Unit 1 Time to Relax.(单词+短语+句型+语法+写作)-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元知识盘点(新教材人教版)

2026-01-13
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创佳质英语乐园
进店逛逛

摘要:

该初中英语单元知识清单系统梳理了八年级下册Unit 1“Time to Relax”的核心内容,涵盖词汇(重点单词、词性变形、短语)、句型、语法(动词不定式)及写作训练四大知识范畴,为学生搭建了从基础词汇积累到语法应用再到写作输出的递进式学习支架。 清单通过“分类细化+功能解析”呈现知识体系,如词汇按词性分名词、动词等,语法分作状语、宾语等功能,培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设计“词性变形练习”“动词不定式同步专练”及写作“句型积累库”,如“encourage sb. to do sth.”等高频结构标注应用场景,助力不同学生高效掌握,教师可直接用于课堂分层教学,提升复习针对性。

内容正文:

2025-2026学年八年级相册英语单元知识盘点 Unit 1 Time to Relax. 目录 第一部分 词汇检测 第二部分 句型熟记 第三部分 词汇精讲精练 第四部分 重点语法及专练 第五部分 写作及强化训练 第一部分 重点词汇 【重点单词】 名词 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 instructor n.教练;指导者 poem n.诗 kung fu n.功夫 outing n.出外游玩;远足 stress n.精神压力;紧张 object n.物品;宾语 programmer n.程序;设计员 sense n.感觉:感官 achievement n.成就 coin n.硬币 stamp n.邮票 postcard n.明信片 suggestion n.建议;提议 failure n. 失败 stage n. 舞台;阶段 动词 ski v.滑雪 express v.表达;表示 manage v.完成(困难的事);管理 push v. 督促;推 reduce v.减少 allow v.使……成为可能;允许 形容词 scared adj.害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的 single adj.单个的;单身的 teenage adj.青少年的 foreign adj. 外国的;国外的 strict adj.严厉的;严格的 副词 rather adv.相当;更准确地说 surprisingly adv.出人意料的;惊人的 importantly adv.重要地 代词 myself pron. 我自己 兼类词 program v.编写程序 n. 程序;(=programme)节目;项目 fear n.&v.害怕;担忧 return n.&.v.回来;归还 chat v.&n.闲聊 【词性变形】 1.instruct (v. 指导)→ instructor ( n. 教练;指导者) 2.express(v. 表达)→expression(n.表达) 3.scare ( v. 使害怕)→ scared ( adj. 害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的) 4.deal ( v. 对付)→ dealt (过去式 / 过去分词) 5.chat ( v. 闲聊) → chatted (过去式 / 过去分词) 6.Italy ( n. 意大利) → Italian ( adj. 意大利的;意大利人的;意大利语的 n. 意大利人;意大利语) 7.program ( v. 编写程序) → programmer ( n. 程序设计员) 8.achieve ( v. 实现;完成)→ achievement ( n. 成就) 9.suggest ( v. 建议;提议)→ suggestion ( n. 建议;提议) 10.fail ( v. 失败)→ failure ( n. 失败) 11.surprise ( v. 使惊奇)→ surprising ( adj. 令人惊讶的;出人意料的)→ surprisingly ( adv. 出人意料地;惊人地) 12.important ( adj. 重要的)→ importantly ( adv. 重要地) 13. poem (n.诗) → poet (n.诗人) → poetic (adj.诗的;富有诗意的) 14. manage (v.管理;设法完成) → manager (n.经理) → management (n.管理) 15. relax (v.放松) → relaxation (n.放松) 16. create (v.创造) → creative (adj.有创造力的) → creation (n.创造物) 【重点短语】 1.play the flute 吹长笛 2.do calligraphy 练书法 3.in one’s free time=in one’s spare time在某人的空闲时间 4.express feelings 表达感受 5.create an app 创建一个应用程序 6.at first 起初;起先 7.be scared of=be afraid of 害怕…… 8.get over your fear 克服你的恐惧 9.up to 正在做;由某人决定 10.give up 放弃 11.in return 作为回报 12.get into 开始做某事;进入 13.give it a go 试一试某事 14.have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 过得愉快 15.once in a while 偶尔地;间或 16.once or twice 偶尔;一两次 17.chat with sb 和某人聊天 18.be worried about=worry about担心 19.go on an outgoing 出外游玩 20.reduce stress 减轻压力 21.be good for 有益于;对…… 有好处 be good at 擅长 be good with 灵巧的;善于应付…… 的 be good to 对…… 友好 22.spend...on... 在…… 上花费…… 23.kill the time 打发时间 24.calm down (使) 平静,镇静,安静 25.such as=for example例如 26.do yoga 做瑜伽 27.keep/stay fit 保持健康 28.start out 开始做;启程,出发 29.at the same time 同时 30.a sense of achievement 成就感 31.around the world 全世界 32.send sb sth = send sth to sb 给某人寄 / 发送某物 33.put up 张贴;搭建;举起 34.dream of 梦想;希望 35.take up 开始做;占用 (时间、空间等) 36.think about 考虑 37.so far 到目前为止 38.hundreds of 成百上千的 39.on stage 在舞台上;公开地 40.after all 最终;毕竟 41.most importantly 最重要的是 42.in one’s life 在某人的一生中 【动词形式】 1.like doing/to do sth=love doing/to do sth 喜欢做某事 2.want to do sth 想要做某事 3.expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事 4.tell sb (not) to do sth 告诉某人 (不要) 做某事 5.used to do sth 过去常常做某事 6.start doing/to do sth=begin doing/to do sth 开始做某事 7.encourage sb to do sth 鼓励某人做某事 8.be afraid to do sth=be scared to do sth害怕 / 不敢做某事 9.by doing sth 通过做某事 10.watch sb do sth 观看某人做某事 watch sb doing sth 观看某人正在做某事 11.spend...doing sth 花费…… 做某事 12.choose to do sth 选择做某事 13.manage to do sth 设法完成某事 14.make sb do sth 使某人做某事 15.feel/be happy to do sth 高兴 / 开心做某事 16.help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 17.a way to do sth = a way of doing sth 做某事的方法 18.see sb do sth 看见某人做了某事 see sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 19.decide to do sth 决定做某事 20.ask sb to do sth 请求某人做某事 21.forget to do sth 忘记做某事 forget doing sth 忘记曾经做过某事 22.let sb do sth 让某人做某事 23.find it + 形容词 + to do sth 发现做某事…… 24.allow sb to do sth 允许某人做某事 25.prefer to do/doing sth 更喜欢做某事 26.hope to do sth 希望做某事 27.be lucky to do sth 很幸运做某事 第二部分 重点句型 【句型】 1、Fu Xing used to be scared of water, but she started swimming to get over her fear.傅兴以前怕水,但她开始游泳来克服恐惧。 2、Fu Xing encouraged Emma to try ice skating again.傅兴鼓励艾玛再次尝试滑冰。 3、What are you up to ?你正在干什么? 4、My grandmother taught me how to write it.我的祖母教我怎么写它。 5、The first step is always the hardest.万事开头难。 6、I can teach you to play a song in return.我可以教你弹一首歌作为回报。 7、How do you usually feel when you manage to do something difficult?当你成功完成一件困难的事情时,你通常有什么感受? 8、It’s important not to forget to relax once in a while.不要忘记偶尔放松一下很重要。 9、Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day.听音乐或阅读音乐可以帮助我们在忙碌的一天后平静下来。 10、His latest app allows people around the world to find study partners for learning Italian.他最新的应用程序允许全球的人们找到学习意大利语的学习伙伴。 11、It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app.看到人们使用这款应用我感到非常有成就感。 12、She dreams of travelling to these places in the future.她梦想着将来去这些地方旅行。 13、I heard you’re thinking about taking up a hobby.我听说你正在考虑培养一个爱好。 14、As long as you don’t give up ,you’ll get better at it over time.只要你坚持不懈,随着时间的推移,你会越来越擅长它。 第三部分 词汇精讲精练 重点单词讲解 1、program 【详解】①program 【名词 n.】 节目;程序;计划 (复数:programs) ②program 【动词 v.】 编写程序;计划;安排 (三单:programs;过去式:programmed) ③programmer 【n.】 程序员;编程人员 → 职业类名词 2、express 【详解】①express 【动词 v. 核心】 表达;表露;传递 固定结构:express sth. (to sb.) 向某人表达某物 ②expression 【名词 n.】 表达;表情;短语;词句 (复数:expressions) 固定搭配:facial expressions 面部表情 an English expression 一个英语短语 3、create 【详解】①create 【动词 v.】 创造;创作;发明 ②creative 【形容词 adj.】 有创造力的;创造性的 ③creativity 【名词 n. 不可数】 创造力;创造性 4、scare 【详解】(1)scare 【动词 v.】 使害怕;惊吓 【固定短语】be scared of 害怕……(= be afraid of) 【用法】① be scared of + sth. 害怕某物 ② be scared of + doing sth. 害怕做某事 (2)形容词辨析 scared 【adj.】 修饰人 → 感到害怕的 例句:The little boy is scared of the dark. 这个小男孩怕黑。 scary 【adj.】 修饰物 / 事 → 令人害怕的;恐怖的 例句:This is a scary movie. 这是一部恐怖电影。 5、encourage 【详解】(1)encourage 【动词 v.】 鼓励;激励 ①encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ② encourage sb. not to do sth. 鼓励某人不要做某事 (2)名词形式:encouragement (不可数 n.)鼓励;鼓舞 6、fear 【详解】①fear 【动词 v.】 害怕;畏惧 (= be afraid of) 【用法】fear sth. /fear doing sth. /fear to do sth. ②fear 【名词 n. 可数 / 不可数】 恐惧;害怕 【固定搭配】 a fear of sth. 对某物的恐惧 in fear 恐惧地 7、mean 【详解】①mean 【动词 v. 不规则】 过去式:meant 过去分词:meant 【用法】 mean doing sth. 意味着;意思是 mean to do sth. 打算;意欲 ②mean 【形容词 adj.】 吝啬的;卑鄙的 ③mean的派生词 meaningful 【adj.】 有意义的 meaningless 【adj.】 无意义的 8、choose 【详解】①choose 【动词】选择 (不规则变形:过去式 chose;过去分词 chosen) 【固定结构】:choose to do sth. 选择做某事 ②名词形式:choice (可数 n.)选择 【固定搭配】make a choice 做选择 9、return 【详解】return 【动词 v. 核心,规则变形】 返回;归还 【固定搭配】 ①return sth. to sb.= give back (sth. to sb.) 把某物归还给某人 ②return to sp. 回到某地 ③return from sp. 从某地回来 ④in return (介词短语)作为回报;作为报答 10、deal 【详解】①deal 【名词 n.】 交易;协议 【固定搭配】make a deal 达成交易 a great deal of 大量的;许多的 → 后接不可数名词 ②deal 【动词 v. 不规则】 处理;应对(过去式:dealt) 【固定搭配】deal with 处理;应对;解决 (= do with,中考必考替换) 【句型】how to deal with sth. 如何处理某事 (固定搭配 how,易错点!) 11、manage 【详解】①manage 管理;设法做到 manage to do sth. 设法做成某事(= succeed in doing sth.,中考同义替换) ②manager 【n.】 经理;管理者 → 职业名词 12、similar 【详解】①similar 【形容词 adj.】 相似的;相像的 【固定搭配】be similar to 和…… 相似 ②similarity 【名词 n.】 相似性;相似点 (复数:similarities) 13、push 【详解】①push 【动词 v.】 推;逼迫;催促 【固定搭配】push sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 push the door 推门 ②push 【名词 n.】 推;推力;压力 【固定搭配】push oneself too hard 给自己太大压力;过度劳累 14、reduce 【详解】reduce及物动词,减轻;减少;降低 【固定搭配】reduce stress 减轻压力 reduce time 减少时间 reduce the risk of... 降低…… 的风 险 reduce pollution 减少污染 15、stress 【详解】①stress【不可数名词】 压力;紧张 【固定搭配】 lower stress 减轻压力 reduce stress 缓解压力 under stress 处于压力中 too much stress 太多压力 ②stress【动词】 使紧张;施压 16、object 【详解】①object【名词】物体;物品;宾语 ②object【动词】 反对;抗议 【固定搭配】object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(to 是介词,后接 doing) 17、allow 【详解】allow【动词】 允许;准许 【固定搭配】 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 18、achieve 【详解】①achieve 动词(v.)实现;取得;达成 【固定搭配】achieve one’s dream 实现梦想 achieve success 取得成功 achieve a goal 达成目标 ② achievement 名词(n.)成就;成绩(可数 / 不可数) 【固定搭配】make great achievements 取得巨大成就 a sense of achievement 成就感 19、prefer 【详解】prefer动词 含义:更喜欢;宁愿(比 like 语气更强) 【用法】①prefer sth. 更喜欢某物 ②prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 ③prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B,更喜欢做 A(to 是介词,后接 doing,易错点) ④prefer to do sth.rather than do sth 宁愿干某事而不愿干某事 20、collect 【详解】①collect动词(v.) 含义:收集;搜集;收藏 【固定搭配】collect stamps 集邮 collect books 藏书 collect information 收集信息 ②变形(词形转换必考) collection (n.) 收藏品;收集 collector (n.) 收藏家 21、rather 【详解】rather副词(adv.) 相当;宁可;反而 ① rather than 而不是(连接并列成分,可接名词 /doing/to do) ② would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 ③rather + adj. 相当…… 22、develop 【详解】①develop 动词(v.)发展;研发;培养;成长 搭配:develop a hobby 培养爱好 /develop new technology 研发新技术 /develop quickly 快速发展 ②development 名词(n.) 发展;发育(不可数,可加形容词修饰) 搭配:the development of science 科学的发展 /healthy development 健康成长 23、fail 【详解】①fail (v.) 失败;不及格 搭配:fail the exam 考试不及格 fail to do sth. 未能做成某事(必考句型) ②failure (n.) 失败;失败者(可数 / 不可数) 24、inspire 【详解】①inspire 动词(v.) 激励;鼓舞;启发 搭配:inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 ②inspiration 名词(n.)灵感;鼓舞;启发(不可数 / 可数) 搭配:get inspiration from 从…… 获得灵感 a source of inspiration 灵感来源 25、strict 【详解】strict形容词(adj.) 含义:严格的;严厉的 搭配:be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格 26、surprise 【详解】①surprise 双词性 名词(n.):惊喜;惊讶 a big surprise 一个大惊喜 /to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 动词(v.):使惊讶;使吃惊 It surprises sb. that.../surprise sb. with sth. ②形容词辨析(ed/ing 必考) surprised (adj.) 修饰人 → 感到惊讶的 → be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 surprising (adj.) 修饰物 / 事 → 令人惊讶的 → a surprising result 令人惊讶的结果 ③surprisingly (adv.) 副词 → 令人惊讶地;居然 重点短语讲解 1、get over ①克服(困难、恐惧、疾病);熬过 例句:She finally got over her fear of speaking English. 她终于克服了说英语的恐惧。 ②从(疾病、悲伤)中恢复过来 例句:It took her a long time to get over the cold. 她花了很久才从感冒中恢复。 2、up to ①多达;直到 → 后接数字 / 时间 例句:This bag can hold up to 10 books. 这个包能装多达 10 本书。/ I work up to 8 o’clock every night. ②由…… 决定;取决于 → It’s up to sb. (to do sth.) (中考必考句型) 例句:It’s up to you to decide where to go. 去哪里由你决定。 ③胜任;适合 例句:She is up to this job. 她能胜任这份工作。 3、give up 固定结构:give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 例句:Never give up learning English. 永远不要放弃学英语。 注意:短语中up 都是副词,代词放中间,名词放两边;后接 doing 的标注清楚 4、get into 用法:后接名词 / 动名词 (doing) ,无 to do 形式。 ①陷入;染上(习惯)→ get into a habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯(必考) 例句:He got into a habit of reading every night. 他养成了每晚读书的 ②进入;考入 → get into a school/college 考入学校 / 大学 例句:She got into a good high school last year. ③对…… 产生兴趣 → get into sth./doing sth. 5、give it a go 试一试;尝试一下 (= have a try /give it a try,完全等同,中考同义替换) 结构:give sth. a go /give it a go (无变形,固定短语) 例句:I have never skated before, but I want to give it a go. 我从没滑过冰,但我想试一试。 6、once in a while 含义:偶尔;有时 (= sometimes /at times,中考同义替换,副词短语) 位置:句首 / 句中 / 句末均可,句首加逗号 例句:Once in a while, I go to the cinema. 我偶尔去看电影。 I eat fast food once in a while. 我有时吃快餐。 7、look alike 含义:看起来相像;长得像 (动词短语,无被动,主语必须是复数 / 两个人) 结构:sb. look alike / A and B look alike 例句:You and your sister look alike. 你和你姐姐长得很像。 They look alike in many ways. 他们在许多方面很像。 8、on the one hand ... on the other hand 含义:一方面…… 另一方面…… (表对比、并列的观点) 用法要点:两个短语连用,可放句首(加逗号),后接完整句子;可单独用 on the other hand 表转折 例句:On the one hand, doing sports is good for health; on the other hand, it can help us relax. 一方面,运动有益健康;另一方面,它能帮我们放松。 9、pass the time 含义:消磨时间;打发时间 例句:She likes reading to pass the time on weekends. 她周末喜欢看书打发时间。 类似词组:pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pass the exam 及格 / 通过考试 pass the park 路过公园 10、start out 含义:出发;动身;起初是 例句:We start out for the park at 8 a.m. 我们早上 8 点出发去公园。 She started out as a teacher. 她起初是一名老师。 11、at the same time 含义:同时;与此同时(副词短语) 用法要点:放句首(加逗号)或句末,表两个动作同时发生,可表转折「但同时」 例句:He can listen to music and do homework at the same time. 他能一边听音乐一边写作业。 12、a sense of + n. 含义:a sense of + 名词 → 一种…… 的感觉 / 意识(中考写作万能加分搭配) 必考高频搭配(全部背会) a sense of happiness 幸福感 a sense of humor 幽默感 a sense of safety 安全感 a sense of responsibility 责任感 a sense of achievement 成就感 13、put up 词性:动词短语 ①张贴;粘贴 → put up a poster 贴海报 /put up notices 贴通知 ②举起;抬起 → put up one’s hand 举手(课堂高频) ③搭建;建造 → put up a tent 搭帐篷 /put up a house 建房 ④留宿;收留 → put sb. up for the night 留某人过夜 14、think about 词性:动词短语 含义:思考;考虑;想起 必考搭配 think about sth. 考虑某事 /think about doing sth. 考虑做某事(无 think about to do!) 辨析:think of 想起;认为 think over 仔细考虑 例句:I am thinking about going to Beijing for vacation. 我在考虑去北京度假。 15、over time 含义:随着时间的推移;久而久之(副词短语) 用法要点:放句首(加逗号)或句末,表时间变化,写作中万能衔接词 例句:Over time, he becomes more confident. 久而久之,他变得更自信了。 16、as long as ①只要(引导条件状语从句,主句将来时,从句一般现在时) 例句:You can pass the exam as long as you study hard. 只要你努力,就能及格。 ②和…… 一样长(表比较) 例句:This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把一样长。 17、so far 词性:副词短语(adv.) 含义:到目前为止;迄今为止;至今 时态固定考点:主句必须用【现在完成时】(have/has + 动词过去分词),这是中考最常考的语法点,百分百必考! 位置灵活:可放句首(加逗号)、句中、句末,不影响时态。 同义替换:up to now /until now(完全通用,中考完形会互换) So far, I have learned English for three years. 到目前为止,我已经学英语三年了。(句首,最常用) We have finished half of the work so far. 到目前为止,我们已经完成了一半的工作。(句末) 18、hundreds of 含义:成百上千的;数以百计的(表模糊数字,后接可数名词复数) 数词必考规则(一起记,不丢分) 具体数字 + hundred → 不加 s,不加 of → two hundred students 两百名学生 hundreds of → 加 s,加 of,无具体数字 → hundreds of students 成百上千的学生 拓展:thousands of 成千上万的 /millions of 数百万的(规则相同) 例句:Hundreds of people come to the park every day. 每天有数百人来公园。 【同步练习】 1. She tried her best to ______ her thanks to the kind stranger with a smile. A. express B.reduce C.manage D.push 【答案】A 【解析】句意“她尽力用微笑向那位善良的陌生人表达感谢”。A选项express意为“表达;表示”,符合语境;B选项reduce意为“减少”,C选项manage意为“完成;管理”,D选项push意为“督促;推”,均不符合句意。 2. The little girl felt ______ when she walked through the dark forest alone. A. strict B.scared C.teenage D.old-fashioned 【答案】B 【解析】句意“那个小女孩独自穿过黑暗的森林时感到害怕”。B选项scared意为“害怕的;对……感到惊慌的”,符合语境;A选项strict意为“严厉的;严格的”,C选项teenage意为“青少年的”,D选项old-fashioned意为“过时的;守旧的”,均不符合句意。 3. Don't let ______ stop you from chasing your dreams. Everyone may face difficulties. A. sense B.achievement C.fear D.suggestion 【答案】C 【解析】句意“不要让恐惧阻止你追逐梦想。每个人都可能面临困难”。C选项fear意为“害怕;担忧”,符合语境;A选项sense意为“感觉;感官”,B选项achievement意为“成就”,D选项suggestion意为“建议;提议”,均不符合句意。 4. Whether we go to the park or the zoo this weekend is ______ you—we all agree with your decision. A. up to B.so far C.in return D.once in a while 【答案】A 【解析】句意“这个周末我们去公园还是动物园由你决定——我们都同意你的决定”。A选项up to意为“正在做;由某人决定”,符合语境;B选项so far意为“到目前为止”,C选项in return意为“作为回报”,D选项once in a while意为“偶尔地;间或”,均不符合句意。 5. My brother decided to ______ playing computer games because it was affecting his study. A. get into B.give up C.dream of D.go on an outing 【答案】B 【解析】句意“我哥哥决定放弃玩电脑游戏,因为这影响了他的学习”。B选项give up意为“放弃”,符合语境;A选项get into意为“开始做某事;进入”,C选项dream of意为“梦想;希望”,D选项go on an outing意为“出外游玩”,均不符合句意。 6. You must ______ the books to the library before the due date, or you will be fined. A. return B.allow C.inspire D.chat 【答案】A 【解析】句意“你必须在到期日前把书还给图书馆,否则会被罚款”。A选项return意为“回来;归还”,符合语境;B选项allow意为“使……成为可能;允许”,C选项inspire意为“激励;鼓舞”,D选项chat意为“闲聊”,均不符合句意。 7. It's not easy, but I believe she can ______ the task successfully with her experience. A. reduce B.object C.manage D.sense 【答案】C 【解析】句意“这并不容易,但我相信凭借她的经验,她能成功完成这项任务”。C选项manage意为“完成(困难的事);管理”,符合语境;A选项reduce意为“减少”,B选项object意为“物品;宾语”,D选项sense意为“感觉;感官”,均不符合句意。 8. The teacher always ______ us to practice speaking English more often in class. A. pushes B.chats C.fails D.suggests 【答案】A 【解析】句意“老师总是督促我们在课堂上多练习说英语”。A选项pushes意为“督促;推”,符合语境;B选项chats意为“闲聊”,C选项fails意为“失败”,D选项suggests意为“建议”(常用搭配为suggest doing sth.,此处语法不符),均不符合句意。 9. My best friend and I often ______ on the phone about our school life after school. A. return B.chat C.reduce D.allow 【答案】B 【解析】句意“我和我最好的朋友放学后经常打电话闲聊我们的学校生活”。B选项chat意为“闲聊”,符合语境;A选项return意为“回来;归还”,C选项reduce意为“减少”,D选项allow意为“允许”,均不符合句意。 10. Our class is planning to ______ to the mountain next Saturday. Would you like to join us? A. go on an outing B.get into C.give up D.dream of 【答案】A 【解析】句意“我们班计划下周六去山上远足。你想加入我们吗?”。A选项go on an outing意为“出外游玩;远足”,符合语境;B选项get into意为“开始做某事;进入”,C选项give up意为“放弃”,D选项dream of意为“梦想;希望”,均不符合句意。 11. To ______ the pressure of study, we should do more sports in our free time. A. sense B.push C.reduce D.achieve 【答案】C 【解析】句意“为了减轻学习压力,我们应该在空闲时间多做运动”。C选项reduce意为“减少”,符合语境;A选项sense意为“感觉;感官”,B选项push意为“督促;推”,D选项achieve意为“成就”(动词形式为achieve,此处需动词,且语义不符),均不符合句意。 12. Too much ______ from work makes my father feel tired every day. A. stress B.failure C.stage D.object 【答案】A 【解析】句意“太多的工作压力让我爸爸每天都觉得很累”。A选项stress意为“精神压力;紧张”,符合语境;B选项failure意为“失败”,C选项stage意为“舞台;阶段”,D选项object意为“物品;宾语”,均不符合句意。 13. The old man collects all kinds of small ______ like stamps and coins. A. achievements B.objects C.suggestions D.senses 【答案】B 【解析】句意“这位老人收集各种小物件,比如邮票和硬币”。B选项objects意为“物品;宾语”,符合语境;A选项achievements意为“成就”,C选项suggestions意为“建议”,D选项senses意为“感觉;感官”,均不符合句意。 14. My parents don't ______ me to stay out late on school nights. A. allow B.inspire C.strict D.return 【答案】A 【解析】句意“我父母不允许我在上学日的晚上熬夜”。A选项allow意为“使……成为可能;允许”,常用搭配为allow sb. to do sth.,符合语境;B选项inspire意为“激励;鼓舞”,C选项strict意为“严厉的;严格的”(形容词,此处需动词),D选项return意为“回来;归还”,均不符合句意。 15. I have a strong ______ that something good will happen to us tomorrow. A. failure B.sense C.stress D.object 【答案】B 【解析】句意“我强烈感觉明天会有好事发生在我们身上”。B选项sense意为“感觉;感官”,符合语境;A选项failure意为“失败”,C选项stress意为“精神压力;紧张”,D选项object意为“物品;宾语”,均不符合句意。 16. His great ______ in science has made him famous all over the world. A. stage B.fear C.achievement D.suggestion 【答案】C 【解析】句意“他在科学上的巨大成就使他闻名世界”。C选项achievement意为“成就”,符合语境;A选项stage意为“舞台;阶段”,B选项fear意为“害怕;担忧”,D选项suggestion意为“建议;提议”,均不符合句意。 17. This book is ______ interesting. I can't put it down after reading the first page. A. surprisingly B.rather C.importantly D.old-fashioned 【答案】B 【解析】句意“这本书相当有趣。读完第一页后我就放不下了”。B选项rather意为“相当;更准确地说”,修饰形容词interesting,符合语境;A选项surprisingly意为“出人意料地;惊人地”,此处无“意外”语义,C选项importantly意为“重要地”,D选项old-fashioned意为“过时的;守旧的”,均不符合句意。 18. Can you give me some useful ______ on how to improve my English writing? A. failures B.objects C.suggestions D.senses 【答案】C 【解析】句意“你能给我一些关于如何提高英语写作的有用建议吗?”。C选项suggestions意为“建议;提议”,符合语境;A选项failures意为“失败”,B选项objects意为“物品;宾语”,D选项senses意为“感觉;感官”,均不符合句意。 19. We have learned three English songs ______. We will learn a new one next week. A. so far B.in return C.once in a while D.up to 【答案】A 【解析】句意“到目前为止,我们已经学了三首英文歌。下周我们将学一首新的”。A选项so far意为“到目前为止”,常与现在完成时连用,符合语境;B选项in return意为“作为回报”,C选项once in a while意为“偶尔地;间或”,D选项up to意为“由某人决定”,均不符合句意。 20. The story of the brave girl ______ many young people to work hard for their goals. A. scares B.inspires C.pushes D.chats 【答案】B 【解析】句意“那个勇敢女孩的故事激励了许多年轻人为自己的目标努力奋斗”。B选项inspires意为“激励;鼓舞”,符合语境;A选项scares意为“害怕;使害怕”,C选项pushes意为“督促;推”,D选项chats意为“闲聊”,均不符合句意。 21.Mr. Xu is good at computers and he can ______ computer games by himself now. A. program B. reduce C. ski D. celebrate 【答案】A 【解析】句意:徐先生擅长电脑,他现在能自己编写电脑游戏程序了。 考查动词辨析。program 编写程序;reduce减少;ski滑雪;celebrate庆祝。结合 computer games 的搭配,program 表示 “编写程序”,符合句意,故选 A。 22.I helped him with his math homework, and ______, he taught me how to play basketball well. A. in fact B. in return C. in short D. in time 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我帮他补习了数学作业,作为回报,他教我如何打好篮球。 考查介词短语辨析。in fact 事实上;in return 作为回报;in short 简言之;in time 及时。结合句意的互相帮助,in return 是本单元核心短语,故选 B。 23.Although it’s a hard task, I believe he can ______ to finish it on time by himself. A. express B. manage C. explore D. search 【答案】B 【解析】句意:虽然这是一项艰巨的任务,但我相信他能自己设法按时完成。 考查动词辨析。express表达;manage 完成,设法做到;explore探索;search寻找,搜寻。manage to do sth. 是固定搭配 “设法做成某事”,符合句意,故选 B。 24.My parents are always ______ about my study. They ask me to finish my homework on time and get good grades. A. foreign B. strict C. single D. balanced 【答案】B 【解析】句意:我的父母总是对我的学习很严格。他们要求我按时完成作业并取得好成绩。 考查形容词辨析。foreign 外国的;strict 严格的;single 单身的;balanced均衡的。根据后文“ask me to finish my homework on time and get good grades要求我按时完成作业并取得好成绩”表明“我的父母对我的学习很严格”,strict“严格的”符合语境。故选B。 25.________, we should learn to relax ourselves when we feel stressed, because health is more important than grades. A. surprisingly B. importantly C. singly D. rather 【答案】B 【解析】句意:重要的是,当我们感到有压力时,应该学会放松自己,因为健康比成绩更重要。 考查副词辨析。surprisingly出人意料地;importantly重要地;singly单独地;各自地;rather 相当;更准确地说。根据后半句“health is more important than grades健康比成绩更重要”,此处表达一个重要的核心观点,importantly“重要地”,副词位于句首,修饰整个句子,符合语境。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The two boys are going to be computer . (program) 【答案】programmers 【详解】句意:这两个男孩将成为计算机程序员。program“程序”,根据“The two boys are going to be”可知,此处表示职业;programmer“程序员”符合题意,The two boys为复数,因此用复数形式programmers。故填programmers。 2.A clear of your ideas can help your schoolmates understand you better. (express) 【答案】expression 【详解】句意:清晰地表达你的想法能够帮助你的同学更好地理解你。根据“A clear...of”可知,横线处需填名词,express“表达”,动词,其名词形式为expression。“A clear expression of...”意为“……的清晰表达”。故填expression。 3.I often watch these old people (dance) in the square. 【答案】dance/dancing 【详解】句意:我经常看这些老人在广场上跳舞。根据“often watch”可知,此处可用watch sb do sth“看到某人经常做某事”或watch sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”,dance“跳舞”,动词。故填dance/dancing。 4.They watched an old woman (play) the erhu under the tree just now. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意:刚才他们看见一位老妇人正在树下拉二胡。根据“They watched an old woman...the erhu under the tree just now.”可知,看见一位老妇人正在树下拉二胡,watch sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”,故填playing。 5.The little boy was too (scare) to move when he saw the big dog. 【答案】scared 【详解】句意:这个小男孩看到那只大狗时吓得不敢动。根据提示“scare”及语境,此处需用其形容词形式“scared”意为“感到害怕的”,用于描述人的感受。故填scared。 6.Li Bai is one of the most famous (poem) in Chinese history—many people love his works. 【答案】poets 【详解】句意:李白是中国历史上最著名的诗人之一,许多人喜爱他的作品。poem“诗歌”,是名词。根据“Li Bai”以及“many people love his works”可知,此处是指“诗人”,应用poet;又因“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”表示“最……之一”,所以此处应用名词poet的复数形式poets。故填poets。 7.The mother gave up (push) her children, so that they can have more free time. 【答案】pushing 【详解】句意:这位母亲放弃了逼迫她的孩子,以便他们有更多的自由时间。分析句子结构和所给单词可知,应填push的动名词形式pushing,作give up的宾语。give up doing sth“放弃做某事”。故填pushing。 8.With my father’s help, I can ride the bike by . (I) 【答案】myself 【详解】句意:在我爸爸的帮助下,我可以自己骑自行车。根据“by”可知,此处使用反身代词,by oneself“独自”,I的反身代词为myself。故填myself。 9.That old man doesn’t have any children. Two volunteers came and (chat) with him yesterday. 【答案】chatted 【详解】句意:那位老人没有孩子。昨天两名志愿者来和他聊天。句子时间状语是yesterday“昨天”,表示过去发生的动作,需用一般过去时,动词chat应用过去式chatted。故填chatted。 10.Our school has lots of green spaces. Students enjoy spending some time (chat) there. 【答案】chatting 【详解】句意:我们的学校有很多绿地。学生们喜欢在那里花些时间聊天。“spend time doing sth”是固定搭配,意为“花费时间做某事”,chat“聊天”,是动词原形,动名词形式是chatting。故填chatting。 11.The food was cold, so I asked to speak to the . (manage) 【答案】manager 【详解】句意:食物是冷的,所以我要求跟经理谈话。manage“管理”,动词;根据“speak to”可知是与人交谈,名词manager“经理”符合语境;此处表示特指,因此使用单数形式。故填manager。 12.My sister isn’t afraid (speak) in public. 【答案】to speak 【详解】句意:我妹妹不害怕在公共场合说话。be afraid to do sth.表示“害怕做某事”。本句中“isn’t afraid”后需接动词不定式形式,isn’t afraid to speak“不害怕说话”。故填​​to speak​​。 13.Everyone should pay attention to (reduce) waste around them to protect the environment. 【答案】reducing 【详解】句意:每个人都应该注意减少身边的浪费以保护环境。reduce“减少”,动词;pay attention to doing sth.表示“注意做某事”,固定词组。故填reducing。 14.Some students from one of the European countries are teaching us how to cook (Italy) food. 【答案】Italian 【详解】句意:一些来自一个欧洲国家的学生正在教我们如何做意大利菜。根据“how to cook…food”及提示词可知,此处需用形容词修饰food,表示“意大利的食物”;Italy需变为Italian“意大利的”,形容词。故填Italian。15.His dream job is to be a computer (program) after graduation. 【答案】programmer 【详解】句意:他的梦想工作是毕业后成为一名计算机程序员。根据“His dream job”可知,此处需要一个表示职业的名词单数,programmer“程序员”符合句意,故填programmer。 16.Walking on the moon was a great (achieve) for mankind. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意:在月球上行走对人类来说是一个伟大的成就。空处位于“a great”后,填可数名词单数作表语。achieve“取得”,动词,名词为achievement“成就”,指具体成就时,是可数的。故填achievement。 17.Getting enough sleep is important for (teenage). 【答案】teenagers 【详解】句意:充足的睡眠对青少年来说很重要。teenage“青少年的”,形容词,介词for后面用名词形式作宾语,teenage的名词形式为teenager“青少年”,应用复数形式泛指青少年们。故填teenagers。 18.I am very proud that I can tell Chinese folk stories to (foreign) in English. 【答案】foreigners 【详解】句意:我很自豪能用英语给外国人讲中国民间故事。foreign“外国的”,介词to后面表示要讲述的对象,用名词形式foreigner“外国人”,用复数形式表泛指。故填foreigners. 19.My teacher gave me some (suggest) on how to keep healthy. 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意:我的老师给了我一些关于如何保持健康的建议。suggest“建议”,动词;some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词,suggest的名词形式为suggestion,可数名词,其复数形式为suggestions。故填suggestions。 20.Thousands of people are going hungry because of the (fail) of this year’s harvest. 【答案】failure 【详解】句意:由于今年收成不好,成千上万的人正在挨饿。根据提示词及“because of the...of this year’s harvest.”可知,此处应用名词形式,表示收成不好。fail“失败”,动词,其名词形式为failure。故填failure。 21.I was hungry, and more (important), my children were hungry. 【答案】importantly 【详解】句意:我饿了,更重要的是,我的孩子们也饿了。根据“I was hungry, and more…my children were hungry.”可知,此处表示“更重要的是”,应用副词短语more importantly,空处应用important的副词形式。故填importantly。 22.Not (surprise), after a long day of hiking, the group was eager to sit down and enjoy a hot meal. 【答案】surprisingly 【详解】句意:毫不意外,在漫长的一天徒步旅行之后,这群人急切地想要坐下来享用一顿热乎的饭菜。分析句子结构可知,此处需用一个副词作状语,修饰整个句子;结合括号内给出的“surprise”,其副词形式“surprisingly”符合“修饰整个句子”的语法要求,“Not surprisingly”表示“长途徒步后团队想坐下来吃饭”这件事本身不令人意外。故填surprisingly。 第四部分 重点语法及专练 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成   动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号,在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class. 李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 Please tell Jim not to come late next time. 请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 二、动词不定式的功能 1、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式可以在句中作状语,表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时通常放在句末,用于正式语境或需要强调时,也可以放在句首,用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 He came to Beijing to have a meeting. 他来北京开会。(表目的) He is too young to look after himself. 他年龄太小,不能照顾自己。(表结果) To protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境,我们应该减少塑料的使用。(表原因) 2、动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后,对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分,使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式,也可以是不带to的不定式,这主要取决于谓语动词。 ①接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有:tell、ask、order、allow、encourage、advise, want, wish, expect invite, choose would like等。 ②接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(see、hear、notice、watch、feel等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。 ③动词help后可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,也可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl. 然后他让我坐在一个女孩旁边。 I saw her get on the bus. 我看见她上了公共汽车。 Can you help me (to) open the door?你能帮我打开门吗? 3、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为: ① It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。 ② It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 【注意】在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 To give is better than to take. 奉献比索取好。 It's necessary for us to learn English well. 对我们来说,学好英语是必要的。 4、动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式经常在decide、want、plan、agree、expect、need、hope、wish、would like 等动词(短语)后作宾语。在动词 think、find等后通常用it作形式宾语。 I decided to join the art club two years ago. 两年前我决定加入美术俱乐部。 I think it interesting to talk with him. 我觉得跟他说话很有意思。 5、作表语 动词不定式作表语,一般表示具体的动作或者说明主语的内容、性质、特征等。句子的主语通常是 dream、job、wish等名词。 My dream is to travel to the moon one day. 我的梦想是有朝一日去月球旅行。 My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 6、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰词的后面。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 【注意】如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 The room is big enough for 10 people to live in . 这个房间大到足够给10个人住。 I want a piece of paper to write on. 我想要一张纸来写。 注意:常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 【同步语法练习】 1.It’s important ________ before you download software. A.think B.to think C.thinking D.thinks 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在下载软件之前,思考是重要的。 考查动词不定式的用法。think思考,动词原形;to think思考,动词不定式;thinking思考,现在分词或动名词;thinks思考,第三人称单数。“It is+形容词+to do sth.”结构中,表示“做某事是……的”,空处应使用不定式形式。故选B。 2.It’s important ________ us ________ the environment. A.of; protect B.of; to protect C.for; protect D.for; to protect 【答案】D 【详解】句意:保护环境对我们来说很重要。 考查固定句型“It’s+adj+for sb to do sth”的用法。根据“It’s important…us…the environment.”可知,此处是“It’s+adj+for sb to do sth”句型,意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”,其中it是形式主语,不定式是真正的主语。故选D。 3.It’s really kind ________ the students ________ a charity sale for the homeless cats. A.for; to organize B.for; organizing C.of; to organize D.of; organizing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:学生们为无家可归的猫组织了一次义卖,他们真是太好了。 考查it固定句型。该句考查固定句型“It is+形容词+of/for+sb+to do sth”的用法,本句中的形容词“kind”修饰人的品质,第一空填of;第二空填不定式作真正的主语。故选C。 4.He stopped ________a rest because he felt tired. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 【答案】C 【详解】句意:他停下来休息,因为他感到累了。 考查动词stop的用法辨析。have动词原形;having动名词;to have动词不定式;had动词过去分词。stop to do sth. 表示“停下来去做某事”,强调目的;stop doing sth. 表示“停止做某事”,强调终止动作。根据句意,他因疲劳而停下(当前动作)以便休息,应用stop to have a rest。故选C。 5.Li Ming chooses ________ his hometown Tianshui in his speech. A.introduce B.introduced C.to introduce D.introducing 【答案】C 【详解】句意:李明在他的演讲中选择介绍他的家乡天水。 考查非谓语动词。choose的用法是“choose to do”,所以此处用动词不定式,故选C。 6.Don’t forget ________ off the lights when you leave the room. A.turn B.to turn C.turning 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当你离开房间时,别忘了关灯。 考查动词非谓语形式。“forget to do”表示忘记要做某事(事情未做),“forget doing”表示忘记做过某事(事情已做)。根据句意,关灯是离开房间时要做的动作,尚未发生,因此用不定式“to turn”。故选B。 7.Try to sing more English songs, and you will find ________ interesting ________ a foreign language. A.it, learning B.that, learn C.it, learn D.it, to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意:尝试多唱英文歌,你会发现学习一门外语很有趣。 考查it固定句型。根据“and you will find…interesting…a foreign language”可知,此处是“find it+adj.+to do sth.”结构,其中it作形式宾语,动词不定式作真正的宾语,第一空使用it,第二空使用to learn。故选D。 8.His dream is ________ a famous chef (厨师), so he practices cooking every day after school. A.be B.to be C.being D.been 【答案】B 【详解】句意:他的梦想是成为一名著名的厨师,所以他每天放学后练习烹饪。 考查动词不定式作表语的用法。根据“His dream is”可知表示“梦想是成为”,固定使用动词不定式to be作表语,强调目标或愿望。故选B。 9.The rule is ________ students from fighting at school. A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这条规则是为了阻止学生在学校打架。 考查非谓语动词。此处用不定式to stop作表语,用来解释说明主语the rule的具体内容和目的。故选B。 10.Some animals are in danger and they need to find somewhere ________. A.to live B.live C.living D.lived 【答案】A 【详解】句意:一些动物处于危险之中,它们需要找到一个居住的地方。 考查非谓语动词。live居住,动词原形;to live动词不定式;living现在分词;lived过去式或过去分词。根据语境可知,此处是“动物需要找到一个居住的地方”,用动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词somewhere。故选A。 11.I think the best way ________ English is by reading English books. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.to learning 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我认为学习英语最好的方法是读英语书。 考查不定式的用法。根据“the best way...”可知,此处考查固定表达the best way to do sth.“做某事的最好方式”,因此此处用不定式。故选C。 12.—I haven’t got a partner ________. —Maybe you can ask John for help. A.work with B.to work with C.working with 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我没有合作伙伴。——也许你可以找约翰帮忙。 考查非谓语动词。此处表示动宾关系work with a partner,故用动词不定式to work with作后置定语。故选B。 13.—I think the Water Park is a good place ________ fun. —I agree with you. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——我认为水上乐园是个玩乐的好地方。——我同意你的看法。 考查不定式。根据“the Water Park is a good place...fun”可知,此处指水上乐园是个玩乐的好地方,用动词不定式“to have fun”作后置定语,修饰名词place。故选C。 14.The box is ________ heavy for me ________ put it on the table. Who can help me? A.so; that B.too; to C.such; that D.enough; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意:这个箱子对我来说太重了,我搬不上桌子。谁能帮我? 考查结果状语从句。so...that...如此……以至于……;too...to...太……而不能……;such...that...如此……以至于……;enough...to...足够……去做……。根据“The box is...heavy for me...put it on the table.”可知,箱子太重导致“我”搬不上去,应用too...to...结构。故选B。 15.The box is too heavy for me _______. A.lift B.lifting C.to lift D.lifted 【答案】C 【详解】句意:这个箱子对我来说太重了,我搬不动。 考查动词的非谓语形式。 lift 提,移动,动词原形;lifting 现在分词形式;to lift动词不定式;lifted过去式和过去分词形式。“too...to...” 为固定结构,意为 “太……而不能……”,其中 to 后接动词原形。在该句中,“The box is too heavy for me to lift.”表示箱子对于我来说太重,以至于我无法提起它。此处应选 to lift表表示结果,故选C 。 16.Lily’s mother told her ________ too much candy. It’s bad for her teeth. A.not to eat B.not eating C.don’t eat D.don’t to eat 【答案】A 【详解】句意:莉莉的妈妈告诉她不要吃太多糖果。这对她的牙齿不好。 考查动词不定式的否定形式。动词“tell”后接宾语和宾语补足语时,需用不定式结构“tell sb to do sth”,其否定形式为“tell sb not to do sth”。选项A“not to eat”符合此语法规则。故选A。 17.—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ______ us a talk about animal protection next week. —That’s wonderful! A.give B.to give C.giving D.gives 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——我们学校将邀请王先生下周给我们做一个关于动物保护的讲座。——那很棒! 考查动词不定式的用法。give给,动词原形;to give动词不定式;giving现在分词;gives动词三单。根据“Our school will invite Mr. Wang ...”可知,考查固定短语invite sb to do sth“邀请某人做某事”,invite后常接动词不定式作宾语补足语。故选B。 18.In China, most parents expect their kids ________ good grades in the exam. A.get B.to get C.getting D.to getting 【答案】B 【详解】句意:在中国,大多数父母期望他们的孩子在考试中取得好成绩。 考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。expect的固定用法是expect sb. to do sth.,意为“期望某人做某事”,此处应选动词不定式to get。故选B。 19.—Our Chinese teacher asks us ______ a diary in Chinese every day. —So my father made me ______ two pages of my diary last night. A.write; to write B.write; writing C.to write; to write D.to write; write 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我们的语文老师要求我们每天用中文写日记。——所以我爸爸昨晚让我写了两页日记。 考查动词ask和make的用法。ask后接动词不定式,即ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”,故第一空填to write;make作为使役动词,后接动词原形,即make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,故第二空填write。故选D。 20.Kitty’s mother makes her ________ for half an hour every morning. A.dance B.dances C.to dance D.dancing 【答案】A 【详解】句意:Kitty的妈妈每天早上让她跳舞半小时。 考查非谓语动词。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”,此处需用动词原形作宾语补足语。故选A。 21.My parents work very hard ________ our family a better life. A.give B.giving C.to give D.gives 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我的父母工作非常努力,为了给我们的家庭一个更好的生活。 考查不定式表示目的。根据“My parents work very hard…our family a better life”可知,努力工作是为了给家庭一个更好的生活,动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 22.—What else should I pay attention to ________ my grades during the exam? —Speak more and listen more. A.develop B.developing C.improving D.to improve 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——为了提高我的成绩,考试期间我还应该注意什么?——多说多听。   考查非谓语动词的用法。develop发展,动词原形;developing动名词/现在分词;improving提高,动名词/现在分词;to improve不定式。根据“pay attention to…my grades”可知,此处需用不定式“to improve”作目的状语,表示“注意……”的目的是“提高成绩”。故选D。 23.—Do you often climb mountains? —Yes,________ a little exercise. I’m out of shape. A.getting B.get C.to getting D.to get 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——你经常爬山吗?——是的,为了得到一点锻炼。我身体不好。 考查非谓语动词。getting得到,动名词或现在分词,get得到,动词原形;to getting语法错误;to get为了得到。根据句意,空格处需表示爬山的目的 (锻炼身体),应使用不定式结构。故选D。 24.My best friend is always happy ________ everything ________ me. A.to share; to B.sharing; for C.to share; with D.sharing; to 【答案】C 【详解】句意:我最好的朋友总是很高兴和我分享一切。 考查非谓语动词以及介词辨析。to朝;for为了;with和……一起;to朝。be happy to do sth.“开心做某事”,动词不定式作原因状语。share sth. with sb.表示“与某人分享某物”。故选C。 25.Daniel is always ready ________ others ________ with their English. A.helping; for need B.to help; in need C.to help; of need D.helping; on need 【答案】B 【详解】句意:丹尼尔总是乐于帮助有需要的人学习英语。 考查非谓语动词以及介词短语。be ready to do sth“乐于做某事”,第一空填动词不定式。in need“有需要的”,介词短语,故选B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We managed (spare) an hour to practice English every day and our language skills improved. 【答案】to spare 【详解】句意:我们设法每天抽出一个小时来练习英语,我们的语言技能得到了提高。spare“抽出(时间)”,动词;manage to do sth.意为“设法做成某事”,所以此处应用动词不定式to spare作宾语。故填to spare。 2.Parents always expect their children (grow) up to be kind people. 【答案】to grow 【详解】句意:父母总是期望他们的孩子长大成为善良的人。根据“expect their children”可知,此处使用expect sb. to do sth.“期望某人做某事”。故填to grow。 3.My sister isn’t afraid (speak) in public. 【答案】to speak 【详解】句意:我妹妹不害怕在公共场合说话。be afraid to do sth.表示“害怕做某事”。本句中“isn’t afraid”后需接动词不定式形式,isn’t afraid to speak“不害怕说话”。故填​​to speak​​。 4.He always encourages us (develop) different hobbies. 【答案】to develop 【详解】句意:他总是鼓励我们培养不同的爱好。encourage sb to do sth“鼓励某人做某事”,此处用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to develop。 5.I often watch these old people (dance) in the square. 【答案】dance/dancing 【详解】句意:我经常看这些老人在广场上跳舞。根据“often watch”可知,此处可用watch sb do sth“看到某人经常做某事”或watch sb doing sth“看到某人正在做某事”,dance“跳舞”,动词。故填dance/dancing。 6.They watched an old woman (play) the erhu under the tree just now. 【答案】playing 【详解】句意:刚才他们看见一位老妇人正在树下拉二胡。根据“They watched an old woman...the erhu under the tree just now.”可知,看见一位老妇人正在树下拉二胡,watch sb doing sth“看见某人正在做某事”,故填playing。 7.To deal with stress from exams, Li Hong started (jog) in the park every morning. 【答案】jogging/to jog 【详解】句意:为了应对考试压力,李红开始每天早上在公园慢跑。jog“慢跑”,start doing sth./start to do sth“开始做某事”,因此填动名词/动词不定式。故填jogging/to jog。 8.You can choose (use) different robots. 【答案】to use 【详解】句意:你可以选择使用不同的机器人。根据“choose”可知,此处考查choose的用法,choose to do sth“选择做某事”,因此这里应填动词不定式形式。故填to use。 9.Can you teach us how (make) a model plane? 【答案】to make 【详解】句意:你能教我们怎样做模型飞机吗?此处应用结构“疑问词+动词不定式”,how to do sth.“怎样做某事”。故填to make。 10.We can go to school by bike to make our city (become) greener. 【答案】become 【详解】句意:我们可以骑自行车去上学,让我们的城市变得更加绿色。分析句子“We can go to school by bike to make our city…greener.”,结合所给词可知,此处应填入动词原形become,作宾语补足语,意为“成为”,指的是让“我”们的城市变得更加绿色。故填become。 11.He decided (not order) dishes at that restaurant. 【答案】not to order 【详解】句意:他决定不在那家餐厅点菜。not order“不点菜”,根据“decide”可知,decide not to do sth.“决定不做某事”,应用动词不定式的否定形式。故填not to order。 12.Our teachers often push us ________ (read)more. 【答案】to read 【详解】句意:我们的老师经常敦促我们去阅读更多。push sb to do意为“敦促某人去做...”,push后接不定式作宾补。故填to read。 13.The doctor will allow me ________ (leave) the hospital tomorrow if I get better. 【答案】to leave 【详解】句意:如果我的情况好转,医生明天会允许我离开医院。 考查动词不定式。allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故填to leave。 14.The old man finds it useful (exercise) every morning. 【答案】to exercise 【详解】句意:老人发现每天早晨锻炼很有用。it是形式宾语,句型“find it+adj.+to do sth.”发现做某事是什么样子的,故填to exercise。 15.Is this small museum a good place (learn) about your hometown? 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意:这个小博物馆是了解你家乡的好地方吗?由“Is this small museum a good place…about your hometown”可知,此处应用动词不定式作定语修饰place。故填to learn。 第五部分 写作及强化训练 写作话题 本单元的主题是“闲暇时间的活动”,要求学生能够运用所学的词汇、语法及句式描述个人在休闲时间的爱好,并探讨放松对生活的重要性。与此相关的主要写作维度有: ①休闲活动的类型与内容(如运动、艺术、科技等); ②参与活动的体验与感受; ③兴趣爱好对个人成长的积极影响。 写作框架 1.开头(总):点明核心爱好 My favorite hobby is reading. It has been my closest friend for years. 2.中间(分) 爱好起源:I fell in love with reading when my mom read The Ugly Duckling to me at five. 日常实践:I spend at least an hour reading every day, usually before bedtime. 具体收获:It opens my eyes to different worlds and teaches me valuable lessons. 3.结尾(总):总结意义并表态 词句积累 词汇积累 爱好类型类:reading(阅读)、basketball(篮球)、painting(绘画)、playing the piano(弹钢琴)、collecting stamps(集邮)、gardening(园艺)、writing(写作)、photography(摄影)、dancing(跳舞)、singing(唱歌)、cooking(烹饪)、fishing(钓鱼)、hiking(徒步)、knitting(编织)、playing chess(下棋)。 动作行为类:cherish(珍视)、enjoy(喜欢)、practice(练习)、spend(花费时间)、join(加入)、attend(参加)、borrow(借阅)、watch(观看)、learn(学习)、discover(发现)、explore(探索)、share(分享)、improve(提升)、develop(培养)、master(掌握)。 感受收获类:joy(快乐)、relaxed(放松的)、proud(自豪的)、amazed(惊讶的)、satisfied(满足的)、knowledge(知识)、skill(技能)、patience(耐心)、teamwork(团队合作)、friendship(友谊)、growth(成长)、wisdom(智慧)、confidence(自信)、perseverance(毅力)。 句型积累 【开头句】 1.My favorite hobby is + 爱好名词.(我最喜欢的爱好是……) 例:My favorite hobby is painting.(我最喜欢的爱好是绘画。) 2.I have a great passion for + 爱好名词 /doing sth.(我对…… 有浓厚的兴趣。) 例:I have a great passion for playing the piano.(我对弹钢琴有浓厚的兴趣。) 3.Nothing makes me happier than + doing sth.(没有什么比…… 更让我开心。) 例:Nothing makes me happier than reading science books.(没有什么比读科学书更让我开心。) 【中间句】 1. I started + 爱好名词 /doing sth. when I was + 年龄.(我…… 岁时开始……) 例:I started fishing when I was ten.(我十岁时开始钓鱼。) 2. I fell in love with + 爱好名词 when + 具体场景句.(当…… 时,我爱上了……) 例:I fell in love with dancing when I watched a ballet show last year.(去年看芭蕾舞表演时,我爱上了跳舞。) 3. My hobby began with + 具体事件.(我的爱好始于……) 例:My hobby of gardening began with a small tomato seed my grandma gave me.(我的园艺爱好始于奶奶给我的一颗小番茄种子。) 4. I spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth. every week.(我每周花…… 时间做某事。) 例:I spend two hours practicing the piano every week.(我每周花两小时练钢琴。) 5. I usually + 动作 + 时间 / 地点.(我通常在…… 时间 / 地点做……) 例:I usually go to the library to borrow books on weekends.(我通常周末去图书馆借书。) 6. Sometimes, I + 动作 + with sb.(有时我和某人一起做……) 例:Sometimes, I play chess with my grandpa after dinner.(有时我晚饭后和爷爷下棋。) 7. I often join + 相关活动名词 + to improve my skill.(我经常参加…… 来提升技能。) 例:I often join painting competitions to improve my skill.(我经常参加绘画比赛来提升技能。) 收获表达句式: 8. Doing sth. helps me + 收获(动词短语).(做某事帮我……) 例:Playing basketball helps me build up my body.(打篮球帮我强身健体。) 9. From doing sth., I have learned + 收获(名词短语).(从做某事中,我学会了……) 例:From gardening, I have learned the importance of patience.(从园艺中,我学会了耐心的重要性。) 10. Sth. not only + 收获 1, but also + 收获 2.(某事不仅……,还……) 例:Reading not only expands my vocabulary, but also improves my writing skills.(阅读不仅扩大我的词汇量,还提升我的写作能力。) 11. This hobby makes me + 情感形容词.(这个爱好让我……) 例:This hobby makes me feel relaxed after a busy day.(这个爱好让我在忙碌一天后感到放松。) 12. Through doing sth., I have made many friends who + 共同爱好.(通过做某事,我认识了很多…… 的朋友。) 例:Through dancing, I have made many friends who love ballet.(通过跳舞,我认识了很多喜欢芭蕾舞的朋友。) 【结尾句】 1. I will keep + 爱好名词 /doing sth. forever.(我会永远坚持……) 例:I will keep collecting stamps forever.(我会永远坚持集邮。) 2. Sth. is like + 比喻对象 + in my life.(某事就像我生命中的……) 例:Painting is like a colorful window in my life.(绘画就像我生命中一扇多彩的窗户。) 3. I think sth. has a great influence on my growth.(我认为某事对我的成长有很大影响。) 例:I think reading has a great influence on my growth.(我认为阅读对我的成长有很大影响。) 4. It is the most + 形容词 + hobby because + 原因.(它是最…… 的爱好,因为……) 例:It is the most meaningful hobby because it teaches me lots of wisdom.(它是最有意义的爱好,因为它教给我很多智慧。) 5. I am grateful for this hobby because it + 带来的改变.(我感激这个爱好,因为它……) 例:I am grateful for this hobby because it makes my life more colorful.(我感激这个爱好,因为它让我的生活更丰富多彩。) 范文欣赏 One thing I always do in my free time Hobbies are like keys to a peaceful mind. They help me balance study and life while I discover hidden talents. My favourite free-time activity is cycling. I started this activity when I was nine, after receiving a blue bicycle as a gift. At first, I wobbled and fell often, but my father taught me to keep trying. Now, I ride through parks and quiet streets every weekend.It lets me feel the wind on my face and enjoy nature’s beauty. Watching cherry blossoms while cycling in spring always lifts my spirits. I find it fun to explore new routes, and it makes me really happy when I reach the top of a hill after a tough climb. Cycling also helps me stay energetic and focused on school tasks. This hobby not only keeps me healthy but also teaches me to embrace challenges bravely. Every ride reminds me that effort leads to rewarding views. 【同步练习】 1.爱好不仅是一种娱乐方式,它还能让我们的生活更加丰富多彩。在学习之余,学生还应该拥有健康、惬意的爱好(如运动、绘画、读书等)。请选择一项你的爱好,以 “My Hobby” 为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文。 My Hobby What’s your hobby? What made you start your hobby? How do you develop (培养) this hobby? What can you learn from your hobby? 注意事项: 1. 必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入总词数; 2. 意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范; 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 My Hobby It’s important to have a hobby in life. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Hobby It’s important to have a hobby in life. My hobby is reading books. I started this hobby when my parents gave me a storybook on my 8th birthday. The colorful pictures and interesting stories made me fall in love with reading.     To develop this hobby, I set aside 30 minutes every day to read. I also visit the library every weekend to borrow new books.     From reading, I learn new words, improve my knowledge, and explore different cultures. It makes my life more colorful and helps me relax after study. 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材:本文是一篇记叙文,为材料作文; ② 时态:为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”; ③ 提示:根据所给提示完成写作,注意标点符号及大小写等问题,不要犯语法错误。注意上下文之间的逻辑关系,语意连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步,整体说明自己的爱好是什么以及如何开始这个爱好; 第二步,具体阐述自己如何培养这个爱好; 第三步,最后表达从这个爱好中学到了什么。 [亮点词汇] ① fall in love with爱上 ② set aside留出 ③ explore探索 [高分句型] I started this hobby when my parents gave me a storybook on my 8th birthday. (when引导时间状语从句) 2.假如你是Lucy,Sara是你的好朋友。今天英语课上,Miss Li要求你们以“My Friend’s Hobby”为题,写一篇英语作文。请根据提示问题,完成这项作业。 提示:1. What is Sara’s hobby and when did she start it? 2. Why does she enjoy the hobby and what does it bring her? 3. How often does she do it? 写作要求:1)文中须包含上面提示的所有信息,可适当发挥; 2)文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称; 3)词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My Friend’s Hobby Different people have different hobbies. My friend, Sara, also has a hobby. ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 My Friend’s Hobby Different people have different hobbies. My friend, Sara, also has a hobby. Her favorite hobby is reading, and she started it when she was seven. She loves reading all kinds of books, such as novels and comic books, because it can make her happy and relaxed. When she reads, she gets totally lost in the stories. Reading not only enriches her knowledge but also improves her language skills. She reads every day after school—she always rushes to the library or bookstore to find new books. Sometimes, she shares interesting stories with me, which makes me like reading too. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇话题作文; ②时态:时态以“一般现在时”为主; ③提示:写作要点已给出,考生要注意不要遗漏提示,并适当添加细节,注意字母大小写及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步、承接开头,介绍Sara的爱好及开始时间; 第二步、说明她喜爱该爱好的原因及阅读带来的好处; 第三步、补充她进行该爱好的频率,收尾总结。 [亮点词汇] ①all kinds of各种各样的 ②get lost in沉浸于 ③not only…but also…不仅……而且…… [高分句型] ①She loves reading all kinds of books, such as novels and comic books, because it can make her happy and relaxed.(“because”引导原因状语从句) ②When she reads, she gets totally lost in the stories.(“When”引导时间状语从句) ③Sometimes, she shares interesting stories with me, which makes me like reading too.(which 引导定语从句) 3.爱好让我们的生活多姿多彩,也让我们受益无穷。假如你是李斌,你校下周将举办以“My Favorite Hobby”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示内容,用英语写一篇演讲稿参赛。 提示:1. What is your favorite hobby? 2. Why do you like this hobby best? 3. Will you turn this hobby into your job in the future? Why? 参考词汇:reading, collecting stamps, be interested in, relaxed, learn about, help sb. do,… 要求:1. 可使用参考词汇,亦可适当发挥; 2. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4. 词数:不少于60词。(开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数) My Favorite Hobby Good morning, everyone. It’s my great honor to stand here to talk about my hobby. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you. That’s all. 【答案】 My Favorite Hobby Good morning, everyone. It’s my great honor to stand here to talk about my hobby. My favorite hobby is reading. I enjoy it because books help me learn about different cultures and make me feel relaxed. When I read, I can travel to new places in my mind. I like reading best for two reasons. Firstly, it expands my vocabulary. Secondly, it teaches me how to solve problems. For example, stories show me clever ways to face challenges. In the future, I hope to turn this hobby into my job as a writer. If I write books, I can share wonderful stories with others, just like how my favorite books help me. Thank you. That’s all. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材:本文是一篇应用文,为演讲稿; ②时态:以“一般现在时”为主; ③提示:写作要点已给出,考生应注意不要遗漏提示的信息,适当增加细节,并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步,开篇礼貌问候听众,表明演讲主题; 第二步,点明自己最喜欢的爱好是阅读,并说明阅读的好处和喜欢阅读的原因; 第三步,表达未来期望,希望将阅读爱好转化为作家职业; 第四步,书写结语。 [亮点词汇] ①my favorite hobby我最喜欢的爱好 ②different cultures不同文化 ③feel relaxed感到放松 ④expand vocabulary扩充词汇量 ⑤solve problems解决问题 ⑥face challenges面对挑战 [高分句型] ①I enjoy it because books help me learn about different cultures and make me feel relaxed.(because引导的原因状语从句) ②When I read, I can travel to new places in my mind.(when引导的时间状语从句) ③If I write books, I can share wonderful stories with others, just like how my favorite books help me.(if引导的条件状语从句) $2025-2026学年八年级下册英语单元知识盘点 Unit 1 Time to Relax. 目录 第一部分 词汇检测 第二部分 句型熟记 第三部分 词汇精讲精练 第四部分 重点语法及专练 第五部分 写作及强化训练 第一部分 重点词汇 【重点单词】 名词 / 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 _______________ n.教练;指导者 _________________n.诗 ________________ n.功夫 ________________n.出外游玩;远足 _______________n.精神压力;紧张 _______________n.物品;宾语 _____________n.程序;设计员 _______________n.感觉:感官 _________________n.成就 _____________________n.硬币 _________________n.邮票 ___________________n.明信片 _________________n.建议;提议 ___________________n. 失败 ____________________n. 舞台;阶段 动词 _________________v.滑雪 __________________v.表达;表示 __________________v.完成(困难的事);管理 _____________________v. 督促;推 ______________________v.减少 ____________________v.使……成为可能;允许 形容词 _________________adj.害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的 __________________adj.单个的;单身的 _____________________adj.青少年的 __________________adj. 外国的;国外的 __________________adj.严厉的;严格的 副词 ___________________adv.相当;更准确地说 _________________adv.出人意料的;惊人的 _______________________adv.重要地 代词 ________________________pron. 我自己 兼类词 _______________________v.编写程序 n. 程序;(=programme)节目;项目 ______________________n.&v.害怕;担忧 ___________________n.&.v.回来;归还 __________________v.&n.闲聊 【词性变形】 1.instruct (v. 指导)→ _____________________( n. 教练;指导者) 2.express(v. 表达)→_____________________(n.表达) 3.scare ( v. 使害怕)→ _____________________( adj. 害怕的;对…… 感到惊慌的) 4.deal ( v. 对付)→ ___________________(过去式 / 过去分词) 5.chat ( v. 闲聊) → ___________________(过去式 / 过去分词) 6.Italy ( n. 意大利) → _______________( adj. 意大利的;意大利人的;意大利语的 n. 意大利人;意大利语) 7.program ( v. 编写程序) → _________________( n. 程序设计员) 8.achieve ( v. 实现;完成)→ ___________________( n. 成就) 9.suggest ( v. 建议;提议)→ _____________________( n. 建议;提议) 10.fail ( v. 失败)→ ____________________( n. 失败) 11.surprise ( v. 使惊奇)→ _________________( adj. 令人惊讶的;出人意料的)→ _______________( adv. 出人意料地;惊人地) 12.important ( adj. 重要的)→ ____________________( adv. 重要地) 13. poem (n.诗) → __________________(n.诗人) → ___________________(adj.诗的;富有诗意的) 14. manage (v.管理;设法完成) → ______________(n.经理) → __________________(n.管理) 15. relax (v.放松) → ________________(n.放松) 16. create (v.创造) → _______________(adj.有创造力的) → ___________________(n.创造物) 【重点短语】 1._________________________ 吹长笛 2.______________________ 练书法 3._________________________在某人的空闲时间 4.______________________ 表达感受 5.____________________ 创建一个应用程序 6.___________________ 起初;起先 7._______________________ 害怕…… 8.______________________克服你的恐惧 9.___________________正在做;由某人决定 10._______________________放弃 11._____________________ 作为回报 12.___________________开始做某事;进入 13._____________________ 试一试某事 14._________________________ 过得愉快 15.___________________ 偶尔地;间或 16.______________________ 偶尔;一两次 17.___________________________ 和某人聊天 18._______________________________担心 19._________________________ 出外游玩 20._________________________ 减轻压力 21._______________ 有益于;对…… 有好处 ___________ 擅长________________ 灵巧的;善于应付…… 的 ______________ 对…… 友好 22._____________________ 在…… 上花费…… 23.____________________ 打发时间 24.__________________ (使) 平静,镇静,安静 25.________________________例如 26.____________________ 做瑜伽 27._____________________保持健康 28.___________________开始做;启程,出发 29._______________________ 同时 30.__________________________ 成就感 31._______________________ 全世界 32._____________________ 给某人寄 / 发送某物 33.____________________张贴;搭建;举起 34.___________________ 梦想;希望 35.________________开始做;占用 (时间、空间等) 36._________________ 考虑 37._________________到目前为止 38.___________________ 成百上千的 39.________________ 在舞台上;公开地 40.________________ 最终;毕竟 41._________________ 最重要的是 42.____________________ 在某人的一生中 【动词形式】 1.____________________ 喜欢做某事 2.________________________ 想要做某事 3.________________________ 期待某人做某事 4.___________________ 告诉某人 (不要) 做某事 5.________________________ 过去常常做某事 6.__________________________ 开始做某事 7._________________________ 鼓励某人做某事 8.______________________害怕 / 不敢做某事 9.________________________ 通过做某事 10.________________________ 观看某人做某事 ______________________ 观看某人正在做某事 11._________________________ 花费…… 做某事 12.________________________ 选择做某事 13.__________________ 设法完成某事 14.______________________ 使某人做某事 15._______________________ 高兴 / 开心做某事 16._______________________ 帮助某人做某事 17.___________________________ 做某事的方法 18._______________________ 看见某人做了某事 ______________________看见某人正在做某事 19.______________________ 决定做某事 20.______________________ 请求某人做某事 21._____________________ 忘记做某事 ______________________ 忘记曾经做过某事 22.______________________ 让某人做某事 23._______________________ 发现做某事…… 24.______________________ 允许某人做某事 25.____________________ 更喜欢做某事 26.______________________ 希望做某事 27.______________________ 很幸运做某事 第二部分 重点句型 【句型】 1、Fu Xing used to ________________ water, but she started swimming _______________ her fear.傅兴以前怕水,但她开始游泳来克服恐惧。 2、Fu Xing encouraged Emma ______________ ice skating again.傅兴鼓励艾玛再次尝试滑冰。 3、What ____________you _______________ ?你正在干什么? 4、My grandmother taught me how ___________________ it.我的祖母教我怎么写它。 5、_______________ is always ______________.万事开头难。 6、I can teach you _______________ a song ____________.我可以教你弹一首歌作为回报。 7、How do you usually feel when you manage______________ something difficult?当你成功完成一件困难的事情时,你通常有什么感受? 8、It’s important_______________ to relax _______________.不要忘记偶尔放松一下很重要。 9、Reading or listening to music can help us _______________ after a busy day.听音乐或阅读音乐可以帮助我们在忙碌的一天后平静下来。 10、His latest app allows people around the world _________________ study partners for learning Italian.他最新的应用程序允许全球的人们找到学习意大利语的学习伙伴。 11、It gives me such a sense of achievement ______________ people______________ the app.看到人们使用这款应用我感到非常有成就感。 12、She dreams of _______________ to these places in the future.她梦想着将来去这些地方旅行。 13、I heard you’re thinking about _______________ a hobby.我听说你正在考虑培养一个爱好。 14、_______________ you don’t _______________ ,you’ll get better at it over time.只要你坚持不懈,随着时间的推移,你会越来越擅长它。 第三部分 词汇精讲精练 重点单词讲解 1、program 【详解】①program 【名词 n.】 节目;程序;计划 (复数:programs) ②program 【动词 v.】 编写程序;计划;安排 (三单:programs;过去式:programmed) ③programmer 【n.】 程序员;编程人员 → 职业类名词 2、express 【详解】①express 【动词 v. 核心】 表达;表露;传递 固定结构:express sth. (to sb.) 向某人表达某物 ②expression 【名词 n.】 表达;表情;短语;词句 (复数:expressions) 固定搭配:facial expressions 面部表情 an English expression 一个英语短语 3、create 【详解】①create 【动词 v.】 创造;创作;发明 ②creative 【形容词 adj.】 有创造力的;创造性的 ③creativity 【名词 n. 不可数】 创造力;创造性 4、scare 【详解】(1)scare 【动词 v.】 使害怕;惊吓 【固定短语】be scared of 害怕……(= be afraid of) 【用法】① be scared of + sth. 害怕某物 ② be scared of + doing sth. 害怕做某事 (2)形容词辨析 scared 【adj.】 修饰人 → 感到害怕的 例句:The little boy is scared of the dark. 这个小男孩怕黑。 scary 【adj.】 修饰物 / 事 → 令人害怕的;恐怖的 例句:This is a scary movie. 这是一部恐怖电影。 5、encourage 【详解】(1)encourage 【动词 v.】 鼓励;激励 ①encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 ② encourage sb. not to do sth. 鼓励某人不要做某事 (2)名词形式:encouragement (不可数 n.)鼓励;鼓舞 6、fear 【详解】①fear 【动词 v.】 害怕;畏惧 (= be afraid of) 【用法】fear sth. /fear doing sth. /fear to do sth. ②fear 【名词 n. 可数 / 不可数】 恐惧;害怕 【固定搭配】 a fear of sth. 对某物的恐惧 in fear 恐惧地 7、mean 【详解】①mean 【动词 v. 不规则】 过去式:meant 过去分词:meant 【用法】 mean doing sth. 意味着;意思是 mean to do sth. 打算;意欲 ②mean 【形容词 adj.】 吝啬的;卑鄙的 ③mean的派生词 meaningful 【adj.】 有意义的 meaningless 【adj.】 无意义的 8、choose 【详解】①choose 【动词】选择 (不规则变形:过去式 chose;过去分词 chosen) 【固定结构】:choose to do sth. 选择做某事 ②名词形式:choice (可数 n.)选择 【固定搭配】make a choice 做选择 9、return 【详解】return 【动词 v. 核心,规则变形】 返回;归还 【固定搭配】 ①return sth. to sb.= give back (sth. to sb.) 把某物归还给某人 ②return to sp. 回到某地 ③return from sp. 从某地回来 ④in return (介词短语)作为回报;作为报答 10、deal 【详解】①deal 【名词 n.】 交易;协议 【固定搭配】make a deal 达成交易 a great deal of 大量的;许多的 → 后接不可数名词 ②deal 【动词 v. 不规则】 处理;应对(过去式:dealt) 【固定搭配】deal with 处理;应对;解决 (= do with,中考必考替换) 【句型】how to deal with sth. 如何处理某事 (固定搭配 how,易错点!) 11、manage 【详解】①manage 管理;设法做到 manage to do sth. 设法做成某事(= succeed in doing sth.,中考同义替换) ②manager 【n.】 经理;管理者 → 职业名词 12、similar 【详解】①similar 【形容词 adj.】 相似的;相像的 【固定搭配】be similar to 和…… 相似 ②similarity 【名词 n.】 相似性;相似点 (复数:similarities) 13、push 【详解】①push 【动词 v.】 推;逼迫;催促 【固定搭配】push sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 push the door 推门 ②push 【名词 n.】 推;推力;压力 【固定搭配】push oneself too hard 给自己太大压力;过度劳累 14、reduce 【详解】reduce及物动词,减轻;减少;降低 【固定搭配】reduce stress 减轻压力 reduce time 减少时间 reduce the risk of... 降低…… 的风 险 reduce pollution 减少污染 15、stress 【详解】①stress【不可数名词】 压力;紧张 【固定搭配】 lower stress 减轻压力 reduce stress 缓解压力 under stress 处于压力中 too much stress 太多压力 ②stress【动词】 使紧张;施压 16、object 【详解】①object【名词】物体;物品;宾语 ②object【动词】 反对;抗议 【固定搭配】object to (doing) sth. 反对(做)某事(to 是介词,后接 doing) 17、allow 【详解】allow【动词】 允许;准许 【固定搭配】 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事 allow doing sth. 允许做某事 18、achieve 【详解】①achieve 动词(v.)实现;取得;达成 【固定搭配】achieve one’s dream 实现梦想 achieve success 取得成功 achieve a goal 达成目标 ② achievement 名词(n.)成就;成绩(可数 / 不可数) 【固定搭配】make great achievements 取得巨大成就 a sense of achievement 成就感 19、prefer 【详解】prefer动词 含义:更喜欢;宁愿(比 like 语气更强) 【用法】①prefer sth. 更喜欢某物 ②prefer to do sth. 更喜欢做某事 ③prefer doing A to doing B 比起做 B,更喜欢做 A(to 是介词,后接 doing,易错点) ④prefer to do sth.rather than do sth 宁愿干某事而不愿干某事 20、collect 【详解】①collect动词(v.) 含义:收集;搜集;收藏 【固定搭配】collect stamps 集邮 collect books 藏书 collect information 收集信息 ②变形(词形转换必考) collection (n.) 收藏品;收集 collector (n.) 收藏家 21、rather 【详解】rather副词(adv.) 相当;宁可;反而 ① rather than 而不是(连接并列成分,可接名词 /doing/to do) ② would rather do sth. 宁愿做某事 ③rather + adj. 相当…… 22、develop 【详解】①develop 动词(v.)发展;研发;培养;成长 搭配:develop a hobby 培养爱好 /develop new technology 研发新技术 /develop quickly 快速发展 ②development 名词(n.) 发展;发育(不可数,可加形容词修饰) 搭配:the development of science 科学的发展 /healthy development 健康成长 23、fail 【详解】①fail (v.) 失败;不及格 搭配:fail the exam 考试不及格 fail to do sth. 未能做成某事(必考句型) ②failure (n.) 失败;失败者(可数 / 不可数) 24、inspire 【详解】①inspire 动词(v.) 激励;鼓舞;启发 搭配:inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 ②inspiration 名词(n.)灵感;鼓舞;启发(不可数 / 可数) 搭配:get inspiration from 从…… 获得灵感 a source of inspiration 灵感来源 25、strict 【详解】strict形容词(adj.) 含义:严格的;严厉的 搭配:be strict with sb. 对某人严格 be strict in sth. 对某事严格 26、surprise 【详解】①surprise 双词性 名词(n.):惊喜;惊讶 a big surprise 一个大惊喜 /to one’s surprise 令某人惊讶的是 动词(v.):使惊讶;使吃惊 It surprises sb. that.../surprise sb. with sth. ②形容词辨析(ed/ing 必考) surprised (adj.) 修饰人 → 感到惊讶的 → be surprised at sth. 对某事感到惊讶 surprising (adj.) 修饰物 / 事 → 令人惊讶的 → a surprising result 令人惊讶的结果 ③surprisingly (adv.) 副词 → 令人惊讶地;居然 重点短语讲解 1、get over ①克服(困难、恐惧、疾病);熬过 例句:She finally got over her fear of speaking English. 她终于克服了说英语的恐惧。 ②从(疾病、悲伤)中恢复过来 例句:It took her a long time to get over the cold. 她花了很久才从感冒中恢复。 2、up to ①多达;直到 → 后接数字 / 时间 例句:This bag can hold up to 10 books. 这个包能装多达 10 本书。/ I work up to 8 o’clock every night. ②由…… 决定;取决于 → It’s up to sb. (to do sth.) (中考必考句型) 例句:It’s up to you to decide where to go. 去哪里由你决定。 ③胜任;适合 例句:She is up to this job. 她能胜任这份工作。 3、give up 固定结构:give up doing sth. 放弃做某事 例句:Never give up learning English. 永远不要放弃学英语。 注意:短语中up 都是副词,代词放中间,名词放两边;后接 doing 的标注清楚 4、get into 用法:后接名词 / 动名词 (doing) ,无 to do 形式。 ①陷入;染上(习惯)→ get into a habit of doing sth. 养成做某事的习惯(必考) 例句:He got into a habit of reading every night. 他养成了每晚读书的 ②进入;考入 → get into a school/college 考入学校 / 大学 例句:She got into a good high school last year. ③对…… 产生兴趣 → get into sth./doing sth. 5、give it a go 试一试;尝试一下 (= have a try /give it a try,完全等同,中考同义替换) 结构:give sth. a go /give it a go (无变形,固定短语) 例句:I have never skated before, but I want to give it a go. 我从没滑过冰,但我想试一试。 6、once in a while 含义:偶尔;有时 (= sometimes /at times,中考同义替换,副词短语) 位置:句首 / 句中 / 句末均可,句首加逗号 例句:Once in a while, I go to the cinema. 我偶尔去看电影。 I eat fast food once in a while. 我有时吃快餐。 7、look alike 含义:看起来相像;长得像 (动词短语,无被动,主语必须是复数 / 两个人) 结构:sb. look alike / A and B look alike 例句:You and your sister look alike. 你和你姐姐长得很像。 They look alike in many ways. 他们在许多方面很像。 8、on the one hand ... on the other hand 含义:一方面…… 另一方面…… (表对比、并列的观点) 用法要点:两个短语连用,可放句首(加逗号),后接完整句子;可单独用 on the other hand 表转折 例句:On the one hand, doing sports is good for health; on the other hand, it can help us relax. 一方面,运动有益健康;另一方面,它能帮我们放松。 9、pass the time 含义:消磨时间;打发时间 例句:She likes reading to pass the time on weekends. 她周末喜欢看书打发时间。 类似词组:pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb. 把某物递给某人 pass the exam 及格 / 通过考试 pass the park 路过公园 10、start out 含义:出发;动身;起初是 例句:We start out for the park at 8 a.m. 我们早上 8 点出发去公园。 She started out as a teacher. 她起初是一名老师。 11、at the same time 含义:同时;与此同时(副词短语) 用法要点:放句首(加逗号)或句末,表两个动作同时发生,可表转折「但同时」 例句:He can listen to music and do homework at the same time. 他能一边听音乐一边写作业。 12、a sense of + n. 含义:a sense of + 名词 → 一种…… 的感觉 / 意识(中考写作万能加分搭配) 必考高频搭配(全部背会) a sense of happiness 幸福感 a sense of humor 幽默感 a sense of safety 安全感 a sense of responsibility 责任感 a sense of achievement 成就感 13、put up 词性:动词短语 ①张贴;粘贴 → put up a poster 贴海报 /put up notices 贴通知 ②举起;抬起 → put up one’s hand 举手(课堂高频) ③搭建;建造 → put up a tent 搭帐篷 /put up a house 建房 ④留宿;收留 → put sb. up for the night 留某人过夜 14、think about 词性:动词短语 含义:思考;考虑;想起 必考搭配 think about sth. 考虑某事 /think about doing sth. 考虑做某事(无 think about to do!) 辨析:think of 想起;认为 think over 仔细考虑 例句:I am thinking about going to Beijing for vacation. 我在考虑去北京度假。 15、over time 含义:随着时间的推移;久而久之(副词短语) 用法要点:放句首(加逗号)或句末,表时间变化,写作中万能衔接词 例句:Over time, he becomes more confident. 久而久之,他变得更自信了。 16、as long as ①只要(引导条件状语从句,主句将来时,从句一般现在时) 例句:You can pass the exam as long as you study hard. 只要你努力,就能及格。 ②和…… 一样长(表比较) 例句:This ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子和那把一样长。 17、so far 词性:副词短语(adv.) 含义:到目前为止;迄今为止;至今 时态固定考点:主句必须用【现在完成时】(have/has + 动词过去分词),这是中考最常考的语法点,百分百必考! 位置灵活:可放句首(加逗号)、句中、句末,不影响时态。 同义替换:up to now /until now(完全通用,中考完形会互换) So far, I have learned English for three years. 到目前为止,我已经学英语三年了。(句首,最常用) We have finished half of the work so far. 到目前为止,我们已经完成了一半的工作。(句末) 18、hundreds of 含义:成百上千的;数以百计的(表模糊数字,后接可数名词复数) 数词必考规则(一起记,不丢分) 具体数字 + hundred → 不加 s,不加 of → two hundred students 两百名学生 hundreds of → 加 s,加 of,无具体数字 → hundreds of students 成百上千的学生 拓展:thousands of 成千上万的 /millions of 数百万的(规则相同) 例句:Hundreds of people come to the park every day. 每天有数百人来公园。 【同步练习】 1. She tried her best to ______ her thanks to the kind stranger with a smile. A. express B.reduce C.manage D.push 2. The little girl felt ______ when she walked through the dark forest alone. A. strict B.scared C.teenage D.old-fashioned 3. Don't let ______ stop you from chasing your dreams. Everyone may face difficulties. A. sense B.achievement C.fear D.suggestion 4. Whether we go to the park or the zoo this weekend is ______ you—we all agree with your decision. A. up to B.so far C.in return D.once in a while 5. My brother decided to ______ playing computer games because it was affecting his study. A. get into B.give up C.dream of D.go on an outing 6. You must ______ the books to the library before the due date, or you will be fined. A. return B.allow C.inspire D.chat 7. It's not easy, but I believe she can ______ the task successfully with her experience. A. reduce B.object C.manage D.sense 8. The teacher always ______ us to practice speaking English more often in class. A. pushes B.chats C.fails D.suggests 9. My best friend and I often ______ on the phone about our school life after school. A. return B.chat C.reduce D.allow 10. Our class is planning to ______ to the mountain next Saturday. Would you like to join us? A. go on an outing B.get into C.give up D.dream of 11. To ______ the pressure of study, we should do more sports in our free time. A. sense B.push C.reduce D.achieve 12. Too much ______ from work makes my father feel tired every day. A. stress B.failure C.stage D.object 13. The old man collects all kinds of small ______ like stamps and coins. A. achievements B.objects C.suggestions D.senses 14. My parents don't ______ me to stay out late on school nights. A. allow B.inspire C.strict D.return 15. I have a strong ______ that something good will happen to us tomorrow. A. failure B.sense C.stress D.object 16. His great ______ in science has made him famous all over the world. A. stage B.fear C.achievement D.suggestion 17. This book is ______ interesting. I can't put it down after reading the first page. A. surprisingly B.rather C.importantly D.old-fashioned 18. Can you give me some useful ______ on how to improve my English writing? A. failures B.objects C.suggestions D.senses 19. We have learned three English songs ______. We will learn a new one next week. A. so far B.in return C.once in a while D.up to 20. The story of the brave girl ______ many young people to work hard for their goals. A. scares B.inspires C.pushes D.chats 21.Mr. Xu is good at computers and he can ______ computer games by himself now. A. program B. reduce C. ski D. celebrate 22.I helped him with his math homework, and ______, he taught me how to play basketball well. A. in fact B. in return C. in short D. in time 23.Although it’s a hard task, I believe he can ______ to finish it on time by himself. A. express B. manage C. explore D. search 24.My parents are always ______ about my study. They ask me to finish my homework on time and get good grades. A. foreign B. strict C. single D. balanced 25.________, we should learn to relax ourselves when we feel stressed, because health is more important than grades. A. surprisingly B. importantly C. singly D. rather 第四部分 重点语法及专练 动词不定式 一、动词不定式的构成   动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种形式,基本形式是“to+动词原形”。其中to是动词不定式符号,在有些情况下可以省略。动词不定式的否定形式为“not to+动词原形”。 Mr Li told me to listen carefully in class. 李老师要求我上课认真听讲。 Please tell Jim not to come late next time. 请告诉吉姆下次别迟到了。 二、动词不定式的功能 1、动词不定式作状语 动词不定式可以在句中作状语,表示目的、结果或原因。作目的状语时通常放在句末,用于正式语境或需要强调时,也可以放在句首,用逗号与后面的句子隔开。 He came to Beijing to have a meeting. 他来北京开会。(表目的) He is too young to look after himself. 他年龄太小,不能照顾自己。(表结果) To protect the environment, we should reduce plastic use. 为了保护环境,我们应该减少塑料的使用。(表原因) 2、动词不定式作宾语补足语 宾语补足语是紧跟在宾语之后,对宾语的身份、状态或动作进行补充说明的成分,使宾语的意义更加完整。此时可以是带to的不定式,也可以是不带to的不定式,这主要取决于谓语动词。 ①接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(短语)有:tell、ask、order、allow、encourage、advise, want, wish, expect invite, choose would like等。 ②接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有感官动词(see、hear、notice、watch、feel等)和使役动词(make、let、have等)。 ③动词help后可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,也可以接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语。 Then he asked me to sit down beside a girl. 然后他让我坐在一个女孩旁边。 I saw her get on the bus. 我看见她上了公共汽车。 Can you help me (to) open the door?你能帮我打开门吗? 3、动词不定式作主语 动词不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语放在句末其结构为: ① It is +adj.+for/of sb.+(not)to do sth.意为"做某事对某人来说是……"。 ② It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.意为"做某事花费某人多长时间" To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful to learn English well. It’s important for us to protect the environment. 【注意】在kind,good,nice,clever等表示人的品质的形容词后,不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. 你帮助我真是太好啦。 To give is better than to take. 奉献比索取好。 It's necessary for us to learn English well. 对我们来说,学好英语是必要的。 4、动词不定式作宾语 动词不定式经常在decide、want、plan、agree、expect、need、hope、wish、would like 等动词(短语)后作宾语。在动词 think、find等后通常用it作形式宾语。 I decided to join the art club two years ago. 两年前我决定加入美术俱乐部。 I think it interesting to talk with him. 我觉得跟他说话很有意思。 5、作表语 动词不定式作表语,一般表示具体的动作或者说明主语的内容、性质、特征等。句子的主语通常是 dream、job、wish等名词。 My dream is to travel to the moon one day. 我的梦想是有朝一日去月球旅行。 My wish is to become a good teacher. 我的愿望就是要当个好老师。 6、动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语时,须放在被修饰词的后面。它与名词有逻辑上的动宾关系。 【注意】如果是不及物动词,且与所修饰的词之间有动宾关系,要在不定式后加上适当的介词。 The room is big enough for 10 people to live in . 这个房间大到足够给10个人住。 I want a piece of paper to write on. 我想要一张纸来写。 注意:常接"疑问词+带to的不定式"的动词有teach, show, tell, learn, find out, decide, know, forget等。 My mother taught me how to cook yesterday. 昨天我妈妈教我如何做饭。 【同步语法练习】 1.It’s important ________ before you download software. A.think B.to think C.thinking D.thinks 2.It’s important ________ us ________ the environment. A.of; protect B.of; to protect C.for; protect D.for; to protect 3.It’s really kind ________ the students ________ a charity sale for the homeless cats. A.for; to organize B.for; organizing C.of; to organize D.of; organizing 4.He stopped ________a rest because he felt tired. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 5.Li Ming chooses ________ his hometown Tianshui in his speech. A.introduce B.introduced C.to introduce D.introducing 6.Don’t forget ________ off the lights when you leave the room. A.turn B.to turn C.turning 7.Try to sing more English songs, and you will find ________ interesting ________ a foreign language. A.it, learning B.that, learn C.it, learn D.it, to learn 8.His dream is ________ a famous chef (厨师), so he practices cooking every day after school. A.be B.to be C.being D.been 9.The rule is ________ students from fighting at school. A.stop B.to stop C.stopping D.stopped 10.Some animals are in danger and they need to find somewhere ________. A.to live B.live C.living D.lived 11.I think the best way ________ English is by reading English books. A.learn B.learning C.to learn D.to learning 12.—I haven’t got a partner ________. —Maybe you can ask John for help. A.work with B.to work with C.working with 13.—I think the Water Park is a good place ________ fun. —I agree with you. A.have B.having C.to have D.had 14.The box is ________ heavy for me ________ put it on the table. Who can help me? A.so; that B.too; to C.such; that D.enough; to 15.The box is too heavy for me _______. A.lift B.lifting C.to lift D.lifted 16.Lily’s mother told her ________ too much candy. It’s bad for her teeth. A.not to eat B.not eating C.don’t eat D.don’t to eat 17.—Our school will invite Mr. Wang ______ us a talk about animal protection next week. —That’s wonderful! A.give B.to give C.giving D.gives 18.In China, most parents expect their kids ________ good grades in the exam. A.get B.to get C.getting D.to getting 19.—Our Chinese teacher asks us ______ a diary in Chinese every day. —So my father made me ______ two pages of my diary last night. A.write; to write B.write; writing C.to write; to write D.to write; write 20.Kitty’s mother makes her ________ for half an hour every morning. A.dance B.dances C.to dance D.dancing 21.My parents work very hard ________ our family a better life. A.give B.giving C.to give D.gives 22.—What else should I pay attention to ________ my grades during the exam? —Speak more and listen more. A.develop B.developing C.improving D.to improve 23.—Do you often climb mountains? —Yes,________ a little exercise. I’m out of shape. A.getting B.get C.to getting D.to get 24.My best friend is always happy ________ everything ________ me. A.to share; to B.sharing; for C.to share; with D.sharing; to 25.Daniel is always ready ________ others ________ with their English. A.helping; for need B.to help; in need C.to help; of need D.helping; on need 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.The two boys are going to be computer . (program) 2.A clear of your ideas can help your schoolmates understand you better. (express) 3.I often watch these old people (dance) in the square. 4.They watched an old woman (play) the erhu under the tree just now. 5.The little boy was too (scare) to move when he saw the big dog. 6.Li Bai is one of the most famous (poem) in Chinese history—many people love his works. 7.The mother gave up (push) her children, so that they can have more free time. 8.With my father’s help, I can ride the bike by . (I) 9.That old man doesn’t have any children. Two volunteers came and (chat) with him yesterday. 10.Our school has lots of green spaces. Students enjoy spending some time (chat) there. 11.The food was cold, so I asked to speak to the . (manage) 12.My sister isn’t afraid (speak) in public. 13.Everyone should pay attention to (reduce) waste around them to protect the environment. 14.Some students from one of the European countries are teaching us how to cook (Italy) food. 15.His dream job is to be a computer (program) after graduation. 16.Walking on the moon was a great (achieve) for mankind. 17.Getting enough sleep is important for (teenage). 18.I am very proud that I can tell Chinese folk stories to (foreign) in English. 19.My teacher gave me some (suggest) on how to keep healthy. 20.Thousands of people are going hungry because of the (fail) of this year’s harvest. 21.I was hungry, and more (important), my children were hungry. 22.Not (surprise), after a long day of hiking, the group was eager to sit down and enjoy a hot meal. 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1.We managed (spare) an hour to practice English every day and our language skills improved. 2.Parents always expect their children (grow) up to be kind people. 3.My sister isn’t afraid (speak) in public. 4.He always encourages us (develop) different hobbies. 5.I often watch these old people (dance) in the square. 6.They watched an old woman (play) the erhu under the tree just now. 7.To deal with stress from exams, Li Hong started (jog) in the park every morning. 8.You can choose (use) different robots. 9.Can you teach us how (make) a model plane? 10.We can go to school by bike to make our city (become) greener. 11.He decided (not order) dishes at that restaurant. 12.Our teachers often push us ________ (read)more. 13.The doctor will allow me ________ (leave) the hospital tomorrow if I get better. 14.The old man finds it useful (exercise) every morning. 15.Is this small museum a good place (learn) about your hometown? 第五部分 写作及强化训练 写作话题 本单元的主题是“闲暇时间的活动”,要求学生能够运用所学的词汇、语法及句式描述个人在休闲时间的爱好,并探讨放松对生活的重要性。与此相关的主要写作维度有: ①休闲活动的类型与内容(如运动、艺术、科技等); ②参与活动的体验与感受; ③兴趣爱好对个人成长的积极影响。 写作框架 1.开头(总):点明核心爱好 My favorite hobby is reading. It has been my closest friend for years. 2.中间(分) 爱好起源:I fell in love with reading when my mom read The Ugly Duckling to me at five. 日常实践:I spend at least an hour reading every day, usually before bedtime. 具体收获:It opens my eyes to different worlds and teaches me valuable lessons. 3.结尾(总):总结意义并表态 词句积累 词汇积累 爱好类型类:reading(阅读)、basketball(篮球)、painting(绘画)、playing the piano(弹钢琴)、collecting stamps(集邮)、gardening(园艺)、writing(写作)、photography(摄影)、dancing(跳舞)、singing(唱歌)、cooking(烹饪)、fishing(钓鱼)、hiking(徒步)、knitting(编织)、playing chess(下棋)。 动作行为类:cherish(珍视)、enjoy(喜欢)、practice(练习)、spend(花费时间)、join(加入)、attend(参加)、borrow(借阅)、watch(观看)、learn(学习)、discover(发现)、explore(探索)、share(分享)、improve(提升)、develop(培养)、master(掌握)。 感受收获类:joy(快乐)、relaxed(放松的)、proud(自豪的)、amazed(惊讶的)、satisfied(满足的)、knowledge(知识)、skill(技能)、patience(耐心)、teamwork(团队合作)、friendship(友谊)、growth(成长)、wisdom(智慧)、confidence(自信)、perseverance(毅力)。 句型积累 【开头句】 1.My favorite hobby is + 爱好名词.(我最喜欢的爱好是……) 例:My favorite hobby is painting.(我最喜欢的爱好是绘画。) 2.I have a great passion for + 爱好名词 /doing sth.(我对…… 有浓厚的兴趣。) 例:I have a great passion for playing the piano.(我对弹钢琴有浓厚的兴趣。) 3.Nothing makes me happier than + doing sth.(没有什么比…… 更让我开心。) 例:Nothing makes me happier than reading science books.(没有什么比读科学书更让我开心。) 【中间句】 1. I started + 爱好名词 /doing sth. when I was + 年龄.(我…… 岁时开始……) 例:I started fishing when I was ten.(我十岁时开始钓鱼。) 2. I fell in love with + 爱好名词 when + 具体场景句.(当…… 时,我爱上了……) 例:I fell in love with dancing when I watched a ballet show last year.(去年看芭蕾舞表演时,我爱上了跳舞。) 3. My hobby began with + 具体事件.(我的爱好始于……) 例:My hobby of gardening began with a small tomato seed my grandma gave me.(我的园艺爱好始于奶奶给我的一颗小番茄种子。) 4. I spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth. every week.(我每周花…… 时间做某事。) 例:I spend two hours practicing the piano every week.(我每周花两小时练钢琴。) 5. I usually + 动作 + 时间 / 地点.(我通常在…… 时间 / 地点做……) 例:I usually go to the library to borrow books on weekends.(我通常周末去图书馆借书。) 6. Sometimes, I + 动作 + with sb.(有时我和某人一起做……) 例:Sometimes, I play chess with my grandpa after dinner.(有时我晚饭后和爷爷下棋。) 7. I often join + 相关活动名词 + to improve my skill.(我经常参加…… 来提升技能。) 例:I often join painting competitions to improve my skill.(我经常参加绘画比赛来提升技能。) 收获表达句式: 8. Doing sth. helps me + 收获(动词短语).(做某事帮我……) 例:Playing basketball helps me build up my body.(打篮球帮我强身健体。) 9. From doing sth., I have learned + 收获(名词短语).(从做某事中,我学会了……) 例:From gardening, I have learned the importance of patience.(从园艺中,我学会了耐心的重要性。) 10. Sth. not only + 收获 1, but also + 收获 2.(某事不仅……,还……) 例:Reading not only expands my vocabulary, but also improves my writing skills.(阅读不仅扩大我的词汇量,还提升我的写作能力。) 11. This hobby makes me + 情感形容词.(这个爱好让我……) 例:This hobby makes me feel relaxed after a busy day.(这个爱好让我在忙碌一天后感到放松。) 12. Through doing sth., I have made many friends who + 共同爱好.(通过做某事,我认识了很多…… 的朋友。) 例:Through dancing, I have made many friends who love ballet.(通过跳舞,我认识了很多喜欢芭蕾舞的朋友。) 【结尾句】 1. I will keep + 爱好名词 /doing sth. forever.(我会永远坚持……) 例:I will keep collecting stamps forever.(我会永远坚持集邮。) 2. Sth. is like + 比喻对象 + in my life.(某事就像我生命中的……) 例:Painting is like a colorful window in my life.(绘画就像我生命中一扇多彩的窗户。) 3. I think sth. has a great influence on my growth.(我认为某事对我的成长有很大影响。) 例:I think reading has a great influence on my growth.(我认为阅读对我的成长有很大影响。) 4. It is the most + 形容词 + hobby because + 原因.(它是最…… 的爱好,因为……) 例:It is the most meaningful hobby because it teaches me lots of wisdom.(它是最有意义的爱好,因为它教给我很多智慧。) 5. I am grateful for this hobby because it + 带来的改变.(我感激这个爱好,因为它……) 例:I am grateful for this hobby because it makes my life more colorful.(我感激这个爱好,因为它让我的生活更丰富多彩。) 范文欣赏 One thing I always do in my free time Hobbies are like keys to a peaceful mind. They help me balance study and life while I discover hidden talents. My favourite free-time activity is cycling. I started this activity when I was nine, after receiving a blue bicycle as a gift. At first, I wobbled and fell often, but my father taught me to keep trying. Now, I ride through parks and quiet streets every weekend.It lets me feel the wind on my face and enjoy nature’s beauty. Watching cherry blossoms while cycling in spring always lifts my spirits. I find it fun to explore new routes, and it makes me really happy when I reach the top of a hill after a tough climb. Cycling also helps me stay energetic and focused on school tasks. This hobby not only keeps me healthy but also teaches me to embrace challenges bravely. Every ride reminds me that effort leads to rewarding views. 【同步练习】 1.爱好不仅是一种娱乐方式,它还能让我们的生活更加丰富多彩。在学习之余,学生还应该拥有健康、惬意的爱好(如运动、绘画、读书等)。请选择一项你的爱好,以 “My Hobby” 为题写一篇80词左右的英语短文。 My Hobby What’s your hobby? What made you start your hobby? How do you develop (培养) this hobby? What can you learn from your hobby? 注意事项: 1. 必须包含所有提示信息,可适当发挥,开头已给出,不计入总词数; 2. 意思清楚,表达通顺,行文连贯,书写规范; 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 My Hobby It’s important to have a hobby in life. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2.假如你是Lucy,Sara是你的好朋友。今天英语课上,Miss Li要求你们以“My Friend’s Hobby”为题,写一篇英语作文。请根据提示问题,完成这项作业。 提示:1. What is Sara’s hobby and when did she start it? 2. Why does she enjoy the hobby and what does it bring her? 3. How often does she do it? 写作要求:1)文中须包含上面提示的所有信息,可适当发挥; 2)文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称; 3)词数80左右(开头已给出,不计入总词数)。 My Friend’s Hobby Different people have different hobbies. My friend, Sara, also has a hobby. ___________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3.爱好让我们的生活多姿多彩,也让我们受益无穷。假如你是李斌,你校下周将举办以“My Favorite Hobby”为题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据以下提示内容,用英语写一篇演讲稿参赛。 提示:1. What is your favorite hobby? 2. Why do you like this hobby best? 3. Will you turn this hobby into your job in the future? Why? 参考词汇:reading, collecting stamps, be interested in, relaxed, learn about, help sb. do,… 要求:1. 可使用参考词汇,亦可适当发挥; 2. 语句通顺,意思连贯,书写工整; 3. 文中不得出现任何真实信息(姓名、校名和地名等); 4. 词数:不少于60词。(开头和结尾已给出,但不计入总词数) My Favorite Hobby Good morning, everyone. It’s my great honor to stand here to talk about my hobby. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you. That’s all. $

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Unit 1 Time to Relax.(单词+短语+句型+语法+写作)-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元知识盘点(新教材人教版)
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Unit 1 Time to Relax.(单词+短语+句型+语法+写作)-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元知识盘点(新教材人教版)
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Unit 1 Time to Relax.(单词+短语+句型+语法+写作)-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元知识盘点(新教材人教版)
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