U1 Section Ⅲ Using Language-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“科学体验与科学家精神”核心主题，构建“听力理解-词汇句型-阅读分析-写作输出”完整学习支架。先通过听力清障（如shadow, rainbow等词汇）和二次开发（测试、填空）提升科学情境下的语言理解能力，再结合钱学森、霍金事迹阅读，系统学习核心词汇（如defend, in charge of）和重点句型（否定词+比较级、not only...but also...），最终落实到“The Scientist I Admire Most”写作实践。 资料亮点在于融合语言能力与思维品质培养，听力部分通过科学博物馆对话情境训练推理判断（如抓关键信息推断地点），词汇句型采用“用法-佳句-练透-写美”分层设计（如pour的短语搭配及写作应用），写作指导提供范文与步骤解析。课中助力教师实施情境化教学，课后帮助学生通过词汇练习、句型仿写查漏补缺，提升自主学习能力。

Section Ⅲ　Using Language Part Ⅰ　Talk about scientific experiences 一、听力清障 1.shadow n.阴影；影子；背光处 2.rainbow n.彩虹 3.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） 4.reflect vt.反射 5.a hall of mirrors一大厅的镜子 6.look at a blue screen看着一个蓝色的屏幕 7.cast different shadows投射出不同的阴影 8.a giant piano keyboard一个巨大的钢琴键盘 二、教材听力二次开发 （一）听力测试 1.How is Bill feeling now？ （　　） A.Terrible. B.Much better. C.Just so-so. 2.Where are the people in the conversation going ？（　　） A.A science museum. B.A cinema. C.A theatre. 3.What kinds of things can you do there？（　　） A.Learn about knowledge of music. B.Learn about space travel. C.Try different activities to learn about sound， light and reflection. 答案：1－3　BAC （二）听力填空 Judy：Oh， I’m so sorry that you were ill and couldn’t come with us on our field trip.How are you feeling now？ Better？ Bill：Much better， thanks.But how was it？ Judy：Wonderful！ I especially liked 1.　an area of the museum called Light Games.It was really cool.They had a hall of mirrors where I could 2.　see myself reflected thousands of times　！ Bill：A hall of mirrors can be a lot of fun.What else did they have？ Judy：Well， they had an experiment where we looked at a blue screen for a while， and then suddenly we could 3.　see tiny bright lights moving around　 on it.You’ll never guess what those bright lights were！ Bill：Come on， tell me！ Judy：They were our own blood cells.For some reason， our eyes 4.　play tricks on us　 when we look at a blue screen， and we can see our own blood cells moving around like little lights！ But there was another thing I liked better.I stood in front of a white light， and it cast different shadows of me， in every colour of the rainbow！ Bill：Oh， I wish I had been there.Tell me more！ Judy：Well， they had another area for sound.They had a giant piano keyboard that you could use your feet to play.But then， instead of playing the sounds of a piano， it 5.　played the voices of classical singers　！ Then they had a giant dish， and when you speak into it， it reflected the sound back and made it louder.You could use it to 6.　speak in a whisper　 to someone 17 metres away. Bill：It all sounds so cool.I wish I could have gone with you. Judy：I know， but we can go together this weekend.I’d love to go there again！ Bill：That sounds like a great idea！ 如何解推理判断题 　　推理判断类听力题主要考查考生对听力材料中隐含的深层含义的理解能力。它要求考生能根据听力内容做出合乎逻辑的推断，包括考生对观点的理解、态度的判断，对修辞、语气、隐含意思等的理解。此类题型常见的解题策略如下： 1.抓住关键信息进行正向或逆向推理 要抓住所听到内容中的关键信息，即某些关键词语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向或逆向进行推理，推断出听力中隐含的信息，如对话中出现的时间、地点、人物关系等信息。 2.运用已有知识、经验，结合听到的相关内容进行推理 3.利用听到的背景信息，进行整体推理判断 4.抓住材料主旨，避免掉入细节理解题的陷阱 Part Ⅱ　Write about what makes a great scientist 1.Why did Qian Xuesen come back to China？（　　） A.He wanted to serve his country. B.He met with difficulties in America. C.He was a hero in China. D.He missed his family. 2.What made Qian Xuesen so creative and outstanding according to the passage？（　　） A.His strong interest in art like music and drawing. B.His research in the United States. C.His friends’ encouragement. D.His habit of reading a lot. 3.What does the word “holds” in the sentence “The first was the steady state theory，which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.” mean？（　　） A.Gets.　　 B.Points. C.Closes.　　 D.Declares. 4.What helped Hawking in his fight against the disease？（　　） A.Cleverness.　　 B.Dreams. C.Determination.　　 D.Mistakes. 答案：1－4　AADC 核心词汇集释 1.pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） 【用法】 pour down　　　　（雨）倾盆而下；（泪水）流下 pour out　　涌出；倒出 pour in　　涌入 pour ...into ...　　朝……里面倒… 【佳句】　Rain poured down from the sky，making it more difficult for us to find our way home.So frustrated were we that tears poured down our cheeks. 大雨倾盆而下，使我们更难找到回家的路。我们非常沮丧，泪水从脸颊上滑落。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The Great Wall is such a well-known tourist attraction that millions of tourists pour 　in　 every year. ②You have poured your sweat， your blood， and your heart 　into　 this game. 【写美】　完成句子 ③一下课，激动的学生疯狂地欢呼着从教室蜂拥而出。　（动作描写） With the class over， the thrilled students 　poured out of the classroom　， cheering wildly. 2.break out （战争、打斗等不愉快的事情）突然开始；爆发 教材原句　However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 【用法】 break away from　挣脱；逃离 break down　　（谈判）失败；出故障；（身体） 垮掉；分解；消除（分歧） break in　　打断谈话；插话；闯入（行窃）（不加宾语） break into　　强行闯入 break up　　打碎，破碎；结束；解散；衰落 【佳句】　Unluckily，a terrible quarrel broke out between my best friend and me.What’s worse，I broke up with her and we didn’t know how to break down our disagreement.不幸的是，我最好的朋友和我爆发了激烈的争吵。更糟糕的是，我和她的关系破裂了，我们不知道如何消除我们的分歧。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①I was still sleeping when the fire broke 　out　， and then it spread quickly. ②He broke 　in　 rudely， “I am not to blame.” Then he stormed out of the room in extreme anger. ③The truck my dad drove often broke 　down　 on the way，which made my dad in trouble. 【写美】　完成句子 ④我们必须摆脱这些对我们身心健康有不良影响的旧风俗。　（建议信） We must 　break away from the old customs　 which have a bad influence on our mental and physical health. 3.defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 【用法】 （1）defend ...from/against （doing）...　　　　　　　　　保护……免受…… defend oneself from/against sth保护自己不受……；对……为自己辩护 （2）defence n.　　防御；辩护；保卫 in defence of　　保卫；为……辩护 in sb’s defence　　为某人辩护 （3）defensive adj.　　防御性的；自我保护的 【佳句】　Mac jumped off the bike， seized the bike and threw it at the wolf with all his strength to defend himself.　（肢体动作描写） Mac跳下自行车，抓起自行车，用尽全力把它扔向狼来保护自己。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①People should try their best to defend the environment 　against/from　 pollution. ②My assistant stepped back appearing surprised and put up her hands as if in 　defence　 （defend） of herself. 【写美】　一句多译 ③看到这条凶猛的蛇，他像箭一样冲过去保护儿子。　（肢体动作描写） →Seeing the fierce snake， he 　rushed to defend his son like an arrow　.（defend） →Seeing the fierce snake， he 　rushed in defence of his son like an arrow　.（defence） 4.in charge of 主管；掌管；负责 教材原句　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 【用法】 （1）in the charge of　　由……负责；被……掌管 take charge of　　负责/看管（表动作） free of charge　　免费 （2）charge （sb） for ...　　为……（向某人）收费/要价 charge sb with （doing） sth　　指控某人（做）某事 【佳句】　Tears of sadness and terror poured down the boy’s cheeks，because he was charged with stealing the woman’s gold ring.　（情绪描写） 悲伤和恐惧的泪水顺着男孩的脸颊流淌下来，因为他被控告偷了那位女士的金戒指。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①The West Branch of Suzhou Museum is scheduled to open to the public free 　of　 charge. ②Could I speak to whoever is 　in　 charge of International Sales， please？ 【写美】　同义句转换 ③I will be in charge of the English speech competition，which makes me greatly honored. →The English speech competition will 　be in the charge of me　， which makes me greatly honored. →I will 　take charge of the English speech competition　， which makes me greatly honored. 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：“否定词＋比较级”表达最高级含义 教材原句　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen. 也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大的了。 【用法】 （1）否定词＋比较级＝最高级，意为“没有比……更……；没有像……一样……”，常用的否定词有：no，not，never，nothing，nobody，hardly等。 （2）can/could＋never/not＋ ...＋形容词/副词＋enough＝can/could＋never/not＋ ...＋too＋形容词/副词，意为“再怎么……也不为过”。 【品悟】　As far as I am concerned， nothing is more significant than keeping physically and mentally healthy.As a result，I can’t stress the importance of keeping balance between our studies and relaxation too much. 在我看来，没有什么比保持身心健康更重要的了。因此，我怎么强调保持学习和放松之间的平衡的重要性也不为过。 【写美】　完成句子 ①“没有人比你更热心了。我真是太感谢你了。”大卫激动地说，声音颤抖着。 “　Nobody is more warm-hearted than you.I 　can’t thank you enough　，” David said excitedly，his voice trembling. ②我深信没有一个地方比位于我们图书馆三楼的自习室更适合学习的了。 I am greatly convinced that 　no place is more suitable for studying than　 the self-study room located on the third floor of our library. ③我坚信没有人比我们班长更适合当候选人了。　（推荐信） I hold the firm belief that nobody is a 　more qualified　 candidate than our monitor. 2.句型公式：not only ...but also ...不仅……而且…… 教材原句　He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme. 他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。 【用法】 （1）not only ...but also ...意为“不仅……而且……”，连接两个平行结构，当连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词要根据but also 后的名词决定单复数（就近原则）； （2）not only位于句首时，not only后面的句子要用部分倒装，but also后面的句子不倒装。 【品悟】　The experience not only provided me with an opportunity to connect my artistic creation with nature，but also enhanced my willingness to take inspiration from nature in the future.　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷） 这段经历不仅让我有机会将自己的艺术创作与自然联系起来，也增强了我今后从自然中汲取灵感的意愿。 【写美】　一句多译/句型转换 ①我们不仅要尊重这些伟大的科学家，而且要学习他们的科学精神。 →We should 　not only show respect for these great scientists　， but we should also learn the scientific spirits from them. →　Not only should we show respect for　 these great scientists， but we should also learn the scientific spirits from them.　（倒装句） ②We not only gained knowledge of gardening but also had a better understanding of nature from this activity. →　Not only did we gain knowledge of gardening　 but also had a better understanding of nature from this activity.　（倒装句） Step 1｜品教材课文 THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE 　　Perhaps no other scientist has had a greater impact on China’s aerospace science than Qian Xuesen.Described by the authors of the Story of Qian Xuesen as a man with “great scientific thought and scientific spirit” who was patriotic and served his homeland with effort， achievement， and devotion， Qian was an extremely well-respected man. 　　Born in Shanghai in 1911， Qian attended schools in Beijing and then entered Shanghai Jiao Tong University to study Railway Mechanical Engineering.[1]However， after the Songhu Battle broke out in 1932， Qian made the decision to switch his major to aviation because he realised that China needed its own powerful air force to protect and defend the country. 　　[1]这是一个复合句。after引导时间状语从句；because引导原因状语从句。 　　Qian went to the United States in 1935 to pursue his graduate studies.Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s， Qian became a pioneer in American jet and rocket technology.As a graduate assistant at the California Institute of Technology during the 1930s， Qian helped conduct important research into rocket propulsion， and in the 1940s， he and several other people founded the Jet Propulsion Laboratory， now one of NASA’s leading space-exploration centres. 　　After overcoming some difficulties during his final few years in the US， Qian returned to China in 1955.He received a hero’s welcome from his homeland and was put in charge of not only developing China’s rocket science but also its space and missile programme.At that time， China was poor and its rocket science was undeveloped.No institute or university in China offered rocket science as a major， and there were no talents or experts in this field in China.Nevertheless， Qian did not let that discourage him from taking on the challenge.When he was asked “Can we Chinese possibly make missiles？”， his reply was a determined “Why not？ We Chinese are able to make the same things that other people make.” 　　[2]Under Qian’s leadership， China developed the Dongfeng missiles， followed by the first generation of Long March rockets.In 1970， China successfully launched its first man-made satellite， Dong Fang Hong Ⅰ， from a Long March rocket.Because much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft can also be traced back to Qian’s research， Qian earned the name of “the father of China’s aerospace”. 　　[2]这是一个简单句。过去分词短语followed by ...在句中作状语。 　　Qian read a lot and was extremely knowledgeable， especially in the area of frontier science research.However， what might have made him such an outstanding and creative scientist was probably his strong interest in other things， such as music and drawing.His deep appreciation for art often gave him inspiration in his scientific research. 　　On 31 October 2009， the whole country was saddened by Qian’s death， and people honoured and remembered him in different ways. A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT 　　Stephen Hawking was one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics.Most people are familiar with images of him in his wheelchair， unable to move and using a computer to talk.[3]Since he came down with a disease which caused him to lose the use of most of his muscles， his world became one of abstract thought. 　　[3]这是一个复合句。since引导时间状语从句；which引导定语从句。 　　Hawking first achieved fame when he was still healthy enough to walk， as a graduate student in physics at Cambridge University in 1964.In general， there were two main theories on the origin of the universe.The first was the steady state theory， which holds that the universe has no beginning or end.The other was the big bang theory， which holds that the universe began at a single point in time and space.The biggest champion of the steady state concept was Fred Hoyle， a professor at Cambridge.During the question and answer period after one of Hoyle’s lectures， Hawking stood up and pointed out that Hoyle had made a mistake in his maths.Once the maths was corrected， it showed that the big bang theory — and not the steady state theory — was true.Hawking’s own work on the big bang theory was soon proven by astronomers with telescopes.A star was born. 　　So， what made Stephen Hawking a genius？ Besides being brilliant， he was brave， though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say， and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore， he was quite determined.This had helped him as a scientist， and had helped him even more in his fight against his disease.Above all， Hawking was willing to admit his faults.This odd combination of characteristics had made him one of the greatest thinkers of the 20th and 21st centuries. Step 2｜析写作手法 　　本部分有两个阅读语篇，标题分别为THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE和A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT，从不同的角度简要叙述了科学家钱学森和史蒂芬·霍金的经历、重要贡献、性格特点以及他们所具备的科学素养。 　　第一篇文章THE FATHER OF CHINA’S AEROSPACE，首段先用“否定词＋比较级”的句式结构介绍了钱学森在科学界的地位，然后用过去分词短语作状语及定语从句举例说明他具备的科学家的品质。 　　第二、三段使用了in 1911、in 1932、 in 1935、 Over the course of the 1930s and 1940s、 during the 1930s、 in the 1940s等时间状语介绍了钱学森在归国前的成就。 　　第四段介绍了钱学森回国后克服困难的经历。文中使用了poor、undeveloped和No等词汇突出介绍了当时中国贫穷的现状，然后使用过渡词Nevertheless转折到描写钱学森研发导弹的决心。 　　第五段介绍了钱学森在航天科技领域所做的开创性工作——Dongfeng missiles、 the first generation of Long March rockets、 first man-made satellite、 much of the technology behind the Shenzhou spacecraft等等。因此钱学森赢得了“中国航天之父”的赞誉。 　　第六段介绍了钱学森广泛的爱好，以及这些爱好对他开展科学研究的积极影响。 　　第七段介绍了钱学森的去世及其影响。 　　第二篇文章A WORLD OF PURE THOUGHT，重点讲述了霍金早期成名的经历，突出了他顽强地与疾病作斗争、敢于质疑、坚持梦想、勇于承认错误等可贵品质。 　　第一段使用one of the most famous and gifted scientists in physics介绍了霍金在科学界的地位。 　　第二段介绍了霍金的早期成就。文章通过“大爆炸理论”战胜“稳恒态理论”的过程来介绍霍金理论的正确。 　　第三段以特殊疑问句开头，告诉我们勇敢无畏、意志坚定和敢于承认错误是霍金身上体现出来的科学家的品质。 　　总的说来，两篇文章具有以下特点： 　　1.按照时间顺序展开，讲述人物经历； 　　2.两个语篇都有效使用了一些衔接词语，如： however、 nevertheless、because、in general、 besides、 furthermore、 above all等。 参考译文 中国航天之父 　　也许再没有哪一位科学家比钱学森对中国航天科学的影响更大的了。《钱学森的故事》一书的作者称他为一位具有“伟大科学思想和科学精神”的人，并且他热爱祖国、甘于奉献、成就斐然，钱学森备受人们的尊敬。 　　钱学森1911年生于上海，在北京上学，后来考入上海交通大学，学习铁道机械工程。不过，1932年淞沪抗战爆发后，钱学森意识到中国需要建设强大的空军来保卫国家，因此决定改学航空专业。 　　1935年，钱学森前往美国读研究生。二十世纪三四十年代，钱学森成为美国喷气式飞机和火箭技术的先驱人物。二十世纪三十年代担任加州理工学院的研究生助理时，钱学森协助开展火箭推进方面的重要研究工作。二十世纪四十年代，钱学森与其他几人成立了喷气推进实验室，该实验室现已成为美国宇航局领先的太空探索中心之一。 　　留学美国的最后几年，钱学森克服困难，于1955年回到中国。他受到了祖国英雄般的欢迎，受命发展中国的火箭科学以及航天和导弹项目。那时候，中国还很贫穷，火箭科学尚不发达。中国没有一所学院或大学开设火箭科学专业，而且没有该领域的人才或专家。然而，钱学森并不气馁，而是接受挑战。有人问他：“我们中国人有可能制造出导弹吗？”他的回答十分坚定：“有什么不能的，外国人能造出来的，我们中国人同样能造得出来。” 　　在钱学森的领导下，中国研制出了“东风”导弹，紧接着又研制出第一代“长征”系列火箭。1970年，中国使用“长征”火箭成功发射本国第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。由于“神舟”系列飞船的大部分技术也可追根溯源到钱学森的研究，因此钱学森被誉为“中国航天之父”。 　　钱学森博览群书，尤其在前沿科学研究领域知识极其渊博。然而，他之所以能成为一名如此杰出、富有创造力的科学家，可能是因为他对音乐、绘画等其他事物的浓厚兴趣。他深厚的艺术鉴赏力时常给科研工作带来灵感。 　　2009年10月31日，钱学森逝世，举国哀痛，人们以各种方式纪念他、缅怀他。 一个纯思维的世界 　　史蒂芬·霍金是物理学界最负盛名、最具天赋的科学家之一。大多数人都很熟悉他坐在轮椅上无法动弹、只能通过电脑来说话的样子。他因患病致使其大部分肌肉萎缩无力，他的世界变成了一个抽象思维的世界。 　　霍金最早成名于1964年，当时他身体健康，行动自如，是剑桥大学物理学研究生。总的来说，宇宙起源有两大理论：第一个是稳恒态理论，认为宇宙无始无终；另一个是大爆炸理论，认为宇宙始于时空中的一个点。稳恒态概念的最大拥护者是剑桥大学的弗雷德·霍伊尔教授。在霍伊尔的一次讲座中，霍金在问答环节站了起来，指出霍伊尔教授计算有误。错误纠正之后显示大爆炸理论而非稳恒态理论是正确的。不久，天文学家用望远镜观察宇宙，验证了霍金对大爆炸理论的研究。一位明星就此诞生。 那么，是什么使史蒂芬·霍金成为一名天才的呢？除了才华横溢之外，他还是一个勇敢的人，尽管有时候言行举止比较随意。他敢说别人不敢说的话，做别人不敢做的梦。此外，他意志坚定。无论是作为一位科学家，还是与病魔作斗争，这种品质对他都大有帮助。最重要的是，霍金敢于承认错误。这些性格特点的奇特组合使得他成为二十世纪与二十一世纪最伟大的思想家之一。 Step 3｜背出彩佳句 一、开门见山，指出要介绍的科学家的历史地位 1.Born in 1911， he/she was one of the greatest scientists in the 20th century. 生于1911年，他/她是二十世纪最伟大的科学家之一。 2.As we all know， he/she is one of the most famous medical scientists in the 21st century in China. 众所周知，他/她是中国二十一世纪最著名的医学科学家之一。 二、描写要介绍的科学家的重要事迹 1.He/She studied at a key local high school and graduated from Tsinghua University. 他/她在当地的一所重点高中学习，毕业于清华大学。 2.He got an award in 1998 for having played an important role in scientific research. 因为在科学研究中发挥了重要作用，他在1998年获奖。 3.He/She devoted all his/her life to scientific research and his/her scientific findings have benefited people all over the world. 他/她一生致力于科学研究，他/她的科研成果使全世界人民受益。 三、科学家的影响及客观评价 His/Her story tells us that we should value what we have，and try our best to overcome any difficulty in life. 他/她的故事告诉我们：我们应该重视我们所拥有的，尽最大努力克服生活中的任何困难。 　　假定你是李华，一年一度的世界科学节临近，英文杂志《新科学家》正在组织英语征文比赛，请你以The Scientist I Admire Most为题，写一篇短文参赛，内容包括： 　　（1）介绍科学家； 　　（2）敬佩的原因。 注意：（1）写作词数应为80个左右； （2）请按如下格式作答。 The Scientist I Admire Most 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 一、合理布局，精心谋篇 二、遣词造句，规范得体 1.几十年前，一位名叫屠呦呦的中国科学家受到启发，开始使用中药治疗疟疾。（过去分词作后置定语） Decades ago， 　a Chinese scientist named Tu Youyou was inspired　 to use traditional Chinese medicine to treat malaria. 2.这似乎是一个相当困难的壮举，因为之前几乎没有相关的研究。 This seemed to be a rather difficult feat， 　because there was almost no relevant research before　. 3.一些科学家对此表现出消极的态度，这使得它更难实现。（定语从句） Some scientists showed a negative attitude towards it， 　which made it harder to achieve　. 4.这存在障碍。她从未放弃。 There 　were barriers.She 　never gave up　. 5.她有一种强烈的愿望，想找到治疗这种疾病的方法，于是她全身心地投入这个实验中。 She 　had a strong desire to find a cure for the disease　， and she devoted herself to the experiment wholeheartedly. 6.多次尝试后， 她成功地实现了自己的梦想。 After many attempts， she successfully 　realised her dream　. 7.她被授予诺贝尔医学奖。 She 　was awarded the Nobel Prize　 in medicine. 8.给我印象最深的是她的坚强意志。 　What impressed me most　 is her strong will. 9.这使我相信我也会实现我的目标。 This makes me believe that 　I will also achieve my goals　. 三、恰当衔接，自然过渡 使用although、 and、 after等过渡词汇，把屠呦呦值得敬佩的原因连接成段。 　Although there were barriers， she never gave up.She had a strong desire to find a cure for the disease， and she devoted herself to the experiment wholeheartedly.After many attempts， she successfully realised her dream and was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine.　 四、认真誊写，赏心悦目 The Scientist I Admire Most 　　　Decades ago， a Chinese scientist named Tu Youyou was inspired to use traditional Chinese medicine to treat malaria.This seemed to be a rather difficult feat， because there was almost no relevant research before.What’s more， some scientists showed a negative attitude towards it， which made it harder to achieve.　 　　　Although there were barriers， she never gave up.She had a strong desire to find a cure for the disease， and she devoted herself to the experiment wholeheartedly.After many attempts， she successfully realised her dream and was awarded the Nobel Prize in medicine.　 　　　What impressed me most is her strong will.This makes me believe that I will also achieve my goals.　 词汇 佳句 情感描写 ①frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ②determined adj.下定决心的，坚定的 ③willing adj.乐意的 1.As a young doctor，John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.　（情绪描写） 2.Besides being brilliant， he was brave，though sometimes careless in what he said or did.He was willing to say what others were afraid to say，and to dream of what others were afraid to dream about.Furthermore，he was quite determined.　（人物描写） 3.No sooner had I got the chance to explain than she rushed into the pouring rain.　（动作描写） 动作描写 ①suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任 ②blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 ③cast vt.投射；向……投以（视线、笑容等）；投掷 ④pour vt.倒出；倾泻；斟（饮料） ⑤trace vt.追溯；追踪；查出 ⑥defend vt.保卫；防守；辩解 情境导语：被怀疑偷了一位女士的金戒指，我非常懊恼，尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白…… 第一步：完成句子雏形现 1.　I was suspected of stealing　 the woman’s gold ring，which cast a cloud of gloom over my face. 我被怀疑偷了这位女士的金戒指，这使我脸上蒙上了一层阴影。 2.　I was so frustrated that tears poured down my cheeks　 like a flood. 我是如此懊恼以至于泪水像洪水一样顺着脸颊流下来。 3.I thought why I should 　take the blame for somebody else　. 我想我为什么要替别人背黑锅呢。 4.So I tried my best to 　trace the real thief to defend　 my innocence. 因此我尽最大努力追踪真正的小偷以捍卫我的清白。 5.　With my friends assisting me　，I am greatly convinced that I will prove that I was wronged. 在朋友们的帮助下，我深信我会证明我是被冤枉的。 第二步：句式升级造亮点 6.用倒装句改写句2 　So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.　 第三步：过渡衔接连成篇 　　　I was suspected of stealing the woman’s gold ring， which cast a cloud of gloom over my face.So frustrated was I that tears poured down my cheeks like a flood.Then I thought why I should take the blame for somebody else.So I tried my best to trace the real thief to defend my innocence.With my friends assisting me， I am greatly convinced that I will prove that I was wronged.　 Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.On my way back to the hotel last night， I lost my way in the complete darkness， and to make things worse， it began to 　pour　 （下大雨）. 2.The player’s 　outstanding　 （杰出的） performance left a deep impression on everyone present. 3.All the teachers are satisfied with your 　brilliant　 （绝妙的） performance in the speech contest. 4.I have the faith that I can be a helpful 　assistant　 （助手） to the event organizers. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.Lucy 　has a gift for　 （有……天赋） creating an atmosphere for her students which allows them to communicate freely with each other. 2.I 　came down with　 （感染） the flu and my doctor insisted that I should stay indoors for a week or so. 3.It is reported that a team consisting of five experts will be 　in charge of　 （负责） the club. 4.　Above all　 （最重要的是）， as a native of Jinan， I know this city and its culture very well. 5.What the teachers have done 　has a great impact on　 （对……有很大影响） their students in the future. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.As China furthers its opening up， its economic growth remains 　steady　 （稳定的）. 2.We students have to pay much attention to our lessons， so it’s not our 　fault　 （过错） that we know little of society. 3.On seeing other competitors’ 　outstanding　 （出色的） performance， I began to lose confidence in myself. 4.It’s hard for the victims to wipe out the 　shadow　 （阴影） of that terrible earthquake from their hearts. 5.As is known to all， the rose could represent love and affection， and the 　rainbow　 （彩虹） could symbolize hope. 6.On Friday night I had such a 　vivid　 （生动的） dream that I can still remember the feeling. 7.A great many concrete　 measures have been taken by our government to contain it. 8.It is acknowledged that reading lays a solid　 foundation for further learning. Ⅱ.词形转换 1.Willing to help Bernard， the children got down to 　preparing　 （prepare） popcorn the instant they got what they needed. 2.In reality，the mechanic made a severe mistake， 　shifting　 （shift） nervously from one foot to another. 3.The new study’s 　findings　 （find） warn that the global warming is becoming more and more serious. 4.　Initially　 （initial）， it will do harm to our health and may cause short-sightedness. 5.Stop the negative 　thinking　 （think） and focus on solving those problems. 6.I’m writing to apply for the job as an 　assistant　 （assist） in your travel agency. 7.No matter how 　gifted　 （gift） you are， you alone cannot change the world. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.　Known　 （know） as “the father of hybrid rice”， Yuan Longping devoted his whole life to studying rice. 2.If you are always cast 　down　 by such kind of failure， you will never succeed. 3.Though he came down 　with　 a severe disease， he was still willing 　to help　 （help） over the course of the project. 4.She couldn’t make herself 　heard　 （hear） above the noise of the traffic. 5.I have never taken part in a 　more meaningful　 （meaningful） activity than this one. 6.　Above all　 （最重要的是）， as an outgoing boy and an English lover， I’m sure we’ll find much in common. 7.Under his leadership， more and more young people are 　in charge of　 （负责） the research of hybrid rice. 8.It is true that tea houses in Hangzhou 　trace back to/date from　 （追溯至） the Southern Song Dynasty. 9.　Seriously affected by human activities　 （受到人类活动的严重影响）， many wild animals are in danger of extinction. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.vivid A.adj.生动的　　　　　　B.adj.鲜艳的 C.adj.清楚的　　D.adj.丰富的 ①He gave a vivid account of his life as a fighter pilot. 　　A　 ②The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes. 　　B　 ③Mary is a woman with a vivid imagination. 　　D　 ④I have vivid memories of my grandparents. 　　C　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 2.He is determined to hire a famous lawyer to defend himself in court. 　v.辩解，辩护　 3.It is necessary to supply an abstract of the review of the literature as well. 　n.摘要　 4.The posts have to be set in concrete. 　n.混凝土　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·岳阳高二上检测）What are scientists？They are often described as grey-haired and white-coated dull scholars. 　　But the world has changed.Young scientists are making their voices heard and releasing their powers on the world stage. 　　This is also true in China.Rising stars include new materials expert Gong Yongji， university professor Liu Mingzhen， and biologist Wan Ruixue. 　　At the age of 28 in 2018， Wan Ruixue received the 2018 Science Prize for Young Scientists.This is a global prize to reward outstanding scientists at an early stage of their careers. 　　She focuses mainly on Biomedicine and Molecular Biology （分子生物学）.“Both are cutting-edge （尖端的） technologies at an early stage of development，” she said. 　　“So， I think they have great potential to be developed.I think in the study of cutting-edge technologies， China and other leading countries in the world are standing at the same starting line.And in the study of Structural Biology， China is likely to become the leader.” 　　She felt it was her fate to become a biologist.“I grew interested in the natural world when I was very young，” she said.In 2009， she entered Sun Yat-sen University. 　　In her third year at university， she realised that she wanted to do something related to biomedicine.So she e-mailed China’s top biologist Shi Yigong， hoping to join his lab at Tsinghua University. 　　Shi recognized her talent and welcomed her.Years of efforts at the lab have paid off.Her research on the high-definition 3D structure of spliceosome （剪接体） led to a scientific breakthrough. 　　Unlike many other young scientists who choose to pursue further study abroad， Wan currently has no plan to go overseas. 　　“The whole ecosystem for scientific research is continually improving in China，” she said， adding that the country has great science facilities. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要以中国生物学家万蕊雪为代表，介绍了她是如何一步步取得如今在科学领域的成就，从而描绘出中国青年科学家的崛起风貌。 1.What does the underlined word “releasing” in paragraph 2 mean？（　　） A.Giving out.　　 B.Getting over. C.Finding out.　　 D.Taking over. 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第二段画线词前的内容可知，年轻的科学家们正在世界舞台上发声。故可推知，画线词releasing their powers与making their voices heard为并列关系，意思相近，应是 “释放他们的力量”的意思，与A项意义一致。 2.What does Wan Ruixue feel about the study of cutting-edge technologies in China？（　　） A.Anxious.　　 B.Confident. C.Disappointed.　 D.Satisfied. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第六段内容可知，关于中国前沿技术的研究，万蕊雪认为中国和其他国家站在同一起跑线上，在结构生物学研究领域，万蕊雪认为中国很可能成为领头羊。故推知，她对中国前沿技术的研究充满信心。 3.What can we learn about Wan Ruixue’s journey of becoming a biologist？（　　） A.Her teacher led her into the field. B.She finds it’s easier than she thought. C.Her contribution has been recognized. D.She thinks it’s boring but worth trying. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，2018年，28岁的万蕊雪获得2018年青年科学家科学奖。故推知，在万蕊雪成为生物学家的过程中，她的付出得到了认可。 4.Which can be the best title of the text？（　　） A.China’s Breakthrough in Science B.Rising Young Scientists in China C.Successful Chinese Scientists D.New Image of Chinese Scientists 解析：B　标题归纳题。通读全文内容及第二段第二句可知，文章主要介绍了中国年轻科学家的崛起。故B项最适合作文章标题。 B 　　（2025·濮阳高二上期末）If you hear someone say that there’s “an elephant in the room”， there’s no need to be worried.This is an idiom that means there’s a big， clear problem or difficult situation that people don’t want to talk about.It’s almost as if there’s an elephant standing in the corner， but everyone is pretending it’s not there！ So you might understand why “The elephant in the room” is the name Dutch artist Johannes-Harm Hovinga gave to his new project. 　　For 20 days during June and July 2024， Hovinga sat in a museum in the Dutch city of Arnhem and used a tool to make holes in the 7，700-page United Nations report on climate change. 　　This was an artistic protest.He wanted to draw attention to climate change and to show that the world’s governments aren’t doing enough to try to save the planet.“Climate change is the elephant in the room”， Hovinga was saying through his art — the big， clear problem that we’re not doing enough about. 　　He had printed the pages of the report on different colored paper so that when he made the holes， there were large piles of colorful circles next to the table where he sat.People were able to watch Hovinga making his holes between 22 June and 14 July， and see those piles getting bigger.Some visitors were touched as they watched， the museum said. 　　Each day， Hovinga sat for six hours making holes， only drinking water and taking short breaks to use the bathroom.He said he began taking painkillers after two days because of the pain in his back， neck， and arms.The project ended on 25 July when Hovinga returned to take the paper piles away.But he has more hole-making projects planned for the future. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了荷兰艺术家Johannes-Harm Hovinga通过一项特殊的艺术行为——在联合国气候变化报告的每一页上打孔，来抗议全球气候变化问题，并指出这是一个被忽视但明显存在的重大问题（即“an elephant in the room”）。 5.Why is the idiom mentioned in the first paragraph？（　　） A.To lead in the name of a project. B.To describe an interesting scene. C.To explain a common language usage. D.To show a special animal painted by an artist. 解析：A　推理判断题。文章第一段解释了an elephant in the room这个习语的含义，结合第一段最后一句可知，提到这个习语是为了引出荷兰艺术家新项目的名字。 6.What is Hovinga’s purpose of his behaviour？（　　） A.To promote his artworks. B.To help protect the Earth. C.To advertise a new art style. D.To call for action to care for elephants. 解析：B　细节理解题。根据第三段前两句可知，Hovinga这么做是想引起人们对气候变化的关注，表明各国政府在拯救地球方面做得不够，其目的是呼吁人们采取行动保护地球。 7.Which of the following can best describe Hovinga？（　　） A.Odd but flexible. B.Humorous and energetic. C.Picky but productive. D.Creative and responsible. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段第一句可知，Hovinga通过在联合国气候变化报告上打孔这一独特的艺术形式来表达对气候变化问题的关注，这种方式新颖且富有创意，展现了他的创造力；再根据第三段第前两句可知，Hovinga意识到气候变化这一全球性问题，并通过自己的行动，试图引起人们对该问题的重视，促使各国政府采取更多行动来拯救地球，体现了他对地球环境的责任感。 8.What can be learned from the last two paragraphs？（　　） A.Hovinga had great fun doing his work. B.Hovinga wants more people to join him. C.Hovinga will continue with similar projects. D.Hovinga broke off the project because of pain. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Hovinga计划在未来开展更多类似打孔的项目。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·太原高二上期末） Embracing Change： A Journey Towards Personal Growth and Success 　　Embracing change is like trying a new flavor of ice cream — you might be doubtful at first， but the taste could be surprisingly delightful at last！ The miracle is all about shifting your mindset and daring to dance with the unknown.9.（　　）. 　　To start with， take a good look at your life and spot the areas that could use a change.Is there a dream job you are too scared to chase？10.（　　）？Either way， never let fear hold you back. 　　Take baby steps towards change when you’ve set up your goal.11.（　　）.Remember， change is like a slow-cooked meal.It needs time and patience.Make a one-year self-improvement plan and celebrate every tiny victory as you go. 　　12.（　　）.Be ready to question your old beliefs and expand your horizons.Just as Steve Jobs puts it， “Stay hungry， stay foolish”.It’s in these moments of constant learning that you’ll uncover your hidden superpower. 　　Be gentle with yourself through it all.Difficulties in life？ Treat them as opportunities， not failures.Remember， every step is a lesson in your personal evolution. 　　Thus， here’s what change is — may it be your trusty companion on the adventure to an extraordinary life.13.（　　）， so unlock the door and make yourself a real ruler！ A.Here is how to make it happen B.Or a skill you are eager to master C.Keep your appetite for knowledge D.Change is the key to your own kingdom E.Turn to your friends when you feel upset F.After all， sticking to your own opinion is a safe choice G.Break your goal into bite-sized tasks and overcome them one by one 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了拥抱变化对于个人成长和成功的重要性，并提供了一些实现变化的步骤和建议。 9.A　上文提到拥抱改变需要转变心态、敢于面对未知。而下文则开始介绍如何拥抱改变。A项承上启下，引出下文具体做法，符合语境。 10.B　上文提到审视生活中需要改变的领域，问是否有不敢追寻的理想工作。B项与上文Is there a dream job you are too scared to chase？句式相似，都是关于生活中想要做出改变的方面。 11.G　上文提出朝着改变迈出小步。G项具体说明了如何迈出小步，符合该段主旨。 12.C　空处为段首句，为本段主旨句。根据下文可知，本段提到要乐于质疑旧信念、拓展视野，强调要不断学习。C项与下文内容相符，能概括本段主旨。 13.D　根据下文so unlock the door and make yourself a real ruler可知，作者建议读者要成为自己的主宰。D项与之呼应，说明改变对于掌控自己生活的重要性，就像钥匙对于打开王国之门一样。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·湖北部分市高二上期末）A few years ago， we bought a model Lego set for my dad’s birthday， hoping to combine his love for architecture with family time.Each evening， my dad and I 　14　 the large dining table to plan our line of attack.We faced thousands of 　15　 white pieces， each packaged with precision in numbered plastic bags， 　16　 by a thick instruction booklet. 　　We were amazed by how 　17　 the model was.We also realised the booklet itself was a work of art， beautiful， but also surprisingly 　18　 and clear.It provided us with the comfort of 　19　.We knew if we followed all the 　20　， we would end up with a mode that looked 　21　 like the picture on the box.If we made a mistake， all we had to do was 　22　 our steps， flip back the pages and start again. 　　Life， however， does not 　23　 together so neatly and 　24　 provides us with such clear instructions.We talked over our respective lives， decisions made， and actions and choices never 　25　.We think we have the ability of 　26　 our life， but our choices are shaped by 　27　 beyond our control.In the face of uncertainty， we have to　28　， trusting both in the process and the end result. 语篇解读：本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者和父亲一起拼装乐高模型的经历，并从中感悟到人生与拼乐高的不同之处。 14.A.gathered around　　 B.sided with C.lived off　　 D.straightened up 解析：A　根据the large dining table to plan our line of attack可知，作者和父亲围坐在餐桌旁计划拼装的策略。 15.A.vast　　 B.tiny C.relevant　　 D.original 解析：B　根据white pieces， each packaged with precision in numbered plastic bags和常识可知，乐高积木是很小的白色积木块。 16.A.favored　　 B.accompanied C.transformed　　 D.covered 解析：B　根据by a thick instruction booklet可知，乐高积木附有一本厚厚的说明书。 17.A.impractical　　 B.unique C.complex　　 D.dull 解析：C　根据下文We also realised the booklet itself was a work of art， beautiful， but also surprisingly 　18　 and clear.可知，说明书既漂亮又清晰详细，故可推知模型很复杂。 18.A.ordinary　　 B.abstract C.meaningless　　 D.detailed 解析：D　根据clear可知，说明书详细且清晰。 19.A.certainty　　 B.relaxation C.insecurity　　 D.competition 解析：A　根据下文We knew if we followed all the 　20　， we would end up with a mode that looked 　21　 like the picture on the box.可知，如果我们按照说明书来，就能拼出和图片一样的模型，这给了我们确定性的安慰。 20.A.assessments　　 B.circumstances C.instructions　　 D.inferences 解析：C　根据上文　16　 by a thick instruction booklet可知，此处指遵循说明书。 21.A.initially　　 B.ultimately C.exactly　　 D.partly 解析：C　根据like the picture on the box可知，拼出的模型和图片一模一样。 22.A.recycle　　 B.retrace C.reveal　　 D.recall 解析：B　根据our steps， flip back the pages and start again可知，如果拼错的话要回溯步骤，翻回前几页重新开始。 23.A.fit　　 B.occupy C.shift　　 D.involve 解析：A　根据together so neatly可知，生活并不像乐高积木那样整齐地契合在一起。 24.A.fundamentally　　 B.merely C.slightly　　 D.rarely 解析：D　根据Life， however， does not 　23　 together so neatly可知，生活很少会给我们提供如此清晰的指示。 25.A.motivated　　 B.declined C.opposed　　 D.taken 解析：D　根据actions and choices可知，此处指从未采取的行动和做出的选择。 26.A.controlling　　 B.designing C.analyzing　　 D.founding 解析：A　根据our life可知，此处指控制生活。 27.A.rays　　 B.forces C.shadows　　 D.instances 解析：B　根据beyond our control可知，是无法控制的力量影响我们的选择。 28.A.proceed　　 B.succeed C.predict　　 D.interrupt 解析：A　根据trusting both in the process and the end result可知，面对不确定性要继续前进。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $