U1 Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures-（配套教参）【学霸笔记·同步精讲】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第二册（人教版）

本高中英语讲义聚焦限制性定语从句，系统梳理关系代词（who/whom/whose/that/which）、关系副词（when/where/why）及“介词+关系代词”结构，通过“先感悟-会发现-善归纳-运用练”的学习支架，构建从基础到复杂的知识脉络。 资料以“形式—意义—使用”三维动态语法观为指导，通过教材典句感悟、规律归纳及多样化练习（如合并句子、完形填空），提升学生语言运用能力与逻辑思维品质。课中辅助教师系统授课，课后助力学生自主巩固，有效查漏补缺。

Section Ⅲ　Discovering Useful Structures 限制性定语从句（3） 　　There was a time during which I was tired of learning English①.Fortunately，my tutor whose duty was to help the students in trouble② often communicated with me face to face.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers who came from other schools③ and take part in a series of activities which were designed for teenagers④.Now， I find it interesting to learn English and have formed the habit of reading English every day and often take an active part in English Corner where I can make many new friends⑤ who love to learn English⑥.Now comes a time when I have fallen in love with English⑦. 1.①是“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句； 2.②的先行词是表示人的名词，关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语； 3.③④⑥的先行词是表示人或物的名词，关系代词在从句中作的都是主语，不能省略； 4.⑤的先行词是表示地点的名词，where在定语从句中作状语； 5.⑦是关系副词when引导的定语从句，引导词在定语从句中作状语。 ——运用“形式—意义—使用”相结合的三维动态语法观 一、关系代词引导的限制性定语从句 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）Water from the dam would likely damage a number of temples and destroy cultural relics that were an important part of Egypt’s cultural heritage. ②What’s more， we should be kind to others and offer necessary help to those who are in trouble. ③The film which I saw a few days ago is well worth seeing. ④I live next door to a couple whose children often take part in outdoor activities. ⑤This is my former secretary （whom） I would like to introduce to you. 【会发现】 （1）句②④⑤中的加黑部分都是修饰人的限制性定语从句，其关系词分别是who、 whose和whom，它们分别在定语从句中作　主语　、　定语　和　宾语　； （2）句①③中的加黑部分都是修饰物的限制性定语从句，其关系词分别是that和which，它们在定语从句作　主语　和　宾语　。 【善归纳】 关系代词引导的限制性定语从句是指由连接代词who、 whom、 whose、 that和which作关系词的限制性定语从句。它们的具体使用规则如下表： 关系代词 指代功能 句子成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 whose 人或物 定语 that 人或物 主语、宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 【运用练】　用适当的关系代词填空 ①I’m talking to my brother from Chicago 　whom/who　 I haven’t seen in ages. ②The book is intended for the students 　whose　 native language is not English. ③Secondly， use clear and simple words 　which/that　 can make your speech easily understood. ④Here is some advice 　which/that　 I think will be of help to you. ⑤I’m looking forward to taking part in the activity 　which/that　 will be held in the school lecture hall on 19 June. ⑥First， each class was tasked with selecting a kind of plant 　that　 we should care for. 二、关系副词引导的限制性定语从句 【先感悟】 ①（教材典句）There comes a time when the old must give way to the new， and it is not possible to preserve everything from our past as we move towards the future. ②（教材典句）Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece， and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. ③They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying. ④The reason why people choose to live in the city is that the life in the city is more convenient and colorful. ⑤You have made a full preparation before this event， which is the most important reason why you show up here. 【会发现】 以上各句的加黑部分分别为修饰　时间　、　地点　、　原因　的限制性定语从句，其关系词分别为when、 where和why，它们在从句中均充当　状语　。 【善归纳】 关系副词引导的限制性定语从句是指由when、where和why作关系词的限制性定语从句。它们的具体用法如下表： 类别 引导词 功能（在从句中所作成分） 关系 副词 when 时间状语（代替表时间的先行词） where 地点状语（代替表地点的先行词） why 原因状语（先行词是reason） 名师点津 根据先行词在从句中作的成分选择关系词：把先行词放进定语从句中，若作主语、宾语或表语，用关系代词；若作状语，则用关系副词。 ①This is the museum that/which was established by his father. 这是他父亲一手建立起来的博物馆。 ②This is the museum where his father worked twenty years ago. 这就是他父亲20年前工作过的那个博物馆。 ③I will remember the day that/which we spent together for ever. 我会永远记得我们一起度过的那一天。 ④I will remember the day when I got promoted for ever. 我会永远记得我升职的那一天。 【运用练】　用适当的关系词填空 ①The reason 　why　 I studied overseas was that I was crazy about foreign unique traditions. ②We have entered into an age 　when　 dreams have the best chance of coming true. ③The English Corner is an activity 　where　 we can practice our spoken English. ④My son has come to a stage 　where　 he can speak out sentences instead of single words. ⑤We will be shown around some places 　which/that　 visitors seldom visit. ⑥I will never forget those years 　which/that　 I spent in the countryside with the farmers. 三、“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 【先感悟】 ①She wondered whether he had someone to whom he could talk freely. ②This is the camera with which he often takes photos. ③I am good at spoken English， as a result of which I can communicate with foreigners fluently. ④Julie was good at German， French and Russian， all of which she spoke fluently. ⑤We’ve planned to hold an English drama festival， the theme of which/of which the theme is Love English. 【会发现】 （1）句①中的介词to来源于短语　talk to sb　； （2）句②中的介词with是根据　句意　来判断的，“　take photos with a camera　”意为“用相机拍照”； （3）句③中的as a result of为　介词短语　，不可拆分； （4）句④中的of表示　部分与整体　的关系，all of which＝all of the three languages； （5）句⑤的加黑处为“　the＋名词＋of＋which/whom　”或“　of＋which/whom＋the＋名词　”结构。 【善归纳】 “介词＋关系代词”中介词的判定依据： （1）根据定语从句中动词或形容词的搭配习惯； （2）根据与先行词搭配的具体意义； （3）根据句子所表达的意思来确定； （4）表示所属关系或整体中的一部分时，通常用介词of； （5）“the＋名词＋of＋which/whom”或“of＋which/whom＋the＋名词”引导的定语从句可与“whose＋名词”替换。 【运用练】　用“介词＋关系代词”填空 ①I can’t believe the restaurant 　at which　 I have eaten such wonderful meals is going to close down. ②You should make some Chinese friends 　with whom　 you can communicate frequently. ③The woman writer wrote many children’s books， nearly half 　of which　 were published in the 1990s. ④I’d like you to explain the reason 　for which　 you were late for the meeting. ⑤In the dark street， there wasn’t a single person 　to whom　 she could turn for help. 四、使用定语从句时需注意的问题 【先感悟】 ①Please tell me everything （that） you know about the director of the movie. ②The first English novel that I read was The Old Man and the Sea. ③This is the most beautiful voice that I have heard so far. ④This is the very book （that） I want to read. ⑤The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 【会发现】 上面句子中只可以用 　that　引导定语从句，不可用　which　引导。 【善归纳】 用that不用which引导的限制性定语从句： （1）先行词是all、 everything、 nothing、 something、 anything、 much、 little、 few等不定代词时； （2）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰，或本身就是最高级、序数词时； （3）先行词被the only、 the very、 the last、 just、 all、 every、 no、 little、 few、 any等修饰时； （4）先行词既指人又指物时； （5）当主句是以which或who开头的疑问句时。 【运用练】　单句语法填空/完成句子 ①Last year the scientist did all 　that　 she could to help the poor children in the mountain village. ②This is the most interesting way 　that　 I can come up with to interact with the students. ③The first place 　that　 she visited in the city was the History Museum. ④We should spend the money on something 　that will be helpful to everyone　. 我们应该把钱花在对每个人都有帮助的事情上。 ⑤They were talking about the people and things 　that they could remember　 in their former school. 他们在谈论他们所记得的在以前学校里的人和事。 Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.I’m writing to express my thanks to my social studies teacher 　who　 is a lighthouse in my life on the road to writing. 2.No one wants to keep company with someone 　who　 always looks upset. 3.I am looking forward to the day 　when　 my little son can read this book and know my feelings. 4.We finally reached the top of the mountain， 　where　 a beautiful rainbow appeared. 5.The Spring Festival is a time 　when　 families get together. 6.I live next door to an old woman 　whose　 children joined the army last year. 7.His speech was full of fine words 　that/which　 meant nothing. Ⅱ.用定语从句合并下列句子 1.My students delivered an English speech at the New Year’s party.The English speech was a great success. →The English speech 　that/which my students delivered at the New Year’s party　 was a great success. 2.The project team helped protect the national parks in the area.It was formed by members from fifteen countries. →The project team 　that/which was formed by members from fifteen countries　 helped protect the national parks in the area. 3.We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid.He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. →The professional archaeologist 　who/whom we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid　 explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. 4.Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple.They wanted to preserve it for the next generation. →Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple 　that/which they wanted to preserve for the next generation　. 5.On the way home， he helped a young man.The young man’s car had broken down. →On the way home， he helped a young man 　whose car had broken down　. Ⅰ.基础题型练 1.The ancient temple 　which/that　 was built on a high mountain dates back to 600 years ago. 2.The committee 　which/that　 was established by the local cultural department is trying to prevent the ancient temple from being destroyed. 3.The teacher told me that Tom was the only person 　that　 I could depend on. 4.Since then great changes have taken place in the factory 　where　 we are working. 5.It’s known to all that China is a country 　which/that　 has rich cultural heritage. 6.There are two parks near my home 　where　 neighbourhood children play together. 7.According to the author，those 　who　 enjoy reading will never feel lonely. 8.Lucy didn’t tell him the reason 　why　 she left her hometown for New York. 9.Kate 　whose　 sister I shared a room with when we were at college has gone to work in Australia. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.There are many reasons 　why/for which people love traveling　. 人们喜欢旅游有很多原因。 2.This project 　that/which was designed to help the students in need　 just didn’t work out as planned. 这个旨在帮助有需要的学生的项目没有按计划进行。 3.I still remember the village 　that/which lies at the foot of Daqing Mountain　. 我仍然记得那个位于大青山脚下的村庄。 4.I miss the farm 　where/on which I spent my childhood in the country　. 我怀念我在乡村度过童年时光的那个农场。 5.I am grateful to you for everything 　（that） you have done for me to improve my English　. 我很感激你为了提高我的英语所做的一切。 6.We will hold an English speech competition 　whose aim is to enrich our extra-curricular activities　. 我们将举办一场旨在丰富我们的课外活动的英语演讲比赛。 Ⅰ.完形填空 　　（2025·安徽高一检测）As a freshman in high school， I faced numerous problems while learning English.It was a major 　1　 for me， and my progress was slow.　2　， I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning.My 　3　 towards English was not positive， and it seemed like a very difficult task. 　　One day， my English teacher noticed my problems and 　4　 my situation as a common type of challenge that many students face.She sat with me and provided 　5　 suggestions on how to learn English.She 　6　 the importance of having the right attitude and determination， which she said were key 　7　 in overcoming the difficulties.She recommended 　8　 methods to me， like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies.It made the learning process more 　9　. 　　With her 　10　 instruction， my English skills began to improve quickly.I learned that my 　11　 was an important aspect that could either affect or help my progress.This experience taught me that with the right 　12　， any difficulty can be overcome.It proves the saying，“Where there’s a will， there’s a way.” 　　Now， when I look back， I see that my first difficulties were just a part of the learning 　13　.I’ve come to understand that every 　14　 is an opportunity to grow， and with hard work， there’s nothing that can’t be 　15　. 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者高中英语学习的困难和进步过程。 1.A.opportunity　　　　 B.adventure C.challenge　 D.decision 解析：C　根据上文As a freshman in high school， I faced numerous problems while learning English.可知，作者学习英语时面临很多问题，所以这是一个巨大的挑战。 2.A.Politely　 B.Actually C.Surprisingly　 D.Easily 解析：B　根据下文I often felt defeated by the ups and downs of language learning可知，这是对现实的客观描述，这里需要一个表示事实或实际情况的副词。 3.A.choice　 B.design C.skill　 D.attitude 解析：D　根据having the right attitude可知，这里指作者对英语的态度。 4.A.referred to　 B.gave up C.looked after　 D.put up 解析：A　根据下文可知，英语老师注意到作者的问题，把作者的情况视为许多学生面临的常见挑战类型。refer to ...as表示“把……视为”。 5.A.wealthy　 B.useless C.specific　 D.original 解析：C　根据suggestions on how to learn English可知，英语老师给出具体的学习英语的建议。 6.A.impressed　 B.stressed C.revised　 D.organized 解析：B　根据下文the importance of having the right attitude and determination可知，这里表示老师强调了正确态度和决心的重要性。 7.A.strengths　 B.documents C.proposals　 D.factors 解析：D　根据下文可知，这里表示正确态度和决心是解决困难的关键因素。 8.A.traditional　 B.awkward C.economic　 D.complex 解析：A　根据like keeping a vocabulary journal and connecting new words with characters in my favorite movies可知，老师推荐了一些传统的学习方法。 9.A.confusing　 B.stressful C.fun　 D.calm 解析：C　根据语境可知，此处指上文提到的方法使学习过程变得更加有趣。 10.A.perfect　 B.fluent C.familiar　 D.convenient 解析：A　根据my English skills began to improve quickly可知，英语水平开始提高，说明指导很正确。 11.A.program　 B.destination C.project　 D.attitude 解析：D　呼应上文having the right attitude可知，这里表示作者意识到态度是一个重要的方面，因为可以帮助作者取得进步。 12.A.clues　 B.means C.contributions　 D.resources 解析：B　根据上文可知，老师给作者提供学习方法，这里表示只要有正确的方法，困难就可以解决。 13.A.journey　 B.description C.tie　 D.symbol 解析：A　根据语境可知，这里表示困难只是学习旅程的一部分。 14.A.wisdom　 B.goal C.struggle　 D.situation 解析：C　根据上文提到的困难是学习旅程的一部分可知，这里表示挣扎是成长的机会。 15.A.competed　 B.buried C.hosted　 D.achieved 解析：D　这里表示只要努力，就没有什么不能实现的。 Ⅱ.语法填空 　　（2025·孝感高一期末）In 1972， UNESCO started a program to protect the world’s cultural and 16.　　　　　　 （nature） heritage.Since then， more than 800 cultural sites that are thought to be 17.　　　　　　 （special） important to human history and culture 18.　　　　　　 （add） to the World Cultural Heritage Site List， including the Taj Mahal （泰姬陵） in India， one of the best known 19.　　　　　　 （example）. 　　The Taj Mahal 20.　　　　　　 was built between 1631 and 1648 is a masterpiece of architecture.It took more than 20，000 workers and 1，000 elephants 21.　　　　　　 （complete）， and the stones came from as far away as China. 　　Building the Taj Mahal is 22.　　　　　　 labor of love.In the early 17th century， an emperor Shah Jahan loved his wife 23.　　　　　　 （name） Mumtaz so much that when she died， he built the Taj Mahal in memory of her.The colour of the buildings appears to change 24.　　　　　　 the light of the day. 　　Masterpieces such as the Taj Mahal remind us of 25.　　　　　　 we can achieve at our finest， inspiring us to live up to our great past in the future. 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了著名的世界文化遗产——泰姬陵背后的故事以及文物保护的意义。 16.natural　修饰名词heritage用形容词，作定语。故填natural。 17.specially　修饰形容词important用副词。故填specially。 18.have been added　动词和主语之间是被动关系，根据时间状语Since then可知，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been added。 19.examples　“one of ＋名词复数”为固定搭配。故填examples。 20.which/that　空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为The Taj Mahal，指物，在从句中作主语，故填which/that。 21.to complete　it takes ...to do sth表示“花费……干某事”，是固定句型，动词不定式作真正主语。故填to complete。 22.a　可数名词labor是泛指概念，用不定冠词限定，且labour的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。 23.named　此处为非谓语，动词name和上文名词his wife之间是被动关系，用其过去分词作后置定语。故填named。 24.with　change with 表示“随着……而改变”。故填with。 25.what　此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指物，故填what。 1 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $