U5 Section Ⅱ Learning About Language-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦动词-ing形式这一核心语法点，系统梳理其一般式与完成式的时态语态（主动doing/being done、完成having done/having been done）及句法功能（作主语、宾语、表语、宾补、定语、状语），通过“先感悟真题例句—会发现语法规律—善归纳知识框架—运用练巩固提升”的学习支架，构建从形式到意义再到使用的完整学习脉络。 该资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为设计核心，融入2024浙江卷、2022新高考Ⅰ卷等真题实例，结合申请信、邀请信等写作场景，助力学生提升语言运用能力。通过分层练习（单句语法填空、完成句子）培养分析归纳的思维品质，课中辅助教师高效授课，课后帮助学生自主查漏补缺，强化学习能力。

Section Ⅱ　Learning About Language 动词-ing形式 　　①Learning some knowledge about first aid is necessary.There are always some small accidents ②happening in our daily lives.③Facing some emergencies， we should keep calm and perform first aid to the victim， which can make a difference.Therefore， I suggest ④attending first aid classes. 1.①处蓝体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作主语； 2.②处蓝体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作定语； 3.③处蓝体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作状语； 4.④处蓝体部分为动词-ing形式在句中作宾语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、 动词-ing形式一般式和完成式 【先感悟】 ①（2024·浙江1月卷） Being a freshman， she tended to get lost in the 6-story maze， leaving her so helpless. ②（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Hearing my words，he nodded his head up and down. ③Having worked an entire morning， everyone was so satisfied but unwilling to leave. ④Not only is handwriting an art but it can stimulate our brain and prevent us from being distracted. ⑤Having been exposed to Chinese paintings since my childhood， I can get visitors to know more about them.　（申请信） 【会发现】 1.句①②为动词-ing作状语，与逻辑主语之间为　主谓　关系； 2.句③Having worked 为动词-ing的　完成式　； 3.句④为动词-ing形式的　被动　语态； 4.句⑤为动词-ing完成式的　被动　语态。 【善归纳】 动词-ing形式是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加-ing构成，可以在句子中作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语和定语。动词-ing形式的时态和语态为： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 （not） doing （not） being done 完成式 （not） having done （not） having been done 【运用练】　单句语法填空 ①　Having understood　 （understand） this，I took a deep breath and sat back into my seat，pretending I was really on a roller coaster. ②　Having been told　 （tell） many times，he still made the same silly mistake. ③　Being invited　 （invite） to the party was a great honour to the family. ④（2023·1月浙江卷）When I opened my hand， the bird did not fly away； she sat 　looking　 （look） at me with her bright eyes. ⑤　Living　 （live） in an information era， we have easy and convenient access to various English learning resources. 二、动词-ing形式的句法功能 （一）动词-ing形式作主语和宾语 【先感悟】 　①（2024·九省联考）Running is a great way to get in shape and just about everyone can do it. ②Being blamed for the breakdown of the computer made me quite frustrated. ③It is no use crying over spilt milk. ④（2024·1月浙江卷）This simple routine involves standing up from your desk， stretching your arms， legs and back， and taking a few deep breaths. ⑤（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）We can save at least twenty minutes by walking through the park. 【会发现】 1.句①②③为动词-ing形式作　主语　， 句②为动词-ing形式的被动语态作　主语　；句③为It作　形式主语　， 真正的主语为动词-ing形式工； 2.句④⑤为动词-ing形式作　宾　语。 【善归纳】 1.动词-ing形式作主语 （1）动词-ing形式作主语时，往往表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 （2）单个的动词-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 （3）动词-ing形式在句中作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而把动词-ing形式放在句后。常用于以下句型：It is ＋ no use/no good/fun/a waste of time ...＋ doing sth。 2.动词-ing形式作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 常接动词-ing形式作宾语的动词可用下面的口诀帮助记忆： 避免错过少延期（avoid，miss，postpone） 建议完成多练习（advise/suggest，finish，practise） 喜欢想象禁不住（enjoy，imagine，can’t help） 承认否定与嫉妒（admit，deny，envy） 逃避冒险莫原谅（escape，risk，excuse） 忍受保持不介意（stand，keep，mind） （2）作介词（but，except除外）的宾语 【运用练】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①　Being　 （be） in such a wild but beautiful place makes me feel blessed to be alive.　（情感描写） ②It is no good 　saying　 （say） such rude words to him. ③（2024·1月浙江卷）Each child was told if they waited for 15 minutes before 　eating　 （eat） the treat， they would be given a second treat. ④（2024·1月浙江卷）Jessica Pink， an undergraduate student， suggests 　taking　 （take） online courses with a friend ... ⑤　Walking alone in the dark forest　 was so frightening as to make my hair stand on end. 独自走在黑暗的树林里吓得我毛骨悚然。 （二）动词-ing形式作表语和宾语补足语 【先感悟】 ①The real question is getting to know the needs of the people. ②His concern for his mother is very moving. ③（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）At that moment，I saw a beautiful butterfly flying in the sky. ④I felt somebody standing behind me. ⑤We kept the fire burning all night long. ⑥With so many people looking at her，she felt nervous. 【会发现】 1.句①②为动词-ing形式作　表语　； 2.句③④⑤⑥为动词-ing形式作　宾语补足语　。 【善归纳】 1.动词-ing形式作表语 ①动词-ing形式作表语，表示抽象概念的动作，这种动作未必正在进行。 ②动词-ing形式作表语，表示主语的性质或特征，意为“令人……的”。 2.动词-ing形式作宾语补足语 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语，表示一个正在进行的主动动作或一种状态，作宾语补足语的动词-ing形式与其前的宾语存在逻辑上的主动关系。能用动词-ing形式作宾语补足语的常见动词： ①表示感觉和心理状态的动词，即“感官动词（组）”，常见的有see， hear， feel， smell， find， notice， observe， look at， listen to等。 ②表示“叫、让、使”等指使意义的动词，即“使役动词”，常见的有have， let， keep， get， leave等。 名师点津 with复合结构（with＋宾语＋宾语补足语）当宾语和宾语补足语之间构成主谓关系，且表示动作的进行时，宾语补足语用动词-ing形式。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Her job is 　keeping　 （keep） the lecture hall as clean as possible. ②（2023·全国乙卷） Learning about the requirements of each plant can be very 　rewarding　（reward）. ③The moment I saw the bear 　biting　 （bite） the wire fence， I held my breath， not daring to move an inch. ④（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）After making sure that David could run if he wanted， I turned to find him 　coming　 （come） towards me. ⑤（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）We can’t keep him 　waiting　 （wait） outside our home.We have to hurry. ⑥随着校园艺术节的临近，一场以学生原创作品为特色的展览即将举行。 　With the Campus Art Festival approaching　， an exhibition featuring original works of students is to be held.　（邀请信） （三）动词-ing作定语和状语 【先感悟】 ①She glanced at the sleeping child and then hurried away. ②I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. ③（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）He has sent two messages saying that he’s done with his work at the office. ＝He has sent two messages which say that he’s done with his work at the office. ④Having figured out what had happened， we rushed downstairs. ＝After we had figured out what had happened， we rushed downstairs. ⑤We students stood up to show gratitude to our teachers，wishing them a happy new year. ⑥Being responsible， honest and selfless， he is respected by everyone. ＝Because he is responsible， honest and selfless， he is respected by everyone. 【会发现】 1.句①②③为动词-ing形式作　定语　； 2.句④⑤⑥为动词-ing形式作　状语　。 【善归纳】 1.动词-ing形式作定语 ①动词-ing形式作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。 ②动词-ing形式短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。 名师点津 动词-ing形式、动词-ed形式和不定式作定语之间的区别： ①The building being built now is our new school.（表被动、进行） 现在在建的大楼是我们的新学校。 ②The building built three years ago is in ruins.（表被动、完成） 三年前建的那座大楼已成废墟。 ③The building to be built next year will be very beautiful.（表被动、将来） 明年要建的那座大楼将会非常漂亮。 2.动词-ing形式作状语 ①动词-ing形式（短语）作状语时，可以在句中充当让步、时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、伴随或补充说明等状语，与句子的主语有逻辑上的主谓关系（是主动的），有时可以转化成相应的状语从句。 ②高中阶段有一些固定的动词-ing形式（短语），如generally speaking（一般来说）， judging from ...（根据……来判断）， considering ...（考虑到……）， supposing ...（假如……）等，它们的逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致。这类词或短语可以被称为句子的状语，也可当作一个插入语。 Judging from his accent， he must come from Canada. 从他的口音判断，他一定来自加拿大。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①There has been a rise in the number of students 　applying　 （apply） for food courses at UK universities and colleges. ②The topic 　being discussed　 （discuss） now has drawn some experts’ attention. ③There are several factors 　contributing　 （contribute） to the outbreak of sandstorm. ④　Occupying　 （occupy） himself in translating books all the time， he has no time to go camping with his family. ⑤　Seeing　 （see） his figure disappearing into thick evergreen forest， I felt relieved. ⑥得知你即将前往美国，我急切地写信，对你的帮助表示衷心的感谢。 　Learning that you’re leaving for　 the United States soon，I’m eagerly writing to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help. ⑦因为不知道如何解这道物理难题，他求助于老师。 　Not knowing how to work out the difficult physics problem　， he asked the teacher for help. ⑧看到我们走近，她笑逐颜开，露出了漂亮的小牙齿。　（神态描写） 　Seeing us approaching　， she smiled joyfully， exposing nice little teeth. 1.slip vi.滑倒；滑落；溜走n.滑倒；小错误；纸条 教材原句　When he got out of the bathtub， he slipped and fell on the floor. 当他从浴缸里出来时，他滑倒在地板上。 【用法】 slip away　　　　消失；悄悄溜走 slip down　　（成绩等）下滑 slip in　　悄悄溜入，混入 slip out　　溜出；掉落；无意中说出 slip over　　滑倒 【佳句】　He was walking cautiously along the road when his feet slipped and he fell over.　（动作描写） 他正小心翼翼沿着路走着，突然他脚下一滑摔倒在地。 【写美】　完成句子 ①得知你的成绩一直下滑，我感到很遗憾。 I feel sorry to know your grades 　have been slipping down　. ②就是在他爸爸睡觉的时候，小男孩溜出了他的房间。 It was while his father was sleeping that the boy 　slipped out of his room　. ③露营开始的那天，我爷爷滑倒了，胳膊受伤了。 My grandpa 　slipped over and had his arm hurt　 the day the camp started. 2.delay vi.& vt.推迟；延期（做某事） vt.耽误；耽搁n.延误；耽搁（的时间）；推迟 教材原句　After arriving， the ambulance team quickly found Mrs Taylor and without delay gave her oxygen， put in an IV needle， and checked her vital signs. 救援队到达之后，很快就发现了泰勒女士，然后立刻给她输氧进行静脉注射并检查她的生命体征。 【用法】 （1）delay （doing） sth　 　　推迟（做）某事 （2）without delay　　毫不耽搁；立刻 one’s delay in doing sth　　某人做某事推迟/延期 （3）delayed adj.　　延时的 【佳句】　Mac jumped off the bike and slid into the car without delay as the wolf was about to tear him into pieces.（动作描写） 狼正要把他撕成碎片时，麦克毫不犹豫地从自行车上跳下来，钻进了车里。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①They decide to have more workers for the project so that it won’t 　be delayed　 （delay）. ②As the old saying goes，“Never delay 　doing　 （do） something you should finish today.” 【写美】　完成句子 ③做事拖拖拉拉不是好习惯。 It’s a bad habit 　to delay doing things　. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.（2024·九省联考）Experts suggest 　increasing　 （increase） your running distance by no more than 10% each week. 2.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）He looked at me with firm eyes，　showing　 （show） his usual big smile. 3.（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Hearing my words， David turned to me tremblingly with tears 　spilling　 （spill） out of his eyes. 4.　Collecting　 （collect） enough information about the experiment is quite necessary to make sure that the data is correct. 5.Standing on the top of the mountain is an ancient tower 　dating　 （date） back to two hundred years ago. Ⅱ.完成句子 1.完成赛跑对我们来说很有挑战性，但是没有人放弃。 　To finish the race is really challenging for us　， but no one gave up. 2.一天早上，安的邻居特蕾西发现一只走失的狗在当地的一所中学周围游荡。 One morning， Ann’s neighbor Tracy found a lost dog 　wandering around　 the local middle school. 3.每当我在学习上有困难，我首先会做的就是联系我的老师。 Whenever I have difficulty with my studies， 　contacting my teachers　 is what I will do first. Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1.We had great difficulty 　breathing　 （breathe）， for the air was thin. 2.It’s no use 　arguing　 （argue） with Mary about it； she won’t follow your advice. 3.　Committing　 （commit） himself to the development of education， he volunteered to teach in mountainous areas after graduation. 4.Faced with so many problems 　arising　 （arise） from lack of communication， I don’t know how to deal with them independently. 5.　Having retired　 （retire） from work for several years， he is used to the current leisure life. 6.During the memorable experience， I spent a large quantity of time 　helping　 （help） the elderly with daily tasks and offering companionship to them. 7.Personally， I think 　using　 （use） electronic dictionary pens should be allowed， which will help us learn English more conveniently. 8.The boy 　being scolded　 （scold） by the teacher lowered his head，tears of sadness streaming down his cheeks. 9.That night， there were millions of people 　watching　 （watch） the opening ceremony live on TV. 10.On that day， family members will get together， 　having　 （have） a big feast. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.他握着我的手说：“恭喜你！你是个好作家，继续写作吧。” （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）　Holding my hands　，he said，“Congratulations！ You are a good writer，so keep writing.” 2.我希望你继续努力写作，这样你就能使它们更生动。 （2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I hope you keep 　working on your writing　， so you can bring them to life. 3.得知学校将开设英语角的消息后，我写信来提几点建议。 　Learning that an English corner will be opened in our school　， I’m writing to give some advice. 4.进行体育锻炼是一种很好的缓解压力和改善心情的方式。 　Doing physical activity　 is a great way to relieve stress and improve your mood. 5.因粗鲁行为向老师道歉后，他承诺以后不再犯同样的错误。 　Having apologized to his teacher for his rude manners　，he made a promise that he wouldn’t make the same mistake. 6.随着世界变成地球村，英语变得越来越重要。 　With the world becoming a global village　，English is becoming more and more important. 7.有一条小河流过农场。 There is a small river 　flowing through the farm　. 8.我犹豫了一会儿，揣摩如何掩饰内心的尴尬。 I hesitated for a moment， 　wondering how to hide my inner embarrassment　.　（情感描写） Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·葫芦岛高二上期末）During my second year in high school， I got sick and missed a few days.When I 　1　， I was greeted with two essays due， three days of math and history homework， plus several tests.　2　， I went home from school that day tired， I had to stay up really late to finish them all. 　　The next day at school， I got a rude awakening： I’d totally forgotten to prepare for the 　3　 on Romeo and Juliet， which would take 　4　 my lunch hour！ Worse still， I had 　5　 the in-class discussion and all the notes.When lunch came， I went to the English room to face my certain doom （厄运）.All I could do was try to 　6　 on the questions I didn’t know. 　　As it turned out， I didn’t know the majority of the questions.I was just about to give 　7　 when my pencil accidentally fell and broke.Standing by the blackboard sharpening my pencil， I 　8　 down and there was the answer for the test！ “What good fortune！ I can kiss good-bye to all my 　9　 of failing the test！” My heart started beating， and my brain 　10　， “Yes！ Read over the answer — quickly！” This was quickly followed by another voice， “No！ You’ll get caught！” My mind was turning back and forth， Yes！ No！ Yes！ No！...This went on for ten of the 　11　 seconds in my entire life. 　　Finally， I decided to finish the test on my own， without 　12　！ I was satisfied with my decision but pretty 　13　 I had failed the test. 　　The next day when I walked into the English room， my great joy of having been an 　14　 soul changed into a wave of doom as I saw my test paper lying face down on my desk.I knew what awaited me.I stared at it a few seconds before I got up the 　15　 to turn it over.You can only imagine my shock when I learned that I had passed the test！ My mom says the victories that take the most courage are won within.Now I know exactly what she means. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者面对考试作弊的诱惑，最终坚守诚信的故事。 1.A.arrived　　 B.appeared C.finished　　 D.returned 解析：D　根据上文During my second year in high school， I got sick and missed a few days.可知，作者由于生病缺了几天课，此处表示作者回到学校时，有很多作业要完成。 2.A.If　　 B.Until C.Although　　 D.Because 解析：C　根据went home from school that day tired， I had to stay up really late to finish them all可知，逗号前后存在让步转折关系，应用Although引导让步状语从句。 3.A.lecture　　 B.test C.play　　 D.essay 解析：B　此处指作者完全忘了准备《罗密欧与朱丽叶》的测试。take a test“参加考试”。 4.A.over　　 B.upon C.by　　 D.toward 解析：A　根据take可知，此处指在午餐时间参加考试。take over my lunch hour意为“占用午餐时间”。 5.A.lost　　 B.carried C.missed　　 D.dropped 解析：C　根据语境可知，作者错过课堂讨论和所有的笔记。 6.A.depend　　 B.agree C.guess　　 D.improve 解析：C　根据on the questions I didn’t know可知，此处指作者只能试着猜测他不会的题。 7.A.off　　 B.up C.out　　 D.away 解析：B　根据上文As it turned out， I didn’t know the majority of the questions.可知，大部分的问题作者都不会，所以此处指他正准备放弃。 8.A.wrote　　 B.settled C.calmed　　 D.looked 解析：D　根据上文my pencil accidentally fell和句中there was the answer for the test可知，此处指作者往下看时，看到了考试的答案。look down“往下看”。 9.A.worries　　 B.boredom C.loneliness　　 D.tiredness 解析：A　此处指作者看到了答案，不用担心考试不及格了。 10.A.persuaded　　 B.whispered C.warned　　 D.chanted 解析：B　根据Yes！ Read over the answer — quickly！可知，此处指作者的大脑在低语，让他快速看一遍答案。 11.A.coldest　　 B.saddest C.longest　　 D.fastest 解析：C　根据上文My mind turning back and forth， Yes！ No！ Yes！ No！...可知，作者在作弊和诚实之间纠结，所以此处指这是在他一生中感觉最漫长的十秒钟。 12.A.suffering　　 B.cheating C.checking　　 D.thinking 解析：B　根据Finally， I decided to finish the test on my own可知，作者决定独立完成考试，不作弊。 13.A.certain　　 B.regretful C.annoyed　　 D.relieved 解析：A　根据上文As it turned out， I didn’t know the majority of the questions.可知，此处指作者虽然对自己的决定很满意，但很确定自己会考试不及格。 14.A.open　　 B.optimistic C.honest　　 D.energetic 解析：C　根据上文可知，作者决定独立完成考试，不作弊，所以此处指作者为自己是一个诚实的人而感到非常高兴。 15.A.wisdom　　 B.courage C.encouragement　　 D.intention 解析：B　根据上文I was satisfied with my decision but pretty 　13　 I had failed the test.可知，作者以为自己不及格，所以此处指作者鼓起勇气把试卷翻过来。get up the courage意为“鼓起勇气”，为固定搭配。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　We rarely go about our 16.　　　　　　（day） lives thinking and preparing for the worst circumstances.Fires， car accidents， heart attacks and other emergency situations may come about at any moment.Many dangers are around us constantly.How will we react in those times？ Sometimes， it’s better 17.　　　　　　 （get） prepared for the worst.There are 18.　　　　　　 number of things we can do by learning a few life-saving skills for conditions 19.　　　　　　 our control. 　　One necessary skill we can arm 20.　　　　　　 （we） with is mastering CPR.This can come in 21.　　　　　　 （especial） handy for those in the restaurants and dining industries.Statistics have shown that people choking on their food while 22.　　　　　　 （eat） is not uncommon at all.A similar skill that would come in handy in addition to CPR is the Heimlich maneuver， 23.　　　　　　 can be used to get out a foreign object （异物） from someone who is choking. 　　Our health is our greatest investment among all the things.While we can’t guard against all misfortunes and diseases， getting to know some first-aid skills 24.　　　　　 （be） quite useful.It doesn’t need much time or money， but we may give an 25.　　　　　　 （extend） of life to other people through proper help. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在日常生活中我们应该学习的一些急救技能。 16.daily　修饰名词lives，应用形容词作定语。故填daily。 17.to get　it’s＋adj.＋to do sth意为“做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，真正的主语为不定式结构。故填to get。 18.a　a number of意为“许多”，故填a。句意：通过学习一些救生技能，我们可以在无法控制的情况下做很多事情。 19.beyond　beyond one’s control意为“超出某人的控制”。故填beyond。句意：参见上题解析。 20.ourselves　arm oneself with sth.意为“以……为武器；用……把自己武装起来”。故填ourselves。 21.especially　修饰形容词handy，应用副词作状语。故填especially。 22.eating　while引导时间状语从句时，如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且谓语包含be动词，那么从句的主语和be动词都可以省略。主语people与eat之间为主动关系，所以用动词-ing形式。故填eating。 23.which　空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Heimlich maneuver，指物，在定语从句中作主语。故填which。 24.is　陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。动词-ing形式作主语，谓语动词应用单数形式。故填is。 25.extension　不定冠词an和介词of之间应用名词的单数形式。故填extension。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $