Unit 1 Time to Relax 单元知识清单 2025-2026学年人教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语单元知识清单围绕“人与自我—生活与学习”主题，系统梳理Unit 1“Time to Relax”核心内容，涵盖必备词汇（分掌握与接触级）、单词变形、高频短语、重点句型、语法（动词不定式与短语动词）及写作训练，搭建从基础积累到综合应用的递进式学习支架。 清单通过黑体标注核心词汇、语法功能表分类呈现（如动词不定式作宾语/状语等）、写作模板与“即学即用”练习强化应用，培养学生语言能力与学习能力。例如“spend...doing sth”句型配实例解析，写作任务提供谋篇框架与范文，助力学生自主巩固，教师可直接用于课堂分层教学，提升复习效率。

2026人教版英语八下单元知识清单 Unit 1 Time to Relax 主题人与自我→生活与学习→丰富、充实、积极向上的生活 1、 必备单词 Section A： 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.calligraphy n. 书法 2.ski v.滑雪 3.program v.编写程序 n. 程序；(=programme)节目；项目 4.express v.表达；表示 5.instructor n.教练；指导者 6.scared adj.害怕的；对…… 感到惊慌的 7.fear n.&v.害怕；担忧 8.poem n.诗 9.single adj.单个的；单身的 10.stroke n. 笔画；击球 11.ink n. 墨水 12.return n.&.v.回来；归还 13.deal n.交易；协议v. (dealt /delt/，dealt) 对付 14.manage v.完成(困难的事)；管理 15.kung fu n.功夫 16.push v. 督促；推 17.myself pron. 我自己 18.chat v.&n.闲聊 19.outing n.出外游玩；远足 Section B： 1.reduce v.减少 2.stress n.精神压力；紧张 3.yoga n.瑜伽 4.object n.物品；宾语 5.Italian adj.意大利的；意大利人的；意大利语的n.意大利人；意大利语 6.programmer n.程序；设计员 7.allow v.使……成为可能；允许 8.sense n.感觉：感官 9.achievement n.成就 10.coin n.硬币 11.stamp n.邮票 12.teenage adj.青少年的 13.postcard n.明信片 14.rather adv.相当；更准确地说 15.old-fashioned adj.过时的；守旧的 16.foreign adj. 外国的；国外的 17.suggestion n.建议；提议 18.failure n. 失败 19.inspire v. 激励；鼓舞 20.strict adj.严厉的；严格的 21.surprisingly adv.出人意料的；惊人的 22.stage n. 舞台；阶段 23.importantly adv.重要地 (注：本书“必备单词”中，黑体词为要求掌握的词汇，其余单词为接触词汇) 二、单词变形小结 1． write写(v.)→[writing](n.)书法；写作 2． teach教(v.)→[taught](过去式)→[teaching](现在分词)→[teacher](n.)老师 3． practise练习(v.)→[practice](n.)练习 4． encourage鼓励(v.)→[encouragement](n.)鼓励 5． choose选择(v.)→[chose](过去式) 6． difficult困难的(adj.)→[difficulty](n.)困难 7． beautiful美丽的(adj.)→[beauty](n.)美 8． relax放松(v.)→[relaxing](adj.)令人放松的→[relaxed](adj.)感到放松的 9． create创造(v.)→creative(adj.)有创造力的→creativity(n.)创造力 10． achieve达到，实现(v.)→achievement(n.)成就 11． believe相信(v.)→belief(n.)信念 12． encourage鼓励(v.)→encouragement(n.)鼓励 13． collect收集(v.)→collection(n.)收藏品 14． choose选择(v.)→chose(过去式)→choice(n.)选择 15． difficult困难的(adj.)→difficulty(n.)困难 三、高频短语 1. 2. at first 起初 2. expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事 3. used to 过去常常 4. scared of 害怕；恐惧 5. encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 6. get over 克服(困难)；解决(问题) 7. up to 正在做；由某人决定 8. spend ... doing sth 花费…… 做某事 9. give up 放弃 10. in return 作为回报 11. make / let sb do sth 让某人做某事 12. get into 开始做某事；进入 13. give it a go 试一试某事 14. once in a while 偶尔地；间或 15. be worried about担心 16. go on an outing 出外游玩 17. be good for 对……有好处 18. such as / for example 例如 19. allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 20. prefer to do sth更喜欢做某事 21. put up 张贴；搭建；举起 22. dream of 梦想；希望 23. take up 开始做；占用(时间、空间等) 24. be good at 擅长 25. so far 到目前为止 26. hundreds of 成百上千的 27.take up a hobby 开始培养爱好 28.a sense of achievement 成就感 29.deal with stress 应对压力 30.once in a while 偶尔；间或 31.go on an outing 外出游玩；远足 4、 5、 重点句型 1. 谈论日常休闲活动（频率 + 动作 + 目的）：Sb. usually /often/every + 时间 + does sth. in one’s free time. / Sb. spends + 时间 + (in) doing sth. to + 目的. 例：Teng Fei usually programs in his room every evening after finishing homework.（腾飞每天晚上做完作业后，通常在房间里编程。） Shuyin spends two hours riding her horse Nini every weekend to relax and enjoy nature. （舒音每周花两小时骑她的马妮妮，为了放松和享受自然。） 2. 说明爱好的目的（动作 + 目的）：Sb. does sth. to + 动词原形（ 目的）. / The reason why sb. does sth. is to + 动词原形（ 目的）. 例：Yaming does calligraphy to relax after a busy day of study.（亚明在忙碌的学习日过后，通过练书法放松。） The reason why Luca makes mobile apps is to help people learn languages more easily. （卢卡开发手机应用的原因，是为了帮人们更轻松地学语言。） 3. 描述爱好的起点（时间 + 动作）：Sb. started doing sth. when sb. was + 年龄. / Sb. first tried sth. + 时间状语，and it became sb.’s hobby later. 例：Maya started collecting postcards when she was five—her dad sent her the first one from Dunhuang.（马娅五岁时开始收集明信片，爸爸从敦煌给她寄了第一张。） Fu Xing first tried swimming when she was ten, and it became her favorite hobby after she got over her fear of water.（傅星十岁时第一次尝试游泳，克服怕水的恐惧后，游泳成了她最喜欢的爱好。） 4. 表达克服爱好困难的过程（过去状态 + 转折 + 现在结果）：Sb. used to be + 困难状态（如 scared /bad at... ）, but sb. + 克服动作（如 practiced /got help）, and now sb. + 积极结果. 例：Emma used to be scared of ice skating and fell many times, but she practiced every weekend with her instructor, and now she can skate smoothly. （埃玛以前怕滑冰，摔了很多次，但她每周和教练一起练习，现在能滑得很流畅。） Peter used to be bad at playing the guitar—his fingers hurt and he forgot chords, but he practiced for 30 minutes every day, and now he can play simple songs.（彼得以前弹吉他很差，手指疼还记不住和弦，但他每天练 30 分钟，现在能弹简单的曲子了。） 5. 提出尝试新爱好的建议（建议 + 理由）：Why don’t you try + doing sth.（爱好）? It’s+ 积极特征（如 relaxing /fun）, and it can help you + 好处（如 reduce stress /make friends）. 例：Why don’t you try doing calligraphy? It’s relaxing, and it can help you learn about Chinese culture.（你为什么不试试练书法呢？它很让人放松，还能帮你了解中国文化。） Why don’t you try collecting postcards? It’s fun, and it can help you learn about different countries around the world.（你为什么不试试收集明信片呢？它很有趣，还能帮你了解世界各地的国家。） 6. 对比不同爱好的特点（A 与 B 的差异 + 共同好处）：Doing hobby Ais + 特征（如creative /modern）, while doing hobby B is + 另一特征（如traditional /relaxing）.Both can + 共同好处. 例：Programming is creative and modern, while calligraphy is traditional and relaxing.Both can help you develop new skills.（编程有创造力且现代，而书法传统且放松，两者都能帮你培养新技能。） Collecting postcards is a quiet hobby that lets you learn about culture, while hiking is an active hobby that keeps you fit. Both can make your free time meaningful.（收集明信片是能让你了解文化的安静爱好，而徒步是能让你保持健康的活跃爱好，两者都能让你的休闲时间有意义。） 7. 描述爱好带来的积极感受（爱好 + 感受 + 原因）：Doing sth. makes sb. feel + 感受（如 relaxed /proud）because + 原因（如 it helps sb. .../it lets sb. ... ）. 例：Playing the guitar makes Peter feel proud because he can play songs for his friends.（弹吉他让彼得感到自豪，因为他能给朋友弹曲子。） Collecting postcards makes Maya feel happy because it lets her learn about different places. （收集明信片让马娅感到开心，因为这让她了解不同的地方。） 6、 知识点归纳 1.What are you up to? 你在做什么？ 【用法详解】"What are you up to?" 是口语中常用的句子，意为“你在忙什么？/ 你在做什么？”，相当于 "What are you doing?"。 【即学即用】 — Hey! What are you up to? — Not much. I'm just_______ （read) a book. 2. I’m doing calligraphy. 我在写书法 【用法详解】calligraphy 为不可数名词，意为“书法”。 do calligraphy 表示“练习书法；写书法”。 【拓展延伸】表达个人爱好或正在进行的活动 I'm doing... 我正在做...... I do... to relax. 我做......来放松。 3. My grandmother taught me how to write it. 我的祖母教我如何写它。 【用法详解】🗹重点：teach sb. (how) to do sth. 表示“教某人（如何）做某事”。 teach 的过去式为 taught。 【即学即用】 Mr. Smith teaches us _________ (speak) English. She _________ (teach) me how to swim last summer. 4. I spent hours practising single strokes. 我花了数小时练习基本笔画 【用法详解】🗹重点：spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth. 表示“花费时间做某事”。 practise 为动词，后接动词-ing形式，即 practise doing sth.（练习做某事）。 【易混辨析】spend, pay 与 take sb. spend + 时间/金钱 on sth./(in) doing sth. （人作主语） sb. pay + 金钱 for sth. （人作主语） It takes sb. + 时间 to do sth. （It作形式主语） 【即学即用】 I spent two hours _________ (finish) my homework. She needs to practise _________ (play) the piano every day. 5. My dad’s teaching me to play the guitar. 我爸爸正在教我弹吉他。 【用法详解】play the guitar 表示“弹吉他”。演奏乐器时，乐器前需加定冠词 the。 6. He always encourages me not to give up. 他总是鼓励我不要放弃。 【用法详解】🗹重点： encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 encourage sb. not to do sth. 鼓励某人不要做某事 give up 表示“放弃”，后可接名词或动词-ing形式。若宾语为代词，需放在 give 和 up 之间。 【即学即用】 Our teacher always encourages us _________ (work) hard. Don't _________ (放弃) your dream. This problem is too difficult. I want to give _________ up. (it / them) 7. Now I do calligraphy to relax. 现在我写书法是为了放松。 【用法详解】to relax 是动词不定式，在此作目的状语，表示做某事的目的。 relax 为动词，其形容词形式为 relaxing（令人放松的）和 relaxed（感到放松的）。 【即学即用】 I listen to music _________ (relax). The story has a _________ (relax) ending. We all feel _________ (relax). 8. He thinks that apps can be a great way to help people他认为应用程序是帮助人们的好方法。 【用法详解】表达观点的句型：I think / I believe / In my opinion..这些句型用于表达个人的看法、感受或信念，其后接宾语从句。 【例句】 I think that apps can be a great way to help people. I believe I'm helping people around the world. In my opinion, postcards are a good way to learn about different places. 【即学即用】将下列句子翻译成英文 我认为每个人都应该有一个爱好。 我相信努力终会带来成功。 9. Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day阅读或聆听音乐有助于在忙碌的一天后放松心情. 【用法详解】help 后面可接宾语和带 to 或不带 to 的动词不定式，help sb. (to) do sth意为“帮助某人做某事”。 【例句】 His app helps people (to) find study partners. Reading can help us (to) calm down. 【即学即用】用括号内词的适当形式填空。 Could you help me __________ (carry) this heavy box? A good hobby can help you __________ (feel) happier. 10. Instead, this Italian teenager finds it fun to make mobile phone apps相反，这位意大利少年发现开发手机应用很有趣。. 知识点1： 【易混辨析】instead与instead of 单词 词性 用法 instead 副词 意为“代替；反而；却”，用来修饰整个句子，位于句末，也可位于句首 instead of 副词短语 意为“代替；而不是”，后面可以接名词、代词或者动词-ing Eg.He didn’t play basketball. He went swimming instead. 他去游泳了，而没有去打篮球。 = He went swimming instead of playing basketball. 【即学即用】 1.He didn’t go to the children’s home. His friend Jack went there _______. A.instead B. too C. also D. instead of 2.Let’s go skating instead of ______ (stay) at home. 3. He didn’t write to Jenny. He talked with her on the phone, instead.（合成一句） He talked with her on the phone ______ ________ writing to her. 4.我会待在家而不是出去闲逛。（完成句子） I will stay at home _____ ________ ______ out with friends. 知识点2：：It’s + adj + (for/of) sb. to do sth.“做某事对某人来说……”。 【用法详解】本句中it为形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式短语。当不定式短语较长时，通常用it作形式主语放在句首，将真正的主语放在句子后面，构成句型：It’s + adj + (for/of) sb. to do sth.“做某事对某人来说……”。 Eg. It’s very important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。 It’s very kind of you to help me. 你来帮助我真是太好了。 【即学即用】 1._______ is difficult for us to draw a beautiful picture as well as you. A. That B. This C. It D. We 2.It’s very dangerous for us ______ the mobile phone while crossing the street. A.answering B.to answer C.answer D.answered 3.It is important for children ______(learn) how to do chores at home. 11.His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian他最新推出的这款应用，能让全球用户轻松找到学习意大利语的伙伴。 【用法详解】allow 意为“允许”，常用结构为 allow sb. to do sth.（允许某人做某事）。 【例句】 His latest app allows people to find study partners around the world. 【即学即用】根据中文完成句子。 我父母不允许我晚上外出。 My parents don't __________ __________ __________ __________ out at night. 12. It gives me a sense of achievement. 这让我感到成就感。 【用法详解】“It gives me a sense of + 抽象名词” 表示“这给我一种……的感觉”。 【例句】 It gives me a sense of achievement to see people using my app. Helping others gives me a sense of satisfaction. 【即学即用】翻译句子。 完成这个项目给了我巨大的成就感。 ________________________________________________________________ 13. Some people prefer not to make things.They prefer to collect them!有些人不喜欢动手做东西，他们更喜欢收集东西！ 【用法详解】prefer 意为“更喜欢”，后可接不定式或动词-ing形式。prefer to do / prefer doing 【例句】 Some people prefer not to make things. They prefer to collect them. She prefers watching movies at home. 【即学即用】用所给词的正确形式填空。 I prefer __________ (stay) at home during the weekend. 14、To express feelings.表达情感。（教材第2页1c) 【详解】express [动词] 表达；表示 其后可接名词、从句等作宾语。常用短语：express....to sb意为“向某人表达······”；express oneself 表示“表达自己的意思、思想、感情等”。 »He freely expresses his ideas. 他直率地表达自己的想法。 »I expressed my thanks to her. 我向她表示了我的谢意。 » He can't express himself in English yet他还不能用英语表达自己的意思。 【拓展】 　express 的名词形式为 expression,意为“表情；表示；表达方式” » I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks. 我送给他们鲜花以表示感谢。 【典例】(2025广东广州八年级期中)His facial_____________(express) showed that he was in a lot of pain. 点拨：句意为“他的面部表情表明他非常痛苦。”根据"showed that he was in a lot of pain”可知，空格处应填express的名词形式expression,意为“表情”。 15、Fu Xing used to be scared of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear.付兴过去怕水，但她开始游泳来克服她的恐惧。（教材第3页2c) 【详解】scared [形容词] 害怕的；对··感到惊慌的 常见搭配：be/feel/get scared“感到害怕”；be scared of“害怕··；恐惧···”；be scared to do sth“害怕/不敢做某事” »I was scared of the big dog. 我害怕这条大狗。 »He was scared to swim in the river. 他害怕在河里游泳。 【辨析】scared与scary scared “害怕的；对···感到惊慌的”，常说明人的感受 scary “吓人的；恐怖的”，常说明事物所具有的特性 【典例】(2024陕西中考)如果你有一张地图，迷路时就不会感到害怕。 If you have a map, you won't_________when you get lost. 点拨：表示“感到害怕”用be/feel/get scared 或 be/feel/get afraid,won't后用动词原形。故填be/feel/get scared或be/feel/get/afraid. 16.It's difficult, but he always encourages me not to give up.那很难，但他总是鼓励我不要放弃。（教材第4页3a) 【详解】give up 放弃 　　可单独使用，也可跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。其中，up是副词，代词作宾语时，须置于give与up之间。 »Why don't you give up smoking?你为什么不戒烟？ »We never give it up, though English isn't easy to learn. 　虽然英语不容易学，但我们决不放弃。 【拓展】give构成的其他短语 give out 用完；耗尽 give off 发出；放出 give in 屈服；投降 give way to 让位于；让步 give back归还；使恢复 give away分发；捐赠；泄露 17.、I can teach you to play a song in return.作为回报，我可以教你弹一首歌。（教材第4页3a) 【详解】return ①[名词]回来；归还 常见搭配：in return意为“作为回报”。 » We had a party for him on his return from England. 　他从英国回来的时候,我们为他举办了一个聚会。 » I helped her with her homework, and in return, she invited me to dinner.我帮她辅导作业，作为回报，她邀请我共进晚餐。 ②[动词]回来；归还 作不及物动词，意为“回来”。相当于 come back。“return to十地点名词”表示“返回某地”。还可以作及物动词，意为“归还”。常用短语：return sth to sb“把某物还给某人”。 »He returned home late last night. 他昨晚很晚才回家。 » He returned the key to his father after using the car.用完车后，他把钥匙还给了他父亲。 【典例】 1、(孝感中考)别放弃！尽最大的努力，你一定会成功。(give) Don't________________!Try your best and you'll succeed. 点拨：表示“放弃”用give up;该句为祈使句的否定形式，Don't后跟动词原形。故 填 give up。 【注意】当地点是 home、here、there等副词时，return后不加介词 to。 2、(重庆中考A卷) Panda Ya Ya returned to China on April 27, 2023.(改为同义句) Panda Ya Ya________ _________to China on April 27,2023. 点拨：return意为“回来”，相当于 come back;本句时态为一般过去时，故填 came back.　　 18、It's a deal!成交！（教材第4页3a) 【详解】deal ①[名词]交易；协议 常见搭配：make/do a deal(with.)意为“（与..）达成协议”；It's a deal.意为“就这么办/一言为定。”　 » We make a deal that I'l help him with maths, and he'll teach me basketball.我们达成约定，我帮他学数学，他教我打篮球。 ②[动词]对付 常用短语：deal with“处理；应对”。其过去式和动词-ed形式都是dealt. »How did you deal with the bad milk? 你是怎么处理变质牛奶的？ 【辨析】deal with与do with deal with “处理”，侧重方式、方法，常与how连用 do with “处理”，侧重处理的对象，常与what连用 »I don't know how they deal with the problem. =I don't know what they do with the problem. 　我不知道他们如何处理这个问题。 19、How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult?当你成功完成一件难事时，你通常有什么感受？（教材第4页3b) 【详解】manage[动词]完成（困难的事）；管理 其后可接名词、代词或动词不定式。 »You should manage to finish the work in time. 你应该设法及时完成工作。 【辨析】manage to do sth 与 try to do sth manage to do sth “设法做成某事”，强调结果，暗含“做成了某事”之意 try to do sth “尽力做某事”，表示“尽力做；设法做”，强调动作，不表示结果 20、My parents told me not to push myself too hard.我父母告诉我不要把自己逼得太紧。（教材第5页4b) 【详解】push[动词]督促；推 常用搭配：push sb into doing/to do sth 意为“说服某人做某事”；push sb hard意为“给某人施加很大压力”。表示“推”时，其反义词为pull(拉；拽)。 » Stop pushing and just wait for your turn. 不要再推了，等着轮到你。 » My parents always push me to study harder.　我父母总是鼓励我更努力地学习。 21、to reduce stress 减轻压力（教材第6页1a) 【详解】reduce[动词]减少 常用搭配：reduce to...“减少到···”；reduce by...“减少了·.·.”；reduce from ... to...“从......减少到......”。 »The temperature reduced to 10 °C yesterday.　昨天温度降到了10摄氏度。 »The price of the book reduced by 20%.　这本书的价格降了20%。 »The number of students reduced from 50 to 30.　学生数量从50人减少到30人。 22、Any suggestions?有什么建议吗？（教材第8页2b) 【详解】suggestion[名词]建议；提议 此处作可数名词。make a suggestion意为“提出建议”。 I have a suggestion to make. 我要提个建议。 【辨析】suggestion 与advice suggestion 表示“建议”时，为可数名词，可直接用a、some、many等词修饰，其复数形式为suggestions advice 不可数名词，不能直接用数词或many、a few等来修饰，表示“一条建议”应用 a piece of advice » I made a few suggestions about how we could spend the afternoon. 我提了几条关于我们如何度过下午的建议。 »I’ll give you some advice, Mike; don't try. 迈克，我要给你些忠告，别去试。 23、I didn't want to talk to my instructor about it because he seemed very strict.我不想和我的指导老师说这件事，因为他看起来很严厉。（教材第8页2c) 【详解】strict[形容词]严厉的；严格的 常用短语：be strict with sb意为“对某人要求严格”；be strict about sth意为“对某事要求严谨”。 »He is very strict with his students.他对他的学生要求非常严格。 »He is very strict about his work.他工作很严谨。 7、 重点语法 动词不定式 一、语法概述 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式，通常由“to +动词 ”构成。其中to是动词不定式符号，在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为： 。 Eg.Mr.Li told me to listen carefully in class. 李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 Please tell Jim not to come late next time. 请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 2、 动词不定式的用法 动词不定式在句中可以用作宾语、宾语补足语、状语、主语、定语、表语等，没有人称和数的变化。 功能 示例 作宾语：v.+ to do want、decide、hope、ask、agree、learn、plan、need、expect、refuse等动词后常接to do 作宾语（to 不可以省略） Tony wants to find a job as a teacher in China. 托尼想在中国找一份做老师的工作。 I decided to help the homeless people. 我决定帮助那些无家可归的人。 作宾语补足语：v.+ sb.+ to do want、ask、allow、expect、wish等+ sb.（宾语）+ to do sth. 【注】跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有感官动词（see、feel、watch、hear）和使役动词（let、make、have）等。 如： 让某人做某事 He asked me to help him with his English. 他请求我帮他学英语。 Her words made me feel happy. 她的话让我感到开心。 作状语： 动词不定式作状语表示目的、结果或原因。考查动词不定式作目的状语较多，动词不定式表目的时，to do翻译成“为了”。 He came to Beijing to have a meeting. 他来北京开会。 He is too young to look after himself. 他太小，不能照顾自己。 作主语： 动词不定式作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语，常用于以下固定句型中： It’s + adj + for/of + sb + to do sth 做某事对某人来说…… To give is better than to take. 奉献比索取好。 It’s necessary for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语是必要的。 作定语： 此时，要放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。 He is the first man to walk on the moon. 他是第一个在月球上行走的人。 作表语： 一般表示具体的动作或说明主语的内容、性质、特征等。 His wish is to be a policeman. 他的愿望是当一名警察。 疑问词+ to do: 动词不定式可以和疑问词what、which、who、how、when、where等连用，构成不定式短语。 I don’t know what to do next. 我不知道接下来该做什么。 【即学即用】 1.I bought a big box ________ books for kids in the poor areas. A.collects B.to collect C.collect D.collected 2.The children decide ________ their schoolyard this Friday afternoon. A.clean B.to clean C.cleaning D.cleaned 3.---Was it necessary ________ John ________ some photos before the old man? ---I think so. In this way, he could protect himself later. A.of; taking B. for; taking C. of; to take D. for; to take 4.Remember ________ some fruit when you come back. A.buying B.to buy C.buy D.buys 5.Our teacher often asks us _______ time. A.not waste B.don’t waste C.not to waste D.doesn’t waste 6.He wants to know how __________ (speak ) English well. 7.Joan hopes __________ (study) law(法律) at Harvard University. 8.It is very easy for me __________ (play) ping-pong well because my father has been teaching me for three years. 9.My dream is __________ (become) a reporter in the future. 10.Tom's mother told him __________ (not spend) too much time playing computer games. 二、短语动词 一、语法概述 在英语中，许多动词和介词或副词连用，构成一个固定词组，这个词组可以看作一个整体，与实义动词用法相同，这类词组叫作短语动词。 2、 短语动词的分类 类型与说明 示例 动词+介词 look after __________ think of __________ take after __________ come from __________ ask for __________ look at __________ 动词+副词 cheer up __________ clean up __________ put up __________ fix up __________ give away __________ give out __________ give up __________ get up __________ put off __________ turn down __________ set up __________ take away __________ 动词+副词+介词 come up with __________ run out of __________ look forward to __________ 动词+名词 have a rest __________ take a walk __________ make a decision __________ 动词+名词+介词 have a look __________ make a friend with __________ take care of __________ be+形容词+介词 be late for __________ be busy with __________ be good at __________ be good for __________ be similar to __________ 【注意】在“动词+副词”构成的短语动词中，宾语是名词时，可以置于短语中间也可置于副词之后；宾语是代词时，只能放在动词和副词之间。 Eg.I have used up my exercise books. = I have used my exercise books up. 我已经用完了我的练习本。 Tom looks sad. Let’s cheer him up. 汤姆看上去很难过。让我们使他高兴起来吧。 【即学即用】 1.Can you look after the children? Do you know how to _______? A. cheer them up B.cheer up them C.give them up D.give up them 2.Because of the bad weather, we have to _______ the sports meeting till next week. A.take off B.get off C.put off D.set off 3.We have raised some books. We’ll _______ to the poor children.  A. put them up        B. give them away   C. put up them  D.give away them 七、写作训练 【写作任务】 以 “My Favorite Hobby” 为题，写一篇短文，介绍你最喜欢的爱好。要求：1. 说明爱好是什么及开始的原因；2. 描述在培养爱好过程中遇到的困难及如何克服；3. 阐述爱好给你带来的好处；4. 词数 100-120。 【谋篇布局】 开头段（引入爱好）：明确点明自己最喜欢的爱好，说明开始这个爱好的时间和原因（如受家人 / 朋友影响、偶然机会接触等）。 中间段（困难与克服）：具体描述培养爱好时遇到的困难（如技术难度、时间冲突、想放弃的时刻），以及如何克服（如他人鼓励、调整方法、坚持练习）。 结尾段（好处与总结）：说明爱好带来的好处（如放松心情、提升技能、结交朋友、获得成就感），表达对爱好的热爱及未来的计划。 【写作模板】 开头段 My favorite hobby is _________. I started it when I was _________ years old. The reason I chose this hobby is that _________ (如：my father taught me how to do it / I was fascinated by it when I saw others doing it). At first, I just did it for fun, but now it has become an important part of my life. 中间段 However, learning this hobby was not easy. I faced many difficulties. For example, _________ (如：I couldn't master the basic skills / I didn't have enough time to practice). There were times when I wanted to give up. But _________ (如：my mother encouraged me to keep trying / I adjusted my practice time). I _________ (如：practised for 30 minutes every day /asked a teacher for help), and slowly I improved. 结尾段 This hobby has brought me many benefits. It helps me _________ (如：relax after a busy school day /improve my patience). I also _________ (如：made new friends who share the same hobby /won a small competition last year). I will keep this hobby for a long time, and I hope to _________ (如：become better at it /share it with more people) in the future. 【好句积累】 描述爱好的表达： My favorite hobby is... / I am passionate about... I have been doing... as a hobby for... years. This hobby has always been close to my heart because... 描述困难的表达： At first, I found it quite challenging to... I struggled with... and often felt frustrated. There were moments when I thought about giving up because... 描述克服困难的表达： With the encouragement of..., I decided to keep going. I changed my approach and started to... I persisted in practising, and gradually I made progress. 描述好处的表达： This hobby not only helps me relax but also improves my... It gives me a strong sense of achievement when I... Thanks to this hobby, I have made many like-minded friends. 【必背范文】 My Favorite HobbyMy favorite hobby is playing the violin. I started it when I was eight years old. My music teacher played the violin for our class, and I was deeply impressed by its beautiful sound. That's why I decided to learn it. However, learning the violin was much harder than I expected. At first, I couldn't hold the bow correctly, and the sound I made was terrible. I practised for hours but still didn't improve. I felt discouraged and wanted to quit. My teacher noticed my frustration and told me, "Progress takes time. Keep practising, and you'll get better." I followed her advice, practising 40 minutes every day and watching online tutorials. Slowly, the sound became better. Now, playing the violin is my favorite way to relax. After a busy day at school, playing a piece of music makes all my stress disappear. Last year, I joined a school music competition and won third prize. This hobby has also taught me the importance of persistence. I will keep playing the violin and hope to perform on a bigger stage one day. 【实战演练】 以 “My Hobby and Relaxation” 为题，写一篇短文。 要求：1. 介绍你最喜欢的放松类爱好（如书法、弹吉他、听音乐等）； 2. 用 1-2 句话说明你如何通过这个爱好放松（参考课文 “do sth. to relax” 结构）； 3. 简单分享一次用这个爱好缓解压力的经历； 4. 词数 80-100，需用到 “spend...doing sth.”“encourage sb. to do sth.” 等课文重点句型。 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $