第10讲 八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材人教版

第10讲 八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法1（when与while引导的时间状语从句） 知识点1. when和while都可引导时间状语从句，通常情况下可互换。但when与while也是有区别的。 （1）when引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的特定时间，既可指时间点，也可指时间段；while引导的时间状语从句只指时间段。 When my mother came home, I was doing my homework. 我妈妈回家时，我正在做作业。 While my mother was asleep, I cooked dinner for my family. 当我妈妈睡觉时，我为家人做了晚饭。 （2）when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词。 When he was a child, he always tried out new ideas. 他小时候常常试验一些新想法。 They arrived while we were having dinner. 他们到时，我们正在吃晚饭。 （3）when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作既可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；含有while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句强调主从句动作同时发生，或主句的动作在从句的动作发生过程中发生。 It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 他到车站时，正下着雪。 Tony’s father was sweeping the floor while Tony’s mother was doing the dishes. 当托尼的妈妈正在刷碗时，托尼的爸爸在扫地。 知识点2. 复习until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 （1）肯定式：“延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。 I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） （2）否定式：“瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 随堂训练 1．（25-26八年级上·甘肃·期末）________ my little brother was six, he started to learn to play the erhu. Now he is very good at it. A．If B．Although C．When D．Until 2．（25-26九年级上·江西景德镇·期中）I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A．when B．once C．while D．since 3．（24-25八年级下·江西景德镇·期末）Tom was walking along the street ________ he saw Peter. So they stopped and ________ a chat. A．when, had B．while, to have C．after, has D．before, have 4．（24-25七年级下·广东广州·期末）I started taking drawing lessons at the Children’s Palace ________ I was a little boy. A．until B．when C．before D．after 5．（24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期末）________ Jim opened the door, the phone rang. A．When B．Since C．While D．Until 6．（25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末）You can’t listen to music ________ you are doing your homework. It will distract (使……分心) you. A．until B．while C．after D．before 7．（24-25八年级上·北京门头沟·期末）It’s five in the afternoon. They are having a tea party ________ we are playing chess. A．before B．after C．when D．while 8．（24-25八年级上·云南昭通·期末）—What happened to the boy? —He hit an old man ________ he was cycling to cross the road. A．if B．while C．whether D．but 9．（24-25八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）My dad was cooking in the kitchen ________ I was doing my homework in my study. A．after B．while C．until D．before 10．（24-25七年级下·安徽合肥·期末）Maria watered the flowers ________ she was singing a song. This made gardening time joyful. A．before B．after C．while D．until 11．（25-26八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）I won’t go to the movie ________ I finish my homework. A．when B．because C．after D．until 12．（25-26八年级上·吉林四平·期末）You may have an accident ________ you don’t follow the traffic rules on the road. A．until B．if C．because 13．（25-26八年级上·甘肃临夏·期末）He doesn’t know the details of the class activity ________ you tell him through the class group chat. A．because B．after C．if D．until 14．（25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末）The little boy kept crying at the school gate _________ his mother came to pick him up. A．until B．because C．or D．whether 15．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）You’re not going out ________ you’ve finished this. A．until B．but C．that D．as 语法2（过去进行时） 知识点1. 概念 过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。它常与表示过去某一特定时间的状语，如at six yesterday morning、at that time、then等连用，也可与when或 while引导的时间状语从句连用。 I was watering flowers in the garden at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我正在花园里浇花。 When I came in, she was watching TV. 当我进来的时候，她正在看电视。 知识点2. 句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式（+其他）. I was drawing when you called me yesterday. 你昨天给我打电话时，我正在画画。 否定句 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+动词-ing形式（+其他）. Alan was not sleeping at ten last night. 昨天晚上十点艾伦没在睡觉。 一般疑问句及简略回答 Was/Were+主语+动词-ing〖JP2〗形式（+其他）? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答：No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t. —Was Jim reading a book at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候吉姆在看书吗？ —Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t. 是的，他在看书。/不，他没在看书。 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing形式（+其他）？ What were you doing when I called you yesterday? 我昨天给你打电话时，你在干什么？ 知识点3.过去进行时的标志词：at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 知识点4. 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home yesterday. 昨天我妈妈回家的时候我正在做作业。 (2) 叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend of mine. 当我在公园散步时我看到了我的一个老朋友。 (3) 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 昨天他们一直想见到你，但你没有出现。 知识点5. 过去进行的特殊用法 （1）表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 （2）表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 知识点6. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 随堂训练 1．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期末）—I called you this morning, but you didn’t answer the phone. —Sorry, I ________ the flowers in the garden then. A．water B．watered C．am watering D．was watering 2．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古通辽·期末）—I met Jack when I passed by the garden. —Yes, he _______ some flowers with the help of his mother. A．planted B．is planting C．was planting D．will plant 3．（25-26九年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）The girl ________ when the policeman came. A．cries B．was crying C．cried D．is crying 4．（25-26九年级上·吉林四平·期末）—What were you doing at half past four yesterday afternoon, Jim? —I ________ lessons in my bedroom. A．am reviewing B．have reviewed C．was reviewing D．will review 5．（25-26七年级上·海南·期末）—What ________ you ________ at 8:00 last night? —I was reading a book. A．do; do B．did; do C．are; doing D．were; doing 6．（24-25九年级上·江西吉安·期末）—Hi, Daniel. You didn’t attend the chess class last night. —Oh, I ________ my computer. A．repair B．have repaired C．am repairing D．was repairing 7．（24-25九年级上·江西九江·期末）The students ________ so happily that they didn’t notice the teacher coming in. A．were talking B．are talking C．will talk D．talk 8．（24-25九年级上·江西赣州·期末）— Where were you at half past four yesterday afternoon, Tom? —I ________ lessons in my bedroom. A．reviewed B．am reviewing C．was reviewing D．have reviewed 9．（24-25九年级上·四川广元·期末）—I called you last night but you didn’t answer the phone. —I ________ movies with my friends in the cinema. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D．was watching 10．（24-25九年级上·江西南昌·期末）—I called you at half past eight last night but nobody answered. —Oh, sorry. I ________ a movie with my cousin at the theatre then. A．watched B．am watching C．was watching D．will watch 单元写作 本单元的主题是“自然灾害”,要求学生以第一人称叙事,结合过去进行时,生动展现一天中因天气或灾害引发的系列事件。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①以时间为线索,描述从清晨到晚上的具体经历;②运用“while+过去进行时”“when+一般过去时/过去进行时”等结构,衔接事件发展;③融入环境描写和个人感受。 在中考书面表达中,与此主题相关的命题形式常为“关于自然灾害的经历”或“介绍某一种灾害,并提出应对措施”。通常需要涵盖的内容包括:明确事件发生的时间、地点和经过,用过去进行时串联不同时段的行为,加入环境描写与个人心理活动,通过事件结尾的感悟升华主题;描述灾害的类型,列举预防和保护措施,呼吁大家保护自身安全。 1.写作实例 2025年5月12日是第17个全国防灾减灾日,结合你所经历的一次自然灾害,用英语写一篇短文,谈谈令你印象深刻的事以及你的感受。 要求:1.词数不少于80;2.语言流畅,书写规范,卷面整洁;3.短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。 2.审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文　2.时态:以一般过去时为主　3.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.必备词句:①hit one’s hometown侵袭某人的家乡　 ②turn everything upside down 把一切弄得乱七八糟　 ③in the distance在远处　 ④pour down (雨)倾盆而下　 ⑤struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 ⑥in an instant立即,马上 ⑦This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared.这一天让我见识到大自然的力量以及做好准备的重要性。 ⑧It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart.这真的是值得铭记的一天,在我心中留下了深刻的印记。 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 In my memory, countless days have passed by, but there’s one day I’ll never forget—the day a huge rainstorm unexpectedly hit my hometown, turning everything upside down. It started early in the morning. When I was cheerfully getting ready for school, dark clouds suddenly covered the sky like a giant black blanket. Thunder rumbled in the distance. Soon, heavy rain poured down. The raindrops were as big as coins. While I was struggling to walk to school with an umbrella, strong winds, as if they were angry beasts, blew it away in an instant. I got completely wet. Classes were canceled because of the rising flood. I felt so scared that I held my mom's hand tightly, hoping the rainstorm would stop soon. This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared. It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart. 假如你是李明，你的城市曾经经历了一场大型自然灾害（如地震、洪水或台风等）。今年是该自然灾害发生三周年，学校想做一个专题活动，提醒人们积极应对自然灾害。请根据以下提示写一篇英语发言稿，讲述那场灾害发生的情况、人们的反应以及你从中学到的经验。 提示： 1.灾害的类型、发生时间及地点； 2.你和家人/朋友的感受及反应； 3.克服困难及灾后情况的描述； 4.从中学到的经验或你的感悟。 注意： 1.短文须包含上述提示信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数不少于80(首句已为你写好，不计入总词数)。 Hello, I’m Li Ming. 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级下·甘肃金昌·期末）Danny could read and write when he was five years old. A．five years later B．at the age of five C．five years ago D．for five years 2．（23-24八年级下·上海闵行·月考）Smiling is the best policy. People will smile back ________ you smile at them. A．unless B．though C．when D．until 3．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）________ Amy met Peter, she with her mum ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．When; were waiting B．When; was waiting C．While; were waiting D．While; was waiting 4．（24-25八年级下·山东青岛·期末）My father was watering the flowers ________ my mother was cleaning the window. A．unless B．while C．if D．until 5．（24-25八年级下·天津河北·期末）Peter suddenly saw an old friend ________ he was walking down the street. A．because B．if C．while D．or 6．（24-25八年级下·北京大兴·期末）My father was reading a newspaper ________ my mother was cooking dinner at 7 last night. A．while B．until C．after D．before 7．（24-25八年级上·安徽阜阳·期末）—Time to go home, Peter? —Wait a minute. I can’t go home_________ I finish cleaning the hallway. A．until B．but C．so D．because 8．（24-25八年级上·江西宜春·期末）—Tom, did you stay up late watching the basketball game? —Yeah. I didn’t go to sleep ____________ my father came back home at midnight. A．since B．until C．unless D．after 9．（24-25八年级上·江西吉安·期末）—The bus is going to stop. So we’d better not get off the bus now. Let’s wait ________ the bus stops. —OK, Mr. White. A．if B．although C．but D．until 10．（25-26八年级上·安徽阜阳·期末）—Hey, Peter. Would you like to go out for dinner with us now? —Sorry, I have to stay with my baby sister ________ my parents come back. A．until B．after C．while D．because 11．（23-24八年级下·云南丽江·期末）The mother didn’t go to sleep ________ her son came back home last night. A．if B．until C．while D．because 二．写作 （1） 2025年5月30日,李华的家乡河北唐山发生了一场地震,幸运的是,李华一家安然无恙。假如你是李华,请描述一下地震发生时家人的活动及地震后社区的情况。 提示:1.What were your family doing? 2.What was the community like after the earthquake? 要求:1.结构完整,表达通顺,语言规范,书写清晰;2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息;3.词数不少于80(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My name is Li Hua. There was an earthquake at about 5:00 p.m. on May 30th. （2） 40．（25-26八年级上·全国·课后作业）地震是一种自然灾害，学会在不同的地方用不同的方法自救非常重要。请结合下面的表格，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍自救常识。 家 教室 户外 车内 ★躲在床或桌子下 ★用手臂遮住头和脖子 ★躲在课桌下 ★…… ★逃到空地上 ★…… ★停在路边 ★不要停河边 你的建议 …… An earthquake is a kind of natural disaster. It may lead to serious results and make a lot of people lose their homes or even lives. So it is important for us to know how to keep safe in an earthquake. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （3） （2022·辽宁沈阳·一模）最近花园市遭受了台风袭击，这牵动了很多同学的心。你所在学校的校报以 “我能为灾区做什么?” 为主题开展征文活动。请你写一篇文章投稿，就这一问题开展讨论。内容包括： 1.得知灾情之后的感受； 2.你想到的具体援助措施（写信慰问受灾地区的同学，举办活动筹集物资，报名充当志愿者等）； 3.对于城市重建之后的憧憬； 注意：1.词数80-100，开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数； 2.短文需包括所给信息，可以适当增加细节，使行文流畅； 3.在文中不要出现考生和相关人物的真实姓名和校名。 Last week a typhoon hit Garden City, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ （4） （22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）全球变暖(Global Warming)是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。请你根据以下提示内容，写一篇英语短文，向老师说说自己的理解和看法。 全球变暖 主要原因 人类活动增多； 结果 导致更多的自然灾害(洪水，暴雨，森林火灾等)；海平面(sea level)上升；动物数量减少；…… 怎么做 采取行动拯救地球： 1.使用清洁能源(clean energy)； 2.乘坐公交或地铁、步行； 3.植树造林……. 注意：1.根据提示内容，可适当发挥，要求语句通顺、意思连贯； 2.词数80个字左右，标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Global warming is now becoming a serious problem all over the world. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If everyone tries his best, I believe the environment will become much better. 知识导图记忆 过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 when: at or during the time时间段或者时间点 when+did or be doing did.... when ...be doing did...when...did be doing when ...did while: during the time 时间段 while + be doing did...while...be doing be doing while... be doing when, while引导时间状语从句 1) when的用法 when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。 I was thin when I was a child. 当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。 It was raining when I arrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。 When I saw you at my age of five, I liked you.五岁时见到你,就喜欢上了你。 2）while用法 while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于during the time that.... My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 I am safe while I am here.我在这儿的时候，我很安全。 注意 while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。 While he has his own car, he often uses mine.尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。 一．单词拼写 1．（25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·期末）I (shop) at the supermarket when it rained yesterday. 2．（25-26八年级上·辽宁营口·期末）What you (do) while the teacher was away? 3．（24-25九年级上·甘肃白银·期末）She (check) her emails when the phone rang suddenly, so she stopped to answer it. 4．（24-25八年级上·福建三明·期末）Li Ming (listen) to the news at half past seven this morning. 5．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）While my mother TV at that time yesterday, I was making a kite. (watch) 6．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）Jim (chat) on the Internet while Mom was cooking. 7．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）I (mop) up the water at this time yesterday. 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）While I (read) a book, my sister was watching TV. 10．（24-25八年级下·重庆江北·期末）I (study) for a test when it began to rain heavily. 二．语法填空 （24-25八年级下·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you like riding bikes? Recently, riding a bike 1 (become) very popular. This has developed the bike business a lot. According to the report, the sales of bikes were €4 billion in Germany 2 2019. However, by 2023, sales grew by €3.06 billion, setting a new record. As one of the 3 (easy) ways of transportation, riding a bike is certainly good exercise. Also, with rising fuel (燃料) prices and people’s wish to connect with nature, more people want to ride bikes instead of driving cars or 4 (use) public transportation. It is no wonder that new innovations (创新) in bikes always appear. The following are two bike trends (趋势). Bicycle sharing has been introduced in many 5 (city) around the world. It’s reported that 6 (thousand) of bikes get lost every year. So better locks are needed. The latest lock can 7 (simple) be opened through an app. The mobile phone is the key. 8 a stranger moves the bike, the lock will make a loud sound. As more and more people use bikes, they often put a bike bag on the bike to carry things. But what will they do with the bike bag when finishing their ride? Not long ago, 9 18-year-old high school student named Karl showed his special bike bag. When the bike ride is over, it’s very easy to turn the bike bag into a backpack and continue running with it on the back. Riding a bike seems 10 (be) a trend at home and abroad. And there will be more innovations to make the ride enjoyable. 三、写作 （23-24八年级下·全国·假期作业）近年来，自然灾害频发，引起了全球对环境保护以及动物保护的思考。请你根据下面的提示，以“Protect the Natural World”为题写一篇英语演讲稿，呼吁全体师生积极行动。 提示：1. Why is it important to protect the natural world? 2. What problems does nature face? 3. What should we do to protect the natural world? 要求：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2.须包括所有要点，可适当发挥；3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等信息。 Protect the Natural World Good morning, everyone! Today I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for your listening! 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第10讲 八年级下册Unit 5 Nature's Temper语法、写作篇（寒假预习讲义） 内容导航——预习三步曲 第一步：学 析教材 学知识：教材精讲精析、全方位预习 练习题 讲典例：教材习题学解题、快速掌握解题方法 练考点 强知识：核心考点精准练 第二步：记 串知识 识框架：思维导图助力掌握知识框架、学习目标复核内容掌握 第三步：测 过关测 稳提升：小试牛刀检测预习效果、查漏补缺快速提升 语法1（when与while引导的时间状语从句） 知识点1. when和while都可引导时间状语从句，通常情况下可互换。但when与while也是有区别的。 （1）when引导的时间状语从句表示主句动作发生的特定时间，既可指时间点，也可指时间段；while引导的时间状语从句只指时间段。 When my mother came home, I was doing my homework. 我妈妈回家时，我正在做作业。 While my mother was asleep, I cooked dinner for my family. 当我妈妈睡觉时，我为家人做了晚饭。 （2）when引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词；while引导的时间状语从句的谓语动词通常为延续性动词。 When he was a child, he always tried out new ideas. 他小时候常常试验一些新想法。 They arrived while we were having dinner. 他们到时，我们正在吃晚饭。 （3）when引导的时间状语从句的动作和主句的动作既可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；含有while引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句强调主从句动作同时发生，或主句的动作在从句的动作发生过程中发生。 It was snowing when he arrived at the station. 他到车站时，正下着雪。 Tony’s father was sweeping the floor while Tony’s mother was doing the dishes. 当托尼的妈妈正在刷碗时，托尼的爸爸在扫地。 知识点2. 复习until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是“做某事直至某时”，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是“直至某时才做某事”。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。 （1）肯定式：“延续性动词(肯定式)＋until/till”表示“动作延续到……为止”。 We walked along the river until/till it was dark. 我们沿着河散步，一直到天黑。 I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） （2）否定式：“瞬间动词/延续性动词(否定式)＋until/till”表示“直到……才发生”。 He didn't know anything about it until/till I told him. 直到我告诉他，他才知道这件事。 She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 随堂训练 1．（25-26八年级上·甘肃·期末）________ my little brother was six, he started to learn to play the erhu. Now he is very good at it. A．If B．Although C．When D．Until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我的弟弟六岁时，他开始学习拉二胡。现在他非常擅长它。 考查连词辨析。If如果；Although虽然；When当……时；Until直到。根据从句“my little brother was six”及主句“he started to learn to play the erhu.”可知，该句讲述了“我”的弟弟在六岁时开始学习二胡，描述“在六岁时”这个具体时间点发生的动作，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 2．（25-26九年级上·江西景德镇·期中）I was doing my homework ________ my friend called me. A．when B．once C．while D．since 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当我的朋友给我打电话时，我正在做作业。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；once一旦；while当……时；since自从。句中“called”为非延续性动词，且主句“was doing”是过去进行时，从句是一般过去时，符合“when”的用法，表示主句动作与从句动作同时发生，故选A。 3．（24-25八年级下·江西景德镇·期末）Tom was walking along the street ________ he saw Peter. So they stopped and ________ a chat. A．when, had B．while, to have C．after, has D．before, have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当汤姆看到彼得时，他正沿着街道走。于是他们停下来聊了聊。 考查连词辨析和时态。when当……时；while当……时，与延续性动词连用；after在……之后；before在……之前。根据“Tom was walking along the street...he saw Peter”可知是当他看到彼得时，saw是短暂性动词，因此用when引导时间状语从句；第二个句子中的and连接两个动词，形式一致，故此处用动词过去式had。故选A。 4．（24-25七年级下·广东广州·期末）I started taking drawing lessons at the Children’s Palace ________ I was a little boy. A．until B．when C．before D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我还是个小男孩的时候，我开始在少年宫上绘画课。 考查连词辨析。until直到；when当……时；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“I started drawing lessons at the Children’s Palace...I was a little boy.”可知，此处表达的是“当我还是个小男孩时”，强调两个动作同时发生的时间点，应用when引导时间状语从句，故选B。 5．（24-25八年级下·吉林长春·期末）________ Jim opened the door, the phone rang. A．When B．Since C．While D．Until 【答案】A 【详解】句意：当Jim打开门的时候，电话铃响了。 考查连词辨析。When当……时；Since自从；While当……时候；Until直到。根据“Jim opened the door, the phone rang.”可知，此处描述的是两个动作几乎同时发生，即“打开门”和“电话铃响”，“opened”为短暂性动词，因此应用“When”引导时间状语从句。故选A。 6．（25-26八年级上·黑龙江大庆·期末）You can’t listen to music ________ you are doing your homework. It will distract (使……分心) you. A．until B．while C．after D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你做作业的时候不能听音乐。它会让你分心。 考查连词辨析。until直到；while当……时候；after在……之后；before在……之前。根据“It will distract you”可知，听音乐和做作业这两个动作同时进行会产生干扰，因此应用表示“当……时候”的连词while来引导时间状语从句。故选B。 7．（24-25八年级上·北京门头沟·期末）It’s five in the afternoon. They are having a tea party ________ we are playing chess. A．before B．after C．when D．while 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在是下午五点。他们正在举行茶话会，与此同时我们在下棋。 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；after在……之后”；when当……时（可接短暂性或延续性动作）；while当……时（用于连接同时发生的延续性动作）。根据句子中“are having a tea party”和“are playing chess”均为现在进行时（延续性动作），表示两个动作同时发生，应用while连接。故选D。 8．（24-25八年级上·云南昭通·期末）—What happened to the boy? —He hit an old man ________ he was cycling to cross the road. A．if B．while C．whether D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——那个男孩发生了什么？——他在骑车过马路时撞到了一位老人。 考查连词辨析。if如果；while当……时；whether是否；but但是。根据“He hit an old man...he was cycling to cross the road.”可知，空白处需填入表示时间的连词，连接“撞到老人”和“骑车过马路”两个同时发生的动作，强调时间背景。故选B。 9．（24-25八年级上·江苏盐城·期末）My dad was cooking in the kitchen ________ I was doing my homework in my study. A．after B．while C．until D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸在厨房做饭，而我在书房做作业。 考查连词辨析。after在……之后；while当……时，强调两个动作同时进行；until直到……为止；before在……之前。根据语境可知，此处描述的是爸爸在厨房做饭和“我”在书房做作业这两个动作同时发生，所以应该用while。故选B。 10．（24-25七年级下·安徽合肥·期末）Maria watered the flowers ________ she was singing a song. This made gardening time joyful. A．before B．after C．while D．until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：玛丽亚一边唱歌一边给花浇水，这使得园艺时光变得十分愉快。 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；after在……之后；while当……时；until直到。根据“Maria watered the flowers …she was singing a song”可知，“唱歌”和“给花浇水”这两个动作同时发生，用while引导时间状语从句，故选C。 11．（25-26八年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）I won’t go to the movie ________ I finish my homework. A．when B．because C．after D．until 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我不会去看电影，直到我完成我的作业。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；because因为；after在……之后；until直到。根据“I won’t go to the movie...I finish my homework.”可知，“直到”我完成作业“才”会去看电影。not...until...意为“直到……才……”，固定搭配。故选D。 12．（25-26八年级上·吉林四平·期末）You may have an accident ________ you don’t follow the traffic rules on the road. A．until B．if C．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你不遵守道路上的交通规则，你可能会发生事故。 考查连词辨析。until直到；if如果；because因为。根据“You may have an accident…you don’t follow the traffic rules on the road.”可知，“不遵守交通规则”是“可能发生事故”的条件，需用if引导条件状语从句。故选B。 13．（25-26八年级上·甘肃临夏·期末）He doesn’t know the details of the class activity ________ you tell him through the class group chat. A．because B．after C．if D．until 【答案】D 【详解】句意：直到你通过班级群聊告诉他，他才知道班级活动的细节。 考查连词辨析。because因为；after在……之后；if如果；until直到。根据句子结构，前半部分“He doesn’t know”是否定句，表示“不知道”的状态，后半部分“you tell him”表示动作发生，需使用“not...until...”固定结构表达“直到……才……”。故选D。 14．（25-26八年级上·吉林长春·期末）The little boy kept crying at the school gate _________ his mother came to pick him up. A．until B．because C．or D．whether 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个小男孩在学校门口一直哭，直到他的妈妈来接他。 考查连词辨析。until直到；because因为；or或者；whether是否。根据“The little boy kept crying at the school gate ... his mother came to pick him up”可知，此处表示“小男孩一直哭，直到他妈妈来接他”；until直到，符合语境。故选A。 15．（25-26八年级上·西藏日喀则·期末）You’re not going out ________ you’ve finished this. A．until B．but C．that D．as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：直到你完成这个，你才能出去。 考查连词辨析。until直到……为止；but但是，表示转折；that引导从句，无实际意义；as因为，由于，表示原因。根据“You’re not going out”可知，直到你完成这个才能出去，所以应该用until。故选A。 语法2（过去进行时） 知识点1. 概念 过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。它常与表示过去某一特定时间的状语，如at six yesterday morning、at that time、then等连用，也可与when或 while引导的时间状语从句连用。 I was watering flowers in the garden at 4:00 yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午四点我正在花园里浇花。 When I came in, she was watching TV. 当我进来的时候，她正在看电视。 知识点2. 句式结构 句式 结构 例句 肯定句 主语+was/were+动词-ing形式（+其他）. I was drawing when you called me yesterday. 你昨天给我打电话时，我正在画画。 否定句 主语+wasn’t/weren’t+动词-ing形式（+其他）. Alan was not sleeping at ten last night. 昨天晚上十点艾伦没在睡觉。 一般疑问句及简略回答 Was/Were+主语+动词-ing〖JP2〗形式（+其他）? 肯定回答：Yes,主语+was/were. 否定回答：No,主语+wasn’t/weren’t. —Was Jim reading a book at this time yesterday? 昨天这个时候吉姆在看书吗？ —Yes, he was./No, he wasn’t. 是的，他在看书。/不，他没在看书。 特殊疑问句 疑问词+was/were+主语+动词-ing形式（+其他）？ What were you doing when I called you yesterday? 我昨天给你打电话时，你在干什么？ 知识点3.过去进行时的标志词：at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等 I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。) 知识点4. 过去进行时的用法详解 (1) 表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，此时句中往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time, yesterday等。 I was doing my homework when my mother came to home yesterday. 昨天我妈妈回家的时候我正在做作业。 (2) 叙述在过去的同一时间都在进行的几个动作，通常用While。 While I was walking in the park, I saw an old friend of mine. 当我在公园散步时我看到了我的一个老朋友。 (3) 表示在过去某一段时间内一直持续进行的动作。 They were expecting you yesterday, but you didn’t turn up. 昨天他们一直想见到你，但你没有出现。 知识点5. 过去进行的特殊用法 （1）表示临时性 即表示在过去短期内正在进行的动作或存在的临时情况，这种情况通常不会长期如此。 It happened while I was living in Paris last year. 这件事发生于去年我住在巴黎的时候。 （2）表示计划 即表示为过去的将来计划或安排好的活动。这类用法在没有明确上下文的情况下，通常会连用一个表示将来时间的状语。 He said that his sister was getting married next December. 他说他妹妹12月结婚。 用arrive, come, go, leave, take off等动词的现在进行时描写行程安排，也通常含有将来意义。 He said he was leaving for home in a day or two. 他说他一两天之内就动身回家了。 She knew the plane was taking off in five minutes. 她知道五分钟后飞机就要起飞了。 知识点6. 过去进行时与一般过去时的区别 区别一：过去进行时强调动作在过去某时刻正在进行或持续，而一般过去时表示动作的完成。 He was writing his composition last night. 他昨晚在写作文。(不一定写完) He wrote his composition last night. 他昨晚写了一篇作文。(已经写完) 区别二：表示过去的状态、感觉及心理活动的静态动词(如be, like, love, hate, fear, own, hear, see, know, want, notice)可用于一般过去时，但通常不用于进行时。 I hated it when a man spoke with his mouth full of food. 我讨厌人们说话时口里含着食物。 区别三：一般过去时与 always, constantly, forever, continually 等连用，表示＂过去经常性、习惯性的动作＂；而过去进行时与 always, constantly, forever, continually等连用，表示动作的重复，常带有感情色彩。 He always got up at six. 他过去总是六点起床。 He was always thinking of his work. 他总是一心想到工作。 区别四：有时过去进行时可以用来替换一般过去时，但一般过去时表示主语的行为是经过认真考虑的；而过去进行时表示一种较随便或没有进行仔细考虑的行为。 I thought that he would agree with us. 我原以为它会同意我们的。 I was thinking of persuading him to follow my advice. 我想到了要说服他接受我们的建议。 随堂训练 1．（24-25八年级上·安徽合肥·期末）—I called you this morning, but you didn’t answer the phone. —Sorry, I ________ the flowers in the garden then. A．water B．watered C．am watering D．was watering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我今天早上给你打电话了，但你没接。——对不起，我当时在花园里浇花。 考查过去进行时。根据“then”可知，此处强调“打电话的那个过去时间点正在做的事”，需用过去进行时。was watering符合语境。故选D。 2．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古通辽·期末）—I met Jack when I passed by the garden. —Yes, he _______ some flowers with the help of his mother. A．planted B．is planting C．was planting D．will plant 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我路过花园的时候遇见了杰克。——是的，他当时正在妈妈的帮助下种花。 考查动词的时态。根据“I met Jack when I passed by the garden”可推知，“遇见杰克”是过去的动作，同时“种花”这个动作正在进行，所以用过去进行时“was planting”。故选C。 3．（25-26九年级上·甘肃酒泉·期末）The girl ________ when the policeman came. A．cries B．was crying C．cried D．is crying 【答案】B 【详解】句意：警察来的时候，那个女孩正在哭。 考查时态。根据“when the policeman came”可知，主句动作在过去某一时刻正在进行，应用过去进行时（was/were + doing）。主语The girl是单数，be动词用was。故选B。 4．（25-26九年级上·吉林四平·期末）—What were you doing at half past four yesterday afternoon, Jim? —I ________ lessons in my bedroom. A．am reviewing B．have reviewed C．was reviewing D．will review 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——吉姆，昨天下午四点半你正在做什么？——我正在卧室里复习功课。 考查动词时态。am reviewing现在进行时；have reviewed现在完成时；was reviewing过去进行时；will review一般将来时。根据“What were you doing at half past four yesterday afternoon, Jim?”可知，问句询问过去某一时间点正在做的事情，所以时态为过去进行时，故选C。 5．（25-26七年级上·海南·期末）—What ________ you ________ at 8:00 last night? —I was reading a book. A．do; do B．did; do C．are; doing D．were; doing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨晚8点钟你正在做什么？——我正在读书。 考查时态。根据时间状语“at 8:00 last night（昨晚8点钟）”可知，该句时态为过去进行时，结构为“was/were+现在分词”，主语为you，be动词用were；do“做”，是实义动词，现在分词为doing。故选D。 6．（24-25九年级上·江西吉安·期末）—Hi, Daniel. You didn’t attend the chess class last night. —Oh, I ________ my computer. A．repair B．have repaired C．am repairing D．was repairing 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——嗨，丹尼尔。你昨晚没去上国际象棋课。——哦，我当时正在修我的电脑。 考查动词时态。根据“You didn’t attend the chess class last night.”可知，丹尼尔昨晚没去上国际象棋课，由此推断他当时正在做其他事情，即修电脑，表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应该用过去进行时“was/were + 现在分词”，主语“I”是第一人称单数，be动词用was，repair的现在分词是repairing，所以此处应填was repairing。故选D。 7．（24-25九年级上·江西九江·期末）The students ________ so happily that they didn’t notice the teacher coming in. A．were talking B．are talking C．will talk D．talk 【答案】A 【详解】句意：学生们当时正在如此开心地聊天，以至于他们没有注意到老师进来。 考查时态。根据“that they didn’t notice the teacher coming in”可知动作发生在过去，且“聊天”是当时持续进行的动作，因此应使用过去进行时“was/were doing”。故选A。 8．（24-25九年级上·江西赣州·期末）— Where were you at half past four yesterday afternoon, Tom? —I ________ lessons in my bedroom. A．reviewed B．am reviewing C．was reviewing D．have reviewed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天下午四点半你在哪里，汤姆？——我在我的卧室里复习功课。 考查时态辨析。reviewed复习，用于一般过去时；am reviewing正在复习，用于现在进行时；was reviewing正在复习，用于过去进行时；have reviewed已经复习，用于现在完成时。根据时间状语“at half past four yesterday afternoon”可知，“昨天下午四点半”这是一个具体的过去时间点，强调动作在当时正在进行，需用过去进行时。选项C符合此语境，表示在那个时刻Tom正在复习功课。故选C。 9．（24-25九年级上·四川广元·期末）—I called you last night but you didn’t answer the phone. —I ________ movies with my friends in the cinema. A．watch B．watched C．have watched D．was watching 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——昨晚我给你打电话，但你没接电话。——我正在电影院和朋友们看电影。 考查过去进行时。根据“last night”和“didn’t answer”可知，对方当时正在看电影，强调过去某个时间点正在进行的动作，需用过去进行时was/were doing。故选D。 10．（24-25九年级上·江西南昌·期末）—I called you at half past eight last night but nobody answered. —Oh, sorry. I ________ a movie with my cousin at the theatre then. A．watched B．am watching C．was watching D．will watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我昨晚八点半给你打电话，但没人接。——哦，对不起。我当时正在剧院和我表弟看电影。 考查过去进行时。watched观看，一般过去时；am watching正在观看，现在进行时；was watching正在观看，过去进行时；will watch将要观看，一般将来时。根据“then”指代“at half past eight last night”可知，强调过去某个具体时间点动作正在进行，需用过去进行时was/were+doing表示。故选C。 单元写作 本单元的主题是“自然灾害”,要求学生以第一人称叙事,结合过去进行时,生动展现一天中因天气或灾害引发的系列事件。与此相关的主要写作维度有:①以时间为线索,描述从清晨到晚上的具体经历;②运用“while+过去进行时”“when+一般过去时/过去进行时”等结构,衔接事件发展;③融入环境描写和个人感受。 在中考书面表达中,与此主题相关的命题形式常为“关于自然灾害的经历”或“介绍某一种灾害,并提出应对措施”。通常需要涵盖的内容包括:明确事件发生的时间、地点和经过,用过去进行时串联不同时段的行为,加入环境描写与个人心理活动,通过事件结尾的感悟升华主题;描述灾害的类型,列举预防和保护措施,呼吁大家保护自身安全。 1.写作实例 2025年5月12日是第17个全国防灾减灾日,结合你所经历的一次自然灾害,用英语写一篇短文,谈谈令你印象深刻的事以及你的感受。 要求:1.词数不少于80;2.语言流畅,书写规范,卷面整洁;3.短文中不要出现真实的地名、校名和人名。 2.审题指导 1.体裁:记叙文　2.时态:以一般过去时为主　3.人称:以第一人称和第三人称为主 4.必备词句:①hit one’s hometown侵袭某人的家乡　 ②turn everything upside down 把一切弄得乱七八糟　 ③in the distance在远处　 ④pour down (雨)倾盆而下　 ⑤struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 ⑥in an instant立即,马上 ⑦This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared.这一天让我见识到大自然的力量以及做好准备的重要性。 ⑧It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart.这真的是值得铭记的一天,在我心中留下了深刻的印记。 3.谋篇布局 优秀范文 In my memory, countless days have passed by, but there’s one day I’ll never forget—the day a huge rainstorm unexpectedly hit my hometown, turning everything upside down. It started early in the morning. When I was cheerfully getting ready for school, dark clouds suddenly covered the sky like a giant black blanket. Thunder rumbled in the distance. Soon, heavy rain poured down. The raindrops were as big as coins. While I was struggling to walk to school with an umbrella, strong winds, as if they were angry beasts, blew it away in an instant. I got completely wet. Classes were canceled because of the rising flood. I felt so scared that I held my mom's hand tightly, hoping the rainstorm would stop soon. This day taught me nature’s power and the importance of being prepared. It’s truly a day to remember, one that left a deep mark on my heart. 假如你是李明，你的城市曾经经历了一场大型自然灾害（如地震、洪水或台风等）。今年是该自然灾害发生三周年，学校想做一个专题活动，提醒人们积极应对自然灾害。请根据以下提示写一篇英语发言稿，讲述那场灾害发生的情况、人们的反应以及你从中学到的经验。 提示： 1.灾害的类型、发生时间及地点； 2.你和家人/朋友的感受及反应； 3.克服困难及灾后情况的描述； 4.从中学到的经验或你的感悟。 注意： 1.短文须包含上述提示信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2.文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数不少于80(首句已为你写好，不计入总词数)。 Hello, I’m Li Ming. 【写作提示】 1.主题：介绍某次自然灾害发生期间的经历 2.人称：以第一人称为主 3.时态：以一般过去时为主 4.要点：灾害发生的时间、地点、类型及影响；人们对灾害的反应；灾后克服困难的过程；获得的经验或感悟 5.写作思路：开篇引出灾害的类型、发生时间及地点，主体部分描述灾害发生的过程、人们的反应及灾后恢复过程，结尾说明从灾害中学到的经验或感悟。 【范文】 Hello, I’m Li Ming. Three years ago, a terrible earthquake hit our city.  While I was having a maths class, the ground shook very hard and things around me began to move from side to side. My classmates and I rushed out of the classroom at once. I was so scared that I searched for my teachers and friends everywhere. One of my friends found me. We stayed together and helped each other. Later, volunteers came, and we got out of danger. I broke my left leg in the earthquake. Thanks to the doctors’ treatment in time, I recovered at last. Life slowly went back to normal. This disaster has taught me that we should always stay calm, face it with courage, and never give up. 一．单项选择 1．（24-25八年级下·甘肃金昌·期末）Danny could read and write when he was five years old. A．five years later B．at the age of five C．five years ago D．for five years 【答案】B 【详解】句意：丹尼五岁时就会读书写字了。 考查同义短语。five years later五年后；at the age of five在五岁时；five years ago五年前；for five years长达五年。根据“Danny could read and write when he was five years old.”可知，原句中“when he was five years old”表示“当他五岁时”，“at the age of five”直接对应“when he was five years old”，均表示“在五岁时”，符合句子的时间逻辑。故选B。 2．（23-24八年级下·上海闵行·月考）Smiling is the best policy. People will smile back ________ you smile at them. A．unless B．though C．when D．until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：微笑是最好的策略，当你对他们微笑时，人们将回报你笑容。 考查时间状语从句。unless除非；though虽然；when当……时；until直到……才。根据“People will smile back...you smile at them.”可知，指当你对他们微笑时，此句是when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当……时”。故选C。 3．（24-25八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）________ Amy met Peter, she with her mum ________ for the bus at the bus station. A．When; were waiting B．When; was waiting C．While; were waiting D．While; was waiting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当艾米遇到彼得时，她跟妈妈正在车站等公交车。 考查连词及主谓一致。非延续性动词与when连用，延续性动词与while连用。met是非延续性动词，用when；后句中句子的主语是she，因此谓语动词用单数was doing。故选B。 4．（24-25八年级下·山东青岛·期末）My father was watering the flowers ________ my mother was cleaning the window. A．unless B．while C．if D．until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我爸爸在浇花，妈妈在擦窗户。 考查连词辨析。unless除非；while当……时，强调两个同时进行的持续性动作；if如果；until直到。根据“was watering the flowers”和“was cleaning the window”可知，“浇花”和“擦窗户”两个持续性动作同时进行，应用while连接。故选B。 5．（24-25八年级下·天津河北·期末）Peter suddenly saw an old friend ________ he was walking down the street. A．because B．if C．while D．or 【答案】C 【详解】句意：彼得在街上散步时，突然看见了一位老朋友。 考查连词辨析。because因为，表原因；if如果，表条件；while当……时，表时间；or或者，表选择。根据“Peter suddenly saw an old friend ... he was walking down the street.”可知，此处描述的是两个动作同时发生，即“看见老朋友”和“散步”同时进行，需要用表时间的连词while。故选C。 6．（24-25八年级下·北京大兴·期末）My father was reading a newspaper ________ my mother was cooking dinner at 7 last night. A．while B．until C．after D．before 【答案】A 【详解】句意：昨晚七点我妈妈在做饭时，我爸爸在看报纸。 考查从属连词辨析。while当……时；until直到；after在……之后；before在……之前。此处表示两个动作同时发生，应该用while引导时间状语从句。故选A。 7．（24-25八年级上·安徽阜阳·期末）—Time to go home, Peter? —Wait a minute. I can’t go home_________ I finish cleaning the hallway. A．until B．but C．so D．because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——该回家了，彼得？——等一下。我要打扫完走廊才能回家。 考查连词辨析。until直到；but但是；so所以；because因为。根据“Wait a minute”可知，彼得“不能回家”的状态持续到“打扫完走廊”为止，此处使用固定搭配“not...until...”，意为“直到……才……”。故选A。 8．（24-25八年级上·江西宜春·期末）—Tom, did you stay up late watching the basketball game? —Yeah. I didn’t go to sleep ____________ my father came back home at midnight. A．since B．until C．unless D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——汤姆，你熬夜看篮球赛了吗？——是的。直到半夜我父亲回家，我才睡觉。 考查连词辨析。since自从；until直到；unless除非；after在……以后。根据“I didn’t go to sleep…my father came back home at midnight.”可知，此处表示“直到某个时间点才发生某事”，需要填入一个表示“直到……才”的连词，“until”符合语境。故选B。 9．（24-25八年级上·江西吉安·期末）—The bus is going to stop. So we’d better not get off the bus now. Let’s wait ________ the bus stops. —OK, Mr. White. A．if B．although C．but D．until 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——公共汽车就要停了。所以我们现在最好不要下车。我们等到公共汽车停了（再下车）。——好的，怀特先生。 考查连词辨析。if如果；although虽然；but但是；until直到……为止。根据语境可知，此处表达的是要等到公共汽车停了再下车，所以应该用until，wait until表示“等待直到……”。故选D。 10．（25-26八年级上·安徽阜阳·期末）—Hey, Peter. Would you like to go out for dinner with us now? —Sorry, I have to stay with my baby sister ________ my parents come back. A．until B．after C．while D．because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嘿，彼得。你现在愿意和我们一起出去吃晚饭吗？——对不起，我得陪着我的小妹妹直到我父母回来。 考查连词辨析。until直到……为止；after在……之后；while当……的时候；because因为。根据“I have to stay with my baby sister”和“my parents come back”的逻辑关系可知，此处表示彼得不能外出是因为必须照顾妹妹，且这一状态要持续到父母返回的时间点，until符合语境。故选 A。 11．（23-24八年级下·云南丽江·期末）The mother didn’t go to sleep ________ her son came back home last night. A．if B．until C．while D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妈妈昨晚直到儿子回家才睡觉。 考查从属连词辨析。if如果，是否；until直到……为止，not…until…“直到……才……”；while当……时；because因为。分析句子“The mother didn’t go to sleep…her son came back home last night.”可知，“didn’t go to sleep”是否定结构，与“until”连用构成“not...until…”，表示“直到……才……”，表达妈妈直到儿子回家才睡觉。故选B。 二．写作 （1） 2025年5月30日,李华的家乡河北唐山发生了一场地震,幸运的是,李华一家安然无恙。假如你是李华,请描述一下地震发生时家人的活动及地震后社区的情况。 提示:1.What were your family doing? 2.What was the community like after the earthquake? 要求:1.结构完整,表达通顺,语言规范,书写清晰;2.文中不得出现真实姓名、校名等信息;3.词数不少于80(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My name is Li Hua. There was an earthquake at about 5:00 p.m. on May 30th. 【范文】 　　My name is Li Hua. There was an earthquake at about 5:00 p.m. on May 30th. When it hit, my father was reading a newspaper in the living room, and my mother was cooking in the kitchen. I was doing my homework in my room. Suddenly, the house started shaking, and things fell down. We were all scared. After the earthquake, our community was in a mess. Some houses had cracks and broken glass, and fallen objects were every-where. However, neighbors quickly came out and helped each other. Some checked if others were okay, and some worked together to clean up the mess. Luckily, my family were safe. I hope we can be more prepared for such disasters in the future. （2） 40．（25-26八年级上·全国·课后作业）地震是一种自然灾害，学会在不同的地方用不同的方法自救非常重要。请结合下面的表格，写一篇80词左右的短文，介绍自救常识。 家 教室 户外 车内 ★躲在床或桌子下 ★用手臂遮住头和脖子 ★躲在课桌下 ★…… ★逃到空地上 ★…… ★停在路边 ★不要停河边 你的建议 …… An earthquake is a kind of natural disaster. It may lead to serious results and make a lot of people lose their homes or even lives. So it is important for us to know how to keep safe in an earthquake. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 An earthquake is a kind of natural disaster. It may lead to serious results and make a lot of people lose their homes or even lives. So it is important for us to know how to keep safe in an earthquake. If you are at home, it is safe to hide under the bed or strong tables. Cover your head and neck with your arms. If you are in a classroom, stay under the desk. After the shake stops, you can run outside as soon as possible. When you are outside, you should quickly run to an open space. Stay away from buildings or trees. When you are driving, stop it by the road at once. Don’t stop your car near a river. Remember to keep calm and try to protect yourself when an earthquake starts. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中的所有要求，适当添加细节，并突出写作要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图，借用“如何在地震中保持安全对我们来说很重要”来展开； 第二步，详细介绍在不同的地方用不同的方法自救； 第三步，书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①lead to导致 ②as soon as possible尽可能快 ③stay away from远离 ④keep calm保持冷静 ⑤try to do sth.尽力做某事 [高级句型] ①So it is important for us to know how to keep safe in an earthquake.（句型it is+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.） ②When you are outside, you should quickly run to an open space.（when引导的时间状语从句） （3） （2022·辽宁沈阳·一模）最近花园市遭受了台风袭击，这牵动了很多同学的心。你所在学校的校报以 “我能为灾区做什么?” 为主题开展征文活动。请你写一篇文章投稿，就这一问题开展讨论。内容包括： 1.得知灾情之后的感受； 2.你想到的具体援助措施（写信慰问受灾地区的同学，举办活动筹集物资，报名充当志愿者等）； 3.对于城市重建之后的憧憬； 注意：1.词数80-100，开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数； 2.短文需包括所给信息，可以适当增加细节，使行文流畅； 3.在文中不要出现考生和相关人物的真实姓名和校名。 Last week a typhoon hit Garden City, ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Last week a typhoon hit Garden City, causing about 2,000 people homeless. I feel very sad to hear the news. We should do something to help the people in the disaster area. First of all, we can write letters to comfort the students in the disaster area and give them encouragement. In addition, we can hold activities to raise money for them. We can also donate what they need most, such as clothes, food, clean water and tents. What’s more, we can sign up as volunteers to help people in Garden City to rebuild their homes. I believe with our efforts, the city will be full of life again. 【详解】1.题干解读：本文要求以 “我能为灾区做什么?” 为主题写一篇短文，题干给出了背景信息，写作时应承接开头，根据提示内容按要求完成作文。 2.写作指导：本文时态主要采用一般现在时，以第一人称描述自己能做的事情；先描述自己的感受，再介绍援助措施，最后表达憧憬。注意包含全部要点，可添加细节，做到无语法和拼写错误。 （4） （22-23八年级上·江苏宿迁·期末）全球变暖(Global Warming)是目前人类面临的最大环境问题。请你根据以下提示内容，写一篇英语短文，向老师说说自己的理解和看法。 全球变暖 主要原因 人类活动增多； 结果 导致更多的自然灾害(洪水，暴雨，森林火灾等)；海平面(sea level)上升；动物数量减少；…… 怎么做 采取行动拯救地球： 1.使用清洁能源(clean energy)； 2.乘坐公交或地铁、步行； 3.植树造林……. 注意：1.根据提示内容，可适当发挥，要求语句通顺、意思连贯； 2.词数80个字左右，标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Global warming is now becoming a serious problem all over the world. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ If everyone tries his best, I believe the environment will become much better. 【答案】 Global warming is now becoming a serious problem all over the world. Human activities are one of the main reasons for it. As a result, more and more natural disasters happen, such as floods, storms and forest fire. Moreover, it causes the sea level to rise. And plenty of animals are in danger. The number of all kinds of animals is smaller and smaller. So we must take action right away to save the Earth. First of all, we should use more clean energy in our daily life. Second, we should try to walk to school, take a bus or take an underground instead of taking a car. Third, we should plant trees as many as possible. If everyone tries his best, I believe the environment will become much better. 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已给出，不要遗漏每一项内容，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，整体说明全球变暖的主要原因； 第二步，介绍全球变暖的结果； 第三步，最后说明如何做。 [亮点词汇] ①As a result因此 ②in danger处于危险中 ③all kinds of各种各样的 ④instead of而不是 [高分句型] So we must take action right away to save the Earth.（动词不定式作目的状语） 知识导图记忆 过去进行时 定义：过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。 构成：助动词be (was，were ) +doing——动词变现在分词 基本句型: 句型： be (was,were) +doing 陈述句 He was washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 否定句 He was not washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday. 疑问句 Was he washing the dishes at 6 p.m. yesterday? Yes, he was./No,he wasn’t. 时间标志：过去进行时的时间状语有：at this time yesterday，at 7:00 yesterday ，last night ,from seven to nine ,at that time以when或while引导的时间状语从句等。 如：He was cooking supper this time yesterday.(昨天这个时候他正在做晚饭) (1) when和while引导的时间状语从句用进行时。 when: at or during the time时间段或者时间点 when+did or be doing did.... when ...be doing did...when...did be doing when ...did while: during the time 时间段 while + be doing did...while...be doing be doing while... be doing when, while引导时间状语从句 1) when的用法 when既可指时间点，也可指时间段（即：从句动词可以是短暂的也可是延续的）；主从句动作可同时也可先后发生。 I was thin when I was a child. 当我是个孩子的时候,我很瘦。 It was raining when I arrived.我到达时，天正在下雨。 When I saw you at my age of five, I liked you.五岁时见到你,就喜欢上了你。 2）while用法 while只能指一段时间，从句中的动词必须是延续性动词。强调某一段时间内发生主句动作，相当于during the time that.... My mother was cooking while I was doing my homework.当我在做作业时，妈妈在做饭。 I am safe while I am here.我在这儿的时候，我很安全。 注意 while除引导时间状语从句外，还引导对比句，作“然而”讲；并可在句首引出让步状语从句作“虽然···但”讲。 I like watching TV, while he likes reading.我喜欢看电视，而他喜欢读书。 While he has his own car, he often uses mine.尽管他自己有车，他却常用我的。 一．单词拼写 1．（25-26八年级上·山东潍坊·期末）I (shop) at the supermarket when it rained yesterday. 【答案】was shopping 【详解】句意：昨天下雨的时候，我正在超市购物。根据“when it rained yesterday”可知，此处表示在过去某一特定时刻（下雨时）正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，结构为was/were doing。主语I是第一人称单数，助动词用was；shop的现在分词形式为shopping。故填was shopping。 2．（25-26八年级上·辽宁营口·期末）What you (do) while the teacher was away? 【答案】 were doing 【详解】句意：老师不在的时候，你在做什么？do“做”，动词；根据从句“while the teacher was away”可知，主句动作在从句描述的时间段内正在进行，故应用过去进行时（were/was+doing）。主语“you”是第二人称，助动词用were，动词用现在分词doing。故填were；doing。 3．（24-25九年级上·甘肃白银·期末）She (check) her emails when the phone rang suddenly, so she stopped to answer it. 【答案】was checking 【详解】句意：电话突然响起的时候，她正在查看邮件，于是她停下来去接电话了。根据“when the phone rang suddenly”可知，此处用过去进行时态，其结构是“was/were + doing”，主语“she”是第三人称单数，应用“was”，故填was checking。 4．（24-25八年级上·福建三明·期末）Li Ming (listen) to the news at half past seven this morning. 【答案】was listening 【详解】句意：李明今天早上七点半正在听新闻。根据“at half past seven this morning”这一具体时间点，可知此处表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，要用过去进行时，其结构为“was/were + 现在分词”。主语Li Ming是第三人称单数，所以be动词用was，listen的现在分词是listening。故填was listening。   5．（24-25八年级上·内蒙古呼和浩特·期末）While my mother TV at that time yesterday, I was making a kite. (watch) 【答案】was watching 【详解】句意：昨天那个时候我妈妈正在看电视，而我正在制作风筝。本句为while引导的时间状语从句，强调两个动作在过去某一时刻同时进行，主句用过去进行时was making，从句也需用过去进行时。主语my mother为第三人称单数，故从句谓语用was watching。故填was watching。 6．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）Jim (chat) on the Internet while Mom was cooking. 【答案】was chatting 【详解】句意：当妈妈正在做饭时，Jim正在网上聊天。chat“聊天”，是动词，根据“while”和“was cooking”可知此处句子时态为过去进行时，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，其谓语结构为“was/were+doing”，而主语Jim为第三人称单数，所以be动词应用was，故填was；chatting。 7．（25-26八年级上·全国·期末）I (mop) up the water at this time yesterday. 【答案】was mopping 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候我正在擦水。mop“擦拭”，动词原形，根据时间状语“at this time yesterday”可知，本句为过去进行时态，过去进行时态的结构为was/were+doing，主语为“I”，应用was，mop的现在分词形式为mopping。故填was mopping。 8．（24-25八年级下·江苏南京·期末）All the team members were (train) hard when I passed by the room. 【答案】training 【详解】句意：当我经过房间时，所有队员都在努力训练。根据“All the team members were...when I passed by the room.”可知，此处表明训练动作在那一刻正在进行，应用现在分词形式training。故填training。 9．（24-25八年级下·甘肃武威·期末）While I (read) a book, my sister was watching TV. 【答案】was reading 【详解】句意：当我正在看书时，我妹妹正在看电视。read“读”，动词。while引导时间状语从句，主句用过去进行时，从句也用过去进行时，动词形式为was/were doing，主语是I，be动词用was，read的现在分词是reading，故填was reading。 10．（24-25八年级下·重庆江北·期末）I (study) for a test when it began to rain heavily. 【答案】was studying 【详解】句意：我正在为考试学习，这时突然下起了大雨。根据“when it began to rain heavily”可知，主句用过去进行时was/were doing；主语是I，用was studying，故填was studying。 二．语法填空 （24-25八年级下·湖南长沙·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Do you like riding bikes? Recently, riding a bike 1 (become) very popular. This has developed the bike business a lot. According to the report, the sales of bikes were €4 billion in Germany 2 2019. However, by 2023, sales grew by €3.06 billion, setting a new record. As one of the 3 (easy) ways of transportation, riding a bike is certainly good exercise. Also, with rising fuel (燃料) prices and people’s wish to connect with nature, more people want to ride bikes instead of driving cars or 4 (use) public transportation. It is no wonder that new innovations (创新) in bikes always appear. The following are two bike trends (趋势). Bicycle sharing has been introduced in many 5 (city) around the world. It’s reported that 6 (thousand) of bikes get lost every year. So better locks are needed. The latest lock can 7 (simple) be opened through an app. The mobile phone is the key. 8 a stranger moves the bike, the lock will make a loud sound. As more and more people use bikes, they often put a bike bag on the bike to carry things. But what will they do with the bike bag when finishing their ride? Not long ago, 9 18-year-old high school student named Karl showed his special bike bag. When the bike ride is over, it’s very easy to turn the bike bag into a backpack and continue running with it on the back. Riding a bike seems 10 (be) a trend at home and abroad. And there will be more innovations to make the ride enjoyable. 【答案】1．has become 2．in 3．easiest 4．using 5．cities 6．thousands 7．simply 8．If 9．an 10．to be 【导语】本文讲述了骑自行车在国内外成为一种流行趋势，介绍了自行车销量增长、人们选择骑车的原因、自行车共享趋势以及相关的创新，如新型锁和可转换为背包的自行车包等。 1．句意：最近，骑自行车变得非常流行。根据“Recently”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has done”，主语“riding a bike”为第三人称单数，所以此处应用助动词has，become的过去分词为become，故填has become。 2．句意：据报道，2019年德国的自行车销售额为40亿欧元。根据“2019”可知，此处表示在2019年，在年份前应用介词in，故填in。 3．句意：作为最简单的交通方式之一，骑自行车当然是很好的锻炼。根据“As one of the...ways of transportation”可知，此处表示“最……之一”，英语表达为“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”，easy的最高级为easiest，故填easiest。 4．句意：此外，随着燃料价格上涨和人们希望与自然联系，越来越多的人想骑自行车而不是开车或使用公共交通工具。根据“driving cars or...public transportation”可知，此处与“driving cars”并列，所以此处应用动名词形式，use的动名词形式为using，故填using。 5．句意：自行车共享已经在世界各地的许多城市推出。根据“many”可知，此处应用名词city的复数形式cities，故填cities。 6．句意：据报道，每年有数千辆自行车丢失。根据“...of bikes”可知，此处表示“数千辆”，英语表达为“thousands of”，故填thousands。 7．句意：最新的锁可以通过应用程序轻松打开。根据“be opened”可知，此处应用副词修饰动词，simple的副词形式为simply，故填simply。 8．句意：如果陌生人移动自行车，锁会发出很大的声音。根据“...a stranger moves the bike, the lock will make a loud sound.”可知，此处表示条件，即“如果陌生人移动自行车，锁会发出很大的声音”，所以此处应用if引导条件状语从句，句首首字母大写，故填If。 9．句意：不久前，一个名叫卡尔的18岁高中生展示了他特别的自行车包。根据“...18-year-old high school student”可知，此处表示泛指一个18岁的高中生，且18-year-old以元音音素开头，所以此处应用不定冠词an修饰，故填an。 10．句意：骑自行车在国内和国外似乎都是一种趋势。根据“seems”可知，此处考查“seem to do sth”，意为“似乎做某事”，所以此处应用动词不定式形式，故填to be。 三、写作 （23-24八年级下·全国·假期作业）近年来，自然灾害频发，引起了全球对环境保护以及动物保护的思考。请你根据下面的提示，以“Protect the Natural World”为题写一篇英语演讲稿，呼吁全体师生积极行动。 提示：1. Why is it important to protect the natural world? 2. What problems does nature face? 3. What should we do to protect the natural world? 要求：1.词数80左右，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；2.须包括所有要点，可适当发挥；3.文中不得提及真实的人名、校名等信息。 Protect the Natural World Good morning, everyone! Today I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ That’s all. Thanks for your listening! 【答案】 Protect the Natural World Good morning, everyone! Today I am very happy to be here to give a talk about protecting the natural world. We are all living on the earth. The natural world belongs to all of us. There are many environmental problems nowadays. For example, people cut down trees for production. Water and electricity waste is seen everywhere. Rubbish is often thrown into rivers and lakes, and many of them are polluted. Luckily, there are many things we can do to protect the natural world. In our daily life, we should collect and sort the rubbish into different groups so that it can be reused and recycled better. Besides, we should learn to save energy, such as not leaving taps running and taking our own bags when shopping. Let’s take action. Let’s save our world together! That’s all. Thanks for your listening. 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇演讲稿； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已经给出，注意不要遗漏，可适当增加细节。 [写作步骤] 第一步，说明保护自然环境的重要性； 第二步，说明我们目前面临着哪些环境问题； 第三步，说明我们可以做什么来保护环境。 [亮点词汇] ①belong to属于 ②cut down砍倒 ③throw into扔进 [高分句型] ①Luckily, there are many things we can do to protect the natural world. （省略关系代词which/that的定语从句） ②In our daily life, we should collect and sort the rubbish into different groups so that it can be reused and recycled better.（so that引导的目的状语从句） 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $