第3讲 八下Unit 2 课文预习&语法预习（寒假预习讲义）八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第3讲 8B Unit2课文预习&语法预习 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 知识精讲 一、课文原文 The German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen wanted to use tubes to do experiments on electricity. The tubes were covered in heavy black paper. He was surprised to see a green light coming from the tubes. And he was even more surprised when the light appeared on a screen beside him. How strange! He learned that the light can pass through objects. Röntgen knew he discovered something important. When he passed the light through his wife’s hand, something exciting happened. He could see the bones inside her hand! This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895. After many tests on humans, they were soon widely used in hospitals and Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize. The British scientist, Sir Alexander Fleming, discovered penicillin by accident. In 1928, he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing on some of his Petri dishes. To his surprise, the mould seemed to stop the bacteria around it from growing. With more research, he discovered penicillin. Later, other scientists turned penicillin into life-saving medicine. The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine and has made it possible for doctors to treat serious illnesses. What an amazing discovery! Around 1970, when a lot of people were getting sick with malaria, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine. She read a large number of ancient Chinese medical books and discovered a treatment using a plant called qinghao. However, no matter how hard they tried, Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant. Tu took another closer look at the medical classics. Finally, one line lit up an idea for her — a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part and named it qinghaosu. Tu volunteered to test the medicine on herself before giving it to others. Later, qinghaosu became an important treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives. Tu called the discovery “a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world”. 二、词汇精讲 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉 搭配：scientific discovery 科学发现；make a discovery 做出发现；the discovery of X-rays X射线的发现 词转：discover v. 发现；discoverer n. 发现者 例句：The discovery of penicillin has saved countless lives around the world. 翻译练习： 这个科学发现改变了医学的进程。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 搭配：ancient Chinese medical books 中国古代医书；ancient culture 古代文化；ancient civilizations 古代文明 例句：Ancient texts often hold valuable knowledge. 翻译练习： 科学家们从这本古老的书中找到了治疗这种疾病的线索。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予；奖励 n. 奖项；奖品 搭配：award sb. sth. 授予某人某物；award a prize 颁发奖项；win an award 获奖；Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 词转：awarded adj. 获奖的；award-winning adj. 获奖的 例句：The government awarded the great scientist a medal for her contributions to medicine. 翻译练习： 他因青蒿素的发现被授予诺贝尔奖。 _____________________________________________________________________ 4. life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的；救生的 搭配：life-saving medicine 救命药；life-saving equipment 救生设备；life-saving skills 救生技能 例句：The life-saving medicine was sent to the disaster area as soon as possible. 同类构词法：节约成本的： cost-cutting 打破记录的： record-breaking 节省时间的： time-saving 令人心碎的： heart-breaking 改变游戏规则的： game-changing 吸睛的： eye-catching 节能的： energy-saving 翻译练习： 这种救生设备在紧急情况下能帮助人们脱离危险。 _____________________________________________________________________ 5. course /kɔːs/ n. 进程；过程；课程 搭配：the course of medicine 医学的进程；the course of history 历史进程；change the course of 改变……的进程；a medical course 医学课程 例句：The invention of X-rays changed the course of medical development. 翻译练习： 这项技术彻底改变了我们行业的发展进程。 _____________________________________________________________________ 6. treat /triːt/ v. 治疗；对待；处理 搭配：treat an illness 治疗疾病；treat sb. well 善待某人；treat a problem 处理问题；treat serious diseases 治疗重病 词转：treatment n. 治疗；疗法 例句：Doctors can now treat this disease with the new medicine developed by Tu Youyou. 翻译练习： 这种新疗法能有效治疗这种严重的传染病(infectious disease)。 _____________________________________________________________________ 7. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的；严肃的；认真的 搭配：serious illness 重病；serious problem 严重问题；serious attitude 认真的态度；serious consequences 严重后果 词转：seriously adv. 严重地；认真地 例句：If we don’t take action now, the serious situation will get worse. 翻译练习： 这种病毒可能会导致严重的健康问题，我们必须认真对待。 _____________________________________________________________________ 8. medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的；医药的 搭配：medical books 医书；medical research 医学研究；medical equipment 医疗设备；medical team 医疗队 词转：medicine n. 药；医学 例句：She devoted her whole life to medical research for rare diseases. 翻译练习： 这家医院有最先进的(advanced)医疗设备来治疗复杂的病症。 _____________________________________________________________________ 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v. 自愿做；主动提出 n. 志愿者 搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；volunteer for sth. 自愿参与某事；volunteer at a hospital 在医院做志愿者 词转：voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；volunteering n. 志愿服务 例句：She volunteered to help with the research. 翻译练习： 他自愿参与了新药的测试。 _____________________________________________________________________ 三、短语 1. by accident 偶然 搭配：discover sth. by accident 偶然发现某物；meet sb. by accident 偶然遇见某人；happen by accident 意外发生 例句：Fleming discovered penicillin by accident. 翻译练习： 我偶然发现了那把丢失的钥匙。 _____________________________________________________________________ 2. light up 使……照亮；使（想法）浮现；变得兴奋 搭配：light up an idea 灵光一现；light up the room 照亮房间；light up with joy 喜形于色 例句：A sentence in the ancient book lit up an idea for solving the research problem. 翻译练习： 当他听到这个好消息时，他的脸上立刻露出了笑容。 _____________________________________________________________________ 3. turn ... into 把……变成；使……成为 搭配：turn a plant into medicine 把植物变成药物；turn an idea into reality 把想法变成现实；turn waste into treasure 变废为宝 例句：The researchers turned the traditional recipe into a modern and effective drug. 翻译练习： 这些科学家成功地把一种野生植物变成了救命药。 _____________________________________________________________________ 好题精练 （一）单词适当形式填空 1. The ______ (discover) of X-rays has greatly improved medical diagnosis (诊断). 2. Many ______ (medical) workers volunteered to go to the remote areas to help the sick. 3. The scientist was ______ (award) a gold medal for his great contributions to medicine. 4. She devoted herself to the ______ (treat) of rare diseases and saved many lives. 5. A bright idea ______ (light) up his mind when he was reading the ancient book. 6. It’s a ______ (seriously) problem that needs immediate action from the government. 7. The researchers ______ (success) turned the traditional recipe into a modern drug. 8. Many students ______ (volunteer) to help with the medical exhibition last weekend. （二）从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次，有一项多余。 ancient, medical, life-saving, turn...into, volunteer, serious When a lot of people suffered from a 1. ________ illness, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a cure. She read a lot of 2. ________ Chinese medical books and found a plant called qinghao. Her team tried hard to 3. ________ the plant’s active part ______ medicine. Finally, they succeeded and created a 4. ________ drug named qinghaosu. Tu even 5. ________ to test the drug on herself to make sure it was safe. This discovery changed the course of medicine and saved millions of lives. （三）阅读理解题 1. What did Röntgen discover when doing electricity experiments? A. Penicillin. B. X-rays. C. Qinghaosu. D. A new kind of tube. 2. How did Fleming discover penicillin? A. He studied ancient medical books. B. He used a low-heat method. C. He forgot to clean his lab before holiday. D. He tested plants from tropical areas. 3. Why did Tu Youyou use a low-heat method? A. To get the active part from qinghao. B. To test the medicine on herself. C. To write medical books. D. To win the Nobel Prize. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the three discoveries? A. X-rays were first used to treat malaria. B. Penicillin was turned into life-saving medicine by Fleming alone. C. Qinghaosu is a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine. D. All three discoverers won the Nobel Prize. 5. What do the three scientists have in common? A. They all studied ancient books. B. Their discoveries changed medicine. C. They all discovered medicines by accident. D. They all tested their discoveries on themselves. （四）阅读填表题 阅读文中三位科学家的相关内容，完成表格（每空不超过4个词）： Scientist Discovery Key Reason for Success Major Influence Wilhelm Röntgen X-rays 1. ________________ 2. ________________; won Nobel Prize Alexander Fleming Penicillin 3. ________________ Became life-saving medicine; 4. _______________ Tu Youyou Qinghaosu 5. ________________ 6. ________________; helped millions （五）口语复述练习【自由发挥】 知识精讲 四、语法 （一）感叹句【本单元核心】 1. 定义 感叹句用来表达强烈的情感，比如惊讶、赞美、感慨等，常用 what 或 how 引导，句末用感叹号。 2. 结构（2种） 引导词 结构公式 说明 what what + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 核心是修饰“名词”，名词是可数单数时加a/an，不可数或复数不加 how how + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 核心是修饰“形容词”或“副词”，不直接接名词 3. 结合课文例句 ①what引导（修饰名词）： 课文原句相关拓展：Penicillin is an amazing discovery.（青霉素是一项惊人的发现） 改为感叹句：What an amazing discovery (penicillin is)! 解析：形容词amazing修饰名词discovery（可数单数），所以用what an。 ② how引导（修饰形容词）： 课文原句相关拓展：Tu Youyou’s idea is clever.（屠呦呦的想法很聪明） 改为感叹句：How clever Tu Youyou’s idea is! 解析：直接修饰形容词clever，用how引导。 ③how引导（修饰副词）： 课文原句相关拓展：Qinghaosu works effectively.（青蒿素效果显著） 改为感叹句：How effectively qinghaosu works! 解析：修饰副词effectively，用how引导。 4. 小技巧（快速区分what/how） 看感叹词后面的核心词： 核心词是名词 → 用what； 核心词是形容词/副词 → 用how。 好题精练 请根据句意，将下列句子改为感叹句（用what或how引导）。 1. The ancient medical books are valuable. 2. Qinghaosu is a life-saving medicine. 3. The scientists worked hard. 4. The discovery of X-rays is important. 5. The low-heat method is clever. （二）被动语态 1. 定义 当我们更关注“动作的承受者”（谁/什么被怎样），而不是“动作的发出者”（谁做了什么）时，就用被动语态。比如“X射线被发现”，重点在X射线，而不是“伦琴发现”。 2. 结构（结合课文里的一般过去时） 主语（动作承受者） + was/were + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作发出者） 说明：by后面接“谁做的”，可以省略；主语是单数用was，复数用were。 3. 结合课文原句讲解 ①课文原句1：Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize.（伦琴被授予诺贝尔奖） 解析： 主语Röntgen（动作承受者：被授予奖项的人） was awarded：was + 动词award的过去分词（awarded），表示“被授予” 省略了by...（被谁授予，课文没提，所以省略） ②课文原句2：Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine.（屠呦呦被选中去寻找药物） 解析： 主语Tu Youyou（动作承受者：被选中的人） was chosen：was + 动词choose的过去分词（chosen），表示“被选中” ③课文原句拓展：X-rays were widely used in hospitals.（X射线在医院被广泛使用） 解析： 主语X-rays（复数），所以用were were used：were + 动词use的过去分词（used），表示“被使用” 4. 小总结 课文讲科学发现，常需要强调“发现物被使用”“科学家被选中/授予奖项”，所以高频出现一般过去时的被动语态。记住结构：was/were + 过去分词！ 好题精练 请根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Penicillin ______ (discover) by Fleming in 1928. 2. A lot of ancient medical books ______ (find) in the old library. 3. The active part from qinghao ______ (get) by Tu Youyou and her team with a low-heat method. 4. The new medicine ______ (test) on volunteers before it was used in hospitals. 5. The Nobel Prize ______ (award) to Röntgen for his discovery of X-rays. 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．________ precious fresh water is! That’s why we call it “liquid gold”. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 2．________ important information we have got from the online post! A．What a B．How C．What D．How a 3．The water in this lake _______ by the factories around it. A．be polluted B．pollute C．was polluted D．being polluted 4．— We had a great time at the amusement park last weekend. — Yeah! ________ it is to ride the roller coaster! A．What a fun B．What fun C．How fun D．How a fun 5．Look at the heavy rain! ________ awful weather we are having today! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 6．David _________ monitor of Class 3 at yesterday’s meeting because of his ability and popularity. A．elect B．elected C．is elected D．was elected 7．That building is part of Shanghai’s history. It ________ many years ago. A．built B．builds C．is built D．was built 8．The foreign teacher ________ basketball with his students after school yesterday. A．plays B．played C．has played D．had played 9．—Football ________ by the British over 100 years ago. —That’s why football is one of ________ popular games there. A．was invented; the most B．invented; more C．was invented; more D．invented; the most 10．Many reporters ________ the police about the international case two days ago. A．interviewed B．interview C．are interviewing D．have interviewed 11．The work ________ last night. You can have a good rest today. A．has finished B．is finished C．was finished D．finished 12．Chengdu ________ a great number of tourists last Spring Festival. A．attracts B．attracted C．has attracted D．will attract 13．Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship ________ into space successfully on June 5th, 2022. A．is sent B．sent C．was sent D．had sent 14．Soon after the school newspaper started, Arthur _________ a report for the headmaster. A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write 二、单词适当形式填空 15．But we can finish the job earlier with more (volunteer). 16．My brother looked forward to (volunteer) to teach in the mountain village. 17．Free (medicine) care is provided by the government for the old. 18．This new for cancer proves very effective. (treat) 19．The teacher (award) Emily the first prize and she was really happy. 20．The (discover) of this fuel makes the scientists excited. 21．The teacher (discover) that some students felt stressed because of too many exams. 22．Taizhou Team (successful) won the championship of the 2025 Jiangsu Football City League. 三、选词填空 将下列单词或词组填入空处，每空限填一个单词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．in the past  B．such as   C． accurately  D．successful  E. safe  F. useful From the hunters and gatherers of ancient times to today’s pilots and farmers, predicting the weather can make the difference between success and failure. Humans have long tried to predict the weather 23 . Weather forecasts also save people’s lives. They help sailors stay 24 at sea, and help officials save people from storms. Nowadays, the methods of predicting weather are very high-tech, but 25 people studied birds, cows and insects for clues as to what might happen. In 650 BC the Babylonians (巴比伦人) tried to predict the weather based on the appearance (出现) of clouds and other things 26 halos (光晕). By 300 BC in China, a calendar had been developed that divided the year into 24 festivals, each festival connected with a type of weather. This was 27 for farmers to plan when to plant seeds and harvest their crops. 将下列单词或词组填入空处，每空限填一个单词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．originally     B．created         C． rather      D．breath          E. skin F. blow         G. ancient         H. sign        I. send Haunting sound of the bagpipes The sound of the bagpipes (风笛) is as familiar to the Scottish as wearing a kilt (苏格兰方格呢短裙) and climbing mountains. But the sad sound of the Scottish bagpipes will 28 a shiver (颤抖) down your body, whether you love the sound, or hate it. Most modern Scottish bagpipes are made up of three wooden pipes, which come out of the top of a bag made of sheep or elk (麋鹿) 29 . When the piper blows into the pipes, a long sound is heard, 30 like that of a Chinese erhu. Tunes are 31 when the piper puts his fingers over the nine holes on the pipes. If the piper wants to take a(an) 32 , he can press on the bag with his arm, and the bagpipe music does not stop. Bagpipes have been played for thousands of years. They don’t 33 come from Scotland, although many people think they do. A piper is always needed at Burns-suppers. Burns-night started 200 years ago as a tribute to the famous Scottish poet, Robert Burns. A Burns-Supper starts when a haggis is brought in to dinner to the sound of the bagpipes. The British royal family employ a bagpiper to play for them. When the Queen stays at her Scottish castle, Balmoral, the royal piper plays every morning after breakfast, as well as at special dinners and balls. So whether the sharp sound of the bagpipes thrills you or not, there is no 34 that the popularity of this strange and 35 instrument is fading. 将下列单词或词组填入空处，每空限填一个单词或词组，每词只能填一次。A．awarded   B．simply    C． safer   D．drive  E. as well as    F. walking    G. various Free energy is everywhere around us. There are many ways to make and collect energy from 36 sources like the Sun, wind and water. People also realize that everyday stuff can be a source of energy too. For example, riding a bike, running or just 37 , etc. We 38 have to change our way of thinking if we want to change the world. So comes the idea of solar roadways. The US Department of Transportation recently 39 $100,000 to Solar Roadways to build the first ever Solar Road Panels. The Solar Road Panels will contain embedded (嵌入的) LEDs which “paint” the road lines from beneath to provide safer nighttime driving 40 to give drivers instant instructions such as detour (绕行) ahead. There will be embedded heating elements in the surface to prevent snow and ice buildup, providing 41 winter driving. Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次) A．comfortable    B．especially    C． same    D．hours    E. completely     When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. These places are often remembered as somewhere with long 42 of sunlight. But recently, the seafood produced in these places has become popular, 43 after Japan put nuclear-contaminated water (核污水) into the sea, reported China Daily. In Xinjiang, thousands of tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year. Rainbow trout belongs to the 44 family as salmon (鲑鱼), which is a well-known seafood. It tastes like salmon, too. Why do farmers there choose to grow fish? And it is because the meltwater from the Tianshan Mountain is very clean and cold. It is a “ 45 ” home for fish.      A．wash away     B．covers      C． turn into     D．create    E. average Meanwhile, in Inner Mongolia, whiteleg shrimp (南美白对虾) grows well. Saline soil (盐碱土) 46 a large part of the desert so that few plants are able to grow. Farmers used to put the water from the Yellow River onto the farmland to 47 the salt. This is a waste of salty water. Scientists then decided to 48 “seawater” with the salty water by adding some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the shrimps in the sea. The 49 income of a fisherman there is 19,960 yuan, which is much higher than before. 四、完成句子 50．They are such wonderful singers that everyone admires their talent. (改为感叹句) singers they are! Everyone admires their talent! 51．It’s fun to go skating on real ice in Harbin. (改为感叹句) it is to go skating on real ice in Harbin! 52．Trees are wonderful natural air conditioners.（改为感叹句） natural air conditioners trees are! 53．The sign language is a very useful tool for communication. (改为感叹句) useful tool for communication the sign language is! 54．Water is very important to us.（改为感叹句） water is to us! 55．The girl has told us a very exciting story. (改为感叹句) exciting story she has told us! 56．The servants dressed the queen in beautiful clothes for the ceremony.（改为被动句） The queen in beautiful clothes for the ceremony by the servants. 57．Thomas didn’t throw the old magazines away yesterday. (改为被动语态) The old magazines   away yesterday. 58．We gave girls the same opportunities as boys in this school.  (改为被动语态) Girls the same opportunities as boys in this school. 59．The fireman took them to the ground after John explained about Charlie. (改为被动语态) They to the ground by the fireman after John explained about Charlie. 60．We used to call the thick wires cables.（改为被动语态） The thick wires cables in the past by us. 61．The teacher told us to finish the project in a week. (改为被动语态) We to finish the project in a week. 五、阅读理解 （一） Robot Builders Camp 2025Build, code, and control your own robot! Step into the world of robotics this summer with our hands-on camp for beginners! Whether you’re new to robots or already love building things, Robot Builders Camp will take your skills to the next level. Location: Tech Lab, Central Youth Centre Date:     Time: 12-15 July    9: 00 am-12: 00 pm   16-19 July    2: 00 pm-5: 00 pm What you’ll learn:    ● Basic robot parts and how they work together ● How to build simple robots using LEGO® kits ● Programming your robot to move, stop, and follow lines ● Controlling robots with sensors and remote commands Cost: Early Bird (before 20 June): $30 Standard Price(20 June-10 July): $38 Bonus: Each group will design a robot for the Robot Maze Challenge(机器人迷宫挑战赛) on the last day! Prizes will be given for speed, design, and creativity. What students said in 2024: “I didn’t know robots could be this cool! We made ours spin and dance!” —Darren, age 14 “The coding was hard at first, but once I got it, I felt like a real engineer.”—Sue, age 13    62．Who can take part in the Robot Builders Camp? A．Only students who know coding. B．Anyone interested in learning robotics. C．Students from Central Youth Centre. D．Children under the age of 10. 63．Emma wants to join the camp and pays on June 18. How much does she need to pay? A．$18. B．$30. C．$38. D．Free. 64．What do we know about the Robot Maze Challenge? A．It is held at the beginning of the camp. B．It is a test of writing code on paper. C．It includes prizes for different performances. D．Only one team gets to take part in it. 65．Which of the following skills will students most likely not develop at the camp? A．Building and programming simple robots. B．Understanding how robot sensors work. C．Making robots spin and dance. D．Controlling robots to jump across lines. 66．What is the main purpose of the poster? A．To teach coding rules for robotics. B．To describe a science competition. C．To introduce a robotics summer camp. D．To explain how robot sensors work. （二） Maybe nothing tastes as delicious and refreshing (凉爽的) as a cold, juicy, round watermelon on a hot summer day. No wonder this healthy fruit has been enjoyed by humans for thousands of years. But how about trying square watermelons instead of round ones? Sounds fascinating, doesn’t it? If you have been paying attention to all the exciting news lately, then surely you have seen all the wonderful shapes that watermelons come in these days. There are watermelons that look like Egyptian pyramids, there are special heart shaped watermelons for Valentine’s Day and of course, there are all kinds of round shapes. But did you know that it all started with square watermelons? Recently, farmers in the southern Japanese town have discovered a technique to grow their watermelons in a square shape. The reason why they’re doing this in Japan is that there is not enough space in refrigerators. They are trying to make watermelons “refrigerator-friendly”. A round watermelon can take up a lot of room in a refrigerator, and the usual round fruit often sits awkwardly (笨拙地) on refrigerator shelves. Smart Japanese farmers have forced their watermelons to grow into a square shape by putting the watermelon into square, glass cases while the fruit is still growing on the vine (藤). The new kind of square watermelons are so easy to store. You can just stack them up, which means more of them will fit in a container. This save a lot of space and also money on shipping. Also, people can now fit them better in their tiny refrigerators at home and can start buying bigger watermelons. But these square watermelons come with a high price. Regular watermelons in Japan cost from $15 to $25 each, while each square watermelon costs about $82. Being quite expensive, these watermelons will certainly not be bought by the general public. Maybe people will give them as gifts! But it is also said that there does appear to be a growing U.S. market for watermelons that are more refrigerator-friendly. The industry is seeking for opinions from consumers who do mind size. 67．According to the passage, it’s ________ to try a square watermelon these days. A．impossible B．dangerous C．fascinating D．frightening 68．________ shaped watermelons are for Valentine’s Day. A．Egyptian pyramid B．Round C．Square D．Special heart 69．Japanese farmers grow square watermelons because _________. A．they have discovered a new technique B．watermelons are not friendly C．there’s not enough space in their fridges D．round watermelons aren’t popular 70．While the watermelon is still growing on the vine, farmers put it in a _________. A．refrigerator B．glass case C．shelf D．room 71．The square watermelons enable people to _________ . A．enjoy a sweeter flavor B．enjoy more juicy fruit C．fit them better in their tiny fridges D．save more water on shipping 72．It is said that the square watermelons _________. A．can be bought easily by general public B．can be about three times the price as normal ones C．is not so popular in U.S.A． D．is bought as a gift for consumers who do mind size 六、回答问题 （一） “Life is speeding up. Everyone is becoming unwell.” This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unwell person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it. We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives? Imagine this: You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a WeChat message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the telephone is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps that is because they live simpler lives. One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons, Benjamin, 10, and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phone. The grandmother, Lyn, said, “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes.” The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy (时髦的), beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things. 73．The underlined sentence was written in the modern times, wasn’t it? _____________________________________________________________________ 74．Why do you lose all your work on the computer according to the passage? _____________________________________________________________________ 75．How do we often feel when new inventions have speeded up our lives too much? _____________________________________________________________________ 76．Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house? _____________________________________________________________________ 77．What kind of person did Benjamin’s grandmother use to be? _____________________________________________________________________ 78．What does the passage mainly tell us? _____________________________________________________________________ （二） Many children don’t like doing chores. But asking children to help with chores is more than just getting the house cleaned. It can also help children to be independent and responsible. Luckily, there is an app to help. The app You Rule Chores lets kids get up from the sofa and do chores. Through smartphone games, the app turns children into housework helpers. “It is difficult to get kids to do work around the house. We made the app to teach kids self-control, which is very important to their future,” one of the app engineers said. The games are fun, and the app is super easy to use. You Rule Chores is my favorite chore app so far. —Sam, a middle school student Young kids like to help out around the house, but fewer parents hear the words “What can I do to help?” from their older kids. A study shows that only 65% of kids aged 16 to 18 take part in chores. You Rule Chores is an app the whole family will benefit from (从中受益). Now my kids often compete to see who can do more housework. —Brooke, a mother of three kids How to use You Rule Chores? First, each child needs to choose one of the app’s characters. Then the child can start to do chores. Once he finishes it, he can get some coins (硬币) from the app. He can use them to buy things from the online store. How to use You Rule Chores? ______ Do chore → Get coins → Buy things online 79．What does the underlined word “It” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________ 80．How does the app make children do chores? _____________________________________________________________________ 81．What do the users think of the app? _____________________________________________________________________ 82．According to the research, how many kids aged 16 to 18 do chores? _____________________________________________________________________ 83．What’s the first step of the chart above? _____________________________________________________________________ 84．Do you do chores at home? Why or why not? _____________________________________________________________________ 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第3讲 8B Unit2课文预习&语法预习 内容导航 考点聚焦：归纳核心，有的放矢 重点速记：查漏补缺，即时巩固 复习提升：综合提升，全面突破 知识精讲 一、课文原文 The German scientist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen wanted to use tubes to do experiments on electricity. The tubes were covered in heavy black paper. He was surprised to see a green light coming from the tubes. And he was even more surprised when the light appeared on a screen beside him. How strange! He learned that the light can pass through objects. Röntgen knew he discovered something important. When he passed the light through his wife’s hand, something exciting happened. He could see the bones inside her hand! This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895. After many tests on humans, they were soon widely used in hospitals and Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize. The British scientist, Sir Alexander Fleming, discovered penicillin by accident. In 1928, he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing on some of his Petri dishes. To his surprise, the mould seemed to stop the bacteria around it from growing. With more research, he discovered penicillin. Later, other scientists turned penicillin into life-saving medicine. The discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine and has made it possible for doctors to treat serious illnesses. What an amazing discovery! Around 1970, when a lot of people were getting sick with malaria, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine. She read a large number of ancient Chinese medical books and discovered a treatment using a plant called qinghao. However, no matter how hard they tried, Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant. Tu took another closer look at the medical classics. Finally, one line lit up an idea for her — a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part and named it qinghaosu. Tu volunteered to test the medicine on herself before giving it to others. Later, qinghaosu became an important treatment for malaria and has saved millions of lives. Tu called the discovery “a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world”. 二、词汇精讲 1. discovery /dɪˈskʌvəri/ n. 发现；发觉 搭配：scientific discovery 科学发现；make a discovery 做出发现；the discovery of X-rays X射线的发现 词转：discover v. 发现；discoverer n. 发现者 例句：The discovery of penicillin has saved countless lives around the world. 翻译练习： 这个科学发现改变了医学的进程。 _____________________________________________________________________ This scientific discovery changed the course of medicine. 2. ancient /ˈeɪnʃənt/ adj. 古代的；古老的 搭配：ancient Chinese medical books 中国古代医书；ancient culture 古代文化；ancient civilizations 古代文明 例句：Ancient texts often hold valuable knowledge. 翻译练习： 科学家们从这本古老的书中找到了治疗这种疾病的线索。 _____________________________________________________________________ Scientists found clues to treat this disease from this ancient book. 3. award /əˈwɔːd/ v. 授予；奖励 n. 奖项；奖品 搭配：award sb. sth. 授予某人某物；award a prize 颁发奖项；win an award 获奖；Nobel Prize 诺贝尔奖 词转：awarded adj. 获奖的；award-winning adj. 获奖的 例句：The government awarded the great scientist a medal for her contributions to medicine. 翻译练习： 他因青蒿素的发现被授予诺贝尔奖。 _____________________________________________________________________ He was awarded the Nobel Prize for the discovery of qinghaosu. 4. life-saving /ˈlaɪf seɪvɪŋ/ adj. 救命的；救生的 搭配：life-saving medicine 救命药；life-saving equipment 救生设备；life-saving skills 救生技能 例句：The life-saving medicine was sent to the disaster area as soon as possible. 同类构词法：节约成本的： cost-cutting 打破记录的： record-breaking 节省时间的： time-saving 令人心碎的： heart-breaking 改变游戏规则的： game-changing 吸睛的： eye-catching 节能的： energy-saving 翻译练习： 这种救生设备在紧急情况下能帮助人们脱离危险。 _____________________________________________________________________ This life-saving equipment can help people get out of danger in emergencies. 5. course /kɔːs/ n. 进程；过程；课程 搭配：the course of medicine 医学的进程；the course of history 历史进程；change the course of 改变……的进程；a medical course 医学课程 例句：The invention of X-rays changed the course of medical development. 翻译练习： 这项技术彻底改变了我们行业的发展进程。 _____________________________________________________________________ This technological has completely changed the course of our industry’s development. 6. treat /triːt/ v. 治疗；对待；处理 搭配：treat an illness 治疗疾病；treat sb. well 善待某人；treat a problem 处理问题；treat serious diseases 治疗重病 词转：treatment n. 治疗；疗法 例句：Doctors can now treat this disease with the new medicine developed by Tu Youyou. 翻译练习： 这种新疗法能有效治疗这种严重的传染病(infectious disease)。 _____________________________________________________________________ This new treatment can effectively treat this serious infectious disease. 7. serious /ˈsɪəriəs/ adj. 严重的；严肃的；认真的 搭配：serious illness 重病；serious problem 严重问题；serious attitude 认真的态度；serious consequences 严重后果 词转：seriously adv. 严重地；认真地 例句：If we don’t take action now, the serious situation will get worse. 翻译练习： 这种病毒可能会导致严重的健康问题，我们必须认真对待。 _____________________________________________________________________ This virus may cause serious health problems, and we must take it seriously. 8. medical /ˈmedɪkl/ adj. 医学的；医疗的；医药的 搭配：medical books 医书；medical research 医学研究；medical equipment 医疗设备；medical team 医疗队 词转：medicine n. 药；医学 例句：She devoted her whole life to medical research for rare diseases. 翻译练习： 这家医院有最先进的(advanced)医疗设备来治疗复杂的病症。 _____________________________________________________________________ This hospital have the most advanced medical equipment to treat complex diseases. 9. volunteer /ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/ v. 自愿做；主动提出 n. 志愿者 搭配：volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事；volunteer for sth. 自愿参与某事；volunteer at a hospital 在医院做志愿者 词转：voluntary adj. 自愿的；志愿的；volunteering n. 志愿服务 例句：She volunteered to help with the research. 翻译练习： 他自愿参与了新药的测试。 _____________________________________________________________________ He volunteered to take part in the new drug test. 三、短语 1. by accident 偶然 搭配：discover sth. by accident 偶然发现某物；meet sb. by accident 偶然遇见某人；happen by accident 意外发生 例句：Fleming discovered penicillin by accident. 翻译练习： 我偶然发现了那把丢失的钥匙。 _____________________________________________________________________ I found the lost key by accident. 2. light up 使……照亮；使（想法）浮现；变得兴奋 搭配：light up an idea 灵光一现；light up the room 照亮房间；light up with joy 喜形于色 例句：A sentence in the ancient book lit up an idea for solving the research problem. 翻译练习： 当他听到这个好消息时，他的脸上立刻露出了笑容。 _____________________________________________________________________ When he heard the good news, his face lit up with a smile immediately. 3. turn ... into 把……变成；使……成为 搭配：turn a plant into medicine 把植物变成药物；turn an idea into reality 把想法变成现实；turn waste into treasure 变废为宝 例句：The researchers turned the traditional recipe into a modern and effective drug. 翻译练习： 这些科学家成功地把一种野生植物变成了救命药。 _____________________________________________________________________ These scientists successfully turned a wild plant into a life-saving medicine. 好题精练 （一）单词适当形式填空 1. The ______ (discover) of X-rays has greatly improved medical diagnosis (诊断). 2. Many ______ (medical) workers volunteered to go to the remote areas to help the sick. 3. The scientist was ______ (award) a gold medal for his great contributions to medicine. 4. She devoted herself to the ______ (treat) of rare diseases and saved many lives. 5. A bright idea ______ (light) up his mind when he was reading the ancient book. 6. It’s a ______ (seriously) problem that needs immediate action from the government. 7. The researchers ______ (success) turned the traditional recipe into a modern drug. 8. Many students ______ (volunteer) to help with the medical exhibition last weekend. 【答案及解析】 1. discovery：空格前有定冠词The，需填名词形式。discover的名词为discovery，意为“发现”，符合句意“X射线的发现极大地改善了医学诊断”。 2. medical：空格后为名词workers，需填形容词作定语。medical为形容词，意为“医疗的”，medical workers即“医务工作者”。 3. awarded：主语The scientist与award之间是被动关系，需用被动语态（be + 过去分词）。award的过去分词为awarded，句意“这位科学家因对医学的巨大贡献被授予金牌”。 4. treatment：空格前有定冠词the，需填名词。treat的名词为treatment，意为“治疗”，the treatment of rare diseases即“罕见病的治疗”。 5. lit：根据时间状语从句“when he was reading”可知，主句用一般过去时。light的过去式为lit，light up意为“使（想法）浮现”，句意“他读古籍时，一个好主意涌上心头”。 6. serious：空格后为名词problem，需填形容词作定语。serious为形容词，意为“严重的”，符合句意“这是一个需要政府立即采取行动的严重问题”。 7. successfully：空格后为动词turned，需填副词修饰动词。success的副词形式为successfully，意为“成功地”，句意“研究人员成功地将传统配方转化为现代药物”。 8. volunteered：根据时间状语last weekend可知，用一般过去时。volunteer的过去式为volunteered，意为“自愿做”，句意“上周末许多学生自愿帮忙举办医学展览”。 （二）从方框中选择合适的词，并用其适当形式填空，每词限用一次，有一项多余。 ancient, medical, life-saving, turn...into, volunteer, serious When a lot of people suffered from a 1. ________ illness, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a cure. She read a lot of 2. ________ Chinese medical books and found a plant called qinghao. Her team tried hard to 3. ________ the plant’s active part ______ medicine. Finally, they succeeded and created a 4. ________ drug named qinghaosu. Tu even 5. ________ to test the drug on herself to make sure it was safe. This discovery changed the course of medicine and saved millions of lives. 【答案及解析】 1. serious：空格后为名词illness，需填形容词修饰。结合语境“很多人患重病”，serious（严重的）符合句意。 2. ancient：空格后为Chinese medical books，结合课文可知屠呦呦阅读的是“古代医书”，ancient（古代的）为固定搭配，符合语境。 3. turn; into：结合课文“将植物有效成分转化为药物”，turn...into...为固定短语，意为“把……变成……”；try to后接动词原形，故直接用turn...into。 4. life-saving：空格后为名词drug，需填形容词修饰。结合课文，青蒿素是“救命药”，life-saving（救命的）为合成形容词，符合句意。 5. volunteered：根据语境“屠呦呦自愿在自己身上测试药物”，volunteer to do sth.为固定搭配；文章讲述过去的事，用一般过去时volunteered。多余项为course（进程），句中已提及“改变医学进程”，但空格已填满，故排除。 （三）阅读理解题 1. What did Röntgen discover when doing electricity experiments? A. Penicillin. B. X-rays. C. Qinghaosu. D. A new kind of tube. 2. How did Fleming discover penicillin? A. He studied ancient medical books. B. He used a low-heat method. C. He forgot to clean his lab before holiday. D. He tested plants from tropical areas. 3. Why did Tu Youyou use a low-heat method? A. To get the active part from qinghao. B. To test the medicine on herself. C. To write medical books. D. To win the Nobel Prize. 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the three discoveries? A. X-rays were first used to treat malaria. B. Penicillin was turned into life-saving medicine by Fleming alone. C. Qinghaosu is a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine. D. All three discoverers won the Nobel Prize. 5. What do the three scientists have in common? A. They all studied ancient books. B. Their discoveries changed medicine. C. They all discovered medicines by accident. D. They all tested their discoveries on themselves. 【答案及解析】 1. B。解析：根据课文Part 1内容，“This was how Röntgen discovered X-rays in 1895”，可知伦琴在电学实验中发现了X射线，故选B。A选项青霉素是弗莱明的发现，C选项青蒿素是屠呦呦的发现，D选项“新型管子”并非伦琴的发现对象。 2. C。解析：由课文Part 2可知，“he went on a holiday but forgot to clean up his lab before he left. When he got back, he found some strange mould growing... he discovered penicillin”，弗莱明因假期前忘记清理实验室，偶然发现了青霉素，故选C。A选项“研究古籍”是屠呦呦的做法，B选项“使用低温法”是屠呦呦提取青蒿素的手段，D选项“测试热带植物”文中未提及。 3. A。解析：根据课文Part 3，“Tu and her team failed to get the active part from the plant... one line lit up an idea for her — a low-heat method! With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part”，屠呦呦使用低温法是为了从青蒿中提取有效成分，故选A。B选项“在自己身上测试药物”是提取有效成分后的行动，C选项“写医书”并非她的目的，D选项“赢得诺贝尔奖”是发现带来的结果，而非使用低温法的原因。 4. C。解析：由课文Part 3最后一句“Tu called the discovery ‘a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine to the world’”，可知青蒿素是中医药给世界的礼物，C选项表述正确。A选项X射线用于医院诊疗，并非治疗疟疾；B选项青霉素是“other scientists turned penicillin into life-saving medicine”，并非弗莱明独自完成；D选项文中仅提及伦琴获得诺贝尔奖，屠呦呦虽获诺奖（课文未明确提及但结合常识，核心依据课文表述），弗莱明未在课文中提及获奖，且题目要求基于课文内容，故“三人都获诺奖”表述错误。 5. B。解析：综合全文，伦琴的X射线“widely used in hospitals”，弗莱明的青霉素“changed the course of medicine”，屠呦呦的青蒿素“saved millions of lives”，三位科学家的发现都改变了医学发展，故选B。A选项“都研究古籍”仅屠呦呦符合；C选项“都偶然发现药物”，伦琴的X射线是实验中主动观察到的，并非偶然发现“药物”；D选项“都在自己身上测试发现”仅屠呦呦符合。 （四）阅读填表题 阅读文中三位科学家的相关内容，完成表格（每空不超过4个词）： Scientist Discovery Key Reason for Success Major Influence Wilhelm Röntgen X-rays 1. ________________ 2. ________________; won Nobel Prize Alexander Fleming Penicillin 3. ________________ Became life-saving medicine; 4. _______________ Tu Youyou Qinghaosu 5. ________________ 6. ________________; helped millions 【答案及解析】 1. Observed green light 解析：课文Part 1提到伦琴在实验中“saw a green light coming from the tubes”，正是对这一异常光线的观察让他发现了X射线，故填“Observed green light”（符合“不超过4个词”要求，核心动作+对象）。 2. Used in hospitals 解析：根据“After many tests on humans, they were soon widely used in hospitals”，X射线的主要影响是在医院广泛应用，故填“Used in hospitals”。 3. Noticed mould’s effect 解析：弗莱明的成功关键是发现“the mould seemed to stop the bacteria around it from growing”，即注意到霉菌的作用，故填“Noticed mould’s effect”。 4. Changed medicine 解析：由“the discovery of penicillin changed the course of medicine”，可知青霉素的另一大影响是改变了医学进程，故填“Changed medicine”。 5. Used low-heat method 解析：屠呦呦成功的核心是采用低温法提取青蒿素有效成分，课文明确提到“With this method, she and her team successfully got the active part”，故填“Used low-heat method”。 6. Treated malaria 解析：根据“qinghaosu became an important treatment for malaria”，青蒿素的主要作用是治疗疟疾，故填“Treated malaria”。 （五）口语复述练习【自由发挥】 逻辑：“科学家→发现过程→成果影响” Röntgen 与 X 射线：Wilhelm Röntgen was a German scientist. He did electricity experiments with tubes covered in black paper. He saw a green light from the tubes, and the light passed through objects. When he used the light on his wife’s hand, he saw her bones — that’s how X-rays were discovered. Later, X-rays were used in hospitals, and Röntgen got the Nobel Prize. Fleming 与青霉素：British scientist Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin by accident. He forgot to clean his lab before holiday. When he came back, he saw mould on dishes — the mould stopped bacteria growing. Later, penicillin became a life-saving medicine and changed medicine. 屠呦呦与青蒿素：When many people had malaria, Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine. She read ancient books and found the qinghao plant. Her team tried hard and finally used a low-heat method to get the active part — qinghaosu. Tu tested it on herself first. Qinghaosu saved millions of lives, and Tu called it a gift from Traditional Chinese Medicine. 知识精讲 四、语法 （一）感叹句【本单元核心】 1. 定义 感叹句用来表达强烈的情感，比如惊讶、赞美、感慨等，常用 what 或 how 引导，句末用感叹号。 2. 结构（2种） 引导词 结构公式 说明 what what + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 核心是修饰“名词”，名词是可数单数时加a/an，不可数或复数不加 how how + 形容词/副词 + (主语 + 谓语)！ 核心是修饰“形容词”或“副词”，不直接接名词 3. 结合课文例句 ①what引导（修饰名词）： 课文原句相关拓展：Penicillin is an amazing discovery.（青霉素是一项惊人的发现） 改为感叹句：What an amazing discovery (penicillin is)! 解析：形容词amazing修饰名词discovery（可数单数），所以用what an。 ② how引导（修饰形容词）： 课文原句相关拓展：Tu Youyou’s idea is clever.（屠呦呦的想法很聪明） 改为感叹句：How clever Tu Youyou’s idea is! 解析：直接修饰形容词clever，用how引导。 ③how引导（修饰副词）： 课文原句相关拓展：Qinghaosu works effectively.（青蒿素效果显著） 改为感叹句：How effectively qinghaosu works! 解析：修饰副词effectively，用how引导。 4. 小技巧（快速区分what/how） 看感叹词后面的核心词： 核心词是名词 → 用what； 核心词是形容词/副词 → 用how。 好题精练 请根据句意，将下列句子改为感叹句（用what或how引导）。 1. The ancient medical books are valuable. 2. Qinghaosu is a life-saving medicine. 3. The scientists worked hard. 4. The discovery of X-rays is important. 5. The low-heat method is clever. 【答案及解析】 1. How valuable the ancient medical books are!解析：原句核心词是形容词valuable（有价值的），修饰形容词用how引导，直接套用“how + 形容词 + 主语+谓语”结构。 2. What a life-saving medicine qinghaosu is!解析：原句核心词是名词medicine（药），且为可数单数，形容词life-saving修饰名词，故用“what + a + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语+谓语”结构。 3. How hard the scientists worked!解析：原句核心词是副词hard（努力地），修饰副词用how引导，结构为“how + 副词 + 主语+谓语”。 4. How important the discovery of X-rays is!解析：原句核心词是形容词important（重要的），修饰形容词用how引导，后续接主语the discovery of X-rays和谓语is。 5. How clever the low-heat method is!解析：原句核心词是形容词clever（巧妙的），修饰形容词用how引导，直接衔接主语the low-heat method和谓语is。 （二）被动语态 1. 定义 当我们更关注“动作的承受者”（谁/什么被怎样），而不是“动作的发出者”（谁做了什么）时，就用被动语态。比如“X射线被发现”，重点在X射线，而不是“伦琴发现”。 2. 结构（结合课文里的一般过去时） 主语（动作承受者） + was/were + 动词过去分词 + （by + 动作发出者） 说明：by后面接“谁做的”，可以省略；主语是单数用was，复数用were。 3. 结合课文原句讲解 ①课文原句1：Röntgen was awarded the Nobel Prize.（伦琴被授予诺贝尔奖） 解析： 主语Röntgen（动作承受者：被授予奖项的人） was awarded：was + 动词award的过去分词（awarded），表示“被授予” 省略了by...（被谁授予，课文没提，所以省略） ②课文原句2：Tu Youyou was chosen to find a medicine.（屠呦呦被选中去寻找药物） 解析： 主语Tu Youyou（动作承受者：被选中的人） was chosen：was + 动词choose的过去分词（chosen），表示“被选中” ③课文原句拓展：X-rays were widely used in hospitals.（X射线在医院被广泛使用） 解析： 主语X-rays（复数），所以用were were used：were + 动词use的过去分词（used），表示“被使用” 4. 小总结 课文讲科学发现，常需要强调“发现物被使用”“科学家被选中/授予奖项”，所以高频出现一般过去时的被动语态。记住结构：was/were + 过去分词！ 好题精练 请根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。 1. Penicillin ______ (discover) by Fleming in 1928. 2. A lot of ancient medical books ______ (find) in the old library. 3. The active part from qinghao ______ (get) by Tu Youyou and her team with a low-heat method. 4. The new medicine ______ (test) on volunteers before it was used in hospitals. 5. The Nobel Prize ______ (award) to Röntgen for his discovery of X-rays. 【答案及解析】 1. was discovered解析：主语Penicillin（青霉素）是动作discover（发现）的承受者，用被动语态；时间状语in 1928表示过去，主语为单数，故用“was + 过去分词”，discover的过去分词是discovered。 2. were found解析：主语A lot of ancient medical books（许多古代医书）是动作find（发现）的承受者，用被动语态；主语为复数，过去时中用“were + 过去分词”，find的过去分词是found。 3. was got主语The active part（有效成分）是动作get（提取）的承受者，用被动语态；主语为单数，过去时用“was + 过去分词”，get的过去分词是got。 4. was tested主语The new medicine（新药）是动作test（测试）的承受者，用被动语态；主语为单数，过去时用“was + 过去分词”，test的过去分词是tested。 5. was awarded主语The Nobel Prize（诺贝尔奖）是动作award（授予）的承受者，用被动语态；主语为单数，过去时用“was + 过去分词”，award的过去分词是awarded。 综合提升练 一、单项选择 1．________ precious fresh water is! That’s why we call it “liquid gold”. A．What B．What a C．How a D．How 【答案】D 【详解】句意：淡水多么珍贵啊！这就是我们称它为“液态黄金”的原因。 考查感叹句的用法。感叹句的结构分为两类：How + 形容词/副词 + 主语 + 谓语！和What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主语 + 谓语！空格后是形容词 precious“珍贵的”，符合How + 形容词 的结构。故选D。 2．________ important information we have got from the online post! A．What a B．How C．What D．How a 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们从网上的帖子里得到了多么重要的信息啊！ 考查what引导的感叹句。句中important information“重要的信息”的中心词是不可数名词information，形容词important修饰名词。不可数名词前不能用a/an，因此符合“What + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + 主语 + 谓语！”的结构，故选C。 3．The water in this lake _______ by the factories around it. A．be polluted B．pollute C．was polluted D．being polluted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个湖里的水被它周围的工厂污染。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知湖水已被污染，应用一般过去时，而主语the water和谓语动词pollute为逻辑上的动宾关系，应用被动语态，其谓语结构为“was/were+done”，故选C。 4．— We had a great time at the amusement park last weekend. — Yeah! ________ it is to ride the roller coaster! A．What a fun B．What fun C．How fun D．How a fun 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——上周末我们在游乐园玩得超开心。——是啊！坐过山车多有趣啊！ 考查感叹句。what a fun表述错误；what fun表述正确；how fun表述错误；how a fun表述错误。fun为不可数名词，需用“what+不可数名词+主语+谓语”结构。故选B。 5．Look at the heavy rain! ________ awful weather we are having today! A．What B．What an C．How D．How an 【答案】A 【详解】句意：看这大雨！今天天气多糟糕啊！ 考查感叹句。根据“…awful weather we are having today!”可知，此处是What引导的感叹句，weather是不可数名词，其结构是“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语”。故选A。 6．David _________ monitor of Class 3 at yesterday’s meeting because of his ability and popularity. A．elect B．elected C．is elected D．was elected 【答案】D 【详解】句意：大卫在昨天的会议上被选为三班班长，因为他的能力和受欢迎的程度。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“at yesterday’s meeting”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；又由于主语David与动词elect之间是动宾关系，因此空处用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done，主语是单数，be用was。故选D。 7．That building is part of Shanghai’s history. It ________ many years ago. A．built B．builds C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这栋建筑是上海历史的一部分。它在多年前被建造。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语many years ago“许多年前”可知，用一般过去时，主语为it，和build是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。 8．The foreign teacher ________ basketball with his students after school yesterday. A．plays B．played C．has played D．had played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：昨天放学后那个外教和他的学生们打了篮球。 考查动词的时态。根据“yesterday”可知句子应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式“played”。故选B。 9．—Football ________ by the British over 100 years ago. —That’s why football is one of ________ popular games there. A．was invented; the most B．invented; more C．was invented; more D．invented; the most 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——足球是英国人在100多年前发明的。——这就是为什么足球是那里最受欢迎的运动之一。 考查语态和形容词。invent“发明”，the most“最”，more“更多的”，主语football与谓语invent之间是被动关系，因此用被动语态，排除BD两项。one of the+形容词的最高级+复数名词，表示“最……的……之一”，故选A。 10．Many reporters ________ the police about the international case two days ago. A．interviewed B．interview C．are interviewing D．have interviewed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：两天前，许多记者就这个国际案件采访了警方。 考查动词时态。时间状语“two days ago”明确表示过去时间点，需用一般过去时，动词填过去式interviewed 。故选A。 11．The work ________ last night. You can have a good rest today. A．has finished B．is finished C．was finished D．finished 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这项工作昨晚完成了。你今天可以好好休息。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last night”可知，此句时态为一般过去时；主语the work是动作的承受者，应用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were done”，主语为单数，be动词用was。故选C。 12．Chengdu ________ a great number of tourists last Spring Festival. A．attracts B．attracted C．has attracted D．will attract 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年春节，成都吸引了大量游客。 考查动词时态。根据“last Spring Festival”可知，句子陈述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，谓语动词应用过去式attracted。故选B。 13．Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship ________ into space successfully on June 5th, 2022. A．is sent B．sent C．was sent D．had sent 【答案】C 【详解】句意：2022年6月5日，神舟十四号载人飞船成功发射升空。 考查被动语态。根据“Shenzhou-14 manned spaceship …into space successfully on June 5th, 2022.”可知，此处主语和动词send之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，时态为一般过去时，主语为名词单数，结构为was done。故选C。 14．Soon after the school newspaper started, Arthur _________ a report for the headmaster. A．write B．writes C．wrote D．will write 【答案】C 【详解】句意：校报创刊后不久，阿瑟给校长写了一篇报道。 考查动词时态。根据“Soon after the school newspaper started”并结合语境可知，设空处的动作已经发生，为一般过去时，故选C。 二、单词适当形式填空 15．But we can finish the job earlier with more (volunteer). 【答案】volunteers 【详解】句意：但有更多志愿者的话，我们能更早完成这项工作。 “more”后接可数名词复数，“volunteer”志愿者，是可数名词，其复数形式为“volunteers”，符合“更多志愿者”的语义。故填volunteers。 16．My brother looked forward to (volunteer) to teach in the mountain village. 【答案】volunteering 【详解】句意：我的哥哥期待着去山村支教。“look forward to”中“to”是介词，后接动名词形式，“volunteer”的动名词是“volunteering”，意为“志愿做”。故填volunteering。 17．Free (medicine) care is provided by the government for the old. 【答案】medical 【详解】句意：政府为老年人提供免费医疗保健。 根据“Free ... (medicine) care”可知是免费医疗保健，这里应用形容词作定语，medicine的形容词形式是medical，意为“医疗的”。故填medical。 18．This new for cancer proves very effective. (treat) 【答案】treatment 【详解】句意：这种治疗癌症的新方法被证明非常有效。根据“This new...for cancer proves very effective.”以及英语提示可知，此处需要一个名词作主语，treat是动词，意为“治疗；对待”，其名词形式是treatment，意为“治疗方法”。故填treatment。 19．The teacher (award) Emily the first prize and she was really happy. 【答案】awarded 【详解】句意：老师授予艾米丽一等奖，她非常高兴。根据“she was really happy.”可知，时态为一般过去时，award“奖励，授予”，此处应该填入award的过去式awarded，作谓语。故填awarded。 20．The (discover) of this fuel makes the scientists excited. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：这种燃料的发现让科学家们感到兴奋。“the”是定冠词，后面需接一个名词，构成名词短语作主语。discover是动词，意为“发现”，名词形式为discovery。故填discovery。 21．The teacher (discover) that some students felt stressed because of too many exams. 【答案】discovered 【详解】句意：老师发现一些学生因为太多的考试而感到压力。discover“发现”，根据“felt”可知，句子是一般过去时，动词要用过去式，discover过去式为discovered。故填discovered。 22．Taizhou Team (successful) won the championship of the 2025 Jiangsu Football City League. 【答案】successfully 【详解】句意：泰州队成功地赢得了2025年江苏省足球城市联赛的冠军。根据“won”可知，此处使用副词修饰动词，successful的副词为successfully“成功地”。故填successfully。 三、选词填空 将下列单词或词组填入空处，每空限填一个单词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．in the past  B．such as   C． accurately  D．successful  E. safe  F. useful From the hunters and gatherers of ancient times to today’s pilots and farmers, predicting the weather can make the difference between success and failure. Humans have long tried to predict the weather 23 . Weather forecasts also save people’s lives. They help sailors stay 24 at sea, and help officials save people from storms. Nowadays, the methods of predicting weather are very high-tech, but 25 people studied birds, cows and insects for clues as to what might happen. In 650 BC the Babylonians (巴比伦人) tried to predict the weather based on the appearance (出现) of clouds and other things 26 halos (光晕). By 300 BC in China, a calendar had been developed that divided the year into 24 festivals, each festival connected with a type of weather. This was 27 for farmers to plan when to plant seeds and harvest their crops. 【答案】23．C 24．E 25．A 26．B 27．F 【导语】本文主要介绍了人类预测天气的历史和重要性。 23．句意：长期以来，人类一直试图准确地预测天气。根据“Humans have long tried to predict the weather”可知，此处应该说准确地预测天气，备选词accurately“准确地”符合语境，修饰动词predict，故选C。 24．句意：他们帮助水手在海上保持安全，并帮助官员从风暴中拯救人们。根据“and help officials save people from storms.”可知，这里是说的安全，stay safe“保持安全”符合语境。故选E。 25．句意：现在，预测天气的方法是非常高科技的，但在过去，人们研究鸟类、奶牛和昆虫来寻找可能发生的事情的线索。根据“Nowadays, the methods of predicting weather are very high-tech,”可知，设空处说的是过去人们如何做，备选词in the past“过去”符合语境。故选A。 26．句意：公元前650年，巴比伦人试图根据云和光晕等其他事物的出现来预测天气。根据“halos (光晕).”可知，后文开始举例，备选词such as“比如”符合语境。故选B。 27．句意：这对农民计划何时播种和收获庄稼很有用。根据“for farmers to plan when to plant seeds and harvest their crops.”可知，这个是有用的，备选词useful“有用的”，作表语。故选F。 将下列单词或词组填入空处，每空限填一个单词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．originally     B．created         C． rather      D．breath          E. skin F. blow         G. ancient         H. sign        I. send Haunting sound of the bagpipes The sound of the bagpipes (风笛) is as familiar to the Scottish as wearing a kilt (苏格兰方格呢短裙) and climbing mountains. But the sad sound of the Scottish bagpipes will 28 a shiver (颤抖) down your body, whether you love the sound, or hate it. Most modern Scottish bagpipes are made up of three wooden pipes, which come out of the top of a bag made of sheep or elk (麋鹿) 29 . When the piper blows into the pipes, a long sound is heard, 30 like that of a Chinese erhu. Tunes are 31 when the piper puts his fingers over the nine holes on the pipes. If the piper wants to take a(an) 32 , he can press on the bag with his arm, and the bagpipe music does not stop. Bagpipes have been played for thousands of years. They don’t 33 come from Scotland, although many people think they do. A piper is always needed at Burns-suppers. Burns-night started 200 years ago as a tribute to the famous Scottish poet, Robert Burns. A Burns-Supper starts when a haggis is brought in to dinner to the sound of the bagpipes. The British royal family employ a bagpiper to play for them. When the Queen stays at her Scottish castle, Balmoral, the royal piper plays every morning after breakfast, as well as at special dinners and balls. So whether the sharp sound of the bagpipes thrills you or not, there is no 34 that the popularity of this strange and 35 instrument is fading. 【答案】28．I 29．E 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．H 35．G 【导语】本文主要讲苏格兰人对吹奏风笛情有独钟。 28．句意：但无论你是喜欢还是讨厌苏格兰风笛，它那悲伤的声音都会让你浑身颤抖。will后接动词原形，此处表示使某人浑身颤抖，用send表示“使作出（某种反应）”。故选I。 29．句意：大多数现代苏格兰风笛由三根木制的风笛组成，这些风笛从羊皮或麋鹿皮制成的袋子的顶部伸出来。根据“a bag made of sheep or elk ...”可推出是由羊皮或麋鹿皮制成，用skin表示“皮肤”，不可数名词。故选E。 30．句意：当风笛手吹向风管时，就会听到一种长长的声音，很像中国二胡的声音。rather like“很像”。故选C。 31．句意：当吹笛者将手指放在管子上的九个孔上时，就会产生曲调。根据“when the piper puts his fingers over the nine holes on the pipes”可知此处指产生曲调，are后接过去分词created，构成一般现在时的被动语态。故选B。 32．句意：如果吹笛者想要呼吸，他可以用手臂压在袋子上，风笛的音乐就不会停止。take a breath“呼吸”。故选D。 33．句意：它们最初并非来自苏格兰，尽管许多人认为它们来自苏格兰。此处用副词修饰动词，originally“最初”，符合语境。故选A。 34．句意：因此，无论风笛的尖锐声音是否让你兴奋，都没有迹象表明这种奇怪而古老的乐器的受欢迎程度正在消退。根据“that the popularity of this strange and ... instrument is fading”可推出是没有消退的迹象，sign“迹象”，结合is可知此处用单数。故选H。 35．句意：因此，无论风笛的尖锐声音是否让你兴奋，都没有迹象表明这种奇怪而古老的乐器的受欢迎程度正在消退。形容词修饰名词，此处用ancient表示“古老的”。故选G。 将下列单词或词组填入空处，每空限填一个单词或词组，每词只能填一次。 A．awarded   B．simply    C． safer   D．drive  E. as well as    F. walking    G. various Free energy is everywhere around us. There are many ways to make and collect energy from 36 sources like the Sun, wind and water. People also realize that everyday stuff can be a source of energy too. For example, riding a bike, running or just 37 , etc. We 38 have to change our way of thinking if we want to change the world. So comes the idea of solar roadways. The US Department of Transportation recently 39 $100,000 to Solar Roadways to build the first ever Solar Road Panels. The Solar Road Panels will contain embedded (嵌入的) LEDs which “paint” the road lines from beneath to provide safer nighttime driving 40 to give drivers instant instructions such as detour (绕行) ahead. There will be embedded heating elements in the surface to prevent snow and ice buildup, providing 41 winter driving. 【答案】36．various 37．walking 38．simply 39．awarded 40．as well as 41．safer 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了我们周围的免费能源，人们能从太阳、风和水等不同的资源获取能源，并且人们也利用太阳能建造太阳能道路面板，从而有效利用太阳能。 36．句意：有许多方法可以利用各种各样的资源制造和收集能源，如太阳、风和水。根据文意可推测，此处需要填写形容词作定语，修饰名词sources；根据后半句列举的资源，可推测此处表示“各种各样的资源”；various形容词，各种各样的，故填various。 37．句意：人们也意识到日常事物也可以是能量的来源，例如，骑自行车，跑步或散步，等等。根据句中for example可知，此处需要填写一个名词或者动名词，与空格前“riding a bike”及“running”并列，结合句意和备选词汇可知“walking散步”符合句意。故填walking。 38．句意：如果我们想要改变世界，我们只需要改变我们的思维方式。本句结构完整，可以考虑填写副词。由上句中just提示可知，此处可以表示“简单地，仅仅”的含义，备选词汇中simply符合题意。故填simply。 39．句意：美国交通部最近向太阳能公路公司拨款10万美元，用于建造有史以来第一块太阳能道路面板。根据句意可知，此处需要填写动词作本句的谓语，且本句时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。结合句意及备选词汇可知，“awarded授予”符合句意，故填awarded。 40．句意：太阳能路面面板将嵌入led灯，从下方“油漆”道路线，为夜间驾驶提供安全保障，并向司机提供如前方绕行等即时指示。根据空格前及空格后的动词不定式可知，此处需要填写“也”的含义；根据句意和备选词汇可知“as well as也，和”符合句意。故填as well as。 41．句意：路面将嵌入加热元件，以防止雪和冰的凝结，使冬季驾驶更安全。根据句意可知此处需要填写形容词，修饰动名词短语winter driving，且需要用比较级形式，与以前的冬天驾驶情况作比较。根据句意和备选词汇可知“safer更安全”符合题意。故填safer。 Complete the following passage with the words or phrases in the box. Each word or phrase can only be used once(将下列单词或词组填入空格。每空格限填一词，每个单词或词组只能填一次) A．comfortable    B．especially    C． same    D．hours    E. completely     When you think of the sea, you may not think of Xinjiang or Inner Mongolia. These places are often remembered as somewhere with long 42 of sunlight. But recently, the seafood produced in these places has become popular, 43 after Japan put nuclear-contaminated water (核污水) into the sea, reported China Daily. In Xinjiang, thousands of tons of rainbow trout (虹鳟鱼) will be produced this year. Rainbow trout belongs to the 44 family as salmon (鲑鱼), which is a well-known seafood. It tastes like salmon, too. Why do farmers there choose to grow fish? And it is because the meltwater from the Tianshan Mountain is very clean and cold. It is a “ 45 ” home for fish.      A．wash away     B．covers      C． turn into     D．create    E. average Meanwhile, in Inner Mongolia, whiteleg shrimp (南美白对虾) grows well. Saline soil (盐碱土) 46 a large part of the desert so that few plants are able to grow. Farmers used to put the water from the Yellow River onto the farmland to 47 the salt. This is a waste of salty water. Scientists then decided to 48 “seawater” with the salty water by adding some other components (成分). Whiteleg shrimps can live well in this kind of water. They taste no different from the shrimps in the sea. The 49 income of a fisherman there is 19,960 yuan, which is much higher than before. 【答案】42．D 43．B 44．C 45．A 46．B 47．A 48．D 49．E 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了新疆和内蒙古地“海鲜”很受欢迎，并且介绍了虹鳟鱼和南美白对虾的养殖方法。 42．句意：这些地方在人们的记忆中常常是日照时间很长的地方。根据“sunlight”和备选词汇可知，日照时间很长，hours符合句意，故选D。 43．句意：但据《中国日报》报道，最近，这些地方生产的海鲜变得很受欢迎，尤其是在日本将受核污染的水排入大海之后。根据“after Japan put nuclear-contaminated water(核污水) into the sea”和备选词汇可知，强调日本将核污染水排海之后，这些地方更受欢迎，especially符合句意，故选B。 44．句意：虹鳟鱼与鲑鱼同科，是一种著名的海鲜。根据“family as salmon”和备选词汇可知，虹鳟鱼与鲑鱼同科，same符合句意，故选C。 45．句意：对鱼来说，这是一个“舒适”的家。根据“because the meltwater from the Tianshan Mountain is very clean and cold”和备选词汇可知，生存环境友好，因此对鱼类来说，是个“舒适”的家，comfortable符合句意，故选A。 46．句意：盐碱地覆盖了沙漠的大部分，因此很少有植物能够生长。根据“a large part of the desert”和备选词汇可知，盐碱地覆盖了沙漠的大部分，covers符合句意，故选B。 47．句意：农民们过去常常把黄河的水放到农田里去洗掉盐。根据“This is a waste of salty water.”和备选词汇可知，用黄河水冲洗盐，wash away符合句意，故选A。 48．句意：然后，科学家们决定在盐水中加入一些其他成分来制造“海水”。根据“by adding some other components”和备选词汇可知，加入一些其他成分来制造“海水”，create符合句意，故选D。 49．句意：那里渔民的平均收入是19960元，比以前高得多。根据“income”和备选词汇可知，平均收入比以前高，average符合句意，故选E。 四、完成句子 50．They are such wonderful singers that everyone admires their talent. (改为感叹句) singers they are! Everyone admires their talent! 【答案】What wonderful 【详解】句意：他们是如此出色的歌手，以至于每个人都钦佩他们的才华。结合句意和题目要求可知，此处应用感叹句结构“What + 形容词 + 可数名词复数 + 主语 + 谓语！”，原句中心词是“singers”（可数名词复数），“wonderful”是形容词修饰“singers”，所以用“What wonderful”引导感叹句。故填What；wonderful。 51．It’s fun to go skating on real ice in Harbin. (改为感叹句) it is to go skating on real ice in Harbin! 【答案】What fun 【详解】句意：在哈尔滨真正的冰上滑冰很有趣。分析句子可知，句子使用it固定句型“It’s+名词+to do”，表示“做某事是……”；fun是名词，表示“趣事”，使用what引导感叹句，句式为“what+不可数名词+主语+谓语”，故填What；fun。 52．Trees are wonderful natural air conditioners.（改为感叹句） natural air conditioners trees are! 【答案】What wonderful 【详解】句意：树木是极好的天然空调。改为感叹句时，中心词为“air conditioners”，应用what引导，句首首字母大写，后接形容词wonderful。故填What；wonderful。 53．The sign language is a very useful tool for communication. (改为感叹句) useful tool for communication the sign language is! 【答案】What a 【详解】句意：手语是一种非常有用的交流工具。分析所给句子，可数名词单数tool前有形容词直接修饰。因此选what引导感叹句，useful是辅音音素开头的形容词，前面用a不用an。故填What；a。 54．Water is very important to us.（改为感叹句） water is to us! 【答案】How important 【详解】句意：水对我们来说很重要。改为感叹句，中心词是形容词important，应用how引导感叹句，结构为“How+形容词+主谓”，故填How；important。 55．The girl has told us a very exciting story. (改为感叹句) exciting story she has told us! 【答案】What an 【详解】句意：这个女孩给我们讲了一个非常激动人心的故事。改为感叹句时中心词是story，为可数名词单数，因此应用“What a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数＋主语＋谓语”结构，exciting以元音音素开头，前边用不定冠词an。故填What；an。 56．The servants dressed the queen in beautiful clothes for the ceremony.（改为被动句） The queen in beautiful clothes for the ceremony by the servants. 【答案】was dressed 【详解】句意：仆人们为女王穿上漂亮的衣服参加典礼。根据原句可知，谓语动词为dressed，时态为一般过去式，被动句主语为The queen，其被动结构应为was dressed。故填was；dressed。 57．Thomas didn’t throw the old magazines away yesterday. (改为被动语态) The old magazines   away yesterday. 【答案】weren’t thrown 【详解】句意：托马斯昨天没有扔掉旧杂志。原句是一般过去时的否定句，the old magazines是动词throw的承受者，构成被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was/were+过去分词，主语是复数，此处应用否定形式weren’t，throw的过去分词是thrown。故填weren’t；thrown。 58．We gave girls the same opportunities as boys in this school.  (改为被动语态) Girls the same opportunities as boys in this school. 【答案】were given 【详解】句意：我们在这所学校给女孩和男孩同样的机会。原句是一般过去时，改为被动语态仍用一般过去时，其结构为was/were done，主语Girls是复数，be用were，give的过去分词为given。故填were；given。 59．The fireman took them to the ground after John explained about Charlie. (改为被动语态) They to the ground by the fireman after John explained about Charlie. 【答案】were taken 【详解】句意：在约翰解释了查理的情况后，消防员把他们带到了地面。原句为一般过去时，改为被动语态时，需用一般过去时的被动语态，其构成为“was/were+过去分词”。主语they是复数，be动词用were，take的过去分词是taken。故填were taken。 60．We used to call the thick wires cables.（改为被动语态） The thick wires cables in the past by us. 【答案】were called 【详解】句意：我们过去常把粗电线称为电缆。根据“used to call”可知，原句是一般过去时，其被动语态的结构为“was/were+过去分词”，主语“The thick wires”是复数，be动词用were，call的过去分词是called。故填were；called。 61．The teacher told us to finish the project in a week. (改为被动语态) We to finish the project in a week. 【答案】were told 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们在一周内完成这个项目。根据“told”可知，是过去时态，一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were done，主语是We，用were。故填were；told。 五、阅读理解 （一） Robot Builders Camp 2025Build, code, and control your own robot! Step into the world of robotics this summer with our hands-on camp for beginners! Whether you’re new to robots or already love building things, Robot Builders Camp will take your skills to the next level. Location: Tech Lab, Central Youth Centre Date:     Time: 12-15 July    9: 00 am-12: 00 pm   16-19 July    2: 00 pm-5: 00 pm What you’ll learn:    ● Basic robot parts and how they work together ● How to build simple robots using LEGO® kits ● Programming your robot to move, stop, and follow lines ● Controlling robots with sensors and remote commands Cost: Early Bird (before 20 June): $30 Standard Price(20 June-10 July): $38 Bonus: Each group will design a robot for the Robot Maze Challenge(机器人迷宫挑战赛) on the last day! Prizes will be given for speed, design, and creativity. What students said in 2024: “I didn’t know robots could be this cool! We made ours spin and dance!” —Darren, age 14 “The coding was hard at first, but once I got it, I felt like a real engineer.”—Sue, age 13    62．Who can take part in the Robot Builders Camp? A．Only students who know coding. B．Anyone interested in learning robotics. C．Students from Central Youth Centre. D．Children under the age of 10. 63．Emma wants to join the camp and pays on June 18. How much does she need to pay? A．$18. B．$30. C．$38. D．Free. 64．What do we know about the Robot Maze Challenge? A．It is held at the beginning of the camp. B．It is a test of writing code on paper. C．It includes prizes for different performances. D．Only one team gets to take part in it. 65．Which of the following skills will students most likely not develop at the camp? A．Building and programming simple robots. B．Understanding how robot sensors work. C．Making robots spin and dance. D．Controlling robots to jump across lines. 66．What is the main purpose of the poster? A．To teach coding rules for robotics. B．To describe a science competition. C．To introduce a robotics summer camp. D．To explain how robot sensors work. 【答案】62．B 63．B 64．C 65．D 66．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了一个面向初学者的2025年机器人建造夏令营活动。 62．细节理解题。根据“Whether you’re new to robots or already love building things”可知无论是否有基础都可以参加，故选B。 63．细节理解题。根据“Early Bird (before 20 June): $30”可知6月18日属于早鸟价区间，故选B。 64．细节理解题。根据“Prizes will be given for speed, design, and creativity”可知比赛会根据不同表现颁发奖项，故选C。 65．推理判断题。根据“Programming your robot to move, stop, and follow lines”和“Controlling robots with sensors”等内容可知D选项“控制机器人跳过线”未被提及，故选D。 66．主旨大意题。根据全文内容，尤其是标题“Robot Builders Camp 2025”可知这是夏令营宣传，故选C。 （二） Maybe nothing tastes as delicious and refreshing (凉爽的) as a cold, juicy, round watermelon on a hot summer day. No wonder this healthy fruit has been enjoyed by humans for thousands of years. But how about trying square watermelons instead of round ones? Sounds fascinating, doesn’t it? If you have been paying attention to all the exciting news lately, then surely you have seen all the wonderful shapes that watermelons come in these days. There are watermelons that look like Egyptian pyramids, there are special heart shaped watermelons for Valentine’s Day and of course, there are all kinds of round shapes. But did you know that it all started with square watermelons? Recently, farmers in the southern Japanese town have discovered a technique to grow their watermelons in a square shape. The reason why they’re doing this in Japan is that there is not enough space in refrigerators. They are trying to make watermelons “refrigerator-friendly”. A round watermelon can take up a lot of room in a refrigerator, and the usual round fruit often sits awkwardly (笨拙地) on refrigerator shelves. Smart Japanese farmers have forced their watermelons to grow into a square shape by putting the watermelon into square, glass cases while the fruit is still growing on the vine (藤). The new kind of square watermelons are so easy to store. You can just stack them up, which means more of them will fit in a container. This save a lot of space and also money on shipping. Also, people can now fit them better in their tiny refrigerators at home and can start buying bigger watermelons. But these square watermelons come with a high price. Regular watermelons in Japan cost from $15 to $25 each, while each square watermelon costs about $82. Being quite expensive, these watermelons will certainly not be bought by the general public. Maybe people will give them as gifts! But it is also said that there does appear to be a growing U.S. market for watermelons that are more refrigerator-friendly. The industry is seeking for opinions from consumers who do mind size. 67．According to the passage, it’s ________ to try a square watermelon these days. A．impossible B．dangerous C．fascinating D．frightening 68．________ shaped watermelons are for Valentine’s Day. A．Egyptian pyramid B．Round C．Square D．Special heart 69．Japanese farmers grow square watermelons because _________. A．they have discovered a new technique B．watermelons are not friendly C．there’s not enough space in their fridges D．round watermelons aren’t popular 70．While the watermelon is still growing on the vine, farmers put it in a _________. A．refrigerator B．glass case C．shelf D．room 71．The square watermelons enable people to _________ . A．enjoy a sweeter flavor B．enjoy more juicy fruit C．fit them better in their tiny fridges D．save more water on shipping 72．It is said that the square watermelons _________. A．can be bought easily by general public B．can be about three times the price as normal ones C．is not so popular in U.S.A． D．is bought as a gift for consumers who do mind size 【答案】67．C 68．D 69．C 70．B 71．C 72．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了日本研究种植的方形西瓜。 67．推理判断题。由第一段“But how about trying square watermelons instead of round ones? Sounds fascinating, doesn’t it?”知，尝试一个方形西瓜是令人着迷的，故选C。 68．细节理解题。由第二段“有长得像埃及金字塔的西瓜，有专为情人节准备的心形西瓜”知，有专为情人节准备的心形西瓜，故选D。 69．细节理解题。由第三段“The reason why they’re doing this in Japan is that there is not enough space in refrigerators”知，日本农民种植方形西瓜是因为冰箱没有足够的空间，故选C。 70．细节理解题。由第四段“Smart Japanese farmers have forced their watermelons to grow into a square shape by putting the watermelon into square, glass cases while the fruit is still growing on the vine”知，当西瓜仍在藤上生长时，农民把它放进一个玻璃盒子里，故选B。 71．细节理解题。由第四段“Also, people can now fit them better in their tiny refrigerators at home and can start buying bigger watermelons.”知，方形西瓜让人们能更好地把西瓜放在家里的小冰箱里，故选C。 72．推理判断题。由最后一段“Regular watermelons in Japan cost from $15 to $25 each, while each square watermelon costs about $82”知，方形西瓜的价格大概是普通西瓜的3倍，故选B。 六、回答问题 （一） “Life is speeding up. Everyone is becoming unwell.” This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unwell person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it. We all love new inventions. They are exciting, amazing and can even change our lives. But have all these developments really improved the quality of our lives? Imagine this: You’re rushing to finish your homework on the computer. Your mobile phone rings, a WeChat message from your friend appears on the screen, the noise from the telephone is getting louder and louder. Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work. Now you have to stay up all night to get it done. Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired. Why do you think people who live far away from noisy cities, who have no telephones, no cars, not even any electricity often seem to be happier? Perhaps that is because they live simpler lives. One family in the UK went “back in time” to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today. The grandparents, with their daughter, and grandsons, Benjamin, 10, and Thomas, 7, spent nine weeks in a 1940s house. They had no washing machine, microwave, computer or mobile phone. The grandmother, Lyn, said, “The more things you have, the more difficult life becomes.” The boys said they fought less. Probably, they said, because there was less to fight over, such as their computer. Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy (时髦的), beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things. 73．The underlined sentence was written in the modern times, wasn’t it? _____________________________________________________________________ 74．Why do you lose all your work on the computer according to the passage? _____________________________________________________________________ 75．How do we often feel when new inventions have speeded up our lives too much? _____________________________________________________________________ 76．Why did the family choose to spend some time in a 1940s house? _____________________________________________________________________ 77．What kind of person did Benjamin’s grandmother use to be? _____________________________________________________________________ 78．What does the passage mainly tell us? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】73．No, it isn’t. 74．Because suddenly the computer goes blank. 75．We feel stressed and tired.　 76．Because they wanted to experience life without modern inventions. 77．She used to be a trendy, beer-drinking granny. 78．Problems caused by technology. 【导语】本文主要讲科技发明加速了我们的生活，但是并没有真正的改善我们的生活，却带来了很多问题。 73．根据“This may sound like something someone would say today. But in fact, an unwell person who lived in Rome in AD 53 wrote it.”可知，这可能听起来像某人今天会说的话。但事实上，是一个生活在公元53年罗马的病人写的。因此这句话不是现代人说的。故填No, it isn’t. 74．根据“Suddenly the computer goes blank and you lose all your work.”可知，因为电脑空白了，你的工作就失去了。故填Because suddenly the computer goes blank. 75．根据“Inventions have speeded up our lives so much that they often leave us feeling stressed and tired.”可知，发明加速了我们的生活，让我们感觉压力和疲惫。故填We feel stressed and tired. 76．根据“One family in the UK went ‘back in time’ to see what life was like without all the inventions we have today.”可知，英国的一个家庭“回到过去”是因为他们想要去看看没有我们今天所有发明的生活是什么样子。故填Because they wanted to experience life without modern inventions. 77．根据“Benjamin also noticed that his grandmother had changed from being a trendy (时髦的), beer-drinking granny, to one who cooked things.”可知，Benjamin还注意到，他的祖母已经从一个时髦的、爱喝啤酒的奶奶变成了一个会做饭的奶奶。因此他的奶奶之前是一个时髦的、爱喝啤酒的奶奶。故填She used to be a trendy, beer-drinking granny. 78．根据全文可知，文章告诉我们科技发明加速了我们的生活，但是并没有真正的改善我们的生活，却带来了很多问题。故填Problems caused by technology. （二） Many children don’t like doing chores. But asking children to help with chores is more than just getting the house cleaned. It can also help children to be independent and responsible. Luckily, there is an app to help. The app You Rule Chores lets kids get up from the sofa and do chores. Through smartphone games, the app turns children into housework helpers. “It is difficult to get kids to do work around the house. We made the app to teach kids self-control, which is very important to their future,” one of the app engineers said. The games are fun, and the app is super easy to use. You Rule Chores is my favorite chore app so far. —Sam, a middle school student Young kids like to help out around the house, but fewer parents hear the words “What can I do to help?” from their older kids. A study shows that only 65% of kids aged 16 to 18 take part in chores. You Rule Chores is an app the whole family will benefit from (从中受益). Now my kids often compete to see who can do more housework. —Brooke, a mother of three kids How to use You Rule Chores? First, each child needs to choose one of the app’s characters. Then the child can start to do chores. Once he finishes it, he can get some coins (硬币) from the app. He can use them to buy things from the online store. How to use You Rule Chores? ______ Do chore → Get coins → Buy things online 79．What does the underlined word “It” refer to? _____________________________________________________________________ 80．How does the app make children do chores? _____________________________________________________________________ 81．What do the users think of the app? _____________________________________________________________________ 82．According to the research, how many kids aged 16 to 18 do chores? _____________________________________________________________________ 83．What’s the first step of the chart above? _____________________________________________________________________ 84．Do you do chores at home? Why or why not? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】79．“It” refers to “doing chores”. 80．The app turns children into housework helpers by smartphone games. 81．The games are fun and the app is super easy to use. 82．Only 65% (of kids aged 16 to 18 take part in chores). 83．Choose a character. 84．Yes, I do. Because my parents work very hard, I want to help them. 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一个应用程序，可以激励孩子们做家务。 79．根据“But asking children to help with chores is more than just getting the house cleaned. It can also help children to be independent and responsible.”可知，让孩子帮忙做家务不仅仅是打扫干净房子，它也能帮助孩子独立和有责任感。因此It指的是“做家务”。故填“It” refers to “doing chores”. 80．根据“Through smartphone games, the app turns children into housework helpers.”可知，这款应用通过智能手机游戏，将孩子变成了家务助手。故填The app turns children into housework helpers by smartphone games. 81．根据“The games are fun, and the app is super easy to use.”可知，用户认为游戏是有趣的，且应用程序超级好用。故填The games are fun and the app is super easy to use. 82．根据“A study shows that only 65% of kids aged 16 to 18 take part in chores.”可知，一项研究表明，在16岁到18岁的孩子中，只有65%的人会做家务。故填Only 65% (of kids aged 16 to 18 take part in chores). 83．根据“First, each child needs to choose one of the app’s characters.”可知，使用这个应用程序的第一步是选择角色。故填Choose a character. 84．本题是开放性试题，言之有理即可，参考答案为Yes, I do. Because my parents work very hard, I want to help them. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $