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第二部分 语法专题突破
专题二 代词
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2.人称代词的用法
人称代词的主格只能在句中作主语。宾格常作及物动词或介词的宾语,有时也作be的表语。
He likes playing cards with us.
他喜欢跟我们一起打牌。
—Who is knocking at the door?谁在敲门?
—It's me, Mike.是我,迈克。
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(2)如果做了错事需要承担责任时,通常把第一人称放在最前面
—Who broke the door?谁损坏了门?
—I and Tom.我和汤姆。
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1.选词填空(it/one/that)
—Have you found your lost mobile phone?
—No,I haven't found ,but I bought this morning.
2.Mrs Lee teaches (我们) maths. (我们) all like (她).
3.We find better to work by using AI tools in the right way.
us
it
one
it
We
her
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2.物主代词的用法
(1)形容词性物主代词具有形容词的特性,在句中作定语,后面必须接名词
Our teacher is a young woman.
我们老师是一位年轻的女士。
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1.She fulfilled (she) childhood wish and became a space-themed painter.
2.Students should be allowed to make (they) own decisions at home.
her
their
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(2)名词性物主代词具有名词的特性,后面不能再跟名词。它相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,在句中可作主语、宾语或表语
Her English is better than mine.
她的英语比我的好。
(her作定语,mine=my English作宾语)
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3.—Excuse me, are these books (you)?
—No, they are (I) classmate's.
4.My idea is different from (she).
my
hers
yours
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(3)“of +名词性物主代词”短语可以作名词的后置定语
The two girls are friends of his.
那两个女孩是他的朋友。
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5.Helen is the best friend of (he) at school. They often help each other.
his
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考点 3 反身代词
1.反身代词的分类
反身代词是一种表示某人自己的代词。它与其所指代的名词或代词在人称、性、数上保持一致。
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2.反身代词的用法
(1)反身代词作及物动词的宾语,表示动作
返回到动作执行者本身,即主语和宾语是
同一个或同一些人/物,常与之搭配的动词
(短语)有:
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I'm sure you'll enjoy yourselves.我肯定你们将玩得很开心。
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1.Mum joined our little group and introduced (she) to our new friends.
2.Help (you) to some water, boys and girls.
(2)反身代词常用在in,with,of,after,by等介词后作宾语
I sometimes get angry with myself when I get bad marks.
当考试成绩不好时,我有时会生自己的气。
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3.Nobody taught . She learnt all by . (she)
4.This time, we must depend on (we) to solve the problem.
her
herself
yourselves
ourselves
herself
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指示代词可在句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
Those are my parents.(作主语)那是我父母。
Throw it like that.(作宾语)像那样扔它。
2.that,those的特殊用法
that,those常常用来代替前面提到过的名词,以避免重复。that代指不可数名词或单数可数名词,those代指复数可数名词。
Life is much better than that in the past.
现在的生活比过去的好多了。
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1.我们班的图书数量比隔壁班的(图书数量)多。(that)
2.如今的手机功能比过去的那些(手机功能)强大得多。(those)
The number of books in our class is larger than that in the next-door class.
The functions of mobile phones nowadays are much more powerful than those in the past.
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选词填空(it/that/one)
3.—Oh, I forget to bring my umbrella.
—I've got . We can share .
4.—I'm a little hungry, Mum!
—There are some apple pies on the table. You can take .
one
it
one
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Either of the two boys is correct.
这两个男孩都是正确的。
This book is mine, and the other is my sister's.
这本书是我的,另一本是我妹妹的。
None of us passed the exam. We all failed.
我们当中没有一个人通过考试,我们都没及格。
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(1)一般情况下,由some构成的不定代词常用在肯定句中;由any构成的不定代词常用在疑问句或否定句中。但 something也可用于表示请求、建议或征求意见的疑问句中,通常是期望得到肯定回答。anyone和 anybody也可用于肯定句,表示“任何人/一个”。
Would you like something to drink?你想喝点儿什么吗?
(2)形容词、不定式短语以及else修饰不定代词时,须放在不定代词后面。
We have something important to do lately.我们最近有些重要的事情要做。
【拓展】
复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词常用单数。
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3.在图书馆,我们永远不能拿走不属于自己的任何东西。(anything)
4.在社区,志愿者们总做些帮助老人的暖心事。(something)
Volunteers in the community always do something warm to help the elderly.
In the library, we should never take away anything that doesn't belong to us.
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考点 6 疑问代词
疑问代词用来构成疑问句,疑问代词在句中应位于谓语动词之前。常用的疑问代词有:
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Who wants to go with me?谁想和我一起去?
To whom are you talking?你在和谁聊天?
Which is the largest city in the world?
世界上最大的城市是哪个?
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1.— are you going to prepare for the school's “Cultural Heritage Promotion” activity?
—A hand-painted fan with traditional patterns.
2. type of“City Volunteer Service” gift do you like best, the eco-friendly tote(手提) bag, the themed badge(徽章) or the handmade postcard?
3.— is the volunteer teaching kids at the community center?
—She is a college student from the nearby campus.
Who
What
Which
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Ⅰ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1.Paul went to the bookstore with some friends of (he).
2.Lucy's English is much better than (me).
3.If we just think about (we), the boat of friendship will be overturned anytime.
4.A smile costs (something),but gives so much. So we should learn to smile.
5.In (she) opinion, natural wonders are more exciting than man-made ones.
his
mine
ourselves
nothing
her
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6.I asked to do schoolwork by .(he)
7.On the way to Mount Tai,the scenery was so beautiful that all of us lost (us) in it.
8.Something is wrong with my father's new computer. It always turns (it) off.
9.Li Bai gave Du Fu a lot of inspiration in the art of poetry. But (they) poems were different.
10.I invited Joe and Linda to dinner,but (both) of them came.
11.Besides, they are greatly interested in (it) history and culture.
its
himself
him
his
ourselves
itself
their
neither
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Ⅱ.翻译句子
1.我们珍惜日常生活中与家人和朋友在一起的时光。(everyday)
2.我们的父母总是鼓励我们要坚持梦想。(stick to/hold on to)
3.每个人都天生具有学习的能力。(be born with)
We value the time we spend with our family and friends in everyday lives.
Our parents always encourage us to stick to/hold on to our dreams.
Everyone is born with the ability to learn.
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4.青少年应该被允许自己做决定。(make decisions)
5.Tom和Tim都没有看过这部电影。(neither...nor...)
Teenagers should be allowed to make their own decisions.
Neither Tom nor Tim has seen this film.
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