精讲册 第二部分 语法专题剖析-【练客中考】2026年安徽新中考英语word（外研版）

该初中英语中考复习讲义系统覆盖名词、动词、形容词和副词等11大语法专题，严格对接中考单项填空、完形填空、单词拼写等核心题型。资料以考情分析为导向，按“考点梳理-方法指导-真题训练-分层练习”架构组织知识点，如名词专题细分词义辨析、数、所有格考向，动词专题拆解时态、语态、非谓语等难点，通过对比表、巧记口诀构建知识网络，助力学生系统突破语法薄弱环节。 亮点在于“语境化考点突破”和“分层精准训练”策略，如动词词义辨析专题结合近10年真题语境，引导学生通过逻辑关系推断答案，培养语言理解与思维品质；单词拼写设计“原形-复数-所有格”考向训练，配合“熟词生义”拓展，提升学生词汇运用能力。资料含200+道中考真题及模拟题，分基础、提升、挑战三级练习，附即时反馈解析，教师可据此实施分层教学，学生能在有限时间内强化考点敏感度与解题技巧，高效提升应考能力。

第二部分 语法专题剖析 专题一　名词 [考查题型：单项填空、完形填空、单词拼写] 名词词义辨析[必考：每年6～8道] 分析安徽近10年中考真题可知，名词词义辨析在单项填空和完形填空中考查，且均为语境辨析。针对语境辨析类试题，考生首先要掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。 名词的数[必考：每年1～3道] 一、可数名词 可数名词分为单数和复数两种形式，表示单一概念时用单数形式，并用a或an修饰；表示两个或两个以上的概念时用复数形式。名词复数形式可分为规则变化和不规则变化。 注意：对可数名词的量提问用how many。 1.可数名词单数变复数的规则变化 类别 构成方法 示例 一般情况 加-s star→stars　 gift→gifts 以字母s，x， sh，ch等结 尾的词 加-es box→boxes　dish→dishes 特例：若词尾ch发音为/k/，则加-s。 以字母f或 fe结尾的词 先变f或fe为v，再加-es thief→thieves knife→knives leaf→leaves 以辅音字母 加-y结尾的词 先变y为i，再加-es baby→babies city→cities family→families 以元音字母 加-y结尾的词 加-s day→days　toy→toys key→keys 以字母o结尾 的词 若表示有生命的加-es tomato→tomatoes hero→heroes potato→potatoes 若表示无生命的加-s photo→photos zoo→zoos 2.可数名词单数变复数的不规则变化 类别及构成方法 示例 改变内部 元音字母 oo→ee foot→feet　tooth→teeth a→e man→men　woman→women 其他 mouse→mice 词尾加-en 或-ren child→children 单复数同形 sheep→sheep “某国人” 变复数 巧记：中日不变英法变，其他-s加后面 单复数 同形 Chinese→Chinese Japanese→Japanese 变a 为e Englishman→Englishmen Frenchman→Frenchmen 词尾 加-s American→Americans German→Germans 【注意】 类别 示例 有些名词表面为复数形式，其实为单数名词 news，physics，the United States 有些名词往往以复数形式出现 chopsticks，clothes，glasses，jeans，pants，scissors，socks 二、不可数名词 不可数名词表示不能计算数量的事物，其前不加a/an，也不能用数词修饰(如one)。 注意：对不可数名词的量提问用how much。 不可数名词的量化 不可数名词的量可以借助piece，cup，kilo等单位量词来表示。 类别 构成方法 示例 具体的量 数词/不定冠词(a/an)＋量词＋of＋不可数名词 a piece of paper three cups of tea 大概的量 表示量的限定词(用some，a little，a lot of/lots of等表示)＋不可数名词 some water a lot of money 【拓展】 (1)不可数名词在量化时，量词的数要根据其前的修饰语来确定。 (2)量化后的不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of前面的量词的数。 三、可数名词与不可数名词的修饰语 类别 修饰语 只修饰可数名词的修饰语 another，both，each，either，neither，these，few，a few，several，many，too many，a couple of，a (great/large) number of，数词(除one之外的基数词) 只修饰不可数名词的修饰语 little，a little，much，too much，a good/great deal of，a bit of，a large amount of 既可修饰可数名词，又可修饰不可数名词 some，all，most，a lot of/lots of，plenty of，the rest of，enough，any，half 【拓展】既可作可数名词又可作不可数名词的词 名词 可数 不可数 名词 可数 不可数 chicken 小鸡 鸡肉 paper 试卷； 论文 纸 experience 经历 经验 room 房间 空间 glass 玻璃杯 玻璃 work 作品 工作 orange 橙子 橙汁 time 次；倍 时间 名词所有格[近10年未考] 　　名词所有格表示所属关系。一般有’s所有格、of所有格和双重所有格三种形式，具体构成及用法如下： 1.’s所有格 类别 构成方法 示例 有生命的名词 以s结尾的加-’ the students’ books 不以s结尾的加-’s Jim’s book children’s toys 表示几个人共同拥有 在最后一个名词后加-’s Tom and Jim’s room 表示每个人各自拥有 在每个名词后加-’s Tom’s and Jim’s rooms 【拓展】 　　表示时间、距离、国家、城市等无生命的事物的名词，也可加“’s”。如： five minutes’ bus ride　　China’s capital 2.of所有格 (1)一般表示无生命的名词的所属关系。如： the sound of running water (2)of所有格有时也可以用于表示人或有生命的物体的所属关系，特别是当这些所有者有较长的定语时。如： the name of the brave young man 3.双重所有格 在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词时，常用双重所有格，有两种形式： (1)名词＋of＋’s所有格。如：a friend of Tom’s (2)名词＋of＋名词性物主代词。如： a friend of mine＝one of my friends Ⅰ.单项填空 1.—Annie，do you think you’ll win the tennis match？ —Well，I don’t care too much about the 　　　　.I’ll try my best and have fun. A.time　　B.rule　　C.result　　D.speed 2.—I want to learn more about AI.It’s everywhere these days！ —That’s true！ Having some 　　　　of it will help you understand how it’s changing the world. A.experience B.magic C.knowledge D.influence 3.—According to the book The Brain Science of Exam，your brain is more active when you are hungry. —Interesting！ So in order to remember things better，we can study before 　　　　. A.meals B.exams C.sleep D.exercise 4.—I only got a small role in the school play. —Don’t worry！ Every role has its own shining 　　　　in this play. A.moment B.order C.truth D.message 5.—I’m going to sell all your old books.They’re taking up too much space. —No way！ They’re 　　　　.You sell them，and you take my life！ A.treasures B.chances C.challenges D.decisions 6.—Emma，why do you like cooking at home so much？ —Well，as for me，the 　　　　of cooking doesn’t lie in filling the stomach，but in feeling the warmth of home. A.symbol B.attention C.meaning D.reason Ⅱ.完形填空微语篇 Hello，I’m Zoe.When I was a kid，my 　7　 taught me about gardening.We planted carrots，strawberries，and roses in her backyard，and it was so much fun！ Over the years，gardening has brought our family closer and created many sweet 　8　. 　9　 gardening is interesting，it’s full of challenges.Some mistakes，like overwatering the plants，not giving them enough sunlight，or forgetting to take care of the soil，can make me feel sad.However，I learn from 　10　，read books and ask my grandma for help.Day by day，I have done well in gardening.Gardening is more than just a 　11　 for me.It provides me with fresh food.The tomatoes taste better than those from the 　12　.When I’m in the garden，I forget about everything else.Gardening brings me peace and joy when I 　13　 plants，feel the soil，and watch them grow.It also provides me with a real way to protect the environment.We collect rain to save water，see bees visit our flowers，and improve the health of soil.And gardening is like 　14　 with nature.I can design my garden and make it a beautiful picture.Every time I work in the garden，I feel like an artist！ (　　)7.A.grandma　　　　　　B.grandpa C.sister D.brother (　　)8.A.choices B.dreams C.memories D.plans (　　)9.A.So B.Because C.Though D.When (　　)10.A.difficulties B.problems C.lessons D.mistakes (　　)11.A.goal B.hobby C.homework D.game (　　)12.A.school B.field C.farm D.market (　　)13.A.look for B.give away C.care for D.learn about (　　)14.A.dancing B.singing C.painting D.living 　　 名词填空——针对单词拼写 [必考：每年1～3道] 确定空格处填名词的方法： 1.结合题干中所给的汉语提示词和首字母判断。如2025年第76题，汉语提示词为“孩子”，考生可直接确定空格处填名词。 2.根据语境判断。安徽中考会涉及多词性词汇的考查，如2024年第79题，汉语提示词为“品尝”，这类词仅通过汉语提示词无法判断是否填名词，还需要通过语境和句子结构进行判断。 ▶考向1　填原形[10年16考] 适用情况 示例 a/an/one(＋形容词)＋可数名词单数(10年7考) an excuse　one book a good habit 指示代词(this/that)＋可数名词单数 this room every/each＋可数名词单数(2024.78) every term 名词单复数同形 sheep　Chinese 本身为不可数名词(10年4考) information　courage 用于固定短语或固定搭配中(2023.77) by chance to one’s surprise 根据语境判断(10年3考) The patient’s heart stopped beating for a few seconds. ▶考向2　填复数[10年4考] 适用情况 示例 some/many/several/those/these/few/a few/both/all/other/a pair of/all kinds of/a lot of/…＋可数名词复数 several ideas some suggestions a pair of new shoes all kinds of reasons 基数词(大于1)/概数词＋可数名词复数(2019.93) ten boxes thousands of days one of(＋形容词性物主代词/形容词原级或最高级)＋可数名词复数 one of the most important manners 谓语动词是复数(2020.76) Tigers are dangerous. 根据语境判断(10年2考) My parents tell me not to speak to strangers. 根据生活常识判断 Wash your hands before meals. 固定短语或固定搭配 take notes ▶考向3　填名词所有格 适用情况 示例 (数词＋)名词所有格＋名词 two months’ summer holiday 固定搭配或专有名词 at the doctor’s 　 针对训练 1.Dumplings are known as a s　　　(标志) of Chinese culture. 2.Make sure you don’t miss any important p　　　(点) while taking notes in the meeting. 3.The water is so clear that we can see the b　　　(底部) of the river. 4.Our health will be in danger if we don’t pay attention to food s　　　(安全). 5.The sound of the rain brought back many t　　　(思绪) from his childhood. 6.We can learn about the h　　　(历史) of inventions to understand their development. 7.In the digital a　　　(时代)，paper money seems to be disappearing in people’s lives. 8.During the festival，people hang colourful l　　　(灯笼) on the streets. 9.It takes time to build t　　　(信任)，but it can be broken in just a moment. 10.S　　　(食盐) is important to our body，but we can’t take in much during a day. 11.Pets can be our good f　　　(朋友) and share our joys and sadness. 12.You should learn to relax yourselves from p　　　(压力) at any time. 13.When we see green，we usually feel relaxed and are full of e　　　(活力). 14.I think one of the s　　　(秘诀) to learning well is to know how to ask questions. 15.When the plant reaches its full h　　　(高度)，flowers grow out and then into fruits. 16.We should know more about m　　　(礼仪) so that we can behave well in public. 17.My friends sent me many short m　　　(信息) with best wishes for my birthday. 18.Linda gave me a lot of useful a　　　(建议) on how to improve my reading speed. 19.Too much hot sunshine will make the s　　　(土壤) dry and harm the plants. 20.Students shouldn’t bring k　　　(刀) to school because it’s dangerous. 21.Beijing Opera is a traditional Chinese art f　　　(形式) which is famous all over the world. 22.For a balanced meal，c　　　(玉米) is a great choice because it provides energy. 23.Hobbies can help you develop your i　　　(兴趣) and learn new skills. 24.I wrote a letter to my pen friend and I’m looking forward to her r　　　(回复). 25.Reading good n　　　(小说) can help you experience different lives. 26.It’s a p　　　(乐事) for me to share my everyday life with my family. 27.Planting trees can help to prevent f　　　(洪水) as trees can hold soil and water. 28.Honesty is a very important q　　　(品质) that can help people build trust. 29.People in China like visiting r　　　(亲戚) and friends during the Spring Festival. 30.Kids are putting on w　　　(重量) because of changes in their diet and lifestyle. 31.Please take a deep b　　　(呼吸) and count from one to ten before you want to get angry. 32.Researchers can study pandas and record the c　　　(变化) in their numbers there. 33.Students can get close to n　　　(自然) by taking part in different kinds of outdoor activities. 34.Some people will never realise the v　　　(价值) of time until it’s gone. 35.AI offers us s　　　(支持) and advice，but we shouldn’t lose the ability to think on our own. 36.It is natural for us to make m　　　(错误)，but we must try to learn from them. 37.It is necessary to ask your parents for some advice before you make a final d　　　(决定). 38.Holiday is a good chance for students to get a t　　　(体验) of the country life. 39.Camping gives you a good c　　　(机会) to take a break from your busy life. 40.Han Mei has a natural t　　　(天赋) for singing and we all like her voice. 41.She created a song in p　　　(赞美) of her mother’s love and hard work for the family. 42.I worked with the children to turn the old songs into new p　　　(作品) with modern instruments. 43.Everyone has their own strengths and can shine brightly on the school’s s　　　(舞台). 44.Be active to our life，because v　　　(胜利) won’t come to us easily. 45.The Great Wall is a fantastic achievement because ancient people built it with simple t　　　(工具). 专题二　动词 [考查题型：单项填空、完形填空、单词拼写] 第1讲　动词和动词短语 [必考：每年5～14道] 动词的五种基本形式 基本形式 变化规则 示例 动词原形 未经过任何变形，即词典中一般给出的形式 do，learn，run，play 第三人称 单数 一般在动词词尾直接加-s run→runs，think→thinks 以s，sh，ch，x或o结尾的动词末尾加-es pass→passes，wash→washes， teach→teaches，mix→mixes，go→goes 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先将y变成i再加-es study→studies，carry→carries 不规则变化 be→is，have→has 过去式和 过去分词 (规则变化) 一般在动词词尾直接加-ed work→worked，play→played 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加-d invite→invited，promise→promised 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的动词，先将y变为i，再加-ed carry→carried，study→studied 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后加-ed stop→stopped，plan→planned 动词-ing 形式 一般在动词词尾直接加-ing read→reading，cook→cooking 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，先去掉e，再加-ing live→living，write→writing 以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写该辅音字母后加-ing sit→sitting，begin→beginning 少数几个以ie结尾的动词要先变ie为y，再加-ing(初中阶段共3个) die→dying，lie→lying，tie→tying 注意：动词的过去式、过去分词的不规则变化形式详见《课标词汇记背》P74“附录二 不规则动词表” 动词的分类及词义辨析 [必考：每年4～10道] 1.实义动词 实义动词指具有完整的意义，可以单独作谓语的动词，主要表示主语发出的动作或所处的状态。按能否直接接宾语，分为及物动词和不及物动词。 类别 用法 例句 及物动词 动词＋宾语 I love English. 动词＋宾语＋宾补 We call her Mary. 动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 May I ask you some questions？ 不及物动词 本身意思完整，无需接宾语 A traffic accident happened. 需加适当介词，后接宾语 The baby is smiling at us sweetly. 2.助动词 助动词本身没有意义或意义不完整，不能单独作谓语，只能和主要动词一起构成谓语，表示否定、疑问、时态或其他语法形式，有人称、数和时态的变化。 类别 句法功能 例句 be(am/is/are)/ (was/were) 构成进行时 Jimmy is playing basketball with his friends. 构成被动语态 A lot of birds are protected in natural parks. do/does/did 构成疑问句和否定句 He didn’t go anywhere last Sunday. 构成否定祈使句 Don’t be noisy！ 在陈述句中，用在谓语动词前加强语气 My father did tell me that. 代替上文出现的动词 I don’t like eating noodles，but my brother does. 用于倒装句 Seldom does he come late. have/has/had 构成完成时 Tom has been a doctor for many years. will/shall/would 构成将来时 I will/shall arrive tomorrow. 3.系动词 系动词本身有一定的词义，但不能单独作谓语，其后必须跟表语构成“系表结构”，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。 类别 示例 例句 “状态”类 系动词 be My father is a teacher. “持续”类 系动词 keep，stay， remain We should eat vegetables to keep healthy. “变化”类 系动词 get，become， turn，go，grow， fall In spring，trees begin to turn green. “感官”类 系动词 look，feel，sound，taste， smell The new cloth feels smooth and soft. “表象”类 系动词 seem，appear You seem unhappy all day. 4.情态动词 词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后接动词原形一起构成谓语，大多无人称和数的变化。常见的情态动词有：can/could，may/might，will/would，must，need，have to，should等。[详见本专题P105第2讲 情态动词] 5.实义动词词义辨析[必考：每年4～10道] 实义动词词义辨析主要是通过上下文考查其在语境中的辨析。 解答语境辨析类试题时，首先要确定每个动词的含义，然后分析语境，找出关键词或前后存在的逻辑关系，确定答案。因此考生在平时的学习过程中，需要重点积累并掌握实义动词的词义及用法。 动词短语[必考：每年1～3道] 1.同一动词型： 如：come短语，get短语，give短语，go短语，keep短语等。 2.同一介词/副词型： 如：at短语，about短语，away短语，off短语，over短语等。 3.混合型 更多动词短语详见《课标词汇记背》P80“类别一 动词短语”。 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.—In my opinion，　　　　with others can make us upset. —I totally agree.We should pay more attention to our own growth. A.arguing　B.comparing　C.sharing　D.dealing 2.—Ms Li，how can I share my favorite book with my friends？ —You can 　　　　its main idea to them clearly. A.understand B.search C.record D.introduce 3.—Dr.Martins seems to know every plant in the Amazon Rainforest. —Of course.No one can 　　　　him in his knowledge of wild plants. A.shake B.match C.hurt D.raise 4.—I don’t know where to go this summer vacation. —Why not 　　　　visiting Huangshan？ If you go，you can climb mountains and enjoy beautiful sights. A.regard B.consider C.include D.count 5.A good way to 　　　　old school things is to send them to a recycling center. A.break B.keep C.forget D.treat 6.—Chinese try to gather together on important festivals，no matter how far away they are. —Yeah，we highly 　　　　the strong family ties. A.master B.value C.suppose D.follow 7.—Although she was feeling down，she 　　　　a weak smile. —She was always caring about others’ feelings. A.noticed B.received C.managed D.suggested 8.—Dad，I want to focus on the study of AI in the university. —Oh，my boy.You know I always 　　　　your own choices. A.make B.respect C.order D.refuse 9.—This history project is so big.I don’t know how to make it. —Just 　　　　it and finish one small part each time. A.leave B.change C.divide D.accept 10.—Su Min，why is there always a bat in New Year paintings？ —In Chinese，the word for bat sounds like “fu”，so it 　　　　good luck in China. A.prepares B.realizes C.means D.collects 11.—Why does Emma always answer questions in class？ —She knows the answers，but she isn’t 　　　　.She just wants to learn more. A.showing off B.calling on C.giving up D.taking away 12.—What should we do during the fire practice？ —When the alarm 　　　　，we should run out of the teaching building at once. A.comes after B.goes off C.turns in D.takes on 13.—We should learn to control our screen time. —Totally agree.Never let smartphones 　　　　our lives. A.take over B.get off C.come out D.give in 14.—The new term has started，but I took three days off and missed classes. —Come to the study corner after school！ With some effort，you can 　　　　and keep moving forward. A.catch up B.go after C.turn up D.look after 15.—A balanced diet is very important for losing weight. —That’s right.I always 　　　　high fat food and eat more fruit and vegetables instead. A.keep off B.put away C.come about D.get into 16.Think of one to five goals you’d like to set in each term.Then 　　　　each goal into smaller steps and work your hardest with each step. A.take away B.turn on C.put off D.break down 17.As we　　　　on our new journey，we shouldn’t forget where we come from. A.put out B.set out C.come down D.get in 18.—Why were there so many people in the school hall just now？ —The robotics club 　　　　a science experiment.It’s mind-blowing. A.fixed up B.got on C.came round D.carried out 19.It’s brave of you to 　　　　your fear of heights and reach the mountain top with courage. A.come into B.get over C.focus on D.give back 20.As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain，the visit to the village 　　　　scenes of my childhood. A.called up B.came up C.went away D.kept away 21.—Don’t 　　　　the new word in the dictionary if we meet it in a text.We can guess it. —Sure.It’s a good way to improve our reading skills. A.look up B.turn off C.give away D.cut into 22.—The energy from the sun and the wind costs little and will never 　　　　. —That’s why we have a lot of wind power generation systems. A.come in B.get to C.run out D.go on 23.—Every student is expected to 　　　　a sporting activity for a healthy life. —I couldn’t agree more.Health matters a lot. A.come across B.deal with C.pull together D.take up 24.—Reading is helpful to get knowledge. —We should 　　　　useful ideas from books and stop accepting information without thinking. A.get out B.take in C.look over D.go across 25.—What do you think is important for the players on a team？ —It’s to play together and 　　　　the best in each other. A.go against B.keep on C.bring out D.look through 26.—How was your trip to the countryside yesterday？ —It was fantastic.My friends and I 　　　　a tent at the foot of a green mountain. A.burnt off B.passed on C.put up D.took after 27.—Our teacher asked us to 　　　　a poem about our school. —I think it’s easy for you.You are always good at writing. A.make up B.put into C.take down D.run away 28.—Many teenagers share creative short videos online now. —Yes，digital platforms 　　　　their confidence to express themselves. A.take on B.check out C.go through D.build up 29.—Look！ What an amazing sunrise over there！ —Yeah！ The lines of the mountains 　　　　clearly against the sky. A.turn in B.break into C.show up D.take off 30.—Every year，at least 16 million tons of plastic 　　　　in the sea. —That’s unbelievable.We really need to use less plastic in our daily life. A.die down B.give off C.pass away D.end up 31.—How are you feeling about the coming training？ —I’m very nervous，but I believe I will 　　　　the training and welcome a new self. A.think about B.break out C.set down D.get through 32.—Doctor，my temperature is normal now.Can I go to school？ —Sure.But if you don’t feel well，you can 　　　　me again. A.look down B.turn to C.care for D.set about 33.Learning some basic life skills is helpful because we can not always 　　　　other people. A.depend on B.turn down C.point at D.wake up 34.—I don’t want to 　　　　my old classmates. —You can still communicate with them after going to a new school. A.part with B.clear out C.stand for D.call in 35.—I want to join the school science club，but I’m worried about my study. —You needn’t 　　　　fun activities.Just plan your time well. A.break through B.set off C.look for D.cut out 36.—Sam，how do you like your classmate Jack？ —He is very helpful and he often helps our teachers 　　　　exam papers. A.give out B.throw away C.turn around D.put down 37.—Your brother’s room looks pretty tidy. —Sure.He always 　　　　his things after he uses them. A.keeps out B.puts away C.goes by D.looks down 38.My school decided to 　　　　a reading club to help students develop the habit of reading. A.get on B.go with C.set up D.keep away 39.—Your bag is so heavy.Please 　　　　some unnecessary things. —Sorry.Everything in the bag is important to me. A.look into B.keep up C.take out D.pay off Ⅱ.完形填空 外文素材改编自Kid’s Box Aaron has a special interest in recording weather changes by taking photos.Of all the different weather conditions，he 　40　 snowy days best.So he often takes photos of beautiful snow.Besides，he also 　41　 other natural phenomena(现象) by taking photos.In 2018，he posted some pictures of lightning online and received a lot of praise. However，it isn’t usually 　42　 to take these amazing pictures.Every time，Aaron needs to find a place where the weather might often change.He doesn’t want to 　43　 though it is very difficult to find such a place every time.In order to take good photos，he often puts himself in danger of being 　44　 by strong winds and heavy rain. However，one thing changed his mind.Once when Aaron was taking photos of a thunderstorm，he saw farmers doing farm work 　45　 and watching the storm nervously.He immediately realized he should 　46　 people and their crops(庄稼) rather than terrible weather. The situation seemed to 　47　 him to a better direction.So he decided to do something and hoped it would 　48　 people.Now，Aaron has learned to make short videos.He makes them to tell people about the dangers of those storms and what they should do to 　49　 themselves.For Aaron，what he is doing now is more meaningful. (　　)40.A.likes 　　　　　　B.misses C.knows D.waits (　　)41.A.introduces B.researches C.records D.chooses (　　)42.A.easy B.different C.beautiful D.fresh (　　)43.A.turn out B.show off C.look for D.give up (　　)44.A.shaken B.lost C.hit D.dug (　　)45.A.suddenly B.busily C.kindly D.fairly (　　)46.A.call out B.care about C.listen to D.look over (　　)47.A.return　B.serve　C.lead　D.part (　　)48.A.feed B.hide C.cheat D.help (　　)49.A.protect B.teach C.develop D.push 第2讲　情态动词 [10年4考] 1.[2019安徽39题]The designer has tried every possible way to make the robot light，so you　　　　 worry about its weight. A.must　　B.may　　C.can’t　　D.needn’t 2.[2018安徽38题]—May I watch TV，Dad？ —When your homework is finished，you 　　　　. A.should B.can C.must D.need 3.[2017安徽39题]—Mum，I’ve signed for the box.What’s in it？ —I’m not sure.It 　　　　be a present from your uncle. A.need B.must C.may D.will 4.[2016安徽37题]Please don’t make so much noise.I 　　　　hear the speaker very well. A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t 5.Cycling in the countryside 　　　　help you clear your mind and make you feel relaxed. A.must B.should C.can D.need 6.—Kimmy，never throw any object from the building. —OK.I know even a small object 　　　　cause serious injuries or death when dropped from a great height. A.should B.must C.may D.need 7.—People 　　　　wear helmets(头盔) when they ride e-bikes according to the traffic rules. —Yes.Or they will be punished. A.must B.can C.may D.might 8.—Are we allowed to take photos in Dunhuang Museum？ —No，you 　　　　.It does much harm to the artworks over time. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.shouldn’t 9.—The doctor told me to eat more vegetables and fruit. —Yes，you 　　　　follow his advice.It’s good for your health. A.should B.might C.may D.could 10.Since you have put all your effort，you 　　　　worry about the result.What really matters is the process. A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t 11.—Mom，　　　　I go to the old people’s home with my friends this weekend？ —Sure，you can！ It’s great to help others. A.should B.may C.must D.need 12.—I hear he has given up his project. —It 　　　　be true.As far as I know，he’s a strong-minded person. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 13.—What a beautiful paper cutting！ Who made it？ —I’m not sure.It 　　　　be Lily because she loves traditional Chinese art. A.might B.must C.can’t D.shouldn’t 14.Farmers work hard to provide us with enough food，so we 　　　　waste it. A.need B.needn’t C.should D.shouldn’t 15.—Simon，you swim so well.Did you learn to swim when you were a child？ —Oh.The fact is that I 　　　　swim until I was twenty. A.needn’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t 16.—My parents 　　　　allow me to go swimming in the river without them. —I think so.That’s too dangerous. A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.couldn’t D.won’t 17.—　　　　 you please hand out these papers for me？ —Sure.But I need to finish my work first. A.May B.Must C.Could D.Should 18.—　　　　 you mind if I take the seat next to you？ —Certainly not.The person who was here has finished his lunch and left. A.Shall B.Would C.May D.Should 19.—Must I get there on time？ I’m too tired to walk on. —I’m afraid you 　　　　.You can’t miss the good chance. A.may B.will C.need D.have to 20.—　　　　 we be volunteers in Anhui Museum during this summer holiday？ —It couldn’t be better.I’m looking forward to that. A.Could B.Shall C.Would D.Must 21.When you have fixed this type of lock，you 　　　　take a key with you.You can open the door with your fingerprint. A.shouldn’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.can’t 22.—Hurry up，Jack！ The bus is coming. —Wait a minute！ You 　　　　cross the street until the traffic lights are green. A.need B.needn’t C.must D.mustn’t 23.—Have you seen Mr Smith？ I have a question to ask him. —He 　　　　be in his office.He’s sometimes there in the afternoon. A.would B.might C.need D.must 24.According to the librarian，students with a membership card 　　　　borrow up to five books at a time. A.could B.must C.should D.need 25.—Many people believe that to keep fit，they 　　　　depend on coffee to stay awake. —Yes，too much caffeine can harm your health. A.can B.can’t C.needn’t D.need 26.—John，　　　　I join you in the reading program after school？ —Of course you can.Shall we meet at five this afternoon？ A.can B.need C.must D.should 27.We should learn some basic life skills so that we 　　　　depend on ourselves some day. A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t 28.Middle school students who sleep for more than 9 hours each night 　　　　have more energy at school. A.can’t B.could C.should D.need 29.—Many people often play on mobile phones instead of reading. —That’s too bad.Everyone 　　　　be a book lover.Reading is more enjoyable. A.can’t B.must C.should D.may 30.—Hi，Jim！ 　　　　you provide some books and pens for the children in the poor areas？ —No problem.I’ll do that soon. A.Should B.Must C.Could D.May 第3讲　动词的时态 [必考：每年1道] 【拓展】 (1)常见非延续性动词与延续性动词的转换 现在完成时中，表示持续的动作或状态，谓语动词多为延续性动词。如果动词是非延续性动词，要将非延续性动词转化为延续性动词。 become →be open→ be open close→ be closed begin/start →be on buy→have borrow/ lend→ keep leave→be away (from) finish→ be over join→be in die→be dead come back →be back marry→be married wake up→ be awake go to→be in fall asleep →be asleep (2)现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 ①现在完成时与一般过去时都表示过去的动作，但现在完成时强调这一动作对现在产生的影响或结果，而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实。 如：I was a teacher three years ago.我三年前是一名老师。(过去是，现在可能不是) I have been a teacher for three years.我当老师已经三年了。(过去是，现在是，将来可能也是) ②现在完成时不能和表示过去的时间状语连用，而一般过去时可以和表示过去的时间状语连用。如：I haven’t seen her these days.； I saw her this morning. (3)常用现在完成时的固定句型 ①This is the＋形容词最高级/序数词＋n.＋that从句。其中，that从句中要用现在完成时。如：This is the first time I have visited Beijing. ②It is/has been＋时间段＋since＋从句。如： It is/has been 5 years since we last met. ③一段时间＋现在完成时＋since引导的时间状语从句。如：Two years has passed since I came here. 1.[2025安徽27题]—The robots 　　　　each other to the finish line. —How exciting！ Our robot is going to win. A.raced　　　　　　B.were racing C.race D.are racing 2.[2024安徽26题]—Excuse me，may I use your dictionary？ I 　　　　mine behind. —Sure.Here you are. A.leave B.have left C.will leave D.was leaving 3.[2023安徽29题]—Jim，I’ve got a problem with my car.Could you help me？ —Sorry，not right now.I 　　　　a short video. A.make B.have made C.am making D.was making 4.[2022安徽27题]—What are you saving money for？ —Father’s Day is around the corner.I 　　　　a gift for my father. A.am going to buy B.have bought C.bought D.was buying 5.[2021安徽27题]—Our computer is working again！ —Yes.Our IT teacher 　　　　it.It took him about an hour. A.has fixed B.will fix C.is fixing D.was fixing 6.[2020安徽27题]—The air here is much fresher than before. —Exactly！We 　　　　a lot of trees in the past few years. A.planted B.were planting C.have planted D.will plant 7.[2019安徽34题]—It’s ten years since we came here. —How time flies！We 　　　　in China for so long. A.work B.worked C.will work D.have worked 8.[2018安徽35题]Before the sun 　　　　，we need to get to the top of the mountain. A.set B.sets C.is setting D.will set 9.[2017安徽34题]I am surprised at the new look of my hometown，for it 　　　　a lot over the years. A.changed B.changes C.will change D.has changed 10.[2016安徽41题]I saw Sam and David in the playground yesterday afternoon.They 　　　　games with their classmates then. A.play B.will play C.are playing D.were playing 11.[2025合肥包河区一模] —Could you please help me repair the computer，David？ —Wait a moment.I 　　　　an important interview. A.will prepare B.have prepared C.am preparing D.was preparing 12.[2025合肥蜀山区一模] I’d like to go and play Chinese chess with you，but I 　　　　my homework. A.wasn’t finishing B.haven’t finished C.didn’t finish D.don’t finish 13.[2025合肥瑶海区一模]—Our home town 　　　　a new bridge over the river. —The plan is expected to bring more hope to the villagers. A.builds B.built C.has built D.will build 14.[2025合肥包河区二模]—Why are you so happy？ —I 　　　　the science project，and I think I did a really good job. A.am completing B.will complete C.have completed D.was completing 15.[2025合肥包河区三模]—Why do you practice dancing every day？ —Our team 　　　　at the city culture festival.We hope it can be a great hit. A.performs B.will perform C.performed D.has performed 16.[2025合肥第四十五中三模]—There is someone knocking at the door. —It must be Lin.I 　　　　her to come and prepare for the English speech together. A.call B.was calling C.called D.will call 17.[2025江苏扬州]During Guyu，the temperature usually 　　　　a lot and rain increases. A.rises B.rose C.is rising D.has risen 18.—Are you studying for the English test next week？ —No，I’m busy with a report now.I 　　　　it when I finish the report. A.start B.was starting C.have started D.will start 19.—Jenny，I called you last night，but you didn’t answer it. —Sorry，Mary.I　　　　my mother with housework. A.will help B.was helping C.am helping D.have helped 20.—How nice these flowers are！ —So they are！ The old lady 　　　　care of them whenever she has time. A.took B.is taking C.will take D.takes 21.—I haven’t seen Jack for a long time. —Oh，he 　　　　as a volunteer teacher in Xinjiang for two years.Yesterday he just came back. A.works B.was working C.worked D.has worked 22.If you practise more in reading and writing，you 　　　　greater progress in English learning. A.were making B.will make C.made D.have made 23.—Look at this photo！ Do you remember when it was taken？ —Yeah！ I 　　　　a cooking class back then and it was so fun. A.have B.am having C.was having D.have had 24.—Nearly three years 　　　　since we became middle school students. —Yes，I think we will remember those who helped and supported us forever. A.passes B.passed C.has passed D.will pass 25.The boy seems very confident，because he 　　　　many speeches in public before. A.was giving B.will give C.gives D.has given 26.—Congratulations！ You did a great job in today’s speaking competition. —Thanks.In fact，I 　　　　many times for it and my efforts pay off now. A.am practising B.practise C.will practise D.have practised 27.When Sandy was a child，she 　　　　a good habit of managing her pocket money wisely. A.develops B.developed C.is developing D.has developed 28.—Do you remember the first time we met？ —Always in my mind！ You 　　　　a novel called Treasure Island. A.are reading B.were reading C.have read D.will read 29.—I can’t find my keys.I’m sure I 　　　　them somewhere in the house. —Don’t worry.Let’s look for them together. A.left B.have left C.was leaving D.leave 第4讲　动词的语态 [10年6考] 1.被动语态的结构 被动语态由“be＋及物动词的过去分词(done)”构成，被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化通过be动词的变化来体现。常考的四种主动语态和被动语态的结构如下： 时态 结构 例句 一般 现在时 (2018.44) am/is/are ＋done The classroom is cleaned by us every day. 主动语态：We clean the classroom every day. 一般 过去时 (10年 3考) was/were ＋done A new pen was given to her by her mother. 主动语态：Her mother gave her a new pen. 一般 将来时 (2024. 29， 2019.42) will/shall/ be going to ＋be＋done Trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 主动语态：They will plant trees tomorrow. 含情态 动词 情态动词 ＋be＋done The problem must be solved soon. 主动语态：We must solve the problem soon. 2.主动语态变被动语态的方法 方法：①主动句宾语变成被动句主语。 ②主动句谓语动词变成被动句“be＋done”结构。其中，be动词的人称和数应与被动句的主语保持一致，时态不变。 ③把主动语态的主语移到被动语态中的介词by之后,注意代词须用宾格形式。 ④主动句其他成分不变。 【注意】主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况： ①“使役动词”和“感官动词”后接不带to的动词不定式作补语时，变被动语态时还原to。此类常见词有：一感(feel)；二听(hear/listen to)；三使(make/have/let)；四看(look/see/watch/notice)。 如：I heard Amy sing that morning.→Amy was heard to sing that morning. ②带有双宾语的动词变为被动语态有两种表达方式。其中，直接宾语(物)作被动句的主语时，间接宾语(人)前必须加to或者for。 如：He gave the girl a toy. →A toy was given to the girl by him. →The girl was given a toy by him. 3.被动语态的使用情况 (1)常见的使用被动语态的情况： 情况 示例 不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者是谁 Rice is grown in the south of China. 需要强调动作的承受者 Chinese is spoken by more and more people in the world. 动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物 Many houses were washed away in the flood. 有些动词习惯上常用被动语态(born，seat，dress等) I was born in China in 2008. (2)不能使用被动语态的情况： 情况 示例 主动句的谓语动词为不及物动词 happen，take place，belong to等 主动句的谓语动词为表示状态的动词 have，own，fail，fit，cost，last(持续)等 4.主动结构表被动意义的情况 情况 示例 open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，watch，cut，burn，drive等作不及物动词，且主语为物 This kind of pen writes very smoothly. look，feel，sound，taste，smell等感官动词用主动结构表被动意义 Mooncakes taste delicious. need/require/be worth 后跟v.-ing形式相当于need/require/be worth后跟动词不定式的被动结构(to be done) My bike needs repairing.＝My bike needs to be repaired. 1.[2024安徽29题]The 2024 Paris Olympic Games 　　　　this July.Don’t miss it. A.holds　　　　　　　B.will hold C.is held D.will be held 2.[2023安徽25题]Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they 　　　　into schools. A.introduce B.introduced C.are introduced D.were introduced 3.[2019安徽42题]The villagers expect that the building of the bridge 　　　　before the rainy season comes. A.is completed B.was completed C.will be completed D.has been completed 4.[2018安徽44题]The weatherman says a rain shower 　　　　this afternoon in the south. A.expects B.expected C.is expected D.was expected 5.[2017安徽42题]Mr.Green 　　　　to sing an English song at the party and he sang well. A.was invited B.invited C.is invited D.invites 6.[2016安徽34题]When the baby dog 　　　　，it was very hungry.So we gave it some food. A.is found B.was found C.has been found D.will be found 7.[2025合肥蜀山区一模]—Wow，there is a new club in your school. —It 　　　　this term and now it has many members. A.sets up B.is set up C.set up D.was set up 8.[2025合肥第四十五中二模]—Do you know how DeepSeek gets so smart？ —Yes.It has a strong ability and 　　　　by training on lots of information. A.develops B.is developed C.was developed D.developed 9.[2025江苏扬州]When you feel cold air coming through your window，energy 　　　　. A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted 10.—The streets in our city are always clean. —You know they 　　　　by the hard-working cleaners every day. A.have cleaned B.will clean C.are cleaning D.are cleaned 11.—It is said that traditional Chinese music classes 　　　　in our school as soon as this term starts！ —Wow！ I can’t wait to take them. A.will teach B.were taught C.will be taught D.are teaching 12.—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities 　　　　to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day. A.will hold B.were held C.are held D.held 13.—The beautiful handiwork on the table looks so special.Who made it？ —It 　　　　by my grandmother last week.She’s very skillful. A.makes B.made C.was made D.will be made 14.In order to build a beautiful China and make the nation even greener，bad habits like wasting water 　　　　. A.avoid B.is avoided C.will avoid D.should be avoided 15.We should be honest to our friends，because it 　　　　to be our traditional value. A.is considered B.was considered C.considered D.considers 16.The Great Wall has a history of over twenty centuries and each part of it 　　　　in separate periods. A.build B.is built C.built D.was built 17.—Can you believe plants 　　　　on the moon in the future？ —Of course.Chinese scientists have been exploring the possibility of it. A.grew B.are grown C.were grown D.will be grown 18.You won’t know how the beauty of this classical work 　　　　unless you read it again and again. A.is expressed B.was expressed C.expresses D.expressed 19.—Your house looks so beautiful with these red lanterns. —Thanks.The red lanterns 　　　　by my brother and me yesterday. A.hang B.are hung C.were hung D.will be hung 20.More mistakes 　　　　if you go over the paper carefully for a second time. A.are found B.will find C.can be found D.find 21.—It is said that many trees 　　　　in our city. —That’s great.The air will be much fresher soon. A.plant B.are planted C.will plant D.will be planted 22.—I hear Lucy 　　　　to the art festival.Is that true？ —Oh，yes.She performed very well at the festival. A.invites B.will invite C.is invited D.was invited 23.—Did you hear that our school soccer team won the game？ —Yes.The news 　　　　on the radio this morning. A.reported B.is reported C.was reported D.reports 24.—Excuse me，can I put my bags here？ —Sure.Your bags 　　　　here until you come back.Have a great time shopping！ A.kept B.are keeping C.are kept D.will be kept 25.In ancient times，the beautiful silk cloth 　　　　along the Silk Road to other countries. A.trades B.traded C.is traded D.was traded 26.—What will happen if lots of jobs 　　　　over by AI？ —That is a good question.But at the same time，AI will create more jobs. A.will take B.are taken C.will be taken D.take 第5讲　非谓语动词 [10年2考] 动词不定式[2025.79，2022.76] 1.动词不定式的形式：to＋动词原形(有时可以省略to)；否定形式为“not to＋动词原形”。 2.动词不定式的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作目的 状语 在句中表目的 Everyone can do small things to save energy. 作宾语 补足语 宾语＋宾补(即“动词＋sb.＋to do sth.”) The teacher asked us to turn off the lights. 作定语 常放在所修饰词的后面作后置定语 I have a lot of books to read. 作宾语 动词＋to do sth. They decide to visit the Great Lakes. 常用it作形式宾语，而将不定式(真正的宾语)后置 I find it easy to learn English well. 作主语 常用 it作形式主语，而将不定式(真正的主语)后置 To learn English well is important. ＝It is important to learn English well. 作表语 常位于 be，seem等词后 Her job is to do the dishes. 【拓展】“疑问词＋不定式” 结构 动词不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等疑问词连用，在句中作宾语。例如：I haven’t decided yet when to leave.此外，作宾语时，还可转化为宾语从句：I haven’t decided yet when I will leave. 3.常见可接动词不定式作宾语的动词(词组)(v.＋to do sth.) like 喜欢 want 想要 promise承诺 hope 希望 plan 计划 decide 决定 try尝试；设法 (2022.76) forget 忘记 refuse拒绝 learn学习 manage完成；应付 prefer更喜欢 fail 失败 expect 期望 choose 选择 agree 同意 afford 负担得起 would like想要 prepare准备 continue 继续 need 需要 4.常见接动词不定式作宾补的动词 (v.＋sb.＋to do sth.) ask要求 tell告诉 want想要 wish希望 remind提醒 teach教 advise建议 allow允许 expect期望 invite邀请 encourage鼓励 order命令 force强迫 warn警告 request要求 5.动词不定式符号to的省略 (1)在一些使役动词和感官动词之后，要把不定式结构中的to省略，但在变为被动语态时，要把省略的to加上。常用的有： 一感： feel 二听： listen to，hear 三让： let，have，make 四看： watch，see，look at，notice (2)help后带to不带to均可(2025.79)。如： She still works there once a week to help kids (to) learn to read. (3)其他省略不定式符号to的固定句式或搭配： ①Why not＋do sth.？ 为什么不做某事？如：Why not go shopping with me？ ②had better do sth.最好做某事。如：You had better take a rest after driving for four hours. ③would rather do sth.宁愿做某事。如：I would rather stay in the classroom than go out. 6.不定式的常见句型 (1)It is＋adj.＋for/of sb.＋to do sth.对某人来说做某事是……/某人做某事真是…… (2)It takes/took sb.＋一段时间＋to do sth.做某事花某人……时间。 (3)It’s time to do sth.到做某事的时间了。 (4)It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事了。 (5)prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事 (6)too＋adj.＋to do sth.太……而不能做某事 (7)adj.＋enough to do sth.足够……去做某事 (8)It’s one’s duty to do sth.做某事是某人的义务。 (9)think/find/make＋it＋adj.＋to do sth.认为做某事是……的 (10)It is a/one’s pleasure to do sth.做某事是一件愉快的事/做某事是某人的荣幸。 动名词 1.动名词的形式：动词原形＋-ing；否定形式为“not＋动词原形＋-ing”。 2.动名词的句法功能 功能 用法 例句 作宾语 作动词或介词的宾语，表示一般的习惯、抽象的行为或经常性动作 My sister enjoys running very much. I’m looking forward to working out the problem. 作主语 单个动名词(短语)作主语，谓语动词用单数形式 Eating too much junk food is bad for your health. 作表语 动名词(短语)作表语可转化为作主语 My hobby is playing the guitar.＝ Playing the guitar is my hobby. 作定语 位于所修饰词之前，表明所修饰词的用途、所属关系等 The meeting room is too small to hold thirty people. 3.常接动名词作宾语的动词(词组)(v.＋doing sth.) 分类 示例 动词 avoid避免　consider考虑　enjoy喜欢 finish完成 imagine想象 keep坚持 miss 思念 mind介意 practice练习 risk冒险 suggest建议 动词 词组 be worth doing sth.值得做某事 be busy (in) doing sth.忙于做某事 be/get used to doing sth.习惯于做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣 can’t/couldn’t help doing sth.情不自禁做某事 can’t/couldn’t stand doing sth.不能忍受做某事 feel like doing sth.想要做某事 give up doing sth.放弃做某事 have fun/trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有乐趣/有麻烦/有困难 keep on doing sth.继续做某事 look forward to doing sth.期待做某事 set out doing sth.着手/开始做某事 stop/keep/prevent sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 【拓展】既可接不定式又可接动名词的动词 巧记 示例 四“记”： 记得、 忘记、 计划、 继续 remember doing sth.记得做过某事(已做) remember to do sth.记得去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(已做) forget to do sth.忘记要做某事(未做) mean doing sth.意味着做某事 mean to do sth.打算/想要做某事 go on doing sth.继续做某事 go on to do sth.接着去做另外一件事 需要 need doing sth.需要做某事(被动含义) need to do sth.需要去做某事(主动含义) 力争 try doing sth.尝试做某事 try to do sth.尽力做某事 “不” “后悔” stop doing sth.停止做某事 stop to do sth.停下来去做另一件事 regret doing sth.对做过的事感到后悔(已做) regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做) 分词(课标仅作理解要求) 1.分词的形式 (1)现在分词：v.-ing，表示动作正在发生，有主动、进行之意； (2)过去分词：v.-ed，表示动作已经完成，有被动、完成之意。 2.分词的用法 分词在句中可起形容词或副词的作用，作表语、定语、状语或宾语补足语，也可构成各种进行或完成时态和语态。 用法 示例 作表语 The story in this book is moving. 作定语 The broken window needs to be fixed. 作状语 Laughing happily，they enjoy every moment. 作宾语 补足语 I had my car repaired yesterday. Ⅰ.单词拼写 1.This zisha clay is very special and can make the tea t　　　(尝起来) good. 2.Thousands of foreign businessmen would like to t　　　(做生意) with Chinese people. 3.It took me a while to r　　　(意识到) the importance of protecting nature. 4.Learning to e　　　(表达) your feelings is important in the conversation with your parents. 5.As learners，we should pay attention to r　　　(复习) what we have learned after class. 6.My grandparents enjoy p　　　(练习) Tai Chi in the yard every morning. 7.Many old people prefer to l　　　(生活) in the clean and peaceful countryside. 8.Last week，our class volunteered to r　　　(募集) money for the disabled people. 9.I can’t imagine w　　　(浪费) my time on such a meaningless thing. 10.Some rules are strict，but they help me to u　　　(理解) the love from my parents. 11.When the girl is away from home，she always can’t stop m　　　(想念) her family. 12.The school football team is used to t　　　(训练) on the school playground every Friday afternoon. 13.I like to m　　　(标记) special days on my calendar，like my birthday and holidays. 14.As young men，we should have the courage to c　　　(改变) the world. Ⅱ.翻译句子 15.学生养成早起的好习惯是很重要的。 　　　　　　　 16.我宁愿尽全力，也不愿轻易放弃。 　　　　　　　 17.保持我们的家乡干净美丽是我们的责任。 　　　　　　　 18.参加英语角并练习口语是一件开心的事。 　　　　　　 　　 动词填空——针对单词拼写 [必考：每年1～2道] 确定空格处填动词的方法： 1.结合题干中所给的汉语提示词和首字母判断。如2025年第79题，汉语提示词为“生产”，考生可直接确定空格处填动词。 2.根据语境判断。安徽中考会涉及对多词性词汇的考查，如2025年第77题，汉语提示词为“睡觉”，这类词仅通过汉语提示词无法判断是否填动词，需要通过语境和句子结构进行判断。 ▶考向1　填原形[10年6考] 适用情况 例句 用于固定搭配或句型中(2025.79) Why not have a cup of tea？ 位于助动词、情态动词及其否定形式之后(2023.80) He couldn’t answer the question. 位于动词不定式符号to之后构成不定式作宾语、宾补或目的状语(2022.76，2019.95) Jack decided to stick to his idea. 用于祈使句开头(2020.95，2017.95) Keep quiet. 用于一般现在时且主语为复数时 The children arrive at school at 8 am. 用于使役动词(let/make)之后 Let us go to the park to make us feel better. ▶考向2　填单三[10年5考] 适用情况 例句 a/an/one/this/that＋可数名词单数作主语(2018.94) That tree in the park is very tall. 时态为一般现在时，且主语为第三人称单数、可数名词单数或不可数名词(10年4考) The town lies on the coast. 复合不定代词或疑问代词作主语 Everyone wants to live a happy life. 指示代词this/that作主语(一般现在时的句子中) This is yours，and that is mine. ▶考向3　填过去式[10年2考] 适用情况 例句 有明显的过去的时间状语或标志词 I went to bed early last night. 当主从句时态一致时，从句用一般过去时，主句也用一般过去时 When she talked about summer vacation life，a smile appeared on her face. 动词过去式＋and/or＋动词过去式 Lisa read the letter and wrote some words on it. 根据上下文语境和时态(2024.80，2021.77) I watched the movie with my friend.We were both surprised by it. ▶考向4　填现在分词[2017.93] 适用情况 例句 与be动词构成现在或过去进行时(2017.93) Please do not make so much noise.I am working. while引导的时间状语从句的省略形式 He often listens to music while cooking. ▶考向5　填过去分词 适用情况 例句 在现在/过去完成时中 I have seen many examples similar to this. 在被动语态中 A speech on traditional Chinese culture was given in the school hall last Friday. 　 针对训练 1.No one will b　　　(相信) in a person who has lied many times to others. 2.Tom lives a green life and d　　　 (分) the waste into different groups for recycling. 3.Students are expected to c　　　(联系) knowledge from the book with the real world. 4.In the western restaurants，soup is always s　　　(服务) first，and then the main course. 5.熟词生义If you can’t c　　　(领会) what someone said，ask him or her politely to repeat it. 6.The parents should w　　　(警告) their kids not to swim in the river alone. 7.Remember the important people in your life who helped and s　　　(支持) you. 8.Mr Li is a nice teacher and he always makes his students l　　　(笑) in his class. 9.It is important to a　　　(接受) yourself and value what you have now. 10.As the home of tea，China hopes to s　　　(传播) tea culture around the world. 11.C　　　(收集) empty bottles for recycling and protect our green earth. 12.Classmates s　　　(分享) their notes and discuss ways to learn better together. 13.That quiet library o　　　(提供) a peaceful place to read and learn new things. 14.Kindness t　　　(触动) hearts and makes the world a better place. 15.Everything s　　　(似乎) to be possible as long as we treat it seriously. 16.David r　　　(拒绝) to help his classmate cheat in the exam just now. 17.The firemen r　　　(急促) into the house that was on fire to save the little kids. 18.Jack f　　　(忘记) his past failures and kept trying，finally realizing his dream. 19.You must j　　　(判断) a person by his actions，not just by what he says. 20.Some numbers are c　　　(认为) lucky or unlucky in some cultures. 21.If we c　　　(继续) cutting down trees，birds will have nowhere to live in. 22.I have never r　　　(后悔) choosing to be kind，even when it was not easy. 23.To reduce air pollution，more people c　　　(选择) to travel by electric bikes or public transport. 24.At the nursing home，volunteers learn to t　　　(对待) the old with kindness and respect. 25.The teenagers often visited the patients in the hospital to help them b　　　(建立) confidence. 26.Pets can help reduce stress and i　　　(改善) our mental health. 27.You’d better i　　　(邀请) one of your friends along when going to a strange place. 28.Your eyes will be h　　　(受伤) if you always read in the dark light. 29.熟词生义While I was waiting for the result，my heart was b　　　(跳动) quickly. 30.Students should read more books to d　　　(发现) new knowledge and ideas. 31.During my junior high school life，I have r　　　(收到) much help from the teachers. 32.Mr Brown often p　　　(提供) poor students with food and clothes. 33.I really a　　　(钦佩) the scientists who make great contributions to our country. 34.You cannot e　　　(指望) your friends to trust you if you always tell lies to them. 35.Teenagers need to learn to be independent to p　　　(做准备) for the adult life. 36.To live a healthier life，Billy now a　　　(添加) less salt than before when cooking. 37.The classics remind us not to forget our past and e　　　(解释) where our cultural confidence comes from. 38.Kitty is going to d　　　 (设计) an advice page for her school newspaper. 39.熟词生义Chinese people use twelve animals to n　　　(命名) the year of a person’s birth. 40.The way how people greet each other is i　　　　(影响) by social culture. 41.Grandma n　　　(点头) softly as I told her about my school life just now. 42.We should s　　　(站立) with our back straight when watching the raising of the national flag. 43.Every year during the Spring Festival，my family takes a family photo to r　　　(记录) the happy moment. 专题三　形容词和副词 [考查题型：单项填空、完形填空、单词拼写] 形容词和形容词短语[必考： 每年4～9道] 1.形容词的用法 　　形容词用于修饰名词或代词，说明人或事物的性质、状态、属性或特征。基本用法如下： 用法 位置 例句 作定语 位于名词或enough前 This is an interesting book. 位于复合不定代词之后 I have something important to tell you. 作表语 位于系动词后。常见的系动词有：be动词、三变化(turn，get，become)、感官动词以及stay，go，seem等 It is sunny today. You look very happy. Leaves turn yellow in autumn. Lucy always stays positive. 作宾语 补足语 常位于keep，find，make，think，leave等动词的宾语后 I found this story boring. We should keep our classroom clean. 作状语 相当于状语从句，可位于句首、句末或句中 The students finished their group project，happy and proud. 【拓展】 (1)常见的只能作表语的形容词有：alone，asleep，afraid，awake，alive，well，ill。如：Don’t be afraid！ (2)有些形容词位于定冠词the之后，泛指一类人，表示复数概念。作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。这类词有：young/old，rich/poor，healthy/ill，living/dead等。如：The wise are always listening，not speaking. (3)v.-ing 形容词与 v.-ed 形容词的区别[讲解详见本书第一部分P7] 2.形容词词义辨析 分析安徽近10年真题可知，形容词词义辨析均为语境辨析，主要在单项填空和完形填空中考查。对于语境辨析类试题，考生首先要掌握各个选项的意思，再根据语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。 3.形容词短语辨析 形容词常与of，with，about，for，at，to等介词搭配，构成短语。[详见《课标词汇记背》P85“类别二 形容词短语”] 　 针对训练 Ⅰ.单项填空 1.—You see，Peter is an outgoing boy. —Yeah，love is never 　　　　from his childhood. A.absent　 B.different　 C.free　 D.safe 2.—I don’t know which club to choose.Can you give me some advice？ —You need to be 　　　　about your interests first. A.careful B.nervous C.clear D.crazy 3.熟词生义—Life is like a road.It is not always 　　　　. —I agree with you.We should learn to face all kinds of difficulties. A.silent B.special C.smooth D.important 4.—It’s not 　　　　for our parents to do all the housework. —You’re right.All family members should share it. A.fair B.true C.strange D.strong 5.What an exciting experience it was to explore the Forbidden City！ I learned so much about 　　　　Chinese history. A.beautiful　B.ancient　C.perfect　D.private 6.—Mum，what should I do？ The running race will start soon. —Don’t be 　　　　.Just take a deep breath and relax yourself. A.blind B.weak C.nervous D.polite 7.—We are proud to see Chinese is more and more popular all over the world. —Exactly！ It’s becoming a 　　　　language skill in different fields. A.modern B.difficult C.necessary D.single 8.It is good manners to be 　　　　while watching the raising of our national flag. A.serious B.simple C.close D.wise 9.—Although ants have 　　　　bodies，they can move heavy things together. —That’s true.It’s the magic of teamwork. A.weak B.wild C.tiny D.similar Ⅱ.完形填空 [2025河北改编]Mr Johnson was an excellent maths teacher.His students would 　10　 forget their first class he gave them.He always wrote the numbers 2 and 4 on the blackboard in the first class to his 　11　 students，and asked them，“What is the answer？” Whenever he asked this question，some of his students said 6 was the 　12　.Some others thought that 2 was more proper and some of them 　13　 8 as the answer.Moreover，there were still others who were just sitting on their seats，　14　 making mistakes，without a word. While the students were discussing what the answer was，Mr Johnson always waited for their reply 　15　.Finally，he sighed(叹气) and said，“Your discussion is 　16　 because none of you focused your attention on the point： What　17　 the question is asked about.Did I ask you to do anything about the two 　18　？ Were they asked to be added，subtracted(减) or to do some other calculations(计算)？ If you don’t know the question exactly，how can you give a 　19　 answer？” So let that be a lesson to all of us： It is important to know what the question is before we try to find out the key. (　　)10.A.often　　　　　　B.hardly C.never D.always (　　)11.A.new B.wise C.honest D.famous (　　)12.A.age B.key C.time　 D.score (　　)13.A.caught B.chose C.covered D.corrected (　　)14.A.angry with B.proud of C.good with D.afraid of (　　)15.A.smoothly B.patiently C.strictly D.silently (　　)16.A.useless B.hot C.strange D.true (　　)17.A.usually B.exactly C.directly D.suddenly (　　)18.A.letters B.shapes C.lines D.numbers (　　)19.A.quick B.short C.right D.ready 副词的基本用法及辨析[必考： 每年2～5道] 副词主要用以说明事件发生的时间、地点、行为方式、程度及说话者的态度、观点。 1.副词的基本用法 用法 位置 例句 作状语 位于动词之后，修饰动词 It’s raining heavilynow. 位于形容词或其他副词之前，修饰形容词或其他副词 I’m almost ready. 位于句首，修饰整个句子 Luckily，we both love basketball. 动词若带宾语，则放在宾语之后 The girl listens to the teacher carefully. 作表语 位于系动词之后，主要指主语的方向、方位、动作或状态 I’ll be back in five minutes. 作定语 表示时间或地点的副词，一般后置作定语 Life here is full of joy. 作宾语补 足语 位于动宾结构后，补充说明宾语的位置、状态、性质或特征 I saw her out with her friends. 2.副词的分类 分类 位置及用法 示例 频度副词 通常位于行为动词前，be动词、情态动词或第一个助动词之后 always，usually，often， sometimes，seldom， hardly ever，never 方式副词 位于不及物动词之后或及物动词之前，表示动作的行为方式或状态 quickly，happily，loudly， suddenly，luckily，badly，easily 程度副词 位于被修饰的形容词或副词前，表示强度或程度 heavily，quite，enough，almost，hardly，a lot，too，much 时间副词 常位于句尾，表示动作发生的时间 then，today，now，yesterday，before，ago，soon，later，already 地点副词 常位于句尾，表示动作发生的地点或位置关系 here，there，home，back，off，anywhere，inside 连接副词 常位于句首或句中 also，then，however，instead，besides，anyway，therefore，still， finally 疑问副词 位于句首或句中，引导特殊疑问句或宾语、状语等从句 when，where，why，how 其他 perhaps，abroad，alone 【拓展】 (1)有些以-ly结尾的单词是形容词，如： friendly，lonely，lovely，lively，ugly等 (2)同形形容词和副词 ①词义相近的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 We had an early breakfast.(早的) We had breakfast early.(早地) We went by a fast train.(快的) Don’t speak so fast.(快地) ②词义不同的同形形容词和副词 形容词 副词 I want a straight answer.(坦诚的) He went straight to Hefei.(直接地) I don’t feel well today.(健康的) Our plans go well.(顺利地) It is as hard as a stone.(坚硬的) The test is so hard.(困难的) She studies hard.(努力地) He holds the paper hard.(用力地) (3)有些词虽然既可作形容词也可作副词，但加了-ly之后意义相差很大，如： 3.副词词义辨析 分析安徽近10年真题，副词词义辨析主要在单项填空和完形填空中考查，且主要考查的是-ly副词词义辨析，偶尔涉及频度副词和其他副词词义辨析。 　 针对训练 Ⅰ.单项填空 20.—If we keep the park clean，our city will become more beautiful. —You’re right.We should 　　　　forget to do our part for the environment. A.always B.never C.often D.sometimes 21.A cloth bag for shopping is not expensive； 　　　　，you can use it several times. A.besides B.anyway C.however D.instead 22.The two photos look quite similar.I can 　　　　find any differences between them. A.almost B.only C.hardly D.really 23.After several months of hard work，the students 　　　　turned the empty land into a beautiful garden. A.suddenly B.certainly C.strangely D.completely 24.—I am feeling bad today and I feel nothing goes well. —Take it easy.　　　　，tomorrow is another day. A.Instead B.Anyway C.However D.Otherwise 25.Weight control isn’t 　　　　about losing weight but also about improving health and reducing the risk of diseases. A.simply B.correctly C.smoothly D.hardly 26.A new term is coming.Susan is making a plan 　　　　to improve her study. A.bravely B.politely C.carefully D.easily 27.Unlike the people with negative ideas，Wendy treats difficulties as opportunities and acts 　　　　. A.differently B.widely C.exactly D.luckily 28.—Congratulations on winning first prize at the English Singing Contest(比赛)！ —Thank you！ I spent 　　　　half a year preparing for it. A.wisely B.loudly C.nearly D.mostly 29.AI technology has 　　　　been used in many kinds of fields these days. A.gradually B.normally C.seriously D.comfortably 30.—Ella，you seem to enjoy reading in your spare time. —Yes.Reading can open up my mind.　　　　，the more I read，the more I want to know. A.However B.Also C.Instead D.Later 31.—Nowadays，people use mobile phones too much. —I feel 　　　　the same.We’d better not depend too much on them. A.quickly B.properly C.clearly D.exactly Ⅱ.完形填空 [2025山东枣庄改编]At the age of 13，I received a letter from my parents.The letter 　32　my school life. It was the end of the first term at my new school.I got a very 　33　 score in the final exam.It was the worst score that I had ever had.And it felt like everyone in the class laughed at me.I felt so 　34　 that I lost my hope. One day，when I arrived home，my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened.I told them the truth.Instead of being 　35　 with me，they said nothing.The next morning，when I 　36　，I found there was a letter on my desk.It was from my parents.In the letter，they told me，“Everyone in the world wants to win，　37　 none of them can always win，so it’s important for you to learn from failure and don’t lose your hope.We believe you can succeed one day.” 　38　，I felt warm in my heart.The 　39　 cheered me up.After I thought about my failure 　40　，I found out the reasons and made a plan.By doing so，I learned a lot and became more and more confident. From my experience，I learned that to be 　41　 is the best way to solve difficulties. Believe in myself，and I will win.I’ll remember this forever. (　　)32.A.took　　 　　B.broke C.changed D.stopped (　　)33.A.good　B.bad　C.easy　D.small (　　)34.A.sad B.lucky C.happy D.bored (　　)35.A.satisfied B.bored C.patient D.angry (　　)36.A.put up B.got up C.broke down D.turned down (　　)37.A.but B.or C.so D.though (　　)38.A.Honestly B.Luckily C.Suddenly D.Clearly (　　)39.A.grade B.gift C.letter D.book (　　)40.A.quickly B.finally C.slowly D.carefully (　　)41.A.confident B.patient C.brave D.polite 形容词和副词的比较等级[2020.46， 2017.35] 1.形容词、副词比较等级的变化规则 (1)规则变化 类别 构成方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音 节词 和少 数双 音节 词 直接加-er，-est young younger youngest 以不发音的字母e结尾的加-r，-st large larger largest 以单个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，先双写该辅音字母，再加 -er，-est big fat hot bigger fatter hotter biggest fattest hottest 以“辅音字母加y”结尾，先变y为i，再加-er，-est happy easy healthy happier easier healthier happiest easiest healthiest 多音 节词 和部 分双 音节 词 在原级前加 more，most careful important more careful more important most careful most important (2)不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 2.形容词、副词比较等级的用法 (1)原级的用法 比较程度 表达方式和含义 例句 同 等 程 度 肯定 形式 as＋原级＋as “和……一样……” Tom runs as fast as Mike. 否定 形式 not＋so/as＋原级＋as “不如……那样……” This room is not as/so big as that one. 不同程度 倍数＋as＋原级＋as“是……的几倍……” This apple is twice as big as that one. 【拓展】形容词/副词原级一般可用very，so，too，enough，quite等程度副词修饰。 (2)比较级的用法 用法 例句 “比较级＋than”，表示“比” My brother Bob is more hard-working than me. “the＋比较级，the＋比较级”，表示“越……，越……” The more fruit you eat，the healthier you will be. “比较级＋and＋比较级”，表示“越来越……” Our city is becoming cleaner and cleaner. “the＋比较级＋of the two…”，表示“两者中比较……的一个” He is the more active of the two boys. “Which/Who＋be动词/实义动词＋比较级，A or B？”，表示“两者相比较，哪个/谁更……？” Which is nearer to the sun，the moon or the earth？ “比较级＋than any other＋可数名词单数” ＝“比较级＋than the other＋可数名词复数”，表示“比任何一个人/物都……”(比较级形式表最高级含义) Li Gang is taller than any other student in his class.＝Li Gang is taller than the other students in his class. “倍数＋比较级＋than”，表示“比……大/小/长/短等几倍” My apples are three times more than yours. 根据语境判断比较级 This pair of shoes is too big for me，so I want to change for a smaller one. 【拓展】比较级前一般可用much，a little，a lot，even，still，far，a bit等词来修饰。如： It is much warmer than yesterday. (3)最高级的用法 用法 例句 “the＋最高级＋of/in＋比较范围”，表示“……是……中最……的”(三者或三者以上) This picture is the best of all in the box. “one of the＋最高级＋可数名词复数＋比较范围”，表示“……中最……之一” Qipao is one of the most traditional dresses in China. “the＋序数词＋形容词最高级＋可数名词单数＋比较范围”，表示“……中第几……的” She is the second tallest girl in our class. “Which/Who＋be＋the＋最高级，A，B or C？”，表示“三者比较，哪个/谁最……？” Who is the tallest in your class，Tom，Kate or Bill？ 否定词＋比较级(＋than)或can’t/couldn’t＋比较级(否定词有not，no，never，nothing等) Nobody could do the work better than he did. 根据语境判断最高级 There are four seasons in a year.Autumn is the best one for me. ① 形容词最高级前要加the，但当形容词最高级前有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等时，不加the。 ② 副词最高级前的the可省略。 　 针对训练 42.[2017安徽35题]—What do you think of the movie？ —Great！ I have never seen a 　　　　one. A.good　　B.bad　　C.better　　D.worse 43.—Did Li Ling get first place in the 800 meter race？ —Of course.She always runs 　　　　in our school. A.faster B.fastest C.higher D.highest 44.—Judy practices her oral English hard every day. —So she does.She pronounces words 　　　　than before. A.more clearly B.most clearly C.more happily D.most happily 45.—Mary seldom makes mistakes in her homework. —I think so.Of all my friends，she does every-thing 　　　　. A.carefully B.more carefully C.less carefully D.most carefully 46.—Does my question sound polite enough？ —I don’t think so.You can ask 　　　　by using “could” instead of “can”. A.impolitely B.more impolitely C.politely D.more politely 47.—Mr He，I am late for school today because I caught the wrong bus this morning. —Never mind.Please come here 　　　　tomorrow. A.early B.earlier C.late D.later 48.With the encouragement of his parents，Peter worked even 　　　　and got high marks in the exam. A.hard B.harder C.fast D.faster 49.—Which class in our grade did 　　　　in the school food festival last Wednesday？ —Class Five did.They raised the most money，1，560 yuan. A.successfully B.more successfully C.less successfully D.most successfully 50.—China is over 5，000 years old.It’s one of 　　　　countries in the world. —Yes，it has a much 　　　　history than many countries. A.old； long B.older； longer C.oldest； longer D.the oldest； longer 51.Learning is like mountain climbing.　　　　 you climb，　　　　you will see. A.The high； the far B.The higher； the far C.The higher； the farther D.The high； the farther 形容词、副词填空——针对单词拼写 [必考：每年1～3道] 确定空格处填形容词、副词的方法： 1.结合题干中所给的汉语提示词和首字母判断。如2025年第80题，汉语提示词为“美丽的”，考生可直接确定空格处填形容词；2023年第78题，汉语提示词为“通常地”，考生可直接确定空格处填副词。 2.根据句子结构判断。如2024年第76题，形容词“丰富”位于be动词之后作表语。 ▶考向1　填形容词[10年14考] 适用情况 示例 位于be动词、感官动词后作表语(10年9考) Thomas is thin and tall. This song sounds wonderful. 位于名词前，冠词或不定代词后作定语(10年4考) a big park 位于复合不定代词后，修饰复合不定代词 something new 位于宾语之后作宾补，常与make，leave，keep等动词连用(2018.93) The good news made everyone very happy. as＋原形＋as The kitchen is as clean as the living room. 在句型It is＋adj.＋(of/for sb.) to do sth.中 It is necessary to have a good study habit. ▶考向2　填副词[10年3考] 用法 例句 修饰动词、形容词或其他副词(10年3考) Lily is reading carefully in her room. The play is really funny. 修饰动词短语 This family lives in the house happily. 修饰整个句子，常位于句首 Finally，doctors and nurses arrived in time. 　针对训练 1.My grandfather always cooks delicious dishes for the w　　　(全部) family. 2.As friends，we should be h　　　(诚实) to each other，and never tell lies. 3.Taking more exercise and eating more healthy food can make you s　　　(强壮). 4.Only e　　　(空的) cups can hold the most water，so learn with an open mind. 5.I keep a s　　　(备用的) notebook in my desk for when I need more paper. 6.After finishing homework，I often shut off my brain and enjoy l　　　(轻柔) music. 7.The movie is a new video game which brings the m　　　(魔力) of Chinese legends to life. 8.We should take part in more s　　　(社交) activities to improve our communication skills. 9.The room looks clean and tidy because everything is put in the p　　　(合适) place. 10.David feels very p　　　(自豪) to be a member of the school basketball team. 11.When we learn a new lesson，we’d better understand the b　　　(基本) idea of the article. 12.Sally s　　　(仅仅) makes friends by showing her natural kindness and funny humor. 13.The more exercise you do，the happier and h　　　(健康) you will be. 14.Parents should teach children how to use the Internet w　　　(明智地) to avoid online risks. 15.Because of the fog，we hardly ever see the road a　　　(前面). 16.For your own safety，you mustn’t swim in the lake a　　　(独自). 17.The sweet memories in junior high school will be remembered f　　　(永远). 专题四　代词 人称代词、物主代词与反身代词 [单项填空：2023.22] 【知识必备】人称代词、物主代词与反身代词一览表 人 称　　　　 类别 人称代词 物主代词 反身 代词 主格 宾格 形容 词性 名词性 第一 人称 单数 I me my mine myself 复数 we us our ours ourselves 第二 人称 单数 you you your yours yourself 复数 you you your yours yourselves 第三 人称 单数 he him his his himself she her her hers herself it it its its itself 复数 they them their theirs themselves 1.人称代词的用法 类别 位置 作用 例句 主格 句首，用在动词前 作主语 I like English very much. 宾格 用在及物动词或介词后 作宾语 Can you look after her？(介词之后) The boy asked him for help.(动词之后) 用在系动词之后 作表语 —Who’s the boy in the photo？ —It’s me.(系动词之后) 2.物主代词的用法 类别 作用 例句 形容词性物主代词 作定语，置于名词前 Our classroom is very bright. 名词性物主代词 作主语 His bike is new，but mine is old. 作宾语 I can’t find my pen.Could I use yours？ 作表语 This computer is hers. 与of连用作定语 The red hat of hers is beautiful. ①形容词性物主代词＋名词＝名词性物主代词。如：This is my bag.＝This bag is mine. ②形容词性物主代词可与own连用来表示强调，意为“某人自己的”。如：This is her own car. 3.反身代词的用法 位置 作用 例句 动词或介词之后 作宾语 I hope you enjoy yourselves at the party. 系动词之后 作表语 I am not quite myself today. 名词或代词之后或句末 作同位语 The boy made the model plane himself. 4.常见固定搭配 (1)形容词性物主代词的常见固定搭配 on one’s own 独自 lose one’s life 丧生 lose one’s way 迷路 change one’s mind 改变主意 make up one’s mind 下定决心 take one’s time 不着急，慢慢来 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下 do/try one’s best 尽某人最大的努力 to one’s surprise 令某人感到惊讶的是 (2)反身代词的常见固定搭配 lose oneself 迷失自我 enjoy oneself 玩得愉快 talk to oneself 自言自语 keep sth.to oneself 保守秘密 dress oneself自己穿衣服 by oneself 单独地，独自地 come to oneself恢复；苏醒 help oneself (to) 自用(食物等) teach oneself ＝learn by oneself自学 look after/take care of oneself 照顾自己 　 针对训练 1.[2023安徽22题]I like those books！ When I get my pocket money，I will buy 　　　　. A.it　　 B.that　　 C.them　　 D.ones 2.[2025合肥蜀山区三模]—I left my tools for the school vegetable garden at home.Could I borrow 　　　　to help water the plants？ —No problem！ A.your B.yours C.their D.theirs 3.[2025第四十二中二模]With more time to spare，students now have more time to explore 　　　　interests like painting or programming. A.their B.our C.your D.her 4.—I sometimes feel blue on rainy days. —Why not try to wear orange，Simon？ It might cheer 　　　　up. A.you B.us C.it D.them 5.—It is raining outside.I forgot to bring an umbrella. —Don’t worry.You can use 　　　　.I won’t go out the whole day. A.his B.mine C.hers D.yours 6.—It’s said that a lot of students have to wear glasses. —Yes.So our teachers always tell 　　　　to protect our eyes. A.them B.us C.me D.him 7.Nine is an important number in Chinese culture because 　　　　pronunciation is Jiu，meaning “long”. A.our B.its C.their D.her 8.—I’m nervous about the speech contest tomorrow.Mike is much better than me. —Please relax.Just believe in 　　　　and practice more. A.yourself B.myself C.himself D.itself 9.The difficulty 　　　　is not terrible.What’s terrible is that we are too afraid of it to take action. A.herself B.itself C.myself D.himself 10.—Sally looks so tired.What’s wrong？ —She’ll take an exam，but I don’t think she should push 　　　　so hard. A.myself B.yourself C.herself D.himself 11.The money we collected for the village school isn’t 　　　　.So we should deal with the money wisely. A.ours B.theirs C.mine D.hers 指示代词[单项填空：10年2考] 1.this/these，that/those与one的用法 指示代词 用法 例句 this (复数为 these) 指代离自己较近的人或物 This is my pen. 指代下文将要提到的人或物 Please remember this： No pains，no gains. 用在打电话用语中，介绍自己是谁 Hello！ This is Jane speaking. that (复数为 those) 指代离自己较远的人或物 That’s his book. 常用于比较结构中，代替前面提到的名词，以避免重复 The weather in Kunming is much warmer than that in Beijing now. 用在打电话用语中，询问对方是谁 Hello！Who is that？ one (2018.33) 泛指上文提到的同类异物 The scarves are so beautiful.I want to buy one for my mother. 2.it的用法[2017.32] (1)特指上下文提到的对象是同一事物。如：I put my notebook in my schoolbag，but it’s gone. (2)指代婴儿或身份、姓名不明的人。如： —Who is knocking on the door？ —It may be Jim. (3)指代距离、时间或天气。 如：It’s getting colder and colder. (4)it作形式主语，常用于以下句型： ①It’s＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do sth.做某事对某人来说是……的。 如：It’s very important for us to eat breakfast every day. ②It’s＋adj.＋of sb.＋to do sth.某人做某事是……的。 如：It’s polite of the students to greet teachers every morning. ③It’s time to do/for/that… 是(做)……的时间了。如：It’s time to get up. ④It seems that… 好像/似乎……。 如：It seems/seemed that the boy is very interested in Chinese paintings. ⑤It takes/took (sb.)＋一段时间＋to do sth.做某事花费(某人)多长时间。 如：It took him three hours to get to the train station. ⑥It’s one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。如：It’s your turn to clean the classroom. ⑦It’s believed that… 人们相信……。 如：It’s believed that hard work is the key to achieving our dreams. (5)it作形式宾语，代替由动词不定式或从句等表示的真正宾语，常用在动词find，think，make，consider，feel等词后。 如：I find it important to learn history well. 　 针对训练 12.[2018安徽33题]—The fridges are on sale in the supermarket today. —Really？ Let’s go and buy 　　　　for our new kitchen. A.one　 　B.it　 　C.that　 　D.them 13.[2017安徽32题]—Is this iPad yours？ —Yes.My parents bought 　　　　for my language learning. A.one B.it C.other D.another 14.[2025合肥包河区三模]—These spaceship models look so amazing！ —You can pick 　　　　if you like.I have collected them for long. A.it B.one C.this D.that 15.The students who do best in examinations are not always 　　　　with the best brains. A.one B.it C.those D.that 16.—Look！ There’s a special exhibition about Traditional Chinese Medicine.Will you go？ —Sure.　　　　will be a good chance to learn about TCM culture. A.This B.That C.These D.Those 17.[2025蚌埠二模]—Dad，why is 　　　　important to have friends？ —Whenever you have difficulties，friends are always there lending you a hand. A.it B.this C.that D.one 18.—Which of 　　　　do you prefer，this pen or that one？ —I like this one.It writes more smoothly. A.these B.that C.this D.those 19.—I review my notes for ten minutes after each class. —That’s a great method.Our teacher recommends doing 　　　　to improve our memory. A.those B.it C.one D.this 20.—Are these cars made in Japan？ —Yes，and they’re much cheaper than 　　　　in America. A.that B.those C.it D.one 不定代词[10年5考] ▶考向1　普通不定代词[2016.33] 1.both，either，neither，all与 none 代词 含义及用法 both 两者都。作主语时，谓语动词用复数。常用搭配：both…and… ……和……都 either (2016.33) 两者中的任意一个。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 常用搭配：either…or…或者……或者…… neither 两者都不。连接并列主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近一致”原则。 常用搭配：neither…nor…既不……也不…… all 三者及以上都。常与of连用 none 三者及以上都不。常与of连用 2.none与no one 代词 用法辨析 none 指代 人或物 可与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式均可 no one 常指 代人 不与of连用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式 3.other，the other，others，the others与another 考点 含义及用法 other “别的；其他的”。泛指，可修饰名词。each other互相；彼此 the other one…the other…一个……另一个……(特指两者中的另一个) others some…others…一些……另一些……(除去一部分后的另一些，但不是剩余全部) the others some…the others...一些……剩余全部……。the others ＝ the other＋可数名词复数，表示其余全部 another 再一个，另一个(三者或三者以上中另一个) 4.a little，little，a few与few[详见本书第一部分P8] 5.each与every 相同点 均表示“每个；各个”；“each/every＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式 不同点 each用作形容词、代词，可单独使用 every仅作定语，不可单独使用 each强调个体 every强调整体 each指两者或两者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” every指三者或三者以上的人或事物中的“每一个” each后可加of短语 every后不可加of短语 6.many与much 相同点 均表示“很多，许多”，可在句中作主语、宾语、定语 不同点 many 指代或修饰可数名词复数 much 指代或修饰不可数名词 7.some与any 相同点 均可修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，表示“一些”，即不确定的数量、数目 不同点 some 一般用于肯定句中，也可用于表示建议或请求的疑问句中，表示说话人希望得到肯定的回答 any 多用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中，用于肯定句时表示“任何(一个、一些)” ▶考向2　复合不定代词[10年4考] 1.初中常见的复合不定代词 前缀后缀 some- (肯定) any- (否定/ 肯定) every- (肯定) no- (否定) -one(指人) someone 某人 anyone 任何人 everyone 每人，人人 no one 没有人 -body(指人) somebody 某人 anybody 任何人 everybody 每人，人人 nobody 没有人 -thing(指物) something 某事 anything 任何事 everything 每一件事 nothing 没有东西 2.复合不定代词的用法 用法 例句 由some和any构成的复合不定代词的用法与some和any的用法基本相同 We need someone to come up with new ideas. She wasn’t anybody before she got that job. 形容词或else修饰复合不定代词时需后置 There is something interesting in the book. 复合不定代词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式 Somebody is talking in the empty house. 含复合不定代词的常用句型 There is something/nothing wrong with… ……出问题了/没有问题。 There is nothing wrong with the car. A have/has something/nothing to do with B　A和B有关/无关 Her job has something to do with computers. sb.can do nothing but… 某人什么都不能做，除了…… Be patient，anyway，you can do nothing but wait. 【拓展】somebody，anybody可指有一点地位或小有名气的人物；nobody指没有地位或默默无闻的人物。something往往指了不起的东西；nothing指无关紧要的东西。 　 针对训练 21.[2022安徽22题]—I have 　　　　but praise for the police because they often help people out of trouble. —Yes，they’re well worth praising. A.everything B.nothing C.anything D.something 22.[2020安徽26题]—This time，we must depend on ourselves to solve the problem. —I agree.　　　　but we ourselves can find a way out. A.Everybody B.Nobody C.Somebody D.Anybody 23.[2019安徽33题]Could you stay a little longer？ I have 　　　　more to tell you about the plan for tomorrow. A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing 24.[2016安徽33题]Helen has got two brothers.　　　　of them likes chocolate，but she loves it. A.Neither B.None C.Each D.Any 25.[2025湖北武汉]—Sally，we should include 　　　　of our members in the group activity. —Yes，nobody should be left out. A.all B.some C.few D.none 26.[2025合肥蜀山区二模]—The school library has added hundreds of new books this term. —I borrowed 　　　　last week.They are worth reading. A.it B.one C.some D.them 27.—I picked five books and read 　　　　of them during the holiday. —I guess you have learned a lot. A.none B.either C.both D.each 28.—Mount Huangshan and Mount Jiuhuashan are well-known to millions of people. —Yes.As people in Anhui，we take pride in 　　　　of them. A.both B.all C.neither D.any 29.—There are lots of storybooks here，and 　　　　of them is easy to understand. —No wonder so many kids like spending time here. A.each B.all C.none D.both 30.—To go abroad or not to go after graduation，it’s a question. —You can take 　　　　of the roads.But being home in the end matters. A.neither B.both C.either D.none 31.—Each of you has 　　　　that you’re good at，and your friends have theirs. —I agree.We should learn from each other. A.everything B.nothing C.something D.anything 32.—The best things in life are free. —I couldn’t agree more.Air costs 　　　　，but we can’t live without it. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 33.Mike is popular with all the students because he is friendly to 　　　　. A.anyone B.someone C.everyone D.no one 34.—I feel like I have forgotten 　　　　I studied last week！ —Don’t worry.Try taking a deep breath.It helps bring back memories. A.nothing B.something C.anything D.everything 35.After running for an hour，I hardly had 　　　　energy left to climb the stairs. A.little B.many C.any D.few 36.—We had several plans for the weekend，but 　　　　of them worked. —Don’t worry.We’ll find something fun to do next time. A.both B.neither C.either D.none 37.—Mary is a very kind and honest girl，isn’t she？ —Of course.She never says 　　　　bad about others behind their backs. A.anything B.something C.everything D.nothing 疑问代词 疑问代词是用来构成特殊疑问句的代词，一般放在句首；引导从句时，称为连接代词。 疑问 代词 含义 用法 例句 who 谁 (主格) 用于询问人，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 Who told you the news？(作主语) Who did you meet there？(作宾语) Who is your English teacher？(作表语) whom 谁 (宾格) 用于询问人，在句中作宾语 Whom are you talking with？ whose 谁的 用于询问所属关系，在句中作定语或表语 Whose book is that？(作定语) Whose is the shirt？(作表语) what 什么 用于询问事件、东西、职业等，在句中作主语、宾语或表语 What is in your bag？(作主语) What do you like？(作宾语) What is this？(作表语) which 哪一个 指在一定范围内的人或物，在句中作主语或宾语 Which is my seat？(作主语) Which do you like best？(作宾语) 　 针对训练 38.—　　　　 is your sister？ Is she still a teacher in the university？ —No，she is a director right now. A.Who 　B.How 　C.Where 　D.What 39.—　　　　 subject do you find more difficult，Chemistry or Biology？ —Chemistry，because it requires more memorization. A.What B.Which C.Who D.Whose 40.—　　　　 do you think Bob takes after，his father or his mother？ —His mother，for they are both interested in science. A.Which B.Whom C.What D.Whose 41.—　　　　 did you learn from the volunteer activity last week？ —I learned that helping others can bring us great joy. A.What B.Who C.Which D.Whose 42.—　　　　 is your best friend？ —Jenny.She always encourages me to study hard and never give up. A.Whom B.What C.Whose D.Who 专题五　数词 [近10年未考] Ⅰ.单项填空 1.[2025四川广元]My old grandfather is in his 　　　　，but he can still do some gardening and look after himself well. A.nineteen　　　　　　B.ninety C.ninetieth D.nineties 2.The weather in Kunming is so comfortable and I have been there 　　　　times.If possible，I still want to go there a 　　　　time. A.three； fourth B.third； fourth C.three； four D.third； four 3.—Would you like another cup of tea，Jenny？ —Thank you anyway.I’ve already had one cup，and I’m drinking the 　　　　cup. A.one B.first C.two D.second 4.—What do you think of the environment here？ —Wonderful！ 　　　　of the land 　　　　covered with trees and grass. A.Two fifths； are B.Two fifth； is C.Two fifths； is D.Second five； are 5.The Dragon Boat Festival is on 　　　　day of 　　　　month in the Chinese lunar calendar. A.five； five B.five； the fifth C.the fifth； five D.the fifth； the fifth 6.There are 　　　　solar terms(节气) in a year.Lichun is the first one. A.twenty-four B.twenty-fourth C.the twenty-fourth D.the twenty-four 7.Our school library houses over 　　　　books，covering all kinds of subjects from ancient history to modern science. A.two thousands B.two thousand C.thousand of D.two thousand of 8.—Students in our school planted 　　　　trees on last Sunday. —Good job！ Everyone can do something to make our town greener. A.hundred B.hundreds C.hundreds of D.five hundreds 9.—How do you keep fit？ —I live on 　　　　floor.I walk upstairsinstead of taking the lift every day. A.twelve B.the twelve C.the twelfth D.twelfth Ⅱ.翻译句子 10.每天有上百万的游客来中国旅行。 There are 　　　　　　　　tourists coming to China every day. 11.村民们建造了400个鸟屋，为小鸟们提供温暖的过冬场所。 The villagers built 　　　　　　　　birdhouses to give small birds warm homes in winter. 12.屠呦呦在她八十多岁时获得了诺贝尔医学奖。 Tu Youyou won the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 　　　　　　　　. 13.中国皮影戏是一项有着一千多年历史的非物质文化遗产。 Chinese shadow play is an intangible cultural heritage with a history of over 　　　　　　　　years. 14.每天都有成千上万的人在天安门广场等待观看升国旗仪式。 Every day，　　　　　　　　people wait to watch the raising of the national flag at Tian’anmen Square. 专题六　介词 [考查题型：单项填空、完形填空] 介词的基本用法[10年6考] ▶考向1　时间介词 介词 用法 示例 at 用在具体的时刻或黎明、正午、黄昏、午夜前 at 8：00　　at noon 用于年龄前 at the age of 15 on 用在具体的某一天前或特定某一天的上午/下午/晚上前 on June 1st on a cold winter day 用在星期、节日前 on Monday on Teachers’ Day in 用在世纪、年代、朝代、季节、年、月前 in the 21st century in the 1980s　 in 2025　 in October　 in spring 泛指某一天的早、中、晚 in the morning in＋一段时间，表示在一段时间之后，用于将来时 Dinner will be ready in 10 minutes. during 在……期间 during the summer holiday for for＋一段时间，表示动作延续多久，主句常用现在完成时或一般过去时 We haven’t seen each other for years. since 后接过去的某一时间点或过去时的句子，表示“自……以来”，常用于现在完成时 Mr.Li has taught maths in this school since 2003. from 后接时间的起点，表示“从……起”。常用搭配：from… to… 从……到…… from Monday to Friday before 后接时间点，表示“在……之前” I must finish all the work before ten o’clock. after after＋时间点，表示“在……之后”，多用于一般将来时 I will be back after 3 o’clock. after＋时间段，表示“在……之后”，多用于一般过去时 Tom finished school after 3 years. by by＋时间点，表示“截止到……；不迟于……” The project must be finished by Friday. until/ till “直到……”，与延续性动词连用 I waited for him until/till 10 o’clock. not… until…，表示“直到……才……”，与瞬间性动词连用 He didn’t come back until 10 o’clock. ▶考向2　方位介词[10年3考] 1.on，in，to与at 介词 含义及用法 示例 on 表示“在……(的表面)上”(即：) on the desk on the wall 表示A地位于B地的外部且接壤 (即：) Hunan Province lies on the west of Jiangxi Province.(湖南省同江西省接壤) in 表示“在(大地方)”、“在……内部”或“在……范围之内”(即：) in China in the north in the box 表示A地属于B地(即：) Hainan lies in the southeast of China.(海南是中国的一部分) at 表示“在(小地方)”或“在……附近，旁边”(即：) at the airport at the station at Park Street to 表示“到……” This road leads to London. 表示“在……范围之外”，即A、B两地不接壤(即：) Japan lies to the east of China.(日本在中国的范围之外，且和中国不接壤) 2.over，under，above与below 介词 含义及用法 例句 over “在……正上方”，表示两者不接触但垂直 We can build a bridge over the river. under “在……正下方”，表示两者不接触但垂直 My cat is lying under the chair. above “在……上方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The plane is flyingabove the clouds. below “在……下方”，表示两者不接触，不一定垂直 The coat reaches below the knees. 【一图辨析】 3.across，cross，through，over与past [讲解详见本册第一部分P23] 4.其他常见方位介词[10年3考] 介词 含义 例句 by (2019. 38) 在……旁边；靠近 Jane stood by the window. around 在……周围 She put some flowers around her bed. 在那边；从那边 Our house is just around the corner. 到处；向各处 They walked around the town looking for a place to eat. along 顺着；沿着…… They walked back along the riverside. outside 在……外面 The car was still outside the building. inside 在……里面 There was a telephone inside the office. behind (2017.38， 2016.53) 在……后面 Li Lei is behind the door. beside 在……旁边 Come and sit beside me. into 到……里 面；进入 Come into the house. near 在……附近 My home is near the school. opposite 与……相对； 在……对面 Their house is almost opposite ours. in front of 在…… (外部的)前面 There’s a bus stop in front of the house. in the front of 在…… (内部的)前面 Our teacher stands in the front of the classroom. next to 在……附近、 旁边；紧邻…… Our house is the one next to the school. ▶考向3　方式介词 介词 用法 示例 by by＋表示交通工具的单数名词，且名词前不加任何修饰词 by plane by bus by subway “by＋名词/动名词”表示凭借某种工具或手段 by hand by selling flowers in in＋封闭的交通工具，且名词前有限定词 Alan goes to work in his sister’s car. in＋某种材料/语言/声音等 in English on on＋开放型或大型交通工具，且名词前有限定词；固定搭配除外，如：on foot My father goes to work on a bus every morning. 表示通过网络、电话、收音机、电视等 They talked on the phone. with 表示“用；以；借助于”，其后常接具体的工具 I wrote the letter with a pen. ▶考向4　其他常考介词[10年3考] 介词 含义及用法 示例 about 关于(某人或某事) At the museum，I learned a lot about robots. 大约；此处当副词讲，后接数词 There are about six books in my bag. across 在……对面 There is a big park across from the supermarket. 在……各处；遍及 across the world against (2018. 36) 反对，违反；倚，靠 No shouting，please！It’s against the rules. 与……比赛 I am in our school team and we are going to play against another school next week. as 作为；以……身份 She works as a teacher. 像，如同，跟……一样 He speaks English as an Englishman. except 除了……之外(没有)，不包括后面所提到的人或物 Everyone is very happy except Tina. for (2021. 24) 因为，由于 Thank you for helping me. 为了(表目的) Let’s go for a walk. 给(对象、用途等) I’m writing a poem for Grandma. 赞成(常与系动词be连用) I think you’ll be for my opinion. from 来自；源于；出自(表示来源) This gift is from my friend. 从……(到……)(表示幅度或范围) The store is open from 8 a.m.to 10 p.m. 使免遭；使免受(表示防止) He tried to keep him from falling. like (2023. 26) 相似，类似，像 She was like a princess in a fairy tale. 例如，比如 Jane likes many sports，like running and swimming. through 通过；以，凭借；贯穿；自始至终 Go through this gate，and you’ll see the house on your left. You can only achieve success through hard work. under 低于，少于，在……以下(表示数量、年龄等) Children under 5 can travel half price. with 和……在一起，和，同 She came to school with her classmates. 有，具有 There is a girl with a red hat under the tree. 随着，由于 With the development of society，people pay more attention to their health. without 没有，缺乏 He found the place without any difficulty. 不和……在一起；无……相伴 Don’t go without your parents！ 不(做某事)，无 He left without saying anything. besides “除……之外，还有……” Besides Beijing，I have been to Shanghai. among 在……之间(三者及三者以上) The woman who is standing among the students is Lily’s mother. between 在……之间(两者)；常用词组：between…and… I will be back between five and six. towards 朝；向；对着 She stood up and walked towards him. 介词短语[10年4考] [具体内容见《课标词汇记背》P86“类别三 介词短语”] Ⅰ.单项填空 1.[2023安徽26题]Do whatever you can for the community，　　　　looking after the old or teaching kids art. A.with　　B.under　　C.like　　D.over 2.[2019安徽38题]On sunny days，my grandma often reads a novel 　　　　the window. A.by B.for C.with D.from 3.[2017安徽38题]To my pleasure，my family is always 　　　　me whatever I decide to do. A.above B.behind C.from D.through 4.[2025合肥蜀山区一模]Water sports like swimming can help us stay 　　　，and it in turn keeps us healthy. A.in shape B.in order C.in place D.in touch 5.[2025合肥蜀山区二模]Silk Road traders traveled 　　　　deserts and mountains to connect Eastern and Western cultures. A.across B.above C.around D.past 6.[2025江苏扬州二模]The joy of using VR technology to travel around our hometown Yangzhou is really 　　　　words. A.through B.across C.against D.beyond 7.—Did you and your parents join the trip？ —Yes.　　　　us，the Greens also went to the amusement park. A.Besides B.For C.Among D.Behind 8.—I saw Mr Li in his office just now. —No，it can’t be him.He has gone to Hangzhou and will be back 　　　　two days. A.with B.in C.for D.on 9.—What’s the hardest part for you in paper cutting？ —Well，I think cutting out shapes 　　　　my scissors is the most difficult. A.by B.to C.with D.from 10.Tim came to know the meaning of farming 　　　　his two-month experience in the countryside. A.through B.besides C.except D.without 11.—Why are you so strongly 　　　　keeping animals in the zoo？ —I think animals also have the right to enjoy freedom. A.on B.for C.in D.against 12.If success is a gate，the road 　　　　this gate must be made up of difficulties. A.towards B.opposite C.against D.by 13.—Is the man 　　　　a white shirt your new teacher？ —Yes.His lessons are interesting，so he is popular 　　　　students. A.with； between B.in； among C.in； between D.with； among 14.—Your father looks strong.How does he keep fit？ —He has a habit of jogging 　　　　Qianzi Lake for 30 minutes every morning. A.along B.through C.above D.between 15.—You should say hello to your teachers and classmates when you meet them in the morning. —Yes，it shows respect 　　　　them. A.for B.at C.with D.from 16.The library is 　　　　the school gate，making it easy for students to visit. A.over B.except C.opposite D.against 17.When we have problems with our study，teachers will be with us 　　　　the end. A.by B.till C.over D.at 18.For many parents，love means giving 　　　　expecting their children to give anything back. A.off B.from C.against D.without 19.After school，I try to use any possible time to review the things I have learned 　　　　the day. A.before B.from C.during D.on 20.—I wonder how you manage to save pocket money. —I usually make a shopping list 　　　　going shopping. A.from B.at C.before D.by 21.—How is your journey to England？ —Everything is OK 　　　　food.Maybe we aren’t used to their food. A.against B.except C.with D.above 22.—Eric，I think cooking is an important skill for teenagers. —I agree with you.I have learned to cook a couple of dishes 　　　　last year. A.after B.until C.since D.during 23.The English speech competition brought out the best in her.　　　　，she is more active now. A.Above all B.As a result C.As usual D.For example 24.—I’m worried I can’t finish my project next week. —Don’t worry，Jack！ If you work hard and stay organized，you’ll finish it 　　　　. A.by chance B.in return C.as usual D.on time 25.—It is reported that the fire was no longer burning and the situation was under control. —　　　　 the firefighters and the volunteers，people there are safe now. A.According to B.Thanks to C.Instead of D.As for 26.If you want to pick up a skill，you must try it 　　　　instead of just daydreaming. A.in person B.in silence C.on time D.on air 27.—What’s your hobby，Andy？ —Well，I have many hobbies，　　　　drawing，dancing and collecting stamps. A.as for B.according to C.such as D.instead of 28.—I feel terrible for spilling(溅) water on your homework. —Don’t worry.I understand you didn’t do it 　　　　. A.on purpose B.as usual C.at present D.in time 29.—Sorry，I didn’t win a prize in the sports competition. —Never mind.　　　　，you’ve tried your best. A.After all B.In general C.At last D.For example 30.—Recently robots have gradually taken over simple and boring jobs. —　　　　，it’s believed that our life must be more and more convenient. A.After all B.In that case C.For example D.Above all 31.—Lily，why did you collect the old books in our community yesterday？ —Because I wanted to give them to those 　　　　. A.on duty B.in need C.on show D.in danger 32.—I put my umbrella under the front desk in the library，but I can’t find it now. —Perhaps someone took it 　　　　. A.by mistake B.in hand C.in time D.by accident 33.I read the book about the stars and learned that the one 　　　　us tonight is called Polaris. A.against B.like C.above D.between 34.Jack understood his parents more after working in the field 　　　　the summer holiday. A.since B.between C.during D.from Ⅱ.完形填空微语篇 冰箱贴：艺术与生活共融的文创产品 Have you ever bought fridge magnets(冰箱贴)？ They are popular 　35　 young people.They are usually not too expensive，easy to carry and show local cultural characters. There are various fridge magnets.Some are designed in the shape of cute animals like pandas，cats，and rabbits.Others show famous places 　36　 the Great Wall in China or the Eiffel Tower in Paris.They are all full of bright，beautiful colors.Many people collect them when they go on a trip or get them from friends 　37　 gifts.Each magnet then becomes a reminder of a special place or moment. They not only make our fridges look pretty but also are 　38　.We can use them to stick important notes on the fridge door.For example，we can remind ourselves of family birthdays，school events，or shopping lists.They can also hold up kids’ drawings.In this way，we won’t 　39　 important things. (　　)35.A.between　　　　B.among C.under D.around (　　)36.A.like B.with C.to D.against (　　)37.A.for B.except C.as D.from (　　)38.A.amazing B.useful C.awful D.bright (　　)39.A.learn B.discuss C.find D.forget 专题七　冠词 [近10年未考] 不定冠词a，an 1.基本用法 用法 示例 表示数量“一”，相当于one There are usually 4 students in a study group. 泛指某一类人或事物中的一个或一类 A car is a convenient means of transportation. 泛指人或物的身份或性质 A doctor can save people’s lives. 用于第一次提到的可数名词单数前 I saw a dog on the street. 用于序数词前，表示“再一，又一” I won’t give him a second chance. 表示“每一”，相当于every I go to the library three times a week. 用在某些抽象名词或物质名词前，表示“一阵、一份、一场”等 a great joy　　a heavy rain a strong wind 2.a，an的区别 (1)a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前。如： He told me a very funny story. (2)an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。如： She is an excellent student. 【注意】有一些词虽然是以辅音字母开头，但是以元音音素开头，要用an。如： an honest boy，an hour (3)下表是常见的以元音字母开头的单词用a/an的各种情况： A a an apple　　an artist　　an Asian country E e a European country　　an exciting job an egg an eight-year-old boy I i an idea　　　　 　　an interesting story O o an orange　an old man 　an outgoing girl U u a useful book　　 　　　a university student a UFO　 a usual story an unhappy girl an umbrella　an ugly man an unusual day (4)26个英文字母中，前面用an的字母要牢记： a，e，f，h，i，l，m，n，o，r，s，x。 3.不定冠词的固定搭配 动词 词组 　　　 　　　　　　 give a hand给予帮助 have a cold感冒 keep a diary记日记 make a living谋生 pay a visit to拜访 take a walk散步 take a photo拍照 come to an end结束 介词 词组 　　　 　　　　　　 in a hurry 匆忙 in a moment立刻 as a result 结果 in a word 总之 其他 词组 　 　　 　　　　　　 a little/few 一点儿 a lot of许多 a pair/piece/group/bottle of一双/张/组/瓶 定冠词the 1.基本用法 用法 示例 用在谈话双方都知道的人或事物前 Give me the pen，please！ 特指上文已提过的人或事物 My mother bought me a book.The book was interesting. 用在世界上独一无二的事物前 The earth moves around the sun. 用在序数词前和形容词最高级前(副词最高级前可以省略) The second girl is the shortest，but she runs (the) fastest of all.(句中fast是副词) 用于形容词前，表示一类人或事物 The young should be polite to the old. 用于可数名词单数前，表示一类人或物 The shark is the most dangerous animal in the sea. 用于姓氏复数前表示一家人或夫妇二人 The Whites are going to have a picnic tomorrow. 用在表示方位的名词前 Xinjiang lies in the northwest of China. 用在与play连用的乐器前 He plays the piano very well. 用在与普通名词构成的专有名词前 the Great Wall the Summer Palace 用在江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛等的名称前 The West Lake is very beautiful. 【注意】我国含有“Festival”的传统节日前，要加定冠词the，如：the Spring Festival 2.定冠词的固定搭配 介词词组 　　　　　　　 　　 in the end最后 on the left在左边 by the way顺便说一下 at the age of在……岁时 at the same time同时 in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上 with the help of在……的帮助下 动词词组 go to the cinema去看电影 go to the station去车站 其他词组 the number of ……的数量 all the time一直 to tell the truth说实话 句型 What’s the matter with you？你怎么了？ 零冠词 1.基本用法 用法 示例 用于西方节日、星期、月份、季节等名词前 Thanksgiving Day感恩节 on Monday在星期一 in May在五月 in summer在夏天 用于一日三餐、球类运动、语言、学科、棋类游戏等名词前 have lunch吃午饭 play football踢足球 in English用英语 play chess下国际象棋 复数名词泛指一类人或事物 Children like to make snowmen in winter. 用于与by连用的交通工具名词前 by car/bus/plane/subway/… 乘轿车/公交车/飞机/地铁/…… 名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、疑问代词或名词所有格修饰 my brother我的弟弟 that girl那个女孩 用于某些专有名词(人名、地名、国家名)、物质名词、抽象名词前 live in Hong Kong住在香港 Courage is very valuable.勇气是非常宝贵的。 2.零冠词的固定搭配 介词 词组 　　　　　　　　 at home在家 at work在上班 at first起初 at last最后 at noon在中午 at night在晚上 at once立刻 by mistake错误地 by hand手工 in danger处于危险中 in time及时 in fact 事实上 in need 在困境中 in order 井然有序 in space在太空 in trouble处于困境 in class在上课 for example例如 on time按时 on foot步行 on show展览 on business 出差 动词 词组 go to school/work去上学/去上班 have fun玩得开心　go to bed上床睡觉 learn by heart背诵　lose heart灰心 名词 词组 day and night日日夜夜 face to face 面对面 step by step逐步地 根据语境填入适当的冠词 1.[2025黑龙江绥化改编]There was 　　　　one-meter-tall robot welcoming me when I went into the bank. 2.I got a hat as a birthday present.　　　　hat is very beautiful and I wore it all weekend. 3.To 　　　　blind，dogs are family members as well as their eyes，helping them walk around. 4.The students had 　　　　unforgettable trip to the science museum last Friday. 5.To make full use of 　　　　15-minute break，many schools have organized many interesting activities. 6.I believe English is not just 　　　　language—it also gives people the chance to see the world differently. 7.The Yangko Dance is one of 　　　　mosttraditional Chinese folk dances created by farmers. 专题八　连词 [考查题型：单项填空、完形填空] 并列连词(组)[10年5考] 1.并列连词的用法[10年5考] 并列 连词 含义及用法 例句 and (2019. 36) “和；并且”，表并列或顺承关系 He came into the classroom and put his schoolbag on the desk. 用于“祈使句，and＋陈述句”结构，相当于“If you…，you will…” Be careful，and you will make fewer mistakes.＝If you are careful，you will make fewer mistakes. or (2017. 36) 意为“或者”，表选择关系 Do you want to go to the zoo or the museum？ 意为“否则”，用于“祈使句，or＋陈述句”结构，相当于“If … don’t…，… will…” Please hurry up，or we’ll miss the last bus.＝If we don’t hurry up，we’ll miss the last bus. but (10年 3考) 意为“但是”，表转折关系，不能与though，although 连用 I failed again，but I won’t give up. so 意为“因此，所以”，表因果关系，不能与because，since或as等连用 It’s raining heavily now，so we have to put off the sports meeting. while 意为“而，然而”，用来表示前后意义的对比关系 I like eating fruit and vegetables while my little brother likes hamburgers. for 意为“因为”，表示原因，for前一般有逗号(注意：回答why提出的问题只能用because) Li Hua likes to read history books，for they are interesting and meaningful. 2.并列连词词组的用法 并列连词 词组 含义及用法 例句 both… and… “……和……都”，谓语动词用复数形式 Both she and I do well in English. not only… but also… “不仅……而且……”，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” Not only you but also he wants to buy the book. either… or… “或者……或者……”，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” Either you or he is wrong. neither… nor… “既不……也不……”，谓语动词的数遵循“就近原则” Neither he nor his children like fish. as well as “和；以及；还有”，谓语动词的数由as well as前面的词决定 My parents as well as I are going to the party. 　 针对训练 1.[2019安徽36题]A better future is the goal of the Chinese people，　　　　it’s also the common interest of the world. A.so　　 B.and　　 C.or　　 D.but 2.[2018安徽41题]—Will you go to the picnic this Saturday？ —I’d like to，　　　　I’ll have to help look after my baby sister. A.but B.or C.and D.so 3.[2017安徽36题]Hold your dream，　　　　you might regret some day. A.and B.or C.but D.so 4.[2025江苏扬州]　　　　 the whole of this article 　　　　any part of it will be published unless the writer agrees. A.Either； or B.Neither； nor C.Not only； but also D.Both； and 5.Time will not come back，　　　　we must make full use of it every day. A.so B.but C.or D.and 6.Technology helps us a lot，　　　　we shouldn’t allow it to control our lives. A.and B.so C.or D.but 7.Put on your safety belt，　　　　you may get hurt when the car stops suddenly. A.or B.but C.so D.while 8.—What’s your family like？ —I have a big family，　　　　we love each other very much. A.but B.and C.or D.so 9.Think carefully before posting online，　　　　your words may be seen by millions of people. A.and B.for C.so D.but 10.—What do you think of citywalk？ —Wonderful.People can learn more about their cities 　　　　save money on traveling. A.as well as B.but C.or D.so 11.—I hear 　　　　your grandma 　　　　your grandpa likes watching Beijing Opera. —Right，just as many old people do in our city，they watch it daily. A.both； and B.either； or C.not only； but also D.neither； nor 12.Chinese chess has a history of more than 2，000 years.Today it still interests 　　　　the young 　　　　the old. A.both； and B.either； or C.not； but D.neither； nor 13.It’s best to learn tai chi from a teacher，so you can 　　　　look for local clubs 　　　　ask about classes at school. A.not only； but also B.either； or C.neither； nor D.both； and 从属连词(组)[必考：每年1～3道] 1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词[10年5考] 从属连 词(组) 含义及用法 例句 when (2025.28) “当……时”，所引导从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词 When I called him last night，he was taking a shower. while “正当……时”，侧重于主从句中的动作同时进行，所引导从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词，且常用进行时 My sister is swimm-ing while I’m play-ing basketball. as (2018.57) “当……时；随着”，强调主从句中的两个动作同时进行 Just as I was leaving the house，the phone rang. before (2024.28， 2018.54) “在……之前”，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前 Please make a plan before you take a trip. after “在……之后”，主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后 You can play football outside after you finish your painting. until (2017.53) ①可互换使用，意为“直到……”； ②until常用在not...until...结构中，表示“直到……才……”；until可用于句首，till不可用于句首 You can stay here until/till the rain stops. She didn’t go to bed until the film was over. till since “自从……以来”，主句用现在完成时或一般现在时，从句用一般过去时 The Smiths have lived here since they came to China. as soon as “一……就……”，引导的从句常用一般现在时表将来，主句用一般将来时 I’ll give the gift to her as soon as she arrives here. once “一旦……”，引导的从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 Once the accident happens，the result will be really terrible. whenever “在任何……时候；无论何时”；引导的从句常用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 Whenever we’re in trouble，they’ll help us. 2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词(组)[10年4考] 从属连 词(组) 含义 用法 例句 if (2023. 28， 2016. 44) 如果 遵循“主将从现”原则，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时 If it is sunny tomorrow，we will go on a picnic. unless (2022. 28， 2019. 44) 如果不；除非(unless可以转化为if…not…结构) You will not remember things well unless you get enough sleep.＝If you don’t get enough sleep，you will not remember things well. as long as 只要 As long as we do small things every day，we will make a big difference. 3.引导原因状语从句的从属连词[10年4考] 从属连词 含义及用法 例句 because (2021.34) 意为“因为”，表示造成某事的直接原因，用来回答why引导的问句 I was late for school because my alarm clock didn’t go off this morning. since 意为“因为；既然”，语气比 because弱 Since we are here，we’d better stop by and see them. as (10年 3考) 意为“由于；因为”，语气比since弱，较口语化 I didn’t buy that jacket as I couldn’t afford it. 【注意】引导原因状语从句的连词不能与so同时用在一个句子中。 4.引导让步状语从句的从属连词(组)[10年2考] 从属连词 (组) 含义及用法 例句 though/ although “虽然；尽管”，引导让步状语从句时不能与but连用 My grandfather keeps running every morning although he is in his seventies. even though/ even if Even if he was gett-ing angry，his voice remained calm. whether “不管……(还是)；或者……(或者)；是否”，常用于“whether...or not”及“whether...or...”句型中 Whether I remind you or not，you should take your work seriously. wh-ever类 “无论……”，相当于no matter＋特殊疑问词(what/where/when/…) Whenever you need me，I will always be there. 5.引导目的状语从句的从属连词(组) 从属连词 (组) 含义及用法 例句 so that 意为“以便于……”，引导的从句一般只能放在主句之后 I’m going to improve my English so that I can be an English teacher in the future. in order that 意为“为了……”，引导的从句可放在主句前或主句后 You’d better speak louder in order that you can be heard by all. 6.引导结果状语从句的从属连词(组)[讲解详见本册第一部分P36] 7.引导方式状语从句的从属连词(组) 从属连词 (组) 含义及用法 例句 as “正如；按照……方式”，从句置于主句后 You must do as I told you. as if/as though “似乎，好像” She laughs as if the sun shines in her heart. 　针对训练 Ⅰ.单项填空 14.[2025安徽28题]Come on！ You’ll discover a new side of yourself 　　　　you get through all the difficulties. A.when　　　　　　　B.as if C.unless D.even though 15.[2024安徽28题]—There is still a long way to go 　　　　we finish the task. —Don’t worry.Let’s go on with it together. A.as long as B.as soon as C.before D.because 16.[2023安徽28题]Our country will be much better for everyone in future 　　　　we all do something to help now. A.if B.before C.so that D.even though 17.[2022安徽28题]You won’t fully experience the culture of a foreign country 　　　　you go there in person. A.because B.unless C.as soon as D.as long as 18.[2020安徽28题]Our English teacher is nice and patient 　　　　she is very strict with us. A.if B.as C.unless D.though 19.[2019安徽44题]Our business won’t improve 　　　　we offer better services to our customers. A.because B.unless C.after D.since 20.[2016安徽44题]Our world will get better and better 　　　　each of us lives a greener life. A.before B.if C.though D.until 21.[2025江苏扬州]The wind power of our country develops more quickly 　　　　we push for green energy. A.though B.before C.as D.until 22.[2025合肥包河区一模]—　　　　 it was the first time to put his medical knowledge into practice，he was fairly nervous. —To our great joy，it turned out that he did it perfectly. A.Since B.Till C.Unless D.While 23.[2025合肥瑶海区一模]Try to help someone in need，　　　　it’s lending a listening ear or offering a praise. A.because B.whether C.though D.unless 24.[2025合肥蜀山区二模]—Fiona，what kind of music do you and your sister prefer？ —I prefer pop music 　　　　my sister enjoys rock music better. A.if B.because C.after D.while 25.[2025合肥第四十五中二模]We should follow traffic rules 　　　　we can protect ourselves from accidents on the road. A.as soon as B.as long as C.even though D.so that 26.[2025合肥第四十五中三模]—I’m always worried about my math grades.I feel so stressed. —Take it easy.　　　　you keep working hard and ask teachers for help，you’ll surely make progress. A.As long as B.Even though C.As soon as D.Ever since 27.[2025合肥第四十五中四模]Sarah promised to help me with my project 　　　　she was very busy herself. A.so that B.ever since C.as if D.even though 28.[2024合肥包河区二模]Steve turns off his phone before reading 　　　　he can focus better on the story later. A.even if B.in order that C.now that D.as soon as 29.[2024合肥蜀山区二模]—Paper cutting is a traditional Chinese art form.But it’s too difficult for me. —You won’t find it difficult 　　　　youdevelop your interest in it. A.though B.even if C.unless D.as long as 30.We’d better take action to solve a problem 　　　　it gets worse. A.before　　B.after　　C.until　　D.since 31.You will never truly understand your parents’ great love 　　　　you grow up. A.if $