精品解析：福建省厦门市外国语学校2023-2024学年高二上学期开学考英语试题

厦门外国语学校高二年级暑假学习效果检验考察 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A People with fixed mindsets believe that: ●Skill, intelligence and talents are natural. ●Failure is shameful and should be avoided. ●Some people are naturally good at things while others not. ●You are not in control of your abilities. People with growth mindsets believe that: ●You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills. ●Failure is a valuable lesson. ●People who are good at something are good because they build that ability. ●You are in control of your abilities. have a desire to look smart, so tend to: —Avoid challenges. —Give up easily. —See effort as fruitless or worse. —Ignore useful negative feedback. —Feel threatened by the success of others. have a desire to learn, so tend to: —Embrace challenges. —Persist in the face of setbacks. —See effort as the path to mastery. —Learn from criticism. —Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others. As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential. As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement. Change can be tough, but I’ve never heard anyone say it wasn’t worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it—a richer one. 1. The book “mindset” is intended to ________. A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different results B. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefs C. help readers believe people act differently when facing challenges D. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life 2. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly ________. A. successful B. straightforward C. intelligent D. narrow-minded 3. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say ________. A. “If I win, I’ll be somebody; if I lose, I’ll be nobody.” B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.” C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.” D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.” 【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了“mindset”这本书。 【1题详解】 推理判断题。根据文中两个表格内容“People with fixed mindsets believe that(固定心态的人认为)”和“People with growth mindsets believe that(拥有成长型心态的人相信)”可知，本文通过两种不同心态的人进行对比，最后得出结论，根据表格最后“Change can be tough, but I’ve never heard anyone say it wasn’t worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it—a richer one.(改变是艰难的，但我从未听任何人说不值得。转变成长型思维模式能解决我所有的问题吗？不。但我知道，我有一个不同的生活，因为它——一个更丰富的生活)”可知，《心态》一书的目的是说服人们学会改变，才能享受更丰硕的人生。故选D项。 【2题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格中间左边部分have a desire to look smart, so tend to下的“Feel threatened by the success of others.(对他人的成功感到威胁)”可推知固定心态的人一般是心胸狭窄的。故选D项。 【3题详解】 推理判断题。根据表格上面右边部分People with growth mindsets believe that下的“You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills.(你有能力学习和提高自己的技能)”以及中间部分have a desire to learn, so tend to下的“See effort as the path to mastery.(把努力看作是通往精通的道路)”结合选项可推知，C项“Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.(学习技术和技巧，并经常练习，你就会不断进步)”是一个拥有成长型思维模式的人可能会说的。故选C项。 B As Alexandria Country Day School’s sixth-graders created miniature 3D printed villages to address homelessness, they learned lessons far beyond technology. “It Takes a Village” began as a project for a science class, inspired by life-size 3D-printed homes built by Austin, Texas-based technology company Icon. No strangers to classroom 3D projects, the students were fascinated by Icon’s use of a similar process to create homes made of inexpensive concrete-like material. Unlike standard construction methods, the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days. While creating their mini 3D buildings, the students explored how such technology allows design freedom and quick changes. Mathematical conversions helped get the relations right. For example, a real 25-foot-by-20-foot one-bedroom house would be printed as 40-millimeter-by-32-millimeter (about 1 1/2 inch by 1 1/4 inch) for their mini village. Salwa Seman, 11, said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater (圆形剧场). The tech-focused project quickly evolved into “an exercise in empathy (共情), innovation and cooperation designed to bring about lasting change”. “When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives,” said Juliet Galicia, 11. “While necessary, those are temporary fixes. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution.” In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods, priorities were shelter, food stores, schools, and health centers. But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. “We wanted to make it feel more like a real community,” said Luke Wazorko, 11. A community garden, a place to raise chickens, an amphitheater for shared events, bus stops for access to jobs, and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents. Amber Fogarty, president of a nonprofit organization tackling homelessness in Austin, said, “Housing alone will never solve homelessness, but community will. People need a place where they are known, cared for and loved.” 4. Which can be used to describe homes created by Icon? A. Hard-sided. B. Long-lasting. C. Rough-edged. D. Strong-minded. 5. What conclusion can we draw from Galicia’ words? A. Juliet Galicia has participated in food and clothing drives in the past. B. Temporary solutions have proved to be of little help to unhoused people. C. Providing unhoused people with a place to live will solve all of their problems. D. A comprehensive approach is required to fully address the issue of homelessness. 6. The author may agree to the ideas EXCEPT that________. A. a team of people can use 3D printing to build homes B. builders can adapt a 3D-printed design to fit a person’s preferences C. the students faced challenges in building their miniature communities D. places for personal interactions are an important aspect of a community 7. What is the purpose of the sixth paragraph? A. To emphasize community gardens as the most important part of neighborhoods. B. To illustrate technology has nothing to do with helping unhoused people. C. To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing. D. To promote the project as a profitable design to Austin. 【答案】4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了一群孩子为无家可归者设计住宅小区。 【4题详解】 细节理解题。由文章第三段“ Unlike standard construction methods, the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days.(与标准建造方法不同，建造这些耐用房屋的过程只需几天。)”可知，这种材料制造出来的房子是很耐用的。故选B项。 【5题详解】 推理判断题。由文章第五段“‘When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives, ’said Juliet Galicia, 11. ‘While necessary, those are temporary fixes. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution. ’(11岁的朱丽叶·加利西亚（Juliet Galicia）说：‘当大多数人想到帮助无家可归者时，他们想到的是食物和衣服的需求。虽然有必要，但这些都是暂时的解决办法。即使住房本身也不是一个完整的解决方案。’)”可推知，Juliet Galicia认为，我们不仅要解决吃住问题，还要针对无家可归的人们想出一个更全面的解决方案。故选D项。 【6题详解】 细节理解题。通读全文可知，选项A在第一段“As Alexandria Country Day School’s sixth-graders created miniature 3D printed villages to address homelessness (亚历山大乡村走读学校六年级学生创造了微型3D打印村庄，用来解决无家可归问题)”中被提到，亚历山大乡村走读学校的一群学生利用3D打印技术建造房屋；选项C在第四段“Salwa Seman, 11, said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater(11岁的萨尔瓦·塞曼说，在开始建造之前，要把尺寸和设置正确，是一项挑战，因为她建造了一个弧形墙壁的圆形剧场)”被提到，说明在建造过程中他们遇到一些挑战；选项D在第六段“But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. (但为了建立归属感和使命感，微型社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域)”被提到，个人互动的场所是社区的一个重要方面。综上B项“builders can adapt a 3D-printed design to fit a person’s preferences(建筑商可以根据个人喜好调整3D打印设计)”未被提及，所以作者可能不会赞同这一。故选B项。 【7题详解】 推理判断题。由第六段中“In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods, priorities were shelter, food stores, schools, and health centers. But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. (在设计无家可归者的社区时，优先考虑的是庇护所、食品店、学校和保健中心。但为了建立归属感和使命感，微型社区还强调了居民之间频繁互动的区域)”和“A community garden, a place to raise chickens, an amphitheater for shared events, bus stops for access to jobs, and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents.(一个社区花园，一个养鸡的地方，一个共享活动的露天剧场，一个通往工作的公交车站，以及Wi-Fi和手机的基础设施，以帮助寻找工作，这些都是为以前无家可归的居民提供的重要功能)”可推知，第六段向读者展示了学生们关注的不仅仅是住所，他们还关注其它很多方面。故选C项。 C Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories. What is it about the s connections that make them so unique? Before we dive into the science, let’s first observe on in action. If I could somehow design a best friend, you know, put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match, that person would pale in comparison to Priya. She’s always there for me. Last year after I failed my important exam, it felt like my whole world was crashing down. Priya was at my door at the news. I was a wreck, but she sat there with me and listened. We were on the same page! Early childhood, adolescent, and adult friendships are all a little different in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life. Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus, and thanks to the developing brain, there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends. Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip. Scientists describe adolescence as a social re adaption as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time with their friends than with their parents. This drive to hang with pals maybe due to changes in the brain’s reward centre. Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable and motivates you to spend more time with them. Neuroimaging(神经成像) studies show that this region is highly reactive during your teenage years, which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value on social interactions than children or adults. Teenage friendships can also feel closer than the friendships of your childhood. This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements in what scientists call Theory-of Mind the ability to understand others’ emotions, thoughts, motivations, and points of view. Babies begin to develop Theory of Mind around 18 months or so. And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond. Likewise, regions within the social brain show increased connectivity during adolescence compared with childhood. As a result, teens can better understand their friend’s perspectives, allowing for deeper connections to develop. The ability to connect with others somewhat depends on the coordination of actions, emotions, physiology, and thoughts. This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony. 8. Why did the author mention the exam in paragraph 2? A. To introduce an exam. B. To show their close relationship. C. To serve a favorable example. D. To argue against the opinion. 9. Why does adolescent friendship differ from others? A. Adult friends are attached at the hip. B. Teenagers’ value stay the same. C. The brain is inactive during teenage years. D. Peer relationships play a key role in the life. 10. What can we know about Theory of Mind? A. It becomes better developed in adolescence. B. It refers to regions within the social brain. C. Babies begin to develop it around 8 months. D. It refers to the ability to understand our own emotions. 11. Which is the best title of the text? A. Are friendships different? B. Are friendships connected with your brain? C. Do friendships matter? D. How do adolescent friendships develop? 【答案】8. C 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了青少年时期友谊的特点以及友谊与大脑的联系。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“Last year after I failed my important exam, it felt like my whole world was crashing down.（去年，在一场重要考试中，我考试失利，感觉整个世界都崩溃了）”可知，此处讲述了我与好朋友Priya发生过的一件事，即举了一个朋友间关乎友情的例子，故选C。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus（青春期是一个独特的时期，同伴关系是重点）”可知，青少年时期，同伴关系是重点，即同伴关系在青少年生活中发挥重要的作用。故选D。 【10题详解】 推理判断题。根据第五段“And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond.（科学家们知道，它会在你的青少年时期甚至以后继续改善和成熟。）”可知，这一心智理论在青少年时期甚至以后会发展的更好。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus, and thanks to the developing brain, there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends.”（青春期是一个独特的时期，同伴关系是重点，由于大脑的发育，你重视、理解和联系朋友的方式发生了变化。）可知，本文讲述了青少年时期能形成深厚独特的友情，是因为大脑发育的原因，即友谊与大脑发育有关。因此，本文最好的标题是：友谊是否有与大脑有关？故选B。 D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C 【解析】 【分析】本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。 【13题详解】 词义猜测题。根据前半句“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions（份）”可知，现有研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanpoles with big appetites。由contrary to可推断出，画线词和heavier people（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier people正好相反。故选D。 【14题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段的“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an overweight person is having a large portion, I’ll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I’ll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Smarter ways to learn from failure Many of us were told from an early age that, at school or in life, “you learn from your mistakes.” ____16____ The short answer is “yes” — failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don’t like to fail. ____17____ So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir Sjastad, a professor of psychology and leadership at the Norwegian School of Economics. “Most of us want to think of ourselves as capable”, he says, “so when we fail, it causes a serious threat to our self-image”. Fortunately, there is a research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. ____18____ Instead of asking “Why did I fail?”, we could ask “Why did Sam fail?”, for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions, allowing us to look at failure more objectively. A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. ____19____ The group of adults and children were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler, Fishbach and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others “forces people to connect with their experience and what they have learned”.  ____20____ But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter”. Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find. A. It doesn’t feel good. B. But is this actually true? C. Here are some reasons why we think so. D. But how to overcome them is a question. E. One of them is to adopt a third-person view. F. The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again, fail better.” G. It led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups. 【答案】16. B 17. A 18. E 19. G 20. F 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了从错误中学习是非常困难的，因为我们不喜欢失败，说明了一些应对失败带来的情感障碍的策略。 【16题详解】 根据上文“Many of us were told from an early age that, at school or in life, “you learn from your mistakes.”(我们中的许多人从小就被告知，无论是在学校还是在生活中，“你都要从错误中学习。”)”以及下文“The short answer is “yes” — failure can be a teachable moment.(简短的回答是“是的”——失败可以是一个受教育的时刻)”可知，本句主要就上文提出的观点进行了提问，后文给出回答。故B选项“但这是真的吗？”符合语境，故选B。 【17题详解】 根据上文“But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don’t like to fail.(但实际上，从错误中学习是非常困难的，因为我们不喜欢失败)”以及后文“So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself.(所以我们对失败的反应是情绪化的，比如轻易放弃一项任务，告诉自己我们不在乎是否成功，或者对任务本身吹毛求疵)”可知，上文提到我们不喜欢失败，说明失败让人感觉不好。故A选项“感觉不太好”符合语境，故选A。 【18题详解】 根据上文“Fortunately, there is a research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure.(幸运的是，有一项研究表明，有一些策略可以帮助我们克服失败带来的情感障碍)”以及后文“Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions, allowing us to look at failure more objectively.(密歇根大学的心理学家伊森·克罗斯的多项研究表明，采用第三人称视角有助于缓和我们的负面情绪反应，让我们更客观地看待失败)”可知，本句继续说明克服失败带来的情感障碍的策略：采用第三人称视角。故E选项“其中之一是采用第三人称视角”符合语境，故选E。 【19题详解】 根据上文“A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us.(第二种策略是向可能与我们处境相同的人提供建议)”以及后文“The group of adults and children were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler, Fishbach and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others “forces people to connect with their experience and what they have learned”.(这组成年人和孩子被要求根据自己的失败给出建议。埃斯克瑞斯-温克勒、菲什巴赫和达克沃斯教授发现，帮助他人的满足感“迫使人们把自己的经历和所学到的东西联系起来”)”可知，本句主要说明第二种策略在测试中的表现：导致了更高水平的动机和学业上的成功。故G选项“在测试组中，它导致了更高水平的动机和学业上的成功”符合语境，故选G。 【20题详解】 根据后文“But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter”. Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find.(但现在看来，我们应该说:“再次失败，更聪明地失败”。失败是生活中不可避免的一部分，但通过学会克服围绕它的情感障碍，我们可能会发现通往成功的道路更容易找到)”可知，本句是在引用某人关于失败的言论，F选项中fail again, fail better对应后文fail again, fail smarter。故F选项“作家塞缪尔·贝克特曾经说过：‘再失败，失败得更好。’”符合语境，故选F。 第二部分 完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last week we encountered a minor water crisis at our home. A water pipe (管子) had been leaking ___21___ within a bathroom wall, which my husband and I ___22___ for long. Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor. We ___23___ the bedroom sofa that shares the same wall and located the ___24___: Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor. I got down to clearing up the ___25___. Initially, I used towels to absorb the water. When seeing the break was not huge, I tried ___26___ back the water with a mop (拖把). But the ___27___ quickly became bigger, making more water constantly well out. This was a sign that something deeper within the wall needed our ___28___. We acted decisively, ___29___ the main water line, opening up the wall and beginning the chaotic work of ____30____ the broken pipe. Despite quite a bit of wall repair and painting to do, we were ____31____ that it was no longer leaking and our water supply was back on track. Later, we were told by an architect friend that such a small leak can become a ____32____ break and eventually do serious structural damage to our home. Big problems usually start small. I’ve been reflecting: How many times we don’t bother to ____33____ small issues that demand our attention until they grow into big ones that almost ____34____ our life. With more care and earlier action, we can save ourselves much time and ____35____. 21. A. rapidly B. slightly C. heavily D. widely 22. A. expected B. discussed C. considered D. ignored 23. A. occupied B. changed C. abandoned D. removed 24. A. fault B. resource C. item D. approach 25. A. objects B. doubt C. mess D. memories 26. A. pushing B. drawing C. shipping D. blowing 27. A. floor B. leak C. pipe D. wall 28. A. mention B. service C. attention D. sympathy 29 A. breaking through B. putting aside C. taking apart D. shutting down 30. A. arranging B. preserving C. fixing D. distinguishing 31. A. curious B. anxious C. shocked D. relieved 32. A. sharp B. major C. mental D. temporary 33. A. address B. highlight C. admit D. postpone 34. A. cure B. direct C. ruin D. dominate 35. A. space B. trouble C. argument D. water 【答案】21. B 22. D 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. A 27. B 28. C 29. D 30. C 31. D 32. B 33. A 34. C 35. B 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者家浴室墙上的水管有点漏水，作者及时进行了处理，避免了更大的问题，这也让作者意识到面对小问题，我们要及时采取行动，避免更大的问题发生。 【21题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：浴室墙上的水管有点漏水，我和丈夫很长时间都没有理会。A. rapidly迅速地；B. slightly轻微地；C. heavily沉重地；D. widely广泛地。根据上文“Last week we encountered a minor water crisis at our home.”可知，我们家遇到的是一次小的水危机，由此可知，水管轻微漏水，并不严重。故选B项。 【22题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：浴室墙上的水管有点漏水，我和丈夫很长时间都没有理会。A. expected期待；B. discussed讨论；C. considered考虑；D. ignored忽视。根据下文“Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor.”可知，一天早上我们醒来时发现卧室地板上有一滩水，由此可知，我们忽视了之前的漏水问题，结果遭遇了危机。故选D项。 【23题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们移开了与浴室共用一堵墙的卧室沙发，找到了故障：水是从墙和地板之间的缝隙中扩散出来的。A. occupied占领；B. changed改变；C. abandoned放弃；D. removed移开。根据句中“Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor”可知，我们发现水是从墙和地板之间的缝隙中扩散出来的，由此可知，我们移开了卧室沙发，才发现了这个问题。故选D项。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们移开了与浴室共用一堵墙的卧室沙发，找到了故障：水是从墙和地板之间的缝隙中扩散出来的。A. fault故障；B. resource资源；C. item项目；D. approach方法。根据句中“Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor”可知，水是从墙和地板之间的缝隙中扩散出来的，由此可知，这是故障所在。故选A项。 【25题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我开始收拾残局。A. objects物品；B. doubt疑问；C. mess混乱，杂乱；D. memories记忆。根据上文“Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor.”可知，因为漏水，卧室地板上有一滩水，由此可知，我要收拾混乱的场面。故选C项。 【26题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当看到裂缝不大时，我试着用拖把把水推回去。A. pushing推；B. drawing抽出；C. shipping运输；D. blowing吹。根据句中“When seeing the break was not huge”可知，我看到裂缝不大，由此可知，我想用拖把把水推回去。故选A项。 【27题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但裂缝很快变得更大，使得更多的水不断流出。A. floor地板；B. leak裂缝；C. pipe管子；D. wall墙壁。根据句中“making more water constantly well out”可知，更多的水不断流出，由此可知，裂缝变得更大了。故选B项。 【28题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个迹象，表明墙内更深的东西需要我们注意。A. mention提及；B. service服务；C. attention注意；D. sympathy同情。根据句中“making more water constantly well out”可知，更多的水不断流出，由此可知，墙内更深处有问题，需要我们注意。故选C项。 【29题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们果断行动，关闭了主水管，打开了墙，开始了修理破裂管道的混乱工作。A. breaking through突破；B. putting aside搁置；C. taking apart拆开；D. shutting down关闭。根据句中“opening up the wall and beginning the chaotic work of _____ the broken pipe”可知，我们开始修破裂的管道，由此可知，我们应该先关闭主水管，再进行修理。故选D项。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们果断行动，关闭了主水管，打开了墙，开始了修理破裂管道的混乱工作。A. arranging安排；B. preserving保存；C. fixing修理；D. distinguishing辨别。根据句中“broken pipe”可知，管道破裂了，由此可知，我们要进行修理工作。故选C项。 【31题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管需要进行大量的墙壁维修和油漆，但我们还是松了一口气，因为它不再漏水，我们的供水也回到了正轨。A. curious好奇的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. shocked震惊的；D. relieved放心的，不再忧虑的。根据句中“it was no longer leaking and our water supply was back on track”可知，管道不再漏水，我们的供水也回到了正轨，由此可知，我们放心了，松了口气。故选D项。 32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，一位建筑师朋友告诉我们，这样一个小的泄漏可能会成为一个严重的破坏，最终会对我们的房子造成严重的结构损坏。A. sharp尖锐的；B. major严重的；C. mental精神的；D. temporary暂时的。根据句中“eventually do serious structural damage to our home”可知，这个泄露如果不及时修理，会对我们的房子造成严重的结构损坏，由此可知，这样一个小的泄漏可能会成为一个严重的破坏。故选B项。 【33题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在反思：有多少次我们不去解决需要我们关注的小问题，直到它们发展成几乎毁掉我们生活的大问题。A. address设法解决；B. highlight强调；C. admit承认；D. postpone推迟。根据句中“they grow into big ones”可知，小问题会发展成几乎毁掉我们生活的大问题，因为我们不去解决它。故选A项。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我一直在反思：有多少次我们不去解决需要我们关注的小问题，直到它们发展成几乎毁掉我们生活的大问题。A. cure治愈；B. direct指挥；C. ruin毁坏；D. dominate支配。根据句中“they grow into big ones”可知，小问题会发展成大问题，这些大问题几乎毁掉我们生活。故选C项。 【35题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：有了更多的关心和更早的行动，我们可以为自己节省很多时间和麻烦。A. space空间；B. trouble麻烦；C. argument争论；D. water水。根据句中“With more care and earlier action”可知，更早采取行动，小问题就不会发展成大问题，会给我们节省很多麻烦。故选B项。 第三部分 3500词义判断（共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分） 根据句意，选择句中划线单词的恰当意思。 36. Some foods can stain the teeth, as of course can smoking. A. 留下污渍 B. 给……着色 C. 败坏(名声) D. 腐蚀 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些食物会像吸烟一样给牙齿着色。根据“as of course can smoking”可知，一些食物会像烟一样，给牙齿着色，动词stain意为“给……着色”，符合语境。故选B。 37. The city was subjected to heavy bombing. A. 使遭受 B. 抵抗 C. 使隶属 D. 使臣服 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：该城市遭受了猛烈轰炸。根据后文heavy bombing可知，该城市遭受了猛烈轰炸，be subjected to是固定搭配，subjected意为“使遭受”。故选A。 38. She insisted on being present at all the interviews. A. 存在的 B. 出席的 C. 目前的 D. 历历在目的 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她坚持要出席所有的面试。present，形容词，意为“出席的”。故选B。 39. Is it ethical to promote cigarettes through advertising? A. 晋级 B. 促进 C. 晋升 D. 推销 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过广告来宣传香烟是合乎道德的吗？promote，动词，意为“推销”。故选D。 40. Quit playing the fool and get some work done! A. 离开(工作职位) B. 搬离 C. 停止 D. 退出(计算机程序等) 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：别再装傻了，赶紧做点正事！quit，动词，意为“停止”。故选C。 41. I got a message you were trying to reach me. A. 到达 B. 伸手够到 C. 取得联系 D. 影响 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我收到一条消息，说你一直在设法联系我。reach作动词时，常见含义有“到达”“伸手够到”，但在“reach sb.”这个搭配里，意为“与某人取得联系”。故选C项。 42. What’s her recipe for success? A. 食谱 B. 诀窍 C. 原因 D. 处方 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：她成功的秘诀是什么？根据“for success”可知，此处询问成功的诀窍是什么。所以recipe意为“诀窍”。故选B。 43. Police have released no further details about the accident. A. 释放 B. 发布 C. 放开 D. 隐藏 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。 句意：警方尚未发布这起事故的更多细节。release，动词，意为“发布”。故选B项。 44 I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. A. 重要性 B. 压力 C. 重读 D. 紧张 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我认为公司过于强调成本，而对质量重视不足。句子是在说公司在成本和质量的侧重上存在失衡，名词stress作宾语，意为“重要性”，符合语境。故选A项。 45. How do I scan a photo and attach it to an email? A. 细看 B. 拍摄 C. 浏览 D. 扫描 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如何扫描照片并将其附加到电子邮件中？scan在此语境中指通过扫描仪将纸质照片转为电子文件的过程，与选项 D 一致。故选D。 46. Government employees may be screened by the security services. A. 放映(影片) B. 审查 C. 隐藏 D. 筛查(是否患病) 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：政府雇员可能会接受安全部门的审查。根据“the security services”可知，政府雇员需要接受安全部门的审查，所以screen为动词“审查”，此处用了过去分词的形式和be构成了被动语态。故选B。 47. Young people are very sensitive about their appearance. A. 善解人意的 B. 易受影响的 C. 敏感的 D. 感受力强的 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：年轻人对自己的外表非常敏感。根据“Young people”以及“about their appearance”可知，年轻人对外表是敏感的。所以sensitive为形容词“敏感的”。故选C。 48. The team are looking good for a shot at the title. A. 射击 B. 照片 C. 概率 D. 尝试 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这支队伍状态极佳，有望夺取冠军。根据句中“are looking good for”和“the title”可知，此处的shot为名词，表示“尝试”。a shot at the title指的是“尝试夺取冠军”。故选D。 49. You look very smart in that suit. A. 聪明的 B. 衣着得体的 C. 智能的 D. 迅猛的 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：你穿那套西装看起来衣着得体。根据in that suit可知，此处表示穿着那套西装看起来是衣着得体的，smart表示“衣着得体的”。故选B。 50. Attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution have failed. A. 产品 B. (练习的)答案 C. 溶液 D. (困难的)解决办法 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。 句意：寻求双方均认可的解决办法的尝试以失败告终。根据句意可知，此处solution意为“解决方案”，即寻求认可的解决方案以失败告终。故选D项。 51. He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. A. 地点 B. 斑点 C. 困境 D. 污点 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：他指给我看他向她求婚的确切地点。根据空前的the exact可知，spot为名词“地点”。故选A。 52. The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. A. 订阅 B. 捐赠 C. 同意 D. 反对 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义。句意：当局不再认同残疾人不适合当教师这一观点。subscribe作动词，常见含义有“订阅”，但此处构成固定搭配subscribe to，结合空后“the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers”可知，意为“同意；认同”。故选C项。 53. I suppose your presence here today is not entirely coincidental. A. 假设 B. 支持 C. 认为 D. 签署 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我认为你今天出现在这里并非完全出于巧合。根据句意可知， “suppose”的意思是“认为”。故选C项。 54. We laughed and that helped ease the tension. A. (情绪上的)紧张 B. 紧张局势 C. (肌肉等)绷紧 D. 尴尬 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。 句意：我们笑了起来，这有助于缓解紧张的气氛。根据句意可知，tension指的是“情绪上的紧张”或“尴尬气氛”。故选A项。 55. She accused the press photographers of violating her privacy. A. 违反 B. 搅扰 C. 亵渎 D. 侵犯(隐私等) 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她指控那些新闻摄影记者侵犯了她的隐私。violate，动词，意为“侵犯(隐私等)”。故选D。 56. Try not to let your mind wander. A. 漫步 B. 惊叹 C. 偏离 D. 走神 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：尽量别让你的思绪走神。wander，动词，意为“走神”。故选D。 57. The smart money (知情者) says that he’s likely to withdraw from the leadership campaign. A. 取(账户中的钱) B. (军队)撤离 C. 退出 D. 停止提供 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：知情者认为他很可能会退出这场领导权竞选。根据“from the leadership campaign”可知，withdraw，动词，意为“退出”。故选C。 58. The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. A. 保护 B. 保持 C. 腌制 D. 禁止他人捕猎 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这个协会的成立是为了保护濒危物种免于灭绝。根据句意可知，preserve的意思是“保护”的意思。故选A项。 59. Her work for the advancement of the status of women in India was recognized by the whole nation. A. 地位 B. 雕塑 C. 情形 D. 学历 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她为提高印度妇女地位所做的工作得到了全国的认可。根据“of women in India”可知，status，名词，意为“地位”。故选A。 60. With all due respect, I submit that you’re asking the wrong question. A. 提交（文件等） B. 屈服 C. 主张 D. 使经受 【答案】C 【解析】 【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：恕我直言，我认为你问错问题了。根据前文“With all due respect”和后文“you’re asking the wrong question”可知，此处表示对问题提出个人的见解，由此可知，此处submit表示“提出、主张”的含义，契合语境。故选C项。 第四部分 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ___61___ Forbidden City's Xi San Suo courtyards, the clock restoration master Wang Jin spends his days restoring antique timepieces ___62___ (date) back hundreds of years.The Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these ___63___ (require) its own unique method of restoration. It seems unlikely___64___ the restoration of these clocks will ever be complete. They will eventually need ___65___ (repair) again. Despite this, Mr. Wang remains optimistic ___66___ the future of these timepieces. He has passed on his skills to new members, including his son, ___67___ will take on future repairs. This new ___68___ (generate) of artisans will help preserve traditional skills and bring innovation to the craft. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, ___69___ he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. In today's fast-paced world, inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr. Wang and his colleagues sedately (沉着地) piece together the past with ____70____(skill) hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 【答案】61. the 62. dating 63. requires 64. that 65. repairing##to be repaired 66. about 67. who 68. generation 69. though##although 70. skilled##skillful 【解析】 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了故宫钟表修复师王津在西三所院落里修复数百年古董钟表的工作日常，工作特点，以及王津传承技艺、培养新一代工匠的事迹。 【61题详解】 考查冠词。句意：在故宫的西三所院落里，钟表修复大师王津每天都在修复有数百年历史的古董钟表。the Forbidden City是专有名词，意为“故宫”，前面必须加定冠词the。故填the。 【62题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：在故宫的西三所院落里，钟表修复大师王津每天都在修复有数百年历史的古董钟表。分析句子结构可知，空处作非谓语动词，antique timepieces与date之间是主动关系，用现在分词作后置定语，date back to意为“追溯到”。故填dating。 【63题详解】 考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：这些藏品从小小的怀表到超过一米高的钟表应有尽有，每件藏品都需要独特的修复方法。句子描述客观事实，用一般现在时；主语each of these为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式requires。故填requires。 【64题详解】 考查主语从句。句意：这些钟表的修复工作似乎永远不会完成。分析句子结构可知，it作形式主语，真正的主语是空处引导的主语从句，从句成分完整、语义明确，需用连接词that引导。故填that。 【65题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它们最终还需要再次修复。此处They指代clocks，与repair之间是被动关系，need doing sth. = need to be done，均表示“某物需要被做”，故填repairing/to be repaired。 【66题详解】 考查介词。句意：尽管如此，王津先生对这些钟表的未来仍持乐观态度。be optimistic about是固定搭配，意为“对……持乐观态度”，符合语境。故填about。 【67题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：他把自己的技艺传授给了包括儿子在内的新一批传承人，他们将承担起未来的修复工作。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是new members，指人，在从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故填who。 【68题详解】 考查名词。句意：这批新一代的工匠将有助于传承传统技艺，并为这项手艺带来创新。此处作句子的主语，需用名词形式，generate的名词是generation，为可数名词，前面有this new修饰，用单数形式。故填generation。 【69题详解】 考查连词。句意：穿过七道朱红大门走向工作室时，王津仍将自己视为故宫的一名普通工作人员，尽管经常有仰慕者拦下他合影。空处前后分句存在让步关系，需用连词though或although引导让步状语从句。故填though/although。 【70题详解】 考查形容词。句意：在快节奏的当下，在西三所幽静的院落里，王津先生和同事们以娴熟的双手、谦逊的内心，沉着地拼凑着历史，这本身就有一种跨越时光的力量。此处修饰名词hands，需用形容词形式，skill的形容词是skilled或skillful，表示“技艺娴熟的”。故填skilled/skillful。 第五部分 单句语法填空（共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 71. Animal lovers said earlier that the case was a step in the right direction against ________ (legal) ownership of endangered animals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】illegal 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：动物爱好者们早些时候表示，这起案件是朝着打击非法拥有濒危动物迈出的正确一步。空格处应该用形容词来修饰名词ownership，表示“非法的拥有”，又因为ownership是名词，前面需要用形容词来作定语，illegal为形容词，此处表示“非法的”，符合语境。故填illegal。 72. These whales have been hunted to near ________ (extinct), and only about 2,500 exist today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】extinction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：这些鲸鱼被捕杀到几乎灭绝，如今只剩下大约 2500 头。空处作宾语，需填名词extinction，为不可数名词。故填extinction。 73. Although Cascade volcanoes do not erupt frequently, they ________ (threat) major populations and developments. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have threatened 【解析】 【详解】考查时态。句意：尽管喀斯喀特山脉的火山并不频繁喷发，但它们已经对主要人口和开发项目构成了威胁。空处为句子的谓语，所以需要threat的动词threaten“威胁”。根据语境可知，此处强调火山喷发虽不频繁，但其威胁是长期存在的，且对现在仍有影响，因此用现在完成时。主语为they，助动词用have。故填have threatened。 74. At times she fell asleep in her seat and dreamed of ________ (surround) by packs of wild wolves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being surrounded 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时她在座位上睡着了，梦见自己被一群群野狼包围。空处需填动名词形式作宾语，she和surround为逻辑动宾关系，应用动名词的被动式。故填being surrounded。 75. Companies across the country donated supplies and ________ (equip) to assist him with his expedition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】equipment 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：全国各地的公司捐赠物资和设备来协助他的探险。根据句中and连接并列结构，其前为名词supplies“物资”，此处也需填名词，作并列宾语；所给词equip是动词，意为“装备”，其对应的名词为equipment“设备”，且为不可数名词。故填equipment。 76. Enjoy a Russian folk-art exhibition ________ (feature) a wide range of exhibits including Russian dolls, batik and Christmas decorations. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】featuring 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：欣赏一场俄罗斯民间艺术展览，展品丰富多样，包括俄罗斯套娃、蜡染和圣诞装饰品。空处为非谓语动词作定语，exhibition与feature之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词，作后置定语。故填featuring。 77. I take enjoyment and ________ (satisfy) from my work, my family and leisure activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】satisfaction 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：我从工作、家庭和休闲活动中获得乐趣和满足感。根据句子结构可知，空格处与enjoyment并列作宾语，应填名词形式，satisfy的名词形式是satisfaction，意为“满足（感）”，符合句意。故填satisfaction。 78. They are also having great fun, ________ (absorb) in what they are doing, breaking off only to fire insistent questions at their teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】absorbed 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们也玩得很开心，全神贯注于自己正在做的事情，只是偶尔停下来向老师提出一连串急切的问题。空处需填非谓语动词作状语，be absorbed in为固定短语，意为“全神贯注于”，空处需填过去分词形式。故填absorbed。 79. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people _______ (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】trapped 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：十几岁的孩子们爬上几十段楼梯，给困在高楼里的老人送水和食物。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰elderly people，因elderly people和动词trap为被动关系，所以为过去分词形式。故填trapped。 80. The diary makes a very interesting read, and the author has an ________ (admire) sense of humour. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】admirable 【解析】 【详解】考查形容词。句意：这本日记读起来很有趣，而且作者有一种令人钦佩的幽默感。admire的形容词形式admirable意为“令人钦佩的”，在句中作定语修饰sense of humour。故填admirable。 81. If it were not for the fact that the cost per hour of being here is ________ (remarkable) high, I would recommend that everyone work this way. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】remarkably 【解析】 【详解】考查副词。句意：如果不是因为在这里每小时的成本高得惊人，我会建议每个人都这样工作。修饰形容词high，需用副词remarkably，作状语。故填remarkably。 82. Fond of using wood as medium, Frank began to gain ________ (recognize) for his woodcuts and wood engravings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】recognition 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：弗兰克喜欢使用木材作为媒介，他开始因其木刻和木刻版画而获得认可。本空作gain的宾语，用名词形式recognition“认可”，不可数名词。故填recognition。 83. The ________ (survive) of museums depends on a complete rethink of our exhibits and approaches to marketing them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】survival 【解析】 【详解】考查名词。句意：博物馆的生存取决于我们对展品以及营销方式的彻底重新思考。根据句子结构可知，空格处应填名词作主语，survive的名词形式是survival，意为“生存，存活”，符合句意。故填survival。 84. Social researchers are urging employers to reduce workers’ long hours, ________ (argue) that extended working days are bad for business. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】arguing 【解析】 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：社会研究人员正在敦促雇主减少工人的长时间工作，认为延长工作日对企业不利。句子已有谓语动词are urging，且设空处前无连词，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式；Social researchers与argue 之间是主动关系，应用现在分词作伴随状语。故填arguing。 85. The book describes the changes that ________ (occur) in the landscape over the past decade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have occurred 【解析】 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：这本书描述了过去十年间景观中发生的变化。根据时间状语over the past decade，可知用现在完成时，主语changes和occur是主动关系，主语是复数形式，故填have occurred。 86. We can picture exactly ________ he means because we have now seen films of astronauts orbiting the Earth in spacecraft. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【解析】 【详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：我们能确切地想象出他的意思，因为我们现在已经看过宇航员乘坐宇宙飞船绕地球轨道飞行的电影了。picture是及物动词，后面需要接宾语从句，且该宾语从句“_____ he means”中缺少宾语，表示“他所说的（内容）”，因此应使用连接代词what来引导。 故填what。 87. Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a job ________ I can work from home most days. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【解析】 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最终，他们通过把我调到一份多数日子可以在家工作的岗位来满足我的需求。先行词a job在从句I can work from home most days中充当地点状语，即“在这份工作中我多数日子可以在家工作”，所以用关系副词where引导定语从句。故填where。 88. I was at that show and, as ________ matter of fact, I saw your bike getting smashed. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】a 【解析】 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我当时就在那个演出现场，事实上，我看到你的自行车被撞坏了。此处是固定短语as a matter of fact，意为“事实上”。故填a。 89. The club is well aware ________ its responsibilities and treats the situation very seriously. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】of 【解析】 【详解】考查介词。句意：俱乐部非常清楚自己的责任，并对这一情况采取非常严肃的态度。be aware of为固定短语，意为“意识到”。故填of。 90. Can I depend on ________ that this won’t take place again? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】it 【解析】 【详解】考查代词。句意：我能指望这种事不会再发生吗？depend on it that…是固定句型，表示“指望/相信……”，it为形式宾语，that引导宾语从句。故填it。 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 厦门外国语学校高二年级暑假学习效果检验考察 英语试题 第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A People with fixed mindsets believe that: ●Skill intelligence and talents are natural. ●Failure is shameful and should be avoided. ●Some people are naturally good at things while others not. ●You are not in control of your abilities. People with growth mindsets believe that: ●You have the capacity to learn and grow your skills. ●Failure is a valuable lesson. ●People who are good at something are good because they build that ability. ●You are in control of your abilities. have a desire to look smart, so tend to: —Avoid challenges. —Give up easily. —See effort as fruitless or worse. —Ignore useful negative feedback. —Feel threatened by the success of others. have a desire to learn, so tend to: —Embrace challenges. —Persist in the face of setbacks. —See effort as the path to mastery. —Learn from criticism. —Find lessons and inspiration in the success of others. As a result, they may stay at the same level early and achieve less than their full potential. As a result, they reach ever-higher levels of achievement. Change can be tough, but I’ve never heard anyone say it wasn’t worth it. Did changing to a growth mindset solve all my problems? No. But I know that I have a different life because of it—a richer one. 1. The book “mindset” is intended to ________. A. tell readers that two different mindsets lead to different results B. illustrate that people with different mindsets hold different beliefs C. help readers believe people act differently when facing challenges D. persuade people to learn to change so as to enjoy a more fruitful life 2. Generally speaking, people with fixed mindsets are mostly ________. A. successful B. straightforward C. intelligent D. narrow-minded 3. A person with a growth mindset is likely to say ________. A. “If I win, I’ll be somebody; if I lose, I’ll be nobody.” B. “To be good at sports, you need to be naturally gifted.” C. “Learn techniques and skills and practice them regularly, and you will always improve.” D. “You have a certain level of ability in sports and you cannot really do much to change it.” B As Alexandria Country Day School’s sixth-graders created miniature 3D printed villages to address homelessness, they learned lessons far beyond technology. “It Takes a Village” began as a project for a science class, inspired by life-size 3D-printed homes built by Austin, Texas-based technology company Icon. No strangers to classroom 3D projects, the students were fascinated by Icon’s use of a similar process to create homes made of inexpensive concrete-like material. Unlike standard construction methods, the process of building these durable homes takes just a few days. While creating their mini 3D buildings, the students explored how such technology allows design freedom and quick changes. Mathematical conversions helped get the relations right. For example, a real 25-foot-by-20-foot one-bedroom house would be printed as 40-millimeter-by-32-millimeter (about 1 1/2 inch by 1 1/4 inch) for their mini village. Salwa Seman, 11, said that getting the dimensions and settings correct before construction began was challenging as she created a curved-wall amphitheater (圆形剧场). The tech-focused project quickly evolved into “an exercise in empathy (共情), innovation and cooperation designed to bring about lasting change”. “When most people think of helping the homeless, they think of food and clothing drives,” said Juliet Galicia, 11. “While necessary, those are temporary fixes. Even housing by itself is not a complete solution.” In designing their leave-homelessness-behind neighborhoods, priorities were shelter, food stores, schools, and health centers. But to build a sense of belonging and purpose, the miniature communities also emphasized areas for frequent interaction among residents. “We wanted to make it feel more like a real community,” said Luke Wazorko, 11. A community garden, a place to raise chickens, an amphitheater for shared events, bus stops for access to jobs, and infrastructure for Wi-Fi and cellphones to help in job searches were important features to offer formerly unhoused residents. Amber Fogarty, president of a nonprofit organization tackling homelessness in Austin, said, “Housing alone will never solve homelessness, but community will. People need a place where they are known, cared for and loved.” 4. Which can be used to describe homes created by Icon? A. Hard-sided. B. Long-lasting. C. Rough-edged. D. Strong-minded. 5. What conclusion can we draw from Galicia’ words? A. Juliet Galicia has participated in food and clothing drives in the past. B. Temporary solutions have proved to be of little help to unhoused people. C. Providing unhoused people with a place to live will solve all of their problems. D. A comprehensive approach is required to fully address the issue of homelessness. 6. The author may agree to the ideas EXCEPT that________. A. a team of people can use 3D printing to build homes B. builders can adapt a 3D-printed design to fit a person’s preferences C. the students faced challenges in building their miniature communities D. places for personal interactions are an important aspect of a community 7. What is the purpose of the sixth paragraph? A. To emphasize community gardens as the most important part of neighborhoods. B. To illustrate technology has nothing to do with helping unhoused people. C. To show specific ways the students focused on more than just housing. D. To promote the project as a profitable design to Austin. C Friendships can hold an exceptional place in our life stories. What is it about the s connections that make them so unique? Before we dive into the science, let’s first observe on in action. If I could somehow design a best friend, you know, put together all the ideal qualities of my perfect match, that person would pale in comparison to Priya. She’s always there for me. Last year after I failed my important exam, it felt like my whole world was crashing down. Priya was at my door at the news. I was a wreck, but she sat there with me and listened. We were on the same page! Early childhood, adolescent, and adult friendships are all a little different in part because the brain works in different ways at those stages of life. Adolescence is a unique time when peer relationships take focus, and thanks to the developing brain, there are changes in the way you value, understand, and connect to friends. Teenage friends can seem attached at the hip. Scientists describe adolescence as a social re adaption as teenagers begin to spend as much or more time with their friends than with their parents. This drive to hang with pals maybe due to changes in the brain’s reward centre. Its activation makes hanging out with others enjoyable and motivates you to spend more time with them. Neuroimaging(神经成像) studies show that this region is highly reactive during your teenage years, which may explain why adolescents seem to place a higher value on social interactions than children or adults. Teenage friendships can also feel closer than the friendships of your childhood. This deeper connection is possible thanks to improvements in what scientists call Theory-of Mind the ability to understand others’ emotions, thoughts, motivations, and points of view. Babies begin to develop Theory of Mind around 18 months or so. And scientists know that it continues to improve and mature well into your teenage years and beyond. Likewise, regions within the social brain show increased connectivity during adolescence compared with childhood. As a result, teens can better understand their friend’s perspectives, allowing for deeper connections to develop. The ability to connect with others somewhat depends on the coordination of actions, emotions, physiology, and thoughts. This is what psychologists call interpersonal synchrony. 8. Why did the author mention the exam in paragraph 2? A. To introduce an exam. B. To show their close relationship. C. To serve a favorable example. D. To argue against the opinion. 9 Why does adolescent friendship differ from others? A. Adult friends are attached at the hip. B. Teenagers’ value stay the same. C. The brain is inactive during teenage years. D. Peer relationships play a key role in the life. 10. What can we know about Theory of Mind? A. It becomes better developed in adolescence. B. It refers to regions within the social brain. C. Babies begin to develop it around 8 months. D. It refers to the ability to understand our own emotions. 11. Which is the best title of the text? A. Are friendships different? B. Are friendships connected with your brain? C. Do friendships matter? D. How do adolescent friendships develop? D According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research, both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake. And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份), it's the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. To test the effect of social influence on eating habits, the researchers conducted two experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上)participate in a study about movie viewership. Before the film began, each woman was asked to help herself to a snack. An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first. In her natural state, the actor weighed 105 pounds. But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food. The participants followed suit, taking more food than they normally would have. However, they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test, in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls. In the other case, she took 30 pieces. The results were similar to the first test: the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we're making decisions. If this fellow participant is going to eat more, so will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. However, we'll adjust the influence. If an overweight person is having a large portion, I'll hold back a bit because I see the results of his eating habits. But if a thin person eats a lot, I'll follow suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I? 12. What is the recent study mainly about? A. Food safety. B. Movie viewership. C. Consumer demand. D. Eating behavior. 13. What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A. Big eaters. B. Overweight persons. C. Picky eaters. D. Tall thin persons. 14. Why did the researchers hire the actor? A. To see how she would affect the participants. B. To test if the participants could recognize her. C. To find out what she would do in the two tests. D. To study why she could keep her weight down. 15. On what basis do we “adjust the influence” according to the last paragraph? A. How hungry we are. B. How slim we want to be. C. How we perceive others. D. How we feel about the food. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项 为多余选项。 Smarter ways to learn from failure Many of us were told from an early age that, at school or in life, “you learn from your mistakes.” ____16____ The short answer is “yes” — failure can be a teachable moment. But learning from our mistakes is, in reality, very hard because we don’t like to fail. ____17____ So we react to failure in emotional ways, like giving up on a task easily, telling ourselves we don’t care whether we succeed, or finding fault with the task itself. This is self-protective, according to Hallgeir Sjastad, a professor of psychology and leadership at the Norwegian School of Economics. “Most of us want to think of ourselves as capable”, he says, “so when we fail, it causes a serious threat to our self-image”. Fortunately, there is a research to suggest that there are some strategies to help us overcome the emotional barriers around failure. ____18____ Instead of asking “Why did I fail?”, we could ask “Why did Sam fail?”, for example. Multiple studies by psychologist Ethan Kross at the University of Michigan show that adopting a third-person perspective helps to soften our negative emotional reactions, allowing us to look at failure more objectively. A second strategy involves offering advice to others who may be in the same position as us. ____19____ The group of adults and children were asked to give advice based on their own failures. Professors Eskreis-Winkler, Fishbach and Duckworth found that the satisfaction of helping others “forces people to connect with their experience and what they have learned”.  ____20____ But it now seems that we should be saying: “fail again, fail smarter”. Failure is an unavoidable part of life, but by learning to overcome the emotional barriers around it, we may find the road to success is a little easier to find. A. It doesn’t feel good. B. But is this actually true? C. Here are some reasons why we think so. D. But how to overcome them is a question. E. One of them is to adopt a third-person view. F. The writer Samuel Beckett once said: “fail again fail better.” G. It led to better levels of motivation and academic success in the test groups. 第二部分 完形填空（共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Last week we encountered a minor water crisis at our home. A water pipe (管子) had been leaking ___21___ within a bathroom wall, which my husband and I ___22___ for long. Consequently, we woke up one morning to a pool of water on the bedroom floor. We ___23___ the bedroom sofa that shares the same wall and located the ___24___: Water had spread from a break between the wall and the floor. I got down to clearing up the ___25___. Initially, I used towels to absorb the water. When seeing the break was not huge, I tried ___26___ back the water with a mop (拖把). But the ___27___ quickly became bigger, making more water constantly well out. This was a sign that something deeper within the wall needed our ___28___. We acted decisively, ___29___ the main water line, opening up the wall and beginning the chaotic work of ____30____ the broken pipe. Despite quite a bit of wall repair and painting to do, we were ____31____ that it was no longer leaking and our water supply was back on track. Later, we were told by an architect friend that such a small leak can become a ____32____ break and eventually do serious structural damage to our home. Big problems usually start small. I’ve been reflecting: How many times we don’t bother to ____33____ small issues that demand our attention until they grow into big ones that almost ____34____ our life. With more care and earlier action, we can save ourselves much time and ____35____. 21. A. rapidly B. slightly C. heavily D. widely 22. A. expected B. discussed C. considered D. ignored 23. A. occupied B. changed C. abandoned D. removed 24. A. fault B. resource C. item D. approach 25. A. objects B. doubt C. mess D. memories 26. A. pushing B. drawing C. shipping D. blowing 27. A. floor B. leak C. pipe D. wall 28. A. mention B. service C. attention D. sympathy 29. A. breaking through B. putting aside C. taking apart D. shutting down 30. A. arranging B. preserving C. fixing D. distinguishing 31. A. curious B. anxious C. shocked D. relieved 32. A. sharp B. major C. mental D. temporary 33. A. address B. highlight C. admit D. postpone 34. A. cure B. direct C. ruin D. dominate 35. A. space B. trouble C. argument D. water 第三部分 3500词义判断（共25小题;每小题1分，满分25分） 根据句意，选择句中划线单词的恰当意思。 36. Some foods can stain the teeth, as of course can smoking. A. 留下污渍 B. 给……着色 C. 败坏(名声) D. 腐蚀 37. The city was subjected to heavy bombing. A. 使遭受 B. 抵抗 C. 使隶属 D. 使臣服 38. She insisted on being present at all the interviews. A. 存在的 B. 出席的 C. 目前的 D. 历历在目的 39. Is it ethical to promote cigarettes through advertising? A. 晋级 B. 促进 C. 晋升 D. 推销 40. Quit playing the fool and get some work done! A. 离开(工作职位) B. 搬离 C. 停止 D. 退出(计算机程序等) 41. I got a message you were trying to reach me. A. 到达 B. 伸手够到 C. 取得联系 D. 影响 42. What’s her recipe for success? A. 食谱 B. 诀窍 C. 原因 D. 处方 43. Police have released no further details about the accident. A. 释放 B. 发布 C. 放开 D. 隐藏 44. I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. A. 重要性 B. 压力 C. 重读 D. 紧张 45. How do I scan a photo and attach it to an email? A. 细看 B. 拍摄 C. 浏览 D. 扫描 46. Government employees may be screened by the security services. A. 放映(影片) B. 审查 C. 隐藏 D. 筛查(是否患病) 47. Young people are very sensitive about their appearance. A. 善解人意的 B. 易受影响的 C. 敏感的 D. 感受力强的 48. The team are looking good for a shot at the title. A. 射击 B. 照片 C. 概率 D. 尝试 49. You look very smart in that suit. A. 聪明的 B. 衣着得体的 C. 智能的 D. 迅猛的 50. Attempts to reach a mutually agreed solution have failed. A. 产品 B. (练习的)答案 C. 溶液 D. (困难的)解决办法 51. He showed me the exact spot where he had asked her to marry him. A. 地点 B. 斑点 C. 困境 D. 污点 52. The authorities no longer subscribe to the view that disabled people are unsuitable as teachers. A. 订阅 B. 捐赠 C. 同意 D. 反对 53. I suppose your presence here today is not entirely coincidental. A. 假设 B. 支持 C. 认为 D. 签署 54. We laughed and that helped ease the tension. A. (情绪上的)紧张 B. 紧张局势 C. (肌肉等)绷紧 D. 尴尬 55. She accused the press photographers of violating her privacy. A. 违反 B. 搅扰 C. 亵渎 D. 侵犯(隐私等) 56. Try not to let your mind wander. A. 漫步 B. 惊叹 C. 偏离 D. 走神 57. The smart money (知情者) says that he’s likely to withdraw from the leadership campaign. A. 取(账户中钱) B. (军队)撤离 C. 退出 D. 停止提供 58. The society was set up to preserve endangered species from extinction. A. 保护 B. 保持 C. 腌制 D. 禁止他人捕猎 59. Her work for the advancement of the status of women in India was recognized by the whole nation. A. 地位 B. 雕塑 C. 情形 D. 学历 60. With all due respect, I submit that you’re asking the wrong question. A. 提交（文件等） B. 屈服 C. 主张 D. 使经受 第四部分 语法填空（共10小题;每小题1分，满分10分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In ___61___ Forbidden City's Xi San Suo courtyards, the clock restoration master Wang Jin spends his days restoring antique timepieces ___62___ (date) back hundreds of years.The Palace Museum has one of the most significant collections of timepieces in the world. With objects ranging from small pocket watches to clocks over one metre in height, each of these ___63___ (require) its own unique method of restoration. It seems unlikely___64___ the restoration of these clocks will ever be complete. They will eventually need ___65___ (repair) again. Despite this, Mr. Wang remains optimistic ___66___ the future of these timepieces. He has passed on his skills to new members, including his son, ___67___ will take on future repairs. This new ___68___ (generate) of artisans will help preserve traditional skills and bring innovation to the craft. Walking through the seven crimson gates towards his workplace, Wang Jin still regards himself as an ordinary worker in the Palace Museum, ___69___ he is often stopped by admirers wanting their photo taken with him. In today's fast-paced world, inside the hidden courtyards of Xi San Suo, there is something timeless about the way Mr. Wang and his colleagues sedately (沉着地) piece together the past with ____70____(skill) hands and modest hearts. It is as if they have become one with their craft and with the history of the country. 第五部分 单句语法填空（共20小题;每小题1分，满分20分） 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 71. Animal lovers said earlier that the case was a step in the right direction against ________ (legal) ownership of endangered animals. (所给词的适当形式填空) 72. These whales have been hunted to near ________ (extinct), and only about 2,500 exist today. (所给词的适当形式填空) 73. Although Cascade volcanoes do not erupt frequently, they ________ (threat) major populations and developments. (所给词的适当形式填空) 74. At times she fell asleep in her seat and dreamed of ________ (surround) by packs of wild wolves. (所给词的适当形式填空) 75. Companies across the country donated supplies and ________ (equip) to assist him with his expedition. (所给词的适当形式填空) 76. Enjoy a Russian folk-art exhibition ________ (feature) a wide range of exhibits including Russian dolls, batik and Christmas decorations. (所给词的适当形式填空) 77. I take enjoyment and ________ (satisfy) from my work, my family and leisure activities. (所给词的适当形式填空) 78. They are also having great fun, ________ (absorb) in what they are doing, breaking off only to fire insistent questions at their teacher. (所给词适当形式填空) 79. Teenagers climbed dozens of flights of stairs to deliver water and food to elderly people _______ (trap) in powerless high-rise buildings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 80. The diary makes a very interesting read, and the author has an ________ (admire) sense of humour. (所给词的适当形式填空) 81. If it were not for the fact that the cost per hour of being here is ________ (remarkable) high, I would recommend that everyone work this way. (所给词的适当形式填空) 82. Fond of using wood as medium, Frank began to gain ________ (recognize) for his woodcuts and wood engravings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 83. The ________ (survive) of museums depends on a complete rethink of our exhibits and approaches to marketing them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 84. Social researchers are urging employers to reduce workers’ long hours, ________ (argue) that extended working days are bad for business. (所给词的适当形式填空) 85. The book describes the changes that ________ (occur) in the landscape over the past decade. (所给词的适当形式填空) 86. We can picture exactly ________ he means because we have now seen films of astronauts orbiting the Earth in spacecraft. (用适当的词填空) 87. Eventually, they accommodated my needs by moving me to a job ________ I can work from home most days. (用适当的词填空) 88. I was at that show and, as ________ matter of fact, I saw your bike getting smashed. (用适当的词填空) 89. The club is well aware ________ its responsibilities and treats the situation very seriously. (用适当的词填空) 90. Can I depend on ________ that this won’t take place again? (用适当的词填空) 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $