Unit 3 Environmental Protection 知识清单-2024-2025学年高二英语人教版选择性必修第三册

该高中英语知识清单系统梳理了“环境保护”主题的核心内容，涵盖核心词汇（分环境问题与污染、影响与后果等四类）、词性变换精析、短语搭配、句型语法、写作框架及考点易错点，搭建从词汇积累到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过分类整合与分级呈现构建知识体系，如核心词汇按“问题-影响-方案-责任”逻辑分类，词性变换标注pollute的名词pollution、形容词polluted等，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“写作论述框架”（如分析环境问题含问题阐述-原因分析-解决方案模块）和“易混词对比”（如environment vs. surroundings），如“3R原则（reduce, reuse, recycle）”词汇组助力记忆，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师可据此设计针对性教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit3 Environmental Protection 知识清单 一、 核心词汇 1. 环境问题与污染 environment n. 环境 → environmental adj. → environmentalist n. 环保主义者 pollute v. 污染 → pollution n. (空气 air/水 water/土壤 soil/噪音 noise ~) contaminate v. 污染，弄脏（尤指化学或放射性污染）→ contamination n. emission n. 排放（物）→ emit v. carbon dioxide (CO2) 二氧化碳 greenhouse gas 温室气体 global warming 全球变暖 climate change 气候变化 extinction n. 灭绝 → become extinct v. endangered adj. 濒危的 → endangered species 濒危物种 deforestation n. 森林砍伐 desertification n. 沙漠化 ecosystem n. 生态系统 waste n. 废物，垃圾 / v. 浪费 plastic n. 塑料 → microplastics n. 微塑料 2. 影响与后果 impact n./v. 影响 consequence n. 后果 disaster n. 灾难 → natural disaster 自然灾害 drought n. 干旱 flood n. 洪水 sea level rise 海平面上升 extreme weather 极端天气 harm n./v. 伤害 → harmful adj. ←→ harmless adj. threat n. 威胁 → threaten v. → threatened adj. 受到威胁的 crisis n. 危机（复数：crises） 3. 解决方案与行动 protect v. 保护 → protection n. conserve v. 保护，节约 → conservation n. 保护（自然资源） preserve v. 保护，保存（原状）→ preservation n. sustainable adj. 可持续的 → sustainability n. → sustainable development 可持续发展 renewable adj. 可再生的 → renewable energy 可再生能源（solar, wind, hydro） recycle v. 回收利用 → recycling n. reuse v. 重复使用 reduce v. 减少 restore v. 恢复，修复 → restoration n. alternative adj. 可供选择的 / n. 替代品 ban v./n. 禁止 regulation n. 规章，管理 → regulate v. 4. 责任与倡导 responsibility n. 责任 → responsible adj. → be responsible for awareness n. 意识 → raise awareness 提高意识 advocate v. 倡导，支持 / n. 倡导者 campaign n. （宣传）运动 / v. 发起运动 take action 采取行动 individual n. 个人 / adj. 个人的 global adj. 全球的 → global cooperation 全球合作 urgent adj. 紧急的 → urgency n. 二、 高考高频词性变换与用法精析 1. pollute (v.) 名词：pollution (污染，不可数) 形容词：polluted (被污染的)， polluting (造成污染的) 人物：polluter (污染者) 2. environment (n.) 形容词：environmental (环境的) 副词：environmentally (环境上) → environmentally friendly 环保的 人物：environmentalist (环保人士) 3. sustain (v.) 形容词：sustainable (可持续的)， sustained (持续的) 名词：sustainability (可持续性)， sustenance (食物，生计) 4. consume (v.) 名词：consumption (消费，消耗) 人物：consumer (消费者) 5. vary (v.) 形容词：various (各种各样的)， variable (易变的)， varied (多样化的) 名词：variety (多样性) → a variety of 名词：variation (变化，变种) 6. protect (v.) 名词：protection (保护) 形容词：protective (保护的) 固定搭配：protect... from/against... 保护……免受…… 三、 重点短语与固定搭配 A. 描述问题与影响 1. lead to / result in / contribute to 导致，造成 2. be responsible for 对……负责；是……的原因 3. pose a threat to 对……构成威胁 4. have a negative impact on 对……有负面影响 5. suffer from 遭受 6. at an alarming rate 以惊人的速度 7. in danger of 处于……危险中 8. run out of 用完，耗尽（资源） 9. wipe out 消灭，彻底摧毁（物种） 10. give rise to 引起，导致 B. 提出解决方案 1. take measures/steps/action to do 采取措施做某事 2. deal with / cope with / address 处理，应对（问题） 3. fight against / combat 与……作斗争 4. cut down on / reduce 减少 5. switch to / turn to 转向，改用（更环保的方式） 6. make use of / utilize 利用 7. replace... with... 用……替代…… 8. play a part/role in 在……中发挥作用 9. raise public awareness 提高公众意识 10. call for 呼吁，要求 C. 可持续发展理念 1. live in harmony with 与……和谐共处 2. meet the needs of 满足……的需求 3. for the sake of 为了……（的利益） 4. in the long term / run 从长远来看 5. balance between A and B A与B之间的平衡 6. green lifestyle 绿色生活方式 7. low-carbon life 低碳生活 8. conserve energy and water 节约能源和水 四、 重点句型与语法结构 1. “It is + 形容词/名词 + that从句” （陈述严重性或紧迫性） 写作提分句：It is undeniable that climate change is one of the greatest challenges of our time. 写作提分句：It is an urgent task for the global community to reduce carbon emissions. 2. “Only + 状语” 置于句首引起的部分倒装（强调条件） 写作提分句：Only by working together can we hope to reverse the damage to our planet. 3. 非限制性定语从句 写作提分句：Plastic waste, which takes centuries to decompose, is polluting our oceans. 功能：用于插入关键事实或数据，增强论述的科学性和说服力。 4. “so... that...” / “such... that...” 引导的结果状语从句（强调程度） 写作提分句：The situation is so severe that immediate action is required. 写作提分句：It is such a complex problem that no single country can solve it alone. 5. 现在分词作状语 （表原因、伴随） 写作提分句：Realizing the urgency of the issue, many young people have joined environmental campaigns. 写作提分句：The river flows through the city, carrying all sorts of pollutants with it. 6. 被动语态 （突出客观事实或行为对象） 写作提分句：More efforts must be made to protect endangered species. 写作提分句：A large area of rainforest is being destroyed every day. 考点：在描述环境现状和呼吁行动时，被动语态使用频繁。 五、 主题写作与论述框架 1. 分析某一环境问题及其解决方案（议论文/报告） 问题阐述：In recent decades, [问题，e.g., plastic pollution] has escalated into a global crisis, posing a severe threat to marine life and human health. 原因分析：This is primarily due to excessive consumption of single-use plastics and inadequate recycling systems. 影响描述：Consequently, not only are ecosystems being destroyed, but micro-plastics are also entering our food chain, which may lead to long-term health issues. 解决方案：To address this, a multifaceted approach is essential. Governments should enforce strict bans on unnecessary plastics. Industries ought to invest in biodegradable alternatives. Most importantly, as individuals, we must commit to reducing, reusing, and recycling. 结论呼吁：Only through collective responsibility and immediate action can we hope to cleanse our planet of this pervasive pollution. 2. 论述“个人在环保中的作用”（议论文框架） 论点句：While large-scale policies are crucial, the power of individual actions in environmental protection cannot be underestimated. 论据1 (消费选择的力量)：Everyday choices, such as opting for public transport, reducing energy consumption, and avoiding single-use products, collectively lead to a significant reduction in carbon footprint and waste. 论据2 (影响与倡导)：Individuals can serve as role models within their communities, inspiring others to adopt greener habits. Furthermore, by voicing concerns and supporting eco-friendly businesses, the public can drive market and policy changes. 论据3 (公民责任)：Protecting the environment is a shared responsibility. Individual action embodies this responsibility and is the foundation upon which broader societal change is built. 结论：Therefore, each person is not just a drop in the ocean but an essential part of the wave of change needed to secure a sustainable future. 3. 经典作文开头/结尾句 开头：Our planet is sending us a distress signal, marked by melting glaciers, raging wildfires, and vanishing biodiversity, urging humanity to rethink its relationship with the natural world. 结尾：The path to a greener future is paved not by distant promises, but by the concrete steps we take today. Let us be the generation that chooses stewardship over exploitation, ensuring that the symphony of nature continues for centuries to come. 六、 高考考点提要与易错点 1. 易混词辨析： environment (环境总称) vs. surroundings (周围环境，具体地点) pollute (广义污染) vs. contaminate (多指化学、生物污染，程度更重) conserve (节约使用并保护，如 conserve water/energy) vs. preserve (保护原状，如 preserve forests/tradition) effect (n. 效果) vs. affect (v. 影响) 2. 动词搭配易错点： protect... from/against... 中的介词用 from 或 against。 contribute to 中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。 focus on 专注于。 take action to do (采取行动做某事)。 3. 名词的可数与不可数： pollution, environment, nature, waste (废物义) 通常作不可数名词。 damage (损害) 不可数，但 damages (赔偿金) 可数。 evidence (证据) 不可数。 4. 写作升级建议： 避免总是使用“bad”，描述环境破坏可用：devastating, disastrous, severe, catastrophic。 表达“很多”时，用 a vast amount of / a great deal of (接不可数) 或 a multitude of / numerous (接可数) 替代 “many/much”。 使用 There is no denying the fact that... (无可否认…) 或 It is universally acknowledged that... (众所周知…) 等句式增强论点。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $