第6讲 外刊阅读之人与自我（寒假预习讲义）六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第6讲 外刊阅读之人与自我 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Painting by Bike Do you like cycling? Do you use GPS to record your rides? Antony Hoyte does. And he uses the GPS of his cycling routes to make paintings! On November 13, 2021, Antony cycled 107 kilometers throughout London in eight and a half hours. He "painted" a GPS drawing of a man and named him "Mr. Movember." It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing by bicycle within twelve hours. Cycling is one of Antony's favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation. In 2016, he started making GPS paintings with his bike. He also decided to "paint" a picture for a mental(精神的) health charity called Movember. Antony said he used to have some mental health problems himself. He wanted to raise money and awareness(意识) for men's mental health. Antony was glad that many people liked his idea and "paintings." People call him "Pedaling Picasso(骑行毕加索)." He also received a lot of donations(捐赠物). This cyclist thanked everyone for their love and support. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ v. 骑自行车；n. 自行车 搭配：cycle 107 kilometers 骑行107公里；go cycling 去骑自行车 词转：cyclist n. 骑自行车的人（文章中“This cyclist”指Antony） 例句：Antony cycled throughout London on November 13, 2021. 翻译练习： 周末我喜欢和朋友一起骑自行车去公园。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录；/ˈrekɔːd/ n. 记录 搭配：record rides 记录骑行；break a record 打破纪录 词转：recorder n. 记录者；录音机 例句：Do you use GPS to record your rides? 翻译练习： 这个运动员打破了100米赛跑的世界纪录。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. route /ruːt/ n. 路线 搭配：cycling routes 骑行路线；a GPS route GPS路线 例句：He uses the GPS of his cycling routes to make paintings. 翻译练习： 我们需要规划一条去博物馆的新路线。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. relaxation /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃn/ n. 放松；休息 搭配：get relaxation 获得放松；a way of relaxation 一种放松方式 词转：relax v. 放松；relaxed adj. 放松的（修饰人）；relaxing adj. 令人放松的（修饰物） 例句：Cycling helps Antony get exercise and relaxation. 翻译练习： 听音乐是我最喜欢的放松方式之一。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构；慈善 搭配：a mental health charity 心理健康慈善机构；do charity 做慈善 例句：He painted a picture for a charity called Movember. 翻译练习： 很多人向这个慈善机构捐赠了书籍和衣物。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. raise /reɪz/ v. 筹集；提升；举起 搭配：raise money 筹款；raise awareness 提高意识；raise one’s hand 举手 例句：He wanted to raise money and awareness for men’s mental health. 翻译练习： 我们举办了一场义卖活动，为贫困儿童筹款。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. donation /doʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠物；捐赠 搭配：receive donations 收到捐赠；make a donation 进行捐赠 词转：donate v. 捐赠（donate money 捐钱） 例句：Antony received a lot of donations for the charity. 翻译练习： 这家医院收到了很多来自公众的医疗物资捐赠。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. support /səˈpɔːrt/ n. /v. 支持 搭配：give support 给予支持；support sb. 支持某人 例句：Antony thanked everyone for their love and support. 翻译练习： 我的父母一直支持我追求自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语 1. use ... to do sth. 用……做某事 用法：表示“借助某工具/方式完成某个动作” 文章原句：He uses the GPS of his cycling routes to make paintings! 翻译练习： 我们用手机来拍照和联系朋友。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. break the Guinness World Record 打破吉尼斯世界纪录 用法：“break”后接“record”表示“打破纪录”，“Guinness World Record”是固定专有名词 文章原句：It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing by bicycle. 翻译练习： 这个10岁的女孩打破了魔方还原的吉尼斯世界纪录。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 用法：表示“过去的习惯性动作，现在已不做”，否定形式为“didn’t use to” 文章原句：Antony said he used to have some mental health problems himself. 翻译练习： 我小时候常常在这条河里游泳，但现在河水变脏了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人 用法：“for”后接感谢的原因（名词/动名词） 文章原句：This cyclist thanked everyone for their love and support. 翻译练习： 我想感谢我的老师，因为他给了我很多学习上的帮助。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、关键句型 1. Do you ...? Do you ...? sb. does. （你是否……？你是否……？某人是这样的） 用法：用“sb. does”承接上文的两个问句，表“某人符合前文描述”，用于引出人物特点 文章原句：Do you like cycling? Do you use GPS to record your rides? Antony Hoyte does. 仿写练习：你喜欢阅读吗？你喜欢写故事吗？我的妹妹是这样的。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. It broke the record for ... 它打破了……的纪录 用法：“for”后接“纪录对应的具体内容”，说明打破的是哪方面的纪录 文章原句：It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing by bicycle within twelve hours. 仿写练习：这个团队打破了“24小时内搭建最高乐高塔”的纪录。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. sb. was glad that ... 某人很高兴…… 用法：“that”后接宾语从句，表“某人因某事感到高兴” 文章原句：Antony was glad that many people liked his idea and “paintings.” 仿写练习：我很高兴我的朋友能来参加我的生日派对。 _____________________________________________________________________ 四、语法 （一）一般过去时（文章主要时态） 1. 用法 描述过去发生的动作或事件，文章中所有具体行为（骑行、创作、打破纪录等）均用一般过去时。 2. 文章原句 On November 13, 2021, Antony cycled 107 kilometers throughout London. He named him "Mr. Movember." It broke the Guinness World Record. In 2016, he started making GPS paintings with his bike. 3. 核心规则 规则动词，直接加-ed： cycle → cycled；start → started 规则动词（e结尾） ：加-d | name → named 不规则动词特殊变化： break → broke；make → made 4. 否定句/疑问句拓展 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形（如：Antony didn’t want to give up.） 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形（如：Did Antony cycle in London?） （二）some / any 的用法区别 1. 用法 均表示“一些”，修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词，肯定句用some，否定句/疑问句用any。 2. 文章/考题关联 肯定句：He wanted to raise some money.（原文隐含） 否定句：Antony didn’t want to have any mental health problems himself.（考题改写） （三）介词for的多重用法（文章高频） 1. 用法1：表“目的”，意为“为了” 文章原句：He painted a picture for a mental health charity. 拓展：raise money for mental health（为心理健康筹款） 2. 用法2：表“持续时间” 文章原句：He cycled 107 kilometers for eight and a half hours. 3. 用法3：表“对于” 文章原句：the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing（针对最大GPS画作的纪录） 外刊精练 I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. I'm going to spend the weekend just __________. (relaxation) 2. She has to make some very difficult __________. (decide) 3. The __________ will be put on public display next week. (paint) 4. This booklet provides __________ information about local services. (use) 5. Fresh fruit and vegetables form an important part of a(n) __________ diet. (health) II. Answer the questions. 1. How far did Antony cycle throughout London on November 13,2021? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What's the name of Antony's GPS drawing of a man? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What's the benefit of cycling for Antony? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Antony make GPS paintings with his bike? _____________________________________________________________________ 5.What do you think of Antony Hoyte the cyclist? Why? _____________________________________________________________________ III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Cycling is one of Antony's favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation. (反义疑问句) Cycling is one of Antony's favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation, __________ __________? 2.Antony wanted to have some mental health problems himself.（改为一般否定句） Antony __________ __________ to have __________ mental health problems himself. 3.I，the，morning，to，in，up，used，late，get（连词成句） ____________________________________________________________________. IV. Retell the passage in your own words. Passage 02 外刊精讲 A Cat's Diary Today is August 8. It is International Cat Day. What surprise will my human give me today? Let me guess … 5 a. m. My human is still sleeping. After all, she went to bed only four hours ago. She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. Wait. Her hand is hanging from her bed. Is she trying to play with me? What a surprising gift! I'll just bite her hand to thank her. 7 a. m. I'm honestly done with my human. Her small brain can't even understand love! Two hours ago, I tried to thank her for her kind Cat Day gift with a friendly bite. But I was wrong. It was not a gift at all. She shouted at me. It was so frightening! 8 a. m. Finally, my human gets up. I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today. But she takes no notice of me. She just mindlessly pours something into my bowl. She's in a hurry every morning. 3 p. m. I'm busy today. In the morning, I went through the cupboards. I saw my human put some food there last night. Then,I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. Now, I'm going to take a nap. 9 p. m. My human comes in. She works overtime every day, but… does she work hard? If she works hard, she should be rich. Then, why doesn't she buy me some tastier food—at least on this special day? 12 a. m. My human climbs into her bed and starts to play with that matchbox-like thing. Okay, so there's no surprise today. Meow!!! Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers? 一、核心词汇精讲 1. surprise /sə(r)praɪz/ n. 惊喜；v. 使惊讶 搭配：give sb. a surprise 给某人惊喜；a big surprise 一个大惊喜；in surprise 惊讶地 词转：surprised adj. 感到惊讶的（修饰人/动物）；surprising adj. 令人惊讶的（修饰事物） 例句：What surprise will my human give me today? 翻译练习： 我的朋友在我生日那天给了我一个惊喜。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. hang /hæŋ/ v. 悬挂；垂落（过去式hung，过去分词hung） 搭配：hang from... 从……垂下来；hang up 挂起来；hang on 稍等 词转：hanger n. 衣架 例句：Her hand is hanging from her bed. 翻译练习： 一件红色的连衣裙正从衣柜里垂下来。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. bite /baɪt/ v. 咬（过去式bit，过去分词bitten）；n. 一口 搭配：bite sb.'s hand 咬某人的手；take a bite of sth. 咬一口某物；bite into 咬进…… 词转：bitten adj. 被咬的；biter n. 咬人的动物/人 例句：I'll just bite her hand to thank her. 翻译练习： 那只小猫轻轻地咬了我的手指。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. frightening /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/ adj. 令人害怕的 搭配：a frightening sound 令人害怕的声音；frightening news 令人惊恐的消息 词转：frighten v. 使害怕；frightened adj. 感到害怕的（修饰人/动物）；fright n. 恐惧 例句：It was so frightening! 翻译练习： 夜晚，森林里传来令人害怕的叫声。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v. 提醒 搭配：remind sb. that... 提醒某人……；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事；remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 词转：reminder n. 提醒物；提示 例句：I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today. 翻译练习： 我设置了一个便签来提醒自己明天去图书馆。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. mindlessly /ˈmaɪndləsli/ adv. 无意识地；漫不经心地 搭配：do sth. mindlessly 漫不经心地做某事；eat mindlessly 不假思索地吃 词转：mindless adj. 漫不经心的；无意识的；mind n. 头脑；v. 介意 例句：She just mindlessly pours something into my bowl. 翻译练习： 他漫不经心地翻着书，没有看进去任何内容。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/ n. 橱柜；碗柜 搭配：a kitchen cupboard 厨房橱柜；look in the cupboard 往橱柜里看；go through the cupboards 翻找橱柜 词转：cupboardful n. 一橱柜的量 例句：In the morning, I went through the cupboards. 翻译练习： 我妈妈把所有的餐具都放在厨房的橱柜里。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. fight /faɪt/ v. 打架；争斗（过去式fought，过去分词fought）；n. 打架 搭配：fight with sb./sth. 与……打架/争斗；fight for 为……而战；have a fight 打架 词转：fighter n. 战士；斗士；fighting adj. 战斗的；n. 战斗 例句：Then, I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. 翻译练习： 不要和你的弟弟为了玩具打架。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. nap /næp/ n. & v. 小睡；打盹 搭配：take a nap 小睡一会儿；have a nap 打个盹；a short nap 短暂的小睡 词转：nappy adj. 想睡的；napper n. 打盹的人/动物 例句：Now, I'm going to take a nap. 翻译练习： 我的奶奶每天下午都会小睡二十分钟。 _____________________________________________________________________ 10. overtime /ˌəʊvəˈtaɪm/ adv. / adj. / n. 加班（地）；超时的 搭配：work overtime 加班；overtime work 加班工作；do overtime 加班 词转：overtime v. 加班 例句：She works overtime every day. 翻译练习： 我的爸爸昨天加班到晚上十一点才回家。 _____________________________________________________________________ 11. lazybones /ˈleɪzibəʊnz/ n. 懒骨头（复数，口语化） 搭配：a lazybones 一个懒骨头；call sb. a lazybones 称某人为懒骨头 词转：lazy adj. 懒惰的；lazily adv. 懒惰地；laziness n. 懒惰 例句：Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers? 翻译练习： 别做懒骨头，快点完成你的家庭作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ 12. woolen /ˈwʊlən/ adj. 羊毛制的；毛线的 搭配：a woolen ball 毛线球；a woolen sweater 羊毛毛衣；woolen clothes 毛线衣服 词转：wool n. 羊毛；毛线；woolly adj. 毛茸茸的；羊毛制的（同woolen） 例句：Then, I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. 翻译练习： 我奶奶给我织(knit)了一件漂亮的红色毛线毛衣。 _____________________________________________________________________ 13. meow /miˈaʊ/ v. （猫）喵喵叫；n. 喵喵声 搭配：meow loudly 大声喵喵叫；give a meow 叫一声 词转：meower n. 喵喵叫的猫 例句：I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today. 翻译练习： 那只小猫饿了，一直在门口喵喵叫。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语精讲 1. stay up late 熬夜 词义：深夜不睡觉，熬夜 搭配：stay up late doing sth. 熬夜做某事；never stay up late 从不熬夜 例句：She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. 翻译练习： 我的姐姐经常熬夜看电影，这对她的眼睛不好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. take no notice of 不理睬；不注意 词义：对某人/某事视而不见，不加关注 搭配：take no notice of sb./sth. 不理睬某人/某物；take notice of 注意到 例句：But she takes no notice of me. 翻译练习： 他对我的建议完全不理睬，还是按照自己的想法做了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. go through 翻找；浏览 词义：仔细查看、翻找某物；快速浏览书籍/文件等 搭配：go through the cupboard 翻找橱柜；go through a book 浏览一本书；go through the bag 翻找包 例句：In the morning, I went through the cupboards. 翻译练习： 我翻找了整个房间，还是没找到我的学生证。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. fight with 与……打架/争斗 词义：和某人/某物发生争斗、打架 搭配：fight with sb. 与某人打架；fight with sth. 与某物争斗；fight with a dog 与狗打架 例句：Then, I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. 翻译练习： 那只大狗正在和一只小猫争夺一块骨头。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. on earth 究竟；到底（加强语气） 词义：用于疑问句中，加强语气，意为“究竟、到底” 搭配：who on earth 究竟是谁；what on earth 究竟是什么；where on earth 究竟在哪里 例句：Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers? 翻译练习： 你究竟为什么迟到了两个小时？ _____________________________________________________________________ 6. a matchbox-like thing 一个像火柴盒一样的东西 词义：外形类似火柴盒的物品（文中指手机） 搭配：名词+like+名词（表“像……一样的……”）；a cat-like animal 像猫一样的动物；a book-like box 像书一样的盒子 例句：She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. 翻译练习： 那个孩子手里拿着一个像兔子一样的玩具。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、语法 1. 一般现在时（表习惯性、经常性动作） 用法：描述主语反复发生的动作、习惯或客观状态，本文中猫咪吐槽主人的日常行为用该时态。 搭配：always/usually/often/every day 等频度副词/时间状语连用 例句：She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. 翻译练习： 我的猫每天早上七点起床，然后喝牛奶。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 一般过去时（表过去具体动作） 用法：记录日记中当天过去某个时间点发生的具体动作，是本文记录“当天经历”的主要时态。 搭配：具体过去时间状语（如five a.m. / yesterday）；不规则动词过去式需特殊记忆 例句：I went through the cupboards and fought with my old enemy. 翻译练习： 昨天，我和我的朋友去了动物园，看了老虎和熊猫。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 现在进行时（表正在进行的动作） 用法：描述某个具体时间点正在发生的动作，常与具体时间点、look/now 等词连用。 搭配：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing 形式；第一人称I用am，第三人称单数用is 例句：My human is still sleeping at 5 a.m. 翻译练习： 看！我的妈妈正在厨房里做饭，爸爸正在客厅看报纸。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）表目的 用法：说明动作的目的，意为“为了……”，通常放在句末，修饰前面的动作。 搭配：do sth. to do sth. 做某事是为了做另一件事；remind sb. not to do sth. 提醒某人不要做某事 例句：I'll just bite her hand to thank her. 翻译练习： 我每天努力学习，为了在考试中取得好成绩。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. there be 句型（表“存在有”） 用法：表示某地/某时存在某物或某事，区别于have/has（表“所属有”），本文用其否定形式表达猫咪的失望。 搭配：There is + 单数/不可数名词；There are + 复数名词；否定式在be后加not，some变any 例句：So there's no surprise today. 翻译练习： ① 桌子上有一杯果汁和两块蛋糕。② 冰箱里没有鸡蛋了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. what引导的感叹句（表强烈情绪） 用法：表达惊喜、愤怒、害怕等强烈情绪，结构为“What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词！”。 搭配：What a + 形容词 + 单数名词！；What + 形容词 + 不可数/复数名词！ 例句：What a surprising gift! 翻译练习： 这是一只多么可爱的小猫啊！ _____________________________________________________________________ 外刊精练 I. Complete each sentence with one given item from the box. Each item can be used only once. A. bite B. mindlessly C. frightening D. hang E. remind F. surprise 1. She ___________ followed the crowd without thinking about where they were going. 2. It was a nice ___________ to see my old friend at the café. 3. I set an alarm to ___________ myself to take my medicine. 4. The dark forest looked ___________ as the sun began to set. 5. I took a big ___________ of my sandwich and realized I had forgotten to put cheese in it. 6. Don't ___________ too many decorations on that old branch; it might break. II. Answer the questions. 1. When did the human go to sleep? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What did the cat think its human was trying to do at 5 a. m.? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. How did the human feel after the cat bit her hand? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the cat looking for in the cupboards? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. In your opinion, how did the cat feel at the end of the day? Why do you think so? _____________________________________________________________________ III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. What surprise will my human give me today? Let me guess...（合并为一句） Let me guess ___________ ___________ my human ___________ ___________ me today. 2. I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ times have you meowed to remind her that it's International Cat Day today? 3. But she takes no notice of me.（保持句意基本不变） But she ___________ ___________ ___________ notice of me. 4. I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ you ___________ with? 5. So there's no surprise today. （改为反义疑问句） So there's no surprise today, ___________ ___________? 6. her, hand, to, play, remind, phone, her, I, not, bit,to, with, her（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ IV. Retell the passage in your own words. 综合提升练 “Running” a Bookstore on Wheels Rita Collins lives in a small town in the U.S.A. The 70-year-old grandma had a dream of opening a second-hand bookstore. However, if she opened one in her town, only a small number of people would come to buy books. So Rita finally decided to put her bookstore on "wheels". To do this, Rita bought a large white van. She asked some workers to turn its back seats into shelves. These shelves could hold about 600 books. Since 2015, Rita and her traveling bookstore have been on the road and visited about 30 states. In the beginning, Rita got some used books from her friends and family. She planned to buy some more books after this first batch(一批) was sold. But it turned out that she didn't need to do that. Everywhere she went, people donated their used books to her. Besides, Rita has set up a typewriter for her customers. She encourages them to type their own stories on it and some people leave behind their stories. In this way, Rita has been able to read many interesting stories. While selling the stories in her books, she also enjoys receiving such stories from people! I. Complete each sentence with one given word from the box. Each word can be used only once. A. beginning B. customer C. donate D. encourage E. planning F. receive 1. She was excited to ___________ a letter from her pen pal. 2. Parents should ___________ their children to read more books. 3. The ___________ was pleased with the service at the restaurant. 4. Many people choose to ___________ money to help those in need. 5. At the ___________ of the meeting, everyone introduced themselves. 6. I'm ___________ a surprise party for my friend's birthday next month. II. Answer the questions. 1. What did Rita dream to do? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Rita open her bookstore in a van? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. How many books was Rita's bookstore able to hold? _____________________________________________________________________ 4.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to? _____________________________________________________________________ 5.What did people use the typewriter to do? _____________________________________________________________________ 6.Are you willing to buy books from Rita's bookstore? Give your reason(s). _____________________________________________________________________ III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1.Since 2015, Rita and her traveling bookstore have visited about 30 states.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ states have Rita and her traveling bookstore visited since 2015? 2.She planned to buy some more books after this first batch was sold.（改为否定句） She ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ more books after this first batch was sold. 3.Besides, Rita has set up a typewriter for her customers，（保持句意基本不变） ___________ ___________, Rita has set up a typewriter for her customers. 4.it，the，books，turned out，600，shelves，that，could，hold（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ What an Interesting Meal! My name is Laleh. I have a daughter named Charlie and a son named Jacob. One day in 2015, I turned my son’s pancake(煎饼) into a “lion” for a bit of fun. He loved it and asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy. Since then, I’ve been turning our meals into art pieces every week. These meals each take 25 to 40 minutes to make. I only use fresh and healthy foods to create them. I color some parts of the meals, but only with natural ingredients(原料), so everything is safe to eat. After watching the movie Turning Red (《青春变形记》), I fell in love with the main character, Meilin. I decided to make her the star of one of my meals. Firstly, I made her face out of mashed potatoes (土豆泥). Then, I colored her mouth with some watermelon juice. After that, I made her teeth from a boiled egg. Her hair was made out of eggplant(茄子). And I turned half an apple and some flatbread(扁面包) into her shirt. Lastly, I cut out her hairpin(发夹) from a piece of cucumber and added other decorations. My little ones love these interesting meals. Charlie always gives me suggestions on how I can make the characters even more vivid. Jacob likes to discuss with me what ingredients I should use. I really enjoy making these pieces with their help! I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. The leaves were ___________ brown. (turn) 2. She ___________ a beautiful painting using bright colors. (create) 3. We used fresh fruits as ___________ to make a healthy smoothie. (ingredient) 4. They hung colorful lights for the party ___________. (decorate) 5. The park looks so peaceful with its ___________ trees and flowers. (nature) 6. Mom is ___________ water to cook noodles for lunch. (boil) II. Choose the best answer. 1. Why did Laleh start making artistic meals? A. To sell them online. B. To become a famous chef. C. To teach her kids cooking skills. D. To create interesting meals for her son after he asked for them. 2. How long does it usually take Laleh to make one art meal? A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Ten to fifteen minutes. D. Twenty-five to forty minutes. 3. What did Laleh use to make Meilin’s hair in the Turning Red meal? A. Eggplants. B. Flatbread. C. Boiled eggs. D. Watermelon juice. 4. What is the main message of the story? A. Kids should learn to cook alone. B. Food art is only for professional chefs. C. Cooking requires expensive ingredients. D. Creativity can make everyday activities fun. III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. I turned my son’s pancake into a “lion” for a bit of fun. (改为否定句) I ___________ ___________ my son’s pancake into a “lion” for a bit of fun. 2. He asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy. (改为直接引语) He asked me, “___________ ___________ make ___________ a character from a movie, book or toy?” 3. Jacob likes to discuss with me what ingredients I should use. (改为简单句) Jacob likes to discuss with me what ingredients ___________ ___________. 4. main, the, character, after, fell in love with, watching, movie, I, the (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第6讲 外刊阅读之人与自我 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 Painting by Bike Do you like cycling? Do you use GPS to record your rides? Antony Hoyte does. And he uses the GPS of his cycling routes to make paintings! On November 13, 2021, Antony cycled 107 kilometers throughout London in eight and a half hours. He "painted" a GPS drawing of a man and named him "Mr. Movember." It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing by bicycle within twelve hours. Cycling is one of Antony's favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation. In 2016, he started making GPS paintings with his bike. He also decided to "paint" a picture for a mental(精神的) health charity called Movember. Antony said he used to have some mental health problems himself. He wanted to raise money and awareness(意识) for men's mental health. Antony was glad that many people liked his idea and "paintings." People call him "Pedaling Picasso(骑行毕加索)." He also received a lot of donations(捐赠物). This cyclist thanked everyone for their love and support. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. cycle /ˈsaɪkl/ v. 骑自行车；n. 自行车 搭配：cycle 107 kilometers 骑行107公里；go cycling 去骑自行车 词转：cyclist n. 骑自行车的人（文章中“This cyclist”指Antony） 例句：Antony cycled throughout London on November 13, 2021. 翻译练习： 周末我喜欢和朋友一起骑自行车去公园。 _____________________________________________________________________ I like cycling to the park with my friends on weekends. 2. record /rɪˈkɔːd/ v. 记录；/ˈrekɔːd/ n. 记录 搭配：record rides 记录骑行；break a record 打破纪录 词转：recorder n. 记录者；录音机 例句：Do you use GPS to record your rides? 翻译练习： 这个运动员打破了100米赛跑的世界纪录。 _____________________________________________________________________ This athlete broke the world record for the 100-meter race. 3. route /ruːt/ n. 路线 搭配：cycling routes 骑行路线；a GPS route GPS路线 例句：He uses the GPS of his cycling routes to make paintings. 翻译练习： 我们需要规划一条去博物馆的新路线。 _____________________________________________________________________ We need to plan a new route to the museum. 4. relaxation /ˌriːlækˈseɪʃn/ n. 放松；休息 搭配：get relaxation 获得放松；a way of relaxation 一种放松方式 词转：relax v. 放松；relaxed adj. 放松的（修饰人）；relaxing adj. 令人放松的（修饰物） 例句：Cycling helps Antony get exercise and relaxation. 翻译练习： 听音乐是我最喜欢的放松方式之一。 _____________________________________________________________________ Listening to music is one of my favorite ways of relaxation. 5. charity /ˈtʃærəti/ n. 慈善机构；慈善 搭配：a mental health charity 心理健康慈善机构；do charity 做慈善 例句：He painted a picture for a charity called Movember. 翻译练习： 很多人向这个慈善机构捐赠了书籍和衣物。 _____________________________________________________________________ Many people donated books and clothes to this charity. 6. raise /reɪz/ v. 筹集；提升；举起 搭配：raise money 筹款；raise awareness 提高意识；raise one’s hand 举手 例句：He wanted to raise money and awareness for men’s mental health. 翻译练习： 我们举办了一场义卖活动，为贫困儿童筹款。 _____________________________________________________________________ We held a charity sale to raise money for poor children. 7. donation /doʊˈneɪʃn/ n. 捐赠物；捐赠 搭配：receive donations 收到捐赠；make a donation 进行捐赠 词转：donate v. 捐赠（donate money 捐钱） 例句：Antony received a lot of donations for the charity. 翻译练习： 这家医院收到了很多来自公众的医疗物资捐赠。 _____________________________________________________________________ This hospital received many donations of medical supplies from the public. 8. support /səˈpɔːrt/ n. /v. 支持 搭配：give support 给予支持；support sb. 支持某人 例句：Antony thanked everyone for their love and support. 翻译练习： 我的父母一直支持我追求自己的梦想。 _____________________________________________________________________ My parents have always supported me in pursuing my dream. 二、重点短语 1. use ... to do sth. 用……做某事 用法：表示“借助某工具/方式完成某个动作” 文章原句：He uses the GPS of his cycling routes to make paintings! 翻译练习： 我们用手机来拍照和联系朋友。 _____________________________________________________________________ We use mobile phones to take photos and contact friends. 2. break the Guinness World Record 打破吉尼斯世界纪录 用法：“break”后接“record”表示“打破纪录”，“Guinness World Record”是固定专有名词 文章原句：It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing by bicycle. 翻译练习： 这个10岁的女孩打破了魔方还原的吉尼斯世界纪录。 _____________________________________________________________________ This 10-year-old girl broke the Guinness World Record for solving a Rubik’s Cube. 3. used to do sth. 过去常常做某事 用法：表示“过去的习惯性动作，现在已不做”，否定形式为“didn’t use to” 文章原句：Antony said he used to have some mental health problems himself. 翻译练习： 我小时候常常在这条河里游泳，但现在河水变脏了。 _____________________________________________________________________ I used to swim in this river when I was a kid, but now the water has become dirty. 4. thank sb. for sth. 因某事感谢某人 用法：“for”后接感谢的原因（名词/动名词） 文章原句：This cyclist thanked everyone for their love and support. 翻译练习： 我想感谢我的老师，因为他给了我很多学习上的帮助。 _____________________________________________________________________ I want to thank my teacher for giving me a lot of help with my studies. 三、关键句型 1. Do you ...? Do you ...? sb. does. （你是否……？你是否……？某人是这样的） 用法：用“sb. does”承接上文的两个问句，表“某人符合前文描述”，用于引出人物特点 文章原句：Do you like cycling? Do you use GPS to record your rides? Antony Hoyte does. 仿写练习：你喜欢阅读吗？你喜欢写故事吗？我的妹妹是这样的。 _____________________________________________________________________ Do you like reading? Do you like writing stories? My sister does. 2. It broke the record for ... 它打破了……的纪录 用法：“for”后接“纪录对应的具体内容”，说明打破的是哪方面的纪录 文章原句：It broke the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing by bicycle within twelve hours. 仿写练习：这个团队打破了“24小时内搭建最高乐高塔”的纪录。 _____________________________________________________________________ This team broke the record for the tallest Lego tower built in 24 hours. 3. sb. was glad that ... 某人很高兴…… 用法：“that”后接宾语从句，表“某人因某事感到高兴” 文章原句：Antony was glad that many people liked his idea and “paintings.” 仿写练习：我很高兴我的朋友能来参加我的生日派对。 _____________________________________________________________________ I was glad that my friend could come to my birthday party. 四、语法 （一）一般过去时（文章主要时态） 1. 用法 描述过去发生的动作或事件，文章中所有具体行为（骑行、创作、打破纪录等）均用一般过去时。 2. 文章原句 On November 13, 2021, Antony cycled 107 kilometers throughout London. He named him "Mr. Movember." It broke the Guinness World Record. In 2016, he started making GPS paintings with his bike. 3. 核心规则 规则动词，直接加-ed： cycle → cycled；start → started 规则动词（e结尾） ：加-d | name → named 不规则动词特殊变化： break → broke；make → made 4. 否定句/疑问句拓展 否定句：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形（如：Antony didn’t want to give up.） 疑问句：Did + 主语 + 动词原形（如：Did Antony cycle in London?） （二）some / any 的用法区别 1. 用法 均表示“一些”，修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词，肯定句用some，否定句/疑问句用any。 2. 文章/考题关联 肯定句：He wanted to raise some money.（原文隐含） 否定句：Antony didn’t want to have any mental health problems himself.（考题改写） （三）介词for的多重用法（文章高频） 1. 用法1：表“目的”，意为“为了” 文章原句：He painted a picture for a mental health charity. 拓展：raise money for mental health（为心理健康筹款） 2. 用法2：表“持续时间” 文章原句：He cycled 107 kilometers for eight and a half hours. 3. 用法3：表“对于” 文章原句：the Guinness World Record for the largest GPS drawing（针对最大GPS画作的纪录） 外刊精练 I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. I'm going to spend the weekend just __________. (relaxation) 2. She has to make some very difficult __________. (decide) 3. The __________ will be put on public display next week. (paint) 4. This booklet provides __________ information about local services. (use) 5. Fresh fruit and vegetables form an important part of a(n) __________ diet. (health) 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：relaxing 解析：空格前是“just”，需填形容词/动名词作表语；“relaxation”是名词，其形容词形式为“relaxing”（令人放松的），“spend the weekend relaxing”表示“周末放松一下”，符合语境。 2. 答案：decisions 解析：空格前是“very difficult”，需填名词；“decide”是动词，其名词形式为“decision”（决定），且“some”后接可数名词复数，故填“decisions”。 3. 答案：painting(s) 解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，需填名词；“paint”是动词，其名词形式为“painting”（画作），单复数均可（“the painting”表特指某幅；“the paintings”表多幅），符合“公开展示的画作”的句意。 4. 答案：useful 解析：空格前是“provides”，后接名词“information”，需填形容词修饰；“use”是动词，其形容词形式为“useful”（有用的），“useful information”表示“有用的信息”。 5. 答案：healthy 解析：空格前是“a(n)”，后接名词“diet”，需填形容词修饰；“health”是名词，其形容词形式为“healthy”（健康的），“a healthy diet”表示“健康的饮食”。 II. Answer the questions. 1. How far did Antony cycle throughout London on November 13,2021? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What's the name of Antony's GPS drawing of a man? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What's the benefit of cycling for Antony? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why did Antony make GPS paintings with his bike? _____________________________________________________________________ 5.What do you think of Antony Hoyte the cyclist? Why? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：107 kilometers. 解析：定位文章第二段“On November 13, 2021, Antony cycled 107 kilometers throughout London...”，直接提取骑行距离。 2. 答案：“Mr. Movember.” 解析：根据文章第二段“He ‘painted’ a GPS drawing of a man and named him ‘Mr. Movember’”，直接引用画作名称。 3. 答案：Cycling enables him to get both exercise and relaxation. 解析：文章第三段明确提到“Cycling is one of Antony’s favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation”，直接总结骑行对他的好处。 4. 答案：Because he wanted to raise money and awareness for men’s mental health. / To raise money and awareness for men’s mental health. 解析：文章第三段指出“He wanted to raise money and awareness for men’s mental health”，这是他用自行车创作GPS画作的目的，直接提取原因即可。 5. 答案：I think he is creative because he came up with the idea of riding a bicycle to create a GPS drawing of a man. I also think he is kind because he did this to help people with mental health problems. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，可从“创意（creative）”“善良（kind）”等角度作答，结合文章中“用骑行画GPS图案”“为心理健康慈善机构筹款”等细节，言之有理即可。 III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Cycling is one of Antony's favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation. (反义疑问句) Cycling is one of Antony's favorite hobbies for getting both exercise and relaxation, __________ __________? 2.Antony wanted to have some mental health problems himself.（改为一般否定句） Antony __________ __________ to have __________ mental health problems himself. 3.I，the，morning，to，in，up，used，late，get（连词成句） ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：isn’t it 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”原则，原句是肯定句（“Cycling is one of Antony’s favorite hobbies...”），主语是“Cycling”（单数），疑问部分用“isn’t it”。 2. 答案：didn't want；any 解析：原句是一般过去时的肯定句，谓语动词是实义动词“wanted”，改为否定句需借助助动词“did”+“not”（缩写为“didn't”），后接动词原形“want”。肯定句中的“some”在否定句中需改为“any”。 3. 答案：I used to get up late in the morning. 解析：首先确定核心短语“used to do sth.”（过去常常做某事）和“get up late”（起床晚）；主语是“I”，按“主语+used to + 动词短语 + 时间状语”的语序整合，句首单词首字母大写即可。 IV. Retell the passage in your own words. Antony Hoyte likes cycling and uses GPS to record his rides. He even makes paintings with his cycling routes! On November 13, 2021, Antony cycled 107 kilometers in London for 8 and a half hours. He "painted" a GPS drawing of a man named "Mr. Movember" and broke the Guinness World Record. Cycling gives Antony exercise and relaxation. He started making GPS paintings in 2016. He did this for a mental health charity called Movember because he used to have mental health problems himself. He wanted to raise money and awareness for men's mental health. Many people liked his idea and called him "Pedaling Picasso". Antony received a lot of donations and thanked everyone for their support. Passage 02 外刊精讲 A Cat's Diary Today is August 8. It is International Cat Day. What surprise will my human give me today? Let me guess … 5 a. m. My human is still sleeping. After all, she went to bed only four hours ago. She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. Wait. Her hand is hanging from her bed. Is she trying to play with me? What a surprising gift! I'll just bite her hand to thank her. 7 a. m. I'm honestly done with my human. Her small brain can't even understand love! Two hours ago, I tried to thank her for her kind Cat Day gift with a friendly bite. But I was wrong. It was not a gift at all. She shouted at me. It was so frightening! 8 a. m. Finally, my human gets up. I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today. But she takes no notice of me. She just mindlessly pours something into my bowl. She's in a hurry every morning. 3 p. m. I'm busy today. In the morning, I went through the cupboards. I saw my human put some food there last night. Then,I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. Now, I'm going to take a nap. 9 p. m. My human comes in. She works overtime every day, but… does she work hard? If she works hard, she should be rich. Then, why doesn't she buy me some tastier food—at least on this special day? 12 a. m. My human climbs into her bed and starts to play with that matchbox-like thing. Okay, so there's no surprise today. Meow!!! Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers? 一、核心词汇精讲 1. surprise /sə(r)praɪz/ n. 惊喜；v. 使惊讶 搭配：give sb. a surprise 给某人惊喜；a big surprise 一个大惊喜；in surprise 惊讶地 词转：surprised adj. 感到惊讶的（修饰人/动物）；surprising adj. 令人惊讶的（修饰事物） 例句：What surprise will my human give me today? 翻译练习： 我的朋友在我生日那天给了我一个惊喜。 _____________________________________________________________________ My friend gave me a surprise on my birthday. 2. hang /hæŋ/ v. 悬挂；垂落（过去式hung，过去分词hung） 搭配：hang from... 从……垂下来；hang up 挂起来；hang on 稍等 词转：hanger n. 衣架 例句：Her hand is hanging from her bed. 翻译练习： 一件红色的连衣裙正从衣柜里垂下来。 _____________________________________________________________________ A red dress is hanging from the wardrobe. 3. bite /baɪt/ v. 咬（过去式bit，过去分词bitten）；n. 一口 搭配：bite sb.'s hand 咬某人的手；take a bite of sth. 咬一口某物；bite into 咬进…… 词转：bitten adj. 被咬的；biter n. 咬人的动物/人 例句：I'll just bite her hand to thank her. 翻译练习： 那只小猫轻轻地咬了我的手指。 _____________________________________________________________________ That little cat bit my finger gently. 4. frightening /ˈfraɪtnɪŋ/ adj. 令人害怕的 搭配：a frightening sound 令人害怕的声音；frightening news 令人惊恐的消息 词转：frighten v. 使害怕；frightened adj. 感到害怕的（修饰人/动物）；fright n. 恐惧 例句：It was so frightening! 翻译练习： 夜晚，森林里传来令人害怕的叫声。 _____________________________________________________________________ At night, a frightening cry came from the forest. 5. remind /rɪˈmaɪnd/ v. 提醒 搭配：remind sb. that... 提醒某人……；remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事；remind sb. of sth. 使某人想起某事 词转：reminder n. 提醒物；提示 例句：I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today. 翻译练习： 我设置了一个便签来提醒自己明天去图书馆。 _____________________________________________________________________ I set a note to remind myself to go to the library tomorrow. 6. mindlessly /ˈmaɪndləsli/ adv. 无意识地；漫不经心地 搭配：do sth. mindlessly 漫不经心地做某事；eat mindlessly 不假思索地吃 词转：mindless adj. 漫不经心的；无意识的；mind n. 头脑；v. 介意 例句：She just mindlessly pours something into my bowl. 翻译练习： 他漫不经心地翻着书，没有看进去任何内容。 _____________________________________________________________________ He flipped through the book mindlessly and didn't read anything. 7. cupboard /ˈkʌbəd/ n. 橱柜；碗柜 搭配：a kitchen cupboard 厨房橱柜；look in the cupboard 往橱柜里看；go through the cupboards 翻找橱柜 词转：cupboardful n. 一橱柜的量 例句：In the morning, I went through the cupboards. 翻译练习： 我妈妈把所有的餐具都放在厨房的橱柜里。 _____________________________________________________________________ My mom puts all the tableware in the kitchen cupboard. 8. fight /faɪt/ v. 打架；争斗（过去式fought，过去分词fought）；n. 打架 搭配：fight with sb./sth. 与……打架/争斗；fight for 为……而战；have a fight 打架 词转：fighter n. 战士；斗士；fighting adj. 战斗的；n. 战斗 例句：Then, I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. 翻译练习： 不要和你的弟弟为了玩具打架。 _____________________________________________________________________ Don't fight with your brother for toys. 9. nap /næp/ n. & v. 小睡；打盹 搭配：take a nap 小睡一会儿；have a nap 打个盹；a short nap 短暂的小睡 词转：nappy adj. 想睡的；napper n. 打盹的人/动物 例句：Now, I'm going to take a nap. 翻译练习： 我的奶奶每天下午都会小睡二十分钟。 _____________________________________________________________________ My grandma takes a nap for twenty minutes every afternoon. 10. overtime /ˌəʊvəˈtaɪm/ adv. / adj. / n. 加班（地）；超时的 搭配：work overtime 加班；overtime work 加班工作；do overtime 加班 词转：overtime v. 加班 例句：She works overtime every day. 翻译练习： 我的爸爸昨天加班到晚上十一点才回家。 _____________________________________________________________________ My dad worked overtime and didn't go home until eleven o'clock last night. 11. lazybones /ˈleɪzibəʊnz/ n. 懒骨头（复数，口语化） 搭配：a lazybones 一个懒骨头；call sb. a lazybones 称某人为懒骨头 词转：lazy adj. 懒惰的；lazily adv. 懒惰地；laziness n. 懒惰 例句：Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers? 翻译练习： 别做懒骨头，快点完成你的家庭作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ Don't be a lazybones; finish your homework quickly. 12. woolen /ˈwʊlən/ adj. 羊毛制的；毛线的 搭配：a woolen ball 毛线球；a woolen sweater 羊毛毛衣；woolen clothes 毛线衣服 词转：wool n. 羊毛；毛线；woolly adj. 毛茸茸的；羊毛制的（同woolen） 例句：Then, I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. 翻译练习： 我奶奶给我织(knit)了一件漂亮的红色毛线毛衣。 _____________________________________________________________________ My grandma knitted a beautiful red woolen sweater for me. 13. meow /miˈaʊ/ v. （猫）喵喵叫；n. 喵喵声 搭配：meow loudly 大声喵喵叫；give a meow 叫一声 词转：meower n. 喵喵叫的猫 例句：I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today. 翻译练习： 那只小猫饿了，一直在门口喵喵叫。 _____________________________________________________________________ That little cat is hungry and keeps meowing at the door. 二、重点短语精讲 1. stay up late 熬夜 词义：深夜不睡觉，熬夜 搭配：stay up late doing sth. 熬夜做某事；never stay up late 从不熬夜 例句：She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. 翻译练习： 我的姐姐经常熬夜看电影，这对她的眼睛不好。 _____________________________________________________________________ My sister often stays up late watching movies, which is bad for her eyes. 2. take no notice of 不理睬；不注意 词义：对某人/某事视而不见，不加关注 搭配：take no notice of sb./sth. 不理睬某人/某物；take notice of 注意到 例句：But she takes no notice of me. 翻译练习： 他对我的建议完全不理睬，还是按照自己的想法做了。 _____________________________________________________________________ He took no notice of my advice and still did it according to his own idea. 3. go through 翻找；浏览 词义：仔细查看、翻找某物；快速浏览书籍/文件等 搭配：go through the cupboard 翻找橱柜；go through a book 浏览一本书；go through the bag 翻找包 例句：In the morning, I went through the cupboards. 翻译练习： 我翻找了整个房间，还是没找到我的学生证。 _____________________________________________________________________ I went through the whole room, but I still didn't find my student ID card. 4. fight with 与……打架/争斗 词义：和某人/某物发生争斗、打架 搭配：fight with sb. 与某人打架；fight with sth. 与某物争斗；fight with a dog 与狗打架 例句：Then, I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball. 翻译练习： 那只大狗正在和一只小猫争夺一块骨头。 _____________________________________________________________________ That big dog is fighting with a little cat for a bone. 5. on earth 究竟；到底（加强语气） 词义：用于疑问句中，加强语气，意为“究竟、到底” 搭配：who on earth 究竟是谁；what on earth 究竟是什么；where on earth 究竟在哪里 例句：Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers? 翻译练习： 你究竟为什么迟到了两个小时？ _____________________________________________________________________ Why on earth were you late for two hours? 6. a matchbox-like thing 一个像火柴盒一样的东西 词义：外形类似火柴盒的物品（文中指手机） 搭配：名词+like+名词（表“像……一样的……”）；a cat-like animal 像猫一样的动物；a book-like box 像书一样的盒子 例句：She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. 翻译练习： 那个孩子手里拿着一个像兔子一样的玩具。 _____________________________________________________________________ That child is holding a rabbit-like toy in his hand. 三、语法 1. 一般现在时（表习惯性、经常性动作） 用法：描述主语反复发生的动作、习惯或客观状态，本文中猫咪吐槽主人的日常行为用该时态。 搭配：always/usually/often/every day 等频度副词/时间状语连用 例句：She always stays up late playing with a matchbox-like thing. 翻译练习： 我的猫每天早上七点起床，然后喝牛奶。 _____________________________________________________________________ My cat gets up at seven o'clock every morning and then drinks milk. 2. 一般过去时（表过去具体动作） 用法：记录日记中当天过去某个时间点发生的具体动作，是本文记录“当天经历”的主要时态。 搭配：具体过去时间状语（如five a.m. / yesterday）；不规则动词过去式需特殊记忆 例句：I went through the cupboards and fought with my old enemy. 翻译练习： 昨天，我和我的朋友去了动物园，看了老虎和熊猫。 _____________________________________________________________________ Yesterday, my friend and I went to the zoo and saw tigers and pandas. 3. 现在进行时（表正在进行的动作） 用法：描述某个具体时间点正在发生的动作，常与具体时间点、look/now 等词连用。 搭配：主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing 形式；第一人称I用am，第三人称单数用is 例句：My human is still sleeping at 5 a.m. 翻译练习： 看！我的妈妈正在厨房里做饭，爸爸正在客厅看报纸。 _____________________________________________________________________ Look! My mom is cooking in the kitchen and my dad is reading a newspaper in the living room. 4. 动词不定式（to + 动词原形）表目的 用法：说明动作的目的，意为“为了……”，通常放在句末，修饰前面的动作。 搭配：do sth. to do sth. 做某事是为了做另一件事；remind sb. not to do sth. 提醒某人不要做某事 例句：I'll just bite her hand to thank her. 翻译练习： 我每天努力学习，为了在考试中取得好成绩。 _____________________________________________________________________ I study hard every day to get good grades in the exam. 5. there be 句型（表“存在有”） 用法：表示某地/某时存在某物或某事，区别于have/has（表“所属有”），本文用其否定形式表达猫咪的失望。 搭配：There is + 单数/不可数名词；There are + 复数名词；否定式在be后加not，some变any 例句：So there's no surprise today. 翻译练习： ① 桌子上有一杯果汁和两块蛋糕。② 冰箱里没有鸡蛋了。 _____________________________________________________________________ ① There is a glass of juice and two pieces of cake on the desk. ② There aren't any eggs in the fridge. 6. what引导的感叹句（表强烈情绪） 用法：表达惊喜、愤怒、害怕等强烈情绪，结构为“What + a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词！”。 搭配：What a + 形容词 + 单数名词！；What + 形容词 + 不可数/复数名词！ 例句：What a surprising gift! 翻译练习： 这是一只多么可爱的小猫啊！ _____________________________________________________________________ What a cute little cat it is! 外刊精练 I. Complete each sentence with one given item from the box. Each item can be used only once. A. bite B. mindlessly C. frightening D. hang E. remind F. surprise 1. She ___________ followed the crowd without thinking about where they were going. 2. It was a nice ___________ to see my old friend at the café. 3. I set an alarm to ___________ myself to take my medicine. 4. The dark forest looked ___________ as the sun began to set. 5. I took a big ___________ of my sandwich and realized I had forgotten to put cheese in it. 6. Don't ___________ too many decorations on that old branch; it might break. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：空格后是动词“followed”，需填副词修饰；“mindlessly”意为“无意识地；不假思索地”，与后文“without thinking”（没思考）相呼应，符合“她跟着人群走，没想过要去哪里”的句意。 2. 答案：F 解析：空格前是“a nice”，需填可数名词单数；“surprise”意为“惊喜”，固定搭配“a nice surprise”（一个美好的惊喜），符合“在咖啡馆见到老朋友是个惊喜”的语境。 3. 答案：E 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形构成不定式；“remind”意为“提醒”，固定搭配“remind sb. to do sth.”（提醒某人做某事），对应“设闹钟提醒自己吃药”的逻辑。 4. 答案：C 解析：空格前是系动词“looked”，需填形容词作表语；“frightening”意为“令人害怕的”，修饰事物（the dark forest），符合“太阳落山时，黑暗的森林看起来很吓人”的描述。 5. 答案：A 解析：空格前是“a big”，需填可数名词单数；“bite”作名词时意为“一口”，固定搭配“take a bite of sth.”（咬一口某物），对应“咬了一大口三明治，发现忘加奶酪”的句意。 6. 答案：D解析：空格前是“Don't”，需填动词原形；“hang”意为“悬挂”，符合“别在老树枝上挂太多装饰品，它可能会断”的语境。 II. Answer the questions. 1. When did the human go to sleep? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What did the cat think its human was trying to do at 5 a. m.? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. How did the human feel after the cat bit her hand? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What was the cat looking for in the cupboards? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. In your opinion, how did the cat feel at the end of the day? Why do you think so? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：At 1 a.m. 解析：根据文章“5 a.m.”段落中“My human is still sleeping. After all, she went to bed only four hours ago.”可知，凌晨5点时主人睡了4小时，由此推算主人是凌晨1点上床睡觉的。 2. 答案：The cat thought the human was trying to play with it. 解析：定位“5 a.m.”段落中“Her hand is hanging from her bed. Is she trying to play with me?”，直接提取猫咪的想法即可。 3. 答案：She felt angry. 解析：从“7 a.m.”段落中“She shouted at me.”（她对我大喊大叫）可推断，主人被猫咪咬了手后感到生气，才会大喊。 4. 答案：It was looking for food. 解析：根据“3 p.m.”段落中“In the morning, I went through the cupboards. I saw my human put some food there last night.”可知，猫咪翻橱柜是因为看到主人昨晚在那里放了食物，因此它是在找食物。 5. 答案：I think the cat felt disappointed and a little angry because its human didn’t notice that it was a special day and didn’t prepare any surprise for it. 解析：本题为开放性问题，需结合文章结尾分析猫咪的心情。从文末“Okay, so there's no surprise today. Meow!!! Who on earth called these lazybones great cat lovers?”能看出，猫咪因主人没记住国际猫咪日、没准备惊喜，感到失望又有点生气，结合这一细节作答即可。 III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. What surprise will my human give me today? Let me guess...（合并为一句） Let me guess ___________ ___________ my human ___________ ___________ me today. 2. I have meowed six times to remind her that it's International Cat Day today.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ times have you meowed to remind her that it's International Cat Day today? 3. But she takes no notice of me.（保持句意基本不变） But she ___________ ___________ ___________ notice of me. 4. I fought with my old enemy, the red woolen ball.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ you ___________ with? 5. So there's no surprise today. （改为反义疑问句） So there's no surprise today, ___________ ___________? 6. her, hand, to, play, remind, phone, her, I, not, bit,to, with, her（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：what surprise; will give 解析：原句是两个简单句，合并为宾语从句，需将特殊疑问句“What surprise will my human give me today?”作为“guess”的宾语。宾语从句用陈述语序（主语+谓语），因此变为“what surprise my human will give me today”。 2. 答案：How many 解析：划线部分“six”是数量，修饰可数名词复数“times”，对可数名词的数量提问用How many（多少）。 3. 答案：doesn’t take any 解析：“take no notice of sb.”（不理睬某人）的同义表达为“don’t take any notice of sb.”；原句主语是“she”（第三人称单数），时态为一般现在时，因此助动词用“doesn’t”，“no”替换为“any”。 4. 答案：Who/What did; fight 解析：划线部分“my old enemy, the red woolen ball”是“fought with”的对象，指物，可用Who/What提问；原句是一般过去时，谓语为实义动词“fought”，需借助助动词“did”，后接动词原形“fight”。 5. 答案：is there 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”原则，原句中“no”表示否定含义，因此疑问部分用肯定形式；原句是“there be”句型的一般现在时，主语为“no surprise”，疑问部分结构为“be动词（is）+ there”。 6. 答案：I bit her hand to remind her not to play with her phone. 解析：首先确定核心结构：主句：I bit her hand（我咬了她的手）；目的状语：to remind her not to play with her phone（提醒她不要玩她的手机），其中“remind sb. not to do sth.”（提醒某人不要做某事）是固定搭配；按“主句 + 目的状语”的语序整合，句首单词首字母大写，标点用句号即可。 IV. Retell the passage in your own words. Today is August 8, International Cat Day. A cat is waiting for a surprise from its human. At 5 a.m., the human is sleeping, and her hand is hanging from the bed. The cat thinks she wants to play, so it bites her hand to thank her. At 7 a.m., the human shouts at the cat. The cat feels frightened and realizes it's not a gift. At 8 a.m., the human gets up. The cat meows six times to remind her of the special day, but she takes no notice and pours food into the bowl mindlessly. At 3 p.m., the cat goes through the cupboards for food, fights with a red woolen ball, and then takes a nap. At 9 p.m., the cat sees the human come home from work and complains she doesn't buy tastier food. At 12 a.m., the human plays with a matchbox-like thing again. The cat is very disappointed because there's no surprise at all. 综合提升练 “Running” a Bookstore on Wheels Rita Collins lives in a small town in the U.S.A. The 70-year-old grandma had a dream of opening a second-hand bookstore. However, if she opened one in her town, only a small number of people would come to buy books. So Rita finally decided to put her bookstore on "wheels". To do this, Rita bought a large white van. She asked some workers to turn its back seats into shelves. These shelves could hold about 600 books. Since 2015, Rita and her traveling bookstore have been on the road and visited about 30 states. In the beginning, Rita got some used books from her friends and family. She planned to buy some more books after this first batch(一批) was sold. But it turned out that she didn't need to do that. Everywhere she went, people donated their used books to her. Besides, Rita has set up a typewriter for her customers. She encourages them to type their own stories on it and some people leave behind their stories. In this way, Rita has been able to read many interesting stories. While selling the stories in her books, she also enjoys receiving such stories from people! I. Complete each sentence with one given word from the box. Each word can be used only once. A. beginning B. customer C. donate D. encourage E. planning F. receive 1. She was excited to ___________ a letter from her pen pal. 2. Parents should ___________ their children to read more books. 3. The ___________ was pleased with the service at the restaurant. 4. Many people choose to ___________ money to help those in need. 5. At the ___________ of the meeting, everyone introduced themselves. 6. I'm ___________ a surprise party for my friend's birthday next month. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：F 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形；“receive”意为“收到；接到”，固定搭配“receive a letter from sb.”（收到某人的来信），符合“她收到笔友的信很兴奋”的句意。 2. 答案：D 解析：空格前是“should”，需填动词原形；“encourage”意为“鼓励”，核心搭配“encourage sb. to do sth.”（鼓励某人做某事），对应“父母应该鼓励孩子多读书”的逻辑。 3. 答案：B 解析：空格前是“The”，后接系动词“was”，需填可数名词单数；“customer”意为“顾客”，符合“这位顾客对餐厅的服务很满意”的语境。 4. 答案：C 解析：空格前是“to”，需填动词原形；“donate”意为“捐赠；捐献”，固定搭配“donate money to sb./sth.”（捐钱给……），对应“很多人选择捐钱帮助有需要的人”的句意。 5. 答案：A 解析：空格前是“the”，后接“of the meeting”，需填名词；“beginning”意为“开始；开端”，固定短语“at the beginning of...”（在……的开始），符合“会议开始时，每个人都做了自我介绍”的场景。 6. 答案：E 解析：空格前是“I'm”（I am），需填动词-ing形式构成现在进行时；“planning”是“plan”的现在分词，意为“计划；筹备”，核心搭配“plan to do sth.”（计划做某事），对应“我正计划为朋友下个月的生日办一场惊喜派对”的句意。 II. Answer the questions. 1. What did Rita dream to do? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why did Rita open her bookstore in a van? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. How many books was Rita's bookstore able to hold? _____________________________________________________________________ 4.What does the underlined word "that" in paragraph 3 refer to? _____________________________________________________________________ 5.What did people use the typewriter to do? _____________________________________________________________________ 6.Are you willing to buy books from Rita's bookstore? Give your reason(s). _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：She dreamed to open a second-hand bookstore. 解析：根据文章第一段“The 70-year-old grandma had a dream of opening a second-hand bookstore.”可知，Rita的梦想是开一家二手书店，直接提取核心信息即可。 2. 答案：Because she wanted to reach more people and attract more customers to buy her books. 解析：从文章第一段“However, if she opened one in her town, only a small number of people would come to buy books. So Rita finally decided to put her bookstore on 'wheels'.”可推断，她把书店开在面包车里，是因为镇上开店只有少数人来买书，而移动书店能接触更多人、吸引更多顾客。 3. 答案：It could hold about 600 books. 解析：定位文章第二段“These shelves could hold about 600 books.”，直接提取书架可容纳的书籍数量，注意主语替换为“It”（指代Rita's bookstore）。 4. 答案：It refers to buying some more books. 解析：文章第三段提到“She planned to buy some more books after this first batch was sold. But it turned out that she didn't need to do that.”，前一句说明她计划第一批书卖完后再买更多书，后一句的“that”指代前文提到的“buy some more books”这一计划。 5. 答案：They used the typewriter to leave behind their stories. 解析：根据文章第四段“She encourages them to type their own stories on it and some people leave behind their stories.”可知，人们用打字机写下并留下自己的故事，整合信息即可。 6. 答案：Yes, I am, because I love the idea of a traveling bookstore and I want to support her business. / No, I’m not, because I prefer to buy new books instead of second-hand ones. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：开放性问题，可从“支持移动书店的创意、喜欢二手书、想感受独特的购书体验”等角度回答肯定，或从“偏爱新书、习惯线上购书”等角度回答否定，言之有理即可。 III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1.Since 2015, Rita and her traveling bookstore have visited about 30 states.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ states have Rita and her traveling bookstore visited since 2015? 2.She planned to buy some more books after this first batch was sold.（改为否定句） She ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ more books after this first batch was sold. 3.Besides, Rita has set up a typewriter for her customers，（保持句意基本不变） ___________ ___________, Rita has set up a typewriter for her customers. 4.it，the，books，turned out，600，shelves，that，could，hold（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：How many 解析：划线部分“about 30”是数量，修饰可数名词复数“states”，对可数名词的数量提问需用How many（多少），注意首字母大写。 2. 答案：didn’t plan to buy any 解析：① 原句是一般过去时的肯定句，谓语动词是实义动词“planned”，改为否定句需借助助动词“did”+“not”（缩写为“didn’t”），后接动词原形“plan”；② 原句中的“some”在否定句中需替换为“any”；③ 保留“plan to do sth.”的结构，因此完整形式为“didn’t plan to buy any”。 3. 答案：In addition / What’s more 解析：“Besides”意为“此外；而且”，表递进关系，其同义短语有In addition和What’s more，均可直接替换，注意首字母大写。 4. 答案：It turned out that the shelves could hold 600 books. 解析：首先确定核心句型It turned out that...（结果是……；证明是……），其中“it”是形式主语，“that”引导宾语从句；宾语从句的结构为“the shelves（主语）+ could hold（谓语）+ 600 books（宾语）”。按“形式主语句型 + 宾语从句”的语序整合，句首单词首字母大写，标点用句号即可。 What an Interesting Meal! My name is Laleh. I have a daughter named Charlie and a son named Jacob. One day in 2015, I turned my son’s pancake(煎饼) into a “lion” for a bit of fun. He loved it and asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy. Since then, I’ve been turning our meals into art pieces every week. These meals each take 25 to 40 minutes to make. I only use fresh and healthy foods to create them. I color some parts of the meals, but only with natural ingredients(原料), so everything is safe to eat. After watching the movie Turning Red (《青春变形记》), I fell in love with the main character, Meilin. I decided to make her the star of one of my meals. Firstly, I made her face out of mashed potatoes (土豆泥). Then, I colored her mouth with some watermelon juice. After that, I made her teeth from a boiled egg. Her hair was made out of eggplant(茄子). And I turned half an apple and some flatbread(扁面包) into her shirt. Lastly, I cut out her hairpin(发夹) from a piece of cucumber and added other decorations. My little ones love these interesting meals. Charlie always gives me suggestions on how I can make the characters even more vivid. Jacob likes to discuss with me what ingredients I should use. I really enjoy making these pieces with their help! I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. The leaves were ___________ brown. (turn) 2. She ___________ a beautiful painting using bright colors. (create) 3. We used fresh fruits as ___________ to make a healthy smoothie. (ingredient) 4. They hung colorful lights for the party ___________. (decorate) 5. The park looks so peaceful with its ___________ trees and flowers. (nature) 6. Mom is ___________ water to cook noodles for lunch. (boil) 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：turning 解析：空格前是“were”，结合句意“树叶正在变成棕色”，需用现在进行时（主语 + am/is/are + 动词-ing），“turn”的现在分词形式为“turning”，表动作正在进行。 2. 答案：created 解析：本句无明确时间状语，但描述的是过去发生的动作（用鲜艳的颜色创作一幅漂亮的画），需用一般过去时；“create”的过去式为规则变化，直接加-ed，即“created”。 3. 答案：ingredients 解析：空格前是“as”，且主语“fresh fruits”是复数，“ingredient”（原料）是可数名词，需用复数形式“ingredients”，表示“用新鲜水果作为原料制作健康的冰沙”。 4. 答案：decoration 解析：空格前是“for the party”，表目的，需用名词形式；“decorate”（装饰）是动词，其名词形式为“decoration”（装饰；装饰品），此处为不可数名词，表“为派对装饰”的用途。 5. 答案：natural 解析：空格后是名词“trees and flowers”，需用形容词修饰；“nature”（自然）是名词，其形容词形式为“natural”（自然的），意为“有着自然的树木和花朵的公园”。 6. 答案：boiling 解析：空格前是“is”，结合句意“妈妈正在烧水煮面条当午饭”，需用现在进行时；“boil”的现在分词形式为“boiling”，表动作正在进行。 II. Choose the best answer. 1. Why did Laleh start making artistic meals? A. To sell them online. B. To become a famous chef. C. To teach her kids cooking skills. D. To create interesting meals for her son after he asked for them. 2. How long does it usually take Laleh to make one art meal? A. One hour. B. Two hours. C. Ten to fifteen minutes. D. Twenty-five to forty minutes. 3. What did Laleh use to make Meilin’s hair in the Turning Red meal? A. Eggplants. B. Flatbread. C. Boiled eggs. D. Watermelon juice. 4. What is the main message of the story? A. Kids should learn to cook alone. B. Food art is only for professional chefs. C. Cooking requires expensive ingredients. D. Creativity can make everyday activities fun. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：D 解析：根据文章第一段“One day in 2015, I turned my son’s pancake into a ‘lion’ for a bit of fun. He loved it and asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy. Since then, I’ve been turning our meals into art pieces every week.”可知，Laleh最初只是把儿子的煎饼做成狮子玩，儿子很喜欢并要求做影视/书籍/玩具里的角色，之后她才开始制作艺术餐。A（网上售卖）、B（成为知名厨师）、C（教孩子烹饪技巧）文中均未提及，故选D。 2. 答案：D 解析：定位文章第二段“These meals each take 25 to 40 minutes to make.”，明确说明每份艺术餐制作时间为25到40分钟，A（一小时）、B（两小时）、C（10到15分钟）均与原文不符，故选D。 3. 答案：A 解析：根据文章第三段“Her hair was made out of eggplant.”可知，Laleh用茄子做了《青春变形记》主角美琳的头发。B（扁面包）是做衬衫的、C（煮鸡蛋）是做牙齿的、D（西瓜汁）是给嘴巴上色的，故选A。 4. 答案：D 解析：本文主要讲述Laleh通过创意，把普通的餐食变成有趣的艺术作品，孩子也很喜欢，还参与出主意，说明“创造力能让日常活动变得有趣”。A（孩子应该独自学做饭）、B（食物艺术只适合专业厨师）、C（烹饪需要昂贵的原料）均与文章主旨不符，文中提到Laleh只用新鲜健康的普通原料，故选D。 III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. I turned my son’s pancake into a “lion” for a bit of fun. (改为否定句) I ___________ ___________ my son’s pancake into a “lion” for a bit of fun. 2. He asked if I could make him a character from a movie, book or toy. (改为直接引语) He asked me, “___________ ___________ make ___________ a character from a movie, book or toy?” 3. Jacob likes to discuss with me what ingredients I should use. (改为简单句) Jacob likes to discuss with me what ingredients ___________ ___________. 4. main, the, character, after, fell in love with, watching, movie, I, the (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：didn't turn解析：原句是一般过去时的肯定句，谓语动词是实义动词的过去式turned（原形为turn）。一般过去时的实义动词变否定句，需借助助动词did + not（缩写为didn't），后接动词原形，因此“turned”要还原为“turn”。 答案：was turned into 解析：原句是一般过去时的主动语态，改为被动语态的结构为主语（动作承受者） + was/were + 动词过去分词 + 其他。本句主语“my son’s pancake”是单数，故用“was”；“turn into”的过去分词形式为“turned into”，因此完整答案为“was turned into”。 2. 答案：Can you；me 解析：原句是间接引语，改为直接引语需注意三点：① 宾语从句中的“if I could”变为直接引语的一般疑问句，用“Can you”（人称从“I”变“you”，情态动词从过去式“could”变原形“can”）；② 间接引语中的“him”对应直接引语的“me”（因为是儿子问妈妈，“给我做一个角色”）；③ 句末用问号，因此答案为“Can you；me”。 3. 答案：to use 解析：原句是复合句，包含由“what”引导的宾语从句“what ingredients I should use”，改为简单句时，将宾语从句转换为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构，即“what ingredients to use”，符合“discuss with sb. sth.”的搭配，故填“to use”。 4. 答案：I fell in love with the main character after watching the movie. 解析：首先梳理核心成分：① 主句主语“I”，谓语“fell in love with”，宾语“the main character”（主角）；② 时间状语“after watching the movie”（看完这部电影后），由“after”引导的现在分词短语作状语。按“主句 + 时间状语”的语序整合，注意“the”的定冠词搭配（“the main character”“the movie”），句首单词首字母大写，句末用句号即可。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $