特训6 基础语法[动词的时态与语态]+知识应用—语篇语法填空-【创新教程·微点特训】2025-2026学年高三英语寒假作业假期实战特训

英语 特训6基础语法[动词的时态与语态]+ 知识应用[语篇语法填空] [基础语法一动词的时态与语态] I.单句语法填空 1.Gatera has been concentrating on learning food crop planting techniques in China since he (come)to China for his master's and doctoral studies in 2019. 2.By introducing over 300 advanced agricultural technologies,the average output of African crops (grow)by 30 percent to 60 percent so far,benefiting more than 1 整 million local farming households. 3.In 2012,I went to China's ceramics capital,Jingdezhen,for the first time from Delft,and then to Gaoling Mountain,where china clay (find)in ancient times. 4.In recent years,the TV dramas (play)an essential part in the cultural exchange between the two sides. 郑 5.In 2004,she (admit)into the State Conservatory of Uzbekistan to study as a con- ductor. 6.Spring plowing,known as chun geng in Chinese, (set)the foundation for the year's grain production. 7.One good example is Henan's "Central-China Agricultural Valley"project,which (equip)with monitoring stations and satellites. 8.For years,Shangshan Culture,a culture from more than 8,000 years ago in the middle and 慕 western part of East China's Zhejiang Province, (recognize)as a source of rice agriculture. 9.The first Morse code message (send)from Washington to Baltimore in 1844. 10.Celebrated for over 2,000 years,the festival (hold)in the second month of the lu- nar calendar to commemorate the birthday of the flower goddess. 11.Up to now,thousands of red phone boxes,the old image of Britain, (remove)due to mobile phones. 12.According to the festival's organizers,enthusiasm for traditional culture (grow)among young people in recent years. 13.To accommodate the growing number of visitors last year,the one-day festival 阳 (extend)to a three-day holiday. 14.The King realized how very foolish he (be)himself to leave his kingdom unguard- ed,and he and his army returned at once to Benares. 15.Usually,better outcomes (achieve)through a thorough understanding of strate- gies like risk tolerance. Ⅱ.语法与写作 1.(2025·全国二卷)上个月，你欣然同意写一篇关于加拿大体育的文章，我们都很期待阅读。 Last month,you kindly and 2.(2025·全国一卷)我一直专注于控制聚会，以至于在这段困难时期，我没有考虑到托比对我 弟弟有多重要。 厨 that I failed to consider how important Toby was to my brother during this difficult time. 3.(2025·北京卷)如果我们能提高人们对它的认识，鼓励更多的人采取行动，这将产生很大的影响。 it will make a big difference. 4.(2024·浙江1月卷)如果你每天做伸展运动，它会提高你的注意力和集中力，使你更容易在 课堂上保持专注。 If you do stretching exercises every day, mak- ing it easier to stay engaged in class. ·21· 5.(2024·新课标I、Ⅱ卷)上周五我们在公园里上了一堂美术课。整个班级充满了欢乐。 Last Friday witnessed an art class we had in a park [知识应用一语篇语法填空] [主题语境1]人与社会一日常生活… Since Brad Ryan began to take grandma Joy on trips to the breathtaking landscapes of America,they 1, (go)through dozens of cross-country adventures. In 2015,Brad Ryan visited his 85-year-old grandma 2. (live)a simple life on her own,and then he hoped that spending some quality family time with her would help to lift her spirits.When he told 3. (story)of his travels to his grandma,she regretted not seeing more of the world.Then Ryan invited his grandma 4. (hike)with him, and she accepted his idea 5. (cheerful).From then on,the pair travelled to 29 National Parks in total,and had many adventures along the way,6. has even af- fected his way of life. "Life for her now is a lot 7. (rich).It was the look in her eyes that impressed me a lot."Ryan said,"I love my grandma.She has taught me how to live,I've learned to slow down and see the world in 8. different way.There are so many viewpoints and knowledge we can gain 9. our elders.Even if some day she does pass away,I can go back to these places to feel her spirit and feel 10. (connect).to her.” [主题语境2]人与社会一历史、社会、文学与文化… B The latest film Re La Gun Tang,or YOLO in English,which Jia Ling directed and played the lead role in,has finally hit the big screen as part of the Spring Festival movies in 2024. The film 1. (feature)Jia tells a story of an unemployed woman in her thirties who leads an aimless life.It has set off an online argument due to Jia's significant weight loss, 2. it goes far beyond that.Jia once explained on her Weibo account:"The film is not 3. (relate)to weight loss and even has very little connection with boxing.It tells 4. a kind person finds herself and learns to love herself." After a family conflict,Le Ying (played by Jia Ling)decides to leave home 5. she lives with her parents and her divorced younger sister.From then on,she struggles to live an inde- pendent life,working at a small restaurant.Her unexpected encounter 6. Hao Kun (played by Lei Jiayin),a boxing coach,brings a glimmer of hope into her gloomy life. However,fate plays another cruel trick on her,further 7. (complicate)her journey.In- stead of getting 8. (depress),she turns to boxing and pulls through slowly. The comedy film 9. (dominate)the box office chart since its debut,pocke- ting about 2.7 billion yuan in revenue."It was incredibly moving,"said Cheng Zhangli,a vie- wer in Beijing."The heroine's unwavering persistence and 10. (determine)deeply touched me.I believe everyone should applaud their own journey,"she added. C As archaeologists explored ancient tombs in Turpan in western China,they discovered some surprisingly well-preserved and hardened dumplings. Exactly 1. invented dumplings remains a mystery.But some scholars suspect they were first spread around the ancient world by peoples living in western China and Central Asia more than 1,700 years ago. Dumplings continued to take off and diversify in China over the next thousand years.In- stead of the 2. (tradition)meat filling,some communities preferred vegetable dumplings.And because wheat was 3. (hard)to grow outside of northern China than in northern China,those in other regions began making dumplings using rice and sweet po- tato.The relationship 4. Chinese dumplings and those in other areas is hard to trace,but food historians 5. (make)their best guesses based on available clues. Turkic tribes spread and 6. (eventual)established the Ottoman Empire around 1,300 CE,bringing wrapped food west with them. Some scholars believe that the Mongol Empire also helped dumplings go farther,perhaps 7. (introduce)them to parts of Eastern Europe.These dumplings could have come by way of China or directly from some of the Turkic peoples the Mongols hired to run their empire. ·22· Later,after Chinese dumpling 8. (variety)were introduced to more countries, English speakers began calling them dumplings.The term is thought 9. Cuse) firstly in 16th-century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid.During the Second World War,Chinese "jiaozi"was brought to Japan,10. it became known as "gyoza"and was more typically pan-fried. D Back in 1. late 1700s,long before people understood the reason behind im- munity,farmers and doctors in rural areas of Britain noticed that dairymaids(挤奶女工)and other people who got a mild disease called cowpox()seldom caught its fearsome cousin, smallpox(天花).Was there a connection?Some decided there was and inserted(嵌人的)materi- al from the cowpox into an incision they cut on the arm of healthy people,thus somehow 2. (protect)them from smallpox.In 1798,a doctor named Edward Jenner published the results of his experiments using this procedure,earning 3. (he)fame as the“Fa ther of Immunology”". Scientists later figured out that cowpox somehow protected one from smallpox.When peo- ple caught cowpox,their bodies made special cells 4. (call)antibodies.They fought the disease.That's not all.They stayed in the blood 5. case the disease ev- er returned.Because cowpox and smallpox are fairly similar,if a person was later exposed to the more serious disease,antibodies were ready 6. (fight)it too. That knowledge helped scientists develop vaccines.The term vaccination originated from Latin.They contain the viruses,weakened,dead or modified().Injected into the blood,they trick the immune system into making antibodies.7. the body ever meets with those same 8. (virus),even at full strength,the antibodies make short work of them. Vaccination prior to 9. (expose)to the virus is ideal.But a vaccination given within three days of exposure will 10. (complete)prevent or significantly modify smallpox in the majority of people and given within the first four to seven days will likely offer some protection or soften the disease. E As the source of all life,water plays a vital role in Chinese culture,influencing both Chi- nese civilization and philosophy.Many Chinese legends reflect the 1. (admire)for water and the spirit of bravely fighting natural disasters caused by water.Yu,the first ruler of the Xia Dynasty,2. (successful)controlled the floods by digging waterways so that the floodwater could flow into the sea smoothly.The Dujiangyan Irrigation System in Si- chuan,first 3. (construct)in 256 BC,took advantage of the local natural features without 4. (damage)the environment.Additionally,water 5. (give) philosophical meanings to help nurture Chinese people and govern the country,inspiring the ancient rulers 6. (respect)the will of people and follow the laws of nature.Confu- cius believed water had diverse 7. (virtue)including justice,courage and right- eousness,so 8. was suggested that people should learn from water and cultivate their sense of morality.Laozi gave birth to the idea of overcoming hardness with softness and non-action.Xunzi compared a ruler and his people 9. a boat and water to show the importance of the people in society.Water,being an essential element in daily life,is a symbol in Chinese culture,10. flows through Chinese civilization. ◆[主题语境3]人与自然一环境保护 F China plans to build more beautiful bays to improve marine ecology China has stepped up its construction of "beautiful bays"in 1. effort to con- serve its marine ecology and environment. The Ministry of Ecology and Environment has issued a plan 2. (build)more than 110 bays across the country by 2027.These bays will achieve harmony between people and the marine environment,with the ministry noting that "clear water and clean 3. (beach),and shoals of fish and flocks of seabirds"will be seen. The 110 figure will account 4. about 40 percent of China's major bays,ac- cording to the ministry.The plan also sets the goal of transforming seven cities,including Xia men,into model zones 5. all coastal areas can be classed as beautiful bays. ·23· It details three tasks,including the protection and 6. (restore)of typical ma- rine ecosystems,and the improvement of key sewage outlets that empty into the sea.The minis- try said that China's long-term goal is to build all 283 of 7. (it)major bays into beautiful bays by 2035,with that figure including the 110 outlined in the plan. In recent years,China 8. (channel)increased energy into the protection of its marine ecology and environment as part of its efforts to promote the construction of a beautiful China.The revised Marine Environment Protection Law came into force on Jan.1,2024,9. (strengthen)the accountability of local governments and creating new systems,inclu- ding zoning management and 10. (comprehension)control systems. [主题语境4们人与社会一科学技术… G China's moon-landing spacesuit witnesses China's commitment to innovation and precision engineering.Designed to tolerate the extreme lunar environment 1. severe tem- peratures,lack of the atmosphere and lasting radiation 2. (expose)bring signifi- cant challenges,the suit features multiple layers.The inner layer provides comfort to keep taikonauts()cool and dry,one of the middle layers maintains atmospheric pressure es- sential for survival,and the outer layer,made of strong and heat-resistant materials,3. (safeguard)taikonauts from the tough lunar conditions. 时 The suit is equipped with 4. (remark)features,one of which is its mobility. 5. the multiple layers and many protective elements,the suit remains flexible. The suit's gloves,for example,are specially designed to allow for fine motor skills,making it easier for the taikonaut 6. (handle)tools and equipment. The suit marks 7. major breakthrough in space technology.It employs cut- ting-edge materials that 8. (perfect)since their development,including the use of smart materials that adapt to changing conditions for enhanced protection and comfort.The suit is also packed with high-tech communication and navigation systems,and a range of sensors and 9. (monitor)devices that provide real-time updates on the taikonaut's health. As China continues to extend 10. (boundary)of space exploration,its moon- landing spacesuit will play an important role in the nation's pursuit of knowledge and discovery. H China will dominate more than half of the global humanoid robot production this year,as the country is racing ahead in the sector as part of the next big frontier in artificial intelligence 1. automation,according to a recent industry report. The report,jointly published by Leaderobot and nine other institutions,2. (predict)that this year the country will produce more than 10,000 humanoid robots,reaching 8.24 billion yuan (1.14 billion)in sales revenue(). With costs falling and ecosystems 3. (mature),the humanoid robot industry 烯 is ready to leap from pilot projects to large-scale commercialization.It is a path "reminiscent of China's rapid rise in electric vehicles"-and it could give 4. country a fresh eco- nomic growth engine,said the report. One early sign of commercial traction came in March,5. Chinese robotics firm UBTech Robotics-a provider of robotics to automaker Dongfeng Liuzhou Motor -said Dongfeng would roll out 20 6. (industry)humanoid robots,with full deployment (部署)expected in the first half of2025. Wang Tianmiao,honorary director of robotics at Beihang University,said the surge() in investment reflects both market forces and national strategy. "Now,humanoid robots 7. (position)to meet human needs and drive busi- ness efficiency,"Wang said."At the same time,countries are competing severely for dominance in next-gen tech-and AI and robotics are right at the heart of that race." However,the report also urged local governments 8. (focus)on strategic positioning and avoid "overhyped investments".It warned against a flood of short-term capital chasing buzzwords,calling instead 9. funds to support research and development and real-world testing. To build a sustainable market,the report said,policymakers need to lead on setting 10. (standard)and control the risks of valuation bubbles and copycat competition. ·24·纪念；D.recorded记录。根据后文“l8 projects across the country”以及上文提到提供启动资金，所以是在 全国支持了18个项目。] 59.C[考查介词短语辨析。句意：延斯估计，到2025 年底，该项目仍有4个在建项目，总发电量将达到 ll0万千瓦。A.on sale出售；B.on view在展出； C.in progress正在进行；D.in question在讨论中。 根据后文“Jens estimates by the end of2025,the de- velopments will have”说明有四个在建项目。] 60.D[考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A.reserved预 定；B.wasted浪费；C.consumed消耗；D.generated 产生。根据后文“a total of1,100,000kW”指项目产 生的发电量达到110万千瓦。] 特训6 [基础语法一动词的时态与语态] I. 1.came[考查动词时态。句意：自Gatera2019年来中 国攻读硕士和博士学位以来，他一直专注于学习粮食 作物种植技术。since引导的时间状语从句用一般过 去时，故填came。] 2.has grown[考查动词时态。句意：迄今为止，非洲引 进了300多项先进的农业技术，农作物产量提高了 30%至60%，惠及100多万农户。根据时间状语s0 far可知，应用现在完成时，主语核心词是output,谓语 应用单数形式，故填has grown。] 3.was found[考查动词的语态。句子主千是I went to China's ceramics capital,and then to Gaoling Moun- tain。空处所在部分为where引导的非限制性定语从 句，且从句中缺少谓语动词。结合句意“古时候陶瓷 黏土在这里被发现”可知，谓语动词应用一般过去时 的被动语态。故填was found。] 4.have played[考查动词时态。句意：近年来，电视剧 在两岸文化交流中发挥了重要作用。设空处为谓语 动词，根据时间状语In recent years,应用现在完成 时，主语the TV dramas,谓语用助动词have,故填 have played。 5.was admitted[考查动词语态。句意：2004年，她被 乌兹别克斯坦国立音乐学院录取，学习指挥。分析句 子结构可知，此处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语 In2004可知，句子描述的是过去的事情，应用一般过 去时，且主语she与admit之间为被动关系，应用一般 过去时的被动语态，主语she为单数，be动词用was。 故填was admitted。] 6.sets[考查动词时态。句意：Spring plowing(春耕)， 在中国被称为“chun geng(春耕)”，为全年的粮食生产 奠定了基础。空处作句子的谓语，句子陈述客观事 实，应用一般现在时，主语为Spring plowing,和谓语 动词set之间为主动关系，所以应用一般现在时的主 动语态，谓语动词用三单形式。故填sets。] 7.is equipped[考查动词语态。句意：一个很好的例子 是河南的“中原农业谷”项目，该项目配备了监测站和 卫星。空处作定语从句的谓语，句子陈述客观事实， 应用一般现在时，从句主语which指代先行词pro ject,为第三人称单数，和从句谓语动词equip之间为 被动关系，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。故填s equipped。] 8.has been recognized[考查动词时态和语态。For years为时间状语，Shangshan Culture为主语，acul- ture..East China's Zhejiang Province为同位语，空 处为谓语动词。根据本句状语For years可以判断空 处应使用现在完成时，又因recognize与主语Shangs- han Culture之间为被动关系，需要使用被动语态。故 填has been recognized。.] ● 9.was sent[考查动词时态和语态。句意：1844年，第 一条摩斯密码信息从华盛顿传送到巴尔的摩。主语 message与谓语构成被动关系，根据后文in1844可知 为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用单数。故填was sent。J l0.is held[考查动词语态。句意：这个节日已有2000 多年的历史，在农历二月举行，以纪念花神的诞辰。 陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，the festival和hold 为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为单数名词，be动词 使用is。故填is held。] ll.have been removed[考查动词时态和语态。句意： 到现在为止，成千上万的红色电话亭一 一英国的古老 印象一由于手机的使用已被拆除。根据时间状语 Up to now可知设空处需用现在完成时；主语red phone boxes与remove之间为被动关系，要用被动 语态。 l2.has grown,/has been growing[考查动词时态。句 意：据节日主办方介绍，近年来，年轻人对传统文化的 热情不断增长。根据时间状语“in recent years”可知， 此处为现在完成时或者现在完成进行时，主语为en thusiasm,助动词用has。故填has grown/has been growing。」 l3.was extended[考查动词语态。句意：为了容纳去 年越来越多的游客，为期一天的节日被延长到了三天 的假期。根据上文last year可知，本句描述过去的动 作和状态，故时态用一般过去时，主语the one-day fes- tival与动词extend“延长”构成被动关系，故用一般过 去时的被动语态，主语为the one-day festival,be动词 用was。故填was extended.] l4.had been[考查动词时态。句意：国王意识到自己 让王国无人守卫是多么愚蠢，于是他和军队立刻返回 了贝拿勒斯。本空在宾语从句中作谓语，根据语境及 主句谓语realized可知，从句中描述的是realized之前 已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”，时态应 用过去完成时。故填had been,] l5.are achieved[考查动词语态。句意：通常，通过充 分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。 根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯 性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better out- comes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一 般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数， be动词应用are。故填are achieved,] 1.agreed to write an article about sports in Canada we're all looking forward to reading it 2.I had been so focused on keeping the party under control 3.If we can raise awareness about it and encourage more people to take action 4.it will improve your focus and concentration 5.The whole class was filled with joy [知识应用一语篇语法填空 A.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了 Brad Ryan和Joy奶奶一起去美国那些令人惊叹的地方 旅行的事情。Ryan说奶奶教会了他如何生活，学会了 慢下来，用不同的方式看世界。 l.have gone[考查动词时态。句意：自从Brad Ryan 开始带着乔伊奶奶去美国那些令人惊叹的地方旅行 以来，他们已经经历了几十次越野冒险。根据上文 Since Brad Ryan began to take grandma Joy on trips to the breathtaking landscapes of America可知，应用 现在完成时，主语为they,助动词用have。故填have gone。J ● 2.living[考查非谓语动词。句意：20l5年，Brad Ryan 看望了自己过着简单生活的85岁高龄的奶奶，他希 望和她共度一段美好的家庭时光能帮助她振作起来。 分析句子结构可知live在句中做非谓语动词，与逻辑 主语grandma构成主动关系，应用现在分词。故填 living。 3.stories考查名词复数。句意：当他向祖母讲述他旅 行的故事时，她后悔没有多看看这个世界。stoy为 可数名词，前面没有冠词，应用复数形式。故填so ries. 4.to hike[考查非谓语动词。句意：然后，瑞安邀请他 的奶奶和他一起去远足，她欣然接受了他的想法。短 语invite sb.to do sth.“邀请某人做某事”。故填to hike。J 5.cheerfully[考查副词。句意同上。修饰动词accept 应用副词。故填cheerfully。] 6.which[考查定语从句。句意：从那以后，他们一起 去了29个国家公园，一路上经历了很多冒险，甚至影 响了他的生活。本句为非限定性定语从句修饰上文 整个句子，且从句中缺少主语。故填which。] 7.richer[考查形容词比较级。句意：现在她的生活丰 富多了。结合句意表示“更加丰富”应用形容词比较 级，故填richer。] 8.a[考查冠词。句意：她教我如何生活，我学会了慢 下来，用不同的方式看世界。短语in a different way “用一种不同的方式”。故填a。] 9.from[考查介词。句意：我们可以从长辈那里获得 很多观，点和知识。结合句意表示“从…”应用介词 from。故填from。] 10.connected[考查形容词。句意：即使有一天她真的 去世了，我也可以回到这些地方去感受她的精神，感 受和她的联系。根据上文feel为系动词可知，应填形 容词作表语，故填connected。] B.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了电影 《热辣滚烫》的内容和这部电影的影响。 l.featuring[考查非谓语动词。句意：这部以贾玲为主 角的电影讲述了一个三十多岁的失业妇女过着没有 目标的生活的故事。分析句子结构，空处应用非谓语 动词。逻辑主语The film和feature之间是主谓关 系，应用现在分词，作后置定语。故填featuring。] 2.but[考查连词。句意：由于贾玲的体重大幅下降， 这在网上引发了一场争论，但远远不止于此。根据句 意，“It has set off an online argument due to Jia'ssig nificant weight loss'”和“it goes far beyond that'”之间 是转折关系，应用but。故填but。] 3.related[考查形容词。句意：这部电影与减肥无关， 甚至与拳击几乎没有联系。空处应用形容词作表语。 related意为“相关的”，be related to表示“与…有 关”。故填related。] 4.how[考查宾语从句。句意：它讲述了一个善良的人 如何发现自己并学会爱自己。分析句子结构，空处引 导一个宾语从句，且从句中缺少方式状语，应用how(如 何)引导。故填how。] 5.where[考查定语从句。句意：在一次家庭冲突后， 乐莹（贾玲饰）决定离开与父母和离婚的妹妹住在一 起的家。分析句子结构，空处引导限定性定语从句， 先行词是home,关系词在从句中作地点状语，应用关 系副词where引导。故填where。] 6.with[考查介词。句意：她与拳击教练吴坤（雷佳音 饰)的意外相遇，给她灰暗的生活带来了一线希望。 encounter with意为“和…相遇”，为固定搭配。故 填with。] ● 7 7.complicating[考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，命运又在 她身上开了一个残酷的玩笑，使她的旅程更加复杂。分 析句子结构，空处应用非谓语动词。这里表示自然产生 的结果，应用现在分词，作结果状语。故填complicating。] 8.depressed[考查形容词。句意：她没有消沉，而是转 向拳击，并慢慢地坚持了下来。根据空前的系动词 getting可知，这里应用形容词depressed“抑郁的，意 志消沉的”，作表语。故填depressed。] 9.has dominated[考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句 意：这部喜剧电影自上映以来就占据了票房排行榜的 主导地位，收入约27亿元。空处是本句的谓语。根 据句中的时间状语“since its debut'”可知，这里应用现 在完成时。主语为The comedy film,助动词使用has。 故填has dominated。] l0.determination[考查名词。句意：女主角坚定不移 的坚持和决心深深打动了我。空处和and前的per sistence并列作主语，应用名词determination“决心”， 不可数名词。故填determination。] C.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。本文追溯了饺子的 发展史，虽然到底是谁发明了饺子仍然是个谜，但一些 学者怀疑，它们最早是在1700多年前由生活在中国西 部和中亚的人们传播到世界各地的。 l.who[考查主语从句。根据空后的“But some schol ars suspect..more than 1,700 years ago”可知，一些 学者怀疑它们最早是在1700多年前由生活在中国西 部和中亚的人们传播到古代的世界各地的。由此可 知，此处说到底是谁发明了饺子仍然是个谜，空处引 导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“谁”。故 填who。」 2.traditional[考查形容词。根据空处所在的位置可 知，空处所填词在句中作定语，修饰meat filling。故 填形容词traditional。.] 3.harder[考查形容词的比较级。根据空后的than可 知，此处应用形容词比较级。故填harder。」 4.between[考查介词。根据空前的“The relationship” 以及空后的“Chinese dumplings and those in other ar- eas”可知，该空应填between,表示“中国饺子和其他 地区的饺子之间的关系很难追溯”。且the relation ship between..,and..为固定搭配。故填between。] 5.have made[考查时态。此处指食物历史学家已经 根据可用的线索作出了最好的猜测；根据语境可知， 做出猜测发生在过去，但对现在造成了影响，所以用 现在完成时。故填have made。.] 6.eventually[考查副词。空处修饰其后的动词estab lished,应用副词。故填eventually。] T.introducing[考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知， that引导的宾语从句中已有谓语动词helped,故该空 在句中作非谓语，且introduce与主语the Mongol Empire构成了逻辑上的主谓关系。故填introdu cing。」 8.varieties[考查名词复数。分析句子结构可知，空处 在句中作主语；根据空后的were可知，该空应用所给词 的复数形式。故填varieties。] 9.to have been used[考查固定句型。“主语十be十及 物动词的过去分词十动词不定式”是一个固定句型， 相当于Itis十及物动词的过去分词十that从句；由于 The term与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，且use这 一动作已经完成。故填to have been used,] l0.where[考查定词从句。分析句子结构可知，空处 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Japan,关系词在从 句中作地点状语。故填where。] ● D.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了18世 纪末Edward Jenner发现接种牛痘提取物能预防天花， 从而开创疫苗接种的历史，并解释了抗体如何通过识别 相似病毒提供免疫力。 1.the[考查冠词。句意：早在18世纪末，远在人们理 解免疫原理之前，英国乡村的农民和医生注意到，挤 奶女工和其他感染过一种名为牛痘的轻微疾病的人， 很少染上其可怕的近亲疾病一天花。空后为late 1700s,“某世纪某年代”前需加定冠词the。故 填the。] 2.protecting[考查非谓语动词。句意：一些人认为有， 于是将牛痘的提取物注入健康人手臂上的切口，从而 以某种方式保护他们免受天花侵害。句子主千成分 完整，空处表示随着谓语行为自然发生的结果，作结 果状语，应用protect“保护”的现在分词形式。故填 protecting。」 3.himself/his[考查代词。句意：1798年，一位名叫 Edward Jenner的医生发表了使用此方法的实验结 果，并因此赢得了“免疫学之父”的声誉。earn sb.sth. 意为“为某人赢得某物”，空处作earning的宾语，此处 earn这一动作的实施者和承受者为同一人，空处应用 he的反身代词形式，或用earn sth.表示“赢得某物，挣 得某物”，把空处看作修饰名词fame的定语，用形容 词性物主代词his。故填himself/his。] 4.called[考查非谓语动词。句意：当人感染牛痘时， 身体会产生一种特殊的细胞，称为抗体。空处是非谓 语，作special cells的后置定语，call“称作”和special cells逻辑上是被动关系，因此用call的过去分词形 式。故填called。] 5.in[考查介词。句意：它们还会留在血液中，以防疾 病再次来袭。结合“the disease ever returned”可知， 此处应用固定搭配in case表示“以防”，引导目的状语 从句。故填in。] 6.to fight[考查非谓语动词。句意：由于牛痘和天花 非常相似，如果一个人后来接触更严重的天花病毒， 抗体也能迅速投入战斗。be ready to do sth.是固定 短语，意为“准备好做某事”，空处应用fight“与… 作斗争”的不定式形式。故填to fight。.] 7.If/When[考查状语从句。句意：如果身体日后遇到 同样的病毒/当身体日后遇到同样的病毒时，哪怕病 毒来势汹汹，抗体也能轻松消灭它们。前半句可理解 为是后半句发生的条件，空处可用从属连词f引导条 件状语从句，意为“如果”；前半句也可理解为和后半 句同时发生，空处可用从属连词when引导时间状语 从句，意为“当…的时候”，且空处位于句首，f或 when的首字母均需大写。故填If/When.] 8.viruses[考查名词复数。句意同上。空处作with的 宾语，those后应用可数名词virus“病毒”的复数形式。 故填viruses。 9.exposure[考查名词。句意：理想情况下，应在接触 病毒前接种疫苗。空处作介词to的宾语，名词expo- sure符合题意，意为“接触”，是不可数名词。故填ex posure。」 l0.completely[考查副词。句意：但若在接触后3天 内接种，仍能完全预防或大幅减轻天花症状；而在接 触后4至7天内接种，也可能提供部分保护或减轻病 情。空处修饰动词prevent,副词completely符合题 意，意为“完全地”。故填completely。] E.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。水作为生命之源， 在中华文化中起着至关重要的作用，影响着中华文明和 哲学。本文从历史传说和哲学层面阐述了水的重要性。 ·7 l.admiration[考查名词。句意：中国的许多传说反映 了对水的崇拜和勇敢抵御水造成的自然灾害的精神。 根据空前的the可知，空格处应填入名词在句中作宾 语。admire的名词形式为admiration。故填admira- tion。J 2.successfully[考查副词。句意：夏朝的第一任统治 者一禹，通过开凿水道成功地控制了洪水，使洪水 能够顺利流入大海。此处应用副词作状语，修饰动词 controlled。successful的副词形式为successfully。故 填successfully。] 3.constructed[考查过去分词。句意：四川都江堰水利 系统始建于公元前256年，充分利用了当地自然特 征，不破坏环境。空格处应填入非谓语动词作定语。 被修饰词The Dujiangyan Irrigation System与con struct是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词，表示被 动。故填constructed。] 4.damaging[考查动名词。句意同上。根据空前的介 词without可知，空格处应填入动名词作宾语。故填 damaging。」 5.was given[考查动词的时态和语态。句意：此外，水 被赋予了滋养中国人民和治理国家的哲学意义，激励 古代统治者尊重人民的意愿，遵循自然规律。空格处 缺少谓语动词。根据下文对孔子、荀子和老子的哲学 思想的描述可知，此处句子应用一般过去时态。主语 water与动词give是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语 态。故填was given。] 6.to respect[考查动词不定式。句意同上。inspire sb.tod0sth.意为“激励某人做某事”，故此处应用不 定式作宾语补足语。故填to respect。] 7.virtues[考查名词的复数。句意：孔子认为水具有公 正、勇气和正直等多种美德，建议人们学习水，培养道 德意识。根据空前的diverse可知，这里的virtue应该 用复数形式virtues。.故填virtues。] 8.t[考查代词。句意同上。空格处为形式主语，句中 that引导的从句是真正的主语，故用it作形式主语。 故填it。] 9.to[考查介词。句意：荀子把统治者和他的人民比作 船和水，以表明人民在社会中的重要性。此处为固定 搭配compare...to..,意为“把…比作成…”。 故填to。] 10.which[考查定语从句。句意：水作为日常生活中 必不可少的元素，是中华文化中的一个象征，它贯穿 于中华文明之中。分析句子可知，此处是非限性定语 从句。先行词为water,指物，关系词在定语从句中作 主语，故用关系代词which引导定语从句。故填 which。] F.[语篇解读]这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了生态 环境部发布了到2027年在全国建设110多个海湾的计划。 这些海湾将实现人与海洋环境的和谐，环境部指出，“清澈 的海水和干净的海滩，鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出现。 1.an[考查冠词。句意：中国加大“美丽海湾”建设力 度，保护海洋生态环境。固定短语in an effort to表示 “企图”。故填an,] 2.to build[考查非谓语动词。句意：生态环境部发布 了到2027年在全国建设110多个海湾的计划。名词 plan后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to build.] 3.beaches[考查名词复数。句意：这些海湾将实现人 与海洋环境的和谐，环境部指出，“清澈的海水和千净 的海滩，鱼群和成群的海鸟”将会出现。根据后文 “and shoals of fish and flocks of seabirds'”可知，数量 大于一，应用复数形式。故填beaches。] 4.for[考查介词。句意：据该部称，110这个数字将占 中国主要海湾的40%左右。固定短语account for表 示“占比”。故填for。 5.where[考查定语从句。句意：该计划还设定了将包 括厦门在内的七个城市转变为示范区的目标，在这些 示范区中，所有沿海地区都可以被归类为美丽海湾。此 处是限定性定语从句，先行词是model zones,.关系词在从 句作地，点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where.。 6.restoration[考查名词复数。句意：它详细说明了三 项任务，包括保护和恢复典型的海洋生态系统，改善 主要入海的排污口。此处作介词的宾语，应用名词 restoration,不可数。故填restoration。] 7.ts[考查代词。句意：该部表示，中国的长期目标是 到2035年将所有283个主要海湾建设成美丽海湾，其 中包括计划中概述的110个。此处修饰名词bays,应 用形容词性物主代词its。故填its。] 8.has channeled[考查时态。句意：近年来，中国加大 海洋生态环境保护力度，积极推进美丽中国建设。根 据上文In recent years可知，应用现在完成时，主语为 China,助动词用has。故填has channeled.] 9.strengthening[考查非谓语动词。句意：修订后的 《海洋环境保护法》于2024年1月1日起施行，强化了 地方政府问责制，并建立了分区管理、综合治理等新 制度。此处strengthen与The revised Marine Envi-- ronment Protection La构成主动关系，应用现在分 词，作状语。故填strengthening。」 l0.comprehensive[考查形容词。句意同上。此处修 饰名词systems,应用形容词comprehensive,作定语。 故填comprehensive。] G.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了 中国登月宇航服的特点、技术突破及其在太空探索中的 重要作用。 l.where[考查定语从句。句意：这款航天服旨在耐受 极端的月球环境，在这种环境中，严峻的温度、缺乏大 气层和持续的辐射暴露带来了重大挑战，它具有多层 结构。本空引导限制性定语从句，先行词是the ex- treme lunar environment,指物，关系词代替先行词从 句中作地，点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填 where。 2.exposure[考查名词。句意同上。lasting radiation (expose)和名词短语severe tempera- tures和lack of the atmosphere并列一起作定语从句 主语，用名词exposure“?暴露”，故填exposure。] 3.safeguards[考查动词时态。句意：内层提供舒适 感，使航天员保持凉爽干燥；中间层之一雏持生存所 需的大气压力；外层则由坚固耐热的材料制成，保护 航天员免受恶劣的月球环境影响。本空为and后句 子的谓语，根据前文谓语provides和maintains可知， 此处描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语the out- er layer为第三人称单数，谓语用safeguard“保护”的 第三人称单数。故填safeguards。.] 4.remarkable[考查形容词。句意：这款宇航服配备了 显著的特点，其中之一就是它的机动性。此处作定 语，修饰名词features,需用形容词remarkable“显著 的”，故填remarkable。] 5.Despite[考查介词。句意：尽管有多层和许多保护 元素，但这款宇航服仍然保持灵活。此处表示“尽 管”，用介词despite“尽管”，句首单词，首字母大写。 故填Despite。] 6.to handle[考查非谓语动词。句意：例如，宇航服的 手套经过特殊设计，可以允许进行精细的机械操作， 。7 使航天员更容易处理工具和设备。本句谓语为are designed,此处需用非谓语动词，“make it十adi.十for sb.to do sth.”结构中，it为形式宾语，本空用handle “操纵”的不定式，作真正的宾语，故填to handle。] 7.a[考查冠词。句意：这款宇航服标志着太空技术的 一个重大突破。此处表示泛指“一个重大突破”，且 major为辅音音素开头的单词，本空用不定冠词a。故 填a。」 8.have been perfected[考查动词时态和语态。句意： 它采用了自开发以来不断完善的最先进材料，包括使 用智能材料来适应不断变化的环境，以增强保护和舒 适度。本空为that引导的限制性定语从句的谓语，根 据时间状语since their development可知，从句时态需 用现在完成时，且从句主语that指代先行词materials 与谓语动词perfect“完善”之间为被动关系，故用现在 完成时的被动语态，主语为复数，助动词用have。故 have been perfected.] 9.monitoring[考查非谓语动词。句意：这款宇航服还 配备了高科技通信和导航系统，以及一系列传感器和 监测设备，可以实时更新航天员的健康状况。本句谓 语为is packed with,此处需用非谓语动词，逻辑主语 devices与monitor'“监测”为主动关系，应用现在分词 形式monitoring,作定语。故填monitoring。] l0.boundaries[考查名词复数。句意：随着中国不断 拓展太空探索的边界，其登月宇航服将在国家追求知 识和发现的过程中发挥重要作用。此处作extend的 宾语，需用名词boundary“边界”，且此处表示多个边 界，故用复数形式，故填boundaries。] H.[语篇解读]这是一篇新闻报道。介绍了中国正在 崛起的人形机器人产业。 l.and[考查连词。句意：据一份近期的行业报告称， 今年中国将占据全球半数以上的仿人机器人产量。 中国在该领域的发展势头迅猛，这是人工智能和自动 化领域下一个重大前沿领域的一部分。结合前后文 语境可知为并列关系，用连词and。故填and。] 2.predicts[考查时态。句意：由Leaderobot公司与另 外九家机构联合发布的这份报告预测，今年该国将生 产超过10000个仿人机器人，销售额将达到82.4亿 元人民币（约合11.4亿美元）。陈述事实用一般现在 时，主语为The report,谓语用三单形式。故填pre dicts。」 3.maturing[考查非谓语动词。句意：随着成本的降低 以及生态系统的发展成熟，仿人机器人产业已准备好 从试，点项目阶段直接迈向大规模商业化进程。此处 为with的复合结构，ecosystems与mature是主动关 系，用现在分词作宾补。故填maturing。] 4.the[考查冠词。句意：该报告称，这条道路“让人联 想到中国电动汽车产业的迅猛发展”—它或许能为 该国带来新的经济增长动力。此处用the country特 指“中国”。故填the。] 5.when[考查定语从句。句意；商业影响力的初步迹 象出现在3月份，当时中国机器人公司优必选科技有 限公司（为汽车制造商东风柳州汽车提供机器人服 务)表示，东风将推出20台工业型人形机器人，预计 将在2025年上半年全面投入使用。此处引导非限制 性定语从句，先行词是前文March,在从句中作时间 状语，用when引导。故填when。] 6.industrial[考查形容词。句意同上。修饰humanoid robots用形容词industrial。故填industrial。] 7.are being positioned/.are positioned[考查动词语态。 句意：王说：“如今，人形机器人正被定位为能够满足 ● 人类需求并提升企业效率的工具。”此处position与主 语humanoid robots构成被动关系，根据句首的时间 状语NOw和句意，需用现在进行时或一般现在时的 被动语态。故填are being positioned/,are positioned。] 8.to focus[考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，该报告还呼吁 地方政府要注重战略定位，避免“过度妙作投资”。短语 urge sb.to do sth.表示“催促某人做某事”。故填tofo cus。 9.for[考查介词。句意：它警告称，不要让大量短期资 金盲目追逐时髦词汇，而是应将资金用于支持研发以 及实际应用测试。call for表“需要”之意。故填for。] l0.standards[考查名词复数。句意：该报告指出，要 构建一个可持续发展的市场，政策制定者需要在制定 标准方面发挥引领作用，并控制价值泡沫和模仿式竞 争带来的风险。此处数量大于一用复数形式作宾语。 故填standards.。] 特训7 [基础语法一定语从句] I. 1.that/which[考查定语从句。句意：他与另外两名工 程师一起研发了电报系统以及相关编码，该编码通过 一系列点、划（即短脉冲和长脉冲）来表示英文字母表 中的每个字母。定语从句修饰先行词the telegraph and the code,在从句作主语，指物，故填that/which。] 2.whose[考查定语从句。句意：Bana对音乐的热情 来自她的父亲，他是一位音乐家，在父亲的影响下，她 8岁时就开始学习小提琴和钢琴。此处为“介词十关 系代词”引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为her fa ther,与空后的名词influence之间是所属关系，应用 关系代词whose来引导。故填whose。] 3.wh0[考查定语从句。句意：据团队负责人姚坦东介 绍，此次考查的重，点是重大科学问题，例如珠穆朗玛 峰的极端高海拔环境在全球变暖的影响下是如何变 化的。该空引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Yao Tandong,指人，关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语， 用关系代词who。故填who。] 4.which[考查定语从句。句意：在加纳这个拥有3000 多万人口的西非国家，一旦打开黄金时段的电视，观 众们就有很多选择，可以在闲暇时间观看各种各样的 节目，其中中国电视剧尤为突出。分析可知，此处为 “介词十关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，先行 词shows,指物，故应用关系代词which。故填 which。 5.where[考查定语从句。第一分句主千是scholars found an ancient waterway;第二分句主千是they also discovered an area;to the west of the site是介词短语 作状语，其中先行间是an area,后跟定语从句 a large amount of wild rice seemed to have grown. 行词表示地，点，空处在从句中作地点状语，故填 where。」 6.which[考查非限制性定语从句。句意：另一方面， 湘莱以其浓烈和辛辣的口味而闻名，它的特点是将新 鲜的辣椒和大蒜结合在一起，创造出强烈的辛辣味 道。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hunan Cui- sine,从句缺少主语，应用关系代词which,故填 which。] 7.whose[考查定语从句。句子主千是I was deeply impressed by a5,000-year-old ceramic piece。空处所 在部分是修饰先行词piece的定语从句，结合句意“在 参观上海博物馆时，我被一件有5000年历史的陶器 深深打动，其简单的形状让我想起了南美洲古代的陶 7 器”可知，此处表示“它的简单形状”，应用表示所属关 系的关系代词whose。] 8.where[考查定语从句。句意：在华北平原，小麦是 主要作物，农民们一直在忙着准备土壤，这些土壤都 经过了当地农业站的仔细测试和认证，以期获得好收 成。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the North China Plain,关系词替代先行词在从句中作地，点状语， 所以应用关系副词where引导。故填where。] 9.that[考查定语从句。句意：现实如此残酷，他希望 所发生的一切都是不真实的。先行词是everything (不定代词)，且在从句中作主语，定语从句只能由that 引导。故填that。] 10.who[考查定语从句。句意：我感到非常幸福，也为 那些看到他们的处境却没有伸出援手的人感到难过。 本空引导定语从句，修饰先行词those,指人，关系词 代替先行词在从句中作主语，只能用wh0引导。故 填who。] 11.which[考查定语从句。句意：坦尼娅也在关注非 正式服装，而不仅仅是特殊场合的礼服，她计划将这 些服装打包成胶囊衣橱，提供给旅行者，比如那些前 往国外参加婚礼的人，并提供更长期的租赁服务。 she plans to package as capsule ward- robes'”是非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词less formal clothing,指物，关系词将其代入从句中作宾语，应用关 系代词which引导从句。故填which。] l2.where[考查定语从句。句意：这种地形造就了一 个绝佳的集市，在这里，人们可以借助这条河流作为 运输通道来收发货物。先行词为a perfect market,在 定语从句中作状语，故填where。] l3.which[考查定语从句。句意：木制建筑的耐久性 经受住了时间的考验，紫禁城就是一个很好的例子。 空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为the durability of the wooden buildings,指物，关系词在从句中作介 词of的宾语，应用which引导从句。故填which。] 14.why[考查定语从句。句意：第二天早上，厨房阿姨 发现了塑料袋，并在社区小组发帖，问“这是谁干的？” 我立即承认这是我的错，并解释了我不敢伸手进去的 原因。此处引导的定语从句，先行词为the reason,关 系词在定语从句中作原因状语，应用关系副词why。 故填why。] l5.that[考查定语从句。句意：通过了解羽绒服的历 史、类型和选择方法，你可以找到最适合你的那一件， 让你在寒冷的冬天既保暖又时尚。空处引导限制性 定语从句，修饰先行词one,先行词被最高级修饰，关 系词在从句中作主语，指物，应用关系代词that引导 从句。故填that。] 1.who kept him going 2.which will be of benefit to us 3.who/whom I told where I was going 4.where I handed him the money I owed 5.at which I was sure to fail [写作一应用文写作] 1.[参考范文] Bridging the Digital Divide for the Elderly Last week,I took part in an activity organized by the volunteer community to help the elderly bridge the digital divide.We visited a nursing home and patiently taught the seniors how to use apps like WeChat for vide- o calls and online shopping.We also helped them set up payment functions safely.