第4讲 外刊阅读之人与自然（寒假预习讲义）六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第4讲 外刊阅读之人与自然 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 What Would the Animals Post? If animals were online, what would they say? Read these just-for-fun posts to find out! Giraffe When I first saw this tree, I thought its leaves looked tasty. I stretched(伸长) my neck and opened my mouth. Then, I stuck out my long tongue and ... ouch! An ant bit me! This tree grows hollow “balls.” The ants use them as rooms to live in. And these little insects protect the tree from harm. But I don't like it when my meal bites back! Koala My friend sent me some beautiful flowers for my birthday. It was a nice gift, but I only feed on the leaves of the eucalyptus tree(桉树). So I can't eat these flowers. What am I supposed to do? Should I just look at them? Leopard Welcome to my catwalk(T型台)—the forest! Have you ever seen a style like mine? I'm a tree climber. The spots on my body help me to hide among the branches and leaves of this tree. You could say I'm sitting pretty! Giraffe Facts! … Wild giraffes only live in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. They eat tree leaves and bushes. Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do, but their neck bones are just much, much bigger and longer. Newborn giraffes are more than 1.8 meters tall—as tall as an adult man. And they will double in height within a year. Giraffes are the tallest animals in the world. An adult is as tall as three men standing on each other's shoulders! A baby giraffe can walk within 10 minutes of being born and can run soon after that. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. post /pəʊst/ v. 发布（信息）；n. 帖子 搭配：post online 在线发布；a social media post 社交媒体帖子 例句：The giraffe posted its story online. 翻译练习： 她每天都会在网上发一张美食的帖子。 _____________________________________________________________________ She posts a food post online every day. 2. stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸长；伸展 搭配：stretch one’s neck 伸长脖子；stretch one’s arms 伸展手臂 例句：The giraffe stretched its neck to eat leaves. 翻译练习： 起床后，我伸展了一下身体。 _____________________________________________________________________ I stretched my body after getting up. 3. hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/ adj. 中空的；空心的 搭配：a hollow ball 空心球；a hollow tree 空心树 例句：The tree grows hollow “balls” for ants to live in. 翻译练习： 这个玩具球是空心的，很轻。 _____________________________________________________________________ This toy ball is hollow and very light. 4. feed on 以……为食 用法：主语（动物）+ feed on + 食物，表动物的进食习性 例句：Koalas feed on eucalyptus leaves. 翻译练习： 熊猫以竹子为食。 _____________________________________________________________________ Pandas feed on bamboo. 5. spot /spɒt/ n. 斑点；v. 发现 搭配：spots on the body 身上的斑点；spot a bird 发现一只鸟 例句：The leopard’s spots help it hide. 翻译练习： 我在墙上发现了一个黑点。 _____________________________________________________________________ I spotted a black spot on the wall. 6. double /ˈdʌbl/ v. 加倍；adj. 双倍的 搭配：double in height 身高加倍；a double advantage 双重优势 例句：Newborn giraffes double in height within a year. 翻译练习： 他的家务一周内加倍了。 _____________________________________________________________________ His housework doubled within a week. 二、重点短语 1. stick out 伸出（身体部位） 例句：The giraffe stuck out its long tongue to eat leaves. 翻译：他伸出手和我打招呼。 _____________________________________________________________________ He stuck out his hand to greet me. 2. protect...from... 保护……免受…… 例句：Ants protect the tree from harm. 拓展搭配：protect sb. from the sun（保护某人免受日晒） 翻译：雨伞可以保护我们免受雨淋。 _____________________________________________________________________ Umbrellas can protect us from the rain. 穿外套可以保护你免受寒冷。 _____________________________________________________________________ Wearing a coat can protect you from the cold. 3. be supposed to 应该；被期望 例句：What am I supposed to do with the flowers? 翻译：你应该按时完成作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ You are supposed to finish your homework on time. 4. hide among 藏在……之中 例句：The leopard hides among the branches. 翻译：小猫藏在椅子和桌子之间。 _____________________________________________________________________ The cat hides among the chairs and tables. 5. find out 查明；弄清楚 用法：强调通过努力/调查得知信息（区别于“find”表“找到具体事物”） 例句：Read the posts to find out what animals would say. 翻译练习： 我们需要查明会议什么时候开始。 _____________________________________________________________________ We need to find out when the meeting starts. 6. feed on 以……为食 用法：仅用于描述动物的进食习性（主语必须是动物） 例句：Koalas feed on eucalyptus leaves. 拓展对比：“eat”可用于人/动物，“feed on”仅用于动物 翻译练习： 羊以草为食。 _____________________________________________________________________ Sheep feed on grass. 7. look at 看；注视 用法：后接“看的对象”，强调“看”的动作 例句：Should I just look at the flowers? 翻译练习： 看黑板，认真听老师讲课。 _____________________________________________________________________ Look at the blackboard and listen to the teacher carefully. look 其他短语 ①look for 寻找（强调动作，区别于“find”表结果） 例句：I’m looking for my pen.（我在找我的笔。） ②look up 查阅（词典）；抬头看 例句：Look up the word in the dictionary.（在词典里查这个单词。） ③look after 照顾 例句：Please look after my cat when I’m away.（我不在时请照顾我的猫。） ④look like 看起来像 例句：The cloud looks like a rabbit.（这朵云看起来像一只兔子。） 三、关键句型 1. “When I first saw this tree, I thought its leaves looked tasty.”（当我第一次看到这棵树时，我觉得它的叶子看起来很美味。） 用法：“When + 过去时从句”引导时间状语从句，描述过去某个动作发生时的感受。 仿写：当我第一次看到那只小狗时，我觉得它很可爱。 _____________________________________________________________________ When I first saw that puppy, I thought it looked cute. 2. “Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do.”（长颈鹿脖子里的骨头数量和我们人类一样。） 用法：“the same + 名词 + as...” 表示“和……一样的……”，“do”替代前文的动词（避免重复）。 仿写：我的书包和你的一样重。 _____________________________________________________________________ My schoolbag has the same weight as yours. 3.as...as 句型精讲 ①基本结构 “as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”，表示“和……一样……” 形容词（修饰名词）：Giraffes are as tall as three men.（长颈鹿和三个男人一样高。） 副词（修饰动词）：He runs as fast as his brother.（他和他哥哥跑得一样快。） ②否定形式 “not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as”，表示“不如……” 例句：This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本有趣。） ③文章中“as...as”的用法 “Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do.” （= Giraffes’ neck bones are as many as ours.） 解析：用“the same + 名词 + as”替代“as + 形容词 + as”，避免重复动词“have”。 “Newborn giraffes are more than 1.8 meters tall—as tall as an adult man.” 解析：直接用“as tall as”对比“新生长颈鹿”和“成年男性”的身高。 “An adult is as tall as three men standing on each other's shoulders!” 解析：“as tall as”后接名词短语，补充具体的对比对象。 仿写练习 1. 这只猫和那只狗一样重。 _____________________________________________________________________ This cat is as heavy as that dog. 2. 她写字和她妈妈一样好。 _____________________________________________________________________ She writes as well as her mother. 3. 我打扫教室没有他快。 _____________________________________________________________________ I do't clean the classroom as fast as he does. 外刊精练 I. Complete each sentence with one given word from the box. Each word can be used only once. A. adult B. born C. double D. height E. hide F. supposed 1. I believe I was ___________ to be a teacher. 2. The cat will ___________ under the bed when scared. 3. We were___________ to go to the park, but it rained. 4. My sister is a(n) ___________ now. She lives on her own. 5. He is proud of his ___________ because he is the tallest in class. 6. The new app has the ___________ advantage of being both user-friendly and free. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：F 解析：固定搭配“be supposed to”表示“应该；被期望”，符合“我应该成为一名教师”的句意，故填“supposed”。 2. 答案：E 解析：空格前是情态动词“will”，需填动词原形；“hide under the bed”表示“躲在床底下”，符合“猫害怕时会躲起来”的逻辑，故填“hide”。 3. 答案：B 解析：固定搭配“be born to do sth.”表示“天生要做某事”，对应“我们天生是为了去公园”的语境，故填“born”。 4. 答案：A 解析：根据“she lives on her own（她独自生活）”可推断，妹妹现在是“成年人”，“adult”符合句意，故填“adult”。 5. 答案：D 解析：空格前是形容词性物主代词“his”，需填名词；“proud of his height”表示“为自己的身高自豪”，对应“他是班里最高的”的语境，故填“height”。 6. 答案：C 解析：固定搭配“double advantage”表示“双重优势”，符合“新公寓有成年人的双重优势”的句意，故填“double”。 II. Answer the questions. 1. What did the ants living in the tree do to the giraffe? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why doesn't the koala seem to be satisfied with the flowers as a birthday gift? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the leopard's special skill? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What helps the leopard hide in the forest? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. How many bones do giraffes have in their necks compared to humans? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Imagine you are your favorite animal. What would you post online? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：One of the ants bit the giraffe when it tried to eat the leaves. 解析：根据长颈鹿的帖子内容“I stretched my neck... Then, I stuck out my long tongue and... ouch! An ant bit me!”可知，长颈鹿吃树叶时被蚂蚁咬了，整合该情节即可。 2. 答案：Because the koala doesn’t eat flowers. 解析：考拉的帖子提到“I only feed on the leaves of the eucalyptus tree (桉树). So I can’t eat these flowers”，说明考拉只吃桉树叶、不吃花，因此对花不满意，直接提取原因即可。 3. 答案：The leopard is good at climbing trees. 解析：豹子的帖子明确说“I’m a tree climber”，即豹子擅长爬树，直接总结其技能即可。 4. 答案：The spots on its body. 解析：根据豹子的帖子“The spots on my body help me to hide among the branches and leaves of this tree”可知，身上的斑点帮助它在森林中隐藏，直接提取关键信息即可。 5. 答案：They have the same number of bones in their necks as humans. 解析：根据“Giraffe Facts!”部分“Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do”可知，长颈鹿脖子的骨头数量和人类一样，直接引用原文即可。 6. 答案：（示例）Penguin: I love hanging out with my penguin friends! Today we found some fish to eat, and they were yummy! Now, who wants to join me for a swim? Let’s have fun together! (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：本题为开放性问题，需模仿文章中动物帖子的语气（轻松、分享日常），结合所选动物的习性（如企鹅吃鱼、游泳）作答，内容合理即可。 III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. My friend sent me some beautiful flowers for my birthday.(对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ your friend ___________ you for your birthday? 2. Newborn giraffes are more than 1.8 meters tall.(对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ are newborn giraffes? 3. Giraffes are the tallest animals in the world. (保持句意基本不变) Giraffes are ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ animal species in the world. 4. the, standing, adults, is, tall, as, shoulders, as,five, on, building, each other's（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：What did your friend send you for your birthday? 解析：划线部分“some beautiful flowers”是“send”的宾语（事物），对事物提问用特殊疑问词“what”；原句是一般过去时，需借助助动词“did”，后接动词原形“send”，整合为“What did your friend send you for your birthday?”。 2. 答案：How tall are newborn giraffes? 解析：划线部分“more than 1.8 meters tall”是身高，对身高提问用“how tall”；原句是一般现在时，直接将“how tall”置于句首，调整语序为“How tall are newborn giraffes?”。 3. 答案：Giraffes are as tall as any other animal species in the world. 解析：原句“Giraffes are the tallest animals”是最高级，可转换为“as + 形容词原级 + as + any other + 单数名词”的比较级结构，表示“和其他任何……一样”，故填“as tall as any other”。 4. 答案：Five adults are standing on each other’s shoulders, building as tall as three men! 解析：先确定核心短语“stand on each other’s shoulders（互相站在肩膀上）”“as tall as（和……一样高）”；主语为“five adults”，谓语为“are standing”，伴随状语为“building as tall as three men”，按逻辑语序整合即可。 IV. Retell the passage in your own words. If animals could post online, here’s what they might say: 1. Giraffe: When I saw a tree with tasty leaves, I stretched my neck and stuck out my tongue. But an ant bit me! The tree has hollow balls—ants live in them and protect the tree from harm. I don’t like my meal biting back! 2. Koala: My friend sent me beautiful flowers for my birthday. It was nice, but I only feed on eucalyptus leaves. I can’t eat the flowers—what am I supposed to do? 3. Leopard: Welcome to my forest catwalk! I’m good at climbing trees. The spots on my body help me hide among branches. I’m sitting pretty! Also, giraffes have fun facts: They live in Africa, have the same neck bones as humans (but bigger), newborns are as tall as adult men, and they double in height in a year! Passage 02 外刊精讲 It's Raining Fish! When it rains heavily, we can say "It's raining cats and dogs." However, on December 29, 2021, for the people in Texarkana(德克萨卡纳), U.S.A., it was "raining fish." And no-this isn't a joke. On that day, a storm hit the town. It left a lot of small fish on the ground. This may sound like fake news. However, there have been similar reports of such strange weather throughout history. In 2017, people in California, U.S.A., saw fish falling from the clouds over a primary school. In 1921, frogs fell from the sky over a city in Canada. As early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish. So, how do these strange events happen? According to scientists, they are caused by waterspouts(水龙卷). Waterspouts are tornadoes(龙卷风) that form or travel over open water. The fast wind inside them lifts water up into the clouds. At the same time, some light fish or frogs are lifted up, too. The wind carries the animals and water over the land. When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. As a result—yes, you've guessed it—it "rains" animals. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. heavily /ˈhevɪli/ adv. 大量地；猛烈地（形容雨、雪等） 搭配：rain heavily 下大雨；snow heavily 下大雪；smoke heavily 烟抽得很凶 词转：heavy adj. 重的；大量的（a heavy rain 一场大雨） 例句：It was raining heavily when the storm hit the town. 翻译练习： 昨天晚上雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。 _____________________________________________________________________ It rained heavily last night, so I had to stay at home. 2. fake /feɪk/ adj. 假的；伪造的（v. 假装，n. 假货） 搭配：fake news 假新闻；fake money 假币；a fake smile 假笑 例句：This story may sound like fake news, but it’s true. 词转：faker n. 骗子；造假者 翻译练习： 不要相信网上的假新闻，要学会核实信息。 _____________________________________________________________________ Don’t believe fake news online; learn to check the information. 3. strange /streɪndʒ/ adj. 奇怪的；陌生的 搭配：strange weather 奇怪的天气；a strange man 一个陌生人；feel strange 感觉不对劲 词转：strangely adv. 奇怪地（He looked at me strangely.）；strangeness n. 奇怪 近义词：unusual 不寻常的；odd 古怪的 例句：People were surprised by the strange event of raining fish. 翻译练习： 他说了一些奇怪的话，让我们都很困惑。 _____________________________________________________________________ He said something strange, and it made all of us confused. 4. throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ prep. 遍及；贯穿（adv. 到处） 搭配：throughout history 贯穿历史；throughout the country 遍及全国；throughout the year 全年 例句：There have been similar reports throughout history. 同义替换：all over（遍及）；during the whole of（贯穿） 翻译练习： 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。 _____________________________________________________________________ The museum is open every day throughout the year. 5. primary /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 初级的；主要的 搭配：primary school 小学；primary reason 主要原因；primary education 初等教育 例句：In 2017, fish fell from the clouds over a primary school in California. 词转：primarily adv. 主要地（The problem is primarily caused by pollution.） 翻译练习： 我在上海的一所中学上学，今年读六年级。 _____________________________________________________________________ I study in a middle school in Shanghai and I am in Grade Six this year. 6. cause /kɔːz/ v. 引起；导致（n. 原因） 搭配：cause sth. 引起某事；cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事；the cause of... ……的原因 例句：According to scientists, these strange events are caused by waterspouts. 词转：cause n. 原因（the cause of the accident 事故的原因） 近义词：bring about 引起；lead to 导致 翻译练习： 粗心驾驶会导致很多交通事故，所以开车要小心。 _____________________________________________________________________ Careless driving can cause many traffic accidents, so drive carefully. 7. form /fɔːm/ v. 形成；产生（n. 形式；表格） 搭配：form a habit 养成习惯；form a team 组建团队；form over water 在水面上形成 例句：Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over open water. 词转：formation n. 形成（the formation of clouds 云的形成） 翻译练习： 冬天，湖面上会形成厚厚的冰。 _____________________________________________________________________ In winter, thick ice forms on the lake. 8. lift /lɪft/ v. 举起；抬起；卷起（n. 电梯；搭便车） 搭配：lift up 举起；卷起；lift sb. up 扶起某人；give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 例句：The fast wind inside waterspouts lifts water up into the clouds. 词转：lift n. 电梯（take the lift 坐电梯） 近义词：raise 举起；hoist 吊起 翻译练习： 他太矮了，够不到书架，我帮他把书举了起来。 _____________________________________________________________________ He is too short to reach the bookshelf, so I lifted the book up for him. 9. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能量；精力；活力 搭配：save energy 节省能源；have much energy 精力充沛；the energy of the wind 风力 词转：energetic adj. 精力充沛的（an energetic boy 一个精力充沛的男孩） 例句：When the energy of the wind starts to fall, the animals fall down too. 翻译练习： 我们应该多做运动，这样才能保持精力充沛。 _____________________________________________________________________ We should do more exercise so that we can stay energetic. 10. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 结果；后果（v. 导致） 搭配：as a result 结果；the result of... ……的结果；result in 导致 例句：As a result, it “rains” animals when the wind’s energy falls. 词转：resultant adj. 作为结果的（the resultant damage 由此造成的损害） 翻译练习： 他努力学习，结果在考试中取得了好成绩。 _____________________________________________________________________ He studied hard, and as a result, he got good grades in the exam. 二、重点短语 1. rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨（习语） 用法：固定习语，形容雨下得非常大，口语中常用 例句：It was raining cats and dogs when I went home yesterday. 翻译练习： 明天会下倾盆大雨，记得带伞。 _____________________________________________________________________ It will rain cats and dogs tomorrow; remember to take an umbrella. 2. hit the town 袭击城镇 用法：“hit”此处为动词，意为“袭击；撞击”，后接地点，表“自然灾害袭击某地” 拓展：hit the city 袭击城市；a car hit a tree 一辆车撞到了树上 例句：A storm hit the town and left a lot of small fish on the ground. 翻译练习： 一场强烈的台风袭击了沿海(coastal)城市。 _____________________________________________________________________ A strong typhoon hit the coastal city. 3. fall from 从……落下 用法：“fall”为不及物动词，后接“from + 地点”，表“从某处落下” 拓展：fall from the sky 从天上落下；fall from the tree 从树上掉下来 例句：People in California saw fish falling from the clouds in 2017. 翻译练习： 秋天，树叶会从树上落下来，铺成一条金色的小路。 _____________________________________________________________________ In autumn, leaves fall from the trees and form a golden path. 4. as early as 早在 用法：后接具体时间，表“早在……时候”，用于强调时间早 例句：As early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish. 翻译练习： 早在一百年前，这座城市就已经是重要的商业中心了。 _____________________________________________________________________ As early as 100 years ago, this city was already an important business center. 5. according to 据……所说；根据 用法：后接人、机构或资料，表“信息的来源”，注意后面不加从句 例句：According to scientists, these strange events are caused by waterspouts. 翻译练习： 据天气预报说，明天会是晴天，适合去公园玩。 _____________________________________________________________________ According to the weather forecast, tomorrow will be sunny and suitable for going to the park. 6. at the same time 同时 用法：表两个动作同时发生，可放在句首、句中或句末，句首/句末需加逗号 例句：The wind lifts water up into the clouds, and at the same time, it lifts up some light fish. 翻译练习： 他一边唱歌，一边跳舞，同时还弹着吉他，太厉害了。 _____________________________________________________________________ He sings and dances, and at the same time, he plays the guitar. He’s amazing. 7. start to do sth. 开始做某事 用法：与“start doing sth.”同义，可互换，表“开始进行某个动作” 拓展：begin to do sth. / begin doing sth. （同义替换） 例句：When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. 翻译练习： 当春天来临时，花儿开始绽放(bloom)，树木开始发芽(sprout)。 _____________________________________________________________________ When spring comes, flowers start to bloom and trees start to sprout. 8. as a result 结果；因此 用法：表因果关系，后接结果，通常放在句首，加逗号与主句隔开 例句：The wind’s energy falls, and as a result, it “rains” animals. 词转：result in 导致（表原因→结果）；result from 由……引起（表结果→原因） 翻译练习： 他每天坚持跑步，结果他的身体变得越来越健康。 _____________________________________________________________________ He keeps running every day, and as a result, his body becomes healthier and healthier. 三、关键句型 1. However, + 句子（然而……） 结构：转折连词，用于句首时，后接逗号；用于句中时，前后加逗号 用法：表“转折关系”，比“but”更正式，可用于书面语和口语 文章原句： ① This may sound like fake news. However, there have been similar reports throughout history. ② It's raining cats and dogs. However, for the people in Texarkana, it was "raining fish." 仿写练习： 他很累。然而，他还是坚持完成了作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ He was very tired. However, he still kept finishing his homework. 这本书很难。然而，它非常有趣，我很喜欢读。 _____________________________________________________________________ This book is very difficult. However, it’s very interesting and I like reading it very much. 2. There have been + 名词 + 时间状语（某地/某时存在过……） 结构：there be 句型的现在完成时，表示“从过去到现在，某地/某时存在过某物/某事” 用法：后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，时间状语通常为“throughout history / since... / for...” 文章原句：There have been similar reports of such strange weather throughout history. 拓展：there be 句型的时态变化：there is/are（一般现在时）→ there was/were（一般过去时）→ there have/has been（现在完成时） 仿写练习： 历史上有很多伟大的科学家，他们改变了世界。 _____________________________________________________________________ There have been many great scientists throughout history, and they changed the world. 自从2020年以来，这个城市发生了很多变化。 _____________________________________________________________________ There have been many changes in this city since 2020. 3. 倒装句：So + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语（……也一样） 结构：表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物，前后主语不同 用法：助动词/情态动词/be动词需与前一句的时态保持一致 文章原句：When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water.（前一句是一般现在时，用助动词do） 拓展：否定倒装：Neither/Nor + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语（……也不） 仿写练习： 我喜欢阅读，我的妹妹也一样。 _____________________________________________________________________ I like reading, and so does my sister. 他会说英语，他的弟弟也会。 _____________________________________________________________________ He can speak English, and so can his brother. 外刊精练 I. Complete each sentence with one given item from the box. Each item can be used only once. A. energy B. event C. guess D. lift E. primary F. strange 1. The elevator can ___________ us to the top floor. 2. Generally speaking, ___________ school covers grades one through five. 3. It felt ___________ to be in a city where I didn't know anyone. 4. Let's see if you can ___________ the meaning of this unfamiliar word. 5. The sporting ___________ brought together teams from all over the country. 6. Cooking a simple dinner at home saves both time and ___________ compared to eating out. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：D 解析：空格前是情态动词“can”，需填动词原形；“lift sb. to the top floor”表示“把某人送到顶楼”，符合电梯的功能，故填“lift”。 2. 答案：E 解析：空格后是名词“school”，需填形容词修饰；“primary school”是固定搭配，意为“小学”，对应“涵盖1-5年级”的语境，故填“primary”。 3. 答案：F 解析：空格前是系动词“feel”，需填形容词作表语；“feel strange to be in a city”表示“在陌生城市里感觉不自在”，符合“不认识任何人”的语境，故填“strange”。 4. 答案：C 解析：固定搭配“figure out the meaning”表示“弄清楚含义”，符合“看看你能否弄明白这个生词的意思”的句意，故填“figure out”。 5. 答案：B 解析：空格前是形容词“sporting”，需填名词；“sporting event”表示“体育赛事”，对应“聚集全国队伍”的语境，故填“event”。 6. 答案：A 解析：空格前是连词“and”，需填与“time”并列的名词；“save energy”表示“节省能源”，符合“在家做饭比外出就餐节省时间和能源”的句意，故填“energy”。 II. Answer the questions. 1. What unusual weather event took place in Texarkana on December 29, 2021? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. According to the article, what strange weather event happened in California in 2017? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Strange weather events only happened in recent years, didn't they? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What do scientists believe to be the cause of these strange weather events? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. According to the article，how does it“rain"animals in strange weather events? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：It rained fish on that day. 解析：根据文章第一段“on December 29, 2021... it was ‘raining fish’”可知，得克萨斯州当天发生的异常天气是“下鱼”，直接提取关键信息即可。 2. 答案：Fish fell from the clouds over a primary school. 解析：定位文章第二段“In 2017, people in California... saw fish falling from the clouds over a primary school”，直接引用原文描述加州2017年的异常天气即可。 3. 答案：No, they didn’t. 解析：文章第二段提到“there have been similar reports... throughout history”（历史上一直有类似报道），且举例“早在2000年前罗马作家就记录过”，说明异常天气并非只发生在近年，故用否定回答。 4. 答案：Waterspouts. 解析：根据文章第三段“According to scientists, they are caused by waterspouts”可知，科学家认为这种异常天气是由水龙卷导致的，直接提取核心原因即可。 5. 答案：When the fast wind inside waterspouts lifts water up into the clouds, it lifts up some light fish or frogs, too. The wind carries the animals and water over the land. When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. 解析：文章第三段详细解释了“下动物”的过程：水龙卷的强风将水和轻量级动物卷入云层→风携带它们越过陆地→风力减弱时，动物和水一同落下，整合这一过程即为答案。 III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1.This may sound like fake news.（改为反义疑问句） This may sound like fake news, ___________ ___________? 2.As early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ a Roman writer write about storms of frogs and fish？ 3.history，been，many，throughout，wars，have，there（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：isn’t it 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”原则，原句是肯定句（“This may sound like fake news”），主语是“this”，疑问部分用“isn’t it”。 2. 答案：When did; about storms of frogs and fish 解析：划线部分“as early as 2000 years ago”是时间，对时间提问用“when”；原句是一般过去时，需借助助动词“did”，后接动词原形“write”，保留原句宾语“about storms of frogs and fish”。 3. 答案：There have been many wars throughout history. 解析：首先确定“there be”句型的现在完成时结构“there have been”；核心短语“many wars”（许多战争）作主语，“throughout history”（贯穿历史）作时间状语，按“there have been + 主语 + 状语”的语序整合即可。 IV. Retell the passage in your own words. 基础版 When it rains heavily, we say “It’s raining cats and dogs.” But on December 29, 2021, in Texarkana, USA, it was raining fish. A storm hit the town and left many small fish on the ground. This sounds like fake news, but there have been similar strange weather reports throughout history: In 2017, fish fell from clouds over a California primary school; in 1921, frogs fell in Canada; as early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish. Scientists say these events are caused by waterspouts. Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over water. Their fast wind lifts up water and light animals into clouds, carries them over land, and when the wind’s energy falls, the animals and water drop—so it “rains” animals! 对话版 A: Do you know a strange weather event called “raining fish”? B: No, what is it? A: On December 29, 2021, in Texarkana, USA, a storm hit the town, and many small fish fell on the ground—so people said it was “raining fish.” B: That sounds like fake news! Did this ever happen before? A: Yes! For example, in 2017, fish fell over a primary school in California. And 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer even wrote about storms of frogs and fish. B: Why does this happen? A: Scientists say it’s because of waterspouts. These are tornadoes over water—their wind lifts water and light animals into clouds, carries them over land, and when the wind gets weak, the animals fall down. B: Wow, that’s so interesting! 综合提升练 DIY Self-Watering Planters When we finish our drinks, how can we reuse these plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away? If you have this question too, here is an idea: turn them into self-watering planters. That's right—these planters can water your plants all by themselves. How does it work? It is very simple: A piece of yarn(纱线) sucks(吸) the water up from the bottom of the planter to its top part. Here's how you can make your own self-watering planter. {1} Cut off the top third of a plastic bottle. {2} Remove the cap(瓶盖) of the bottle. Drill(钻孔) a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail(钉子). {3} Paint the cap and the top part of the bottle. Let them dry. {4} Put a piece of yarn through the hole in the bottle cap. {5} Screw the cap back onto the bottle. {6} Turn the top part of the bottle upside down. Put soil into it and plant your plants. {7}Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. {8} Place the top part of the bottle inside of the bottom part. Now your self-watering planter is ready. You can add water to its bottom every few weeks. Just put it in the sun and wait for the plants to grow! I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. Each item can be used only once. A. add B. bottom C. dry D. place E. ready F. simple 1. The students are getting ___________ for their exams. 2. I found my keys hiding at the ___________ of my bag. 3. Let's ___________ the chairs in a circle for the meeting. 4. Hang your clothes outside to let them ___________ in the sun. 5. Riding a bike is a(n) ___________ skill to learn for most children. 6.Remember to ___________ water to the vase to keep the flowers fresh. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：E 解析：固定搭配“get ready for”表示“为……做准备”，符合“学生们正在为考试做准备”的句意，故填“ready”。 2. 答案：B 解析：空格前是“the”，后接“of my bag”，需填名词；“at the bottom of...”是固定短语，意为“在……的底部”，对应“钥匙藏在包的底部”的语境，故填“bottom”。 3. 答案：D 解析：空格前是“Let's”，需填动词原形；“place the chairs in a circle”表示“把椅子摆成一个圈”，符合“开会”的场景需求，故填“place”。 4. 答案：C 解析：空格前是“let them”，“let”后接动词原形作补语；“let clothes dry”表示“让衣服变干”，对应“把衣服挂在外面晒干”的逻辑，故填“dry”。 5. 答案：F 解析：空格前是“a(n)”，后接名词“skill”，需填形容词修饰；“a simple skill”表示“一项简单的技能”，符合“骑自行车对多数孩子来说不难”的语境，故填“simple”。 6. 答案：A 解析：空格前是“remember to”，需填动词原形；“add water to the vase”是固定搭配，意为“给花瓶加水”，对应“保持花新鲜”的目的，故填“add”。 II. Choose the best answer. 1. This article introduces a way to ___________. A. use yarn in gardening B. decorate your planters C. get rid of plastic bottles D. water your plants with less effort 2. Which step comes first in making the self-watering planter? A. Drilling a hole in the bottle cap. B. Adding soil and planting the plants. C. Cutting off the top third of the bottle. D. Painting the cap and the top part of the bottle. 3. How often should water be added to the self-watering planter's bottom? A. Every few days. B. Every few weeks. C.Once a month. D. Only when the soil is dry. 4. What role does the piece of yarn in the self-watering planter play? A. It sucks water from the soil. B. It helps hold the soil in place. C. It supports the plant as it grows. D. It prevents the soil from drying out. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：D 解析：文章标题是“DIY Self-Watering Planters”，核心是“自制自动浇水花盆”，目的是“减少浇水的精力”（自动浇水无需频繁手动操作），对应选项D；选项A（装饰花园）、B（回收花盆）、C（处理塑料瓶）均非文章核心目的。 2. 答案：C 解析：文章步骤(1)明确写了“Cut off the top third of a plastic bottle”，是制作自动浇水花盆的第一步，对应选项C；选项A（钻瓶盖孔）是步骤(2)，B（加土种植物）是步骤(6)，D（安装瓶盖）是步骤(5)。 3. 答案：B 解析：文章步骤(8)提到“You can add water to its bottom every few weeks”，说明花盆底部的水“每几周加一次”，对应选项B。 4. 答案：D 解析：文章说明“a piece of yarn sucks the water up from the bottom to the top part”，纱线的作用是把底部的水吸到植物根部，防止土壤变干，对应选项D；选项A（从土壤吸水）、B（固定土壤）、C（支持植物生长）均不符合纱线的实际功能。 III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. How can we reuse these plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away?(保持句意基本不变) How can we reuse these plastic bottles ___________ ___________ just throw them away? 2. These planters can water your plants all by themselves.(保持句意基本不变) These planters can water your plants all ___________ ___________ ___________. 3. can, we, them, reuse, just, throwing, of, plastic bags,away,instead(连词成句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：rather than 解析：“instead of”（而不是）的同义短语是“rather than”，两者均可连接并列成分（此处连接“reuse these plastic bottles”和“just throw them away”），保持句意不变。 2. 答案：on their own 解析：“all by themselves”（独自；自动）的同义短语是“on their own”，均表示“花盆可以自动给植物浇水”，直接替换即可。 3. . 答案：We can reuse plastic bags instead of just throwing them away. 解析：先确定核心结构“reuse... instead of throwing... away”（重复使用……而不是扔掉……）；主语是“we”，谓语是“can reuse”，宾语是“plastic bags”，按“主语+谓语+宾语+instead of + 动名词短语”的语序整合，句首单词首字母大写即可。 How Does a Plant Eat Meat? Have you ever grown any of your own plants? Most plants need soil, water and sunlight to grow. But for the meat-eating pitcher plants(猪笼草), insects are also needed for growth. Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America. The body of a pitcher plant is usually shaped like a pitcher(陶罐) or a bowl. Most pitcher plants also have a lid(盖) over the pitcher-like structure(结构). The lid closes when an insect enters the“pitcher.” How do pitcher plants catch and digest(消化) insects? Well, the plant can produce nectar(花蜜). Nectar is a sweet and sticky(黏糊糊的) liquid. Some insects climb into the pitcher plant in order to get some of this sweet drink. However, they usually fall into a pool of enzymes(酶) in the plant. These enzymes help the pitcher plant break down and digest the insects. Isn't it amazing? I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. Please wait at the __________ until the show begins.(enter) 2. China is the largest __________ of rice in the world.(produce) 3. Eating healthy food is important for children's __________ .(grow) 4. I find it __________ to make a to-do list every morning to stay organized.(help) 5. Different __________ can be found in nature, like circles and triangles.(shape) 6. We were __________ by the talented musicians at the concert last night.(amazing) 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：entrance 解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，需填名词；“enter”是动词，其名词形式为“entrance”（入口），“wait at the entrance”表示“在入口处等待”，符合句意。 2. 答案：producer 解析：空格前是“the largest”，需填名词；“produce”是动词，其名词形式为“producer”（生产者），“the largest producer of rice”表示“最大的大米生产国”，符合语境。 3. 答案：growth 解析：空格前是名词所有格“children’s”，需填名词；“grow”是动词，其名词形式为“growth”（成长），“children’s growth”表示“孩子的成长”，对应“健康饮食对孩子成长很重要”的句意。 4. 答案：helpful 解析：空格前是“find it”，需填形容词作补语；“help”是动词，其形容词形式为“helpful”（有帮助的），“find it helpful to do sth.”表示“发现做某事有帮助”，符合“列待办清单有帮助”的逻辑。 5. 答案：shapes 解析：空格前是“Different”，需填可数名词复数；“shape”是名词，复数形式为“shapes”（形状），对应“自然界有不同形状”的描述。 6. 答案：amazed 解析：空格前是“were”，需填形容词作表语；“amazing”（令人惊奇的）修饰事物，“amazed”（感到惊奇的）修饰人，此处主语是“We”（人），故填“amazed”。 II. Choose the best answer. 1. According to the article, what do pitcher plants need for growth? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Where can you find many types of pitcher plants? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What happens when an insect enters the pitcher of a pitcher plant? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do some insects climb into pitcher plants? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What role do enzymes play in the pitcher plant's digestive system? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：Soil, water, sunlight and insects. 解析：根据文章第一段“Most plants need soil, water and sunlight to grow. But for the meat-eating pitcher plants, insects are also needed for growth.”可知，猪笼草生长需要土壤、水、阳光和昆虫，直接整合信息即可。 2. 答案：In North and South America. 解析：定位文章第二段“Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America.”，直接提取地点信息。 3. 答案：The lid of the pitcher plant closes. 解析：根据文章第二段“Most pitcher plants also have a lid over the pitcher-like structure. The lid closes when an insect enters the pitcher.”可知，昆虫进入后，猪笼草的盖子会关闭，直接引用原文即可。 4. 答案：Because they want to drink the nectar produced by the plants. 解析：文章第三段提到“Some insects climb into the pitcher plant in order to get some of this sweet drink.”，其中“this sweet drink”指猪笼草产生的花蜜（nectar），整合原因即可。 5. 答案：They break down and digest the insects. 解析：根据文章第三段“These enzymes help the pitcher plant break down and digest the insects.”可知，酶的作用是分解并消化昆虫，直接提取关键信息。 III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Most plants need soil, water and sunlight to grow.(改为否定句) Most plants __________ __________ soil, water and sunlight to grow. 2. Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America. (改为反义疑问句) Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America, __________ __________? 3. Some insects climb into the pitcher plant in order to get some of this sweet drink.(对划线部分提问) __________ __________ some insects climb into the pitcher plant? 4. stay, in, some, fish, together, to, order, safe, swim(连词成句) _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：don't need 解析：原句是一般现在时的肯定句，谓语动词是实义动词 “need”（需要）。改为否定句时，需借助助动词 “do”（主语 “Most plants” 是复数，用 “do”），后加 “not”（缩写为 “don't”），再接动词原形 “need”。因此否定句为 “Most plants don't need soil, water and sunlight to grow.” 2. 答案：don’t they 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”原则，原句是肯定句（“Many types of pitcher plants grow...”），主语是“Many types”（复数），疑问部分用“don’t they”。 3. 答案：Why do 解析：划线部分“in order to get some of this sweet drink”是目的，对目的提问用特殊疑问词“Why”；原句是一般现在时，主语是“some insects”（复数），需借助助动词“do”构成疑问句。 4. 答案：Some fish swim together in order to stay safe. 解析：首先确定核心短语“swim together”（一起游）和“in order to stay safe”（为了保持安全）；主语是“Some fish”，谓语是“swim”，按“主语+谓语+状语+目的状语”的语序整合，确保逻辑通顺。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第4讲 外刊阅读之人与自然 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 What Would the Animals Post? If animals were online, what would they say? Read these just-for-fun posts to find out! Giraffe When I first saw this tree, I thought its leaves looked tasty. I stretched(伸长) my neck and opened my mouth. Then, I stuck out my long tongue and ... ouch! An ant bit me! This tree grows hollow “balls.” The ants use them as rooms to live in. And these little insects protect the tree from harm. But I don't like it when my meal bites back! Koala My friend sent me some beautiful flowers for my birthday. It was a nice gift, but I only feed on the leaves of the eucalyptus tree(桉树). So I can't eat these flowers. What am I supposed to do? Should I just look at them? Leopard Welcome to my catwalk(T型台)—the forest! Have you ever seen a style like mine? I'm a tree climber. The spots on my body help me to hide among the branches and leaves of this tree. You could say I'm sitting pretty! Giraffe Facts! … Wild giraffes only live in Africa, south of the Sahara Desert. They eat tree leaves and bushes. Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do, but their neck bones are just much, much bigger and longer. Newborn giraffes are more than 1.8 meters tall—as tall as an adult man. And they will double in height within a year. Giraffes are the tallest animals in the world. An adult is as tall as three men standing on each other's shoulders! A baby giraffe can walk within 10 minutes of being born and can run soon after that. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. post /pəʊst/ v. 发布（信息）；n. 帖子 搭配：post online 在线发布；a social media post 社交媒体帖子 例句：The giraffe posted its story online. 翻译练习： 她每天都会在网上发一张美食的帖子。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. stretch /stretʃ/ v. 伸长；伸展 搭配：stretch one’s neck 伸长脖子；stretch one’s arms 伸展手臂 例句：The giraffe stretched its neck to eat leaves. 翻译练习： 起床后，我伸展了一下身体。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. hollow /ˈhɒləʊ/ adj. 中空的；空心的 搭配：a hollow ball 空心球；a hollow tree 空心树 例句：The tree grows hollow “balls” for ants to live in. 翻译练习： 这个玩具球是空心的，很轻。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. feed on 以……为食 用法：主语（动物）+ feed on + 食物，表动物的进食习性 例句：Koalas feed on eucalyptus leaves. 翻译练习： 熊猫以竹子为食。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. spot /spɒt/ n. 斑点；v. 发现 搭配：spots on the body 身上的斑点；spot a bird 发现一只鸟 例句：The leopard’s spots help it hide. 翻译练习： 我在墙上发现了一个黑点。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. double /ˈdʌbl/ v. 加倍；adj. 双倍的 搭配：double in height 身高加倍；a double advantage 双重优势 例句：Newborn giraffes double in height within a year. 翻译练习： 他的家务一周内加倍了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语 1. stick out 伸出（身体部位） 例句：The giraffe stuck out its long tongue to eat leaves. 翻译：他伸出手和我打招呼。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. protect...from... 保护……免受…… 例句：Ants protect the tree from harm. 拓展搭配：protect sb. from the sun（保护某人免受日晒） 翻译：雨伞可以保护我们免受雨淋。 _____________________________________________________________________ 穿外套可以保护你免受寒冷。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. be supposed to 应该；被期望 例句：What am I supposed to do with the flowers? 翻译：你应该按时完成作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. hide among 藏在……之中 例句：The leopard hides among the branches. 翻译：小猫藏在椅子和桌子之间。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. find out 查明；弄清楚 用法：强调通过努力/调查得知信息（区别于“find”表“找到具体事物”） 例句：Read the posts to find out what animals would say. 翻译练习： 我们需要查明会议什么时候开始。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. feed on 以……为食 用法：仅用于描述动物的进食习性（主语必须是动物） 例句：Koalas feed on eucalyptus leaves. 拓展对比：“eat”可用于人/动物，“feed on”仅用于动物 翻译练习： 羊以草为食。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. look at 看；注视 用法：后接“看的对象”，强调“看”的动作 例句：Should I just look at the flowers? 翻译练习： 看黑板，认真听老师讲课。 _____________________________________________________________________ look 其他短语 ①look for 寻找（强调动作，区别于“find”表结果） 例句：I’m looking for my pen.（我在找我的笔。） ②look up 查阅（词典）；抬头看 例句：Look up the word in the dictionary.（在词典里查这个单词。） ③look after 照顾 例句：Please look after my cat when I’m away.（我不在时请照顾我的猫。） ④look like 看起来像 例句：The cloud looks like a rabbit.（这朵云看起来像一只兔子。） 三、关键句型 1. “When I first saw this tree, I thought its leaves looked tasty.”（当我第一次看到这棵树时，我觉得它的叶子看起来很美味。） 用法：“When + 过去时从句”引导时间状语从句，描述过去某个动作发生时的感受。 仿写：当我第一次看到那只小狗时，我觉得它很可爱。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. “Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do.”（长颈鹿脖子里的骨头数量和我们人类一样。） 用法：“the same + 名词 + as...” 表示“和……一样的……”，“do”替代前文的动词（避免重复）。 仿写：我的书包和你的一样重。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3.as...as 句型精讲 ①基本结构 “as + 形容词/副词原级 + as”，表示“和……一样……” 形容词（修饰名词）：Giraffes are as tall as three men.（长颈鹿和三个男人一样高。） 副词（修饰动词）：He runs as fast as his brother.（他和他哥哥跑得一样快。） ②否定形式 “not as/so + 形容词/副词原级 + as”，表示“不如……” 例句：This book is not as interesting as that one.（这本书不如那本有趣。） ③文章中“as...as”的用法 “Giraffes have the same number of bones in their necks as we do.” （= Giraffes’ neck bones are as many as ours.） 解析：用“the same + 名词 + as”替代“as + 形容词 + as”，避免重复动词“have”。 “Newborn giraffes are more than 1.8 meters tall—as tall as an adult man.” 解析：直接用“as tall as”对比“新生长颈鹿”和“成年男性”的身高。 “An adult is as tall as three men standing on each other's shoulders!” 解析：“as tall as”后接名词短语，补充具体的对比对象。 仿写练习 1. 这只猫和那只狗一样重。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. 她写字和她妈妈一样好。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 我打扫教室没有他快。 _____________________________________________________________________ 外刊精练 I. Complete each sentence with one given word from the box. Each word can be used only once. A. adult B. born C. double D. height E. hide F. supposed 1. I believe I was ___________ to be a teacher. 2. The cat will ___________ under the bed when scared. 3. We were___________ to go to the park, but it rained. 4. My sister is a(n) ___________ now. She lives on her own. 5. He is proud of his ___________ because he is the tallest in class. 6. The new app has the ___________ advantage of being both user-friendly and free. II. Answer the questions. 1. What did the ants living in the tree do to the giraffe? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Why doesn't the koala seem to be satisfied with the flowers as a birthday gift? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the leopard's special skill? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What helps the leopard hide in the forest? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. How many bones do giraffes have in their necks compared to humans? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. Imagine you are your favorite animal. What would you post online? _____________________________________________________________________ III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. My friend sent me some beautiful flowers for my birthday.(对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ your friend ___________ you for your birthday? 2. Newborn giraffes are more than 1.8 meters tall.(对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ are newborn giraffes? 3. Giraffes are the tallest animals in the world. (保持句意基本不变) Giraffes are ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ animal species in the world. 4. the, standing, adults, is, tall, as, shoulders, as,five, on, building, each other's（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ IV. Retell the passage in your own words. Passage 02 外刊精讲 It's Raining Fish! When it rains heavily, we can say "It's raining cats and dogs." However, on December 29, 2021, for the people in Texarkana(德克萨卡纳), U.S.A., it was "raining fish." And no-this isn't a joke. On that day, a storm hit the town. It left a lot of small fish on the ground. This may sound like fake news. However, there have been similar reports of such strange weather throughout history. In 2017, people in California, U.S.A., saw fish falling from the clouds over a primary school. In 1921, frogs fell from the sky over a city in Canada. As early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish. So, how do these strange events happen? According to scientists, they are caused by waterspouts(水龙卷). Waterspouts are tornadoes(龙卷风) that form or travel over open water. The fast wind inside them lifts water up into the clouds. At the same time, some light fish or frogs are lifted up, too. The wind carries the animals and water over the land. When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. As a result—yes, you've guessed it—it "rains" animals. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. heavily /ˈhevɪli/ adv. 大量地；猛烈地（形容雨、雪等） 搭配：rain heavily 下大雨；snow heavily 下大雪；smoke heavily 烟抽得很凶 词转：heavy adj. 重的；大量的（a heavy rain 一场大雨） 例句：It was raining heavily when the storm hit the town. 翻译练习： 昨天晚上雨下得很大，我不得不待在家里。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. fake /feɪk/ adj. 假的；伪造的（v. 假装，n. 假货） 搭配：fake news 假新闻；fake money 假币；a fake smile 假笑 例句：This story may sound like fake news, but it’s true. 词转：faker n. 骗子；造假者 翻译练习： 不要相信网上的假新闻，要学会核实信息。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. strange /streɪndʒ/ adj. 奇怪的；陌生的 搭配：strange weather 奇怪的天气；a strange man 一个陌生人；feel strange 感觉不对劲 词转：strangely adv. 奇怪地（He looked at me strangely.）；strangeness n. 奇怪 近义词：unusual 不寻常的；odd 古怪的 例句：People were surprised by the strange event of raining fish. 翻译练习： 他说了一些奇怪的话，让我们都很困惑。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. throughout /θruːˈaʊt/ prep. 遍及；贯穿（adv. 到处） 搭配：throughout history 贯穿历史；throughout the country 遍及全国；throughout the year 全年 例句：There have been similar reports throughout history. 同义替换：all over（遍及）；during the whole of（贯穿） 翻译练习： 这个博物馆一年到头每天都开放。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. primary /ˈpraɪməri/ adj. 初级的；主要的 搭配：primary school 小学；primary reason 主要原因；primary education 初等教育 例句：In 2017, fish fell from the clouds over a primary school in California. 词转：primarily adv. 主要地（The problem is primarily caused by pollution.） 翻译练习： 我在上海的一所中学上学，今年读六年级。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. cause /kɔːz/ v. 引起；导致（n. 原因） 搭配：cause sth. 引起某事；cause sb. to do sth. 导致某人做某事；the cause of... ……的原因 例句：According to scientists, these strange events are caused by waterspouts. 词转：cause n. 原因（the cause of the accident 事故的原因） 近义词：bring about 引起；lead to 导致 翻译练习： 粗心驾驶会导致很多交通事故，所以开车要小心。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. form /fɔːm/ v. 形成；产生（n. 形式；表格） 搭配：form a habit 养成习惯；form a team 组建团队；form over water 在水面上形成 例句：Waterspouts are tornadoes that form over open water. 词转：formation n. 形成（the formation of clouds 云的形成） 翻译练习： 冬天，湖面上会形成厚厚的冰。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. lift /lɪft/ v. 举起；抬起；卷起（n. 电梯；搭便车） 搭配：lift up 举起；卷起；lift sb. up 扶起某人；give sb. a lift 让某人搭便车 例句：The fast wind inside waterspouts lifts water up into the clouds. 词转：lift n. 电梯（take the lift 坐电梯） 近义词：raise 举起；hoist 吊起 翻译练习： 他太矮了，够不到书架，我帮他把书举了起来。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. energy /ˈenədʒi/ n. 能量；精力；活力 搭配：save energy 节省能源；have much energy 精力充沛；the energy of the wind 风力 词转：energetic adj. 精力充沛的（an energetic boy 一个精力充沛的男孩） 例句：When the energy of the wind starts to fall, the animals fall down too. 翻译练习： 我们应该多做运动，这样才能保持精力充沛。 _____________________________________________________________________ 10. result /rɪˈzʌlt/ n. 结果；后果（v. 导致） 搭配：as a result 结果；the result of... ……的结果；result in 导致 例句：As a result, it “rains” animals when the wind’s energy falls. 词转：resultant adj. 作为结果的（the resultant damage 由此造成的损害） 翻译练习： 他努力学习，结果在考试中取得了好成绩。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语 1. rain cats and dogs 下倾盆大雨（习语） 用法：固定习语，形容雨下得非常大，口语中常用 例句：It was raining cats and dogs when I went home yesterday. 翻译练习： 明天会下倾盆大雨，记得带伞。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. hit the town 袭击城镇 用法：“hit”此处为动词，意为“袭击；撞击”，后接地点，表“自然灾害袭击某地” 拓展：hit the city 袭击城市；a car hit a tree 一辆车撞到了树上 例句：A storm hit the town and left a lot of small fish on the ground. 翻译练习： 一场强烈的台风袭击了沿海(coastal)城市。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. fall from 从……落下 用法：“fall”为不及物动词，后接“from + 地点”，表“从某处落下” 拓展：fall from the sky 从天上落下；fall from the tree 从树上掉下来 例句：People in California saw fish falling from the clouds in 2017. 翻译练习： 秋天，树叶会从树上落下来，铺成一条金色的小路。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. as early as 早在 用法：后接具体时间，表“早在……时候”，用于强调时间早 例句：As early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish. 翻译练习： 早在一百年前，这座城市就已经是重要的商业中心了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. according to 据……所说；根据 用法：后接人、机构或资料，表“信息的来源”，注意后面不加从句 例句：According to scientists, these strange events are caused by waterspouts. 翻译练习： 据天气预报说，明天会是晴天，适合去公园玩。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. at the same time 同时 用法：表两个动作同时发生，可放在句首、句中或句末，句首/句末需加逗号 例句：The wind lifts water up into the clouds, and at the same time, it lifts up some light fish. 翻译练习： 他一边唱歌，一边跳舞，同时还弹着吉他，太厉害了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. start to do sth. 开始做某事 用法：与“start doing sth.”同义，可互换，表“开始进行某个动作” 拓展：begin to do sth. / begin doing sth. （同义替换） 例句：When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water. 翻译练习： 当春天来临时，花儿开始绽放(bloom)，树木开始发芽(sprout)。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. as a result 结果；因此 用法：表因果关系，后接结果，通常放在句首，加逗号与主句隔开 例句：The wind’s energy falls, and as a result, it “rains” animals. 词转：result in 导致（表原因→结果）；result from 由……引起（表结果→原因） 翻译练习： 他每天坚持跑步，结果他的身体变得越来越健康。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、关键句型 1. However, + 句子（然而……） 结构：转折连词，用于句首时，后接逗号；用于句中时，前后加逗号 用法：表“转折关系”，比“but”更正式，可用于书面语和口语 文章原句： ① This may sound like fake news. However, there have been similar reports throughout history. ② It's raining cats and dogs. However, for the people in Texarkana, it was "raining fish." 仿写练习： 他很累。然而，他还是坚持完成了作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ 这本书很难。然而，它非常有趣，我很喜欢读。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. There have been + 名词 + 时间状语（某地/某时存在过……） 结构：there be 句型的现在完成时，表示“从过去到现在，某地/某时存在过某物/某事” 用法：后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，时间状语通常为“throughout history / since... / for...” 文章原句：There have been similar reports of such strange weather throughout history. 拓展：there be 句型的时态变化：there is/are（一般现在时）→ there was/were（一般过去时）→ there have/has been（现在完成时） 仿写练习： 历史上有很多伟大的科学家，他们改变了世界。 _____________________________________________________________________ 自从2020年以来，这个城市发生了很多变化。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. 倒装句：So + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语（……也一样） 结构：表示前面的情况也适用于另一个人或物，前后主语不同 用法：助动词/情态动词/be动词需与前一句的时态保持一致 文章原句：When the energy of the wind starts to fall, so do the animals and water.（前一句是一般现在时，用助动词do） 拓展：否定倒装：Neither/Nor + 助动词/情态动词/be动词 + 主语（……也不） 仿写练习： 我喜欢阅读，我的妹妹也一样。 _____________________________________________________________________ 他会说英语，他的弟弟也会。 _____________________________________________________________________ 外刊精练 I. Complete each sentence with one given item from the box. Each item can be used only once. A. energy B. event C. guess D. lift E. primary F. strange 1. The elevator can ___________ us to the top floor. 2. Generally speaking, ___________ school covers grades one through five. 3. It felt ___________ to be in a city where I didn't know anyone. 4. Let's see if you can ___________ the meaning of this unfamiliar word. 5. The sporting ___________ brought together teams from all over the country. 6. Cooking a simple dinner at home saves both time and ___________ compared to eating out. II. Answer the questions. 1. What unusual weather event took place in Texarkana on December 29, 2021? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. According to the article, what strange weather event happened in California in 2017? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Strange weather events only happened in recent years, didn't they? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. What do scientists believe to be the cause of these strange weather events? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. According to the article，how does it“rain"animals in strange weather events? _____________________________________________________________________ III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1.This may sound like fake news.（改为反义疑问句） This may sound like fake news, ___________ ___________? 2.As early as 2,000 years ago, a Roman writer wrote about storms of frogs and fish.（对划线部分提问） ___________ ___________ a Roman writer write about storms of frogs and fish？ 3.history，been，many，throughout，wars，have，there（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ IV. Retell the passage in your own words. 综合提升练 DIY Self-Watering Planters When we finish our drinks, how can we reuse these plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away? If you have this question too, here is an idea: turn them into self-watering planters. That's right—these planters can water your plants all by themselves. How does it work? It is very simple: A piece of yarn(纱线) sucks(吸) the water up from the bottom of the planter to its top part. Here's how you can make your own self-watering planter. {1} Cut off the top third of a plastic bottle. {2} Remove the cap(瓶盖) of the bottle. Drill(钻孔) a hole in the cap with a hammer and a nail(钉子). {3} Paint the cap and the top part of the bottle. Let them dry. {4} Put a piece of yarn through the hole in the bottle cap. {5} Screw the cap back onto the bottle. {6} Turn the top part of the bottle upside down. Put soil into it and plant your plants. {7}Pour water into the bottom part of the bottle. {8} Place the top part of the bottle inside of the bottom part. Now your self-watering planter is ready. You can add water to its bottom every few weeks. Just put it in the sun and wait for the plants to grow! I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. Each item can be used only once. A. add B. bottom C. dry D. place E. ready F. simple 1. The students are getting ___________ for their exams. 2. I found my keys hiding at the ___________ of my bag. 3. Let's ___________ the chairs in a circle for the meeting. 4. Hang your clothes outside to let them ___________ in the sun. 5. Riding a bike is a(n) ___________ skill to learn for most children. 6.Remember to ___________ water to the vase to keep the flowers fresh. II. Choose the best answer. 1. This article introduces a way to ___________. A. use yarn in gardening B. decorate your planters C. get rid of plastic bottles D. water your plants with less effort 2. Which step comes first in making the self-watering planter? A. Drilling a hole in the bottle cap. B. Adding soil and planting the plants. C. Cutting off the top third of the bottle. D. Painting the cap and the top part of the bottle. 3. How often should water be added to the self-watering planter's bottom? A. Every few days. B. Every few weeks. C.Once a month. D. Only when the soil is dry. 4. What role does the piece of yarn in the self-watering planter play? A. It sucks water from the soil. B. It helps hold the soil in place. C. It supports the plant as it grows. D. It prevents the soil from drying out. III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. How can we reuse these plastic bottles instead of just throwing them away?(保持句意基本不变) How can we reuse these plastic bottles ___________ ___________ just throw them away? 2. These planters can water your plants all by themselves.(保持句意基本不变) These planters can water your plants all ___________ ___________ ___________. 3. can, we, them, reuse, just, throwing, of, plastic bags,away,instead(连词成句) _____________________________________________________________________ How Does a Plant Eat Meat? Have you ever grown any of your own plants? Most plants need soil, water and sunlight to grow. But for the meat-eating pitcher plants(猪笼草), insects are also needed for growth. Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America. The body of a pitcher plant is usually shaped like a pitcher(陶罐) or a bowl. Most pitcher plants also have a lid(盖) over the pitcher-like structure(结构). The lid closes when an insect enters the“pitcher.” How do pitcher plants catch and digest(消化) insects? Well, the plant can produce nectar(花蜜). Nectar is a sweet and sticky(黏糊糊的) liquid. Some insects climb into the pitcher plant in order to get some of this sweet drink. However, they usually fall into a pool of enzymes(酶) in the plant. These enzymes help the pitcher plant break down and digest the insects. Isn't it amazing? I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. Please wait at the __________ until the show begins.(enter) 2. China is the largest __________ of rice in the world.(produce) 3. Eating healthy food is important for children's __________ .(grow) 4. I find it __________ to make a to-do list every morning to stay organized.(help) 5. Different __________ can be found in nature, like circles and triangles.(shape) 6. We were __________ by the talented musicians at the concert last night.(amazing) II. Choose the best answer. 1. According to the article, what do pitcher plants need for growth? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. Where can you find many types of pitcher plants? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. What happens when an insect enters the pitcher of a pitcher plant? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why do some insects climb into pitcher plants? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What role do enzymes play in the pitcher plant's digestive system? _____________________________________________________________________ III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1. Most plants need soil, water and sunlight to grow.(改为否定句) Most plants __________ __________ soil, water and sunlight to grow. 2. Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America. (改为反义疑问句) Many types of pitcher plants grow in North and South America, __________ __________? 3. Some insects climb into the pitcher plant in order to get some of this sweet drink.(对划线部分提问) __________ __________ some insects climb into the pitcher plant? 4. stay, in, some, fish, together, to, order, safe, swim(连词成句) _____________________________________________________________________ 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $