2025-2026学年北师大版高一上学期第1-2周英语寒假作业

【2025—2026英语寒假作业】北师版 高一年级 第2周 【词汇冲关】 一、词性转换 1. digit n. （0到9的任何一个）数字，数位 → _________ adj. 数字的，数码的 2. vary v. （根据情况而）变化，改变，不同 → _________ adj. 各种各样的；多种（类型）的 → _________ n. （植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 3. necessary adj. 必要的；必需的 → _________ n. 必需品 4. profession n. （需要掌握专门的知识或技能的）职业，行业 → _________ adj. 专业的，职业的 5. dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的 → _____________ adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 → ______________ n. 独立 → ____________ adv. 独立地，自立地 6. responsibility n. 责任；义务 → _________ adj. 负责的；有责任心的 7. contribute vi. & vt. 是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加 → _____________ n. 贡献 8. replace v. 代替，取代（某物） → ____________ n. 替换的人（物） 9. announce v. 宣布；宣告；通知 → ____________ n. 通告，公告 10. disappoint v. 使失望 → ____________ adj. 失望的；沮丧的 → ____________ adj. 令人失望的；令人沮丧的；令人扫兴的 → ____________ n. 失望；扫兴；沮丧 11. strength n. 力气；力量；体力 → ____________ vi. & vt. （使）强健 12. achieve v. （努力）达到，获得，实现 → ____________ n. 成就，成绩；达到，完成 → ____________ adj. 可完成的；做得成的 13. congratulate v. 祝贺；庆贺；向……道贺 → ____________ n. 恭喜，祝贺 14. expect v. 预计，预料，预期（某事很有可能会发生） → ____________ adj. 期待的，期望的 → ____________ n. 预料；预期；期待 15. describe v. 描述；形容；叙述 → ____________ n. 描述，描写 二、短语冲关 1. not ... anymore ______________________________ 2. let sb down ______________________________ 3. pay off ______________________________ 4. keep up with ______________________________ 5. in case ______________________________ 6. sign up ______________________________ 7. ought to ______________________________ 8. immune system ______________________________ 9. cheer up ______________________________ 10. be fed up with ______________________________ 11. in particular ______________________________ 12. be capable of ______________________________ 13. make sure ______________________________ 14. take advantage of sth ______________________________ 15. Dragon-Boat Festival ______________________________ 16. lunar month ______________________________ 17. put up ______________________________ 18. let off ______________________________ 19. sweep away ______________________________ 20. upside down ______________________________ 21. scare sb / sth away ______________________________ 22. as far as ______________________________ 23. in general ______________________________ 24. make an effort ______________________________ 25. move in ______________________________ 26. over and over ______________________________ 27. catch sb’s eye ______________________________ 28. calm down ______________________________ 三、单句语法填空 1. Nothing gives one more __________ (satisfy) than realising that all the sweat and hard work were worth it _______ the end. 2. The two cyclists made ___________ (amaze) sporting gestures — Navarro for refusing to take advantage of Esteban’s troubles, and Esteban for ___________ (offer) Navarro his medal. 3. Throughout history, some of the original customs _____________ (change), but the spirit of the festival — the spirit of family — has _________ (large) been kept. 4. We always have jiaozi during this time, _________ they mean something special on this occasion — they are a sign of our wishes for health and ___________ (happy) in the coming year. 5. Granny and I made sugar biscuits, ________ (stuff) the turkey and then I sat on my granny’s lap and we ________ (sing) Christmas songs. 6. For weeks I had been working on this, listening to Grandpa’s stories, selecting his favourite music and ___________ (collect) photos from the family album. 【语法突破】 （一） At the Duisburg Zoo, a garden with its moon gates, an arched stone bridge and beautiful pavilions offers an immersive way to experience a classic Chinese garden. The Yingqu Garden has stood 1 a symbol of friendship between Wuhan and the German city of Duisburg, since 1988. Now, engineers from both cities are working together to restore (修复) the garden. The garden is about 2 size of a football pitch, with typical Chinese architectural elements, such as the widely 3 (apply) mortise-and-tenon structures (榫卯结构) decorated with stone lions, trails, and streams. After decades, the garden has been damaged in many places due to aging. Glazed tiles (琉璃瓦) are needed as they add the touch 4 brings the garden to life. But such tiles are 5 (rare) available on the market these days. Despite the challenge, the Wuhan team 6 (obtain) over 10,000 glazed tiles by reaching out to traditional craftspeople, ensuring the restoration stays on track. Upon its official 7 (open) to the public in 1988, the garden 8 (embrace) enthusiastically by the local community. It currently attracts around 800,000 visitors a year and has evolved into a place for 9 (exhibit) Chinese culture, hosting numerous events related to China. It’s been a window for local people 10 (view) Chinese culture for years and will continue the cultural conversation after the restoration. 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________ （二） Aboard China’s space station, the hot air oven 1 (deliver) by the Shenzhou XXI spacecraft has begun baking, as 2 popular video showed astronauts savoring (品味) freshly cooked chicken wings and steaks for the first time. In the video, Shenzhou XXI crew member and space engineer Wu Fei is seen taking marinated chicken wings (腌鸡翅) from a package, placing them on a skewer rack(烤盘), 3 sliding them into the oven, which, after about 28 minutes, 4 (produce) a plate of sizzling, space-made New Orleans chicken wings. Wang Jie from the Shenzhou XX crew and Wu Fei, both from North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region — known 5 its high-quality beef and mutton — also baked a plate of black pepper steaks. The chicken wings and steaks were soon shared among the six astronauts, 6 faces beamed with delight. The space oven has been 7 (significant) upgraded compared with the ovens on Earth. The oven underwent strict testing to ensure they meet the space station’s access conditions and can operate continuously and reliably for up to 500 8 (cycle). Liu Weibo, who was from the China Astronaut Research and Training Center, said that after spending several months in the space station, 9 (be) able to enjoy delicious chicken wings and steaks, or freshly baked peanuts and bread prepared by themselves, would surely bring the astronauts a sense of 10 (happy). 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________ 【阅读基础】 A Ways to save money at the cinema There’s nothing quite like seeing a new film on the big screen! Here’s how to make a few savings at the cinema. Get two tickets for the price of one Buy an insurance policy from Compare the Market and you’ll get free access to Meerkat Movies, which offers two for the price of one on tickets every Tuesday or Wednesday. Fortunately, there’s a chance to get this for around £1. All you need to do is buy a single day UK travel insurance! Get some free tickets The Club Lloyds current account offers six free tickets to use at Odeon or Vue and you’ll get these within a month of opening the account. You’ll need to add £2,000 to the account to cancel out a £3 monthly charge, but that money doesn’t need to be in one go or stay there — you can draw it straight back out. Buy special offer tickets From time to time there are deals running that offer cut price tickets. Sites like Groupon often sell bundles (套票) for the likes of Odeon and Vue that work out around £4 or £5 each. Other deals include National Cinema Day (usually in September) when all tickets are £3. 1. Why are you advised to buy an insurance policy from Compare the Market? A. To see new films for free. B. To travel UK for a single day. C. To access Meerkat Movies regularly. D. To make a few savings at the cinema. 2. What is the advantage of adding £2,000 to the Club Lloyds account? A. You can avoid a £3 monthly charge. B. You can get free tickets every month. C. You can have more free cinema tickets. D. You can get tickets in a convenient way. 3. How much do you pay for buying 3 cut price tickets on National Cinema Day? A. £3. B. £9. C. £12. D. £15. B The sound of my mother preparing breakfast fills the house — my morning alarm. As I walk toward the kitchen, I’m greeted by my mother standing over the cooker. She effortlessly cooks a dish that mixes Western and Eastern styles, a beloved breakfast classic in our family. This is my grandmother’s recipe. Since my grandmother’s passing, I’ve become more aware of my mother’s aging and her devotion to cooking for us. She has cooked for her family for more than 30 years, dividing her time between three countries — Korea, Canada and Germany. When my parents visit us from Korea, they stay with us for several months. My mother helps around the house, showing her cooking skills to provide delicious meals for me, my husband and our kids. In every other year, she and my dad will travel to Berlin to spend a couple of weeks with my sister and her husband. According to Statista, most Canadians report spending between 31 and 60 minutes preparing an average weekday dinner for themselves and others in their houses. Ten percent stated that they spend more than an hour preparing their evening meal. My mother belongs to that 10 percent. Her cooking goes beyond the kitchen, starting with careful grocery shopping trips where she examines produce and finds the best deals. She takes everyone’s preferences and needs into account. The meal she creates becomes a ritual (仪式), bringing the family together to connect and share. Helping her out in the kitchen requires a great deal of patience. Yet, I know it’s her way of expressing love. As I prepare the vegetables, she notices that my carrots are not evenly sized. She pushes me aside to take over the task. “Just do the dishes.” 1. What do we know about the author’s mother from paragraph 2? A. She has great cooking skills. B. She has more than two children. C. She lives with the author in Korea. D. She invented the family beloved breakfast classic. 2. What’s the purpose of listing data about meal preparation time? A. To show her mother’s love. B. To present a common problem. C. To stress the importance of home-cooked meals. D. To explain the reasons behind infrequent cooking. 3. What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the last paragraph? A. Her mother dislikes being bothered. B. Her mother expects perfection in cooking. C. Her mother gets angry easily. D. Her mother wants to teach her everything. 4. What is the key message conveyed in the text? A. Mother’s recipe is the best in the world. B. Mother’s love needs to be responded to. C. Mother’s selflessness inspires my family. D. Mother’s kitchen draws us closer together. 完形填空 I’m Jane who wants to share a journey of my discovery. I 1 with a Bachelor of Arts and continued my work in 2 through my 20s. My 3 was my life. I spent numerous 14-hour days in practice and performed eight shows a week. All this forced me to 4 trips and classes, and to my despair, I was 5 advised to apply myself to my job. One day I 6 and reexamined myself. Was I afraid of letting go of something I was devoted to? The answer was that the most 7 parts of my life were the one spent with those I loved — not on a stage. That led to a 8 in direction — a career path that allowed me to spend more time with my family. So I arrived at Columbia Business School to 9 my MBA for building a career in consulting which could make me 10 . But the world I was entering felt all 11 . My peers were working day and night. I was offered opportunities and considered for roles that I later found out required 12 late-night calls. I was told ending work before midnight was ridiculous. Gradually, I realized having my own business would 13 — I started one consulting company. At Columbia, I interviewed many business leaders sharing that the advice they had ever given their younger 14 was not to spend much time working. They wished they had gone to their kids’ sports games more often. I taped their 15 to my wall, as a reminder that what matters is how you live, not how you work. 1. A. sided B. titled C. graduated D. engaged 2. A. painting B. acting C. editing D. sowing 3. A. cause B. passion C. outcome D. motivation 4. A. possess B. acquire C. miss D. schedule 5. A. occasionally B. constantly C. barely D. respectively 6. A. slowed down B. tested out C. settled on D. gave away 7. A. bitter B. demanding C. complicated D. meaningful 8. A. reputation B. barrier C. shift D. consequence 9. A. appoint B. pursue C. invest D. guarantee 10. A. depressed B. torn C. adorable D. refreshed 11. A. familiar B. awesome C. striking D. dismissive 12. A. effortless B. effective C. tolerant D. consistent 13. A. count B. affect C. emerge D. disappear 14. A. neighbors B. selves C. relatives D. friends 15. A. appeals B. requests C. insights D. doubts 【阅读提升】 C Hibernation (冬眠) is a way for many creatures to survive cold, dark winters without migrating to somewhere warmer. The main features of hibernation include slowed metabolism (新陈代谢), heart rate, and need for food and water. Hibernation is a commonality between animals like bears and groundhogs. It’s been known that humans aren’t a species that hibernate — at least, not until now. Scientists have unlocked a form of hibernation for humans, although it’s not a winter-long sleep, but more of a sleepy state where your bodily functions are slowed. A study has been going on for years to learn if the human body can go through the state of hibernation. The study is being conducted by Clifton Callaway and funded by NASA in search of a way to further space exploration. Unlocking human hibernation would be the key to trips like the nine-month long journey to Mars, or even further beyond our solar system. Hibernation in animals is triggered by the lack of food, temperature drops, and shorter days. In humans, winter doesn’t trigger any physiological changes in our bodies. According to National Geographic, the experiment included a man who successfully went through a form of hibernation with a certain drug, which is used for sedation (镇静状态) in the medical field. His internal temperature dropped, along with his heart rate and blood pressure. His need for food, oxygen, and metabolism reduced by 20%. This man was not sleeping though, he could still stand up to go to the bathroom, or when he was hungry, ring a bell to ask for food. The experiment showed that he was in a groggy state, although he would be able to react in emergency situations. This is a major advancement for the science field, as it unlocks so many new opportunities. However, scientists still have lots of studies to conduct to learn exactly what this means and how to get other people into this state. 1. What can we learn about hibernation in paragraph 1? A. It means complete inactivity. B. It is unique to large animals. C. It is a natural human ability. D. It slows bodily functions. 2. What is the primary goal of the study carried out by Clifton Callaway? A. To understand hibernation across species. B. To enable travel to Mars or beyond. C. To improve critical care medicine. D. To test human endurance limits. 3. How did the man in the study differ from a hibernating animal? A. His metabolism increased significantly. B. He could do basic tasks and respond. C. He was still and deeply unconscious. D. His temperature stayed unchanged. 4. What is the author’s attitude regarding the future of human hibernation research? A. Doubtful and critical. B. Indifferent and neutral. C. Cautious and concerned. D. Optimistic but realistic. D A tool, called Nightshade, lets artists add invisible changes to their art before they upload it online to fight back against AI companies that use their work to train AI models without the creator’s permission. Using it to “poison” this training data could damage future image-generating AI models by making some of their outputs useless — dogs become cats, cats become cows, and so forth. Generative AI models are excellent at making connections between words, which helps the “poison” spread. Nightshade infects not only the word “dog” but all similar concepts, such as “puppy,” “husky,” and “wolf.” The poison attack also works on indirectly related images. For example, if the model scraped (抓取) a “poisoned” image for the prompt (提示词) “fantasy art”, the prompts “dragon” and “a castle in The Lord of the Rings” would similarly be transformed into something else. Some AI companies are facing a number of lawsuits (诉讼) from artists who claim that their copyrighted material and personal information was scraped without permission or compensation. Ben Zhao, a professor at the University of Chicago, who led the team that created Nightshade, says the hope is that it will help tip the power balance back from AI companies towards artists, by showing respect for artists’ copyright and intellectual property. Zhao admits there is a risk that people might abuse the data “poisoning” technique for evil uses. However, he says attackers would need thousands of “poisoned” samples to cause real damage to larger, more powerful models, as they are trained on billions. AI companies have offered to let artists opt (选择) out of having their images used to train future versions of the models. But artists say this is not enough. Eva Toorenent, an illustrator and artist, says opt-out policies require artists to jump through hoops and still leave tech companies with all the power. She hopes Nightshade will change the current situation and AI companies will think twice before they act. 1. What do we know about Nightshade from the first paragraph? A. It helps artists to fight for lawful rights. B. It warns netizens of the online danger. C. It reminds artists of stolen works. D. It “poisons” AI companies’ output. 2. What is paragraph 2 mainly about? A. The way the “poison” spreads. B. The targets the “poison” attacks. C. The types of transformed images. D. The advantage of AI models. 3. How does Eva Toorenent look at the opt-out policy? A. Thankful. B. Fearful. C. Dissatisfied. D. Positive. 4. Which of the following would be a suitable title for the text? A. Nightshade: Useless Output Creator B. Nightshade: Data “Poison” Technology C. Nightshade: Artists’ Rights Protector D. Nightshade: Image-generating Model 七选五 In the age of rich information, we might assume we are exposed to a wider range of ideas than ever before. Unfortunately, the opposite is often true. We are increasingly likely to be trapped in “information cocoons (茧房)”. 1 These cocoons are mainly built by algorithms (算法). Social media platforms and search engines are designed to show us content in line with our past clicks, likes, and searches. 2 Over time, we are fed a steady diet of information that strengthens our existing beliefs, blocking us from challenging or opposing viewpoints. The consequences of this are serious for both individuals and society. 3 It limits our critical thinking and our ability to understand perspectives different from our own. On a societal level, when different groups operate within entirely separate information ecosystems, finding common ground becomes nearly impossible. 4 Breaking free from an information cocoon requires conscious effort. 5 Actively seeking out news sources with different perspectives, engaging in respectful conversations with people who hold different opinions, and being mindful of the algorithms that shape our online experience are all crucial steps toward a more balanced and well-rounded understanding of the world. A. Experts suggest that we should completely give up social media. B. The first step is to recognize that such a cocoon exists around us. C. For the individual, it can lead to a more narrow-minded worldview. D. It is a comfortable space where our opinions are appreciated. E. Therefore, political debates become more divided and less productive. F. This personalized selection creates a unique digital world for each user. G. This term describes being cut off from other ideas because you only get personalized information. 【写作训练】 一、应用文 口语课上，外教John组织同学们讨论“社交媒体是否有利于增进友谊？”(Is social media beneficial for enhancing friendship?)。请你代表小组发言，内容包括： （1）小组观点； （2）陈述理由。 注意： （1）词数80左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 二、读后续写完成句子练习 1. _________________________ (时间似乎停止了). He had no idea what they should do. 2. It took him a few seconds _________________ (意识到发生了什么). 3. He had no idea _________________ (多少时间过去了). 4. He tried to go to sleep, but _________________ (随着时间一分一分地过去), his mind _________________ (变得焦躁不安). 5. _________________ (随着时间一分一分地过去), he felt helpless and terrified. 6. As time passed, their chance to escape _________________ (溜走了). 7. __________________________________ (他还没来得及再说一句话), she hurried down to the basement, slamming the door behind her. 8. And __________________________________ (他还没来得及吸口气), something leaped out of the shadows and pushed him to the ground. 9. __________________________________ (他还没来得及往前走两步), the front door flew open. 10. _________________________________ (还没有明白发生了什么), they were all around him, attacking like a swarm of fiery bees. 11. _________________ (她的车一开走), Lucas sprinted back home. He grabbed his bike and _________________ (尽可能快地蹬) to the train station. 12. He grabbed hold of the tree, _________________ (不知道接下来做什么). 13. _________________ (几乎想也不想), Jess _________________ (抓住) the twins, gripping their arms _________________ (用所有的力气), and they jumped in. 14. _________________ (用所有的力气), he kicked at the window of the door. 15. _________________ (用全身的力量), he _________________ (从水里爬出来) and wrapped his arms and legs around the trunk. 16. He _________________ (鼓足每一分勇气) and stepped forward. 17. John _________________ (集中最后一丝力气) and screamed out _________________ (拉高嗓门). 18. He closed his eyes, _________________ (祈祷这一切都是一场梦). But _________________ (他没有时间) to think about this. 19. He closed his eyes and ______________________________ (告诉自己那是个噩梦). 20. He _________________ (闭上眼睛), imagining that he had enormous wings that would _________________ (带他飞向天空). 21. He lay on his stomach, _________________ (不敢动) or even to take a breath. 22. He stood/lay there _________________________ (感觉过了好久). 23. Like Li he seemed _________________ (惊得说不出话). He_________________ (吃惊地看) the scene around them. 24. Screams and shouts _________________ (在空中回荡). 25. _________________ (沉默了一会儿) and then he burst into tears. 【句子精析】 1. At that time, there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so, in order to travel unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man, even shaving his head in the Chinese style. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，___________引导结果状语从句，____________和____________作状语。 【词语点拨】 （1）restriction n. ________________________ （2）dress v. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 （1）现在分词作状语 ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如： Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell, striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for（考虑到）, generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如： Talking of this film, it’s wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？ Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today. 根据风向来看，今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说，社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。 （2）过去分词作状语 ①过去分词作状语时，常表示被动和完成，此时分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如： My father sat quietly on the couch, lost in thought (=and he was lost in thought). 我父亲静静地坐在沙发上，沉浸在思索之中。 Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：given（考虑到，如果），provided that（如果），compared with/to等。 Our greenhouse is nothing compared with yours. 我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。 I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expenses are paid. 假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。 2. Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease, near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with the local people. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，________________________在句中作状语。 【词语点拨】 including prep. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 3. A consumer can complain to the organization, giving reasons for their complaint, and if the complaint is correct, the organization can make the company stop using the offending advertisement. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，____________引导条件状语从句，____________作状语，____________作宾语。 【词语点拨】 （1）complaint n. ________________________ （2）complain v. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 doing作宾语： （1）介词后常接doing作宾语，如： She left the room without saying a word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。 （2）有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语，这类词有：finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put off (=delay), suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to, prefer ... to ...等。如： John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。 Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him. 尽管她很喜欢他，但她并不打算嫁给他。 （3）begin, start, like, prefer, hate后既可接to do也可接doing作宾语，意思差别不大，如： He likes playing/to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 （4）stop, try, go on, remember, forget, mean, regret后面用doing或to do不定式，意思不一样。 stop doing 停止做 stop to do 停下来开始做 try doing 试一试做 try to do 尽力做，企图做 go on doing 继续做（同一件事） go on to do 继续做（不同的事） remember doing 记着做了 remember to do 记着要做 forget doing 忘记做了 forget to do 忘记要做 mean doing 意味着 mean to do 打算做 regret doing 后悔做了 regret to do 遗憾要做 比较： I forgot teaching the students the words. 我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过） I forgot to teach the students the words. 我忘了教学生们这些词。（未教） 4. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，____________和____________在句中作状语，____________作定语。 【词语点拨】 （1）in no time ________________________ （2）take ... by storm ________________________ （3）variety n. ________________________ （4）deliver v. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 过去分词done作定语： 过去分词作定语表示被动和完成意义，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如： The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 The scientists invited (=who were invited) to the meeting are from developing countries. 被邀请参加会议的科学家来自发展中国家。 5. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day! 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，____________和____________是并列的谓语动词，____________________作状语，____________，____________，____________和______________是并列的宾语。 【词语点拨】 make it (to) ____________________________________ 【语法点拨】 现在分词的完成形式作状语： having done可以作状语，此时，它代表的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，它的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致。如： Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. 由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没能通过。 Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently. 由于对形势的深刻了解，他们有效地处理了问题。 6. In the fall of 1985, I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Super Court bench somewhere. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，____________, ____________和____________是并列的定语，____________作介词of的宾语。 【词语点拨】 （1）head v. ____________________________________ （2）aim v. ________________________ n. ____________ 【语法点拨】 现在分词doing作定语： 在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如： A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping girl. 一缕阳光照在睡着的女孩身上。 That is a really touching moment. 那是一个真正感人的瞬间。 A man living in the village rarely sees subways. (=A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.) 住在村子里的人很少看到地铁。 7. Some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter doesn’t attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using color, line and shape to represent them. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，________________________和________________________是并列谓语，____________在句中引导状语从句，____________作状语。 【词语点拨】 concentrate v. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 8. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，____________引导限制性定语从句，修饰____________；________________________和____________作状语，____________作主语。 【词语点拨】 （1）base v. ________________________ n. ____________ （2）judging from/by ________________________ （3）alone adj. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 （1）过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 （2）doing作主语 ①很多情况下，相当于to do，有时也可用it作形式主语。常用doing作主语的句型： It is no good/use doing ...“做……没用” It is useless doing ...“做……没用” It is worthwhile doing ...“做……是值得的” It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. 劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。 ②如果doing有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如： Tom’s/his coming late made the manager very angry. 汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。 Would you mind my opening the window? It’s boiling hot inside. 你介意我开窗吗？这里面好热。 ③to do和doing作主语的区别： to do常表示具体的某一动作；doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念。如： Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动，而且还不污染环境。 9. She retired from diving after Atlanta and went to study economics at university. While there she decided to make a comeback and went on to compete at the Sydney Olympic Games, where she won her fourth Olympic gold, again making Olympic history. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 ____________在句中引导省略的时间状语从句；____________引导非限制定语从句，修饰________________________；____________和____________作宾语，____________作结果状语。 【词语点拨】 compete v. ________________________ 【语法点拨】 不定式to do作宾语： 不定式to do常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如： His parents decide to live in the countryside. 他的父母决意在乡下居住。 We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？ 10. With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’ 10 hours. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，____________和________________________作状语。 【词语点拨】 take on ________________________ 【语法点拨】 过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 参考答案： 【词汇冲关】 一、词性转换 1. digit n. （0到9的任何一个）数字，数位 → digital adj. 数字的，数码的 2. vary v. （根据情况而）变化，改变，不同 → various adj. 各种各样的；多种（类型）的 → variety n. （植物、语言等的）变体；异体；多样化 3. necessary adj. 必要的；必需的 → necessity n. 必需品 4. profession n. （需要掌握专门的知识或技能的）职业，行业 → professional adj. 专业的，职业的 5. dependent adj. 依靠的；依赖的 → independent adj. 自主的，有主见的；自立的 → independence n. 独立 → independently adv. 独立地，自立地 6. responsibility n. 责任；义务 → responsible adj. 负责的；有责任心的 7. contribute vi. & vt. 是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加 → contribution n. 贡献 8. replace v. 代替，取代（某物） → replacement n. 替换的人（物） 9. announce v. 宣布；宣告；通知 → announcement n. 通告，公告 10. disappoint v. 使失望 → disappointed adj. 失望的；沮丧的 → disappointing adj. 令人失望的；令人沮丧的；令人扫兴的 → disappointment n. 失望；扫兴；沮丧 11. strength n. 力气；力量；体力 → strengthen vi. & vt. （使）强健 12. achieve v. （努力）达到，获得，实现 → achievement n. 成就，成绩；达到，完成 → achievable adj. 可完成的；做得成的 13. congratulate v. 祝贺；庆贺；向……道贺 → congratulation n. 恭喜，祝贺 14. expect v. 预计，预料，预期（某事很有可能会发生） → expectant adj. 期待的，期望的 → expectation n. 预料；预期；期待 15. describe v. 描述；形容；叙述 → description n. 描述，描写 二、短语冲关 1. not ... anymore 不再…… 2. let sb down 使失望，辜负（别人的信任或期望） 3. pay off 取得成功；奏效 4. keep up with 跟上，保持同步 5. in case 以防万一 6. sign up 报名 7. ought to 应该，应当 8. immune system 免疫系统 9. cheer up （使）高兴起来，（使）振作起来 10. be fed up with 厌烦的，不满的，无法再忍受的 11. in particular 尤其，特别 12. be capable of 有能力做 13. make sure 确保 14. take advantage of sth 利用某物 15. Dragon-Boat Festival 端午节 16. lunar month 阴历月，农历月 17. put up 张贴 18. let off 使某物爆炸 19. sweep away 扫除；清除 20. upside down 倒置地，颠倒地 21. scare sb / sth away 把……吓跑 22. as far as 就……而言 23. in general 普遍地 24. make an effort 尽力 25. move in 搬来（和某人）一起居住 26. over and over 再三地，重复地 27. catch sb’s eye 吸引某人的目光；吸引某人的注意 28. calm down 冷静下来 三、单句语法填空 1. satisfaction; in 2. amazing; offering 3. have changed; largely 4. as; happiness 5. stuffed; sang 6. collecting 【语法突破】 （一） 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了杜伊斯堡动物园的郢趣园作为中德友谊象征的修复工作及其文化意义。 1. as 考查介词。句意：郢趣园自1988年以来一直作为武汉和德国杜伊斯堡市之间友谊的象征。stand as表示“作为”，故填as。 2. the 考查冠词。句意：花园大约有一个足球场那么大。the size of是固定短语，表示“……的大小”，故填the。 3. applied 考查非谓语动词。句意：花园具有典型的中国建筑元素，例如广泛应用的榫卯结构，装饰有石狮、小径和溪流。分析句子结构可知，此处修饰名词structures，动词apply与structures之间是被动关系，故用过去分词applied作定语。故填applied。 4. that/which 考查定语从句。句意：琉璃瓦是必需的，因为它们增添了使花园生机勃勃的点缀。分析句子结构可知，空后是一个定语从句，修饰先行词the touch，先行词在从句中作主语，且指物，应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 5. rarely 考查词性转换。句意：但如今这样的瓦片在市场上很少能买到。此处需用副词修饰形容词available，rare的副词形式为rarely。故填rarely。 6. has obtained 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：尽管面临挑战，武汉团队通过联系传统工匠已经获得了超过10,000片琉璃瓦，确保修复工作按计划进行。根据上下文可知，动作已经完成，应用现在完成时；主语the Wuhan team作为集体名词，通常被视为单数，故填has obtained。 7. opening 考查词性转换。句意：自1988年正式向公众开放以来，花园受到了当地社区的热烈欢迎。介词upon后需接名词，open的名词形式为opening。故填opening。 8. was embraced 考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意同上。主语the garden与动词embrace之间是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was embraced。 9. exhibiting 考查非谓语动词。句意：它已发展成为一个展示中国文化的场所，举办了许多与中国相关的活动。介词for后需接动名词形式，exhibit的动名词为exhibiting。故填exhibiting。 10. to view 考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来，它一直是当地人了解中国文化的一个窗口，并在修复后将继续进行文化对话。a window for sb. to do sth.是固定表达，表示“某人做某事的窗口”，故用不定式to view。故填to view。 （二） 本文是一篇新闻报道，主题语境为人与科技。文章生动报道了中国空间站宇航员首次使用专用热风烘烤机烹饪食物的过程，并介绍了该烤箱的技术升级及其对宇航员生活的积极影响。 1. delivered 考查非谓语动词。句意：在中国空间站上，由神舟二十一号飞船运送的热风烘烤机已经开始烘烤，正如一段流行视频所展示的那样——宇航员首次品味新鲜烹制的鸡翅和牛排。分析句子结构可知，空处为修饰主语“the hot air oven”的后置定语。动词deliver与逻辑主语oven之间为被动关系（烤箱被运送），且动作已完成，应用过去分词。故填delivered。 2. a 考查冠词。句意同上。名词“video”为可数名词单数，此处为首次提及且泛指“一段视频”，应用不定冠词。popular以辅音音素开头，故填a。 3. and 考查连词。句意：在视频中，可以看到神舟二十一号乘组成员、航天工程师武飞从包装中取出腌好的鸡翅，将它们放在烤盘上，然后滑入烤箱。此处连接三个连续的并列动作“taking...， placing...， sliding...”，应用并列连词and。故填and。 4. produced 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：大约28分钟后，（烤箱）制作出了一盘滋滋作响、太空版的新奥尔良鸡翅。分析句子结构可知，此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语部分。从句主语为which（指代oven），动作发生在过去（与主句“is seen”描述的观看视频的时间点相对），且为主动语态，应用一般过去时。故填produced。 5. for 考查介词。句意：他们都来自以优质牛羊肉闻名的中国内蒙古自治区。be known for为固定搭配，意为“以……闻名”。故填for。 6. whose 考查定语从句。句意：鸡翅和牛排很快在六名宇航员中分享，他们的脸上都洋溢着喜悦。分析句子结构可知，空格后为定语从句，修饰先行词“the six astronauts”。从句中“faces”与先行词之间为所属关系（宇航员们的脸），应用关系代词whose引导定语从句，在从句中作定语修饰faces。故填whose。 7. significantly 考查词性转换。句意：与地球上的烤箱相比，太空烤箱已经得到显著升级。此处需用副词修饰动词“upgraded”。significant的副词形式为significantly。故填significantly。 8. cycles 考查词性转换和名词复数。句意：烤箱经过了严格测试，以确保其满足空间站的准入条件，并能连续可靠运行多达500个周期。数词500后接可数名词，cycle意为“周期”，此处应用复数形式。故填cycles。 9. being 考查非谓语动词。句意：中国航天员科研训练中心刘伟波表示，在空间站度过几个月后，能够享受美味的鸡翅和牛排，或者自己准备的新鲜烤花生和面包，肯定会给宇航员带来一种幸福感。分析句子结构可知，“___ (be) able to enjoy ... prepared by themselves”是整个句子的主语部分。动词原形不能作主语，需用其非谓语形式。此处表示一种状态或能力，应用动名词being构成动名词短语作主语。故填being。 10. happiness 考查词性转换。句意同上。空格前为a sense of结构，of为介词，后需接名词。happy的名词形式为happiness。故填happiness。 【阅读基础】 A 本文是一篇应用文（省钱指南）。文章主要介绍了三种在电影院省钱的具体方法：通过购买特定保险获得“买一送一”优惠、开通特定银行账户获得免费电影票、以及购买网站套票或在国家电影院日购买特价票。 1. D 细节理解题。根据Get two tickets for the price of one部分可知，购买该保险可以获得Meerkat Movies的访问权限，从而享受每周二或周三的“买一送一”优惠。文章开篇主题句“Here’s how to make a few savings at the cinema.”点明了所有方法的共同目的——省钱。D项“为了在电影院省点钱”直接呼应了文章主旨和该省钱方法的核心目标。故选D。 2. A 细节理解题。根据Get some free tickets部分中的“You’ll need to add £2,000 to the account to cancel out a £3 monthly charge”可知，存入2000英镑可以直接抵消每月3英镑的账户管理费。A项“你可以避免支付3英镑的月费”是文中该句的同义转述。故选A。 3. B 数字计算题。根据Buy special offer tickets部分中的“Other deals include National Cinema Day (usually in September) when all tickets are £3.”可知，在国家电影院日，所有电影票的价格均为每张3英镑。因此，购买3张的总价应为3×3 = £9。故选B。 B 本文是一篇记叙文，主题语境为人与社会。文章通过描述母亲几十年如一日为家人精心准备饭菜的日常细节，展现了烹饪作为一种仪式和表达爱的方式，如何将家庭成员紧密联结在一起。 1. A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“She effortlessly cooks a dish that mixes Western and Eastern styles, a beloved breakfast classic in our family.”可知，母亲可以“毫不费力地”烹饪出一道融合东西方风味的菜肴，她拥有高超的厨艺。故选A。 2. A 目的意图题。文章在第四段引用了数据：大多数加拿大人做饭时间为31-60分钟，只有10%的人超过一小时。紧接着下一句明确指出“我的母亲属于那10%”。结合上下文，第三段强调了母亲三十多年来的奉献，第五段则描述了她从购物到烹饪的全程投入。因此，引用数据是为了通过将母亲的付出与普通人的常态进行对比，从而凸显她为家人付出的时间和精力远超常人，而这正是她表达爱的方式。故选A。 3. B 推理判断题。画线句子是后文具体事例的总括和铺垫。紧接着，作者用自己切胡萝卜大小不匀而被母亲推开接手的例子，来具体说明为什么需要“耐心”。母亲这一行为并非出于易怒或不喜欢被打扰，而是因为她对烹饪过程的细节和成果有着很高的标准，不容许不完美。这种对“完美”的追求，使得帮助者必须适应她的节奏和要求，从而需要极大的耐心。因此，从画线句及其后的例证可以推断，母亲在烹饪这件事上追求完美。故选B。 4. D 主旨大意题。全文围绕母亲的厨房和烹饪展开。它不仅描述了母亲的技能和付出，更强调了她准备的饭菜成为了一种“仪式”，将家人聚集在一起“联系和分享”。烹饪是爱的表达，也是家庭关系的核心纽带。D项“母亲的厨房让我们更紧密”精准地概括了烹饪在维系家庭情感中的核心作用。故选D。 完形填空 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了主人公Jane从艺术学院毕业后投身演艺事业，经过反思后决定改变人生方向，攻读MBA并最终创业的个人经历，强调了家庭与生活平衡的重要性。 1. C 考查动词辨析。句意：我获得了文学学士学位。此处描述学业完成的状态。“with a Bachelor of Arts”表示拥有学位，与之搭配的动词应为“毕业”。graduate with（以……学位毕业）是固定搭配。side（支持）、title（命名）、engage（从事）均不符合语境。故选C。 2. B 考查名词辨析。句意：并在20多岁时继续从事表演工作。根据后文“performed eight shows a week”（每周演出八场）可知，她的工作是舞台表演。acting（表演）最符合。painting（绘画）、editing（编辑）、sowing（播种）均与“演出”无关。故选B。 3. A 考查名词辨析。句意：我的事业就是我生命的全部。根据后文她愿意每天付出14小时练习并每周演出8场，以及之后的感悟可知，一开始作者把事业当成是生命的全部。cause（事业、目标）符合语境。passion（激情）、outcome（结果）和motivation（动机）与文意不符。故选A。 4. C 考查动词辨析。句意：所有这些迫使我错过旅行和课程。由于工作极度繁忙（14小时/天，8场/周），她没有时间参加其他活动。miss（错过）最符合“因故无法参加”的语境。possess（拥有）、acquire（获得）逻辑不通，schedule（安排）与“被迫”和“绝望”的情感色彩矛盾。故选C。 5. B 考查副词辨析。句意：令我绝望的是，我不断地被建议要全身心投入工作。此处描述外界持续施加的压力，与她的内心挣扎形成对比。constantly（不断地）能体现这种持续性的外界期望。occasionally（偶尔）程度太轻；barely（几乎不）与文意相反；respectively（分别地）不符合语境。故选B。 6. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：有一天我慢下来，重新审视自己。后文是她进行深刻自我反省（reexamined）的内容，这需要从忙碌中抽身，停下来思考。slow down（慢下来，放缓节奏）是开始反思的前提。test out（测试）、settle on（决定）、give away（赠送）均无法引出下文的内心追问。故选A。 7. D 考查形容词辨析。句意：答案是我生命中最有意义的部分是与所爱之人共度的时光——而不是在舞台上。此处是她反思后得出的核心结论，与之前“工作即生命”的观念形成对比。meaningful（有意义的）能最高程度地肯定家庭时光的价值。bitter（痛苦的）、demanding（要求高的）、complicated（复杂的）均为中性或负面词汇，不符合此处积极的情感判断。故选D。 8. C 考查名词辨析。句意：这导致了一次方向的转变。前文是反思和结论，此处是结论带来的行动结果：从演艺事业转向能兼顾家庭的新职业路径。shift（转变，改变）准确概括了这种职业轨迹的变化。reputation（声誉）、barrier（障碍）、consequence（后果）均不能准确描述这种主动的人生方向调整。故选C。 9. B 考查动词辨析。句意：于是我来到哥伦比亚商学院攻读MBA。pursue a degree（攻读学位）是固定搭配。appoint（任命）、invest（投资）、guarantee（保证）均不能与“MBA”搭配。故选B。 10. D 考查形容词辨析。句意：为了在咨询行业建立事业，这可能会让我精神焕发。此处描述她对咨询职业的初始积极预期，认为这可能是一种令人振奋的新开始。refreshed（焕然一新的，精神振奋的）符合这种对新生活的憧憬。depressed（沮丧的）和torn（纠结的）为负面；adorable（可爱的）一般不用于形容人的状态。故选D。 11. A 考查形容词辨析。前文提到，Jane转读MBA是希望进入一个能让她“焕然一新”(refreshed)、平衡生活的咨询行业。但紧接着，她描述的现实是同行日夜工作、职位要求持续深夜加班。因此，这个新世界对她而言“感觉一切都如此‘熟悉’”。awesome（令人敬畏的；极好的）；striking（显著的；引人注目的）和dismissive（轻视的；不屑一顾的）均不符合语境。故选A。 12. D 考查形容词辨析。句意：我后来发现这些职位需要持续不断的深夜电话。根据前文“working day and night”和后文“ending work before midnight was ridiculous”可知，这种深夜工作是持续性的、一贯的要求。consistent（持续的，一贯的）最准确。effortless（不费力的）与高压文化相反；effective（有效的）、tolerant（宽容的）不符合语境。故选D。 13. A 考查动词辨析。句意：渐渐地，我意识到拥有自己的企业才是重要的。此处是她最终得出的结论：只有自己创业才能掌控时间，实现工作与生活的平衡。count（重要，有价值）符合“具有重要性”的语义。affect（影响）太泛；emerge（出现）、disappear（消失）不合逻辑。故选A。 14. B 考查名词辨析。句意：他们曾给年轻时的自己的建议是不要花太多时间工作。根据后句“他们希望自己过去能多参加孩子的运动比赛”可知，这是商业领袖们回顾自身经历时的悔悟，是给“过去的自己”的建议。selves是self的复数，their younger selves（他们年轻时的自己）是正确表达。neighbors（邻居）、relatives（亲戚）、friends（朋友）均不符合“给自己建议”的语境。故选B。 15. C 考查名词辨析。句意：我把他们的见解贴在了墙上。这些商业领袖关于生活重于工作的感悟，是深刻的人生“见解”或“洞见”。insight（深刻见解）最合适。appeal（呼吁）、request（请求）、doubt（怀疑）均不能概括“不要花太多时间工作”这样的经验之谈。故选C。 【阅读提升】 C 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了人类冬眠的传统认知，以及由NASA资助的一项探索人类进入类冬眠状态的研究。该研究旨在为长途太空旅行提供解决方案，并通过实验证明了利用药物诱导人类进入代谢降低但意识尚存的“昏昏欲睡”状态是可能的，同时文章也指出了该领域仍需大量研究。 1. D 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“The main features of hibernation include slowed metabolism (新陈代谢), heart rate, and need for food and water.”可知，冬眠的主要特征包括新陈代谢、心率和食物水需求降低，即身体机能减缓。A项“它意味着完全静止不动”与第一段描述的类冬眠状态“不是长期睡眠，而是昏昏欲睡的状态”以及后文实验对象仍可活动的情况不符；B项“它是大型动物独有的”，文中提到熊和土拨鼠是冬眠动物的例子，但并未说这是大型动物独有，且“commonality”一词表明这是一种共性现象；C项“它是人类的天然能力”，文中明确指出“It’s been known that humans aren’t a species that hibernate”，人类并非天生冬眠的物种。故选D。 2. B 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“The study is being conducted ... funded by NASA in search of a way to further space exploration. Unlocking human hibernation would be the key to trips like the nine-month long journey to Mars, or even further ...”可知，这项由NASA资助的研究主要目的是为了推动太空探索，实现如前往火星或更远星球的旅行。A项“理解跨物种的冬眠”范围过宽，研究核心是人类；C项“改进危重症医学”，文中提到的药物虽用于医疗镇静，但研究的主要背景和目标是太空旅行，非主要为了医学改进；D项“测试人类耐力极限”并非文章明确表述的研究目的。故选B。 3. B 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“This man was not sleeping though, he could still stand up to go to the bathroom, or when he was hungry, ring a bell to ask for food. ... he was in a groggy state, although he would be able to react in emergency situations.”可知，实验对象与冬眠动物的关键区别在于他仍保留一定的意识和行动能力，可以进行如厕、要食物等基本活动并对紧急情况作出反应。A项“他的新陈代谢显著增加”与文中“新陈代谢降低了20%”的事实相反；C项“他静止不动且深度无意识”与描述其能够活动的状态矛盾；D项“他的体温保持不变”与文中“His internal temperature dropped”的表述不符。故选B。 4. D 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段“This is a major advancement for the science field, as it unlocks so many new opportunities. However, scientists still have lots of studies to conduct ...”可知，作者认为这是一项重大进步，能带来新机遇（体现乐观），但同时明确指出科学家仍需进行大量研究以完全理解其意义和应用方法（体现现实和审慎）。A项“怀疑和批评的”与文中肯定进步的语气不符；B项“冷漠和中立的”与文章结尾带有评价性的总结不符；C项“谨慎和担忧的”虽然包含了谨慎，但未体现对重大进步的积极评价。故选D。 D 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了一款名为Nightshade的工具，该工具允许艺术家在上传作品前对其进行不可见的修改，以对抗未经授权使用其作品训练AI模型的公司。其核心机制是通过“毒害”训练数据来破坏未来图像生成AI模型的输出，并详细说明了其工作原理、研发目的、潜在风险以及艺术家对其的期待。 1. A 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“lets artists add invisible changes to their art ... to fight back against AI companies that use their work to train AI models without the creator’s permission.”可知，Nightshade的工具属性是帮助艺术家对抗未经授权使用其作品的AI公司，这是一种维护自身合法权益（如版权）的行为。A项“它帮助艺术家争取合法权利”准确概括了此目的。B项“它警告网民网络危险”在文中未提及；C项“它提醒艺术家作品被偷”，文中工具是主动“反击（fight back）”而非被动“提醒（remind）”；D项“它‘毒害’AI公司的输出”，原文指通过毒害训练数据来“损害未来模型（damage future ... models）”或导致其“输出无用（making some of their outputs useless）”，而非直接毒害当前输出。故选A。 2. A 段落主旨题。第二段首句“Generative AI models are excellent at making connections between words, which helps the ‘poison’ spread.”为主题句，明确指出本段核心是解释“毒药”如何借助生成式AI模型的词语关联能力进行扩散。后续内容具体说明了这种扩散如何从直接相关词汇（如“狗”到“小狗”、“狼”）波及到间接相关图像（如“奇幻艺术”到“龙”）。因此，本段主要关于“毒药”的传播方式。B项“毒药攻击的目标”是传播机制作用下的表现，非核心；C项“被转换图像的类型”是用于说明传播效果的例子；D项“AI模型的优势”是传播得以发生的原因，但非段落论述焦点。故选A。 3. C 观点态度题。根据文章最后一段中Eva Toorenent的表述“opt-out policies require artists to jump through hoops and still leave tech companies with all the power.”可知，她认为选择退出政策要求艺术家经历繁琐程序（jump through hoops），且权力仍然完全掌握在科技公司手中。这明确表达了她对该政策的不满和批评。A项“感激的”、B项“恐惧的”、D项“积极的”均与文中她的批评态度不符。故选C。 4. C 标题判断题。文章开篇指出Nightshade这一工具能让艺术家在上传作品前添加隐形变化，以此对抗未经许可使用其作品训练AI模型的AI公司，这体现了它在维护艺术家权益方面的作用。接着阐述该工具“毒害”训练数据的方式及影响，如让模型生成错误图像，进一步说明其能对侵犯艺术家权益的AI公司形成制约。还提到研发者希望借此平衡艺术家与AI公司的权力，以及艺术家对该工具的期待，认为其能改变现状，这都表明Nightshade的核心意义在于保护艺术家权利，所以C选项“Nightshade: Artists’ Rights Protector”作为标题最为合适。故选C。 七选五 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了“信息茧房”现象，解释了其形成原因（主要是算法导致）、对个人和社会造成的负面影响，并提出了如何有意识地打破信息茧房的建议。 1. G 空前提出了“信息茧房”这一概念，并指出我们可能被困其中。下文具体介绍了“信息茧房”形成原因、影响等。因此，空处最可能对“信息茧房”进行定义或解释。G项“This term describes being cut off from other ideas because you only get personalized information.（这个术语描述的是由于你只获取个性化信息而与其他观点隔绝的状态。）”准确解释了“信息茧房”的核心特征，与首句形成定义关系，使段落意思完整。故选G。 2. F 空前描述了算法根据用户过往行为推送内容。空后说明长期后果。因此，空处应承接前文，说明这种推送机制的直接结果。F项“This personalized selection creates a unique digital world for each user.（这种个性化的选择为每个用户创造了一个独特的数字世界。）”恰当地总结了算法推送的本质结果，即构建了个人化的信息环境，为下文“信息茧房”的形成打下基础。故选F。 3. C 段首句总述对个人和社会后果严重。下文以“For the individual...”和“On a societal level...”并列结构分别阐述对个人和社会的影响。因此，空处应开启对个人影响的具体说明。C项“For the individual, it can lead to a more narrow-minded worldview.（对个人而言，它可能导致世界观更加狭隘。）”与下文“It limits our critical thinking ...”在逻辑和语义上紧密衔接，其中“it”指代信息茧房，“narrow-minded”也与“limits ... different from our own”相呼应。故选C。 4. E 空前描述了社会层面上的问题：不同群体处于分离的信息生态系统中，难以找到共同点。因此，空处最可能进一步说明这种社会问题导致的具体后果。E项“Therefore, political debates become more divided and less productive.（因此，政治辩论变得更加分裂且成效更低。）”是前文信息割裂可能导致的自然结果，用“Therefore”体现因果关系，“divided”与“separate information ecosystems”及“finding common ground ... impossible”逻辑一致。故选E。 5. B 段首句提出打破信息茧房需要努力。空格后是具体的行动建议（寻求不同观点、进行对话、警惕算法）。因此，空处应作为本段主题句或提出首要步骤，引出后文的具体做法。B项“The first step is to recognize that such a cocoon exists around us.”（第一步是认识到我们周围存在这样一个茧房。）明确指出“第一步”，与后文的“Actively seeking ...”、“being mindful ...”等具体“步骤”形成完美的逻辑关系，是打破茧房的意识前提。故选B。 【写作训练】 一、应用文 Good morning, everyone. On behalf of our group, I am here to present our discussion on whether social media is beneficial for enhancing friendships. Our group hold the view that social media is beneficial for strengthening friendships. We have reached this conclusion based on two main reasons. Firstly, social media effectively bridges geographical distances. It allows us to maintain daily contact with friends who live far away. Through sharing updates, we can stay involved in each other’s lives, which helps sustain and deepen our bonds. Secondly, it helps us find and connect with like-minded people. Online interest groups enable us to discover new friends who share our passions. This common ground provides a strong foundation for building meaningful and supportive friendships. Therefore, we believe that social media serves as a valuable tool for both maintaining existing friendships and forming new connections. Thanks for listening. 二、读后续写完成句子练习 1. Time seemed to stop (时间似乎停止了). He had no idea what they should do. 2. It took him a few seconds to realize what had happened (意识到发生了什么). 3. He had no idea how much time had passed (多少时间过去了). 4. He tried to go to sleep, but as the minutes ticked by (随着时间一分一分地过去), his mind got restless (变得焦躁不安). 5. As the minutes passed (随着时间一分一分地过去), he felt helpless and terrified. 6. As time passed, their chance to escape slipped away (溜走了). 7. Before he could say another word (他还没来得及再说一句话), she hurried down to the basement, slamming the door behind her. 8. And before he could even take a breath (他还没来得及吸口气), something leaped out of the shadows and pushed him to the ground. 9. Before he could take two steps (他还没来得及往前走两步), the front door flew open. 10. Before he knew what was happening (还没有明白发生了什么), they were all around him, attacking like a swarm of fiery bees. 11. The minute her car disappeared (她的车一开走), Lucas sprinted back home. He grabbed his bike and pedaled as fast as he could (尽可能快地蹬) to the train station 12. He grabbed hold of the tree, with no idea what to do next (不知道接下来做什么). 13. Almost without thinking (几乎想也不想), Jess grabbed hold of (抓住) the twins, gripping their arms with all her might (用所有的力气), and they jumped in. 14. With all his might (用所有的力气), he kicked at the window of the door. 15. With every bit of strength in his body (用全身的力量), he pulled himself out of the water (从水里爬出来) and wrapped his arms and legs around the trunk. 16. He gathered up every ounce of courage (鼓足每一分勇气) and stepped forward. 17. John mustered the last of his strength (集中最后一丝力气) and screamed out at the top of his lungs (拉高嗓门). 18. He closed his eyes, praying this was all a dream (祈祷这一切都是一场梦). But there was no time for him (他没有时间) to think about this. 19. He closed his eyes and told himself it was a nightmare (告诉自己那是个噩梦). 20. He closed his eyes (闭上眼睛), imagining that he had enormous wings that would take him soaring into the sky (带他飞向天空). 21. He lay on his stomach, afraid to move (不敢动) or even to take a breath. 22. He stood/lay there for what felt like a long time (感觉过了好久). 23. Like Li he seemed too stunned to speak (惊得说不出话). He looked in shock at (吃惊地看) the scene around them. 24. Screams and shouts echoed through the air (在空中回荡). 25. There was a moment of silence (沉默了一会儿) and then he burst into tears. 【句子精析】 1. At that time, there were restrictions on the movement of Europeans and so, in order to travel unnoticed, he developed his fluency in Chinese and dressed as a Chinese man, even shaving his head in the Chinese style. 【翻译】 那时候，欧洲人在中国的活动受到种种限制，因此为了在旅行时不引起别人注意，他努力使自己的汉语讲得很流利，并且穿着中国人的服装，甚至像中国人一样削发（留辫）。 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，so引导结果状语从句，unnoticed和shaving作状语。 【词语点拨】 （1）restriction n. 限制 （2）dress v. 打扮；穿衣 【语法点拨】 （1）现在分词作状语 ①现在分词doing所代表的动作或状态与谓语动词是同时或几乎是同时发生的，可以作时间、原因、方式、条件、结果、目的、让步、伴随等状语。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如： Rushing out of the house, he was knocked down by a car. 他一冲出屋子就被一辆车撞倒了。 My cousin went to Shenzhen, hoping to find a job there. 我表兄去深圳了，希望在那儿找份工作。 The child fell, striking his head against the door. 小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。 In the last few years, the country has had a hard time, suffering several killer quakes. 过去几年里，这个国家经历了艰难的时期，遭受了几次致命的地震。 Being spring, the flowers are in full bloom. 因为是春天，所以花都盛开着。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：considering, judging from, talking of, allowing for（考虑到）, generally/frankly/honestly/roughly/strictly speaking, assuming that（假设）等。如： Talking of this film, it’s wonderful. 说到这部电影，好极了。 Assuming that it is true, what should we do now? 假定那是真的，我们现在该怎么办？ Judging by the direction of the wind, it won’t rain today. 根据风向来看，今天不会下雨。 Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups. 严格地说，社会心理学研究人们的群体行为。 （2）过去分词作状语 ①过去分词作状语时，常表示被动和完成，此时分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。表示时间、条件、原因、让步时可转换为相应的状语从句；表示方式、结果和伴随时可转化为并列分句。如： My father sat quietly on the couch, lost in thought (=and he was lost in thought). 我父亲静静地坐在沙发上，沉浸在思索之中。 Looked (=If it is looked) at a distance, the painting seems much more beautiful. 隔着一段距离看，这幅画似乎要漂亮得多。 ②有些分词作状语，没有逻辑上的主语，已成为习惯用法：given（考虑到，如果），provided that（如果），compared with/to等。 Our greenhouse is nothing compared with yours. 我们这个温室比起你们那个简直是小巫见大巫。 I will agree to go provided / providing (that) my expenses are paid. 假如为我负担费用，我就同意去。 2. Brave young men took the opportunity of going on botanical expeditions, often facing many dangers including disease, near-starvation, severe environments and conflicts with the local people. 【翻译】 勇敢的年轻人抓住机会进行植物考察，他们常常面临许多危险，包括疾病、濒临饥饿、严酷的环境以及同当地居民的冲突。 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，facing many dangers ...在句中作状语。 【词语点拨】 including prep. 包含 【语法点拨】 现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 3. A consumer can complain to the organization, giving reasons for their complaint, and if the complaint is correct, the organization can make the company stop using the offending advertisement. 【翻译】 消费者可以向这个机构投诉，提出投诉的理由，如果投诉是正确的，该机构可以责令该公司停止使用这种令人不愉快的广告。 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，if引导条件状语从句，giving reasons ...作状语，using ...作宾语。 【词语点拨】 （1）complaint n. 抱怨；投诉 （2）complain v. 抱怨；投诉 【语法点拨】 doing作宾语： （1）介词后常接doing作宾语，如： She left the room without saying a word. 她没说什么就离开了房间。 （2）有些动词或短语后只能跟动名词作宾语，这类词有：finish, imagine, fancy, insist on, enjoy, escape, consider, can’t help（禁不住）, admit, avoid, mind, miss, practise, keep, resist, appreciate, put off (=delay), suggest, advise, allow, permit, forbid, ban, prohibit, forgive, excuse, risk, tolerate, recommend, stand, feel like, look forward to, prefer ... to ...等。如： John has admitted breaking the window. 约翰已承认打碎了窗子。 Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him. 尽管她很喜欢他，但她并不打算嫁给他。 （3）begin, start, like, prefer, hate后既可接to do也可接doing作宾语，意思差别不大，如： He likes playing/to play basketball. 他喜欢打篮球。 （4）stop, try, go on, remember, forget, mean, regret后面用doing或to do不定式，意思不一样。 stop doing 停止做 stop to do 停下来开始做 try doing 试一试做 try to do 尽力做，企图做 go on doing 继续做（同一件事） go on to do 继续做（不同的事） remember doing 记着做了 remember to do 记着要做 forget doing 忘记做了 forget to do 忘记要做 mean doing 意味着 mean to do 打算做 regret doing 后悔做了 regret to do 遗憾要做 比较： I forgot teaching the students the words. 我忘记了曾教过学生们这些词。（已经教过） I forgot to teach the students the words. 我忘了教学生们这些词。（未教） 4. In no time, the Del Monte Gold took the market by storm, rapidly becoming the world’s best-selling pineapple variety, and delivering natural levels of sweetness in the mouth, up until then only found in tinned pineapple. 【翻译】 德尔蒙金菠萝立刻占有了市场，很快成为世界上销售最好的菠萝，吃到嘴里有一种天然的甜味，在那之前，只有罐装菠萝才有这种味儿。 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，becoming和delivering在句中作状语，tinned作定语。 【词语点拨】 （1）in no time 立刻，马上 （2）take ... by storm 强攻；使大为轰动 （3）variety n. 种类；多样性 （4）deliver v. 递送；发表（演说等） 【语法点拨】 过去分词done作定语： 过去分词作定语表示被动和完成意义，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如： The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital. 受伤的工人现正在医院受到良好的照料。 They are cleaning the fallen leaves in the yard. 他们正在打扫院子里的落叶。 The scientists invited (=who were invited) to the meeting are from developing countries. 被邀请参加会议的科学家来自发展中国家。 5. Shay didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter, having never forgotten being the hero and making his father so happy and coming home and seeing his mother tearfully hug her little hero of the day! 【翻译】 Shay在那一年的冬天死了，没有活到第二年的夏天，他永远也忘不掉自己当英雄以及让自己的爸爸如此高兴，忘不掉跑回家看到含泪的妈妈抱住这个小英雄的场景。 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，didn’t make it和died是并列的谓语动词，having never forgotten作状语，being the hero，making his father ...，coming home和seeing ...是并列的宾语。 【词语点拨】 make it (to) 及时到达；成功；约定时间 【语法点拨】 现在分词的完成形式作状语： having done可以作状语，此时，它代表的动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，它的逻辑主语和句子的主语一致。如： Not having tried his best, he failed in the exam. 由于没有尽最大努力，他这次考试没能通过。 Having known the situation well, they could deal with the problem efficiently. 由于对形势的深刻了解，他们有效地处理了问题。 6. In the fall of 1985, I was a bright-eyed girl heading off to Howard University, aiming at a legal career and dreaming of sitting on a Super Court bench somewhere. 【翻译】 1985年的秋天，我是一个有着明亮眼睛的女孩，要去哈佛大学学习，目的是从事法律工作并梦想着坐在某处最高法院的法官席上。 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，heading off ..., aiming at ...和dreaming of ...是并列的定语，sitting on ...作介词of的宾语。 【词语点拨】 （1）head v. 朝……行进；前进（后面常接介词for或to/towards等） （2）aim v. 目的在于；瞄准；针对 n. 目的；目标 【语法点拨】 现在分词doing作定语： 在逻辑上与所修饰的名词之间为主谓关系，也可改成定语从句。单个分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前，分词短语作定语一般放在被修饰词之后。如： A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping girl. 一缕阳光照在睡着的女孩身上。 That is a really touching moment. 那是一个真正感人的瞬间。 A man living in the village rarely sees subways. (=A man who lives in the village rarely sees subways.) 住在村子里的人很少看到地铁。 7. Some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter doesn’t attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates on certain qualities of the object, using color, line and shape to represent them. 【翻译】 有些现代艺术是抽象的，也就是说，画家并不打算把我们眼睛看到的东西如实地画出来，而是集中展现物体的某些品质特征，用色彩、线条和形状把它们呈现出来。 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，doesn’t attempt to和concentrates on是并列谓语，as在句中引导状语从句，using color ...作状语。 【词语点拨】 concentrate v. 专心于；集中 【语法点拨】 现在分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 8. Based on my experience, jogging is the most overvalued form of exercise around, and judging from the number of the people who left our neighborhood jogging army, I’m not alone in my opinion. 【翻译】 根据我的经验，慢跑是最被人高估的运动形式，从退出我们的慢跑大军的人数判断，不只是我有这种观点。 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，who引导限制性定语从句，修饰the people；Based on my experience和judging from作状语，jogging作主语。 【词语点拨】 （1）base v. 基于；把……建立在 n. 基础；基地 （2）judging from/by 从……判断 （3）alone adj. 单独的，独自的 【语法点拨】 （1）过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 （2）doing作主语 ①很多情况下，相当于to do，有时也可用it作形式主语。常用doing作主语的句型： It is no good/use doing ...“做……没用” It is useless doing ...“做……没用” It is worthwhile doing ...“做……是值得的” It is useless trying to persuade Miss Li to accept our advice. 劝说李小姐接受我们的建议是没有用的。 ②如果doing有自己的逻辑主语，doing前可以用形容词性的物主代词或名词所有格来修饰。如： Tom’s/his coming late made the manager very angry. 汤姆/他来晚了让经理很生气。 Would you mind my opening the window? It’s boiling hot inside. 你介意我开窗吗？这里面好热。 ③to do和doing作主语的区别： to do常表示具体的某一动作；doing表示泛指或一般的抽象的概念。如： Bicycling is a good exercise; moreover, it doesn’t pollute the air. 骑自行车是很好的运动，而且还不污染环境。 9. She retired from diving after Atlanta and went to study economics at university. While there she decided to make a comeback and went on to compete at the Sydney Olympic Games, where she won her fourth Olympic gold, again making Olympic history. 【翻译】 她在亚特兰大奥运会后退出跳水界，进入大学攻读经济学专业。在大学期间，她决定重返赛场，随后参加了悉尼奥运会，并在该届奥运会上斩获个人第四枚奥运金牌，再度书写了奥运历史。 【句式分析】 while在句中引导省略的时间状语从句；where引导非限制定语从句，修饰the Sydney Olympic Games；to make和to compete作宾语，making作结果状语。 【词语点拨】 compete v. 竞争；参加比赛 【语法点拨】 不定式to do作宾语： 不定式to do常跟在下列动词后作宾语：ask, agree, beg, begin, start, wish, choose, decide, expect, fail, hope, manage, seek, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, want, would/should like等。如： His parents decide to live in the countryside. 他的父母决意在乡下居住。 We agreed to meet here, but so far she hasn’t turned up yet. 我们约定在这里见面，但是到现在她还没露面。 Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow? 明天和我们一起去野餐好吗？ 10. With more than three children, for example, wives took on more of the extra work, clocking about 28 hours a week compared with husbands’ 10 hours. 【翻译】 比如说，如果孩子数量超过三个，妻子们每周做家务的时间会增加到28个小时，而丈夫仅为10个小时。 【句式分析】 本句是简单句，clocking和compared with作状语。 【词语点拨】 take on 承担；呈现 【语法点拨】 过去分词作状语，具体用法参见第1句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 【2025—2026英语寒假作业】北师版 高一年级 第1周 【词汇冲关】 一、词性转换 1. stress n. 压力；忧虑；紧张 → __________ adj. 充满压力的，紧张的 → __________ adj. 焦虑的，紧张的 2. challenge n. 挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt. 向……挑战 → ________ adj. 富有挑战性的 3. expectation n. 期待；预料，预期 → __________ adj. 期待的，期望的 4. confident adj. 自信的 → __________ n. 自信，信心；信赖 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → __________ adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地 6. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿；志愿 n. 志愿者 → __________ adj. 志愿的；服务的；自愿的 7. graduate vi. 毕业 → __________ n. 毕业 8. inspire vt. 鼓励，激励 → __________ n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人／物；灵感 9. apply vi. 申请；请求 → __________ n. 申请书 10. organise vt. 组织，筹划 → __________ n. 组织，团体，机构 11. formal adj. 正式的，官方的 → __________ adj. 非正式的 12. defend vi. & vt. 保护，保卫 → __________ n. 防守队员，后卫 13. relieve vt. 减轻，缓解 → __________ n. 减轻，缓解 14. cycle vi. 骑自行车 → __________ n. 骑自行车者，自行车运动员 15. amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 → __________ adv. 惊人地，了不起地 16. decorate vi. & vt. 装饰，布置，美化 → __________ n. 装饰物 17. gather vi. & vt. 聚集，聚合 → __________ n. 聚会 二、短语冲关 1. all in all ______________________________ 2. surf the Internet ______________________________ 3. search engine ______________________________ 4. from time to time ______________________________ 5. living room ______________________________ 6. according to ______________________________ 7. in person ______________________________ 8. social media ______________________________ 9. tend to do sth ______________________________ 10. get ahead ______________________________ 11. suffer from ______________________________ 12. to be frank ______________________________ 13. due to ______________________________ 14. in other words ______________________________ 15. graduate from ______________________________ 16. all sorts of ______________________________ 17. give up ______________________________ 18. deal with ______________________________ 19. be responsible for ______________________________ 20. as well as ______________________________ 21. adapt to sth ______________________________ 22. at the moment ______________________________ 23. look forward to (doing) sth ______________________________ 24. rather than ______________________________ 25. in good / bad shape ______________________________ 26. try out for sth ______________________________ 27. crash into ______________________________ 28. gather around ______________________________ 三、单句语法填空 1. Actually, I do know I need __________ (drag) myself away from the online world sometimes, __________ (especial) because real life can be just as interesting. 2. I am always attentive in all classes and think actively, so ________ I can have more free time to do other things that I’m interested _______ after school. 3. He had met wonderful teachers from small villages during his early school years and he ___________ (inspire) by them to go and teach where he was needed the most. 4. He feels so happy that he followed his heart when ___________ (choose) what to do with his life, even though it may not be _________ others expected of him. 5. Paul’s favourite player was Tyrone Bogues, a guy who _________ (play) for the Charlotte Hornets, although we actually agree that they are both _________ (champion). 6. It also strengthens your immune system and _________ (reduce) the risk of serious health problems, as well as more common illnesses ________ colds. 【语法突破】 （一） In ancient times, mooncakes were a kind of offering (供品) to the moon. They are named after the moon goddess (Chang’e), 1 is said to make this kind of cake. 2 (historic), mooncakes were used as a means of communication during the Yuan Dynasty, with secret messages 3 (hide) inside. Today, people give mooncakes to family members, friends, and business partners 4 gifts that stand for good luck and family unity. It is a profound 5 (culture) tradition deeply rooted in Chinese people’s hearts, symbolizing a spiritual feeling. A mooncake typically 6 (measure) around 5 to 10 cm across and up to 5 cm deep. Most mooncakes have a crust (酥皮) enveloping a sweet filling. People in different parts of China prefer different types of mooncakes. Preferences for mooncakes vary widely, 7 (reflect) regional tastes and modern innovations. There are also different styles of mooncake crusts. Cantonese-style mooncakes have a thin, soft crust, while Suzhou-style mooncakes feature a crusty, layered 8 . Another popular type is snow skin mooncake, known for its light taste and colorful 9 (appear). In conclusion, mooncakes carry deep cultural meaning beyond being just 10 seasonal food. Whether traditional or modern, they continue to connect people with Chinese traditions and bring families together during the Mid-Autumn Festival. 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________ （二） China has received 29.22 million foreign visitors this year. Of those, 17 million entered the country under the 144-hour visa-free transit (过境) policy, marking 1 massive 120 percent increase from the previous year. Gabriela Correia, a doctor from Portugal, visited Shanghai and Beijing in June this year with her friend, 2 (enter) the country visa-free. “The regions newly 3 (cover) by the visa-free policy offer unique tourist attractions. What’s more, the tourism facilities in China have been 4 (significant) upgraded and there are ways to make my trip more enjoyable and pleasant like downloading a translator app. Meanwhile, some airports have been making an extra effort 5 (welcome) visitors in different languages.” says Correia, who 6 (visit) 47 countries so far, to the reporter. “I had a lovely experience in a tea specialty restaurant. Thanks to Youdao Translation, we can use its photo feature to translate the menu, 7 restaurants ask diners to order through a QR code linked to Alipay, 8 now includes a translation feature.” Correia also notes that she will never forget the 9 (generous) shown by the Chinese people. She hopes that in the future the relationship between the two countries will be closer and cooperation will be 10 (smooth) than before. Correira adds that she is already planning her next visit. 1. __________ 2. __________ 3. __________ 4. __________ 5. __________ 6. __________ 7. __________ 8. __________ 9. __________ 10. __________ 【阅读基础】 A Arctic Bay Adventures offers you a chance to visit one of the most special places in the world. Our company is run by local Inuit people in Arctic Bay, located on Baffin Island in Nunavut, Canada. Our travel plans are designed by experienced professionals and local Inuit guides who know the land very well. The beautiful nature and rich local culture together create an Arctic experience you can’t find anywhere else. We make sure you have comfortable places to stay and good transportation. After a day of outdoor activities, you can relax in warmth and comfort. Understanding the geography and spirit of this place is key to appreciating the adventures that await. About Arctic Bay Arctic Bay sits in the northwest corner of Baffin Island. At 73°N latitude, it’s far above the Arctic Circle, making it one of the northernmost communities in the world. The village is surrounded by beautiful mountains and has about 800 people. Natural Environment The area around Arctic Bay features amazing rock formations, including tall red cliffs reaching 180 meters high. From May 6 to August 6, Arctic Bay enjoys 24-hour sunlight. This area has surprisingly stable weather because it’s protected from strong northern winds. History and Culture Evidence shows that Inuit people have lived in this area for nearly 5,000 years. The community was officially established in 1927. In 1976, a mine opened nearby, bringing better transportation connections to the outside world. The mine closed in 2002, but it helped modernize the community. Now, are you ready to create memories that will last a lifetime? Your unforgettable personal journey into the heart of the Arctic begins here. 1. What is mentioned as a feature of Arctic Bay Adventures in the passage? A. It focuses on winter activities. B. It serves experienced adventurers. C. It is operated by local Inuit people. D. It provides the cheapest travel packages. 2. What contributed to better connections between Arctic Bay and the outside world? A. A new school. B. A nearby mine. C. A military base. D. A weather station. 3. What is the main purpose of the passage? A. To teach Inuit history. B. To describe the Arctic climate. C. To discuss a closed mine. D. To advertise Arctic travels. B When you see someone absorbed in a highbrow novel on the train or posing with a philosophical volume on social media, you shouldn’t automatically assume they are reading the book. It’s known as “performative reading” as the “reader” wants everyone to know they read, wrote Alaina Demopoulos in The Guardian. They’re signaling they have the “taste and attention span” to pick up a physical book. The phenomenon has its roots in 2021, when a boom in book clubs led by celebrities along with “BookTok”, the section of TikTok dedicated to promoting and discussing commercial fiction, turned favored books into a “trend-driven accessory (配饰)”, said Sarah Manavis in The New Statesman. BookTok is seen as performative, with trendy books going viral not because of the quality of the literature but because it suggests an increasingly fashionable, intellectual-looking style. And when reading becomes a competition, with countless users showing off about having read more than 35 books in a single month, supposedly, quality takes a backseat to demonstrating yourself to be a voracious reader. Social posturing through books isn’t new. What is new is the uniquely unapologetic way social media “rubber-stamps” the idea of books as an accessory, rather than an art. And there’s a danger it could lead to publishers focusing their efforts on books that are “feed-friendly”. But the inconvenient truth is that the virality of literature has led to an uptick in book sales. In 2023, 669 million physical books were sold, the highest overall level ever recorded, along with an increase of visits to UK libraries. “One of life’s simplest pleasures remains falling into a story and tuning the world out, without worrying about what someone’s going to think of you”, said Demopoulos. Enjoy the story. Many people are still doing exactly that. So, rather than “finger-wagging” about performative reading, next time you see someone with a book at a coffee shop or the park, just leave them alone, because this is not a performance for you — they’re simply enjoying the moment. 1. Why do some people engage in performative reading? A. To popularize book clubs. B. To promote reading habits. C. To improve their social image. D. To stress the importance of literature. 2. What does the underlined word “voracious” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A. Slow. B. Eager. C. Selective. D. Occasional. 3. What risk does turning books into accessories create? A. Online reading could take over. B. Physical book sales will decline. C. Book clubs may become exclusive. D. Meaningful content might get sidelined. 4. According to Demopoulos, those who read in public should be ______. A. urged to read privately B. guided to select better materials C. discouraged from posting online D. respected without being disturbed 完形填空 Even after moving back to Australia, I still feel a strong connection to China. Just the other day, I encouraged my Chinese husband to speak with a Chinese family we saw, because I miss China, my 1 for over a decade. My China journey began in the winter of 2014. I 2 as an Australian student to study Chinese at Peking University. What I thought would be a one-year program 3 twelve amazing years. Beijing was a city full of energy. Every day brought 4 to me as things were always changing and moving. High-speed trains and 5 buildings stood beside traditional homes and small local restaurants. More 6 , living there taught me that there isn’t just one way to live or think — a valuable lesson that 7 my worldview. One of my favorite memories was how people connected through 8 . When I started dating my husband, we arranged to play soccer. I arrived and asked, “Where’s the ball?” He explained we would just join 9 already playing. This was new to me. Though I’m a quiet person, I loved this friendly, community spirit, and it became one of my most 10 parts of life in China. Another special experience was 11 Chinese traditions after my children were born. I hired a yuesao, a caregiver who helps new mothers rest and eat special foods for a month. This caring 12 was very different from what many new moms experience in the West, where they often do most things alone. Thanks to my yuesao, I felt well cared for. From my husband’s family to strangers I met, Chinese people were 13 , hardworking, and proud of their culture. They made me feel at home. Now that I’m back in Australia, I sometimes find it 14 to read unfair news about China in the media. Many people don’t understand the real China I came to love. That’s why I feel it’s important to 15 my own story — to help others see the China I knew, a country that gave me so much. 1. A. home B. country C. destination D. workplace 2. A. organized B. arrived C. recognized D. returned 3. A. turned into B. added to C. relied on D. ended with 4. A. adventures B. challenges C. comparison D. discoveries 5. A. plain B. ancient C. modern D. simple 6. A. importantly B. naturally C. typically D. frequently 7. A. tested B. recorded C. changed D. protected 8. A. work B. sports C. language D. reaction 9. A. relatives B. athletes C. friends D. strangers 10. A. specific B. confusing C. cherished D. valueless 11. A. following B. abandoning C. watching D. creating 12. A. charity B. experiment C. practice D. system 13. A. curious B. ashamed C. shy D. warm 14. A. natural B. hard C. breathtaking D. promising 15. A. create B. share C. keep D. invent 【阅读提升】 C Global sea levels continue to rise despite efforts that cities around the world are making to reduce the effects of climate change and their carbon emissions (排放). One firm, however, is hoping to battle the effects of climate change. Driven by alarming estimates that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities like Mumbai could face flooding by 2070, Luca Curci Architects, based in Venice, Italy, has released Floating City — a design that would allow urban areas to rise with the waters while making use of renewable energies to reduce their own carbon emissions. Each 25-acre unit houses 50,000 residents on interconnected platforms, with potential expansion for 200,000 and buildings are capped at 90 meters tall for stability. “Structures must be flexible like bamboo in wind to resist waves,” explains architect Curci. To achieve this, seawater resistant materials are given priority to, while hollow sections in platforms help them float. Meanwhile, movable bridges are constructed to link these “water neighborhoods” to mainland transport systems. The project team also imagines a mix of renewable energy sources extracting power from wind, water, and the sun to power the city. During extreme weather, platforms automatically separate and regroup using smart computer programs inspired by how fish schools avoid hunters. Compared to building artificial islands, this method preserves 68% more marine life and uses surfaces that absorb rainwater to reduce flooding risks. However, challenges persist. Seawater slowly harms materials, requiring maintenance every four months, and emergency plans for extreme weather are still under way. “This isn’t about abandoning coasts but evolving with them,” notes designer Tim Fu. While some question long-term possibility, the design redefines urban adaptability. These dynamic structures harmonize with oceanic rhythms, offering a blueprint for climate solutions. “Cities must learn to dance with the waves,” Curci says. This philosophy could transform humanity’s relationship with rising seas, turning threats into sustainable opportunities. 1. What drove Luca Curci Architects to come up with a new design? A. Energy crisis. B. Possible disasters. C. Tourism expansion. D. Overcrowded cities. 2. Which of the following best describes Luca Curci’s design? A. Complicated and immovable. B. Adaptable and creative. C. Eco-friendly and cost-effective. D. Renewable and widely-used. 3. What is a limitation of Luca Curci’s design? A. It threatens marine life. B. It lacks clean energy options. C. It requires regular repair. D. It ignores coastal water changes. 4. Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text? A. Ocean Protection: Life under Threat B. Connecting to the Future: Eco Solutions C. Rising with the Tides: Floating Cities D. Coastal Design: Inspiration from Bamboo D Adolescence (青春期) is an important period for forming identity and learning to manage emotions. However, many young people express inner troubles not through sadness, but through anger, silence, or misbehavior. This makes helping them particularly challenging. The teenage brain develops in a way that explains much of this behavior. The part handling emotions grows earlier than the part responsible for clear thinking and decision-making. This mismatch often leads teens to react with feelings first, not logic. What looks like anger is often a cover for deeper issues — anxiety, fear, or feeling worthless. Similarly, pulling away usually doesn’t mean they don’t care; it may mean they feel overwhelmed. Teens who can’t manage emotions well often act out through aggression (攻击) or breaking rules. Seeing these actions as calls for help is the first step toward offering real support. Good communication is key when a young person is struggling silently. Active listening — giving full attention, understanding, replying, and remembering what is said — makes a big difference. It helps to accept their feelings even when their behavior is off track. Saying something like, “You seem really upset right now,” can calm the situation and start a conversation. Feeling emotionally safe is essential. Young people talk more openly when they feel accepted, not criticized. Clear rules also build trust and security by making life more predictable. Research confirms that a parenting style that is both firm and warm best supports teen well-being. Besides support from others, teens need their own tools to handle difficulties. Simple techniques, like focusing on what they can see or touch, can help manage strong emotions. Writing in a journal or thinking quietly about their feelings helps teens understand what upsets them. Making choices based on personal values gives direction and builds confidence. These methods help teens face challenges with greater awareness and courage, leading themselves well even through hard times. In summary, helping troubled teens requires looking beyond surface behavior. By recognizing unspoken signals, listening without judgment, and teaching inner strength, both young people and their caregivers can build greater trust and enable meaningful growth. 1. What causes teenagers to react emotionally to situations? A. All brain areas develop at the same pace. B. Logic skills develop before emotions. C. Brain development is complete by age 15. D. Emotions develop faster than reasoning. 2. What can be inferred about teenagers’ anger or silence? A. They usually keep their negative feelings to themselves. B. Silence means teens don’t care about the people around them. C. These behaviors are mainly caused by their dislike of family rules. D. Teens with such behaviors often refuse any form of help from others. 3. Creating an emotionally safe environment helps teenagers to ______. A. rely on their parents for support B. express their thoughts more frankly C. avoid experiencing strong emotions D. focus more on their academic performance 4. According to paragraph 6, why should teens learn these techniques? A. Because it can ensure their decisions are based on logic. B. Because it can reduce their dependence on external support. C. Because it can equip them with skills for dealing with problems. D. Because it can improve their communication with parents and friends. 七选五 Having the skills to keep good emotional health is significant if we want to succeed in our lives. And it’s especially important to adjust our emotions when we are faced with difficult situations. 1 So our ability to have skills to manage both our positive and negative emotions is key. There are many ways to maintain or even improve our emotional health. Stay connected. While living alone can be fun and thrilling, you may feel lonely especially while passing through difficult times in life. Community is important. 2 Online connections are good, but seeing someone in person once in a while is helpful too. Exercise, physical and mental health are interlinked. Staying physically active for at least 30 minutes a day can help to improve your overall emotional health. So why not take on a daily workout routine? But you don’t have to make the workout too hard. 3 Find meaning in your life. Some people have jobs that give them a feeling of purpose, but that’s not the only way to find meaning in your life. 4 Something as simple as caring for a pet or volunteering for a cause that you’re passionate about can also give you that feeling. 5 You don’t have to handle negative emotions on your own. Knowing when to reach out to a mental health professional for help with difficult emotions is a useful skill to have. You should also reach out to one if you have tried to improve your emotional health, but still aren’t feeling your best. A. Know when to turn to somebody else. B. Set goals and celebrate your achievements. C. Just going for a walk around your house can help. D. We are sure to face challenges in our personal lives. E. Having good emotional health is a part of self-awareness. F. Plan regular shared time with friends and family members. G. Do something you have never done but always wanted to do. 【写作训练】 一、应用文 假定你是李华，你的朋友Lily进入高中后加入了校学生会（Students’ Union），写信向你询问如何平衡学习和学生会工作。请你给她写一封回信，内容包括： （1）表示理解； （2）给出合理建议； （3）表达祝福。 注意： （1）词数80左右； （2）请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear Lily, Yours, Li Hua 二、读后续写完成句子练习 1. He turned around, and in the dark distance he _____________________ (看到两只发光的眼睛). 2. Flames reached out of the windows, _________________ (像明亮的橙色手臂) trying to grab the houses all around it. 3. Poisonous black smoke _______________________ (冲上鼻子和喉咙). He cried out for help, but his words were smothered by the terrible noises all around. He clawed his way across the floor, _________________ (气喘吁吁). He could feel the building would _________________ (随时烧成灰烬). 4. _________________ (随时), the ceiling would _________________ (倒塌). 5. It looked as if the house could _________________ (随时倒塌). 6. He stood on the steps, knowing that he could ____________________ (随时会胆怯). 7. There was fire everywhere now — _________________ (从天上如雨水一般落下), rising from the ground. 8. Smoke _________________ (浓烟在他周围盘旋翻转). He _________________ (站起来), gasping for breath. 9. I _________________ (听到喧闹声) and went _________________ (看看发生了什么事情). 10. Shouts and screams _________________ (响起) from the house. 11. They ran into buildings filled with blazing orange flames and _________________ (呛人的黑烟). 12. 他不可能杀死这只野兽。 ______________________________ kill the monster. 13. 他不可能移动那棵大树。 ______________________________ move the enormous tree. 14. 他帮不了妹妹什么忙。 ______________________________ help his sister. 15. 他毫无办法，只能像白痴似地坐在那里。 _______________________________ sit there like an idiot. 16. 看情形似乎无路可逃了。 It seemed ___________________________. 17. 但是无论怎样寻找，她也没有找到约翰来。 But search though she might, she _____________________ John. 18. _________________ (一瞬间), he seemed frozen, staring at the rising water. 19. And then he _________________ (瞥见) something in the water, _________________ (就几英尺远). He _________________ (不知道) what it was. _________________ (一会儿), he imagined it was a whale. 20. He hit the ground hard, but _________________ (几秒钟之内), he was back on his feet. 21. _________________ (立刻，一瞬间), the boy disappeared around the corner. 22. _________________ (不知从哪里), a car zoomed into view. 23. He looked up _________________ (正好看见) a massive tree crashing down on top of him. 【句子精析】 1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是一个含有_______引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个___________引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】 （1）likely adj. _________________ （2）make sense _________________ （3）appeal to _________________ 【语法点拨】 本句中的than any other ...意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句含有“________________________”的句式，同时又含有一个___________引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词_______。 【词语点拨】 （1）expose v. ________________________________________ （2）manage v. ________________________________________ 【语法点拨】 “the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……越……”。如： The more we get together, the happier we’ll be. 我们越是多聚会，我们越快乐。 The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became. 她越干越来劲。 3. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句含有一个_________引导的宾语从句，这个宾语从句又包含一个___________引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】 take on __________________ 【语法点拨】 当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成为“形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分”，意为“更……些”或“较……”。 Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help. 当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。 In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge. 一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。 4. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句含有“___________________”的句式，同时含有两个省略了引导词________的限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词_____________和________________。 【词语点拨】 （1）devote v. 献身；专心于 （2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth _____________________________________________________________________ 【语法点拨】 “the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……越……”，具体用法参见第2句。 5. He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句含有一个_____________引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了____________时态。 【词语点拨】 gain v. _____________________________ 【语法点拨】 过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作”。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如： His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生了。 6. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是由并列连词__________连接的复合句，句中运用了____________时态。 【词语点拨】 （1）suitable adj. _______________________ （2）be suitable for ... __________________________ 【语法点拨】 将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与“by+将来时间”，“before+将来时间”和by the time引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如： He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。 When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 当我们到那里时，她会早已上班去了。 7. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是由并列连词__________连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了___________时，同时，包含有一个_________引导的条件状语从句。 【词语点拨】 （1）celebrate v. _______________________ （2）affect v. ___________________________________ 【语法点拨】将来完成时，具体用法参见第6句。 8. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句包含一个___________引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了____________时。 【词语点拨】 attempt v. ___________________ 【语法点拨】 过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如： What was he writing all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在写什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。 9. The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是由并列连词___________连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了____________时。 【词语点拨】 on a grand scale _______________________________ 【语法点拨】 现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如： We have booked a room for today and tomorrow. 我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。 The house has been empty for ages. 这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着） 10. In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate — something previously seen as beyond our control. 【翻译】 ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，含有一个_________引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了____________时。 【词语点拨】 （1）reach (a) consensus ____________________________ （2）beyond prep. _____________________________________ 【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法参见第9句。 参考答案： 【词汇冲关】 一、词性转换 1. stress n. 压力；忧虑；紧张 → stressful adj. 充满压力的，紧张的 → stressed adj. 焦虑的，紧张的 2. challenge n. 挑战；具有挑战性的事物 vt. 向……挑战 → challenging adj. 富有挑战性的 3. expectation n. 期待；预料，预期 → expectant adj. 期待的，期望的 4. confident adj. 自信的 → confidence n. 自信，信心；信赖 5. fortunate adj. 幸运的 → unfortunately adv. 不幸地；令人遗憾地 6. volunteer vi. & vt. 自愿；志愿 n. 志愿者 → voluntary adj. 志愿的；服务的；自愿的 7. graduate vi. 毕业 → graduation n. 毕业 8. inspire vt. 鼓励，激励 → inspiration n. 激励，鼓舞；给人以灵感的人／物；灵感 9. apply vi. 申请；请求 → application n. 申请书 10. organise vt. 组织，筹划 → organisation n. 组织，团体，机构 11. formal adj. 正式的，官方的 → informal adj. 非正式的 12. defend vi. & vt. 保护，保卫 → defence n. 防守队员，后卫 13. relieve vt. 减轻，缓解 → relief n. 减轻，缓解 14. cycle vi. 骑自行车 → cyclist n. 骑自行车者，自行车运动员 15. amazed adj. 大为惊奇的，惊讶的 → amazingly adv. 惊人地，了不起地 16. decorate vi. & vt. 装饰，布置，美化 → decoration n. 装饰物 17. gather vi. & vt. 聚集，聚合 → gathering n. 聚会 二、短语冲关 1. all in all 总而言之，总的来说 2. surf the Internet 网上冲浪，浏览因特网 3. search engine 搜索引擎 4. from time to time 有时；偶尔；间或 5. living room 起居室 6. according to 按……所说，根据 7. in person 亲自 8. social media 社交媒体 9. tend to do sth 易于做某事 10. get ahead 取得进步，获得成功 11. suffer from （身体或精神上）遭受……（痛苦） 12. to be frank 坦白说，坦率地说 13. due to 因为 14. in other words 换句话说 15. graduate from 从……毕业 16. all sorts of 各种各样的 17. give up 放弃 18. deal with 对付，应付，处理 19. be responsible for 对……负责 20. as well as ……以及…… 21. adapt to sth 适应某事 22. at the moment 此刻，目前，眼下 23. look forward to (doing) sth 期待，盼望 24. rather than 而不是 25. in good / bad shape 健康状况良好／不佳 26. try out for sth 参加……选拔 27. crash into 猛撞，猛击 28. gather around 聚集 三、单句语法填空 1. to drag; especially 2. that; in 3. was inspired 4. choosing; what 5. played; champions 6. reduces; like 【语法突破】 （一） 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了月饼的历史渊源、文化象征、常见规格、地区差异及不同款式特点，强调其超越食物的文化意义。 1. who 考查定语从句。句意：它们以月神嫦娥命名，据说嫦娥制作了这种糕点。分析句子结构可知，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“the moon goddess (Chang’e)”，先行词为人，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who。故填who。 2. Historically 考查词性转换。句意：历史上，月饼在元代曾被用作一种通讯工具，内部藏有秘密信息。此处需用副词形式修饰整个句子，historic的副词形式为historically，注意首字母大写。故填Historically。 3. hidden 考查非谓语动词。句意同上。分析句子结构，此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾补”的复合结构，宾语“secret messages”与动词hide之间为被动关系，故用过去分词hidden作宾补。故填hidden。 4. as 考查介词。句意：如今，人们将月饼作为代表好运和家庭团圆的礼物赠送给家人、朋友和商业伙伴。此处表示“作为”，应用介词as。give sth. to sb. as sth. 为固定搭配。故填as。 5. cultural 考查词性转换。句意：这是一个深刻的文化传统，深植于中国人心中，象征着一种精神感受。此处需用形容词修饰名词tradition。culture的形容词形式为cultural。故填cultural。 6. measures 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：一块月饼的直径通常在5到10厘米之间，厚度可达5厘米。主语“A mooncake”为单数，且此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故填measures。 7. reflecting 考查非谓语动词。句意：对月饼的偏好差异很大，反映了地域口味和现代创新。分析句子结构，主句“Preferences ... vary widely”意思完整，空格处应用非谓语动词作状语，表示伴随情况。动词reflect与主语“Preferences”之间为主动关系，应用现在分词reflecting。故填reflecting。 8. one 考查代词。句意：广式月饼有薄而软的酥皮，而苏式月饼则以硬脆、分层的酥皮为特色。此处为避免重复，用代词one指代前文提到的单数名词“crust”。故填one。 9. appearance 考查词性转换。句意：另一种流行的类型是冰皮月饼，以其清淡的口感和多彩的外观而闻名。形容词colorful后需接名词，appear的名词形式为appearance。故填appearance。 10. a 考查冠词。句意：总之，月饼承载着深厚的文化意义，而不仅仅是一种时令食品。此处“seasonal food”为可数名词单数形式，且在此为泛指，应用不定冠词a。故填a。 （二） 本文是一篇新闻报道，主题语境为人与社会。文章主要介绍了中国144小时过境免签政策带来的入境游客数量增长，并通过一位葡萄牙游客的亲身经历，展现了中国旅游设施的升级、数字化服务的便利以及中国人民的热情好客。 1. a 考查冠词。句意：其中，有1700万人通过144小时过境免签政策入境，这标志着较前一年出现了一个120%的大幅增长。“increase”为可数名词单数，此处为首次提及且表示“一个”大幅增长，应用不定冠词。120%以辅音音素开头，故填a。 2. entering 考查非谓语动词。句意：来自葡萄牙的医生加布里埃拉·科雷亚今年六月和她的朋友访问了上海和北京，凭免签入境。分析句子结构可知，空处为非谓语。主语“Gabriela Correia”与动词enter之间为主动关系，且此处用逗号隔开，表示伴随状态，应用现在分词作状语。故填entering。 3. covered 考查非谓语动词。句意：免签政策新覆盖的地区提供了独特的旅游景点。分析句子成分可知，空处为非谓语。名词“regions”与动词cover之间为被动关系（被政策覆盖），且由“newly”修饰，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填covered。 4. significantly 考查词性转换。句意：更重要的是，中国的旅游设施已经得到了显著升级。此处需用副词修饰动词“upgraded”。significant的副词形式为significantly。故填significantly。 5. to welcome 考查非谓语动词。句意：同时，一些机场一直在付出额外努力，用不同的语言欢迎游客。“make an effort to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”，应用不定式作目的状语。故填to welcome。 6. has visited 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：科雷亚对记者说，她迄今已访问了47个国家。分析句子成分可知，空处为句中谓语。句中“so far”（迄今为止）是现在完成时的标志词，主语“who”指代Correia，为单数第三人称。故填has visited。 7. and 考查连词。句意：多亏了有道翻译，我们可以用它的拍照功能翻译菜单，而且餐厅要求食客通过关联支付宝的二维码点餐。分析句子结构，前后两个分句“we can use ...”和“restaurants ask ...”为并列的顺承关系，应用并列连词and连接。故填and。 8. which 考查定语从句。句意：……支付宝现在包含了一个翻译功能。分析句子结构，此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Alipay”（支付宝），指物，且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which。故填which。 9. generosity 考查词性转换。句意：科雷亚还提到，她永远不会忘记中国人民所展现出的慷慨。定冠词“the”后需接名词，动词“shown”前也应为名词作宾语。generous的名词形式为generosity。故填generosity。 10. smoother 考查形容词比较级。句意：她希望未来两国关系能更加紧密，合作能比以往更顺畅。由“than before”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。smooth为单音节词，比较级为smoother。故填smoother。 【阅读基础】 A 本文是一篇应用文（旅游推广手册）。文章主要介绍了位于加拿大努纳武特地区巴芬岛的“北极湾探险”旅游公司，详细描述了其由当地因纽特人运营的特色、北极湾的地理位置、独特的自然环境、以及社区的历史文化，旨在吸引游客前往体验。 1. C 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Our company is run by local Inuit people in Arctic Bay ...”可知，该公司由当地因纽特人运营。C项“它由当地因纽特人运营”与此完全一致。故选C。 2. B 细节理解题。根据文章History and Culture部分中的“In 1976, a mine opened nearby, bringing better transportation connections to the outside world.”可知，1976年附近一座矿山的开业带来了更好的对外交通联系。B项“附近的一座矿山”与此完全一致。故选B。 3. D 目的意图题。全文围绕“北极湾探险”公司提供的旅行体验展开，介绍了目的地的独特之处（自然、文化、历史），并使用了“offer you a chance”，“create an Arctic experience”, “are you ready to create memories”，“your unforgettable personal journey begins here”等具有宣传和号召性的语言。因此，其主要目的是推广北极旅行。D项“为北极旅行做广告”准确概括了全文意图。故选D。 B 本文是一篇说明文，主题语境为人与社会。文章介绍了“表演性阅读”现象，即人们通过阅读高深书籍或在社交媒体上摆拍书籍来展示自己的品味和社交形象，而非真正享受阅读。文章探讨了这一现象的起源、影响以及潜在风险，最后建议尊重公共阅读者。 1. C 细节理解题。根据第二段“It’s known as ‘performative reading’ as the ‘reader’ wants everyone to know they read ... They’re signaling they have the ‘taste and attention span’ to pick up a physical book.”可知，进行“表演性阅读”的人是为了让每个人知道他们在阅读，以展示自己的品味和注意力，从而改善社交形象。C项“为了改善社交形象”与此一致。故选C。 2. B 词义猜测题。根据第四段“with countless users showing off about having read more than 35 books in a single month ... quality takes a backseat to demonstrating yourself to be a voracious reader.”可知，用户炫耀一个月读35本书以上，质量让位于展示自己是一个“voracious”读者。结合上下文，此处应指阅读量大、渴望阅读的，与eager（渴望的）同义。B项正确。slow（慢的）、selective（挑剔的）、occasional（偶尔的）均不符合语境。故选B。 3. D 细节理解题。根据第五段“And there’s a danger it could lead to publishers focusing their efforts on books that are ‘feed-friendly’.”可知，将书籍变成配饰的危险是出版商可能专注于适合社交媒体推送的书籍，而不是有艺术价值的书籍，这意味着有意义的內容可能被边缘化。D项“有意义的内容可能被边缘化”与此一致。故选D。 4. D 细节理解题。根据最后一段“So, rather than ‘finger-wagging’ about performative reading, next time you see someone with a book at a coffee shop or the park, just leave them alone, because this is not a performance for you — they’re simply enjoying the moment.”可知，Demopoulos认为，对于在公共场合阅读的人，应该让他们独自一人，不要打扰，因为他们可能只是在享受阅读时刻。D项“尊重而不被打扰”正确。故选D。 完形填空 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一位澳大利亚人从最初赴中国学习，到在中国长期生活、组建家庭，最终返回澳大利亚后依然对中国怀有深厚感情的个人经历。通过描述在北京的求学见闻、社区体育活动中体验到的友善、产后遵循中国传统习俗等具体事例，展现了作者对中国文化从接触到理解再到热爱的过程，以及她渴望向世界分享真实中国形象的愿望。 1. A 考查名词辨析。句意：因为我想念中国，这个我十多年的家。前文提到“我鼓励丈夫去和看到的中国家庭交谈”，原因是“我想念中国”，且中国是作者生活了十多年的地方，情感上已成为她的“家”。home（家）最符合这种情感归属。country（国家）和destination（目的地）过于宽泛和正式，无法体现个人情感纽带。workplace（工作场所）与上下文提及的经历（学习、生活）不完全吻合。故选A。 2. B 考查动词辨析。句意：我作为一名澳大利亚学生来到北京大学学习中文。此处描述旅程的开始，即“抵达”北京开始学习。arrive（到达）最准确。organize（组织）和recognize（认出）不符合学生身份入学的语境。return（返回）与后文“旅程开始”矛盾。故选B。 3. A 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我原以为是一年的项目，结果变成了精彩的十二年。这里强调时间的意外延长和性质的转变，从短期项目“变成”了长期生活。turn into（变成）最能表达这种转变。add to（增加）仅表示数量增加，未强调质变；rely on（依赖）和end with（以……结束）逻辑不通。故选A。 4. D 考查名词辨析。句意：每一天都给我带来新发现，因为事物总是在变化和发展。后文“things were always changing and moving”解释了原因，在一个充满变化的环境中，自然会有不断的“发现”。discovery（发现）最贴切。adventure（冒险）和challenge（挑战）带有更强的困难或风险意味，与上文描述的积极体验（amazing years）不完全一致。comparison（比较）在此处不适用。故选D。 5. C 考查形容词辨析。句意：高铁和现代建筑与传统民居和小餐馆比邻而居。此处通过对比展现北京的传统与现代交融。“High-speed trains”是现代化的象征，因此与之并列的建筑物也应是“现代的”，才能形成“modern ... beside traditional ...”的对比结构。modern（现代的）正确。plain（朴素的）、ancient（古老的）、simple（简单的）均无法与“传统”形成有效对比。故选C。 6. A 考查副词辨析。句意：更重要的是，生活在那里教会了我生活方式和思维方式不止一种。此句引入更深层的感悟，比前文描述的城市面貌更为重要，起强调和递进作用。More importantly（更重要的是）是常用衔接短语，符合语境。naturally（自然地）、typically（典型地）、frequently（频繁地）均无法表达这种逻辑递进关系。故选A。 7. C 考查动词辨析。句意：这是改变了我世界观的一堂宝贵课程。前文提到“教会我生活方式不止一种”，这种深刻的领悟自然会“改变”一个人的世界观。change（改变）最直接且程度恰当。test（测试）、record（记录）程度太轻，protect（保护）与上下文无关。故选C。 8. B 考查名词辨析。句意：我最喜欢的记忆之一是人们如何通过运动建立联系。下文详细描述了通过踢足球结识他人的经历，这是“运动”的具体例证。sports（运动）是下文故事的核心。work（工作）、language（语言）、reaction（反应）均与下文内容不符。故选B。 9. D 考查名词辨析。句意：他解释说我们只需要加入那些已经在玩的人。根据“This was new to me”和“community spirit”可知，这种直接加入陌生人正在进行的活动的做法，体现了开放和社区精神。stranger（陌生人）最符合“新认识、原本不认识的人”这一语境。relative（亲戚）、athlete（运动员）、friend（朋友）都与“直接加入”所隐含的“起初不认识”相矛盾。故选D。 10. C 考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管我性格安静，但我热爱这种友好的社区精神，它成了我在中国生活中最珍视的部分之一。前文表达了对这种精神的“爱（loved）”，因此它应该是被“珍视的”。cherished（珍视的，珍贵的）符合积极的情感评价。specific（具体的）、confusing（令人困惑的）、valueless（无价值的）均与情感色彩不符。故选C。 11. A 考查动词辨析。句意：另一个特别的经历是在孩子们出生后遵循中国传统。后文详细描述了雇佣“月嫂”这一中国传统产后护理习俗，这是“遵循”传统的具体表现。follow（遵循，遵照）准确。abandon（抛弃）与文意相反；watch（观看）和create（创造）均不准确。故选A。 12. C 考查名词辨析。句意：这种关爱的做法与西方许多新妈妈的经历非常不同。此处指代前文雇佣月嫂、进行特殊饮食和休息这一整套“做法”或“习俗”。practice（做法，惯例）最合适。charity（慈善）、experiment（实验）不合语境。system（系统）范围太大，这里更侧重具体的习俗实践。故选C。 13. D 考查形容词辨析。句意：从我丈夫的家人到我遇到的陌生人，中国人都很热情、勤劳，并且为自己的文化感到自豪。此处总结对中国人的整体印象，需要与“hardworking, and proud”并列的积极品质。根据全文描述的友善社区精神、月嫂的关怀等，warm（热情的，温暖的）最能概括这种人情味。curious（好奇的）文中未强调；ashamed（羞愧的）和shy（害羞的）与积极评价不符。故选D。 14. B 考查形容词辨析。句意：现在我回到了澳大利亚，我有时觉得在媒体上看到关于中国的不公平新闻是很难受的。后文提到“许多人不了解我所爱的真实中国”，表明作者因了解真实情况而对不实报道感到不快或难以接受。hard（困难的，难以接受的）能准确表达这种感受。natural（自然的）、breathtaking（惊人的）、promising（有希望的）均与负面情感不符。故选B。 15. B 考查动词辨析。句意：这就是为什么我觉得分享我自己的故事很重要——为了帮助他人看到我所了解的中国。文章结尾点明作者写作的目的：通过讲述个人真实经历来纠正误解。share（分享）自己的故事，是达成此目的的直接方式。create（创造）、keep（保持）、invent（发明）均不能准确表达“向他人讲述”的含义。故选B。 【阅读提升】 C 本文是一篇科技说明文。文章介绍了一家意大利建筑事务所为应对海平面上升带来的威胁，所设计的一种创新型“浮动城市”方案。该设计通过模块化、可移动的平台，结合柔性结构和可再生能源技术，旨在使城市区域能够随水位上升而适应，并与海洋环境和谐共生，同时文章也提及了该设计面临的挑战。 1. B 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的“Driven by alarming estimates that 36.6 million people in Asian coastal cities like Mumbai could face flooding by 2070 ...”可知，其设计动机是受到到2070年亚洲沿海城市可能面临洪灾的惊人预测所驱动。这属于潜在的灾难。A项“能源危机”、C项“旅游业扩张”、D项“城市过度拥挤”在文中均未作为设计动机被提及。故选B。 2. B 推理判断题。文章描述了设计的多个特点：结构像竹子一样灵活以抵抗风浪（第二段），使用可再生能源（第三段），平台能在极端天气下自动分离和重组（第三段），以及设计师“城市必须学会与海浪共舞”的理念（最后一段）。这些都体现了设计的“适应性（Adaptable）”和“创造性（Creative）”。A项“复杂且不可移动”与“灵活”、“可移动”的特点相悖；C项“环保且成本效益高”，文中强调了环保（如保护海洋生物、使用可再生能源），但未提及成本效益；D项“可再生的且被广泛使用的”，文中设计利用可再生能源，但该设计本身是一个概念方案，并未被广泛使用。故选B。 3. C 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Seawater slowly harms materials, requiring maintenance every four months ...”明确提到海水会缓慢腐蚀材料，需要每四个月进行一次维护，这是设计面临的一个具体挑战和局限。A项“它威胁海洋生物”与文中“相比建造人工岛，这种方法能多保护68%的海洋生物”的表述相反；B项“它缺乏清洁能源选择”与第三段描述的利用风、水、太阳能等多种可再生能源矛盾；D项“它忽视了沿海水域变化”恰恰是设计旨在应对的核心问题。故选C。 4. C 标题判断题。全文围绕应对海平面上升而设计的“浮动城市（Floating City）”展开，重点在于城市如何“随水位上升（Rise with the waters/Rising with the Tides）”这一核心理念和设计哲学。C项“Rising with the Tides: Floating Cities”（随潮汐而起：浮动城市）准确、形象地抓住了这一主旨。A项“Ocean Protection: Life under Threat”（海洋保护：受威胁的生命）范围过宽，未突出“城市设计”这一具体解决方案；B项“Connecting to the Future: Eco Solutions”（连接未来：生态解决方案）过于宽泛和普通，未体现“浮动”和“适应海平面上升”的特性；D项“Coastal Design: Inspiration from Bamboo”（沿海设计：来自竹子的灵感）只涉及了设计的一个局部特点（结构柔性），不能概括全文。故选C。 D 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了青春期青少年大脑发育不均衡的特点，以及他们如何通过愤怒、沉默或不当行为表达内心困扰。文章解释了情绪发展快于推理发展的原因，并提出了帮助青少年的方法，包括积极倾听、创造情感安全的环境以及教授他们处理情绪的技巧，从而促进他们的成长与信任建立。 1. D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的“The part handling emotions grows earlier than the part responsible for clear thinking and decision-making. This mismatch often leads teens to react with feelings first, not logic.”可知，青少年大脑中处理情绪的部分比负责清晰思维和决策的部分发育得更早，这种不匹配导致他们先以情绪而非逻辑反应。因此，情绪发展比推理发展更快。A项“所有大脑区域以相同速度发育”与文本相反；B项“逻辑技能在情绪之前发育”与文本相反；C项“大脑发育在15岁时完成”文本未提及。故选D。 2. A 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“What looks like anger is often a cover for deeper issues — anxiety, fear, or feeling worthless. Similarly, pulling away usually doesn’t mean they don’t care; it may mean they feel overwhelmed.”可知，青少年的愤怒和沉默往往是更深层问题（如焦虑、恐惧）的掩盖，沉默通常不意味着不关心，而是可能感到不知所措。由此可推断，他们通常将负面情绪隐藏在内心，并通过行为间接表达，而非直接沟通。B项“沉默意味着青少年不关心周围的人”与文本明确相反；C项“这些行为主要源于他们对家庭规则的不喜欢”文本未提及；D项“有此类行为的青少年经常拒绝任何形式的帮助”与文意不符。故选A。 3. B 细节理解题。根据第五段“Feeling emotionally safe is essential. Young people talk more openly when they feel accepted, not criticized.”可知，情感安全的环境让青少年感到被接纳而非批评，从而更开放地表达想法。因此，这有助于他们更坦率地表达思想。A项“依赖父母支持”文本未提及；C项“避免体验强烈情绪”与文意不符；D项“更专注于学业表现”文本未提及。故选B。 4. C 推理判断题。根据第六段“Besides support from others, teens need their own tools to handle difficulties.”以及“These methods help teens face challenges with greater awareness and courage, leading themselves well even through hard times.”可知，青少年学习这些技巧（如正念、写日记、基于价值观的决策）是为了装备自己处理问题的技能，从而更好地面对挑战。A项“确保他们的决策基于逻辑”文本未强调逻辑决策；B项“减少他们对他人支持的依赖”文本提到需要自己的工具，但目的是提升自主能力，而非单纯减少依赖；D项“改善他们与父母和朋友的沟通”文本未直接提及。故选C。 七选五 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讨论了保持良好情绪健康的重要性，并给出了几种具体的方法，如保持社交联系、坚持锻炼、寻找生活意义以及在需要时寻求专业帮助。 1. D 本段首句强调了在困境中调整情绪的重要性。空前为“And it’s especially important to adjust our emotions when we are faced with difficult situations.”，空后为“So our ability ... is key.”，表明空处应解释为何“面对困境”时调整情绪尤为重要。D项“We are sure to face challenges in our personal lives.（我们个人生活中肯定会面临挑战）”直接点明了“困难情境”的具体性，从而引出“因此管理情绪的能力是关键”的结论，逻辑顺畅。故选D。 2. F 本段主旨为“保持联系”（Stay connected）。空前强调“社区很重要”（Community is important），空后则对比了线上联系和线下见面的作用。F项“Plan regular shared time with friends and family members.（计划与朋友和家人的定期相处时间）”是构建“社区”和实现“线下见面”的具体行动建议，完美承接上文并引出下文，是维持社交联系的核心方法。故选F。 3. C 本段围绕“锻炼”展开。空前建议进行每日锻炼但“不必让锻炼太辛苦（you don’t have to make the workout too hard）”，需要一个具体的、强度不大的运动方式作为例子。C项“Just going for a walk around your house can help.（就在家附近散步也有帮助）”提供了最简单可行的低强度运动建议，与前文形成直接例证关系，符合语境。故选C。 4. G 本段讨论“寻找生活意义”。空前指出工作并非唯一的意义来源，需要一个能提供其他意义来源的替代性建议。G项“Do something you have never done but always wanted to do.（做一件你从未做过但一直想做的事）”是一种积极的、探索性的寻找意义的方式，与后文“养宠物”或“做志愿者”这些具体例子属于并列的建议，共同说明了工作之外的多种可能性。故选G。 5. A 本段核心是建议在自我调节无效时寻求外部帮助。空处位于段首，应是本段主旨句。后文详细说明了“不必独自处理负面情绪”以及何时应该寻求心理健康专家的帮助。A项“Know when to turn to somebody else.（知道何时向他人求助）”精准概括了本段主题，与后文内容完全一致。故选A。 【写作训练】 一、应用文 Dear Lily, Congratulations on making the Students’ Union. It is such a wonderful testament to your organizational talent and passion. Yet I fully understand your worry about balancing studies and union duties, so I’m sharing practical tips. First, craft a well-structured schedule, assigning fixed time to each task to avoid last-minute chaos. Second, utilize fragmented time like class breaks to review lessons or draft activity plans — small moments add up. Third, seek help when overwhelmed: share tasks with union peers or ask teachers for time-management advice. Hope these tips work! May your high school life brim with joy, growth and achievements. Yours sincerely, Li Hua 二、读后续写完成句子练习 1. He turned around, and in the dark distance he saw two glowing eyes (看到两只发光的眼睛). 2. Flames reached out of the windows, like bright orange arms (像明亮的橙色手臂) trying to grab the houses all around it. 3. Poisonous black smoke rushed up his nose and down his throat (冲上鼻子和喉咙). He cried out for help, but his words were smothered by the terrible noises all around. He clawed his way across the floor, gasping for breath (气喘吁吁). He could feel the building would be burnt to the ground any second (随时烧成灰烬). 4. Any second/minute (随时), the ceiling would collapse (倒塌). 5. It looked as if the house could crash down any second (随时倒塌). 6. He stood on the steps, knowing that he could lose his nerve any second (随时会胆怯). 7. There was fire everywhere now — raining from the sky (从天上如雨水一般落下), rising from the ground. 8. Smoke swirled all around him (浓烟在他周围盘旋翻转). He rose to his feet (站起来), gasping for breath. 9. I heard a commotion (听到喧闹声) and went to see what was happening (看看发生了什么事情). 10. Shouts and screams rang out (响起) from the house. 11. They ran into buildings filled with blazing orange flames and choking black smoke (呛人的黑烟). 12. 他不可能杀死这只野兽。 There was no way he could kill the monster. 13. 他不可能移动那棵大树。 There was no way he would be able to move the enormous tree. 14. 他帮不了妹妹什么忙。 There was nothing he could do to help his sister. 15. 他毫无办法，只能像白痴似地坐在那里。 There was nothing he could do but sit there like an idiot. 16. 看情形似乎无路可逃了。 It seemed as if there was no way out. 17. 但是无论怎样寻找，她也没有找到约翰来。 But search though she might, she saw no sign of John (=John was nowhere to be seen). 18. For a split second (一瞬间), he seemed frozen, staring at the rising water. 19. And then he caught a glimpse of (瞥见) something in the water, just a few feet away (就几英尺远). He had no idea (不知道) what it was. For a second (一会儿), he imagined it was a whale. 20. He hit the ground hard, but within seconds (几秒钟之内), he was back on his feet. 21. In a flash/blink (立刻，一瞬间), the boy disappeared around the corner. 22. Out of nowhere (不知从哪里), a car zoomed into view. 23. He looked up just in time to see (正好看见) a massive tree crashing down on top of him. 【句子精析】 1. For example, adolescent boys are more likely to buy computer games than any other group, so it makes sense to make computer game ads that appeal to this group. 【翻译】 例如，进入青春期的男孩子就可能比任何其他人群更愿意购买电脑游戏，因此，针对这个目标群体制作有吸引力的电脑游戏广告是有意义的。 【句式分析】 本句是一个含有so引导的结果状语从句的复合句，同时又含有一个than引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】 （1）likely adj. 可能的 （2）make sense 有意义；讲得通 （3）appeal to 吸引 【语法点拨】 本句中的than any other ...意为“比其他任何一个……”，所谈论的对象在比较的范围之内；若不在范围之内，则不用other。如： China is larger than any other country in Asia. 中国比亚洲任何别的国家都大。 China is larger than any country in Africa. 中国比非洲的任何国家都大。 2. The more exposed young people are to financial issues, and the younger they become aware of them, the more likely they are to become responsible, forward-planning adults who manage their finances confidently and effectively. 【翻译】 年轻人越接触经济问题，他们就能越早地了解这些问题，他们就更有可能成为有责任感的、早作打算的成年人，能够有信心地、有效地管理自己的经济问题。 【句式分析】 本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时又含有一个who引导的限制性定语从句，修饰先行词adults。 【词语点拨】 （1）expose v. 揭露；使暴露 （2）manage v. 应付，设法对付；管理；能解决 【语法点拨】 “the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……越……”。如： The more we get together, the happier we’ll be. 我们越是多聚会，我们越快乐。 The longer she worked at it, the more enthusiastic she became. 她越干越来劲。 3. She found that kids praised for “trying hard” did better on testes and were more likely to take on difficult assignments than those praised for being “smart”. 【翻译】 她发现因为努力被表扬的孩子比因为聪明被表扬的孩子在考试中表现得更好，更愿意承担困难的任务。 【句式分析】 本句含有一个that引导的宾语从句，这个宾语从句又包含一个than引导的比较状语从句。 【词语点拨】 take on 承担；呈现 【语法点拨】 当我们要对两个人或物进行比较时，就采用比较级，比较级的构成为“形容词或副词的比较级+than+比较成分”，意为“更……些”或“较……”。 Deeds are better than words when people are in need of help. 当别人需要帮助时，行动胜于语言。 In a word, practice is far more important than book knowledge. 一句话，实践远比书本知识重要。 4. Perhaps more importantly, the better you are at managing the time you devote to your studies, the more time you will have to spend on your outside interests. 【翻译】 也许更重要的是，你越善于管理你的学习时间，你就会有更多的时间用在你课外的兴趣上。 【句式分析】 本句含有“the+比较级，the+比较级”的句式，同时含有两个省略了引导词that的限制性定语从句，分别修饰先行词the time和the more time。 【词语点拨】 （1）devote v. 献身；专心于 （2）spend some money/ time on sth=spend some money/time (in) doing sth意为“花费（时间、金钱等）做某事” 【语法点拨】 “the+比较级，the+比较级”，意为“越……越……”，具体用法参见第2句。 5. He worked there through his school and university years until 1942, a year after he had gained a Master’s degree at university in chemistry. 【翻译】 他读中学和大学的那段时间都在那里工作，一直到1942年，也就是他在大学里获得化学硕士学位后的那一年。 【句式分析】 本句含有一个after引导的时间状语从句，从句中运用了过去完成时态。 【词语点拨】 gain v. （经过努力）获得，取得 【语法点拨】 过去完成时的构成：had done，表示“过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成了的动作”。它表示动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。表示过去某一时间可用by, before, after等构成的短语，也可用when, before等引导的从句或通过上下文表示。如： His eyes shone brightly when he finally received the gift he had long expected. 当她终于收到她盼望已久的礼物时，她兴奋得两眼闪光。 By the time he was twelve, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 12岁时，爱迪生就开始自己谋生了。 6. By the end of the century, we will have discovered other places in our solar system suitable for living and we will have discovered ways to go further into space. 【翻译】 到本世纪末，我们将会在太阳系中发现其他适合人类居住的星球，并将发现进行更远空间探索的方法。 【句式分析】 本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，句中运用了将来完成时态。 【词语点拨】 （1）suitable adj. 合适的，适当的 （2）be suitable for ... 适合…… 【语法点拨】 将来完成时的构成：will/shall have done，表示“到将来某一时间为止已经完成的动作”。常与“by+将来时间”，“before+将来时间”和by the time引导的表示将来时间的从句连用。如： He will have finished writing his novel by the end of next year. 到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。 When we get there, she’ll have gone to work. 当我们到那里时，她会早已上班去了。 7. In today’s world, winners are celebrated and treated as heroes, but if doping and gene-therapy continue to affect the outcomes of major sporting events, the word “hero” will have lost all meaning. 【翻译】 在当今世界，人们祝贺获胜者，并把他们看作英雄，但如果服用兴奋剂和基因治疗继续影响着主要体育项目的成绩的话，“英雄”就失去了它的全部意义。 【句式分析】 本句是由并列连词but连接的复合句，第二个分句运用了将来完成时，同时，包含有一个if引导的条件状语从句。 【词语点拨】 （1）celebrate v. 庆祝 （2）affect v. 影响，感动 【语法点拨】将来完成时，具体用法参见第6句。 8. One of the earliest epidemics on record happened about 500-550 AD when the Roman emperor at the time was attempting to rebuild the Roman Empire. 【翻译】 历史上有记载的最早的传染病之一发生在公元500—550年，当时的罗马皇帝正在试图重建罗马帝国。 【句式分析】 本句包含一个when引导的限制性定语从句，从句中运用了过去进行时。 【词语点拨】 attempt v. 尝试，试图 【语法点拨】 过去进行时的构成：was/were doing，表示“过去某个时间正在进行的动作”。常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。如： What was he writing all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在写什么？ My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来受伤了。 9. The last few years have seen environmental disasters on a grand scale, and experts are predicting far worse to come. 【翻译】 最近的几年里，人们见证了大规模的环境灾难，专家们预测更为严重的灾难即将发生。 【句式分析】 本句是由并列连词and连接的复合句，第一个分句运用了现在完成时。 【词语点拨】 on a grand scale 大规模地，大张旗鼓地 【语法点拨】 现在完成时的构成：has/have done，常表示“某一动作或状态发生在过去，对现在有影响”，也可表示“持续到现在的动作或状态”。常用的时间状语：for或since引导的时间状语及before, until now, up till now, so far, up to the moment, in the last few years等。如： We have booked a room for today and tomorrow. 我们已经预订了今天和明天的房间。 The house has been empty for ages. 这幢房子已经空了相当长时间了。（现在仍空着） 10. In the last few decades, scientists have reached consensus and reported that human beings are causing changes in the Earth’s climate — something previously seen as beyond our control. 【翻译】 最近几十年，科学家们达成共识并报道说，人类正在引起地球的气候变化—而这在以前看来是我们不能控制的。 【句式分析】 本句是复合句，含有一个that引导的宾语从句，主句中运用了现在完成时。 【词语点拨】 （1）reach (a) consensus 达成共识，达成一致意见 （2）beyond prep. 超过；越过；在……较远的一边 【语法点拨】现在完成时，具体用法参见第9句。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $