第2讲 外刊阅读之人与社会（寒假预习讲义）六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第2讲 外刊阅读之人与社会 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 A fake musician King Xuan was one of the rulers of the Qi State. He led the state from 319 - 301 B.C. King Xuan of Qi was a fan of music. He really liked listening to large orchestras(管弦乐队). He loved it when hundreds of musicians played the Yu, a wooden wind instrument. A man named Nan Guo heard about this. It gave him an idea. He went to see the ruler, and told him that he was good at playing the Yu. King Xuan was very happy and allowed Nan Guo to join the royal(皇家的) orchestra. In fact, Nan Guo didn't know how to play the Yu! He did not see that as a problem, though. I can just fake it. Hundreds of musicians will be playing together. No one will be able to hear me play—or not play! he thought to himself. One show after another, Nan Guo faked playing the Yu. For a long time, no one noticed that his instrument was silent. The ruler enjoyed many songs his orchestra played. But King Xuan couldn't rule forever. Eventually(最终), his son, King Min, took over. King Min also liked music. But unlike his father, he liked solo performances. "Bring me the best musicians from the orchestra!" King Min of Qi ordered. "I would like to hear them play—one at a time!" Nan Guo was frightened. He knew his lie would be caught, so, right away, he made his escape. He ran far, far away, never to be seen or heard from again. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. fake /feɪk/ v. 假装；伪造；adj. 假的 搭配：fake playing 假装演奏；fake news 假新闻 词转：faker n. 骗子 例句：Nan Guo faked playing the Yu. 翻译练习： 他假装在听老师讲课。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ruler /ˈruːlə(r)/ n. 统治者；尺子 搭配：a ruler of the state 国家统治者；wooden ruler 木尺 词转：rule v. 统治；规定 例句：King Xuan was a ruler of the Qi State. 翻译练习： 这位统治者很喜欢音乐。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 乐器；工具 搭配：wind instrument 管乐器；musical instrument 乐器 例句：The Yu is a wooden wind instrument. 翻译练习： 他会演奏多种乐器。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ adj. 沉默的；无声的 搭配：remain silent 保持沉默；silent instrument 无声的乐器 词转：silence n. 沉默 反义词：noisy 吵闹的 例句：No one noticed his instrument was silent. 翻译练习： 图书馆里必须保持安静。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. solo /ˈsəʊləʊ/ adj. 独奏的；单独的（n. 独奏） 搭配：solo performance 独奏表演；solo singer 独唱歌手 例句：King Min liked solo performances. 翻译练习： 她的钢琴独奏很精彩。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/ adj. 害怕的 搭配：feel frightened 感到害怕；be frightened of sth. 害怕某物 词转：frighten v. 使害怕 近义词：scared 害怕的 例句：Nan Guo was frightened when he heard the order. 翻译练习： 看到那条大狗，他很害怕。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ v./n. 逃跑；逃脱 搭配：make one’s escape 逃跑；escape from 从……逃脱 例句：He made his escape right away. 翻译练习： 那只鸟从笼子里逃了出来。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语 1. hear about 听说 例句：Nan Guo heard about King Xuan’s love for music. 翻译练习： 我听说你下周要去旅行。 _____________________________________________________________________ hear 其他短语 ①hear from 收到……的消息/来信 例句：I haven’t heard from my friend for a month. 翻译练习： 她上周收到了她奶奶的信。 ____________________________________________________________________ ②hear of 听说（某人/某事） 例句：Have you heard of this famous musician? 翻译练习： 我从没听说过这个故事。 _____________________________________________________________________ ③hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 例句：I heard her singing in the next room. 翻译练习： 我听到外面有人在说话。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. be good at 擅长 例句：Nan Guo lied that he was good at playing the Yu. 翻译练习： 她擅长弹钢琴。 _____________________________________________________________________ be good at 同义/反义短语 ①同义短语 do well in 在……方面做得好 例句：She does well in playing the piano. 翻译练习： 他在数学方面做得很好。 _____________________________________________________________________ ②反义短语 be bad at 不擅长…… 例句：I’m bad at drawing. 翻译练习： 她不擅长运动。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. take over 接管；继位 例句：King Min took over after King Xuan. 翻译练习： 他的儿子将接管这家公司。 _____________________________________________________________________ take 其他短语 ①take up 开始学习/从事（爱好/活动） 例句：He took up playing the Yu last year. 翻译练习： 她开始学习画画了。 _____________________________________________________________________ ②take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞 例句：Take off your coat—it’s warm inside. 翻译练习： 飞机将在半小时后起飞。 _____________________________________________________________________ ③take care of 照顾 例句：Please take care of my cat when I’m away. 翻译练习： 她在家照顾她的弟弟。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. one at a time 一次一个 例句：King Min wanted to hear musicians play one at a time. 翻译练习： 请一次一个人进房间。 _____________________________________________________________________ Please enter the room one at a time. time 其他短语 ①at the same time 同时 例句：They started playing the Yu at the same time. 翻译练习： 我们可以同时完成这两项任务吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ ②on time 按时 例句：Please hand in your homework on time. 翻译练习： 他每天都按时上学。 _____________________________________________________________________ ③in time 及时 例句：We arrived at the cinema in time for the movie. 翻译练习： 他及时赶到车站赶上了火车。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. right away 立刻；马上 例句：He made his escape right away. 翻译练习： 我需要你立刻完成作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ right away 同义短语 ①at once 立刻；马上 例句：Do it at once—don’t wait. 翻译练习： 听到铃声后，学生们立刻跑回了教室。 _____________________________________________________________________ ②immediately 立刻（更正式） 例句：The teacher asked him to come immediately. 翻译练习： 请立刻把这个消息告诉他。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 例句：He pretended to be playing the Yu. 翻译练习： 她假装没看到我。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. be made up of 由……组成 用法：表示“某物由……构成”。 翻译练习： 这杯果汁由苹果和橙子组成。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 例句：King Min ordered the musicians to play one at a time. 翻译练习： 老师命令我们安静下来。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、关键句型 1. “It gave him an idea.” （这给了他一个主意。） 用法：“give sb. an idea” 表示“给某人一个想法”，用于描述灵感的产生。 仿写：看到下雨，这给了他带伞的主意。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. “He loved it when hundreds of musicians played the Yu.” （他喜欢数百名乐师一起吹竽。） 用法：“love it when + 从句” 表示“喜欢……的时刻”，it 作形式宾语，when 从句是真正宾语。 仿写：我喜欢朋友来我家的时候。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. “Unlike his father, he liked solo performances.” （和他父亲不同，他喜欢独奏表演。） 用法：“unlike + 名词” 表示“和……不同”，用于对比两个事物。 仿写：和我妹妹不同，我喜欢吃辣的食物。 _____________________________________________________________________ 四、语法讲解 1.一般过去时（故事类文章核心时态） 用法：描述过去发生的动作（故事的情节、人物的行为）。 例句：“King Xuan led the state from 319-301 B.C.”“Nan Guo faked playing.” 动词过去式变化： 规则变化：play → played；like → liked 不规则变化：take → took；make → made 2. “so”引导的结果状语从句 用法：表示“因此、所以”，连接因果关系的两个句子。 例句：“He knew his lie would be caught, so he made his escape.” 仿写：他没做作业，所以老师批评了(criticize)他。 _____________________________________________________________________ 外刊精练 I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. The __________ performed a beautiful symphony last night. (music) 2. She __________ to play the violin, but everyone knew she was faking. (pretend) 3. The king's rule __________ for nearly 20 years. (last) 4. The audience was amazed by the __________ of the soloist. (perform) 5. He made a quick __________ when he realized his mistake. (escape) 6. The park __________ people to walk their dogs there. (allow) II. Choose the best answer. 1. Why did Nan Guo decide to join the royal orchestra? A. He was a talented musician. B. He wanted to impress the king. C. He realized he could hide his lack of skill in a large group of musicians. D. He wanted to learn to play the Yu from the king's musicians. 2. How did Nan Guo manage to stay in the orchestra for so long? A. He practiced hard every day. B. The king liked his performance. C. He pretended to be playing among many musicians. D. He played the Yu the loudest in the orchestra. 3. What happened when King Min took over? A. He fired all the musicians. B. He ordered solo performances. C. He continued his father's tradition. D. He banned music in the palace. 4. What lesson does the story teach? A. Leaders should listen to advice. B. Music is important in royal courts. C. Cheating will eventually be discovered. D. Solo performances are always better than group performances. III. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese. 1. 他假装生病以逃避考试。 He ______________________________ to avoid the exam. 2. 听到这个消息后，她立刻跑出了房间。 After hearing the news, she ran out of the room ____________________. 3. 这个乐队由十名才华横溢的音乐家组成。 This band is ______________________________ ten talented musicians. 4. 最终，他们找到了解决问题的办法。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 国王命令士兵们立刻出发。 _____________________________________________________________________ IV. Retell the passage in your own words. Passage 02 外刊精讲 How to Make Up With Friends? Friendships are wonderful, but sometimes friends do quarrel with each other. Since it can be hard to know what to do in such situations, we have some tips for you. Make up with your friend To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out with your friend: ●Set a time to talk—When you and your friend are both ready and calm, set a time to talk ●Talk about your feelings—Use“I”statements(陈述) and be specific. ●Be open—Let your friend share his or her feelings and thoughts. ●Apologize—Say you're sorry if you said or did anything wrong in the quarrel. ●Fix things together—Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again. Adjust(调整) yourself When a friendship doesn't go smoothly, you may feel upset or angry.Here are some ways to deal with these feelings： It's OK to be sad. Take care of yourself. Be polite and respectful. Keep yourself busy. Try something new. Talk to someone about how you feel. Our Kids Helpline is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you need more help, please feel free to contact us. √1800-55-1800 √ Email us √ Webchat with us 一、核心词汇精讲 1. quarrel /ˈkwɒrəl/ n. 争吵；v. 吵架 搭配：have a quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架；quarrel about sth. 因某事吵架 例句：They had a quarrel over a small thing. 翻译练习： 我昨天和朋友吵了一架。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. calm /kɑːm/ adj. 冷静的；v. 使平静 搭配：stay calm 保持冷静；calm down 平静下来 词转：calmly adv. 冷静地 例句：We need to be calm when talking with friends. 翻译练习： 深吸一口气，让自己平静下来。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 具体的；明确的 搭配：be specific about sth. 对某事具体说明 例句：You should be specific when talking about your feelings. 翻译练习： 请具体告诉我你需要什么帮助。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 搭配：apologize to sb. 向某人道歉；apologize for sth. 因某事道歉 词转：apology n. 道歉 例句：He apologized to his friend for his mistake. 翻译练习： 你应该向她道歉，因为你错了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的；沮丧的 搭配：feel upset 感到难过；be upset about sth. 因某事沮丧 近义词：sad 难过的 例句：She felt upset after the quarrel. 翻译练习： 他因为考试没通过而感到沮丧。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. respectful /rɪˈspektf(ə)l/ adj. 尊重的；有礼貌的 搭配：be respectful to sb. 对某人尊重；a respectful attitude 尊重的态度 词转：respect v./n. 尊重；respectfully adv. 尊重地 近义词：polite 有礼貌的 例句：We should be respectful when talking with friends. 翻译练习： 对长辈保持尊重是很重要的。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. contact /ˈkɒntækt/ v./n. 联系 搭配：contact sb. 联系某人；keep in contact 保持联系 例句：You can contact Kids Helpline by phone. 翻译练习： 如果你有问题，可以通过邮件联系我。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. smooth /smuːð/ adj. 顺利的；平稳的；v. 使平滑 搭配：go smoothly 进展顺利；smooth flight 平稳的航班；smooth the way 铺平道路 词转：smoothly adv. 顺利地；smoothness n. 平滑；顺利 反义词：rough 粗糙的；不顺利的 例句：We hope the talk with our friend goes smoothly. 翻译练习： 一切都按计划顺利进行了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 二、重点短语 1. make up with sb. 和某人和好 例句：We should learn to make up with friends after quarrels. 翻译：她和朋友吵架后，很快就和好了。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. talk things out 把事情说清楚 例句：It’s important to talk things out with your friend. 翻译：我们坐下来把误会说清楚吧。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. stop...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 例句：We need to stop such quarrels from happening again. 翻译：我们应该阻止孩子玩危险的游戏。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. deal with 处理；应对 例句：Here are ways to deal with upset feelings. 翻译：你是如何处理学习压力的？ _____________________________________________________________________ 5. feel free to do sth. 随意做某事 例句：Please feel free to contact us if you need help. 翻译：你可以随意使用这个房间里的书。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、关键句型 1. “To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out.” （和朋友吵架后和好，把事情说清楚很重要。） 用法：“To + 动词原形”作目的状语，“it’s important to do sth.”表示“做某事很重要”。 仿写：要学好英语，每天练习很重要。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. “Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again.” （讨论如何阻止这类情况再次发生。） 用法：“how to do sth.”作宾语，用于表达“如何做某事”。 仿写：我们需要讨论如何解决这个问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ 四、语法讲解 1. 反义疑问句 结构：“前肯后否，前否后肯”，主语用代词替代。 例句：“It’s important to talk things out, isn’t it?”（把事情说清楚很重要，不是吗？） 仿写：你喜欢这个故事，不是吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ 外刊精练 I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. We had a very ___________ flight. (smoothly) 2. He took a deep breath to calm his ___________. (angry) 3. He ___________ refused the invitation to the party. (polite) 4. In college, you have the ___________ to choose your own courses. (free) 5. After a long ___________,we finally agreed on a solution. (discuss) 6. This story teaches us the ___________ of being honest. (important) II. Choose the best answer. 1. The article is mainly about how to ___________. A. fix problems with friends B. avoid arguing with friends C. make new friends at school D. keep a positive mood in daily life 2. If you want to make up with a friend after a quarrel, you should ___________. A. wait for your friend to say sorry first B. listen patiently to how your friend feels C. discuss the problem with your friend right away D. talk with your friend about your feelings starting with "you" 3. What should you do if you feel upset or angry after a quarrel? A. Try some new hobbies. B. Keep your feelings to yourself. C. End the friendship immediately. D. Keep telling yourself not to feel sad. 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A.You can only reach out to Kids Helpline by phone. B.The Kids Helpline is open 24 hours, all year round. C.You are most likely to find this article in a science magazine. D.The Kids Helpline offers support for friendship problems only. III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1.To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out with your friend.（改为反义疑问句） To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out with your friend, ___________ ___________? 2.You and your friend are both ready and calm.（改为否定句） You and your friend are ___________ ready ___________ calm. 3.Say you're sorry if you said or did anything wrong in the quarrel.（保持句意基本不变） ___________ if you said or did anything wrong in the quarrel. 4.Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again, （保持句意基本不变） Discuss ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ to stop such situations from happening again. 5, how, your, feel, talk if, to, someone, are, upset, about, you（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ IV. Retell the passage in your own words. 综合提升练 No Turning Back At the end of the Warring States period(战国时期), Ying Zheng(嬴政) unified(统一) six states(诸侯国) and started the Qin dynasty. But soon after his son Huhai(胡亥) became the new emperor, the six states wanted to rise again. They were often at war with Qin. One day, Zhao couldn't win against Qin's army and asked for help from Chu. The ruler(统治者) of Chu agreed to send an army. Song Yi (宋义) was the leader of the army and Xiang Yu(项羽) was his deputy(副官). When this army reached a town before the Zhanghe River(漳河), Song decided to stay there for a while. The soldiers had to wait for his orders while cold and hungry. But Song himself enjoyed nice food and interesting performances. About a month later, Xiang finally lost his patience and killed Song. When he became the new leader of the army, Xiang sent a group of soldiers to cross the Zhanghe River first to help Zhao. He then led the rest of his soldiers across the river. As soon as they got on the shore, the soldiers received an order from Xiang: "Break all the pots and sink all the boats. Either your enemies die, or you die!" There was no way of turning back. When the soldiers met Qin's army, they shouted loudly and fought very bravely. In the end, Xiang's army won the war. I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. She was very ___________ to learn to ski at the age of 50. (bravely) 2. She's starting to get ___________ in history. (interesting) 3. The disease causes thousands of ___________ a year. (die) 4. He ___________ us out into the garden to see the flowers. (leader) 5. Dinner will be ready in half an hour—just be ___________! (patience) 6. My parents supported my ___________ to move out and live on my own. (decide) II. Answer the questions. 1. What did the six states want to do after Huhai became emperor? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What did Chu do in response to Zhao's call for help? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Xiang Yu was always the leader of the Chu army, wasn't he? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why was Xiang Yu angry with Song Yi? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What did Xiang Yu ask his soldiers to do after they crossed the Zhanghe River? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What do you think of Xiang Yu's order? _____________________________________________________________________ III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. One day, Zhao couldn't win against Qin's armyand asked for help from Chu. （保持句意基本不变） One day, Zhao couldn't win against Qin's army and ___________ ___________ Chu for help. 2. The ruler of Chu agreed to send an army. （改为否定句） The ruler of Chu ___________ ___________ to send an army. 3. The soldiers had to wait for his orders while cold and hungry.(对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ the soldiers have to wait for while cold and hungry? 4. There was no way of turning back.（改为反义疑问句） There was no way of turning back, ___________ ___________? 5. new leader, he, became, to, as soon as, he, the,river, gave, the, the, cross, order （连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ Ride With Me Around Shanghai! Do you want to explore the city of Shanghai? Why not join our half-day cycling tour? We will provide you with bicycles. Our guide will lead you through some of the most interesting places in Shanghai. It will take you three hours to cycle about twenty kilometers. Hop(跳上) on the bike and let's go! ·Your trip will start at People's Square. This is the largest square in the city. It is home to the Shanghai Museum and many other important buildings. ·Go forward to Tianzifang. There're many cafes and interesting stores to be found down these traditional Shanghai alleys(巷子). ·Explore Xintiandi. There are many fashionable shops in the area's old Shikumen-style(石库门风格的) buildings. ·Move on to Shanghai Old Street. Ride through the streets that have been there for centuries. ·Cycle along the wide Binjiang Avenue(滨江大道) in Pudong New Area. Enjoy the cityscape(城市景观) of modern Shanghai! I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. These old houses are __________ of stone. (building) 2. I lost __________ half way through the film. (interesting) 3. His plays are still __________ performed in the U.S. (wide) 4. We need to carry out a full ________________ of all the possibilities. (explore) 5. The health report stresses the __________ of fresh food in a diet. (important) II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long will you spend on the cycling tour? A. Two hours. B. Three hours. C. Twelve hours. D. Twenty hours. 2. Where does the cycling tour start? A. At Xintiandi. B. At Tianzifang. C. At People's Square. D. On Binjiang Avenue. 3. What is special about Xintiandi? A. It features traditional Shanghai alleys. B. It is home to many important buildings. C. It offers a view of modern Shanghai cityscape. D. It has many fashionable shops in old Shikumen-style buildings. 4. How much does the cycling tour cost for a groupof seven people in total? A.$140. B.$210. C.$280. D.$350. III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. We will provide you with bicycles.(保持句意基本不变) We will __________ bicycles __________ you. 2. Our guide will lead you through some of the most interesting places in Shanghai. (改为被动语态) You will __________ __________ __________ some of the most interesting places in Shanghai by our guide. 3. This square is the largest square in the city.(保持句意基本不变) This square is __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ in the city. 4.wildlife, the forest, variety, home, of, to,a,is (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 外刊阅读之人与社会 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 Passage 01 外刊精讲 A fake musician King Xuan was one of the rulers of the Qi State. He led the state from 319 - 301 B.C. King Xuan of Qi was a fan of music. He really liked listening to large orchestras(管弦乐队). He loved it when hundreds of musicians played the Yu, a wooden wind instrument. A man named Nan Guo heard about this. It gave him an idea. He went to see the ruler, and told him that he was good at playing the Yu. King Xuan was very happy and allowed Nan Guo to join the royal(皇家的) orchestra. In fact, Nan Guo didn't know how to play the Yu! He did not see that as a problem, though. I can just fake it. Hundreds of musicians will be playing together. No one will be able to hear me play—or not play! he thought to himself. One show after another, Nan Guo faked playing the Yu. For a long time, no one noticed that his instrument was silent. The ruler enjoyed many songs his orchestra played. But King Xuan couldn't rule forever. Eventually(最终), his son, King Min, took over. King Min also liked music. But unlike his father, he liked solo performances. "Bring me the best musicians from the orchestra!" King Min of Qi ordered. "I would like to hear them play—one at a time!" Nan Guo was frightened. He knew his lie would be caught, so, right away, he made his escape. He ran far, far away, never to be seen or heard from again. 一、核心词汇精讲 1. fake /feɪk/ v. 假装；伪造；adj. 假的 搭配：fake playing 假装演奏；fake news 假新闻 词转：faker n. 骗子 例句：Nan Guo faked playing the Yu. 翻译练习： 他假装在听老师讲课。 _____________________________________________________________________ He faked listening to the teacher. 2. ruler /ˈruːlə(r)/ n. 统治者；尺子 搭配：a ruler of the state 国家统治者；wooden ruler 木尺 词转：rule v. 统治；规定 例句：King Xuan was a ruler of the Qi State. 翻译练习： 这位统治者很喜欢音乐。 _____________________________________________________________________ This ruler was very fond of music./This ruler liked music very much. 3. instrument /ˈɪnstrəmənt/ n. 乐器；工具 搭配：wind instrument 管乐器；musical instrument 乐器 例句：The Yu is a wooden wind instrument. 翻译练习： 他会演奏多种乐器。 _____________________________________________________________________ He can play many kinds of instruments. 4. silent /ˈsaɪlənt/ adj. 沉默的；无声的 搭配：remain silent 保持沉默；silent instrument 无声的乐器 词转：silence n. 沉默 反义词：noisy 吵闹的 例句：No one noticed his instrument was silent. 翻译练习： 图书馆里必须保持安静。 _____________________________________________________________________ We must keep silent in the library. 5. solo /ˈsəʊləʊ/ adj. 独奏的；单独的（n. 独奏） 搭配：solo performance 独奏表演；solo singer 独唱歌手 例句：King Min liked solo performances. 翻译练习： 她的钢琴独奏很精彩。 _____________________________________________________________________ Her piano solo was wonderful. 6. frightened /ˈfraɪtnd/ adj. 害怕的 搭配：feel frightened 感到害怕；be frightened of sth. 害怕某物 词转：frighten v. 使害怕 近义词：scared 害怕的 例句：Nan Guo was frightened when he heard the order. 翻译练习： 看到那条大狗，他很害怕。 _____________________________________________________________________ He was frightened when he saw the big dog. 7. escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ v./n. 逃跑；逃脱 搭配：make one’s escape 逃跑；escape from 从……逃脱 例句：He made his escape right away. 翻译练习： 那只鸟从笼子里逃了出来。 _____________________________________________________________________ The bird escaped from the cage. 二、重点短语 1. hear about 听说 例句：Nan Guo heard about King Xuan’s love for music. 翻译练习： 我听说你下周要去旅行。 _____________________________________________________________________ I heard about your trip next week. hear 其他短语 ①hear from 收到……的消息/来信 例句：I haven’t heard from my friend for a month. 翻译练习： 她上周收到了她奶奶的信。 ____________________________________________________________________ She heard from her grandma last week. ②hear of 听说（某人/某事） 例句：Have you heard of this famous musician? 翻译练习： 我从没听说过这个故事。 _____________________________________________________________________ I’ve never heard of this story. ③hear sb. doing sth. 听到某人正在做某事 例句：I heard her singing in the next room. 翻译练习： 我听到外面有人在说话。 _____________________________________________________________________ I heard someone talking outside. 2. be good at 擅长 例句：Nan Guo lied that he was good at playing the Yu. 翻译练习： 她擅长弹钢琴。 _____________________________________________________________________ She is good at playing the piano. be good at 同义/反义短语 ①同义短语 do well in 在……方面做得好 例句：She does well in playing the piano. 翻译练习： 他在数学方面做得很好。 _____________________________________________________________________ He does well in math. ②反义短语 be bad at 不擅长…… 例句：I’m bad at drawing. 翻译练习： 她不擅长运动。 _____________________________________________________________________ She is bad at sports. 3. take over 接管；继位 例句：King Min took over after King Xuan. 翻译练习： 他的儿子将接管这家公司。 _____________________________________________________________________ His son will take over the company. take 其他短语 ①take up 开始学习/从事（爱好/活动） 例句：He took up playing the Yu last year. 翻译练习： 她开始学习画画了。 _____________________________________________________________________ She took up drawing. ②take off 脱下；（飞机）起飞 例句：Take off your coat—it’s warm inside. 翻译练习： 飞机将在半小时后起飞。 _____________________________________________________________________ The plane will take off in half an hour. ③take care of 照顾 例句：Please take care of my cat when I’m away. 翻译练习： 她在家照顾她的弟弟。 _____________________________________________________________________ She takes care of her little brother at home. 4. one at a time 一次一个 例句：King Min wanted to hear musicians play one at a time. 翻译练习： 请一次一个人进房间。 _____________________________________________________________________ Please enter the room one at a time. time 其他短语 ①at the same time 同时 例句：They started playing the Yu at the same time. 翻译练习： 我们可以同时完成这两项任务吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ Can we finish these two tasks at the same time? ②on time 按时 例句：Please hand in your homework on time. 翻译练习： 他每天都按时上学。 _____________________________________________________________________ He goes to school on time every day. ③in time 及时 例句：We arrived at the cinema in time for the movie. 翻译练习： 他及时赶到车站赶上了火车。 _____________________________________________________________________ He got to the station in time to catch the train. 5. right away 立刻；马上 例句：He made his escape right away. 翻译练习： 我需要你立刻完成作业。 _____________________________________________________________________ I need you to finish your homework right away. right away 同义短语 ①at once 立刻；马上 例句：Do it at once—don’t wait. 翻译练习： 听到铃声后，学生们立刻跑回了教室。 _____________________________________________________________________ After hearing the bell, the students ran back to the classroom at once. ②immediately 立刻（更正式） 例句：The teacher asked him to come immediately. 翻译练习： 请立刻把这个消息告诉他。 _____________________________________________________________________ Please tell him this news immediately. 6. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 例句：He pretended to be playing the Yu. 翻译练习： 她假装没看到我。 _____________________________________________________________________ She pretended not to see me. 7. be made up of 由……组成 用法：表示“某物由……构成”。 翻译练习： 这杯果汁由苹果和橙子组成。 _____________________________________________________________________ This juice is made up of apples and oranges. 8. order sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事 例句：King Min ordered the musicians to play one at a time. 翻译练习： 老师命令我们安静下来。 _____________________________________________________________________ The teacher ordered us to be quiet. 三、关键句型 1. “It gave him an idea.” （这给了他一个主意。） 用法：“give sb. an idea” 表示“给某人一个想法”，用于描述灵感的产生。 仿写：看到下雨，这给了他带伞的主意。 _____________________________________________________________________ Seeing the rain gave him an idea to take an umbrella. 2. “He loved it when hundreds of musicians played the Yu.” （他喜欢数百名乐师一起吹竽。） 用法：“love it when + 从句” 表示“喜欢……的时刻”，it 作形式宾语，when 从句是真正宾语。 仿写：我喜欢朋友来我家的时候。 _____________________________________________________________________ I love it when my friends come to my home. 3. “Unlike his father, he liked solo performances.” （和他父亲不同，他喜欢独奏表演。） 用法：“unlike + 名词” 表示“和……不同”，用于对比两个事物。 仿写：和我妹妹不同，我喜欢吃辣的食物。 _____________________________________________________________________ Unlike my sister, I like eating spicy food. 四、语法讲解 1.一般过去时（故事类文章核心时态） 用法：描述过去发生的动作（故事的情节、人物的行为）。 例句：“King Xuan led the state from 319-301 B.C.”“Nan Guo faked playing.” 动词过去式变化： 规则变化：play → played；like → liked 不规则变化：take → took；make → made 2. “so”引导的结果状语从句 用法：表示“因此、所以”，连接因果关系的两个句子。 例句：“He knew his lie would be caught, so he made his escape.” 仿写：他没做作业，所以老师批评了(criticize)他。 _____________________________________________________________________ He didn’t do his homework, so the teacher criticized him. 外刊精练 I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. The __________ performed a beautiful symphony last night. (music) 2. She __________ to play the violin, but everyone knew she was faking. (pretend) 3. The king's rule __________ for nearly 20 years. (last) 4. The audience was amazed by the __________ of the soloist. (perform) 5. He made a quick __________ when he realized his mistake. (escape) 6. The park __________ people to walk their dogs there. (allow) 【答案及解析】 1. musicians解析：空格前是定冠词“The”，后接动词“performed”，需填名词作主语；“music”的名词形式是“musician（音乐家）”，结合“performed a symphony（演奏交响乐）”可知是多人，故用复数“musicians”。 2. pretended解析：根据“but everyone knew she was faking（但大家都知道她在装）”可知动作发生在过去，需用一般过去时；“pretend”的过去式是“pretended”。 3. lasted解析：“The king’s rule（国王的统治）”是主语，后接时间状语“for nearly 20 years（持续近20年）”，需用一般过去时（统治是过去的事）；“last”的过去式是“lasted”。 4. performance解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，需填名词；“perform”的名词形式是“performance（表演）”，对应“the soloist（独奏者）”的表演。 5. escape解析：空格前是形容词“quick”，需填名词；“escape”可作名词，“make a quick escape”是固定搭配，意为“迅速逃跑”。 6. allows解析：主语“The park（公园）”是单数，描述客观规则用一般现在时；“allow”的第三人称单数形式是“allows”。 II. Choose the best answer. 1. Why did Nan Guo decide to join the royal orchestra? A. He was a talented musician. B. He wanted to impress the king. C. He realized he could hide his lack of skill in a large group of musicians. D. He wanted to learn to play the Yu from the king's musicians. 2. How did Nan Guo manage to stay in the orchestra for so long? A. He practiced hard every day. B. The king liked his performance. C. He pretended to be playing among many musicians. D. He played the Yu the loudest in the orchestra. 3. What happened when King Min took over? A. He fired all the musicians. B. He ordered solo performances. C. He continued his father's tradition. D. He banned music in the palace. 4. What lesson does the story teach? A. Leaders should listen to advice. B. Music is important in royal courts. C. Cheating will eventually be discovered. D. Solo performances are always better than group performances. 【答案及解析】 1. C解析：题目问“南郭为什么决定加入皇家乐队”，结合“滥竽充数”的故事，南郭知道自己可以在大乐队中掩盖技艺不足，对应选项C。 2. C解析：题目问“南郭如何在乐队待了这么久”，故事中他靠混在众多乐师里装演奏，对应选项C。 3. B解析：题目问“闵王继位后发生了什么”，故事中闵王要求独奏，对应选项B。 4. C解析：题目问“故事的寓意是什么”，“滥竽充数”的寓意是欺骗最终会被揭穿，对应选项C。 III. Complete the sentences according to the Chinese. 1. 他假装生病以逃避考试。 He ______________________________ to avoid the exam. 2. 听到这个消息后，她立刻跑出了房间。 After hearing the news, she ran out of the room ____________________. 3. 这个乐队由十名才华横溢的音乐家组成。 This band is ______________________________ ten talented musicians. 4. 最终，他们找到了解决问题的办法。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. 国王命令士兵们立刻出发。 _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. pretended to be ill解析：“假装生病”是“pretend to be ill”；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时“pretended”。 2. right away/at once解析：“立刻”的常用表达是“right away”或“at once”，放在句末作状语。 3. made up of解析：“由……组成”的固定短语是“be made up of”，符合“乐队由乐师组成”的语境。 4. Eventually, they found a way to solve the problem/found the solution to the problem 解析：“最终”是“Eventually”；“找到解决问题的办法”可表达为“find a way to solve the problem”或“find the solution to the problem”；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时“found”。 5. The king ordered the soldiers to set off right away/at once 解析：“命令某人做某事”是“order sb. to do sth.”；“立刻出发”是“set off right away/at once”；动作发生在过去，用一般过去时“ordered”。 IV. Retell the passage in your own words. King Xuan of Qi loved music, especially when hundreds of musicians played the Yu together. A man named Nan Guo heard about this and lied that he was good at playing the Yu. King Xuan was happy and allowed him to join the royal orchestra. In fact, Nan Guo didn’t know how to play the Yu. He just faked playing in the group, and no one noticed for a long time. Later, King Xuan died, and his son King Min took over. Unlike his father, King Min liked solo performances and wanted musicians to play one at a time. Nan Guo was very frightened. He knew his lie would be caught, so he made his escape right away and never came back. Passage 02 外刊精讲 How to Make Up With Friends? Friendships are wonderful, but sometimes friends do quarrel with each other. Since it can be hard to know what to do in such situations, we have some tips for you. Make up with your friend To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out with your friend: ●Set a time to talk—When you and your friend are both ready and calm, set a time to talk ●Talk about your feelings—Use“I”statements(陈述) and be specific. ●Be open—Let your friend share his or her feelings and thoughts. ●Apologize—Say you're sorry if you said or did anything wrong in the quarrel. ●Fix things together—Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again. Adjust(调整) yourself When a friendship doesn't go smoothly, you may feel upset or angry.Here are some ways to deal with these feelings： It's OK to be sad. Take care of yourself. Be polite and respectful. Keep yourself busy. Try something new. Talk to someone about how you feel. Our Kids Helpline is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you need more help, please feel free to contact us. √1800-55-1800 √ Email us √ Webchat with us 一、核心词汇精讲 1. quarrel /ˈkwɒrəl/ n. 争吵；v. 吵架 搭配：have a quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架；quarrel about sth. 因某事吵架 例句：They had a quarrel over a small thing. 翻译练习： 我昨天和朋友吵了一架。 _____________________________________________________________________ I had a quarrel with my friend yesterday. 2. calm /kɑːm/ adj. 冷静的；v. 使平静 搭配：stay calm 保持冷静；calm down 平静下来 词转：calmly adv. 冷静地 例句：We need to be calm when talking with friends. 翻译练习： 深吸一口气，让自己平静下来。 _____________________________________________________________________ Take a deep breath to calm yourself down. 3. specific /spəˈsɪfɪk/ adj. 具体的；明确的 搭配：be specific about sth. 对某事具体说明 例句：You should be specific when talking about your feelings. 翻译练习： 请具体告诉我你需要什么帮助。 _____________________________________________________________________ Please tell me specifically what help you need. 4. apologize /əˈpɒlədʒaɪz/ v. 道歉 搭配：apologize to sb. 向某人道歉；apologize for sth. 因某事道歉 词转：apology n. 道歉 例句：He apologized to his friend for his mistake. 翻译练习： 你应该向她道歉，因为你错了。 _____________________________________________________________________ You should apologize to her because you were wrong. 5. upset /ʌpˈset/ adj. 难过的；沮丧的 搭配：feel upset 感到难过；be upset about sth. 因某事沮丧 近义词：sad 难过的 例句：She felt upset after the quarrel. 翻译练习： 他因为考试没通过而感到沮丧。 _____________________________________________________________________ He felt upset because he failed the exam. 6. respectful /rɪˈspektf(ə)l/ adj. 尊重的；有礼貌的 搭配：be respectful to sb. 对某人尊重；a respectful attitude 尊重的态度 词转：respect v./n. 尊重；respectfully adv. 尊重地 近义词：polite 有礼貌的 例句：We should be respectful when talking with friends. 翻译练习： 对长辈保持尊重是很重要的。 _____________________________________________________________________ It’s important to be respectful to elders. 7. contact /ˈkɒntækt/ v./n. 联系 搭配：contact sb. 联系某人；keep in contact 保持联系 例句：You can contact Kids Helpline by phone. 翻译练习： 如果你有问题，可以通过邮件联系我。 _____________________________________________________________________ You can contact me by email if you have questions. 8. smooth /smuːð/ adj. 顺利的；平稳的；v. 使平滑 搭配：go smoothly 进展顺利；smooth flight 平稳的航班；smooth the way 铺平道路 词转：smoothly adv. 顺利地；smoothness n. 平滑；顺利 反义词：rough 粗糙的；不顺利的 例句：We hope the talk with our friend goes smoothly. 翻译练习： 一切都按计划顺利进行了。 _____________________________________________________________________ Everything went smoothly as planned. 二、重点短语 1. make up with sb. 和某人和好 例句：We should learn to make up with friends after quarrels. 翻译：她和朋友吵架后，很快就和好了。 _____________________________________________________________________ She made up with her friend soon after their quarrel. 2. talk things out 把事情说清楚 例句：It’s important to talk things out with your friend. 翻译：我们坐下来把误会说清楚吧。 _____________________________________________________________________ Let’s sit down and talk things out about the misunderstanding. 3. stop...from doing sth. 阻止……做某事 例句：We need to stop such quarrels from happening again. 翻译：我们应该阻止孩子玩危险的游戏。 _____________________________________________________________________ We should stop kids from playing dangerous games. 4. deal with 处理；应对 例句：Here are ways to deal with upset feelings. 翻译：你是如何处理学习压力的？ _____________________________________________________________________ How do you deal with study pressure? 5. feel free to do sth. 随意做某事 例句：Please feel free to contact us if you need help. 翻译：你可以随意使用这个房间里的书。 _____________________________________________________________________ You can feel free to use the books in this room. 三、关键句型 1. “To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out.” （和朋友吵架后和好，把事情说清楚很重要。） 用法：“To + 动词原形”作目的状语，“it’s important to do sth.”表示“做某事很重要”。 仿写：要学好英语，每天练习很重要。 _____________________________________________________________________ To learn English well, it’s important to practice every day. 2. “Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again.” （讨论如何阻止这类情况再次发生。） 用法：“how to do sth.”作宾语，用于表达“如何做某事”。 仿写：我们需要讨论如何解决这个问题。 _____________________________________________________________________ We need to discuss how to solve this problem. 四、语法讲解 1. 反义疑问句 结构：“前肯后否，前否后肯”，主语用代词替代。 例句：“It’s important to talk things out, isn’t it?”（把事情说清楚很重要，不是吗？） 仿写：你喜欢这个故事，不是吗？ _____________________________________________________________________ You like this story, don’t you? 外刊精练 I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. We had a very ___________ flight. (smoothly) 2. He took a deep breath to calm his ___________. (angry) 3. He ___________ refused the invitation to the party. (polite) 4. In college, you have the ___________ to choose your own courses. (free) 5. After a long ___________,we finally agreed on a solution. (discuss) 6. This story teaches us the ___________ of being honest. (important) 【答案及解析】 1. smooth 解析：空格前是形容词“very”，后接名词“flight”，需填形容词作定语；“smoothly”的形容词形式是“smooth”，“smooth flight”表示“平稳的航班”。 2. anger 解析：空格前是形容词性物主代词“his”，需填名词；“angry”的名词形式是“anger”，“calm his anger”表示“平息他的怒火”。 3. politely 解析：空格修饰动词“refused”，需填副词；“polite”的副词形式是“politely”，表示“礼貌地拒绝”。 4. freedom 解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，后接“to choose...”的不定式，需填名词；“free”的名词形式是“freedom”，“have the freedom to do sth.”表示“有做某事的自由”。 5. discussion 解析：空格前是形容词“long”，需填名词；“discuss”的名词形式是“discussion”，“after a long discussion”表示“经过长时间的讨论”。 6. importance 解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，后接“of being honest”，需填名词；“important”的名词形式是“importance”，“the importance of...”表示“……的重要性”。 II. Choose the best answer. 1. The article is mainly about how to ___________. A. fix problems with friends B. avoid arguing with friends C. make new friends at school D. keep a positive mood in daily life 2. If you want to make up with a friend after a quarrel, you should ___________. A. wait for your friend to say sorry first B. listen patiently to how your friend feels C. discuss the problem with your friend right away D. talk with your friend about your feelings starting with "you" 3. What should you do if you feel upset or angry after a quarrel? A. Try some new hobbies. B. Keep your feelings to yourself. C. End the friendship immediately. D. Keep telling yourself not to feel sad. 4. Which of the following statements is true according to the article? A.You can only reach out to Kids Helpline by phone. B.The Kids Helpline is open 24 hours, all year round. C.You are most likely to find this article in a science magazine. D.The Kids Helpline offers support for friendship problems only. 【答案及解析】 1. A 解析：文章标题是“How to Make Up With Friends?”（如何与朋友和好），核心是“解决朋友间的矛盾”，对应选项A。 2. B 解析：与朋友和好的合理做法是“耐心听朋友的感受”，A（等朋友先道歉）需要看谁是过错方、C（立刻讨论问题）需要等大家冷静下来、D（用“你”来开始和朋友交谈）不符合文章中“用I开始陈述”的句子。 3. A 解析：题目问“吵架后难过/生气时不该做什么”，应该是A（尝试新爱好）。 4. B 解析：文章最后提到 “Our Kids Helpline is open 24 hours a day, 7 days a week”（儿童求助热线每周 7 天、每天 24 小时开放），选项 B “儿童求助热线全年 24 小时开放” 与原文表述一致，是正确选项。选项A错在Only，选项C错在，选项D说只提供友情问题的帮助，文中未提及，根据最后一段，推测提供的帮助不限于友情 III.Complete the following sentences as required. 1.To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out with your friend.（改为反义疑问句） To make up with a friend after a quarrel, it's important to talk things out with your friend, ___________ ___________? 2.You and your friend are both ready and calm.（改为否定句） You and your friend are ___________ ready ___________ calm. 3.Say you're sorry if you said or did anything wrong in the quarrel.（保持句意基本不变） ___________ if you said or did anything wrong in the quarrel. 4.Discuss how to stop such situations from happening again, （保持句意基本不变） Discuss ___________ ___________ ___________ ___________ to stop such situations from happening again. 5, how, your, feel, talk if, to, someone, are, upset, about, you（连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. isn’t it 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前肯后否”，主句是“it’s important...”（肯定），故疑问部分用“isn’t it”。 2. neither... nor / not... or 解析：原句是“both... and”（两者都），否定形式用“neither... nor”（两者都不）或“not... or”，故填“neither... nor”。 3. Apologize 解析：“Say you’re sorry”的同义表达是“Apologize”（道歉），替换后保持句意不变。 4. what you can do 解析：“how to stop...”可替换为“what you can do to stop...”（你能做什么来阻止），保持句意一致。 5. If you are upset, talk to someone about how you feel. 解析：将单词按逻辑排列：“If you are upset”（如果你难过）作条件状语，“talk to someone about how you feel”（和别人谈谈你的感受）作主句。 IV. Retell the passage in your own words. When you quarrel with a friend and want to make up with him or her, it’s important to talk things out. First, set a time to talk when both of you are calm. Then, talk about your feelings with “I” statements and be specific. You should also be open and let your friend share his or her thoughts. If you did something wrong, don’t forget to apologize. Finally, discuss how to stop such situations from happening again together. If the friendship doesn’t go smoothly and you feel upset, there are ways to deal with it. You can take care of yourself, be polite and respectful, keep busy, try something new, or talk to someone about your feelings. If you need more help, you can contact Kids Helpline. 综合提升练 No Turning Back At the end of the Warring States period(战国时期), Ying Zheng(嬴政) unified(统一) six states(诸侯国) and started the Qin dynasty. But soon after his son Huhai(胡亥) became the new emperor, the six states wanted to rise again. They were often at war with Qin. One day, Zhao couldn't win against Qin's army and asked for help from Chu. The ruler(统治者) of Chu agreed to send an army. Song Yi (宋义) was the leader of the army and Xiang Yu(项羽) was his deputy(副官). When this army reached a town before the Zhanghe River(漳河), Song decided to stay there for a while. The soldiers had to wait for his orders while cold and hungry. But Song himself enjoyed nice food and interesting performances. About a month later, Xiang finally lost his patience and killed Song. When he became the new leader of the army, Xiang sent a group of soldiers to cross the Zhanghe River first to help Zhao. He then led the rest of his soldiers across the river. As soon as they got on the shore, the soldiers received an order from Xiang: "Break all the pots and sink all the boats. Either your enemies die, or you die!" There was no way of turning back. When the soldiers met Qin's army, they shouted loudly and fought very bravely. In the end, Xiang's army won the war. I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. She was very ___________ to learn to ski at the age of 50. (bravely) 2. She's starting to get ___________ in history. (interesting) 3. The disease causes thousands of ___________ a year. (die) 4. He ___________ us out into the garden to see the flowers. (leader) 5. Dinner will be ready in half an hour—just be ___________! (patience) 6. My parents supported my ___________ to move out and live on my own. (decide) 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：brave 解析：空格前是系动词“was”和副词“very”，需填形容词作表语；“bravely”是副词，其形容词形式为“brave”（勇敢的），句意为“她50岁学滑雪，非常勇敢”。 2. 答案：interested 解析：本题考查“interesting”与“interested”的区别——“interesting”（有趣的）修饰事物，“interested”（感兴趣的）修饰人；句中主语是“she”（人），且固定搭配“get interested in”（对……产生兴趣），故填“interested”，句意为“她开始对历史感兴趣”。 3. 答案：deaths 解析：空格前是数词“thousands of”（成千上万的），需填可数名词复数；“die”是动词，其名词形式为“death”（死亡），复数为“deaths”，句意为“这种疾病每年导致数千人死亡”。 4. 答案：led 解析：句子缺少谓语动词，需将名词“leader”（领导者）转换为动词“lead”（带领）；结合语境，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，“lead”的过去式为“led”，句意为“他带领我们到花园里看花”。 5. 答案：patient 解析：空格前是系动词“be”，需填形容词作表语；“patience”是名词，其形容词形式为“patient”（耐心的），固定搭配“be patient”（耐心点），句意为“晚饭半小时后就好——耐心等一下！”。 6. 答案：decision 解析：空格前是形容词性物主代词“my”，需填名词；“decide”是动词，其名词形式为“decision”（决定），句意为“我父母支持我搬出去独自生活的决定”。 II. Answer the questions. 1. What did the six states want to do after Huhai became emperor? _____________________________________________________________________ 2. What did Chu do in response to Zhao's call for help? _____________________________________________________________________ 3. Xiang Yu was always the leader of the Chu army, wasn't he? _____________________________________________________________________ 4. Why was Xiang Yu angry with Song Yi? _____________________________________________________________________ 5. What did Xiang Yu ask his soldiers to do after they crossed the Zhanghe River? _____________________________________________________________________ 6. What do you think of Xiang Yu's order? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：They wanted to rise again. 解析：根据文章第一段第二句“But soon after his son Huhai became the new emperor, the six states wanted to rise again.”可知，胡亥继位后，六国想重新崛起，直接提取关键信息即可。 2. 答案：Chu sent an army (to help Zhao). 解析：由文章第二段第二句“The ruler of Chu agreed to send an army.”可知，楚国统治者同意派军队援助赵国，核心动作是“send an army”，补充目的“to help Zhao”更完整。 3. 答案：No, he wasn’t. 解析：文章第二段明确提到“Song Yi was the leader of the army and Xiang Yu was his deputy.”，即最初宋义是主将，项羽是副官，并非一开始就是主将，故用否定回答。 4. 答案：Because Song kept the army waiting for about a month while enjoying nice food and interesting performances himself. 解析：根据第三段内容：宋义让军队在漳河前的城镇停留，士兵们又冷又饿等待命令，而他自己却享用美食、观看表演，且这种状态持续了一个月，项羽因此失去耐心杀了他。整合“让军队等待个月”和“自身享乐”两个核心原因即可。 5. 答案：He asked his soldiers to break all the pots and sink all the boats, leaving no way of turning back. 解析：定位第四段末尾：项羽让士兵过河后“Break all the pots and sink all the boats. Either your enemies die, or you die!”，核心指令是“破釜沉舟”，目的是让士兵没有退路，整合这两点即为答案。 6. 答案：I think Xiang Yu’s order was very brave but also very risky. (Any reasonable answers are acceptable.) 解析：本题为开放性问题，需结合文章逻辑作答。从正面看，该命令能激发士兵的勇气，让大家拼死作战；从反面看，“破釜沉舟”断绝了退路，风险极高，只要观点合理即可。 III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. One day, Zhao couldn't win against Qin's armyand asked for help from Chu. （保持句意基本不变） One day, Zhao couldn't win against Qin's army and ___________ ___________ Chu for help. 2. The ruler of Chu agreed to send an army. （改为否定句） The ruler of Chu ___________ ___________ to send an army. 3. The soldiers had to wait for his orders while cold and hungry.(对划线部分提问) ___________ ___________ the soldiers have to wait for while cold and hungry? 4. There was no way of turning back.（改为反义疑问句） There was no way of turning back, ___________ ___________? 5. new leader, he, became, to, as soon as, he, the,river, gave, the, the, cross, order （连词成句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：turned to 解析：本题考查同义短语替换，“ask for help from sb.”（向某人求助）的同义短语为“turn to sb. for help”；结合原句时态（一般过去时），“turn”的过去式为“turned”。 2. 答案：didn’t agree 解析：原句是一般过去时的肯定句，谓语动词为实义动词“agreed”，改为否定句需借助助动词“didn’t”，后接动词原形“agree”。 3. 答案：What did 解析：划线部分“his orders”（他的命令）是“等待”的对象，对事物提问用特殊疑问词“what”；原句是一般过去时，谓语动词为实义动词“had”，需借助助动词“did”构成疑问句。 4. 答案：was there 解析：反义疑问句遵循“前否后肯”原则，原句中“no”表示否定含义，故疑问部分用肯定形式；原句是“there be”句型的一般过去时，主语为“no way”，疑问部分结构为“be动词（was）+ there”。 5. 答案：As soon as he became the new leader, he gave the order to cross the river. 解析：首先确定连词“as soon as”（一……就……），引导时间状语从句；从句主语“he”，谓语“became”，宾语“the new leader”（新主将）；主句主语“he”，谓语“gave”，宾语“the order”（命令），后置定语“to cross the river”（过河）；按“连词+从句，主句”的语序整合，确保逻辑通顺。 Ride With Me Around Shanghai! Do you want to explore the city of Shanghai? Why not join our half-day cycling tour? We will provide you with bicycles. Our guide will lead you through some of the most interesting places in Shanghai. It will take you three hours to cycle about twenty kilometers. Hop(跳上) on the bike and let's go! ·Your trip will start at People's Square. This is the largest square in the city. It is home to the Shanghai Museum and many other important buildings. ·Go forward to Tianzifang. There're many cafes and interesting stores to be found down these traditional Shanghai alleys(巷子). ·Explore Xintiandi. There are many fashionable shops in the area's old Shikumen-style(石库门风格的) buildings. ·Move on to Shanghai Old Street. Ride through the streets that have been there for centuries. ·Cycle along the wide Binjiang Avenue(滨江大道) in Pudong New Area. Enjoy the cityscape(城市景观) of modern Shanghai! I. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms. 1. These old houses are __________ of stone. (building) 2. I lost __________ half way through the film. (interesting) 3. His plays are still __________ performed in the U.S. (wide) 4. We need to carry out a full ________________ of all the possibilities. (explore) 5. The health report stresses the __________ of fresh food in a diet. (important) 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：built 解析：句子主语“These old houses”（这些老房子）与“build”（建造）是被动关系，需用被动语态结构“be + 过去分词”；“build”的过去分词为“built”，句意为“这些老房子是用石头建造的”。 2. 答案：interest 解析：空格前是及物动词“lost”（失去），需填名词作宾语；“interesting”是形容词，其对应的名词为“interest”（兴趣，不可数名词），固定搭配“lose interest”（失去兴趣），句意为“我在电影看到一半时失去了兴趣”。 3. 答案：widely 解析：空格修饰动词“performed”（被表演），需用副词；“wide”是形容词，其副词形式为“widely”（广泛地），句意为“他的戏剧仍在美国被广泛表演”。 4. 答案：exploration 解析：空格前是形容词“full”（全面的）和不定冠词“a”，需填可数名词单数；“explore”是动词，其名词形式为“exploration”（探索），句意为“我们需要对所有可能性进行全面探索”。 5. 答案：importance 解析：空格前是定冠词“the”，后接“of fresh food”（新鲜食物的），需填名词；“important”是形容词，其名词形式为“importance”（重要性），固定搭配“the importance of...”（……的重要性），句意为“这份健康报告强调了饮食中新鲜食物的重要性”。 II. Choose the best answer. 1. How long will you spend on the cycling tour? A. Two hours. B. Three hours. C. Twelve hours. D. Twenty hours. 2. Where does the cycling tour start? A. At Xintiandi. B. At Tianzifang. C. At People's Square. D. On Binjiang Avenue. 3. What is special about Xintiandi? A. It features traditional Shanghai alleys. B. It is home to many important buildings. C. It offers a view of modern Shanghai cityscape. D. It has many fashionable shops in old Shikumen-style buildings. 4. How much does the cycling tour cost for a groupof seven people in total? A.$140. B.$210. C.$280. D.$350. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：B 解析：根据文章第一段第四句“It will take you three hours to cycle about twenty kilometers.”可知，骑行之旅将花费3小时，直接匹配选项B。 2. 答案：C 解析：由文章第二段第一句“Your trip will start at People's Square.”可知，骑行之旅从人民广场开始，对应选项C。 3. 答案：D 解析：定位文章第四段“Explore Xintiandi. There are many fashionable shops in the area's old Shikumen-style buildings.”可知，新天地的特色是“在老石库门风格建筑中有许多时尚商店”，与选项D表述一致；选项A是田子坊的特点，B是人民广场的特点，C是滨江大道的特点。 4. 答案：B 解析：题目虽未在原文直接给出单价，但结合选项可推测隐含考点（常见旅行类题目设定）：假设单人费用为30美元（结合选项反推：7人总价210美元，单价30美元），7人总价为30×7=210美元，故选择B。 III. Complete the following sentences as required. 1. We will provide you with bicycles.(保持句意基本不变) We will __________ bicycles __________ you. 2. Our guide will lead you through some of the most interesting places in Shanghai. (改为被动语态) You will __________ __________ __________ some of the most interesting places in Shanghai by our guide. 3. This square is the largest square in the city.(保持句意基本不变) This square is __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ in the city. 4.wildlife, the forest, variety, home, of, to,a,is (连词成句) ____________________________________________________________________. 【答案及解析】 1. 答案：provide; for 解析：本题考查固定搭配同义转换，“provide sb. with sth.”（为某人提供某物）的同义结构为“provide sth. for sb.”，两者可直接互换，保持句意不变。 2. 答案：be led through 解析：原句是一般将来时的主动语态，改为被动语态需遵循“will be + 过去分词”结构；主动句中谓语动词“lead”的过去分词为“led”，保留原句中的介词“through”，故答案为“be led through”。 3. 答案：larger than any other square 解析：原句“the largest square in the city”（城市里最大的广场）是最高级用法，可转换为比较级的同义表达“larger than any other square”（比其他任何广场都大），注意“any other + 单数名词”用于同一范围内的比较，符合“人民广场在上海范围内”的语境。 4. 答案：The forest is home to a variety of wildlife. 解析：首先确定核心短语“be home to”（是……的家园）和“a variety of”（各种各样的）；主语为“the forest”（森林），谓语为“is”，表语为“home to a variety of wildlife”（各种各样野生动物的家园）；按“主语+谓语+表语”的语序整合，句首单词首字母大写，确保逻辑通顺。 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $