内容正文:
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
Pre-reading
Before reading the passage, answer the following question.
What is first aid?
While-reading
第一步:析架构理清脉络
1.Fill in the following blanks with proper words.
2.What’s the main idea of the passage?( )
A.How to perform the first aid for burns.
B.The functions of the skin.
C.The burns and their first-aid treatment.
D.The characteristics of burns.
第二步:知细节明察秋毫
1.What is a bad idea when giving first aid for burns?( )
A. Applying oil to the injured areas.
B.Placing burns under cool running water.
C.Drying the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
D.Removing any clothes using scissors if necessary.
2.Where is the text possibly taken from?( )
A.A blog post.
B.An experiment report.
C.A short story.
D.A hospital leaflet.
3.Who is the passage written for?( )
A.Parents who love children.
B.Those who need first-aid knowledge.
C.People who will be doctors.
D.Paramedics who need further training.
4.What’s the author’s tone in writing the passage?( )
A.Objective. B.Subjective.
C.Enthusiastic. D.Unconcerned.
第三步:辨难句拆分解读
1.Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
句式分析:主句Remove any clothes using scissors是祈使句,using scissors是动词-ing短语作 ,if necessary是 从句的省略结构,unless引导 从句。
自主翻译:
2.It also helps control your body temperature,prevents your body from losing too much water,warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
句式分析:本句是复合句。helps,prevents,warns和gives为并列 ;when things are too hot or cold为 从句。
自主翻译:
Post-reading
第一步:抒己见提升思维
How can we give first aid properly when someone gets burnt?
第二步:课文语法填空
The skin is an essential part of your body,1. acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun’s rays.Getting burnt can lead 2. very serious injuries.Giving first aid is the first and most important step in the 3. (treat) of burns.Burns can 4. (cause) by a variety of things like hot liquids, acids, or other chemicals.They are divided into three types, depending on the 5. (deep) of skin damage.First-degree burns affect only the top few 6. (millimetre) of the skin.Second-degree burns go below the top layer of the skin.Third-degree burns affect every layer of the skin,7. sometimes the tissue under it.If you get burnt, first place burns under cool running water.Then dry the burnt area 8. (gentle) with a clean cloth.Remove any clothes 9. (use) scissors if necessary.Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need 10. (take) him/her to the hospital at once.
FIRST AID FOR BURNS
The skin is an essential① part of your body and is its largest organ②.Your skin acts as③ a barrier against disease, toxins④, and the sun’s rays⑤.[1]It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch⑥. [2]As you can imagine, getting burnt⑦ can lead to very serious injuries.[3]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid.
[1]句中when things are too hot or cold是时间状语从句,而主句中有四个并列谓语动词:helps, prevents, warns和gives。
[2]句中As you can imagine是As引导的非限制性定语从句,getting burnt是动词-ing短语作主语。
[3]句中giving first aid是动词-ing短语作表语。
CAUSES OF BURNS
[4]You can get burnt by a variety of⑧ things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation⑨, the sun, electricity⑩, acids⑪, or other chemicals.
TYPES OF BURNS
[5]Burns are divided into⑫ three types, depending on⑬ the depth of skin damage.
·First-degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres⑭ of the skin.These burns are not serious.[6]Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor⑮ household incidents.
·Second-degree burns These go below the top layer⑯ of the skin.They are serious and take a few weeks to get better.Examples include burns caused by hot liquids.
·Third-degree burns These affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks⑰, burning clothes, or petrol fires.[7]These burns cause very severe internal⑱ injuries and the victim⑲ must go to the hospital at once.
[4]句中冒号后的内容是对上文things的具体示例。
[5]句中depending on ...damage是动词-ing短语作状语。
[6]句中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰burns。
[7]本句是由and连接的并列句。
CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
First-degree burns
·dry, red, and mildly swollen⑳
·mildly painful
·[8]turn white when pressed
Second-degree burns
·red and swollen; blisters㉑; watery surface
·extremely painful
Third-degree burns
·black and white
·swollen; the tissue underneath㉒ can often be seen
·[9]little or no pain if nerves㉓ are damaged; may be painful around the edges of the burn
[8]句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。
[9]句中if引导条件状语从句。
FIRST-AID TREATMENT
1.Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling.
2.Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
3.[10]Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric㉔ sticking to㉕ the burnt skin.
4.Cover the burnt area with a loose㉖ clean cloth.[11]Applying oil to㉗ the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection㉘.
5.If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
6.[12]If the victim is suffering from㉙ second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent㉚ need to take him/her to the hospital at once.
[10]Remove any clothes using scissors是祈使句,using scissors是动词-ing短语作方式状语,if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构,unless引导条件状语从句。
[11]主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea,其中动词-ing短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语,as引导原因状语从句。
[12]主句是there be句型,从句是If引导的条件状语从句。
①essential adj.完全必要的;极其重要的
②organ n.(人或动植物的)器官
③act as 担任;充当;起作用
④toxin n.毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质)
⑤ray n.光线;光束;(热、电等)射线
⑥sense of touch 触觉
⑦get burnt 被烧伤
⑧a variety of 各种各样的
⑨radiation n.辐射;放射线
⑩electricity n.电;电能
⑪acid n.酸
adj.酸的;酸性的
⑫be divided into 分为;被分成
⑬depend on 视……而定;取决于……
⑭millimetre n.毫米;千分之一米
⑮minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的
⑯layer n.层;表层;层次
⑰electric shock 触电;电击
⑱internal adj.内部的
⑲victim n.受害者;患者
⑳swollen adj.(身体部位)肿起的;肿胀的
㉑blister n.(皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱;(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡
㉒underneath prep.& adv.在……底下;隐藏在下面
㉓nerve n.神经
㉔fabric n.织物;布料;(社会、机构等的)结构
㉕stick to 粘(贴)在……上;坚持
㉖loose adj.松的;未系紧的;宽松的
㉗apply ...to ...把……涂在……上;把……运用到……当中去
㉘infection n.感染
㉙suffer from 遭受
㉚urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的
参考译文
烧伤急救处理
皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分,也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障,能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,在外物过热或过冷时发出警告,并使你拥有触觉。正如你想象的那样,烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时,第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。
烧伤的原因
很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。
烧伤的种类
根据皮肤损伤的深度,烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。
·一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重,如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
·二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重,需要数周时间才能康复,如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。
·三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤,有时甚至伤及皮下组织,如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤,或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤,伤者必须立即送往医院。
烧伤的特点
一度烧伤
·干燥、发红、微肿
·微痛
·受压时变白
二度烧伤
·发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液
·极度疼痛
三度烧伤
·皮肤发黑或变白
·肿胀;通常可见皮下组织
·如果神经受损,则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感
急救处理
1.将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗,尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程,缓解疼痛和肿胀。
2.用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。
3.如果有必要,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
4.用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取,因为这会阻碍伤口散热,而且可能引发感染。
5.如果烧伤部位在脸上,应确保伤者仍可呼吸。
6.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立刻送往医院。
Ⅰ.词块默写
1. 充当
2. 控制你的体温
3. 保护……免于……
4. 被灼伤
5. 导致
6. 进行急救
7. 各种各样的
8. 被分为
9. 减轻疼痛
10. 依靠;取决于
11. 把……涂抹到
12. 患有;遭受
Ⅱ.课文原句默写
1. (正如你想象的那样), getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.
2.Remove any clothes using scissors (如果有必要), unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
3. (在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取), as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
4.If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, (有必要立刻把他/她送往医院).
提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ (1)
核心词汇集释
1.sense of touch 触觉
教材原句 It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch.
皮肤还有助于控制体温,防止身体流失过多的水分,在外物过热或过冷时发出警告,并使你拥有触觉。
【用法】
a sense of responsibility 责任感
a sense of direction 方向感
a sense of humour 幽默感
a sense of achievement 成就感
a sense of belonging 归属感
a sense of pride 自豪感
【佳句】 The photographer was instructed to feel the world by his sense of touch and sense of smell at an early age.这位摄影师从小被教导用他的触觉和嗅觉感受这个世界。
【写美】 完成句子
①我感到一种从未有过的成就感和自豪感。 (2023·新课标Ⅰ卷)
I felt that I had never experienced before.
②由于缺乏方向感,简在陌生的森林中迷路了,恐惧的泪水顺着她的脸颊流了下来。
, Jane got lost in the unfamiliar forest,tears of panic rolling down her cheeks.
2.minor adj.较小的;次要的;轻微的v.辅修
教材原句 Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents.
如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。
【用法】
(1)minor injuries/illnesses 轻伤/小病
minor in 辅修
(2)major v. 主修
adj. 主要的;重要的
major in 主修
(3)minority n. 少数;少数民族
in a/the minority 占少数
【佳句】 Facing many minor mistakes in my oral English, I will insist until I speak English fluently.
尽管我的英语口语中存在不少小错误,但我仍会坚持下去,直到能够流利地说英语为止。
【写美】 完成句子
①如果你有任何问题,请立即与我联系,以便我对我们的安排作些微调。
If you have any questions, please contact me immediately so that I can .
②我主修英语,所以我非常确信我完全有资格担任你的助教。
I , so I am greatly convinced that I am quite qualified to be your teaching assistant. (申请信)
3.urgent adj.紧急的;急迫的;急切的
教材原句 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent ...
如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立刻送往医院。
【用法】
(1)in urgent need of ... 急需……
there is an urgent need for/to do sth 急需某物/做某事
(2)urge v. 催促;敦促;大力推荐
n. 强烈的欲望;冲动
have an urge to do sth 很想做某事
urge sb to do sth 催促某人做某事
It is urged that ...(should) do 要求;主张
(3)urgency n. 紧急;迫切
urgently adv. 紧急地;急迫地
【佳句】 As you are a distinguished foreign language teacher,we are in urgent need of your aid, which can help us a lot. (邀请信)
由于您是一位杰出的外语教师,我们迫切需要您的帮助,这可以帮助我们很多。
【练透】 单句语法填空
①Improving English is the most (urge) thing because I have to make a good preparation before entering university.
②I am boiling hot all over,my mind tense with a great sense of .Hence,I need your assistance.(urgent)
【写美】 完成句子
③政府迫切呼吁每个公民在建设清洁的海洋方面发挥自己的作用。 (2022·全国甲卷)
The government desperately in building clean oceans.
④他很想自己开一家店。
He a shop of his own.
重点句型解构
1.句型公式:if型省略结构
教材原句 Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.如果有必要,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
【用法】
if necessary 如果有必要
if so/not 如果是/不是这样的话
if any 如果真有的话;即使有(任何)……
if possible 如果可能的话
【品悟】 As for accommodation, you have the option of staying either at my home or in a hotel, which I can reserve for you if (it is) necessary. (建议信)
至于住宿,你可以选择住在我家,也可以选择住在酒店,如果需要的话,我可以为你预订。
【写美】 完成句子
①如果是这样的话,请去教学楼二楼的学生会办公室报名。
, please go to sign up at the Students’ Union Office, which is on the second floor of the Teaching Building.
②如果可能的话,你最好骑自行车或者坐公共汽车去上班,这有利于我们的环境。
, you’d better go to work by bike or by bus, which is beneficial to our environment. (建议信)
2.句型公式:There is a need to do sth有必要做某事
教材原句 If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once.如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤,必须立刻送往医院。
【用法】
句中there is an urgent need ...是there be句型,常见的there be结构如下:
There is no need to do sth 没有必要做某事
There is no denying that ... 不可否认……
There is no doubt that ... 毫无疑问……
There is a/no possibility that ... 有/不可能做某事
【品悟】 As far as I’m concerned, there is a need to balance your study and life in order to make your life colorful and meaningful.(建议信)
就我个人而言,你有必要平衡你的学习和生活,以使你的生活丰富多彩且有意义。
【写美】 完成句子
①此外,你们迫切需要设身处地为彼此着想。
Besides, for you to put yourselves into each other’s shoes.
②事实上,很多新生都对高中生活感到困惑,所以没有必要太担心。
Actually, many freshmen are confused about high school life, so it too much.
③不可否认,中国在国际舞台上起着重要作用。
China is playing an important role on the international stage.
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1.Now, (电的) shock training and medical treatment are helping to rescue these big birds.
2.The only (受害者) of the accident suffered a serious injury and lost a lot of blood.
3.If you have any questions,please contact me immediately so that I can make some (轻微的) adjustments to our arrangements.
Ⅱ.补全句子
1.I think (没有必要感到沮丧), for things like this usually happen to teenagers, including you.
2.Being a capable man,he handled the difficulty he faced (轻易地).
3. (除非我们坚持每天读英文报), our English level won’t get improved.
4.When he was in trouble in the past,his friends (来帮助他).
5.He (主修) physics and he had qualifications to teach physics in our school.
提示:完成课后作业 UNIT 5 Section Ⅰ (2)
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UNIT 5 FIRST AID
Section I Reading and Thinking
【文本透析·剖语篇】
Pre-reading
Emergency care or treatment given to a sick or injured person before regular medical aid can be obtained.
While-reading
第一步
1.(1)skin (2)Causes (3)Types (4)Characteristics (5)treatment
2.C
第二步
1-4 ADBA
第三步
1.方式状语
条件状语条件状语
如果有必要,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服,除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
2.谓语时间状语
它还有助于控制你的体温,防止你的身体失去太多的水分,当东西太热或太冷时给你警告,还能让
你有触觉。
Post-reading
第一步
First,we should know whether he/she is seriously injured or not.Second,give some basic treatment,
such as placing burns under cool running water and removing any clothes.Third,it would be better to take
him/her to see a doctor.
第二步
1.which 2.to 3.treatment 4.be caused 5.depth
6.millimetres 7.and 8.gently 9.using 10.to take
【随堂检测·要过关】
I.1.act as 2.control your body temperature 3.prevent...from...4.get burnt 5.lead to 6.give
first aid
7.a variety of 8.be divided into 9.reduce the pain
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10.depend on 11.apply...to...12.suffer from
II.1.As you can imagine 2.if necessary 3.Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea 4.there is an
urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once
【核心知识·巧突破】
核心词汇集释
1.Da sense of achievement and pride
2Lacking a sense of direction
2.1make some minor adjustments to our arrangements
②major in English
3.①urgent②urgency;urgently③urges each citizen to play their part④had an urge to open
重点句型解构
1.①Ifso②If possible
2.Dthere is an urgent need 2there is no need to worry about 3There is no denying that
【随堂检测·要过关】
I.1.electric 2.victim 3.minor
II.1.there is no need to feel upset 2.with ease
3.Unless we insist on reading English newspapers every day
4.came to his aid 5.majored in
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