练】完成句子 只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。 Provided you didn’t try to __________, it sounded beautiful. 知识点6 calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.（教材p26） 【拓展】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【写作佳句】 Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated. 母亲对孩子的爱难以计算。 【经典练】单句语法填空 You should be able to calculate __________ your family to support you. 完成句子 据计算，去年至少丧失了47000个工作。 __________ at least 47000 jobs were lost last year. 知识点7 shelter n.居所，住处，庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 【教材原句】We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.（教材p27） 【拓展】 take shelter (from) 躲避(……) under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 shelter from... 躲避……(风雨或危险)；避难 shelter ...from... 保护……以免…… 【写作佳句】So I walked across the moor, until I found a dry place to sleep, in the shelter of a small hill. 于是我走过沼泽地，直到在小山脚下的避风处找到一块可以睡觉的干地方。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ① There was no shelter __________ the fury of the storm. ② The three poor men, too anxious to get any sleep, sat down __________ the shelter of a great tree. 二、语法清单 主语从句 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从句须用陈述语序，单个从句作主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。 【感知·语法规律】 1.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. 2.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. 3.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes. 【精讲·语法知识】 1. that的用法 that 不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。 That he is late is not surprising. That she was chosen made us very happy. 【经典练】　 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①__________we shall be late is certain. ②__________he should have ignored the working class was natural. 2. whether和if的用法 ①whether不做成分，表示“是否”。 Whether he will come or not is not known yet. It’s uncertain whether/ if he’ll come this evening. ②whether 不用 if 的情况 主语从句位于句首时; 从句后有or或紧跟or not时。 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①__________ she will come or not is still a question. ②__________ it will do us harm remains to be seen. ③__________ they would support us was a problem. 3. 连接代词 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语 whom(ever) (无论)谁 宾语 whose(ever) (无论)谁的 定语 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语 What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. Who will go to the concert is not known. Which book they will choose is still unknown. What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①__________ I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. ②__________ you want is yours. ③__________ we must study for is a question of great importance. ④__________ watch was lost is unknown. 4. 连接副词 when 何时 何时 where 哪里 why 为何 为何 how 如何 如何 When we arrive doesn't matter. How it was done was a mystery. How many people we are to invite is still a question. Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①__________ this happened is not clear to anyone. ②__________ the teacher is telling us a story, we all listen with a great deal of interest. ③__________ we should leave it is a problem. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 太空探索是议论文、应用文（书信 / 邮件）的高频话题，文本结构采用经典三段式，逻辑清晰且符合表达习惯： 1. 开头：问候 + 引入话题（回应询问 / 分享计划 / 表达观点） 2. 主体：核心内容呈现（探索目的 / 具体计划 / 意义与挑战 / 观点论证） 3. 结尾：总结 + 期待回应 / 美好祝愿 / 呼吁行动 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头常用语 （1）I am writing to share with you my dream of space exploration or the latest plan of a Mars mission. 我写这封信是为了与你分享我的太空探索梦想，或是一项火星任务的最新计划。 （2You asked me about China’s space exploration achievements last time, and now I’m writing to give you a detailed introduction. 你上次问起中国的太空探索成就，现在我写信给你详细介绍。 （3）I can’t wait to tell you the exciting news that my school will hold a space exploration seminar next month! 我迫不及待地想告诉你一个激动人心的消息 —— 我们学校下个月将举办一场太空探索研讨会！ （4）As a huge fan of space exploration, I’m thrilled to share my views on the significance of lunar exploration with you. 作为太空探索的忠实爱好者，我很高兴与你分享我对月球探索意义的看法 2. 主体部分常用语 （1）目的地与任务：We plan to focus on the exploration of the Moon’s south pole, where water ice is believed to exist, or carry out a sample return mission from Mars. 我们计划重点探索月球南极（据称那里存在水冰），或执行火星样本返回任务。 （2）时间与行程：The spacecraft is scheduled to launch in 2025 and will take about seven months to reach Mars, where it will conduct scientific experiments for six months. 该航天器定于 2025 年发射，大约需要七个月时间抵达火星，并在那里进行为期六个月的科学实验。 （3）目的与意义：Space exploration helps us uncover the mysteries of the universe, promote technological breakthroughs, and lay the foundation for human beings to settle on other planets in the future. 太空探索帮助我们揭开宇宙的奥秘，推动技术突破，并为人类未来在其他星球定居奠定基础。 3. 结尾常用语 （1）would appreciate it if you could share your opinions on the future of space exploration. 如果你能分享你对太空探索未来的看法，我将不胜感激。 （2）I hope this introduction can help you better understand space exploration. Feel free to ask if you need more details. 希望这份介绍能帮助你更好地了解太空探索。如果需要更多细节，欢迎随时提问。 （3）Let’s look forward to the day when human beings can travel freely in the universe! 让我们期待人类能够在宇宙中自由穿梭的那一天！ （4）Wish China’s space exploration cause greater progress and more brilliant achievements! 祝愿中国的太空探索事业取得更大的进步和更辉煌的成就！ 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Peter 对太空探索非常感兴趣，他来信询问中国的嫦娥探月工程（Chang’e Lunar Exploration Program）。请你用英语写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 工程简介； 2, 主要成就； 3. 未来计划。 注意： 词数 100 左右； 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文书信 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 介绍成就用现在完成时，介绍计划用一般将来时 框架 第一段：问候 + 回应询问，简要介绍嫦娥工程； 第二段：阐述主要成就； 第三段：说明未来计划 + 表达期待。 第二步：要点翻译 1. 很高兴收到你的来信，得知你对中国的嫦娥探月工程感兴趣，我很乐意给你介绍。 I’m glad to receive your letter. ____________________ China’s Chang’e Lunar Exploration Program, ____________________introduce it to you. 2. 嫦娥工程始于 2004 年，是中国重大的太空探索项目，旨在探索月球的奥秘。 ____________________, Chang’e is a major space exploration project of China, ____________________ the Moon. 3. 到目前为止，它已取得巨大成就，比如嫦娥五号成功带回月球样本，嫦娥四号实现人类首次月球背面软着陆。 So far, it has achieved great success — for example, Chang’e-5 successfully ____________________, and Chang’e-4 ____________________ on the far side of the Moon. 4. 未来，中国计划开展月球基地建设相关研究，并推动载人登月任务。 In the future, China plans to ____________________ and promote ____________________. 5. 如果你想了解更多细节，随时告诉我。 If you ____________________, feel free to tell me. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非限制性定语从句改写例句 2 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 2. 用分词结构改写例句 3，使表达更简洁 __________________________________________________________________________________________ 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Peter, __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Out of this world 一、词汇清单 知识点1 absence u.不存在；缺乏 ; u.&c. 缺席 【教材原句\】 Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around.（教材p16） 【拓展】 absence from work/school 缺勤/缺课 absence of mind 心不在焉 in one’s absence＝in the absence of 在某人不在时 in the absence of 因缺乏…… absent adj. 缺席的, 不在的, 缺乏的 present adj. 出席的 be absent from 缺席…… be present at 出席…… 【写作佳句】 In the absence of responsibility，no work can be accomplished．缺乏责任感，什么工作也完不成。 【经典练】完成句子 老师已经把鲍勃经常缺课的情况告知了他的父母。  The teacher has informed Bob’s parents of his frequent absence from class/school. 知识点2 bother vt.使烦恼，使担心；花费时间精力做某事；打扰vi. 花费时间精力做某事 n. 麻烦，困难 【教材原句】…but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more.（教材p16） 【拓展】 bother sb. with sth. 使……烦恼 bother to do/doing sth. 费心、费时做…… 【写作佳句】 You don’t bother to get dinner for me today，I’ll eat out．今天不要麻烦为我准备晚饭了，我要在外边吃。 【经典练】完成句子 他总来缠着我，向我借钱，这使我很生气。 He is always bothering me to lend him money，which makes me upset． 知识点3 occupy vt. 占用，使用；居住；侵占；使忙于 【教材原句】The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding.（教材p16） 【拓展】 occupy oneself (in) doing sth./ with sth. 忙于做某事 occupied adj. 有人使用的；忙于……的；被占领的 be occupied in doing 忙于做…… be occupied with sth. 忙于(做)某事 occupation n. 工作，职业；占领 【写作佳句】 Her daily schedule is occupied by work. 她的日程被工作填满。‌ 【经典练】完成句子 他忙于照看三个孩子。  He is occupied in looking after three children． 知识点4 long vt. &vi. 渴望 【教材原句】We long to visit thick and wild forests...（教材p25） 【拓展】 long to do sth 渴望做某事 long for sth 渴望某物 longing adj. 渴望的 n. 对...的渴望 【写作佳句】They long to find a solution to the problem. 他们渴望找到问题的解决方案。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ① She longed to be back(back) in China. ② They long for a chance to visit Shanghai. 知识点5 make sense of 理解，弄懂 【教材原句】Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist. Be curious.” （教材p25） 【拓展】 make sense 讲得通；有道理 in a sense 从某种意义上来说 There is no sense in doing sth. 做某事没有意义 【写作佳句】Programme guides have been pressed into service to try to make sense of all this content. 为了使这一切变得更有意义，电视指南应运而生。 【经典练】完成句子 只要你不试图理解，它听起来是美的。 Provided you didn’t try to make sense of it, it sounded beautiful. 知识点6 calculate vt. 计算，核算；预测 It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year.（教材p26） 【拓展】 calculate on 指望；期待 be calculated for 适合于…；为适合…而设计的 calculation n. 计算；估计；计算的结果；深思熟虑 calculated adj. 计算出的；适合的；有计划的 calculator n. 计算器；计算者 【写作佳句】 Mothers’ devotion to children can hardly be calculated. 母亲对孩子的爱难以计算。 【经典练】单句语法填空 You should be able to calculate on your family to support you. 完成句子 据计算，去年至少丧失了47000个工作。 It is calculated that at least 47000 jobs were lost last year. 知识点7 shelter n.居所，住处，庇护 vt.保护，掩蔽 vi.躲避 【教材原句】We should find permanent shelter that offers long-term protection from radiation.（教材p27） 【拓展】 take shelter (from) 躲避(……) under the shelter of 在……的庇护下 shelter from... 躲避……(风雨或危险)；避难 shelter ...from... 保护……以免…… 【写作佳句】So I walked across the moor, until I found a dry place to sleep, in the shelter of a small hill. 于是我走过沼泽地，直到在小山脚下的避风处找到一块可以睡觉的干地方。 【经典练】单句语法填空 ① There was no shelter from the fury of the storm. ② The three poor men, too anxious to get any sleep, sat down under the shelter of a great tree. 二、语法清单 主语从句 在句子中起名词作用的各种从句统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中的语法作用，又可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。在复合句中，如作主语的是一个从句，该从句被称为主语从句。主语从句须用陈述语序，单个从句作主语，主句谓语动词一般用单数。 【感知·语法规律】 1.It is clear that telescopes are crucial tools for space exploration and that developing the required technology will help astronomers all over the world make exciting discoveries. 2.How much we will learn from the telescopes is merely limited by our imagination. 3.That Hubble is based in space allows it to see further than ground-based telescopes. 【精讲·语法知识】 1. that的用法 that 不充当句子成分，无语义，只起连接作用，不能省略。 That he is late is not surprising. That she was chosen made us very happy. 【经典练】　 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①That we shall be late is certain. ②That he should have ignored the working class was natural. 2. whether和if的用法 ①whether不做成分，表示“是否”。 Whether he will come or not is not known yet. It’s uncertain whether/ if he’ll come this evening. ②whether 不用 if 的情况 主语从句位于句首时; 从句后有or或紧跟or not时。 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①Whether she will come or not is still a question. ②Whether it will do us harm remains to be seen. ③Whether they would support us was a problem. 3. 连接代词 who(ever) (无论)谁 主语、宾语、表语 whom(ever) (无论)谁 宾语 whose(ever) (无论)谁的 定语 what(ever) (无论)什么 主语、宾语、表语、定语 which(ever) (无论)哪一个 主语、宾语、定语 What surprised me most was that the little girl could play the violin so well. Who will go to the concert is not known. Which book they will choose is still unknown. What make the river more beautiful are the lotus plants growing in the water. 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①What I am afraid of is their taking him to Portugal. ②Whichever you want is yours. ③Whom we must study for is a question of great importance. ④Whose watch was lost is unknown. 4. 连接副词 when 何时 何时 where 哪里 why 为何 为何 how 如何 如何 When we arrive doesn't matter. How it was done was a mystery. How many people we are to invite is still a question. Where I spend my summer is no business of yours. 【经典练】　 1. 用所给词的适当形式填空 ①How this happened is not clear to anyone. ②When the teacher is telling us a story, we all listen with a great deal of interest. ③Where we should leave it is a problem. 三、写作清单 【点拨·写作技巧】 太空探索是议论文、应用文（书信 / 邮件）的高频话题，文本结构采用经典三段式，逻辑清晰且符合表达习惯： 1. 开头：问候 + 引入话题（回应询问 / 分享计划 / 表达观点） 2. 主体：核心内容呈现（探索目的 / 具体计划 / 意义与挑战 / 观点论证） 3. 结尾：总结 + 期待回应 / 美好祝愿 / 呼吁行动 【积累·写作素材】 常用句式 1. 开头常用语 （1）I am writing to share with you my dream of space exploration or the latest plan of a Mars mission. 我写这封信是为了与你分享我的太空探索梦想，或是一项火星任务的最新计划。 （2You asked me about China’s space exploration achievements last time, and now I’m writing to give you a detailed introduction. 你上次问起中国的太空探索成就，现在我写信给你详细介绍。 （3）I can’t wait to tell you the exciting news that my school will hold a space exploration seminar next month! 我迫不及待地想告诉你一个激动人心的消息 —— 我们学校下个月将举办一场太空探索研讨会！ （4）As a huge fan of space exploration, I’m thrilled to share my views on the significance of lunar exploration with you. 作为太空探索的忠实爱好者，我很高兴与你分享我对月球探索意义的看法 2. 主体部分常用语 （1）目的地与任务：We plan to focus on the exploration of the Moon’s south pole, where water ice is believed to exist, or carry out a sample return mission from Mars. 我们计划重点探索月球南极（据称那里存在水冰），或执行火星样本返回任务。 （2）时间与行程：The spacecraft is scheduled to launch in 2025 and will take about seven months to reach Mars, where it will conduct scientific experiments for six months. 该航天器定于 2025 年发射，大约需要七个月时间抵达火星，并在那里进行为期六个月的科学实验。 （3）目的与意义：Space exploration helps us uncover the mysteries of the universe, promote technological breakthroughs, and lay the foundation for human beings to settle on other planets in the future. 太空探索帮助我们揭开宇宙的奥秘，推动技术突破，并为人类未来在其他星球定居奠定基础。 3. 结尾常用语 （1）would appreciate it if you could share your opinions on the future of space exploration. 如果你能分享你对太空探索未来的看法，我将不胜感激。 （2）I hope this introduction can help you better understand space exploration. Feel free to ask if you need more details. 希望这份介绍能帮助你更好地了解太空探索。如果需要更多细节，欢迎随时提问。 （3）Let’s look forward to the day when human beings can travel freely in the universe! 让我们期待人类能够在宇宙中自由穿梭的那一天！ （4）Wish China’s space exploration cause greater progress and more brilliant achievements! 祝愿中国的太空探索事业取得更大的进步和更辉煌的成就！ 【示例·分步写作】 假设你是李华，你的美国笔友 Peter 对太空探索非常感兴趣，他来信询问中国的嫦娥探月工程（Chang’e Lunar Exploration Program）。请你用英语写一封回信，内容包括： 1. 工程简介； 2, 主要成就； 3. 未来计划。 注意： 词数 100 左右； 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。 Dear Peter, Yours, Li Hua 第一步：审题谋篇 体裁 应用文书信 人称 以第一、三人称为主 时态 介绍成就用现在完成时，介绍计划用一般将来时 框架 第一段：问候 + 回应询问，简要介绍嫦娥工程； 第二段：阐述主要成就； 第三段：说明未来计划 + 表达期待。 第二步：要点翻译 1. 很高兴收到你的来信，得知你对中国的嫦娥探月工程感兴趣，我很乐意给你介绍。 I’m glad to receive your letter. Knowing you’re interested in China’s Chang’e Lunar Exploration Program, I’m happy to introduce it to you. 2. 嫦娥工程始于 2004 年，是中国重大的太空探索项目，旨在探索月球的奥秘。 Launched in 2004, Chang’e is a major space exploration project of China, aiming to uncover the mysteries of the Moon. 3. 到目前为止，它已取得巨大成就，比如嫦娥五号成功带回月球样本，嫦娥四号实现人类首次月球背面软着陆。 So far, it has achieved great success — for example, Chang’e-5 successfully brought back lunar samples, and Chang’e-4 achieved the world’s first soft landing on the far side of the Moon. 4. 未来，中国计划开展月球基地建设相关研究，并推动载人登月任务。 In the future, China plans to carry out research related to lunar base construction and promote the manned lunar landing mission. 5. 如果你想了解更多细节，随时告诉我。 If you want to know more details, feel free to tell me. 第三步：词句升级 1. 用非限制性定语从句改写例句 2 Launched in 2004, Chang’e is a major space exploration project of China, which aims to uncover the mysteries of the Moon. 2. 用分词结构改写例句 3，使表达更简洁 So far, it has achieved great success — Chang’e-5, for instance, has successfully brought back lunar samples, and Chang’e-4 has made the world’s first soft landing on the far side of the Moon. 第四步：连句成篇 Dear Peter, I’m glad to receive your letter. Knowing you’re interested in China’s Chang’e Lunar Exploration Program, I’m happy to introduce it to you. Launched in 2004, Chang’e is a major space exploration project of China, which aims to uncover the mysteries of the Moon. So far, it has achieved great success — Chang’e-5, for instance, has successfully brought back lunar samples, and Chang’e-4 has made the world’s first soft landing on the far side of the Moon. These achievements have greatly promoted human’s understanding of the Moon. In the future, China plans to carry out research related to lunar base construction and promote the manned lunar landing mission. If you want to know more details about the program, feel free to tell me.Yours, Li Hua 1 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $