UNIT 1 Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第二册（人教版）

本讲义围绕“约翰·斯诺战胜霍乱”核心文本，通过Pre-reading激活背景知识（如中国抗疫科学家案例），While-reading分“析架构、知细节、辨难句”三步搭建理解支架，Post-reading结合思维提升与语法填空巩固语言知识，形成从输入到输出的完整学习链。 该资料以任务驱动融合核心素养，如段落匹配与细节题培养信息筛选及逻辑思维（思维品质），难句解构与语法填空强化语言能力，开放性问题（从斯诺应对疫情中学到什么）促进批判性思考。拓展阅读（医学人物、科技说明文）拓宽视野，词汇句型系统训练助力语言知识构建，课中便于教师分层教学，课后利于学生自主复习查漏补缺。

Section Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking Pre-reading Before reading the passage， answer the following questions. Do you know some Chinese scientists who fight against infectious diseases？ Who are they？ 　Yes， I know some scientists， who have made great contributions to the fight against some deadly infectious diseases.They are Zhong Nanshan， Chen Wei， and Li Lanjuan.　 While-reading 第一步：析架构理清脉络 1.Read the whole passage quickly and match the main idea with each paragraph. Para.1　A.John Snow began his study by marking on a map. Para.2　　B.John Snow decided to prove the second theory. Para.3　　C.John Snow’s contributions. Para.4　　D.John Snow desired to defeat cholera. Para.5　　E.The truth of the infection of cholera. 答案：Paras.1－5　DBAEC 2.What’s the main idea of the text？（　　） A.How John Snow became a well-known doctor in London. B.How John Snow found out the cause and defeated cholera. C.How John Snow changed the way scientists studied diseases. D.How John Snow stopped all people from catching cholera. 答案：B 第二步：知细节明察秋毫 1.Why was John Snow upset at first？（　　） A.He lost hope to cure cholera. B.He couldn’t become a good doctor. C.He didn’t attend to the Queen well. D.He couldn’t treat cholera. 2.What was the key to finding the evidence？（　　） A.The government. B.The woman who had moved away from Broad Street. C.The water company. D.The map marked by Snow. 3.What was John Snow’s attitude when facing “King Cholera”？（　　） A.Negative.　　　　　　 B.Determined. C.Unconcerned.　　 D.Indifferent. 4.Where does this text probably come from？（　　） A.A newspaper.　　 B.A medical report. C.A book review.　　 D.A TV interview. 答案：1－4　DDBA 第三步：辨难句拆分解读 1.Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor，John Snow，showed how it could be overcome. 句式分析：本句是复合句。主句为：　Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases in the world　，until引导　时间状语　从句； John Snow是　同位语　， how引导　宾语　从句。 自主翻译：　在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。　 2.Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 句式分析：本句是一个由and连接的并列句。在第一个分句中，Through Snow’s tireless efforts为介词短语作　原因状语　；在第二个分句中，saw是谓语动词，意为“　经历；目睹　”，可以理解为拟人修辞手法。 自主翻译：　经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。　 Post-reading 第一步：抒己见提升思维 What can we learn from John Snow when he was facing an epidemic？ 　When facing an epidemic， we should find the cause of it， cut off the transmission route of the virus， develop vaccines and find the cure for it.　 第二步：课文语法填空 　　In the early 19th century， an outbreak of cholera hit Europe， causing the death of millions of people.John Snow， a young doctor， became 1.　frustrated　 （frustrate） since no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.However， he had the desire 2.　to destroy　 （destroy） cholera thoroughly. 　　Snow agreed with the theory that cholera was caused by an 3.　infection　 （infect） from germs in food or water， but he needed proof.So when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， he decided to investigate 4.　why　 it was so severe in two particular streets.He began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived.Snow 5.　suspected　 （suspect） that the water pump was to blame.As a result 6.　of　 some evidence， he found that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly， he had the handle of the pump 7.　removed　 （remove） to stop the disease in its tracks.Moreover， Snow later showed 8.　a　 link between other cases of cholera and the different water companies in London， some of which sold water that 9.　was/had been polluted　 （pollute） by raw waste. 　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， the threat of cholera decreased 10.　substantially　 （substantial）.Besides， in his use of maps and statistics， Snow transformed the way scientists study diseases.For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology. JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA①” 　　[1]Cholera used to② be one of the most feared diseases in the world， until a British doctor， John Snow， showed how it could be overcome. This illness causes severe③ diarrhoea④， dehydration⑤， and even death.In the early 19th century， when an outbreak⑥ of cholera hit Europe， millions of people died from the disease.[2]As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated⑦ because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera. In time， he rose to become a famous doctor， and even attended to⑧ Queen Victoria [3]when she gave birth.However， he never lost his desire to destroy cholera once and for all⑨. 　　[1]until在句中引导时间状语从句；how引导的从句作动词showed的宾语；过去分词feared作定语，修饰名词diseases；John Snow是a British doctor的同位语。 　　[2]because引导原因状语从句；“疑问词how＋动词不定式短语”作动词knew的宾语。 　　[3]when引导时间状语从句。 　　In general⑩， doctors in those days had two contradictory⑪ theories to explain how cholera spread.[4]One theory was that bad air caused the disease.[5]The other was that cholera was caused by an infection⑫ from germs⑬ in food or water. Snow subscribed⑭ to the second theory.It was correct， but he still needed proof⑮.Consequently⑯， when an outbreak of cholera hit London in 1854， Snow began to investigate⑰.[6]He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. He was determined to find out why. 　　[4][5]两句中的that均引导表语从句，不作任何成分，只起连接作用，且不可省略。 　　[6]第一个that引导的从句作动词discovered的宾语；在该从句中含有一个so ...that ...句型，该句型中that引导结果状语从句。 　　[7]Snow began by marking on a map the exact places where all those who died had lived. There were multiple⑱ deaths near the water pump⑲ in Broad Street （especially house numbers 16， 37， 38， and 40）.However， some households⑳ （such as 20 and 21 Broad Street， and 8 and 9 Cambridge Street） had had no deaths.These people worked in the pub at 7 Cambridge Street.They had been given free beer， and so had not drunk the water from the pump.[8]Snow suspected㉑ that the water pump was to blame㉒. What is more， in another part of London， a woman and her daughter had died of cholera after moving away from Broad Street.[9]It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered㉓ to her house every day. As a result of㉔ this evidence， John Snow was able to announce that the pump water carried cholera germs.Accordingly㉕， he had the handle㉖ of the pump removed㉗ [10]so that it could not be used.Through this intervention㉘， the disease was stopped in its tracks㉙. 　　[7] 该句中的介词短语by marking on a map作方式状语，修饰动词began；where和who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词places和those。 　　[8]that引导的从句作动词suspected的宾语；be to blame意为“该受责备”，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 　　[9]It seemed that ...意为“好像……”；had it delivered是“have＋宾语＋过去分词”结构，过去分词作宾语补足语，表示“主语让别人做某事”。 　　[10]so that在句中引导目的状语从句。 　　[11]The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been infected by waste.Moreover， Snow was later able to show a link㉚ between other cases㉛ of cholera and the different water companies in London.Some companies sold water from the River Thames [12]that was polluted by raw㉜ waste.[13]The people who drank this water were much more likely to get cholera than those who drank pure㉝ or boiled water. 　　[11]连接词that在句中引导表语从句。 　　[12]关系代词that在句中引导定语从句，修饰先行词the River Thames。 　　[13]句子主干使用了一个比较级结构；句中两个关系代词who都引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people和those； be likely to do sth意为“有可能做某事”。 　　Through Snow’s tireless efforts㉞， water companies began to sell clean water， and [14]the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial㉟ decrease㊱.However， cholera is still a problem.Each year， millions of people around the world get cholera and many die from it.Fortunately， we now know how to prevent cholera， thanks to㊲ the work of John Snow.Moreover， in his use of maps and statistics㊳， Snow transformed㊴ the way [15]scientists study diseases.For this reason， Snow is considered the father of modern epidemiology㊵. 　　[14]该句谓语动词是saw，使用了拟人的修辞手法，意为“见证；目睹”。 　　[15]此处是省略了that或in which的定语从句，修饰先行词the way。 ①cholera n.霍乱 ②used to 过去常常 ③severe adj.极为恶劣的；十分严重的；严厉的 ④diarrhoea n.腹泻 ⑤dehydration n.脱水 ⑥outbreak n.爆发 ⑦frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 ⑧attend to照顾 ⑨once and for all 最终地；彻底地 ⑩in general 通常，一般来说 ⑪contradictory adj.相互矛盾的；对立的；不一致的 ⑫infection n.感染；传染 infect vt.使感染；传染 ⑬germ n.微生物；细菌；病菌 ⑭subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） subscribe to同意；赞同 ⑮proof n.证据；证明；检验 ⑯consequently adv.因此；所以 ⑰investigate v.调查 ⑱multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的 ⑲pump n.泵；抽水机；打气筒 water pump 水泵 ⑳household n.一家人；家庭；同住一所（套）房子的人 ㉑suspect vt.& vi.怀疑；疑有；不信任n.犯罪嫌疑人；可疑对象 ㉒blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责n.责备；指责 ㉓deliver vt.运送；传递 ㉔as a result of 由于……；因为…… ㉕accordingly adv.相应地 ㉖handle n.把手；拉手；柄 vt.处理；搬动；操纵（车辆、动物、工具等） ㉗remove v.移走 ㉘intervention n.介入；出面；干涉 ㉙track n.轨道；足迹 ㉚link n.联系；纽带 vt.把……连接起来；相关联 ㉛case n.病例 ㉜raw adj.未煮的；生的；未经处理的；原始的 ㉝pure adj.干净的；纯的；纯粹的 ㉞tireless efforts不懈的努力 ㉟substantial adj.大量的；价值巨大的；重大的 ㊱decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 ㊲thanks to幸亏；由于 ㊳statistic n.[pl.-s]统计数字；统计资料；统计学 ㊴transform vt.使改观；使改变形态vi.改变；转变 ㊵epidemiology n.流行病学 参考译文 约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王” 　　在英国医生约翰·斯诺向人们展示如何战胜霍乱之前，霍乱曾是世界上最令人恐惧的疾病之一。它可导致严重腹泻、脱水，甚至死亡。十九世纪初，霍乱爆发，肆虐欧洲，数百万人丧命。由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。后来，他成了一位名医，甚至照料分娩的维多利亚女王。然而，他始终没有放弃彻底根除霍乱的愿望。 　　关于霍乱的蔓延方式，当时医生大体上有两种截然不同的看法。一种看法是空气污染引发霍乱，另一种看法是食物或饮用水中的细菌感染导致霍乱。斯诺赞同第二种看法。这一看法是正确的，但他仍需要证据。因此，1854年伦敦爆发霍乱时，斯诺便开始调查。他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，以至于十天内就有500多人死亡。他决心查明原因。 　　斯诺首先在地图上标出所有死者住所的确切位置。宽街水泵附近有多例死亡（尤其是16号、37号、38号及40号住宅），但是有些住户（如宽街20号和21号以及剑桥街8号和9号）却无人死亡。这些幸存者在剑桥街7号的酒吧工作，酒吧为他们提供免费啤酒，因此没有喝从水泵抽上来的水。斯诺怀疑水泵就是罪魁祸首。此外，在伦敦的另一个区域，一名妇女和她的女儿从宽街搬来后死于霍乱。该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够宣布水泵抽上来的水携带霍乱病菌。于是，他让人拆掉了水泵的把手，这样水泵就用不成了。这一干预举措从渠道上遏制了疾病。 　　事情的真相是从宽街水泵抽上来的水被废弃物污染了。此外，斯诺之后还证明了另外几起霍乱病例与伦敦多家饮用水公司有关。有些公司出售的水取自被未经处理的废弃物污染的泰晤士河。与饮用纯净水或开水的人相比，饮用被污染的水的人更容易染上霍乱。 　　经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。然而，霍乱仍是问题。每年全球有数百万人感染霍乱，其中许多人因此丧生。幸运的是，由于约翰·斯诺的努力，我们现在知道了如何预防霍乱。此外，通过使用地图和数据，斯诺改变了科学家研究疾病的方式。因此，斯诺被视为现代流行病学之父。 Ⅰ.词块默写 1.　used to do sth　　　　　　　　过去常常做某事 2.　die from/of　　　死于 3.　become frustrated　　　变得沮丧 4.　in time　　　及时；迟早 5.　attend to　　　照料，处理 6.　give birth　　　生孩子 7.　in general　　　通常，一般来说 8.　be determined to do sth　　　决心做某事 9.　find out　　　发现；查明；弄清 10.　as a result of this evidence　　　由于这个证据 11.　be likely to do sth　　　很可能做某事 12.　through one’s tireless efforts　　　通过某人不懈的努力 Ⅱ.课文原句默写 1.As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew 　how to prevent or treat cholera　 （如何预防或治疗霍乱）. 2.He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was 　so severe that　 （非常严重以至于） more than 500 people died in ten days. 3.It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she 　had it delivered to her house　 （让人把水送到她家） every day. 阅读理解 A 　　（2025·宁德高二上第三次阶段测试）Charles Richard Drew’s great invention directly contributed to saving thousands of lives during World WarⅡ， and continues to contribute to the life-saving work of the entire world of medicine later. 　　Born in 1904， Drew was the eldest of five children.He was intelligent and showed a talent for studies and sports from a young age.In 1922， his athletic ability earned him an athletic scholarship to attend Amherst College in Massachusetts.Drew graduated from Amherst College in 1926.In 1928， he applied to medical schools and was admitted to McGill University in Montreal， Canada.He completed his medical degree and master’s degree in surgery in 1933. 　　Upon graduation， as an internship （实习生）， he began to look at issues related to blood transfusions. 　　When he began his doctoral studies at Columbia University， with a physician named John Scudder， Drew continued his research in the field of blood transfusion.The two had jointly conducted research into blood preservation and fluid replacement， leading to the development of an experimental blood bank， which ran smoothly for seven months. 　　Drew’s breakthroughs in blood preservation were timely， as the World War Ⅱ was raging in Europe at the time.Under Drew’s direction， his team developed new ways to extract， preserve and transport plasma （血浆） on a large scale. 　　Following the success of the “Blood for Britain” program， Drew was appointed the assistant director for the US blood banking system.During this time， he built a number of mobile blood donation stations， later known as blood delivery stations. 　　On 1 April 1950， tragedy struck.Drew was injured in a serious car accident while on his way to a conference and died from his injuries.Many medical colleges and schools have been named after him to honor his contribution. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Charles Richard Drew的早期经历和他在血液保存、输血等医学方面所取得的成就以及做出的伟大贡献。 1.What is the second paragraph mainly about？（　　） A.Charles Richard Drew’s family. B.Charles Richard Drew’s intelligence. C.Charles Richard Drew’s early experience. D.Charles Richard Drew’s contribution. 解析：C　段落大意题。根据第二段所提到的时间及全段内容可知，该段主要讲述了Charles Richard Drew的早期经历。 2.What kind of person is Charles Richard Drew？（　　） A.Strong-willed and ambitious. B.Sympathetic and tough. C.Caring and brave. D.Talented and committed. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据全文内容可知，Charles Richard Drew非常有才华，一直致力于血液保存、输血等医学方面的研究，并取得了伟大的成就。 3.Why are many colleges and schools named after Charles Richard Drew？（　　） A.Because he has made a great contribution to medical science. B.Because he alone finished the research in the field of blood transfusion. C.Because his contribution has changed the process of the World War Ⅱ. D.Because he died in a tragic car accident on his way to a conference. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，Charles Richard Drew在医学方面做出了巨大贡献，所以许多医学院都以他的名字命名，来纪念他的贡献。 4.Which category can this article be？（　　） A.A documentary.　　 B.A novel. C.A science fiction.　　 D.A short biography. 解析：D　推理判断题。本文描述了Charles Richard Drew的传奇一生以及他对医学的贡献，因而本文是一篇传记。 B 　　（2025·吉林八校高二上期末）Someday， shadows and light could team up to provide power.A new device uses the contrast （差异） between bright spots and shade to create an electric current.That current can power small electronics， such as a watch or LED lights. 　　Swee Ching Tan and his team call their new device a shadow-effect energy generator.They made it by coating silicon （硅） with a thin layer of gold.Silicon is often used in solar cells that produce electricity from sunlight. 　　As in a solar cell， light shining on this generator energizes electrons （电子） in the silicon.Those electrons then jump into the gold.The difference in light levels creates an electric current.Sending electrons makes a flow of current that can power small electronics. 　　Tan’s team described the new device in Energy & Environmental Science.Each device measures 4 cm long and 2 cm wide.That makes its area slightly larger than a stamp.In low light， eight generators power an electronic watch.These devices can also serve as self-powered motion sensors （传感器）.For instance， when a toy car passed by， its shadow fell on a generator.That created enough electricity to light an LED. 　　The team compared its generators to commercial solar cells that are typically used under full sunlight.With half of each device in shadow， the generators produced roughly twice as much power per surface area as the solar cells.“But it would be better to compare them to solar cells meant to work in low light， such as the silicon solar cells in classroom calculators.These are designed to use indoor light，” said Emily Warren， a chemical engineer at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory.Warren also would like to see the team measure the power the devices make over a longer time， such as a whole day. 　　Increasing how much light the generators can absorb would allow them to make better use of shadows.So the team is working to improve the device’s performance with strategies that solar cells use to gather light. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家研发的一种新装置，这种装置可以利用明亮的点和阴影之间的差异发电。 5.What is the outer layer of Tan’s energy generator？（　　） A.Gold.　　 B.Silicon. C.A solar cell.　　 D.An LED light. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的They made it by coating silicon （硅） with a thin layer of gold.可知，Tan的能量发生器最外层是一层黄金。 6.What was Emily Warren’s attitude toward Tan’s new device？（　　） A.Doubtful.　　 B.Objective. C.Conservative.　　 D.Expectant. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知，Emily Warren对新设备有所期待。 7.Which aspect of the device is the team working on at present？（　　） A.Its better use of solar cells. B.Its means of locating shadows. C.Its efficiency in light absorbing. D.Its application to the households. 解析：C　细节理解题。根据最后一段内容可知，团队目前的工作重点在于提高该设备吸收光线的表现和效率。 8.What is the best title for the text？（　　） A.Renewable Energy Usage on the Rise B.Shadow Effect Can Produce Electricity C.A New Device to Harvest Solar Energy D.Shadow Energy May Replace Solar Energy 解析：B　标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了科学家研发的一种新装置，这种装置可以利用明亮的点和阴影之间的差异发电。B项（阴影效应能发电）可作文章最佳标题。 核心词汇集释 1.frustrated adj.懊恼的；沮丧的；失意的 教材原句　As a young doctor， John Snow became frustrated because no one knew how to prevent or treat cholera.由于当时无人知道如何预防或治疗霍乱，年轻的约翰·斯诺医生很沮丧。 【用法】 （1）feel/be frustrated at/with ...对……感到沮丧/懊恼　 （2）frustrating adj.　　令人沮丧的 frustrate vt.　　挫败；阻挠；使感到灰心 frustration n.　　懊恼；沮丧；挫折 【佳句】　I was frustrated at my poor performance in the contest and tears of frustration welled up in my eyes.　（心理描写） 我对我在比赛中的糟糕表现感到沮丧，懊恼的泪水夺眶而出。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①He couldn’t stand the 　frustration　 （frustrate） of not being able to help. ②My brother’s bedroom is always in a mess， and he can never find anything， which is very 　frustrating　 （frustrate）. 【写美】　完成句子 ③既沮丧又失望，我感觉自己好像被扔进了一个无尽的黑暗世界之中。　（情绪描写） 　Frustrated and disappointed　， I felt as if I were thrown into a world of limitless darkness. 2.subscribe vi.认购（股份）；定期订购；定期交纳（会费） 教材原句　Snow subscribed to the second theory.斯诺赞同第二种看法。 【用法】 （1）subscribe to　　同意；赞同；捐助；订阅 subscribe ...to ... 在……上签署……；向……捐…… （2）subscriber n.　　订阅人；订购者；定期捐款者 【佳句】　Our monitor put forward a suggestion that our class should subscribe to some magazines and the head teacher subscribed to his suggestion. 我们班长提出了一个建议：我们班应该订购一些杂志，班主任同意了他的建议。 【点津】　subscribe to意为“同意，赞成”时，后常跟view， belief， theory等名词作宾语。 【练透】　语境辨义 ①To broaden my horizons and enrich my school life， I have subscribed to the English newspaper Youth in the past three years. 　订阅　 ②It was the outstanding professor who always subscribed to our school， to whom we were sincerely grateful.　捐助　 【写美】　完成句子 ③问题是你的父母是否会同意你这个暑假去西藏旅行的计划。 The question is whether your parents will 　subscribe to your plan to travel to　 Xizang this summer holiday. 3.blame vt.把……归咎于；责怪；指责 n.责备；指责 【用法】 （1）blame sb for （doing） sth责备某人（做了）某事 blame sth on sb　　把某事归咎于某人 be to blame （for）　　应（为……）承担责任；该（为……）受责备 （2）put the blame on　　归咎于…… 【佳句】　Instead of blaming each other，we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’ place.　（建议信） 我们应该多交流、 换位思考而不是相互责怪。 【点津】　在be to blame （for）短语中，主动形式表示被动含义。 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①In my view， Li Hua， who broke the school rule， was 　to blame　 （blame）. ②Lots of people find it hard to get up in the morning， and put the blame 　on　 the alarm clock. 【写美】　完成句子 ③由于被指责考试没考好，女孩忍不住掩面痛哭。　（情绪描写） 　Blamed for not performing well in the examination　， the girl couldn’t help crying bitterly， burying her face in her hands. 4.decrease n.减少；降低；减少量 vt.& vi.（使大小、数量等）减少；减小；降低 教材原句　Through Snow’s tireless efforts， water companies began to sell clean water， and the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease. 经过斯诺的不懈努力，饮用水公司开始出售洁净水，世界各地霍乱的威胁大幅降低。 【用法】 （1）decrease by　　　　　　减少了 decrease （from ...） to　　（从……）减少到 decrease in　　在某方面下降 （2）on the decrease　　在下降；在减少 a decrease in sth　　某方面的减少/下降 【佳句】　First，with the popularity of e-books，people find it convenient to download books on the Internet，leading to the decrease of traditional readers. 首先，随着电子书的普及，人们发现在互联网上下载书籍很方便，这导致了传统读者的减少。 【联想】　decrease的反义词为increase， 搭配如下： ①increase to ...增加到…… ②increase by ...增加了…… ③on the increase在增加 【练透】　单句语法填空 ①Through the doctor’s efforts， the number of people who suffered from the disease 　had decreased　 （decrease） significantly by the end of last century. ②Compared with last year， the number of the traffic accidents in the city has decreased 　by　 10%. 【写美】　完成句子 ③青少年对中国古代传统和风俗的了解正在减少，因此，我倡议组织各种活动以增进他们的知识和鉴赏力。 Teenagers’ understanding of ancient Chinese traditions and customs 　is on the decrease/is decreasing　， so I advocate organising various activities to promote their knowledge and appreciation. 重点句型解构 1.句型公式：so ...that ...如此……以至于…… 教材原句　He discovered that in two particular streets the cholera outbreak was so severe that more than 500 people died in ten days. 他发现霍乱疫情在两条街道上尤为严重，（以至于）十天内就有500多人死亡。 【用法】 （1）引导结果状语从句的两个句型： ①so＋ ②such＋ （2）当so或such位于句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。 【品悟】　He has made such great progress that the teachers are pleased with him.　（人物描写） 他取得了如此大的进步，老师们对他感到很满意。 【写美】　一句多译 ①他是如此紧张，以至于他感觉自己舌头打结，手心出汗。　（心理描写） →　He was so nervous that　 he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating. →　So nervous was he that　 he felt his tongue tied and palms sweating.　（倒装句） ②即将到来的中国工作坊是如此有意义的活动，以至于吸引了许多交换生。 →The upcoming Chinese workshop is 　so meaningful an activity that　 it appeals to numerous exchange students. →The upcoming Chinese workshop is 　such a meaningful activity that　 it appeals to numerous exchange students. 2.句型公式：have sth done 教材原句　It seemed that the woman liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.该妇女似乎非常喜欢从水泵抽上来的水，每天都让人从那里打水运到家里来。 【用法】 have结构“荟萃” have sb/sth done　使……被……；某人遭遇…… have sb/sth doing　　让某人/某物一直…… can’t have sb doing sth 　　不允许某人做某事 have sb do sth　　让某人做某事 have sth to do　　有事情要做 【品悟】　We began to help pick peaches and then had them delivered to the farmers’ houses.　（动作描写） 我们开始帮忙摘桃子，然后让人把它们送到农民家里。 【写美】　完成句子 ①这对双胞胎很想让他们的父亲帮他们做早餐。 The twins were eager to 　have their father help them with the breakfast　. ②男孩窘得一直双手掩面。　（情感描写） Embarrassed， the boy 　had his hands covering his face　. ③我非常抱歉让你等了这么长时间，因为刚才我有一件紧急的事情要处理。　（道歉信） I am terribly sorry for 　having you waiting for me for so long　， because 　I had an urgent thing to attend to　 just now. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.Because of human activities， the number of some rare animals is 　decreasing　 （减少）. 2.Alice was in low spirits because she was 　blamed　 （责怪） for the breakdown of the school computer network. 3.His mum got a 　severe　 （十分严重的） cold， so he had to be absent from school and attend to her at home. 4.I subscribed　 my name to the document，which was very important. Ⅱ.补全句子 1.　Thanks to the reading activity　 （多亏了这个阅读活动）， I can be more involved in reading classical books. 2.With the help of my father， we 　got down to preparing　 （开始准备） the Mother’s Day surprise again. 3.　So clearly does he speak English that　 （他英语说得如此清晰，以至于） he can always make himself understood. Ⅰ.品句填词 1.When getting along with others， we shouldn’t always blame　 others for mistakes. 2.There has been a decrease　 of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum. 3.I have already suspected　 that they won’t subscribe to my initial plan. 4.What made him frustrated　 was that his son was infected with this terrible virus. 5.We import 　raw　 （未处理的） materials and energy and export mainly industrial products. 6.Studying abroad can broaden our horizons and enhance 　multiple　 （多样的） abilities. 7.I hope my proposals can help you and you will soon 　handle　 （处理） the issue properly. Ⅱ.词形转换 1.Chinese herbs come from materials that are 　purely　 （pure） natural， which have small side effects. 2.Disappointed and 　frustrated　 （frustrate）， the poor man made his way back to his family. 3.There is no 　proof　 （prove） that this kind of lifestyle causes cancer in humans. 4.The lake， once 　severely　 （severe） polluted， has turned into a beautiful theme park. 5.People with strong immune systems are better able to fight off 　infection（s）　 （infect）. 6.The companies are working together to create what they hope will bring the greatest 　transformation　 （transform） in the 21st century. Ⅲ.固定搭配和句式 1.You should memorize more words and expressions to have your vocabulary 　enriched　 （enrich）， which is of vital importance to English learning. 2.With the application of the new technology， plastic waste can be recycled and transformed 　into　 building materials. 3.As long as payment online is safe， people will be more likely to link their bank cards 　to　 WeChat. 4.It was not until I settled down and lived in Beijing 　that　 I had a chance to pay a visit to the Great Wall. 5.I always 　subscribe to the view　 （赞同观点） that schooldays are the happiest time of my life. 6.Settling the matter 　once and for all　 （彻底地） is of critical importance for them to start a new life. 7.The past 40 years 　have seen the transformation of our school　 （见证了我们学校的转变）. Ⅳ.一词多义/熟词生义 快速阅读下列句子并选出句中加蓝词汇对应的意思 1.handle A.n.把手 B.vt.（用手）拿 C.vt.操纵（车辆、动物、工具等） D.vt.处理 ①The way you handle chopsticks is important to avoid annoying your companions.　　B　 ②She turned the handle and opened the door. 　　A　 ③I suggested that we should handle the problem at once. 　　D　 ④This kind of car is very popular as it is handled well even on wet roads. 　　C　 2.suspect A.n.犯罪嫌疑人　　　　B.adj.可疑的 C.vt.怀疑 ①（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）I cast a worried look at my teacher， murmuring，“I do suspect myself of my ability in writing.” 　　C　 ②Two suspects are now being interrogated in connection with the killing. 　　A　 ③His reason for being absent is suspect. 　　B　 快速阅读下列句子并猜测句中加蓝词汇的意思 3.Linking arms with one of the instructors， I helped carry the young man out of the water. 　vt.挽住　 4.The engine is used for pumping water out of the mine. 　vt.用泵输送　 5.The country has to import most of its raw materials.　adj.未加工的， 原材料的　 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 　　（2025·商丘高二上期末）As Cary Fowler and Geoffrey Hawtin began thinking about ways to prevent hunger and protect the world’s food supply， they came up with an idea of building a global seed vault （种子库） into the side of an Arctic mountain. 　　About 20 years ago， Fowler， now the US special envoy for Global Food Security， and Hawtin， an agricultural scientist from the United Kingdom， imagined the vault as a backup spot for seeds that could be used to breed （培育） new crops if existing seed banks were threatened by wars， climate change or other crises.On Thursday， officials in Washington announced that Fowler and Hawtin were named the winners of the 2024 World Food Prize for their work and would share a $500，000 award. 　　“To a lot of people today， it sounds like a perfectly reasonable thing to do.It’s a valuable natural resource and you want to offer strong protection for it.” Fowler said.“But fifteen years ago， shipping a lot of seeds to the closest place to the North Pole that you can fly into and putting them inside a mountain — that’s the craziest idea anybody ever had.” 　　The Svalbard Global Seed Vault they created opened in 2008 and now holds 1.25 million seed samples （样本） from nearly every country.The structure was built into the side of a mountain， providing protection for over 6，000 varieties of crops and culturally important plants. 　　Fowler and Hawtin said they hoped winning the World Food Prize would help them raise more money for seed banks around the world.Operating them is not too costly.However， the financial support needs to continue forever.“This is really a chance to get that message out and say， look， this relatively small amount of money is our insurance policy that we’re going to be able to feed the world in 50 years，” Hawtin said. 语篇解读：本文是一篇新闻报道。大约20年前，福勒和霍廷在北极山脉边上建造了种子库，因此获得了2024年世界粮食奖。 1.Why did Fowler and Hawtin win the 2024 World Food Prize？（　　） A.They planted lots of crops. B.They provided food for the hungry. C.They invented varieties of seeds. D.They built a seed vault. 解析：D　细节理解题。根据第一、二段可知，福勒和霍廷获得2024年世界粮食奖是因为他们建了一个种子库。 2.What can be learned about Fowler and Hawtin？（　　） A.Their seed vault is near the South Pole. B.They protect two million seed samples. C.They each received a $500，000 award. D.Their work has gained wide support. 解析：D　推理判断题。根据第四段第一句可知，他们拥有来自几乎每个国家的125万份种子样本。也就是说，他们的工作得到了广泛的支持。 3.What does Hawtin want to stress in the last paragraph？（　　） A.It is difficult to feed the world. B.It is necessary to save money. C.It is wise to fund seed banks. D.It is expensive to operate seed banks. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中霍廷的话可知，霍廷想要强调的是给种子银行提供资金是明智的。 4.Which word can best describe Fowler and Hawtin？（　　） A.Peace-loving.　　 B.Far-sighted. C.Hard-working.　　 D.Warm-hearted. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，福勒和霍廷是有远见的。 B 　　（2025·石家庄高二上检测）One of the winners of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2022 was Danish scientist Morten Meldal.When describing his career， Meldal said he started out as an engineer but changed to chemistry because he “wanted to understand the world”. 　　Meldal’s experience may come as a surprise to students.They might believe they have to center their work and school lives in one field to be successful.But a study from professors at Michigan State University shows that is not always the case. 　　Michele Root-Bernstein and Robert Root-Bernstein published their study in the Creativity Research Journal.They said that a large number of Nobel Prize winners can be described as “polymaths” or “Renaissance men or women”. 　　The writers looked at past Nobel Prize winners and their students.They decided that when students of winners go on to win Nobel Prizes， some of what they learned from their teachers is how to live a life with many interests.They are， in a way， learning how to be creative. 　　Having many interests， the Root-Bernsteins wrote， permits scientists to look for creative ways to solve problems.In fact， one important part of science is not discovering answers， but recognizing problems that need to be solved. 　　The Prize winners， the Root-Bernsteins said， transfer “skills， techniques and materials from one field to another”.They said Alexis Carrel won his Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1912 by using techniques he learned from the clothing business.He realized that people who used thread to make and fix clothing had a skill that could be used in operations to put new organs into people’s bodies. 　　The Michigan State professors study creativity.They found Nobel winners are nine times more likely to have experience in working with wood， metal or in the arts than most scientists.The Michigan State researchers say that unlike many people who spend long hours at work and give up some of their outside interests， Nobel winners believe their hobbies are important to creativity. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Michele Root-Bernstein和Robert Root-Bernstein在《创造力研究杂志》上发表了他们的研究。他们说，一大批诺贝尔奖获得者可以被称为“博学多才者”或“多才多艺者”。 5.What comes as a surprise to students according to the passage？（　　） A.Meldal’s winning Nobel Prize. B.Meldal’s original working field. C.Meldal’s desire to understand the world. D.Meldal’s study with Michigan State University. 解析：B　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句以及第二段第二句可推知，学生们感到惊讶的是Meldal最初的工作领域。 6.What kind of people can be sorted as “polymaths” or “Renaissance men or women”？（　　） A.People who only concentrate on one field. B.People who are committed to their career forever. C.People who are equipped with various interests. D.People who are admired for established achievements. 解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第二句、第三段最后一句以及第四段第二句可推知，可以被归类为“博学多才者”或“多才多艺者”的是有各种各样兴趣爱好的人。 7.What’s the author’s attitude towards the Root-Bernsteins’ discovery？（　　） A.Tolerant.　　 B.Cautious. C.Negative.　　 D.Objective. 解析：D　观点态度题。根据倒数第三段第一句以及倒数第二段第一句可知，本文作者只是转述两位研究者的发现。故推知，作者对他们的发现持客观态度。 8.Which of the following is a suitable title for the passage？（　　） A.A Secret to Winning Top Prize B.An Unbelievable Discovery C.A Born Nobel Prize Winner D.An Amazing Rise to Fame 解析：A　标题归纳题。通读全文内容，尤其是第三段内容可知，本文主要讲的是一大批诺贝尔奖获得者是多才多艺的人，这可以说是获得诺贝尔奖的秘诀。故推知，A项（赢得最高奖的秘密）最适合作文章标题。 Ⅱ.阅读七选五 　　（2025·广州高二上检测） Characteristics of an excellent scientist 　　The dictionary defines a scientist as a person having professional knowledge on one or more sciences， especially natural science or physical science.9.（　　） Let’s look at some characteristics of an excellent scientist. 　　Curiosity 　　An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.Scientists such as Thomas Edison and George Westinghouse discovered things mainly because they wanted to know how things work.10.（　　） 　　Patience 　　Becoming a scientist takes a long time.11.（　　） Even if you think you have received some education on science， you still have a lot of scientific research to do.If you’re an instant-gratification type of person， this may not be the best choice for you. 　　Ethical （道德的） qualities 　　In order to truly discover and use knowledge for the greater good， a scientist must have a desire to improve people’s life as well as the environment， since they are linked and they can affect one another in the long run.12.（　　） Sticking to an old belief contradicted with evidence is dishonest.However， that belief shouldn’t be changed without powerful evidence. 　　Working habits 　　13.（　　） He/She can work well alone or in groups， depending on what’s needed and also needs to communicate thoughts on paper and verbally.Networking connects him/her with colleagues working on similar projects where he/she may discover something new. A.To make discoveries， you have to think differently. B.There are very few jobs that take longer than this one. C.It also defines a scientist as someone who uses scientific methods. D.A scientist must report findings honestly regardless of personal interests or public opinion. E.One of the main places that many scientists work in is the research laboratory. F.An excellent scientist even takes notes of the smallest observation and keeps it in mind. G.Without a drive to ask questions or even wonder， a scientist will never get to the first stage of the scientific process. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了优秀科学家所具备的一些特征。 9.C　上文提到字典对“科学家”这一名词的解释和理解。故推知，空处应顺承此意，继续介绍对“科学家”的定义。 10.G　根据Curiosity以及上文An excellent scientist must be very curious about things.可知，科学家要具备的一个特征就是有好奇心。G项（如果科学家没有发问甚至好奇的动力，就永远无法进入科学过程的第一阶段）符合语境。 11.B　根据Patience以及上文Becoming a scientist takes a long time.可知，成为科学家需要很长时间，需要一定的耐心。故推知，空处应顺承此意。 12.D　根据下文可知，科学家要诚实，坚持真理，这是科学家Ethical qualities特征的体现。故推知，空处应说明科学家的一些品质。 13.F　根据Working habits可知，本段应介绍工作习惯，且下文作者介绍科学家的工作习惯。故F项（一个优秀的科学家甚至会记下最微小的观察结果并牢记在心）符合语境。 Ⅲ.完形填空 　　（2025·德州高中五校高二上期末）Caring 17-year-old， Lauren Schroeder， was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.When she was just 14， she volunteered at a local 　14　 to help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food.She felt something was missing： fresh vegetables.“I thought it would be great to 　15　 that，” Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and 　16　 homegrown produce. 　　This 　17　 teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.Initially， while proud of her daughter’s 　18　， Lauren’s mother， Katie， admitted to some 　19　， wondering how much work this would mean. 　　Coming from a farming family， Lauren had some 　20　 with agriculture， but she had never tried growing 　21　 at scale （规模）.She 　22　 plants online， checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop.She then secured a 　23　 from the National FFA Organization， which supports 　24　 education， to cover seeds and gardening supplies. 　　And importantly， Lauren didn’t 　25　 from hard work.During Iowa’s hot and dry summers， she had to 　26　 her crops for around three hours daily.She also 　27　 checked for harmful insects， and bent down to pick her green bean crop， the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion. 　　With assistance from her family， Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.She has also won the 　28　 of her community. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了17岁女孩Lauren Schroeder受到启发，决定帮助她所在社区的需要帮助的家庭获得健康食品的故事。 14.A.factory　　 B.school C.shelter　　 D.shop 解析：C　根据help fill boxes for people in need with canned and packaged food可推测，Lauren是在当地收容所做志愿者。 15.A.examine　　 B.tolerate C.discover　　 D.change 解析：D　根据上文She felt something was missing： fresh vegetables.可知，Lauren觉得食品中缺少蔬菜。再根据段首句可知，她想改变这一状况。 16.A.donate　　 B.promote C.purchase　　 D.process 解析：A　根据最后一段第一句可知，Lauren种植蔬菜的目的是捐赠给当地有需要的家庭。 17.A.honey-mouthed　　 B.kind-hearted C.good-mannered　　 D.open-minded 解析：B　根据上文Caring 17-year-old， Lauren Schroeder， was inspired to help bring healthy food to needy families in her community.以及Lauren told the Washington Post about her motivation to grow and 　16　 homegrown produce.可知，Lauren是个热心肠的、善良的女孩。 18.A.reputation　　 B.hobby C.vision　　 D.agenda 解析：C　根据上文This 　17　 teen then told her parents of her desire to start a garden on their family farm.可知，Lauren将自己的想法告诉了父母，由此可知，她的妈妈为女儿的想法感到骄傲。 19.A.mistakes　　 B.truths C.regrets　　 D.concerns 解析：D　根据wondering how much work this would mean可知，Katie对女儿的想法也感到担心，因为她不知道这意味着要做多少工作。 20.A.familiarity　　 B.difficulty C.doubt　　 D.patience 解析：A　根据上文Coming from a farming family可知，Lauren来自农民家庭。由此可知，她对农业还是有点熟悉的。 21.A.fruits　　 B.vegetables C.grains　　 D.trees 解析：B　根据上文she felt something was missing： fresh vegetables.可知，Lauren并未大规模种植过蔬菜。 22.A.mentioned　　 B.shared C.ranked　　 D.researched 解析：D　根据checking the instructions on how to take care of each crop可推测，她在网上研究如何种植农作物。 23.A.title　　 B.place C.fund　　 D.plan 解析：C　根据下文to cover seeds and gardening supplies可知，她从National FFA Organization获得资金，用来购买种子和园艺用品。 24.A.agricultural　　 B.cultural C.environmental　　 D.special 解析：A　根据to cover seeds and gardening supplies可判断，National FFA Organization支持农业教育。 25.A.fall off　　 B.set apart C.shy away　　 D.go back 解析：C　根据下文可知，Lauren凡事都亲力亲为。由此可知，她从未回避艰苦的工作。 26.A.gather　　 B.water C.observe　　 D.plant 解析：B　根据上文During Iowa’s hot and dry summers以及常识可知，在炎热干燥的夏季，她需要每天给庄稼浇水。 27.A.frequently　　 B.impatiently C.occasionally　　 D.leisurely 解析：A　根据下文the most challenging vegetable to harvest in her opinion可知，这项工作最具有挑战性。由此可知，她需要频繁地检查有害昆虫，采摘绿豆作物。 28.A.interest　　 B.admiration C.welfare　　 D.competition 解析：B　根据空前With assistance from her family， Lauren has donated more than 7，000 pounds of homegrown produce in the past two years.以及全文内容可知，她的善举赢得了社区人们的钦佩。 1 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $