Unit1 Cultural Heritage Discovering Useful Structures 课件-2025-2026学年高中英语人教版必修第二册

该高中英语课件聚焦定语从句教学，系统梳理限制性与非限制性定语从句的类型、关系代词和副词的功能及省略规则。课堂导入通过复习旧知、结合图片与关键词造句（如用Wuhan、Indonesia等实例）、从课文文本中提取定语从句等方式，衔接前后知识，搭建学习支架。 其亮点在于融合语言能力、思维品质与学习能力培养，通过“定义游戏”（如用定语从句解释library、vacation等词汇）、句子改写步骤指导（明确主句从句、确定先行词）、复活节岛文本纠错等多样化练习，提升学生语言表达与分析归纳能力。教师可借助表格总结关系词用法、对比两种从句差异，助力高效教学，学生在实践中掌握语法规则，提升语言运用能力。

Discovering Useful Structures Describe people or things in greater detail 人教版（2019）必修二 Discovering Useful Structures Unit 1 Cultural Heritage By the end of this section, you will be able to: summarize the functions of relative pronouns and adverbs; describe people or things using relative clauses properly. Learning objectives Review the knowledge about relative clauses we have learnt. 定 义 用 作 定 语 的 从 句 类型 关系词 Restrictive relative clauses 描述主句所涉及的人或物的具体情况，是主句不可缺少的一部分；如省去，主句意义不完整或失去意义。 Non-restrictive relative clauses 对主句所描述的人或物提供附加情况，起补充说明作用；如省去，主句意义仍完整。 relative pronoun relative adverb that, which, who, whom, whose, as等 when, where, why等 Lead-in Wuhan a city people live happily Wuhan is a city where/in which people are living happily. Please make sentences with the pictures and the given key words by using relative clauses. Indonesia tsunami Indonesia is one of the countries that were hit by the tsunami. one of the countries hit Look at the sentences below and underline the relative pronouns and adverbs. After listening to the scientists who had studied the problem, and citizens who lived near the dam, the government turned to the United Nations for help. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place where they were safe from the water. There comes a time when the old must give way to the new, ... Perhaps the best example is shown by UNESCO, which runs a programme that prevents world cultural heritage sites around the world from disappearing. Find more sentences containing relative clauses from the text on page 4, and discuss briefly with a partner the major functions of them. Then make a short summary in a table or mind map. 关系代词 that 指物和人 在从句中作主语或宾语 which 指物 在从句中作主语或宾语 who 指人 在从句中作主语或宾语 whom 在从句中作宾语 whose 指人和物 在从句中作定语 as 指物 在从句中作主语 关系副词 when 指时间 在从句中作时间状语 where 指地点 在从句中作地点状语 why 指原因 在从句中作原因状语 The relative pronouns and adverbs 在意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省略，所修饰的先行词往往不明确，前面一般没有逗号隔开。 We knew the scientist who had studied the problem. （若把从句去掉，则不明白是哪位科学家。） 定语从句 限制性 We knew the physical scientist Hawkins, who had studied the problem.（若把从句去掉，仍然知道是哪位科学家。） 往往是对先行词的附加说明，为先行词提供补充信息，即使去掉，也不会影响先行词的明确性，与主句之间常用逗号隔开。 非限制性 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区分 例 如 例 如 Grammar 定语从句 1. 作直接宾语时可以省略： Alan is a man who is strict with himself in everything (that) he does. 艾伦在做任何事情的时候都对自己严格要求。 The man (who/whom) you saw just now is the head of our department. 你刚才看到的那个人是我们部门的领导。 2. 作表语的关系代词that可以省略： Isabel has changed. She is no longer the little girl (that) she was. 伊莎贝尔已经变了。她再也不是以前那个小女孩了。 3. 在“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句中，关系代词在介词后虽作宾语，却不能 省略： Do you know any libraries from which I can borrow this book? 你知道我能从哪个图书馆借到这本书吗？ 关系代词的省略 1. 当先行词是all, much, anything, something, everything, nothing, little, few等不定代词时： There was not much (that) we could do when it was raining. 下雨的时候我们能做的事不多。 That is all that works. 这就是所有有效的方法。 2. 当先行词为序数词/形容词最高级，或被序数词/形容词最高级修饰时： The first English novel that I read was The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. 我读的第一本英文小说是《汤姆·索亚历险记》。 This is the most beautiful scenery that I have seen so far. 这是我目前见过的最美的风景。 关系代词宜用that不用which的情况 3. 当先行词被all, no, few, any, little, the same, the last, the only, the very等修饰时： I’ve read all the books that my mother bought for me. 我已经读完了妈妈买给我的所有书。 This is the very book (that) I want to read. 这正是我想读的书。 4. 当先行词既有人又有物时： The scientist and his achievements that you told me about are admired by us all. 我们所有人都钦佩你告诉我的那位科学家和他所取得的成就。 5. 当关系代词在从句中作表语时只用that： He isn’t the clever boy that he was. 他不再是以前那个聪明的男孩了。 1. 在定语从句中作介词的宾语，且介词位于关系代词前时： Is this the car for which you paid a high price? 这就是你花高价买的那辆车吗？ 2. 当有两个并列的定语从句时，其中前一个从句的关系代词用that，后一个宜用which： Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open to us. 我给你看一本我从新开放的图书馆里借的小说。 关系代词宜用which不用that的情况 先行词是指人的不定代词时，如one, ones, anyone, everyone, everybody, someone等，或先行词为those且指人时： The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party. 买了房子或搬家的人是举办派对的人。 Those who dare to break the law will be punished. 那些胆敢违反法律的人将会受到惩罚。 关系代词宜用who不用that的情况 1. 关系代词作动词的间接宾语时，用to或for： Who is the girl that he gave the flower to? Who is the girl that he gave the flower? 2. 无关系代词时，也要用to或for： The lady I wrote the poem for was my sister. 我为她写诗的那个女人是我姐姐。 关系代词作动词的间接宾语的情况 1. 介词可置于从句之首，whom或which之前，但不可置于who或that之前： This is the great writer to whom our teacher was referring. 这就是我们老师提到的那位伟大的作家。 He asked a question to which there was no answer. 他问了一个无人回答的问题。 2. 定语从句的谓语如果是以介词结尾的短语动词，则不可把介词移至从句之首，常见的此类短语有look for, listen to, look after, take care of等： He received the email he was looking forward to. 他收到了他期待的电子邮件。 This is the watch which/that I am looking for. 这就是我正在找的那块表。 “介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句的注意事项 who whom whose that which when where why 1. That is the site ________ they discovered caves full of Buddha statues. 2. Does anybody know the reason ________ he refused to sign the document? 3. Sue is the person to ________ I sent the text message yesterday. 4. My brother works in a café ________ top-quality Italian food is served. 5. This is the archaeologist ______ discovered the Inca ruins. 6. On the way home, he helped a young man _______ car had broken down. 7. Tasmania is the most unforgettable place _________ I have ever been to. 8. In European countries, the weekend is usually a time _______ nobody goes to work. 9. This is the story in _______ the valuable blue and white porcelain vase from the Ming Dynasty was finally returned to its owner. where why whom where who whose that/which when which Choose the correct words to fill in the blanks. (Workbook P62-1) Practice n. 质量；品质；素质；特征 adj. 优质的；高质量的 n. 考古学家 n. 山洞；洞穴 Step 1 明确主句和从句。 Step 2 找到先行词，确定它在主句中的功能。 Step 3 根据先行词和关系代词或关系副词在从句中的功能， 确定使用哪个关系代词或关系副词。 一般出现两次的词就是先行词。 Rewrite the sentences using relative clauses. EXAMPLE I have downloaded that free app, but it doesn’t work well. → The free app (which/that) I have downloaded doesn’t work well. vt. 下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料 1. He showed me a photo in his room. It was a photo of a famous cultural relic in Egypt. → The photo _______________________________________________________________ 2. The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. It was formed by members from fifteen countries. → The project team __________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 3. This temple was first built during the Qin Dynasty. → The time _________________________________________________________________ (which/that) he showed me in his room was of a famous cultural relic in Egypt. whose members were from fifteen countries helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. when this temple was first built was during the Qin Dynasty. n. 共和国 坦桑尼亚（国家名） 4. We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. → The professional archaeologist _______________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 5. The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. I found them yesterday. → The place _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ 6. Scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple because they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. → The reason ______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ (who/whom) we met at the entrance to the Great Pyramid explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. where I found the documents about the cultural relics from overseas yesterday is under the desk. why scientists worked together day and night to rescue the temple is that they wanted to preserve it for the next generation. adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手 n. 入口；进入 n. （古埃及的）金字塔；棱锥体 n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工 adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外 Discuss with a partner: Which relative pronouns can be deleted in your sentences? When can you go without the relative pronouns like this? 1. Last winter we saw the well-preserved temple for the first time. I will remember it forever. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 2. I met a German scientist at the party last week. He is likely to be working in our city. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ I will remember forever the time last winter when we first saw the well-preserved temple.（我会永远记得去年冬天的那一刻，就在那一刻我们第一次看到那座 保存完好的寺庙。） I met a German scientist who is likely to be working in our city at the party last week.（上周的聚会上我遇到了一位德国科学家，这位科学家可能会在我们城市工作。） Join the two sentences using relative clauses. Then translate them into Chinese. (Workbook P63-2) 3. This is the bookshop. I found a book about Liang Sicheng’s contribution to protecting China’s cultural heritage in it. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 4. The boy’s proposal was helpful and practical. Most of the students agreed with him. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 5. He does not identify happiness with money. That is the reason. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 6. The committee was established last year. It plays an important role in environmental protection. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ That is the reason why he does not identify happiness with money. （这就是他不把幸福等同于金钱的原因。） Most of the students agreed with the boy whose proposal was helpful and practical. （多数学生都赞同那个男孩，认为他的建议既有用又可行。） The committee which was established last year plays an important role in environmental protection. （去年成立的委员会在环境保护方面发挥了重要的作用。） This is the bookshop where I found a book about Liang Sicheng’s contribution to protecting China’s cultural heritage.（这就是那家书店，我在里面找到了一本书，书中讲述了梁思成对中国文化遗产保护所作出的贡献。） vt. 确认；认出；找到 1. This is the month during which we’d like to travel around. ___________________________________________________________________ 2. She gave a lecture in the hall in which we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 3. Lillian works in a government office in which there are many different departments. ___________________________________________________________________ 4. Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason for which I moved. ___________________________________________________________________ This is the month when we’d like to travel around. She gave a lecture in the hall where we interviewed a famous Beijing opera actor last week. Lillian works in a government office where there are many different departments. Finding a job as a history teacher in another school was the reason why I moved. Rewrite the sentences by replacing prep+which/whom with when/where/why. (Workbook P63-3) 5. Summer is the season in which it is best to practise outside with your team. ___________________________________________________________________ 6. The Longmen Grottoes were the place in which I met the famous artist who showed me many of his paintings and digital photos. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ 7. I relied on my car until it broke down at the place at which the three roads met. ___________________________________________________________________ 8. It is a time at which the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise. He likes to take photos from the roof of his house. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Summer is the season when it is best to practise outside with your team. The Longmen Grottoes were the place where I met the famous artist who showed me many of his paintings and digital photos. I relied on my car until it broke down at the place where the three roads met. He likes to take photos from the roof of his house at a time when the sun begins to set and the moon begins to rise. adj. 数码的；数字显示的 1. No one knows for certain how the islanders transported the statues, they were extremely large and heavy. 2. People doubt that they were dragged (牵引) over the land, that is so rough. 3. Some people think that the islanders used large tools that is made of strong wood. 4. The wood for making the tools probably came from big trees, it did not exist on the island. 5. Some people claim that unknown beings from space moved the statues, they are so heavy. which which were which which were The large stone statues on Easter Island remain a mystery to us. Read about their history and correct the mistakes in the text. (Workbook P63-4) 6. According to the islanders, the finished statues were moved by those had magic powers. 7. It is said that the statues were carved during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the island was ruled by a mysterious society then. 8. The Dutch visited the island in 1722 the time the society that had made the statues had disappeared. 9. The Dutch wanted to get supplies on this island where there were only four thousand people on it. who when EXAMPLE A: What is an exit? B: An exit is the door where/through which you can leave a building. Work in pairs and play a game of definitions. One asks the questions below and the other answers them with relative clauses. Work out two more questions of your own. n. 出口；通道 vi. & vt. 出去；离去 1. What’s a library? (from/in which; where) 2. What’s a good friend? (to whom; who) 3. What’s a vacation? (during which; when) A library is a place from/in which you can borrow books./ A library is a place where you can borrow books. A good friend is someone to whom you can tell your problems./ A good friend is someone who you can tell your problems to. A vacation is a time during which you don’t work./ A vacation is a time when you don’t work. 4. What’s a football coach? (from whom; who) A football coach is someone from whom football players receive training./ A football coach is someone who trains football players. A: What’s a giraffe? B: A giraffe is an animal that has a long neck. A: What’s a dentist? B: A dentist is someone who looks after your teeth. More examples download /ˌdaʊnˈləʊd/ vt. 下载 n. 下载；已下载的数据资料 【教材语境】 I have downloaded that free app, but it doesn’t work well. (P6) 我下载了那个免费的应用程序，但效果不太好。 This app has over a million free e-books to download. 这个应用程序有100多万本免费电子书可供下载。 反义词 upload vt. 上传 n. 上传；上传的文件 republic /rɪˈpʌblɪk/ n. 共和国 【教材语境】 The project team helped protect the national parks in the United Republic of Tanzania. (P6) 项目组帮助保护了坦桑尼亚联合共和国的国家公园。 Words and Expressions professional /prəˈfeʃənl/ adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人员；职业选手 【教材语境】We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. (P6) 我们在大金字塔的入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。 词性转换 profession n. 行业；职业 professor n. 教授 archaeologist /ˌɑːkiˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 考古学家 【教材语境】We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. (P6) 我们在大金字塔的入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。 词性转换 archaeology n. 考古学 archaeological adj. 考古的；考古学的 entrance /ˈentrəns/ n. 入口；进入 【教材语境】 We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. (P6) 我们在大金字塔的入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。 at the entrance to/of ... 在……的入口处 He appointed to meet us at the entrance of the theatre. 他约定在剧院门口和我们碰头。 反义词 exit n. 出口；通道 pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. （古埃及的）金字塔；棱锥体 【教材语境】 We met a professional archaeologist at the entrance to the Great Pyramid. (P6) 我们在大金字塔的入口处遇到了一位专业的考古学家。 process /ˈprəʊses/ n. 过程；进程；步骤 vt. 处理；加工 【教材语境】He explained to us the process of building such a difficult structure. (P6) 他向我们解释了建造如此困难的结构的过程。 overseas /ˌəʊvə(r)ˈsiːz/ adj. 海外的 adv. 在海外 【教材语境】The documents about the cultural relics from overseas are under the desk. (P6) 有关海外文物的文件在桌子下面。 exit /ˈeksɪt/ n. 出口；通道 vi. & vt. 出去；离去 【教材语境】What is an exit? (P6) 什么是出口？ There is a fire exit on each floor of the building. 这栋建筑每层楼都有个消防通道。 拓展 emergency exit 紧急出口 Review the relative clauses and do more exercise. Homework $