UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-（配套练习）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking 　　 Pre-reading Before reading the passage， answer the following questions. Do you know some Chinese scientists who fight against infectious diseases？ Who are they？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　A.John Snow began his study by marking on a map. Para.2 B.John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Para.3 C.John Snow’s contributions. Para.4 D.John Snow desired to defeat cholera. Para.5 E.The truth of the infection of cholera. 2.What’s the main idea of the text？（　　） A.How John Snow became a well-known doctor in London. B.How John Snow found out the cause and defeated cholera. C.How John Snow changed the way scientists studied diseases. D.How John Snow stopped all people from catching cholera. 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Why was John Snow upset at first？（　　） A.He lost hope to cure cholera. B.He couldn’t become a good doctor. C.He didn’t attend to the Queen well. D.He couldn’t treat cholera. 2.What was the key to finding the evidence？（　　） A.The government. B.The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C.The water company. D.The map marked by Snow. 3.What was John Snow’s attitude when facing “King Cholera”？（　　） A.Negative.　　　　 B.Determined. C.Unconcerned. D.Indifferent. 4.Where does this text probably come from？（　　） A.A newspaper. B.A medical report. C.A book review. D.A TV interview. 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 句式分析：本句是复合句。主句为：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　，until引导　　　　　　 从句； John Snow是　　　　　　， how引导　　　　 从句。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2.Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 句式分析：本句是一个由and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，Through Snow’s tireless efforts为介词短语作　　　　　　；在第二个分句中，saw是谓语动词，意为“　　　　　　　　　　”，可以理解为拟人修辞手法。 自主翻译：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 What can we learn from John Snow when he was facing an epidemic？ 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　In the early 19th century， an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， causing the death of millions of people.John Snow， a young doctor， became 1.　　　　　 （frustrate） since no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.However， he had the desire 2.　　　　　　 （destroy） cholera thoroughly. 　　Snow agreed with the theory that cholera was caused by an 3.　　　　　　 （infect） from germs in food or water， but he needed proof.So when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， he decided to investigate 4.　　　　 it was so severe in two particular streets.He began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.Snow 5.　　　　　　 （suspect） that the water pump was to blame.As a result 6.　　　　 some evidence， he found that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump 7.　　　　　　 （remove） to stop the disease in its tracks.Moreover， Snow later showed 8.　　　　 link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London， some of which sold water that 9.　　　　　　 （pollute） by raw waste. 　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， the threat of cholera decreased 10.　　　　　　 （substantial）.Besides， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①” 　　[1]Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death.In the early 19th century， when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease.[2]As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor， and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨. 　　[1]until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。 　　[2]because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。 　　[3]when引导时间状语从句。 　　In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑪ theories to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the disease.[5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑫ from germs⑬ in food or water. Snow subscribed⑭ to the second theory.It was correct， but he still needed proof⑮.Consequently⑯， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate⑰.[6]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 　　[4][5]两句中的that均引导表语从句，不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。 　　[6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so ...that ...句型，该句型中that引导结果状语从句。 　　[7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple⑱ deaths near the water pump⑲ in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）.However， some households⑳ （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected㉑ that the water pump was to blame㉒. What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered㉓ to her house every day. As a result of㉔ this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly㉕， he had the handle㉖ of the pump removed㉗ [10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention㉘， the disease was stopped in its tracks㉙. 　　[7] 该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语，修饰动词began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。 　　[8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 　　[9]It seemed that ...意为“好像……”；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别人做某事”。 　　[10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。 　　[11]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link㉚ between other cases㉛ of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was polluted by raw㉜ waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure㉝ or boiled water. 　　[11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。 　　[12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River Thames。 　　[13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those； be likely to do sth意为“有可能做某事”。 　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts㉞， water companies began to sell clean water， and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial㉟ decrease㊱.However， cholera is still a problem.Each year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to㊲ the work of John Snow.Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics㊳， Snow transformed㊴ the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology㊵. 　　[14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见证；目睹”。 　　[15]此处是省略了that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 ①cholera n.霍乱 ②used to 过去常常 ③severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 ④diarrhoea n.腹泻 ⑤dehydration n.脱水 ⑥outbreak n.爆发 ⑦frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ⑧attend to照顾 ⑨once and for all 最终地；彻底地 ⑩in general 通常，一般来说 ⑪contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 ⑫infection n.感染；传染 infect vt.使感染；传染 ⑬germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌 ⑭subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） subscribe to同意；赞同 ⑮proof n.证据；证明；检验 ⑯consequently adv.因此；所以 ⑰investigate v.调查 ⑱multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 ⑲pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒 water pump 水泵 ⑳household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 ㉑suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ㉒blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责 ㉓deliver vt.运送；传递 ㉔as a result of 由于……；因为…… ㉕accordingly adv.相应地 ㉖handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等） ㉗remove v.移走 ㉘intervention n.介入；出面；干涉 ㉙track n.轨道；足迹 ㉚link n.联系；纽带vt.把……连接起来；相关联 ㉛case n.病例 ㉜raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 ㉝pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 ㉞tireless efforts不懈的努力 ㉟substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 ㊱decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 ㊲thanks to幸亏；由于 ㊳statistic n.[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 ㊴transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变 ㊵epidemiology n.流行病学 参考译文 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 　　在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 　　关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发霍乱，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 　　斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅），但是有些住户（如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号）却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝从水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措从渠道上遏制了疾病。 　　事情的真相是从宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未经处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 　　经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被视为现代流行病学之父。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　　　　　　　　　　过去常常做某事 2.　　　　　　　 死于 3.　　　　　　　 变得沮丧 4.　　　　　　　 及时；迟早 5.　　　　　　　 照料，处理 6.　　　　　　　 生孩子 7.　　　　　　　 通常，一般来说 8.　　　　　　　 决心做某事 9.　　　　　　　 发现；查明；弄清 10.　　　　　　　 由于这个证据 11.　　　　　　　 很可能做某事 12.　　　　　　　 通过某人不懈的努力 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew 　　　　　　　　　　　　　（如何预防或治疗霍乱）. 2.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 　　　　　　　　　　　　（非常严重以至于） more than 500 people died in ten days. 3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　（让人把水送到她家） every day. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅰ （1） 核心词汇集释 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 教材原句　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 【用法】 （1）feel/be frustrated at/with ...对……感到沮丧/懊恼　 （2）frustrating adj. 令人沮丧的 frustrate vt. 挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心 frustration n. 懊恼；沮丧；挫折 【佳句】　I was frustrated at my poor performance in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes. （心理描写） 我对我在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，懊恼的泪水夺眶而出。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He couldn’t stand the 　　　　　　（frustrate） of not being able to help. ②My brother’s bedroom is always in a mess， and he can never find anything， which is very 　　　　　　（frustrate）. 【写美】　完成句子 ③既沮丧又失望，我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。 （情绪描写） 　　　　　　　　　　　　， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. 2.subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 教材原句　Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。 【用法】 （1）subscribe to　　同意；赞同；捐助；订阅 subscribe ...to ... 在……上签署……；向……捐…… （2）subscriber n. 订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 【佳句】　Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his suggestion. 我们班长提出了一个建议：我们班应该订购一些杂志，班主任同意了他的建议。 【点津】　subscribe to意为“同意，赞成”时，后常跟view， belief， theory等名词作宾语。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①To broaden my horizons and enrich my school life， I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years. 　　　　　 ②It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school， to whom we were sincerely grateful. 　　　　　 【写美】　完成句子 ③问题是你的父母是否会同意你这个暑假去西藏旅行的计划。 The question is whether your parents will 　　　　　　　　　Xizang this summer holiday. 3.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 【用法】 （1）blame sb for （doing） sth责备某人（做了）某事 blame sth on sb 把某事归咎于某人 be to blame （for） 应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备 （2）put the blame on 归咎于…… 【佳句】　Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place. （建议信） 我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 【点津】　在be to blame （for）短语中，主动形式表示被动含义。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rule， was 　　　　　　（blame）. ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning， and put the blame 　　　　the alarm clock. 【写美】　完成句子 ③由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。 （情绪描写） 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， the girl couldn’t help crying bitterly， burying her face in her hands. 4.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 教材原句　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 【用法】 （1）decrease by　　　　　　减少了 decrease （from ...） to （从……）减少到 decrease in 在某方面下降 （2）on the decrease 在下降；在减少 a decrease in sth 某方面的减少/下降 【佳句】　First，with the popularity of e-books，people find it convenient to download books on the Internet，leading to the decrease of traditional readers. 首先，随着电子书的普及，人们发现在互联网上下载书籍很方便，这导致了传统读者的减少。 【联想】　decrease的反义词为increase， 搭配如下： ①increase to ...增加到…… ②increase by ...增加了…… ③on the increase在增加 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Through the doctor’s efforts， the number of people who suffered from the disease 　　　　　（decrease） significantly by the end of last century. ②Compared with last year， the number of the traffic accidents in the city has decreased 　　　　10%. 【写美】　完成句子 ③青少年对中国古代传统和风俗的了解正在减少，因此，我倡议组织各种活动以增进他们的知识和鉴赏力。 Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， so I advocate organising various activities to promote their knowledge and appreciation. 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：so ...that ...如此……以至于…… 教材原句　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，（以至于）十天内就有500多人死亡。 【用法】 （1）引导结果状语从句的两个句型： ①so＋ ②such＋ （2）当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。 【品悟】　He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.（人物描写） 他取得如此大的进步，老师们对他感到很满意。 【写美】　一句多译 ①他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。 （心理描写） →　　　　　　　　　　　　 he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. →　　　　　　　　　　　　 he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. （倒装句） ②即将到来的中国工作坊是如此有意义的活动，以至于吸引了许多交换生。 →The upcoming Chinese workshop is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it appeals to numerous exchange students. →The upcoming Chinese workshop is 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　it appeals to numerous exchange students. 2.句型公式：have sth done 教材原句　It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day. 该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 【用法】 have结构“荟萃” have sb/sth done　使……被……；某人遭遇…… have sb/sth doing 让某人/某物一直…… can’t have sb doing sth 不允许某人做某事 have sb do sth 让某人做某事 have sth to do 有事情要做 【品悟】　We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses. （动作描写） 我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。 【写美】　完成句子 ①这对双胞胎很想让他们的父亲帮他们做早餐。 The twins were eager to 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ②男孩窘得一直双手掩面。 （情感描写） Embarrassed， the boy 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. ③我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。 （道歉信） I am terribly sorry for 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　， because 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　just now. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Because of human activities， the number of some rare animals is 　　　　　　（减少）. 2.Alice was in low spirits because she was 　　　　　　（责怪） for the breakdown of the school computer network. 3.His mum got a 　　　　　　（十分严重的） cold， so he had to be absent from school and attend to her at home. 4.I s　　　　　　 my name to the document，which was very important. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （多亏了这个阅读活动）， I can be more involved in reading classical books. 2.With the help of my father， we 　　　　　　　　　　　　（开始准备） the Mother’s Day surprise again. 3.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 （他英语说得如此清晰，以至于） he can always make himself understood. 提示：完成课后作业　UNIT 1　Section Ⅰ （2） 11 / 11 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $。学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.Zxxk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 学习讲义部分 UNIT 1 SCIENCE AND SCIENTISTS Section I Reading and Thinking 【文本透析·剖语篇】 Pre-reading Yes,I know some scientists,who have made great contributions to the fight against some deadly infectious diseases.They are Zhong Nanshan,Chen Wei,and Li Lanjuan. While-reading 第一步 1.Paras.1-5 DBAEC 2.B 第二步 1-4 DDBA 第三步 1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world时间状语同位语宾语 在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。 2.原因状语经历；目睹 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 Post-reading 第一步 When facing an epidemic,we should find the cause of it,cut off the transmission route of the virus, develop vaccines and find the cure for it. 第二步 1.frustrated 2.to destroy 3.infection 4.why 5.suspected 6.of 7.removed 8.a 9.was/had been polluted 10.substantially 【随堂检测·要过关】 I.1.used to do sth 2.die from/of 3.become frustrated 4.in time 5.attend to 6.give birth 7.in general 1/2 ·独家授权侵权必究· 学科网书城画 品牌书店·知名教辅·正版资源 b.ZxXk.com● 您身边的互联网+教辅专家 8.be determined to do sth 9.find out 10.as a result of this evidence 11.be likely to do sth 12.through one's tireless efforts II.1.how to prevent or treat cholera 2.so severe that 3.had it delivered to her house 【核心知识·巧突破】 核心词汇集释 l.①frustration②frustrating③Frustrated and disappointed 2.①订阅②捐助③subscribe to your plan to travel to 3.①to blame②on③Blamed for not performing well in the examination 4.①had decreased②by③is on the decrease/is decreasing 重点句型解构 1.1He was so nervous that;So nervous was he that 2so meaningful an activity that;such a meaningful activity that 2.1have their father help them with the breakfast 2had his hands covering his face 3having you waiting for me for so long:I had an urgent thing to attend to 【随堂检测·要过关】 I.1.decreasing 2.blamed 3.severe 4.subscribed II.1.Thanks to the reading activity 2.got down to preparing 3.So clearly does he speak English that 2/2 ·独家授权侵权必究·