Unit 1 Past and present 语法篇（“导”与“练”）-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册导练测同步（译林版2024）

Unit 1 Past and present 语法篇（现在完成时I） 关于“现在完成时（I）“语法内容，教材如是说： 我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。现在完成时也可和频度副词一起表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。如： He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.自从来到南京，他就一直住在这里。 I have lost my mobile phone.我的手机丢了。(言下之意：我现在无法使用手机。) I have been to Beijing many times.我去过北京很多次了。 现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副词以及since、for引导的时间状语连用。如： He has not returned the book to me yet.他还没有把那本书还给我。 He has never visited the Great Wall. 他从没去过长城。 Suzhou classical gardens have been famous for a long time.苏州园林已闻名许久。注意：already常用于肯定句，意为“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意为“还”。 ◆现在完成时的动词构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词。 大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。 ◆不规则动词的过去分词变化 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例(原形－过去式－过去分词) 与原形相同 hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt 在原形后加t或d learn—learnt—learnt hear—heard—heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get—got—got sit—sat—sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make—made—made spill—spilt—spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel—felt—felt smell—smelt—smelt 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例(原形－过去式－过去分词) 与原形相同 come—came—come run—ran—run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—rung sing—sang—sung 在原形上加en eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen 在原形上加n see—saw—seen give—gave—given 在过去式上加n steal—stole—stolen break—broke—broken 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形差异较大 do—did—done 友情提醒：规则动词过去分词的变化规则同过去式。 附录：三级以内不规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化表整合 (教材Ps146-147)原表(笔者加注了汉语意思) 序号 原形 汉语 过去式 过去分词 1 awake (使)醒来，唤醒 awoke awoken 2 be(am, is, are) 是，存在 was/were been 3 bear 忍受，生育 bore borne 4 beat 击败，敲打，打败，(心)跳 beat beaten 5 become 变得，成为 became become 6 begin 开始 began begun 7 bleed 流血，出血 bled bled 8 blow 吹，刮风 blew blown 9 break 打破，打碎 broke broken 10 bring 带来，拿来 brought brought 11 build 建造，修建 built built 12 burn 燃烧，烧坏，烧焦 burned/burnt burned/burnt 13 buy 买，购买 bought bought 14 catch 抓/捉住，赶上 caught caught 15 choose 选择，挑选 chose chosen 16 come 来，来到 came come 17 cost 花费，需付费，值(多少钱) cost cost 18 cut 切，割，剪 cut cut 19 deal 对付，对待，处理 dealt dealt 20 dig 挖，掘 dug dug 21 do 做，干，办 did done 22 draw 画画，拉，吸引 drew drawn 23 dream 做梦，梦想 dreamt/dreamed dreamt/ dreamed 24 drink 喝，饮用 drank drunk 25 drive 驾驶，开车，逼迫，驱使 drove driven 26 eat 吃 ate eaten 27 fall 落下，掉下，跌倒，下降 fell fallen 28 feed 喂养，饲养 fed fed 29 feel 感觉，觉得，触摸，摸起来 felt felt 30 fight 打架/仗，战斗，争论 fought fought 31 find 找到，发现，觉得 found found 32 fly 飞，飞行，放飞 flew flown 33 forget 忘记，遗忘 forgot forgotten 34 freeze 结冰，冻结，冻住 froze frozen 35 get 得到，获得，变得 got got/gotten 36 give 给，给予 gave given 37 go 去，走，离开 went gone 38 grow 生长，种植，变得 grew grown 39 hang 悬挂 hung hung 40 have 有，吃，喝，进行 had had 41 hear 听见，听到，听说 heard heard 42 hide 隐藏，躲藏，隐瞒 hid hidden 43 hit 打，撞(击)，击中 hit hit 44 hold 握(拿)住，支撑，举行，容纳 held held 45 hurt 伤害，受伤，使疼痛 hurt hurt 46 keep 保持，保留，继续 kept kept 47 know 知道，了解，认识 knew known 48 lay 放置，产卵，下蛋 laid laid 49 lead 带领，引导，领导 led led 50 learn 学习，学会，得知 learnt/learned learnt/learned 51 leave 离开，留下，遗忘 left left 52 lend 借出，借给 lent lent 53 let 让，允许 let let 54 lie 躺 lay lain 55 light 点燃，照亮 lit/lighted lit/lighted 56 lose 丢失，失去，输掉 lost lost 57 make 做，制作，使(得) made made 58 mean 意思是，意味着，打算 meant meant 59 meet 遇见，会见，满足 met met 60 mistake 弄错，误解，犯错 mistook mistaken 61 pay 支付，付款，偿还 paid paid 62 put 放，放置，放下 put put 63 read /ri:d/ 读，阅读，朗读 read /red/ read /red/ 64 ride 骑，乘坐(车、马等) rode ridden 65 ring 响(铃)，打电话，环绕 rang rung 66 rise 升起，上升，起身 rose risen 67 run 跑，奔跑，经营 ran run 68 say 说，讲 said said 69 see 看见，看到，领会 saw seen 70 sell 卖，销售，出卖 sold sold 71 send 发送，邮寄，派遣 sent sent 72 set 放置，设置，使处于 set set 73 shake 摇动，摇晃，震动 shook shaken 74 shine 发光，照耀，闪耀 shone shone 75 shoot 开(枪)，射击，投(球)，发射，射门 shot shot 76 show 显示，展示，表明，给……看 showed shown 77 shut 关闭，关上 shut shut 78 sing 唱，唱歌 sang sung 79 sit 坐，就座 sat sat 80 sleep 睡觉，入睡 slept slept 81 smell 闻，嗅，散发气味 smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 82 speak 说，讲，发言 spoke spoken 83 speed 加速，超速行驶 sped/speeded sped/speeded 84 spell 拼写，拼出 spelt/spelled spelt/spelled 85 spend 花费，度过，耗费 spent spent 86 spread 蔓延，传播，扩散，展开 spread spread 87 stand 站，站立，忍受 stood stood 88 steal 偷(窃)，窃取 stole stolen 89 stick 粘贴，粘住，坚持 stuck stuck 90 sweep 扫，打扫，清扫，清除 swept swept 91 swim 游，游泳 swam swum 92 take 拿，取，带走，花费 took taken 93 teach 教，教导，教授 taught taught 94 tell 告诉，讲述，分辨 told told 95 think 想，认为，思考 thought thought 96 throw 扔，投掷，抛，丢 threw thrown 97 understand 理解，明白，懂得 understood understood 98 wake 醒，唤醒，醒来，叫醒 woke woken 99 wear 穿，戴，磨损 wore worn 100 win 赢，赢得，获胜 won won 101 write 写，书写，写作 wrote written 再整合，便于同学们记忆 序号 原形 汉语 过去式 过去分词 AAA型(原形+过去式+过去分词：同形) (第7个单词虽然同形，但不同音) 1 cost 花费，需付费，值(多少钱) cost cost 2 cut 切，割，剪 cut cut 3 hit 打，撞(击)，击中 hit hit 4 hurt 伤害，受伤，使疼痛 hurt hurt 5 let 让，允许 let let 6 put 放，放置，放下 put put 7 read /ri:d/ 读，阅读，朗读 read /red/ read /red/ 8 set 放置，设置，使处于 set set 9 shut 关闭，关上 shut shut 10 spread 蔓延，传播，扩散，展开 spread spread ABB型(过去式+过去分词：同形) 1 bleed 流血，出血 bled bled 2 bring 带来，拿来 brought brought 3 build 建造，修建 built built 4 burn 燃烧，烧坏，烧焦 burned/burnt burned/burnt 5 buy 买，购买 bought bought 6 catch 抓/捉住，赶上 caught caught 7 deal 对付，对待，处理 dealt dealt 8 dig 挖，掘 dug dug 9 dream 做梦，梦想 dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed 10 feed 喂养，饲养 fed fed 11 feel 感觉，觉得，触摸，摸起来 felt felt 12 fight 打架/仗，战斗，争论 fought fought 13 find 找到，发现，觉得 found found 14 hang 悬挂 (如果作为“上吊，绞死”意义解就是规则动词，过去式和过去分词加ed：hanged-hanged) hung hung 15 have 有，吃，喝，进行 had had 16 hear 听见，听到，听说 heard heard 17 hold 握(拿)住，支撑，举行，容纳 held held 18 keep 保持，保留，继续 kept kept 19 lay 放置，产卵，下蛋 laid laid 20 lead 带领，引导，领导 led led 21 learn 学习，学会，得知 learnt/learned learnt/learned 22 leave 离开，留下，遗忘 left left 23 lend 借出，借给 lent lent 24 light 点燃，照亮 lit/lighted lit/lighted 25 lose 丢失，失去，输掉 lost lost 26 make 做，制作，使(得) made made 27 mean 意思是，意味着，打算 meant meant 28 meet 遇见，会见，满足 met met 29 pay 支付，付款，偿还 paid paid 30 say 说，讲 said said 31 sell 卖，销售，出卖 sold sold 32 send 发送，邮寄，派遣 sent sent 33 shine 发光，照耀，闪耀 shone shone 34 shoot 开(枪)，射击，投(球)，发射，射门 shot shot 35 sit 坐，就座 sat sat 36 sleep 睡觉，入睡 slept slept 37 smell 闻，嗅，散发气味 smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 38 speed 加速，超速行驶 sped/speeded sped/speeded 39 spell 拼写，拼出 spelt/spelled spelt/spelled 40 spend 花费，度过，耗费 spent spent 41 stand 站，站立，忍受 stood stood 42 stick 粘贴，粘住，坚持 stuck stuck 43 sweep 扫，打扫，清扫，清除 swept swept 44 teach 教，教导，教授 taught taught 45 tell 告诉，讲述，分辨 told told 46 think 想，认为，思考 thought thought 47 understand 理解，明白，懂得 understood understood 48 win 赢，赢得，获胜 won won 特别提醒：2、5、6、12、44、46六个单词(原词含有字母a的就变成aught，否则就变成ought) ABA型(原形+过去分词：同形)&AAB型(原形+过去式：同形) 1 become 变得，成为 became become 2 come 来，来到 came come 3 run 跑，奔跑，经营 ran run 4 beat 击败，敲打，打败，(心)跳 beat beaten ABC型(原形+过去式+过去分词：异形) 1 awake (使)醒来，唤醒 awoke awoken 2 be(am,is,are) 是，存在 was/were been 3 bear 忍受，生育 bore borne 4 begin 开始 began begun 5 blow 吹，刮风 blew blown 6 break 打破，打碎 broke broken 7 choose 选择，挑选 chose chosen 8 do 做，干，办 did done 9 draw 画画，拉，吸引 drew drawn 10 drink 喝，饮用 drank drunk 11 drive 驾驶，开车，逼迫，驱使 drove driven 12 eat 吃 ate eaten 13 fall 落下，掉下，跌倒，下降 fell fallen 14 fly 飞，飞行，放飞 flew flown 15 forget 忘记，遗忘 forgot forgotten 16 freeze 结冰，冻结，冻住 froze frozen 17 get 得到，获得，变得 got got/gotten 18 give 给，给予 gave given 19 go 去，走，离开 went gone 20 grow 生长，种植，变得 grew grown 21 hide 隐藏，躲藏，隐瞒 hid hidden 22 know 知道，了解，认识 knew known 23 lie 躺，位于 lay lain 24 mistake 弄错，误解，犯错 mistook mistaken 25 ride 骑，乘坐(车、马等) rode ridden 26 ring 响(铃)，打电话，环绕 rang rung 27 rise 升起，上升，起身 rose risen 28 see 看见，看到，领会 saw seen 29 shake 摇动，摇晃，震动 shook shaken 30 show 显示，展示，表明，给……看 showed shown 31 sing 唱，唱歌 sang sung 32 speak 说，讲，发言 spoke spoken 33 steal 偷(窃)，窃取 stole stolen 34 swim 游，游泳 swam swum 35 take 拿，取，带走，花费 took taken 36 throw 扔，投掷，抛，丢 threw thrown 37 wake 醒，唤醒，醒来，叫醒 woke woken 38 wear 穿，戴，磨损 wore worn 39 write 写，书写，写作 wrote written 一、动词变形 跟汉语所不同的是，英语要通过动词本身的变化或在助动词帮助下，乃至自身不仅需要变化，还得要在助动词的帮助下，来表示时态的变化。动词有五种形态：原形动词、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。从我们到目前为止所学动词时态的知识看，它们分别与下列各时态紧密相连。 ①原形动词、第三人称单数与一般现在时(7A Units 1-2)紧密相连； ②现在分词与现在进行时(7A Units 8)紧密相连； ③原形动词与一般将来时(7B Unit 2)紧密相连； ④过去式与一般过去时(7B Units 7-8)紧密相连； ⑤现在分词与过去进行时(8A Unit 8)紧密相连； ⑥过去分词与现在完成时(8B Unit 1)紧密相连。 一般现在时 do/does, (is/am/are) 现在进行时 is/am/are+现在分词 一般将来时 shall/will +原形动词 is/am/are going to+原形动词 is/am/are(about)to+原形动词 一般过去时 did, (was/were) 过去进行时 was/were+现在分词 现在完成时 has/have+过去分词 二、基础知识 1. 基本用法 务必记牢：现在完成时，既涉及到过去，又联系到现在。 三个基本用法： ①表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态 We have lived here since ten years ago.(意指现在还在住并很有可能继续住下去) ②表示过去发生的某一动作，现在已经完成，对现在造成的影响或结果 I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door.(钥匙是过去丢的，影响到现在：开不了门) ③表示已做过的事情重复几次 The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I have seen it three times so far. 电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止我已经看过三次了。 2. 句式结构 肯定句：主语+助动词have/ has+过去分词+其他. 否定句：主语+助动词have/ has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：助动词Have/ Has+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答语：Yes, I/we/you/they have. Yes, he/she/it has. 否定回答语：No, I/we/you/they haven’t. No, he/she/it hasn’t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词have/ has+主语+过去分词+其他? 3. 常用状语 副词&介词短语 用法 例句 already 意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中。用于疑问句时表示惊讶、怀疑的语气。 This storybook is so interesting that I can’t put it down. I have read it twice already.这本故事书如此有趣，以至于我放不下它。我已经读了两遍了。 Nowadays the population of India has already become larger than that of China.如今印度的人口已经比中国的人口多了。 yet 意为“还(未)；已经”，常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。 —Have you watched the movie Evil Unbound “731” yet? —Yes, I’ve already watched it twice. It’s really worth watching. “你看过电影《731》了吗？”“是的，我已经看过两次了。它真的很值得看。” just 意为“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中。 —I don’t think Jim can sing the song, can he? —Yes, he can. He has just learned to sing it online. “我认为吉姆不会唱这首歌，是吗？” “不，他会。他刚在网上学会唱这首歌。” ever 意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句中。 Have you ever visited the Great Wall? 你曾参观过长城吗? never 意为“从未/从不”，表示否定，强调没有例外。 I’ve never heard of that man before。 我以前从未听说过那个人。 recently 意为“最近/不久前/近来”，指过去不久到现在的一段时间的 时候，常和现在完成时连用。 注意：recently也可指过去不久的某一时刻的时候，常和一般过去时连用。 Thanks for helping me go over what we have learnt recently.谢谢你帮我复习我们最近学的东西。 The bridge was built recently. 这座桥是最近建造的。 for 时间延续 意为“持续时长”，for后跟表示时间段短语。 —Do you miss your father, Jack? —Yes. I haven’t seen him for three months. “杰克，你想念你父亲吗？” “是的。我已经三个月没见到他了。” since 意为“自(从)……以来”，后跟表示过去的时间点或从句。 Mr. Li has travelled to more than 10 countries since 2010.自2010年以来，李先生已经去过10多个国家。 There has been a new park near our community since last year. Many people go there to exercise. 从去年开始，我们社区附近有了一个新公园。许多人去那里锻炼。 I met one of my classmates by chance in the street this morning. We haven’t seen each other since three years ago.今天早上我在街上偶然遇到了一个同学。我们已经有三年没见面了。 Hefei has changed a lot since the subway came into use.自从地铁投入使用以来，合肥发生了很大变化。 before 意为“以前”，须单独使用，常用于句末。 For Sarah, this picture is very amazing, because she hasn’t seen it before.对萨拉来说，这张照片非常令人惊奇，因为她以前没见过它。 over/in/during the last/past few years 意为“在过去的几年里”，常用于句末。虽然表示的是过去时间，但是动作所产生的影响或结果还在。 In China, technological progress has been so rapid over the last few years.在中国，科技的进步在过去的几年期间是如此的快速。 Great changes have taken place in our school during the past few years.在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的改变。 so far 意为“到目前为止，迄今为止”，可以用于句首或句末。 So far, we have learnt about 3 thousand new words. 到目前为止我们已经学习了大约三千个新单词。 Most people agree that smart technology has become a big part of society so far.大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 语法篇（现在完成时I） (满分45分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. —________, China has realized the goal of a moderately prosperous society(小康社会). —So it has. A. So far B. In the past C. Right now D. Just now 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“迄今为止，中国已经实现了小康社会的目标。”“确实如此。”So far迄今为止；In the past在过去；Right now现在，立即；Just now刚才。根据“has realized”可知，句子使用现在完成时，so far常与现在完成时连用，表示“到目前为止”，故选A。 2. —Have you had the English test ________? —No, not yet. But we have ________ had the math test. A. already, yet B. yet, already C. already, already D. yet, yet 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你已经完成英语考试了吗？”“不，还没有。但是我已经完成了数学考试。”yet用于疑问句中表示“已经”；already用于肯定句中表示“已经”。第一个空为一般疑问句，故填yet；第二个空为肯定句，故填already，故选B。 3. —Bob, why is your room in such a terrible mess again? —I tidied it up ten minutes ago. Little Jerry has _______ played here. A. just B. already C. never D. yet 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“鲍勃，你的房间怎么又这么乱了？”“我十分钟之前刚打扫干净的。小杰瑞刚刚在这里玩了。”just刚刚；already已经；never从不，从来没有；yet仍，还，常用于否定句或疑问句中。根据语境可知，现在房间又变乱了，因此小杰瑞刚刚在这里玩了，故选A。 4. I like English very much, so I ________ read English every day in the morning. A. usually B. hardly ever C. never D. ever 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我非常喜欢英语，所以我通常每天早上读英语。考查频度副词辨析。usually通常；hardly ever几乎不；never从不；ever曾经。由“非常喜欢英语”可知，我通常每天早上读英语，故选A。 5.—Have you washed the clothes _______? —Yes, I have _______ washed them. A. just, just B. yet, just C. just, yet D. yet, yet 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“你洗完衣服了吗？”“是的，我刚洗完。” just刚才、刚刚，常用于肯定句；yet仍未、还未，常用于疑问句和否定句，且通常在句末位置。第一个空，现在完成时态，一般疑问句，因此用yet；第二个空，现在完成时态，表示刚刚洗完衣服，肯定句用just，故选B。 6. —Have you ________ visited Shanghai Disneyland? —Not ________. I’m looking forward to visiting it as soon as possible. A. yet, yet B. yet, already C. ever, never D. ever, yet 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“你曾去参观过上海迪士尼乐园吗?”“还没有。我期待着尽快去参观它。”yet还、仍然，用于完成时的否定句，一般放在句末；already已经，用于完成时的肯定句；ever曾经，用于现在完成时态；never从不，不一定要用在现在完成时态中。第一个空，根据“Have you … visited Shanghai Disneyland?”可知是问是否曾经去参观过上海迪士尼乐园，因此用ever；第二个空，由后面的“I’m looking forward to visiting it as soon as possible.”可知是没有去过，not yet“还没有”，故选D。 7. —Mark, look at this. I have ________ seen such a fine painting before. —Wow, it is perfect. A. never B. already C. ever D. yet 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“Mark，看这个。我以前从未见过这么好的画。”“哇，它是完美的。”never从不；already已经；ever曾；yet还。根据“Wow, it is perfect”可知，从未见到如此美的画，所以感叹它的美妙，故选A。 8. I became a student ten years ________. I have been a student ________ 2004. I have studied here ________ about 10 years. A. ago, since, for B. ago, for, since C. ago, before, for D. before, in, after 【答案】A 【解析】句意：我十年前成为一名学生。我从2004年开始就是一名学生。我在这里学习了大约10年。ago之前；since自从；for与一段时间连用；before在之前；after在之后。根据became可知，此空应填ago，一段时间+ago通常与一般过去时连用。since+过去的时间点通常与现在完成时连用，根据have been可知，第二空填since。“about 10 years”是一段时间，与介词for连用，故选A。 9. The new museum for Modern Chinese Scientists ________ to the public since last spring. A. are open B. was opening C. has been open D. will be open 【答案】C 【解析】句意：这个新的中国现代科学家博物馆自去年春天以来一直对公众开放。根据“since last spring”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+动词的过去分词”，且“be open”表示状态，“open”是形容词，意为“开放的”，其现在完成时结构为“has been open”，故选C。 10. —Look! Someone ________ the room up! —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A. tidies B. has tidied C. will tidy D. is tidying 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“看！有人已经打扫了房间！”“嗯，那不是我。我没做。”根据答语“it wasn’t me”可知，动作已完成并对现在有影响，时态用现在完成时，故选B。 11. Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A. goes to B. has gone to C. will go to D. was going to 【答案】B 【解析】句意：我们的英语老师现在不在办公室。她去图书馆了。根据“Our English teacher isn’t in the office now”可知，“去图书馆”的动作发生在过去，且对现在造成了“不在办公室”的影响，需用现在完成时；“has gone to” 符合“去了未回”的语境，故选B。 12. With the development of science and technology, more and more robots ________ in our daily lives recently. A. appear B. appeared C. have appeared D. will appear 【答案】C 【解析】句意：随着科学技术的发展，越来越多的机器人出现在我们的日常生活中。根据“recently”可知此处表示过去的动作对现在的影响，用现在完成时have/has done，故选C。 13. Sorry, I’m busy at the moment. I ________ my homework. A. am doing B. have done C. will do D. was doing 【答案】A 【解析】句意：对不起，我现在很忙。我正在做我的作业。根据“Sorry, I’m busy at the moment.”可知，现在很忙，说明正在做某事，用现在进行时，am doing符合语境，故选A。 14. Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A. are coming B. have come C. came D. will come 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自去年以来，许多国际学生来参观我们学校。根据“since last year”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，结构是have/has done，故选B。 15. —What’s that terrible noise outside? —The Blacks ______ some house repairs. The noise is a big headache for me! A. do B. are doing C. have done D. will do 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“外面那可怕的噪音是什么？”“布莱克一家正在做一些房屋维修。这噪音真让我头疼！”根据“What’s that terrible noise outside?”可知，此处表示现在正在进行的动作，应用现在进行时，其结构为“be+doing”，主语“The Blacks”表示布莱克一家，是复数，be动词用are，故选B。 16. —We have been friends since we ________ in the same neighborhood. —How time flies! A. have lived B. lived C. live D. will live 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“自从我们住在同一个街区以来，我们一直是朋友。”“时间过得真快！”根据“We have been friends since we ... in the same neighborhood.”可知，“since”引导的时间状语从句，主句使用现在完成时，从句应使用一般过去时，故选B。 17. —So far, three Chinese women astronauts ________ into space. —That’s true. They’re the pride of our nation. A. travel B. have traveled C. will travel D. traveled 【答案】B 【解析】句意：“到目前为止，已经有三名中国女宇航员进入了太空。”“确实如此。她们是我们国家的骄傲。”so far常与现在完成时连用，故选B。 18. —Why are you so happy? —I ________ the science project, and I think I did a really good job. A. am completing B. will complete C. have completed D. was completing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：“你为什么这么高兴？”“我已完成科学项目，而且我觉得我做得非常好。”根据题干语境可知，“完成科学项目”这一动作对现在产生的影响是“很开心”，应用现在完成时，故选C。 19. —Hey, Lily! You look so energetic now. —Yeah! I started my weight-management journey last year. All my efforts _______ off. I feel so much better now. A. are paying B. will pay C. pay D. have paid 【答案】D 【解析】句意：“嘿，莉莉！你现在看起来精力充沛。”“耶！去年我开始了我的体重管理之旅。我所有的努力都得到了回报。我现在感觉好多了。”pay支付，pay off得到回报。根据“I feel so much better now.”可知，我现在感觉好多了，因此表示我的体重管理已经得到了回报，因此用现在完成时，故选D。 20. It’s been 100 years ________ the May Fourth Movement took place on May4, 1919. A. for B. in C. since D. on 【答案】C 【解析】句意：五四运动自1919年5月4日发生以来已经有100年了。for后接时间段；in后接表示将来的时间；since自从，后接时间点；on后接具体的某一天。根据“It’s been 100 years”可知，此处表示从过去某个时间点到现在的时长，since引导的时间状语从句常与现在完成时连用，符合语境，故选C。 21. The light is still on in Mr. Lin’s office. I’m afraid he ________ his work. A. doesn’t finish B. didn’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. won’t finish 【答案】C 【解析】句意：林先生办公室的灯还亮着。恐怕他还没有完成工作。根据“The light is still on in Mr. Lin’s office.”可知，林先生办公室的灯还亮着，说明他的工作应该还没有完成，句子应用现在完成时，故选C。 22. My uncle has worked in the TV station ________ he graduated from university. A. because B. although C. if D. since 【答案】D 【解析】句意：我的叔叔自从大学毕业以来，就一直在电视台工作。because因为，引导原因状语从句；although尽管，引导让步状语从句；if如果，引导条件状语从句；since自从，引导时间状语从句 。根据句中“has worked”为现在完成时，以及“he graduated from university”为一般过去时可知，从大学毕业这个时间点开始一直持续到现在的动作，存在时间上的先后关系，since符合语境，且since是现在完成时的标志词，故选D。 23. Mum has been working in this school since she ________ from university in 2000. A. graduates B. has graduated C. had graduated D. graduated 【答案】D 【解析】句意：妈妈自从2000年大学毕业后就一直在这所学校工作。根据“since she ... from university in 2000”可知，since引导的时间状语从句时态用一般过去时，动词应用过去式，故选D。 24. In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A. has appeared B. appears C. will appear D. appeared 【答案】D 【解析】句意：在中国，火锅已有1000多年的历史。它首先出现在蒙古地区，然后在中国南方流行起来。根据“It first...in the Mongolia area”可知动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，动词用过去式，故选D。 25. She ________ to learn English songs for half a year. Now she can sing many English songs well. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn 【答案】C 【解析】句意：她学习英语歌曲已经半年了。现在她能把很多英语歌曲唱得很好。根据时间状语“for half a year”(表示持续一段时间)和现在的结果“Now she can sing”，可知动作从过去开始并持续到现在，强调对现在的影响，应用现在完成时，其结构为has/have done。故选C。 26. How long ________ Mr. White ________ a member of Greener China since he ________ to China? A. have, joined, comes B. have, been, has come C. has, joined, has come D. has, been, came 【答案】D 【解析】句意：自从怀特先生来到中国以来，他成为绿色中国的成员多久了？join参加，非延续性动词；be成为，延续性动词。根据“since”可知，since引导时间状语从句，其前为主句。通常这时主句应用现在完成时，其谓语结构为“have/has+done”，且由“how long”询问时间段可知，此处谓语动词应用延续性动词；而从句应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用其过去式，故选D。 (本题只要知道第三空用一般过去时，就能搞定答案) 27. Since it was fixed last year, the lightning rod ________ the building from lightning strikes at least three times. A. protects B. protected C. has protected D. had protected 【答案】C 【解析】句意：自从去年被修复以来，这个避雷针已经保护这座建筑免受雷击至少三次了。protects保护，一般现在时；protected保护，一般过去时；has protected已经保护了，现在完成时；had protected已经保护了，过去完成时。根据“Since it was fixed last year”可知，since引导的时间状语从句表示从过去某时开始持续到现在的动作，主句常用现在完成时，强调对现在的影响或结果，故选C。 28. Susan ________ many Chinese characters since she came to China. A. learns B. has learned C. is learning D. learned 【答案】B 【解析】句意：自从苏珊来到中国以来，她已经学会了许多汉字。learns学习，动词三单；has learned已经学会，现在完成时；is learning正在学习，现在进行时；learned学习，过去式。根据“since she came to China”可知，此处应用现在完成时，故选B。 29. Over the past three years, you ________ your abilities and become a better yourself. A. develop B. will develop C. have developed D. are developing 【答案】C 【解析】句意：在过去的三年里，你已经提升了自己的能力，成为了更好的自己。 develop是一般现在时；will develop是一般将来时；have developed是现在完成时；are developing是现在进行时。根据“Over the past three years”，可知这是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，所以此处应用现在完成时，结构为“have/has +过去分词”，故选C。 30. —Did you buy the bike for 2,000 yuan? —Yes, I’ve ________ it ________ about two years. A. had, for B. bought, before C. had, before D. bought, for 【答案】A 【解析】句意：“你花了2000元买这辆自行车吗？”“是的，我已经买了两年了。”have拥有，延续性动词；buy买，非延续性动词；for (用来表示时间或距离)达，计；before 在……之前。结合语境及“I’ve … about two years”可知，该句应用现在完成时，其结构为“have done”，应将非延续性动词“buy”转换成延续性动词“have”，其对应的过去分词形式为had。“about two years”表示一段时间，用介词for搭配，故选A。 二、用所给动词的过去式或过去分词填空(每题0.5分，满分15分) 1. The farmer has ________(shoot)at the wolf to protect his sheep from being attacked. 【答案】shot 【句意】为了保护羊群不被袭击，农夫已经向狼开枪了。 2. It’s early in the morning and the alarm clock has already ________(ring)several times.  【答案】rung 【句意】一大早，闹钟已经响了好几次了。 3.  She’s entered many singing competitions and have ________(sing) several times in front of people.  【答案】sung 【句意】她参加过许多歌唱比赛，还曾多次在众人面前演唱。 4. —Have you ever ________(eat)wild mushrooms(野生蘑菇)yet? —No, it’s my first time to try them. 【答案】eaten 【句意】“你以前吃过野生蘑菇吗？”“没有，这是我第一次尝试。” 5. She has never ________(beat)her best friend at table tennis. 【答案】beaten 【句意】她打乒乓球从未赢过她最好的朋友。 6. My mom has ________(hang)the wet clothes outside to dry for an hour. 【答案】hung 【句意】妈妈已经把湿衣服挂在外面晾了一个小时了。 7. Everyone has ________(bring)his dictionary to class, except me, because I left mine at home. 【答案】brought 【句意】每个人都把字典带到了课堂上，除了我，因为我把我的字典落在家里了。 8. The electric fan has ________(blow)away the terrible smell in the hall, hasn’t it? 【答案】blown 【句意】电扇把大厅里的难闻气味吹走了，不是吗? 9. She was ill for a long time. To our surprise, she has ________(catch)up with others without any help. 【答案】caught 【句意】她病了很长时间。令我们惊讶的是，她在没有任何帮助的情况下就赶上了别人。 10. I hear the teacher has ________(choose)five of us as volunteers.You are included, right? 【答案】chosen 【句意】我听说我们老师已经选了我们当中的五人做志愿者。包括你在内，对吧？ 11. The picture you’ve ________(draw)is not good enough. Please draw a new one. 【答案】drawn 【句意】你画的这幅画不够好。请画一张新的。 12. —Is that black car over there your uncle’s?   —No, it can’t be his. He has ________(drive)to Jilin to have a meeting. 【答案】driven 【句意】“那边那辆黑车是你叔叔的吗? ”“不，不可能是他的。他开车去吉林开会了。” 13. We should never forget those heroes who ________(fight)and gave their lives for our country. 【答案】fought 【句意】我们永远不应该忘记那些为国家战斗和献身的英雄。 14. This is the third time you’ve ________(forget)to bring your book. How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten? 【答案】forgotten 【句意】这是你第三次忘记带书了。十岁的你怎么会这么健忘呢？ 15. The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night, because the water has all ________(freeze)over. 【答案】frozen 【句意】昨晚气温一定降到了零度以下，因为水全结冰了。 16. The teachers advise the students not to depend on their parents all the time because they have ________(grow) up. 【答案】grown 【句意】老师建议学生不要总是依赖他们的父母，因为他们已经长大了。 17. —Where are my toys? —Sorry, I have ________(throw)them away. 【答案】thrown 【句意】“我的玩具在哪里？”“对不起，我已经把它们扔掉了。” 18. Please be quiet! My father is sleeping in the next room. He ________(sleep)only for two hours last night. 【答案】slept 【句意】请保持安静！我父亲正在隔壁房间里睡觉，他昨晚只睡了两个小时。 19. If you interview the famous scientist in the way I have ________(show)to you, you’ll probably finish it a little earlier. 【答案】shown 【句意】如果你用我向你展示的那种方式采访这位著名科学家，你可能会稍微早点完成采访。 20. The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and ________(light)up the whole room. 【答案】lit 【句意】阳光从屋顶的窗户射进来，照亮了整个房间。 21. I am still feeling thirsty though I have ________(drink)some water. 【答案】drunk 【句意】虽然我喝了一些水，但我还是觉得渴。 22. —How long have you been learning the piano? —I have ________(fall)in love with it ever since I was five years old. 【答案】fallen 【句意】“你学钢琴多久了？”“我从五岁起就爱上了它。” 23. Tom has ________(ride)his bike to school every day since he was in Grade 6. He thinks it is good for the environment. 【答案】ridden 【句意】汤姆从六年级开始每天骑自行车上学。他认为这对环境有好处。 24. The sun ________(shine)through the window and left a tiny rainbow on the wall. 【答案】shone 【句意】阳光透过窗户照进来，在墙上留下了一道小小的彩虹。 25. —He’s never ________(speak)to a foreigner, has he? —Yes. He was abroad for two months. 【答案】spoken 【句意】“他从来没有跟外国人说过话，是吗？”“不，他说过，他在国外呆了两个月。” 26. Jack found it difficult to finish the marathon, but he still ________(stick)to it until the end. 【答案】stuck 【句意】杰克发现跑完马拉松很困难，但他仍然坚持到最后。 27. In winter, the freezing wind ________(sweep)across the floor all night long. 【答案】swept 【句意】冬天，刺骨的寒风整夜吹过地面。 28. —Have you ever ________(swim)across this river? —No, never. It’s too wide and deep. 【答案】swum 【句意】“你曾经游过这条河吗？”“不，从来没有。它太宽太深了。” 29. The government has ________(take)action to reduce air pollution, but many people are still worried about the environment. 【答案】taken 【句意】政府已经采取行动减少空气污染，但许多人仍然担心环境。 30. She has ________(shake)the bottle of juice for 30 seconds to mix it well. 【答案】shaken 【句意】她已经摇晃果汁瓶 30 秒了，好让它充分混合。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 语法篇（现在完成时I） 关于“现在完成时（I）“语法内容，教材如是说： 我们用现在完成时表示从过去持续到现在的动作或状态，或已完成但对现在有一定影响的动作。现在完成时也可和频度副词一起表示某个动作从过去到现在发生的次数。如： He has lived here since he came to Nanjing.自从来到南京，他就一直住在这里。 I have lost my mobile phone.我的手机丢了。(言下之意：我现在无法使用手机。) I have been to Beijing many times.我去过北京很多次了。 现在完成时常和already、ever、just、never、recently、yet等副词以及since、for引导的时间状语连用。如： He has not returned the book to me yet.他还没有把那本书还给我。 He has never visited the Great Wall. 他从没去过长城。 Suzhou classical gardens have been famous for a long time.苏州园林已闻名许久。注意：already常用于肯定句，意为“已经”，而yet常用于否定句和疑问句，意为“还”。 ◆现在完成时的动词构成为：have/has+动词的过去分词。 大多数动词的过去分词变化形式同动词的过去式，可参照动词的过去式变化规则。 ◆不规则动词的过去分词变化 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式相同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例(原形－过去式－过去分词) 与原形相同 hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt 在原形后加t或d learn—learnt—learnt hear—heard—heard 原形中的元音字母有变化 get—got—got sit—sat—sat 原形中的辅音字母有变化 make—made—made spill—spilt—spilt 原形中的元音、辅音字母都有变化 feel—felt—felt smell—smelt—smelt 有些动词的过去分词和过去式的变化形式不同，其变化情况大致分类如下： 变化 举例(原形－过去式－过去分词) 与原形相同 come—came—come run—ran—run 原形中的元音字母有变化 ring—rang—rung sing—sang—sung 在原形上加en eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen 在原形上加n see—saw—seen give—gave—given 在过去式上加n steal—stole—stolen break—broke—broken 原形、过去式和过去分词的词形差异较大 do—did—done 友情提醒：规则动词过去分词的变化规则同过去式。 附录：三级以内不规则动词的过去式及过去分词变化表整合 (教材Ps146-147)原表(笔者加注了汉语意思) 序号 原形 汉语 过去式 过去分词 1 awake (使)醒来，唤醒 awoke awoken 2 be(am, is, are) 是，存在 was/were been 3 bear 忍受，生育 bore borne 4 beat 击败，敲打，打败，(心)跳 beat beaten 5 become 变得，成为 became become 6 begin 开始 began begun 7 bleed 流血，出血 bled bled 8 blow 吹，刮风 blew blown 9 break 打破，打碎 broke broken 10 bring 带来，拿来 brought brought 11 build 建造，修建 built built 12 burn 燃烧，烧坏，烧焦 burned/burnt burned/burnt 13 buy 买，购买 bought bought 14 catch 抓/捉住，赶上 caught caught 15 choose 选择，挑选 chose chosen 16 come 来，来到 came come 17 cost 花费，需付费，值(多少钱) cost cost 18 cut 切，割，剪 cut cut 19 deal 对付，对待，处理 dealt dealt 20 dig 挖，掘 dug dug 21 do 做，干，办 did done 22 draw 画画，拉，吸引 drew drawn 23 dream 做梦，梦想 dreamt/dreamed dreamt/ dreamed 24 drink 喝，饮用 drank drunk 25 drive 驾驶，开车，逼迫，驱使 drove driven 26 eat 吃 ate eaten 27 fall 落下，掉下，跌倒，下降 fell fallen 28 feed 喂养，饲养 fed fed 29 feel 感觉，觉得，触摸，摸起来 felt felt 30 fight 打架/仗，战斗，争论 fought fought 31 find 找到，发现，觉得 found found 32 fly 飞，飞行，放飞 flew flown 33 forget 忘记，遗忘 forgot forgotten 34 freeze 结冰，冻结，冻住 froze frozen 35 get 得到，获得，变得 got got/gotten 36 give 给，给予 gave given 37 go 去，走，离开 went gone 38 grow 生长，种植，变得 grew grown 39 hang 悬挂 hung hung 40 have 有，吃，喝，进行 had had 41 hear 听见，听到，听说 heard heard 42 hide 隐藏，躲藏，隐瞒 hid hidden 43 hit 打，撞(击)，击中 hit hit 44 hold 握(拿)住，支撑，举行，容纳 held held 45 hurt 伤害，受伤，使疼痛 hurt hurt 46 keep 保持，保留，继续 kept kept 47 know 知道，了解，认识 knew known 48 lay 放置，产卵，下蛋 laid laid 49 lead 带领，引导，领导 led led 50 learn 学习，学会，得知 learnt/learned learnt/learned 51 leave 离开，留下，遗忘 left left 52 lend 借出，借给 lent lent 53 let 让，允许 let let 54 lie 躺 lay lain 55 light 点燃，照亮 lit/lighted lit/lighted 56 lose 丢失，失去，输掉 lost lost 57 make 做，制作，使(得) made made 58 mean 意思是，意味着，打算 meant meant 59 meet 遇见，会见，满足 met met 60 mistake 弄错，误解，犯错 mistook mistaken 61 pay 支付，付款，偿还 paid paid 62 put 放，放置，放下 put put 63 read /ri:d/ 读，阅读，朗读 read /red/ read /red/ 64 ride 骑，乘坐(车、马等) rode ridden 65 ring 响(铃)，打电话，环绕 rang rung 66 rise 升起，上升，起身 rose risen 67 run 跑，奔跑，经营 ran run 68 say 说，讲 said said 69 see 看见，看到，领会 saw seen 70 sell 卖，销售，出卖 sold sold 71 send 发送，邮寄，派遣 sent sent 72 set 放置，设置，使处于 set set 73 shake 摇动，摇晃，震动 shook shaken 74 shine 发光，照耀，闪耀 shone shone 75 shoot 开(枪)，射击，投(球)，发射，射门 shot shot 76 show 显示，展示，表明，给……看 showed shown 77 shut 关闭，关上 shut shut 78 sing 唱，唱歌 sang sung 79 sit 坐，就座 sat sat 80 sleep 睡觉，入睡 slept slept 81 smell 闻，嗅，散发气味 smelt/smelled smelt/smelled 82 speak 说，讲，发言 spoke spoken 83 speed 加速，超速行驶 sped/speeded sped/speeded 84 spell 拼写，拼出 spelt/spelled spelt/spelled 85 spend 花费，度过，耗费 spent spent 86 spread 蔓延，传播，扩散，展开 spread spread 87 stand 站，站立，忍受 stood stood 88 steal 偷(窃)，窃取 stole stolen 89 stick 粘贴，粘住，坚持 stuck stuck 90 sweep 扫，打扫，清扫，清除 swept swept 91 swim 游，游泳 swam swum 92 take 拿，取，带走，花费 took taken 93 teach 教，教导，教授 taught taught 94 tell 告诉，讲述，分辨 told told 95 think 想，认为，思考 thought thought 96 throw 扔，投掷，抛，丢 threw thrown 97 understand 理解，明白，懂得 understood understood 98 wake 醒，唤醒，醒来，叫醒 woke woken 99 wear 穿，戴，磨损 wore worn 100 win 赢，赢得，获胜 won won 101 write 写，书写，写作 wrote written 再整合，便于同学们记忆 序号 原形 汉语 过去式 过去分词 AAA型(原形+过去式+过去分词：同形) (第7个单词虽然同形，但不同音) 1 cost 2 cut 3 hit 4 hurt 5 let 6 put 7 read /ri:d/ 8 set 9 shut 10 spread ABB型(过去式+过去分词：同形) 1 bleed 2 bring 3 build 4 burn 5 buy 6 catch 7 deal 8 dig 9 dream 10 feed 11 feel 12 fight 13 find 14 hang 15 have 16 hear 17 hold 18 keep 19 lay 20 lead 21 learn 22 leave 23 lend 24 light 25 lose 26 make 27 mean 28 meet 29 pay 30 say 31 sell 32 send 33 shine 34 shoot 35 sit 36 sleep 37 smell 38 speed 39 spell 40 spend 41 stand 42 stick 43 sweep 44 teach 45 tell 46 think 47 understand 48 win 特别提醒：2、5、6、12、44、46六个单词( ) ABA型(原形+过去分词：同形)&AAB型(原形+过去式：同形) 1 become 2 come 3 run 4 beat ABC型(原形+过去式+过去分词：异形) 1 awake 2 be(am,is,are) 3 bear 4 begin 5 blow 6 break 7 choose 8 do 9 draw 10 drink 11 drive 12 eat 13 fall 14 fly 15 forget 16 freeze 17 get 18 give 19 go 20 grow 21 hide 22 know 23 lie 24 mistake 25 ride 26 ring 27 rise 28 see 29 shake 30 show 31 sing 32 speak 33 steal 34 swim 35 take 36 throw 37 wake 38 wear 39 write 一、动词变形 跟汉语所不同的是，英语要通过动词本身的变化或在助动词帮助下，乃至自身不仅需要变化，还得要在助动词的帮助下，来表示时态的变化。动词有五种形态：原形动词、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去式和过去分词。从我们到目前为止所学动词时态的知识看，它们分别与下列各时态紧密相连。 ①原形动词、第三人称单数与一般现在时(7A Units 1-2)紧密相连； ②现在分词与现在进行时(7A Units 8)紧密相连； ③原形动词与一般将来时(7B Unit 2)紧密相连； ④过去式与一般过去时(7B Units 7-8)紧密相连； ⑤现在分词与过去进行时(8A Unit 8)紧密相连； ⑥过去分词与现在完成时(8B Unit 1)紧密相连。 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 一般过去时 过去进行时 现在完成时 二、基础知识 1. 基本用法 务必记牢：现在完成时，既涉及到过去，又联系到现在。 三个基本用法： ①表示过去某一时刻发生，且延续到现在的动作或状态 We have lived here since ten years ago.(意指现在还在住并很有可能继续住下去) ②表示过去发生的某一动作，现在已经完成，对现在造成的影响或结果 I have lost my key, so I can’t open the door.(钥匙是过去丢的，影响到现在：开不了门) ③表示已做过的事情重复几次 The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I have seen it three times so far. 电影《哪吒2》值得一看。到目前为止我已经看过三次了。 2. 句式结构 肯定句：主语+助动词have/ has+过去分词+其他. 否定句：主语+助动词have/ has+not+过去分词+其他. 一般疑问句：助动词Have/ Has+主语+过去分词+其他? 肯定回答语：Yes, I/we/you/they have. Yes, he/she/it has. 否定回答语：No, I/we/you/they haven’t. No, he/she/it hasn’t. 特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+助动词have/ has+主语+过去分词+其他? 3. 常用状语 副词&介词短语 用法 例句 already 意为“已经”，常用于肯定句中。用于疑问句时表示惊讶、怀疑的语气。 This storybook is so interesting that I can’t put it down. I it twice already.这本故事书如此有趣，以至于我放不下它。我已经读了两遍了。 Nowadays the population of India larger than that of China.如今印度的人口已经比中国的人口多了。 yet 意为“还(未)；已经”，常用于否定句和疑问句句尾。 — the movie Evil Unbound “731” yet? —Yes, it twice. It’s really worth watching. “你看过电影《731》了吗？”“是的，我已经看过两次了。它真的很值得看。” just 意为“刚刚”，常用于肯定句中。 —I don’t think Jim can sing the song, can he? —Yes, he can. He to sing it online. “我认为吉姆不会唱这首歌，是吗？” “不，他会。他刚在网上学会唱这首歌。” ever 意为“曾经”，常用于疑问句中。 the Great Wall? 你曾参观过长城吗? never 意为“从未/从不”，表示否定，强调没有例外。 that man before。 我以前从未听说过那个人。 recently 意为“最近/不久前/近来”，指过去不久到现在的一段时间的 时候，常和现在完成时连用。 注意：recently也可指过去不久的某一时刻的时候，常和一般过去时连用。 Thanks for helping me go over what we _________ recently.谢谢你帮我复习我们最近学的东西。 The bridge was built recently. 这座桥是最近建造的。 for 时间延续 意为“持续时长”，for后跟表示时间段短语。 —Do you miss your father, Jack? —Yes. I him for three months. “杰克，你想念你父亲吗？” “是的。我已经三个月没见到他了。” since 意为“自(从)……以来”，后跟表示过去的时间点或从句。 Mr. Li to more than 10 countries since 2010.自2010年以来，李先生已经去过10多个国家。 a new park near our community since last year. Many people go there to exercise. 从去年开始，我们社区附近有了一个新公园。许多人去那里锻炼。 I met one of my classmates by chance in the street this morning. We each other since three years ago.今天早上我在街上偶然遇到了一个同学。我们已经有三年没见面了。 Hefei a lot since the subway came into use.自从地铁投入使用以来，合肥发生了很大变化。 before 意为“以前”，须单独使用，常用于句末。 For Sarah, this picture is very amazing, because she __________ it before.对萨拉来说，这张照片非常令人惊奇，因为她以前没见过它。 over/in/during the last/past few years 意为“在过去的几年里”，常用于句末。虽然表示的是过去时间，但是动作所产生的影响或结果还在。 In China, technological progress over the last few years.在中国，科技的进步在过去的几年期间是如此的快速。 Great changes in our school during the past few years.在过去的几年里，我们学校发生了巨大的改变。 so far 意为“到目前为止，迄今为止”，可以用于句首或句末。 So far, we about 3 thousand new words. 到目前为止我们已经学习了大约三千个新单词。 Most people agree that smart technology ________ ________ a big part of society so far.大多数人都认为到目前为止，智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Past and present 语法篇（现在完成时I） (满分45分，答题时间45分钟) 一、单项选择(每题1分，满分30分) 1. —________, China has realized the goal of a moderately prosperous society(小康社会). —So it has. A. So far B. In the past C. Right now D. Just now 2. —Have you had the English test ________? —No, not yet. But we have ________ had the math test. A. already, yet B. yet, already C. already, already D. yet, yet 3. —Bob, why is your room in such a terrible mess again? —I tidied it up ten minutes ago. Little Jerry has _______ played here. A. just B. already C. never D. yet 4. I like English very much, so I ________ read English every day in the morning. A. usually B. hardly ever C. never D. ever 5.—Have you washed the clothes _______? —Yes, I have _______ washed them. A. just, just B. yet, just C. just, yet D. yet, yet 6. —Have you ________ visited Shanghai Disneyland? —Not ________. I’m looking forward to visiting it as soon as possible. A. yet, yet B. yet, already C. ever, never D. ever, yet 7. —Mark, look at this. I have ________ seen such a fine painting before. —Wow, it is perfect. A. never B. already C. ever D. yet 8. I became a student ten years ________. I have been a student ________ 2004. I have studied here ________ about 10 years. A. ago, since, for B. ago, for, since C. ago, before, for D. before, in, after 9. The new museum for Modern Chinese Scientists ________ to the public since last spring. A. are open B. was opening C. has been open D. will be open 10. —Look! Someone ________ the room up! —Well, it wasn’t me. I didn’t do it. A. tidies B. has tidied C. will tidy D. is tidying 11. Our English teacher isn’t in the office now. She ________ the library. A. goes to B. has gone to C. will go to D. was going to 12. With the development of science and technology, more and more robots ________ in our daily lives recently. A. appear B. appeared C. have appeared D. will appear 13. Sorry, I’m busy at the moment. I ________ my homework. A. am doing B. have done C. will do D. was doing 14. Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A. are coming B. have come C. came D. will come 15. —What’s that terrible noise outside? —The Blacks ______ some house repairs. The noise is a big headache for me! A. do B. are doing C. have done D. will do 16. —We have been friends since we ________ in the same neighborhood. —How time flies! A. have lived B. lived C. live D. will live 17. —So far, three Chinese women astronauts ________ into space. —That’s true. They’re the pride of our nation. A. travel B. have traveled C. will travel D. traveled 18. —Why are you so happy? —I ________ the science project, and I think I did a really good job. A. am completing B. will complete C. have completed D. was completing 19. —Hey, Lily! You look so energetic now. —Yeah! I started my weight-management journey last year. All my efforts _______ off. I feel so much better now. A. are paying B. will pay C. pay D. have paid 20. It’s been 100 years ________ the May Fourth Movement took place on May4, 1919. A. for B. in C. since D. on 21. The light is still on in Mr. Lin’s office. I’m afraid he ________ his work. A. doesn’t finish B. didn’t finish C. hasn’t finished D. won’t finish 22. My uncle has worked in the TV station ________ he graduated from university. A. because B. although C. if D. since 23. Mum has been working in this school since she ________ from university in 2000. A. graduates B. has graduated C. had graduated D. graduated 24. In China, hotpot has a history of over 1,000 years. It first ________ in the Mongolia area, and then became popular in the southern part of China. A. has appeared B. appears C. will appear D. appeared 25. She ________ to learn English songs for half a year. Now she can sing many English songs well. A. learns B. learned C. has learned D. will learn 26. How long ________ Mr. White ________ a member of Greener China since he ________ to China? A. have, joined, comes B. have, been, has come C. has, joined, has come D. has, been, came 27. Since it was fixed last year, the lightning rod ________ the building from lightning strikes at least three times. A. protects B. protected C. has protected D. had protected 28. Susan ________ many Chinese characters since she came to China. A. learns B. has learned C. is learning D. learned 29. Over the past three years, you ________ your abilities and become a better yourself. A. develop B. will develop C. have developed D. are developing 30. —Did you buy the bike for 2,000 yuan? —Yes, I’ve ________ it ________ about two years. A. had, for B. bought, before C. had, before D. bought, for 二、用所给动词的过去式或过去分词填空(每题0.5分，满分15分) 1. The farmer has ________(shoot)at the wolf to protect his sheep from being attacked. 2. It’s early in the morning and the alarm clock has already ________(ring)several times.  3.  She’s entered many singing competitions and have ________(sing) several times in front of people.  4. —Have you ever ________(eat)wild mushrooms(野生蘑菇)yet? —No, it’s my first time to try them. 5. She has never ________(beat)her best friend at table tennis. 6. My mom has ________(hang)the wet clothes outside to dry for an hour. 7. Everyone has ________(bring)his dictionary to class, except me, because I left mine at home. 8. The electric fan has ________(blow)away the terrible smell in the hall, hasn’t it? 9. She was ill for a long time. To our surprise, she has ________(catch)up with others without any help. 10. I hear the teacher has ________(choose)five of us as volunteers.You are included, right? 11. The picture you’ve ________(draw)is not good enough. Please draw a new one. 12. —Is that black car over there your uncle’s?   —No, it can’t be his. He has ________(drive)to Jilin to have a meeting. 13. We should never forget those heroes who ________(fight)and gave their lives for our country. 14. This is the third time you’ve ________(forget)to bring your book. How could you be so forgetful at the age of ten? 15. The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night, because the water has all ________(freeze)over. 16. The teachers advise the students not to depend on their parents all the time because they have ________(grow) up. 17. —Where are my toys? —Sorry, I have ________(throw)them away. 18. Please be quiet! My father is sleeping in the next room. He ________(sleep)only for two hours last night. 19. If you interview the famous scientist in the way I have ________(show)to you, you’ll probably finish it a little earlier. 20. The sunlight came in through the windows in the roof and ________(light)up the whole room. 21. I am still feeling thirsty though I have ________(drink)some water. 22. —How long have you been learning the piano? —I have ________(fall)in love with it ever since I was five years old. 23. Tom has ________(ride)his bike to school every day since he was in Grade 6. He thinks it is good for the environment. 24. The sun ________(shine)through the window and left a tiny rainbow on the wall. 25. —He’s never ________(speak)to a foreigner, has he? —Yes. He was abroad for two months. 26. Jack found it difficult to finish the marathon, but he still ________(stick)to it until the end. 27. In winter, the freezing wind ________(sweep)across the floor all night long. 28. —Have you ever ________(swim)across this river? —No, never. It’s too wide and deep. 29. The government has ________(take)action to reduce air pollution, but many people are still worried about the environment. 30. She has ________(shake)the bottle of juice for 30 seconds to mix it well. 第 1 页 共 1 页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $