Unit1-8单词用法详解2025-2026学年译林版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了多个单元的词汇、短语及语法知识点。从基础词汇的音形义解析出发，明确短语搭配规则和核心考点，进而延伸拓展词汇及中考链接，形成从基础到应用的递进学习支架。 知识链路按“词汇-短语-考点-应用”逻辑清晰呈现，每个知识点含核心考点、短语搭配、经典例句及中考链接。通过对比辨析（如“historic”与“historical”）培养思维品质，结合生活场景例句提升语言能力，中考链接强化学习能力，体现“学用结合”的学科特色。

Unit1 Past and present 1. underground /' nd ra nd/ n. 地铁 核心考点 两种固定表达的区别——“by underground”(介词短语,表出行方式,不加定冠词the)和“take the underground”(动词短语,作谓语,必须加the)。 短语搭配 by underground(乘坐地铁) 例句:I usually go to school by underground because it’s punctual.(我通常坐地铁上学,因为它很准时。) take the underground(乘坐地铁) 例句:My parents take the underground to work every weekday.(我父母每个工作日坐地铁上班。) 拓展词汇 underground adj. 地下的(如an underground parking lot 地下停车场) 经典例句 It’s easy to take the underground to the city center.(坐地铁去市中心很方便。) Is there an underground station near our community?(我们小区附近有地铁站吗?) 2. speed /spi:d/ n. 速度 核心考点 “at + 速度”固定搭配,如at a high/low speed(高速/低速)、at the speed of...(以……的速度);注意其动词形式为不规则变化,过去式/过去分词均为sped。 短语搭配 at a high speed(高速) 例句:The train passed through the tunnel at a high speed.(火车高速穿过隧道。) at the speed of...(以……的速度) 例句:The plane flies at the speed of 900 kilometers per hour.(飞机以每小时900公里的速度飞行。) keep within the speed limit(遵守限速) 例句:Drivers must keep within the speed limit in school zones.(司机在校区必须遵守限速规定。) 拓展词汇 speed v. 加速(sped/sped);speedy adj. 快速的 经典例句 You should reduce your speed when driving on rainy days.(下雨天开车要减速。) The speed of the high-speed train surprises many foreigners.(高铁的速度让很多外国人感到惊讶。) 3. high-speed train /ha spi:d tre n/ n. 高速列车 核心考点 “high-speed”是“形容词+名词”构成的复合形容词,中间必须加连字符,只能修饰名词(如train);无连字符的“high speed”是名词短语,不可直接修饰名词。 短语搭配 take a high-speed train(乘坐高速列车) 例句:We will take a high-speed train to visit our grandparents in Beijing.(我们要坐高铁去北京看望爷爷奶奶。) by high-speed train(乘坐高速列车) 例句:Traveling by high-speed train is more comfortable than by bus.(坐高铁旅行比坐公交舒服。) 拓展词汇 high-speed adj. 高速的 经典例句 The high-speed train has made travel between cities much faster.(高铁让城市间的旅行快多了。) My uncle often takes the high-speed train to different cities for work.(我叔叔经常坐高铁去不同的城市出差。) 4. used to /ju zd tu / 短语 曾经 核心考点 “used to do sth”(过去常做某事,现在不做);否定式为“didn’t use to do sth”。 短语搭配 used to do sth(过去常做某事) 例句:There used to be a small river behind our school, but now it’s a park.(我们学校后面曾经有一条小河,现在变成公园了。) didn’t use to do sth(过去不常做某事) 例句:He didn’t use to like reading, but now he reads every night.(他以前不喜欢读书,现在每天晚上都读。) 拓展词汇 use v. 使用;useful adj. 有用的;usual adj. 通常的;unusual adj. 不寻常的 经典例句 I used to walk to school, but now I take the underground.(我以前走路去上学,现在坐地铁。) My mom didn’t use to cook spicy food, but now she’s good at it.(我妈妈以前不做辣菜,现在很擅长。) 5. crowded /'kra d d/ adj. 拥挤的 核心考点 “be crowded with”(挤满……),注意介词用with。 短语搭配 be crowded with(挤满……) 例句:The shopping mall is always crowded with people on weekends.(周末商场里总是挤满了人。) 拓展词汇 crowd v. 拥挤;挤满;n. 人群;crowd into 挤进;uncrowded adj. 不拥挤的 中考链接 经典例句 The underground is crowded with commuters during rush hour.(早高峰时地铁里挤满了通勤的人。) We chose to travel in autumn because scenic spots are not crowded then.(我们选择秋天旅行,因为那时景点不拥挤。) 6. convenient /k n'vi:ni nt/ adj. 方便的 核心考点 主语不能是人,必须用it作形式主语,固定句型“it is convenient for sb to do sth”(对某人来说做某事方便);其名词形式“convenience”。 短语搭配 it is convenient for sb to do sth(对某人来说做某事方便) 例句:It’s convenient for me to buy daily things near my home.(我家附近买日用品很方便。) 拓展词汇 convenience n. 方便;inconvenient adj. 不方便的;conveniently adv. 方便地 经典例句 Online shopping makes our life more convenient.(网购让我们的生活更方便了。) Is it convenient for you to help me take the package tomorrow?(你明天方便帮我取一下快递吗?) 7. innovation / n 've n/ n. 创新 短语搭配 technological innovation(科技创新) 例句:Technological innovation has changed the way we study.(科技创新改变了我们的学习方式。) promote innovation(推动创新) 例句:Schools should encourage students to promote innovation.(学校应该鼓励学生推动创新。) 拓展词汇 innovate v. 创新;革新;innovative adj. 创新的;innovator n. 创新者 经典例句 Many companies pay much attention to innovation to stay competitive.(很多公司非常重视创新以保持竞争力。) The teacher praised her for her innovation in the science project.(老师表扬了她在科学项目中的创新。) 8. southern /'s n/ adj. 南部的,南方的 短语搭配 the southern part of...(……的南部) 例句:My grandparents live in the southern part of Jiangsu Province.(我的祖父母住在江苏省南部。) 拓展词汇 south n. 南方;adv. 向南;southernmost adj. 最南部的 经典例句 The southern part of China has a warm climate in winter.(中国南方冬天气候温暖。) We plan to visit the southern cities during the winter holiday.(我们打算寒假去南方城市游玩。) 9. high-tech /ha 'tek/ adj. 高技术的,高科技的 核心考点 “high-tech”是“形容词+名词”构成的复合形容词,中间加连字符,只能修饰名词(如products、industry);无连字符的“high tech”是名词短语,不可直接修饰名词;其全称“high technology”(高科技)。 短语搭配 high-tech products(高科技产品) 例句:My father bought a high-tech camera for my birthday.(爸爸给我买了一台高科技相机作为生日礼物。) 拓展词汇 high tech n. 高科技;technology n. 技术;technological adj. 技术的 经典例句 Many high-tech products are on show in the science museum.(科技馆里展出了很多高科技产品。) 10. pioneer / pa 'n (r)/ n. 先锋,先驱 核心考点 “a pioneer in...”(在……领域的先锋),介词用in;注意区分名词“pioneer”与形容词“pioneering”(开拓性的)的用法,避免词性混淆。 短语搭配 a pioneer in...(在……领域的先锋) 例句:Yuan Longping is a great pioneer in hybrid rice research.(袁隆平是杂交水稻研究领域的伟大先锋。) 拓展词汇 pioneering adj. 开拓性的;pioneer v. 开拓;倡导 经典例句 Many pioneers devoted their lives to scientific research.(很多先驱者为科学研究献出了生命。) 11. reform /r 'f :m/ n. 改革 短语搭配 economic reform(经济改革) 例句:The economic reform has brought great changes to our country.(经济改革给我们国家带来了巨大变化。) educational reform(教育改革) 例句:The educational reform focuses on students’ all-round development.(教育改革注重学生的全面发展。) 拓展词汇 reform v. 改革;改进 经典例句 The reform of the tax system has benefited many small businesses.(税收制度改革让很多小企业受益。) We should support the reform that is good for people’s life.(我们应该支持有利于民生的改革。) 12. very /'veri/ adj. 最……的,十足的 短语搭配 the very + 名词(最……的;正是那个) 例句:This is the very book I’ve been looking for.(这正是我一直在找的那本书。) the very end(最后时刻) 例句:He finished the task at the very end of the day.(他在一天的最后时刻完成了任务。) 拓展词汇 very adv. 非常 经典例句 She arrived at the very moment we needed her.(她在我们最需要她的时刻到了。) That’s the very reason why I refused his invitation.(这正是我拒绝他邀请的原因。) 13. at the heart of / t h t v/ 短语 在……的核心 短语搭配 at the heart of + 地点/事物(在……的核心) 例句:The square is at the heart of the city.(这个广场在城市的核心位置。) at the heart of the problem(问题的核心) 例句:We need to find the solution at the heart of the problem.(我们需要找到问题核心的解决方案。) 经典例句 A park lies at the heart of our community.(我们小区的核心位置有一个公园。) Honesty is at the heart of a good relationship.(诚实是良好关系的核心。) 14. technology /tek'n l d i/ n. (= tech)技术 核心考点 泛指“技术”时不可数,无复数;特指“多种技术”时可加s,即technologies;常与“advanced”(先进的)、“modern”(现代的)等形容词搭配。 短语搭配 advanced technology(先进技术) 例句:The factory uses advanced technology to improve production efficiency.(这家工厂采用先进技术提高生产效率。) 拓展词汇 tech n. 技术(缩写);technological adj. 技术的;technologist n. 技术专家 经典例句 We should learn to use new technology to help our study.(我们应该学会用新技术帮助学习。) The development of medical technology has saved many lives.(医疗技术的发展拯救了很多生命。) 15. industry /' nd stri/ n. 行业;工业 短语搭配 IT industry(IT行业) 例句:Many young people want to work in the IT industry.(很多年轻人想在IT行业工作。) heavy industry(重工业) 例句:The city is famous for its heavy industry.(这座城市以重工业闻名。) 拓展词汇 industrial adj. 工业的;industrial area 工业区 经典例句 The tourism industry is very important for this coastal city.(旅游业对这座沿海城市很重要。) The government is trying to develop light industry to protect the environment.(政府正努力发展轻工业以保护环境。) 16. giant /'d a nt/ n. 大公司;巨人,庞然大物 短语搭配 tech giant(科技巨头) 例句:Many tech giants are investing in AI research.(很多科技巨头正在投资人工智能研究。) a giant in the industry(行业巨头) 例句:This company has become a giant in the automobile industry.(这家公司已成为汽车行业的巨头。) 拓展词汇 giant adj. 巨大的;giant panda 大熊猫 经典例句 The tech giant launched a new smartphone last month.(这家科技巨头上个月推出了一款新智能手机。) The elephant is a giant in the animal world.(大象是动物世界里的庞然大物。) 17. lead /li:d/ vt.&vi. 引领;领导 / n. 领先地位;负责人 核心考点 过去式/过去分词均为led,不规则变化。 短语搭配 lead sb to do sth(带领某人做某事) 例句:The guide led us to visit the ancient temple.(导游带领我们参观了这座古寺。) take the lead(领先) 例句:Our team took the lead in the first half of the game.(我们队在比赛上半场领先。) in the lead(处于领先地位) 例句:He is in the lead in the math competition.(他在数学竞赛中处于领先地位。) 拓展词汇 leader n. 领导者;leadership n. 领导力 经典例句 We should try our best to take the lead in our study.(我们应该努力在学习上领先。) 18. move /mu:v/ n. 改变,转变,动摇 短语搭配 make a move(采取行动) 例句:We need to make a move before it’s too late.(我们需要尽快采取行动,否则就晚了。) a move to do sth(采取……的行动/转变) 例句:The company made a move to develop new products.(这家公司采取了开发新产品的转变。) 拓展词汇 move v. 移动;感动;movement n. 运动;活动 经典例句 His move to study abroad surprised all his friends.(他出国留学的决定让所有朋友都很惊讶。) It’s a wise move to save money for the future.(为未来存钱是个明智的举动。) 19. wealth /wel / n. 大量,丰富;财富 短语搭配 a wealth of(大量的,丰富的) 例句:He has a wealth of experience in teaching.(他有丰富的教学经验。) accumulate wealth(积累财富) 例句:Hard work helps people accumulate wealth.(努力工作帮助人们积累财富。) 拓展词汇 wealthy adj. 富有的;wealthily adv. 富有地 经典例句 Traveling can bring us a wealth of knowledge.(旅行能给我们带来丰富的知识。) Health is more important than wealth.(健康比财富更重要。) 20. a wealth of / wel v/ 短语 大量的,丰富的 核心考点 后接可数名词复数(如books、ideas)或不可数名词(如knowledge、experience);注意与“a lot of”“lots of”的区别,“a wealth of”更具书面语色彩,适合写作使用。 经典例句 The Internet provides a wealth of information for students.(互联网为学生提供了大量信息。) Our school has a wealth of after-school activities.(我们学校有丰富的课外活动。) 21. excellent /'eks l nt/ adj. 优秀的,杰出的,极好的 核心考点 常修饰名词(如student、work、idea);程度极强,相当于“very good”,不可用very修饰(易错写为very excellent)。 短语搭配 excellent + 名词(优秀的……;极好的……) 例句:She is an excellent student in our class.(她是我们班的优秀学生。) do an excellent job(做得极好) 例句:He did an excellent job in the English speech contest.(他在英语演讲比赛中表现极好。) 拓展词汇 excellently adv. 优秀地;excellence n. 优秀;杰出 经典例句 The movie we watched yesterday is excellent.(我们昨天看的电影非常精彩。) Our teacher gave us an excellent suggestion on English learning.(我们老师给了我们一个关于英语学习的极好建议。) 22. educational / ed u'ke nl/ adj. 教育的,有关教育的 核心考点 动词educate 名词education 形容词educational。 短语搭配 educational program(教育节目) 例句:We often watch educational programs on TV to learn new knowledge.(我们经常看电视上的教育节目学习新知识。) educational trip(研学旅行) 例句:The school organized an educational trip to the science museum.(学校组织了一次去科技馆的研学旅行。) 拓展词汇 educate v. 教育;培养;education n. 教育;educator n. 教育工作者 经典例句 Reading educational books can help us broaden our horizons.(读教育类书籍能帮助我们开阔视野。) Parents should provide their children with an educational environment.(父母应该给孩子提供一个有教育意义的环境。) 23. award / 'w :d/ n. 奖,奖项 核心考点 常考与win、receive、get等动词的搭配;注意与prize的辨析(award侧重“官方/正式奖项”,prize侧重“比赛奖品”)。 短语搭配 win an award(获奖) 例句:She won an award for her excellent performance in the singing competition.(她因在歌唱比赛中的出色表现获奖。) receive an award(领取奖项) 例句:The scientist will receive an award at the ceremony tomorrow.(这位科学家将在明天的仪式上领取奖项。) 拓展词汇 award v. 授予;奖励(常见搭配:award sb sth = award sth to sb) 经典例句 His dream is to win an award in the national math competition.(他的梦想是在全国数学竞赛中获奖。) The best actor award went to a young star this year.(今年的最佳男演员奖颁给了一位年轻明星。) 24. public /'p bl k/ adj. 公共的;公众的 / n. 民众 短语搭配 public place(公共场所) 例句:We should keep quiet in public places like libraries.(我们应该在图书馆等公共场所保持安静。) in public(公开地;在公众面前) 例句:She is afraid to speak in public because she’s shy.(她因为害羞,害怕在公众面前说话。) the public(民众;公众) 例句:The public are concerned about the environmental problem.(民众很关心这个环境问题。) 拓展词汇 publicly adv. 公开地;publication n. 出版;发行 经典例句 Public transport in our city is very convenient for students.(我们城市的公共交通对学生来说很方便。) The government should listen to the voices of the public.(政府应该倾听民众的声音。) 25. citizen /'s t zn/ n. 居民,市民;公民 核心考点 citizen侧重“法律意义上的公民”,resident侧重“居住在某地的居民”。 短语搭配 local citizen(当地市民) 例句:Local citizens are proud of their city’s rapid development.(当地市民为自己城市的快速发展感到骄傲。) responsible citizen(负责任的公民) 例句:Every student should learn to be a responsible citizen.(每个学生都应该学会做一个负责任的公民。) 拓展词汇 citizenship n. 公民身份 经典例句 As a citizen of China, we should love our country.(作为中国公民,我们应该热爱祖国。) The city provides many convenient services for its citizens.(这座城市为市民提供了很多便捷服务。) 26. greenway /'gri:nwe / n. 林荫道 短语搭配 walk along the greenway(沿林荫道散步) 例句:My grandma likes to walk along the greenway with her dog every morning.(我奶奶每天早上喜欢带着狗沿林荫道散步。) take a walk on the greenway(在林荫道上散步) 例句:We often take a walk on the greenway after dinner.(我们经常晚饭后在林荫道上散步。) 拓展词汇 green adj. 绿色的;way n. 道路;路线 经典例句 Our neighborhood built a new greenway last year, and kids love playing there.(我们小区去年建了一条新林荫道,孩子们都喜欢在那儿玩。) The greenway is lined with trees, so it’s cool in summer.(林荫道两旁种满了树,夏天很凉快。) 27. electric / 'lektr k/ adj. 电动的 核心考点 electric侧重“直接用电工作的实物”(如电器、交通工具),常修饰bike、car、fan等名词; electronic侧重“电子信号处理的设备/系统”(如词典、屏幕);。 短语搭配 electric bike(电动车) 例句:My dad rides an electric bike to work every day—it’s eco-friendly.(我爸爸每天骑电动车上班,很环保。) electric fan(电风扇) 例句:We use an electric fan to cool down in summer when the air conditioner is off.(空调关掉时,我们用风扇降温。) 拓展词汇 electronic adj. 电子的;electricity n. 电;electrician n. 电工 经典例句 The new electric car can run 500 kilometers on a single charge.(这款新电动车一次充电能跑500公里。) We need to save electric power when using electric devices.(使用电器时我们要节约用电。) 28. planner /'pl n (r)/ n. 设计者,规划者 核心考点 由动词plan加-er构成(表“动作执行者”)。 短语搭配 city planner(城市规划者) 例句:City planners designed more parks to make our city more beautiful.(城市规划者设计了更多公园,让我们的城市更漂亮。) event planner(活动策划者) 例句:The event planner arranged a wonderful birthday party for my sister.(活动策划者为我姐姐安排了一场精彩的生日派对。) 拓展词汇 plan v./n. 计划;planning n. 规划;同类后缀-er单词:teacher(教师)、writer(作家) 经典例句 A good planner can make everything go smoothly.(一个好的规划者能让一切顺利进行。) My aunt works as an event planner and often travels for work.(我姑姑是一名活动策划者,经常出差。) 29. since /s ns/ prep.&conj. 自……以来 核心考点 后接“过去时间点”(如2020、last year)或“一般过去时从句”,主句必须用现在完成时。 短语搭配 since + 过去时间点 例句:I have lived in Nanjing since 2018.(自从2018年我就住在南京了。) since + 一般过去时从句 例句:He has been interested in drawing since he was in Grade 4.(自从四年级起,他就对画画感兴趣了。) 经典例句 My parents have worked in this company since they graduated from college.(我父母从大学毕业起就在这家公司工作了。) I haven’t seen my cousin since last Spring Festival.(自从去年春节后,我就没见过我表弟了。) 30. development /d 'vel pm nt/ n. 发展,成长 核心考点 由动词develop加后缀-ment构成;常搭配“the development of + 名词”(如technology、economy);不可数名词,表“具体的发展成果”时可加s(developments)。 短语搭配 the development of technology(技术的发展) 例句:The development of 5G technology has changed our life a lot.(5G技术的发展极大地改变了我们的生活。) economic development(经济发展) 例句:The city’s economic development has brought more job opportunities.(这座城市的经济发展带来了更多就业机会。) 拓展词汇 develop v. 发展;培养;developed adj. 发达的;developing adj. 发展中的 经典例句 The development of education helps more children go to school.(教育的发展让更多孩子能上学。) We are proud of the rapid development of our hometown.(我们为家乡的快速发展感到骄傲。) 31. pioneering / pa 'n r / adj. 开拓性的 短语搭配 pioneering work(开拓性工作) 例句:The scientist’s pioneering work helped people understand space better.(这位科学家的开拓性工作帮助人们更好地了解太空。) pioneering spirit(开拓精神) 例句:We should learn the pioneering spirit of those who dare to try new things.(我们应该学习那些敢于尝试新事物的人的开拓精神。) 拓展词汇 pioneer n. 先锋;先驱;v. 开拓;倡导 经典例句 His pioneering research on renewable energy won him many awards.(他在可再生能源方面的开拓性研究为他赢得了很多奖项。) The company is known for its pioneering technology in the field of AI.(这家公司以其在人工智能领域的开拓性技术而闻名。) 32. creativity / kri:e 't v ti/ n. 创造力 核心考点 由形容词creative去e加后缀-ity构成;常搭配develop、show、encourage等动词。 短语搭配 develop creativity(培养创造力) 例句:Drawing and painting can help children develop their creativity.(画画能帮助孩子培养创造力。) show creativity(展现创造力) 例句:The student showed great creativity in his science project.(这个学生在科学项目中展现了极强的创造力。) 拓展词汇 creative adj. 有创造力的;creatively adv. 创造性地 经典例句 Parents should give children more space to express their creativity.(父母应该给孩子更多空间表达创造力。) Creativity is very important for solving difficult problems.(创造力对于解决难题非常重要。) 33. certainly /'s :tnli/ adv. 无疑,肯定 核心考点 语气比sure正式,常用于礼貌回答请求或加强肯定观点;可单独回答问题,也可置于句首/句中强调。 短语搭配 be certain of/about sth(确信某事) 例句:Drawing and painting can help children develop their creativity.(画画能帮助孩子培养创造力。) She is certain of winning the speech contest.(她确信能赢得演讲比赛。) I’m not certain about the exact address of the restaurant.(我不确定这家餐厅的准确地址。) be certain + that 从句(确信某事) They are certain that the plan will work.(= They are certain of the plan’s success.)(他们确信这个计划会奏效。) 拓展词汇 certain adj. 确定的; 经典例句 — Will you come to my birthday party? — Certainly! I won’t miss it.(你会来我的生日派对吗?当然!我不会错过的。) 34. key /ki:/ n. 关键;键,琴键 / adj. 关键的 核心考点 ① 名词用法,“the key to + 名词/动名词”(to是介词,不可接不定式);② 形容词用法,修饰problem、role、factor等名词。 短语搭配 the key to success(成功的关键) 例句:Practice is the key to success in English learning.(练习是英语学习成功的关键。) key problem(关键问题) 例句:We need to solve the key problem first to move forward.(我们需要先解决关键问题才能推进。) 拓展词汇 key adj. 关键的;keyboard n. 键盘 中考链接 Hard work is the key _ passing the exam.(2024 安徽合肥模拟) A. to B. for C. of D. in 答案:A 解析:“the key to doing sth”是固定搭配,to是介词,后接动名词;其他介词均不与key搭配,故选A。 经典例句 Communication is the key to a good relationship with friends.(沟通是与朋友建立良好关系的关键。) The key factor of his success is his perseverance.(他成功的关键因素是他的毅力。) 35. make a living 短语 谋生 短语搭配 make a living by doing sth(通过做某事谋生) 例句:The artist makes a living by selling his paintings.(这位艺术家靠卖画谋生。) make a living as + 职业(以某职业谋生) 例句:Her father makes a living as a doctor.(她爸爸以当医生为生。) 拓展词汇 living n. 生计;生活;live v. 居住;生存 经典例句 Many people in the village make a living by growing fruits.(村里很多人靠种水果谋生。) She wants to make a living as a teacher because she likes kids.(她想当老师谋生,因为她喜欢孩子。) 36. world-famous /w :ld 'fe m s/ adj. 举世闻名的 短语搭配 world-famous + 名词(举世闻名的……) 例句:Mo Yan is a world-famous writer who won the Nobel Prize.(莫言是举世闻名的作家,他获得了诺贝尔奖。) world-famous scenic spot(举世闻名的景点) 例句:The Great Wall is a world-famous scenic spot.(长城是举世闻名的景点。) 拓展词汇 famous adj. 著名的;be famous for(因……闻名);be famous as(作为……闻名) 中考链接 The Eiffel Tower is a _ building in Paris.(2024 江苏连云港模拟) A. world-famous B. world famous C. world-fame D. world fame 答案:A 解析:复合形容词“world-famous”中间加连字符(或空格,教材常用空格形式),修饰名词building;B缺少连字符,C、D是名词形式,故选A。 经典例句 Beethoven is a world-famous composer.(贝多芬是举世闻名的作曲家。) This small town is world-famous for its tea.(这个小镇因茶叶而举世闻名。) 37. transport /'tr nsp :t/ n. 交通运输系统 核心考点 不可数名词,搭配“public transport”(公共交通)、“improve transport”(改善交通);注意与transport动词用法的区分。 短语搭配 public transport(公共交通) 例句:We should take public transport to reduce air pollution.(我们应该乘坐公共交通减少空气污染。) improve transport(改善交通) 例句:The government is trying to improve transport in rural areas.(政府正努力改善农村地区的交通。) 拓展词汇 transport v. 运输;transportation n. 交通(美式英语,与transport同义) 中考链接 Our city has improved _ a lot in recent years, making travel easier.(2025 浙江嘉兴模拟) A. transport B. transports C. transporting D. transported 答案:A 解析:transport作“交通”讲时是不可数名词,无复数形式;B是错误复数,C是动名词,D是过去式/过去分词,故选A。 经典例句 Public transport in our city is fast and convenient.(我们城市的公共交通又快又方便。) The new bridge has greatly improved transport between the two cities.(新桥极大地改善了两座城市之间的交通。) 38. recently /'ri:sntli/ adv. 最近 核心考点 现在完成时标志词,常位于助动词have/has之后、实义动词之前;不可与一般过去时连用(易错点)。 例句 My family has recently moved to a new apartment.(我们家最近搬到了新公寓。) He has recently started learning to play the guitar.(他最近开始学弹吉他。) 拓展词汇 recent adj. 近来的;recent changes(近期变化) 经典例句 I haven’t heard from my pen pal recently.(我最近没收到笔友的来信。) Recently, our school has organized many after-school activities.(最近,我们学校组织了很多课外活动。) 39. already / :l'redi/ adv. 已经,早已 核心考点 现在完成时标志词,仅用于肯定句;位置在have/has之后、实义动词之前;与yet形成对比(yet用于否定句/疑问句)。 例句 She has already finished her homework, so she can watch TV now.(她已经做完作业了,现在可以看电视。) We have already booked tickets for the movie.(我们已经订好了电影票。) 中考链接 — Have you _ finished your report? — Yes, I finished it an hour ago.(2023 安徽中考) A. already B. yet C. just D. ever 答案:A 解析:问句虽为疑问句,但此处表“惊讶于对方是否已完成”,可用already;B用于否定句/疑问句末尾,C“刚刚”与答句“一小时前”不符,D“曾经”不符合语境,故选A。 经典例句 The train has already left when we arrived at the station.(我们到达车站时,火车已经开走了。) My mom has already prepared dinner for us.(我妈妈已经为我们做好了晚饭。) 40. yet /jet/ adv. 尚(未),还 核心考点 现在完成时标志词,用于否定句(not...yet)和疑问句末尾。 短语搭配 not...yet(尚未;还没) 例句:I haven’t finished reading the novel yet.(我还没读完那本小说。) 疑问句末尾:Has the bus arrived yet?(公交车还没到吗?) 经典例句 They haven’t decided where to go for the holiday yet.(他们还没决定假期去哪儿。) — Have you visited the new museum yet? — Not yet. I’ll go next weekend.(你去过新博物馆了吗?还没,我下周末去。) 41. reporter /r 'p :t (r)/ n. 记者 核心考点 由动词report加-er构成(表“动作执行者”);常搭配news、TV、interview等名词。 短语搭配 news reporter(新闻记者) 例句:She wants to be a news reporter when she grows up.(她长大后想当一名新闻记者。) interview sb as a reporter(以记者身份采访某人) 例句:He interviewed the famous singer as a reporter.(他以记者身份采访了那位著名歌手。) 拓展词汇 report v./n. 报道;报告 42. fall in love with 短语 爱上 核心考点 后接人或事物,不可分开使用。 短语搭配 fall in love with + 人/事物(爱上……) 例句:I fell in love with this small town when I visited it last year.(去年我参观这座小镇时,就爱上了它。) fall in love with doing sth(爱上做某事) 例句:She fell in love with reading after her mom gave her a storybook.(妈妈给她一本故事书后,她就爱上了阅读。) 拓展词汇 love v./n. 爱;喜爱;fall v. 落下;变成(过去式fell) 经典例句 Many people fall in love with classical music because it’s peaceful.(很多人爱上古典音乐,因为它很舒缓。) She fell in love with the cute cat at first sight.(她第一眼就爱上了这只可爱的小猫。) 43. line /la n/ n. (交通)路线;线(条);行列 核心考点 常考含义:“交通路线”(subway line、bus line)和“行列”(a line of、wait in line);可数名词,单复数变化为lines。 短语搭配 subway line(地铁线路) 例句:The new subway line will open next month.(新的地铁线路下个月开通。) in line(排队、列队)搭配结构:stand/wait in line(排队)。 例句:We should wait in line when buying tickets.(买票时我们应该排队。) on line(在线的、联网的;通过网络 / 线上)。搭配结构:be on line(处于在线状态)、get on line(联网)、do sth on line(线上做某事) 例句: My phone isn’t on line, so I can’t check messages.(我的手机没联网,没法看消息。) a line of(一排;一列) 例句:There’s a line of trees in front of our school gate.(我们学校大门前有一排树。) 拓展词汇 line v. 排队;划线; 经典例句 Which bus line should I take to get to the hospital?(我坐哪条公交线路能到医院?) The students stood in a line to welcome the guests.(学生们站成一列欢迎客人。) 44. step /step/ vi. 迈步,踩,踏 / n. 脚步;步骤 核心考点 take steps to do sth(采取措施做某事);动词用法“step on sth”(踩到某物);可数名词,单复数变化为steps。 短语搭配 take steps to do sth(采取措施做某事) 例句:The government is taking steps to protect the environment.(政府正在采取措施保护环境。) step on sth(踩到某物) 例句:Be careful not to step on the grass in the park.(小心别踩到公园的草。) step forward(迈步向前) 例句:A brave boy stepped forward to help the old man.(一个勇敢的男孩迈步向前帮助那位老人。) 拓展词汇 step by step(逐步地);footstep n. 脚步声 经典例句 You can improve your English step by step.(你可以逐步提高英语水平。) She heard footsteps behind her and turned around.(她听到身后有脚步声,转过身来。) 45. wide /wa d/ adj. 宽的,宽阔的 核心考点 wide wider widest(规则变化);常修饰road、river、street等名词。 短语搭配 wide + 名词(宽的……) 例句:The new road is much wider than the old one.(新马路比旧马路宽多了。) a wide river(宽阔的河流) 例句:There is a wide river between the two villages.(两座村庄之间有一条宽阔的河流。) 拓展词汇 widely adv. 广泛地;be widely used(被广泛使用) 中考链接 The river is about 100 meters _. Many ships can pass through it.(2023 山东济南中考) A. wide B. widely C. width D. wider 答案:A 解析:空格处需填形容词作表语,表“宽度”;B是副词,C是名词“宽度”,D是比较级,无对比对象,故选A。 经典例句 The door is wide enough for the wheelchair to pass.(这扇门足够宽,轮椅能通过。) This kind of plant is widely grown in our country.(这种植物在我国广泛种植。) 46. row /r / n. 一排,一列,一行 核心考点 a row of + 名词复数(一排……);可数名词,单复数变化为rows;注意与line的辨析(row侧重“横向一排”,line可指横向或纵向)。 短语搭配 a row of(一排;一列) 例句:There’s a row of houses along the street.(沿街有一排房子。) in a row(连续地) 例句:He won the game three times in a row.(他连续三次赢得比赛。) 拓展词汇 row v. 划船;争吵 中考链接 The students sat in _ rows in the classroom.(2024 江苏无锡模拟) A. a B. an C. / D. the 答案:C 解析:rows是复数形式,此处表泛指“一排排”,不加冠词;A、B修饰单数,D表特指,均不符合语境,故选C。 经典例句 There are five rows of desks in our classroom.(我们教室里有五排课桌。) We planted a row of flowers in front of the house.(我们在房子前面种了一排花。) 47. muddy /'m di/ adj. 泥泞的 核心考点 由名词mud加后缀-dy构成(类似:sun sunny、cloud cloudy);常修饰roads、shoes、ground等名词。 短语搭配 muddy road(泥泞的道路) 例句:We couldn’t go out after the rain because the roads were muddy.(雨后我们没法出门,因为路太泥泞了。) muddy shoes(沾满泥的鞋子) 例句:He took off his muddy shoes before entering the house.(他进屋前脱下了沾满泥的鞋子。) 拓展词汇 mud n. 泥;泥浆;同类后缀-dy单词:windy(有风的)、rainy(下雨的) 48. villager /'v l d (r)/ n. 村民 核心考点 由名词village加后缀-r构成(表“某地居民”);可数名词,单复数变化为villagers。 短语搭配 local villager(当地村民) 例句:Local villagers told us many interesting stories about the mountain.(当地村民给我们讲了很多关于这座山的有趣故事。) help villagers(帮助村民) 例句:We went to the countryside to help villagers pick apples.(我们去乡下帮助村民摘苹果。) 拓展词汇 village n. 村庄;乡村 49. recent /'ri:snt/ adj. 近来的,新近的 短语搭配 recent news(最新消息) 例句:Have you heard the recent news about the new park?(你听说关于新公园的最新消息了吗?) recent changes(近期变化) 例句:There have been many recent changes in our city.(我们城市近期发生了很多变化。) 50. hopeful /'h pfl/ adj. 抱有希望的 核心考点 由名词hope加后缀-ful构成;常考搭配“be hopeful about sth”(对某事抱有希望)或“be hopeful that从句”。 短语搭配 be hopeful about sth(对某事抱有希望) 例句:We are hopeful about the future of our city.(我们对城市的未来抱有希望。) be hopeful that从句(希望……) 例句:She is hopeful that she can pass the English exam.(她希望自己能通过英语考试。) 拓展词汇 hope n./v. 希望;hopeless adj. 无望的;hopefully adv. 有希望地 经典例句 He is hopeful about getting a good grade in the final exam.(他对期末考试取得好成绩抱有希望。) The doctors are hopeful that the patient will recover soon.(医生们希望病人能早日康复。) 51. guest /gest/ n. 旅客,房客;客人 核心考点 可数名词,单复数变化为guests;与visitor的辨析(guest侧重“受邀请的客人/旅馆房客”,visitor侧重“游客/访客”)。 短语搭配 hotel guest(旅馆房客) 例句:The hotel provides good service for its guests.(这家酒店为房客提供优质服务。) dinner guest(晚宴客人) 例句:We have two dinner guests tonight—my parents’ friends.(今晚我们有两位晚宴客人,是我爸妈的朋友。) 52. guest house /gest ha s/ n. 小旅馆 核心考点 与hotel辨析(guest house侧重“小型、家庭式旅馆”,hotel侧重“大型酒店”);可数名词,单复数变化为guest houses。 短语搭配 stay in a guest house(住在小旅馆里) 例句:We stayed in a small guest house during our trip to the mountain.(去山里旅行时,我们住在一家小旅馆里。) a family-run guest house(家庭经营的小旅馆) 例句:They chose a family-run guest house because it’s warm and cheap.(他们选择了一家家庭经营的小旅馆,因为它温馨又便宜。) 53. tourism /'t r z m/ n. 旅游业,观光业 核心考点 不可数名词;develop tourism(发展旅游业)、tourism industry(旅游业)点。 短语搭配 develop tourism(发展旅游业) 例句:The small town developed tourism by building beautiful parks.(这个小镇通过建漂亮的公园发展旅游业。) tourism industry(旅游业) 例句:The tourism industry is very important for coastal cities.(旅游业对沿海城市至关重要。) 拓展词汇 tourist n. 游客;tour v. 旅行;tourist attraction(旅游景点) 54. theme / i:m/ n. 主题 核心考点 可数名词,单复数变化为themes。 短语搭配 the theme of + 名词(……的主题) 例句:What’s the theme of the story we read in class today?(我们今天在课堂上读的故事主题是什么?) 拓展词汇 thematic adj. 主题的;theme park 主题乐园 55. theme park / i:m p :k/ n. 主题乐园 短语搭配 visit a theme park(参观主题乐园) 例句:My family visited a famous theme park during the summer holiday.(暑假期间,我们家参观了一个著名的主题乐园。) go to a theme park(去主题乐园) 例句:The kids are looking forward to going to the new theme park.(孩子们期待着去新的主题乐园。) 拓展词汇 theme n. 主题;park n. 公园;amusement park(游乐园) 56. opinion / 'p nj n/ n. 看法,想法 核心考点 可数名词,单复数变化为opinions。 短语搭配 in one’s opinion(在某人看来) 例句:In my opinion, we should spend more time reading.(在我看来,我们应该花更多时间读书。) give one’s opinion(发表看法) 例句:The teacher asked us to give our opinions on the new school rule.(老师让我们对新校规发表看法。) 拓展词汇 opinionated adj. 固执己见的;view n. 观点(与opinion同义) 经典例句 Different people have different opinions on this problem.(不同的人对这个问题有不同的看法。) I respect my parents’ opinions even if I don’t agree with them.(即使我不同意父母的看法,我也尊重他们。) 57. common /'k m n/ adj. 普遍的;共同的 短语搭配 common sense(常识) 例句:It’s common sense to wash hands before eating.(饭前洗手是常识。) in common(共同的) 例句:My best friend and I have many hobbies in common.(我和我最好的朋友有很多共同爱好。) be common to(对……来说普遍) 例句:This problem is common to all students.(这个问题对所有学生来说都很普遍。) 拓展词汇 commonly adv. 普遍地;commonness n. 普遍性 经典例句 It’s common to see people exercise in the park in the morning.(早上在公园看到人们锻炼很普遍。) The two countries share many cultural traditions in common.(这两个国家有很多共同的文化传统。) Unit2 Amazing China 1. according to / 'k d tu/ prep. 依照,根据 短语搭配 according to the weather report(根据天气预报) 例句:According to the weather report, it will rain tomorrow.(根据天气预报,明天会下雨。) according to one's advice(根据某人的建议) 例句:She made the decision according to her father's advice.(她根据父亲的建议做了决定。) 拓展词汇 accord v. 给予;符合;accord with(符合,与……一致) 2. watercolour /'w t k l (r)/ n. 水彩 核心考点 可数名词,复数形式为watercolours。 短语搭配 watercolour painting(水彩画) 例句:She spent two hours finishing the watercolour painting.(她花了两个小时完成这幅水彩画。) a set of watercolours(一套水彩颜料) 例句:My mother bought me a set of watercolours for my birthday.(妈妈给我买了一套水彩颜料作为生日礼物。) 拓展词汇 watercolourist n. 水彩画家;watercolor n. 水彩(美式拼写) 3. prefer /pr 'f (r)/ vt. 较喜欢 核心考点 prefer...to...中to是介词,后接动名词;prefer to...rather than...中rather than后接动词原形。 短语搭配 prefer sth to sth(比起某物更喜欢某物) 例句:I prefer tea to coffee.(比起咖啡我更喜欢茶。) prefer doing A to doing B(比起做B事更喜欢做A事) 例句:She prefers reading books to watching TV.(比起看电视她更喜欢看书。) prefer to do A rather than do B(宁愿做A事而不愿做B事) 例句:He prefers to walk to school rather than take the bus.(他宁愿步行上学也不愿坐公交。) 拓展词汇 preference n. 偏好;preferable adj. 更可取的 中考链接 My sister prefers _ at home to _ out on weekends.(2024 安徽中考) A. stay; go B. staying; going C. to stay; go D. staying; go 答案:B 解析:prefer doing A to doing B为固定搭配,to是介词,前后均需接动名词形式,故选B。 经典例句 Many students prefer to study in the library because it's quiet.(很多学生更喜欢在图书馆学习,因为那里安静。) My father prefers fish to meat for dinner.(我爸爸晚餐比起肉更喜欢鱼。) 4. ride /ra d/ n. 供乘骑的游乐设施 核心考点 动词过去式/过去分词为rode、ridden(不规则变化,易错点)。 短语搭配 take a ride(体验游乐设施;骑车兜风) 例句:We took a ride on the roller coaster in the theme park.(我们在主题乐园坐了过山车。) have a ride on sth(乘坐某物) 例句:The little boy had a ride on the horse in the zoo.(小男孩在动物园里骑了马。) 拓展词汇 ride v. 骑(车、马等);rider n. 骑手 5. scare /ske (r)/ vt. 使害怕 核心考点 ① 及物动词“scare sb”(使某人害怕);② 形容词形式scared(感到害怕的)、scary(令人害怕的)的辨析(scared修饰人,scary修饰事物)。 短语搭配 scare sb(使某人害怕) 例句:The sudden thunder scared all the children.(突然的雷声吓到了所有孩子。) be scared of sth/doing sth(害怕某物/做某事) 例句:She is scared of snakes and never goes near them.(她害怕蛇,从不靠近它们。) 拓展词汇 scared adj. 感到害怕的;scary adj. 令人害怕的;scare sb away/off(把某人吓跑) 中考链接 The horror movie is so _ that many people feel _ when watching it.(2024 江苏无锡中考) A. scared; scary B. scary; scared C. scary; scary D. scared; scared 答案:B 解析:第一空修饰movie(事物),用scary(令人害怕的);第二空修饰people(人),用scared(感到害怕的),故选B。 经典例句 Don't scare the little dog; it will run away.(别吓唬那只小狗,它会跑掉的。) He is scared of speaking in public because he is shy.(他因为害羞,害怕在公众面前发言。) 6. explore / k'spl (r)/ vt.&vi. 探索;探究 核心考点 及物动词后接地点/事物(如cave、secret);词性转换(explore exploration n. 探索)。 短语搭配 explore a place(探索某地) 例句:We explored the ancient cave with our geography teacher.(我们和地理老师一起探索了那座古洞。) explore ways to do sth(探索做某事的方法) 例句:Scientists are exploring ways to protect endangered animals.(科学家们正在探索保护濒危动物的方法。) 拓展词汇 exploration n. 探索;探险;explorer n. 探险家;探索者 7. rest /rest/ vi. 在于,存放于 核心考点 动词含义:“在于”(rest in sth)和“休息”(rest for+时间);注意与名词用法(休息)的区分,避免词性混淆。 短语搭配 rest in sth(在于某物) 例句:The success of the project rests in our teamwork.(这个项目的成功在于我们的团队合作。) rest for+时间(休息……时间) 例句:We can rest for 10 minutes after the math class.(数学课后我们可以休息10分钟。) 拓展词汇 rest n. 休息;剩余部分;restful adj. 宁静的;令人放松的 经典例句 Happiness often rests in simple things in life.(幸福往往在于生活中的小事。) 8. reach /ri t / n. 河段,直水道 核心考点 名词“河段”,常搭配“a reach of the river”“upper/lower r