Unit 1 Same or Different? 人与社会：我与我的朋友（话题阅读精练）英语新教材鲁教版五四学制七年级下册

Unit 1 Same or Different? 我与我的朋友 话题阅读精练 板块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 童话故事 220 选自马克吐温的《王子与贫儿》。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 248 朋友与基因 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 189 通过一项全球实验，探讨了音乐偏好与人格特质之间的关联，鼓励人们尝试多样化的音乐风格。 Passage2 补全短文 记叙文 178 通过讲述Elise和Mei Lin在参加学校组织的露营活动时发生的事，强调好朋友之间要彼此陪伴和信任。 模拟演练 Passage1 完型填空 说明文 203 探讨友谊的重要性，描述作者与两位性格迥异的朋友相处方式，说明朋友不必相同也能带来快乐。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 190 改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》，告诉我们应该活在当下，感激你所拥有的一切。 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 206 讲述什么是真正的友谊以及如何找到和保持这种友谊。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 198 主要是关于成为朋友的因素。 Passage5 补全短文 说明文 182 讲述了如何维持友谊的三个规则：诚实、慷慨和理解。 Passage6 阅读理解 说明文 203 介绍了“搭子”这一新兴的文化现象，解释了其定义、与亲密友谊的区别、受年轻人欢迎的原因以及注意事项。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 1. Set great store by friendship. 情意重千斤。 2. Between friends all is common. 朋友之间不分彼此。 3. Old friends and old wine are best. 陈酒味醇，老友情深。 4. The friendship of a gentleman is insipid as water. 君子之交淡如水。 5. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 6. Friendship is like a plant of slow growth. 友谊像生长着的植物，是慢慢地建立起来的。 7. A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 好书如挚友，情谊永不渝。 8. A man knows his companion in a long journey and a little inn. 路遥知马力，日久见人心。 9. It is only the great - hearted who can be true friends; the mean and the cowardly can never know what true friendship is. 只有伟大胸怀的人才是真正的朋友；平庸和怯懦之辈决不可能了解真正友谊的含义。 10. For a congenial friend a thousand toasts are too few; in a disagreeable conversation one word more is too many. 酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。 时文阅读 Passage A《王子与贫儿》 The Prince and the Pauper Long ago in a kingdom, there was a son born to a king and queen. He was named Edward. On the same day, a son was born to a very poor family. He was named Tom. Prince Edward was treated very well, with lots of food and clothes. But for Tom, it was the opposite. His father made him beg for food on the streets. One day, Tom saw a huge palace. He wanted to go in, but the guard stopped him because he was wearing dirty ragged clothes. "You cannot enter this palace. Go away, you little rat!" Prince Edward saw this and said, "Why is there screaming?" "Your Highness, this pauper boy is trying to enter the palace." "Even though he is a pauper, he's still one of my people!" Prince Edward brought Tom into the palace and gave him some food. He suggested that Tom switch clothes because he wanted to go out. Tom could do nothing but agree. Surprisingly, they looked like twins. Prince Edward headed outside the palace. Tom's father, who thought Prince Edward was Tom, dragged him back to their house. He beat him every day and made him beg for money. Meanwhile, Tom tried to convince the servants that he wasn't prince Edward. However, no one believed him and thought he was ill. One day, Prince Edward bumped into Knight Hendon. Believing his story, Knight Hendon decided to help him get back to the palace. On that day, the king had died and Tom was about to be crowned as the new king. When he was receiving the crown, Knight Hendon burst in with Prince Edward. "Wait! I am the real Prince Edward, not him!" No one believed him, so Tom said, "He is right. He is the real prince." Prince Edward took out the royal seal to prove himself. Everyone believed them and Prince Edward was crowned as the king. Touched by Tom's honesty, he made Tom his chief advisor and awarded Knight Hendon. They ruled the country together and lived happily ever after. 1.Why was Tom stopped by the guard at the palace gate? A. Because he was a thief. B. Because he didn't have an invitation. C. Because he was wearing shabby clothes. D. Because he was running too fast. 2.What did Prince Edward and Tom decide to do when they first met? A. Have a big meal together. B. Play games in the palace. C. Exchange their clothes. D. Go out of the palace together. 3.How did Tom's father treat the prince he mistook for Tom? A. Gave him delicious food. B. Beat him and forced him to beg for money. C. Took him to see a doctor. D. Asked him to do a lot of housework. 4.Who helped Prince Edward return to the palace? A. Tom. B. The king. C. Knight Hendon. D. The servants. 5.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tom became the king in the end. B. Prince Edward made Tom his chief advisor. C. Knight Hendon was punished. D. The king didn't die. 长难句分析 1. "Prince Edward was treated very well, with lots of food and clothes."爱德华王子受到极好的对待，有很多食物和衣物。 结构：被动句（was treated）+ 介词短语（with...）作伴随状语。解析：被动语态强调爱德华王子“被善待”的状态；with短语补充说明“待遇好”的具体表现（有充足的食物和衣物）。 2."He suggested that Tom switch clothes because he wanted to go out."他建议汤姆换上他的衣服，因为他想出宫去。 结构：主句（He suggested that...）+ 宾语从句（Tom switch...）+ 原因状语从句（because...）。解析：suggest后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”（此处switch省略should），表示“建议做某事”；because从句说明建议换衣服的原因。 3."Tom tried to convince the servants that he wasn't prince Edward, but no one believed him and thought he was ill."汤姆试图让仆人们相信他不是爱德华王子，但没人相信他，还认为他病了。 结构：并列句（Tom tried... but no one believed... and thought...），包含宾语从句（that he wasn't... 和 he was ill）。 解析：but连接转折关系；后半句中and连接两个并列谓语（believed和thought），thought后省略了宾语从句引导词that。 4."On that day, the king had died and Tom was about to be crowned as the new king."那天，国王已经去世，汤姆即将被加冕为新国王。 结构：并列句（the king had died and Tom was about to...），包含过去完成时和过去将来时的被动结构。解析：had died（过去完成时）强调“国王去世”发生在“汤姆即将加冕”之前；was about to be crowned（过去将来时的被动）表示“即将被加冕”的状态。 5."Touched by Tom's honesty, he made Tom his chief advisor and awarded Knight Hendon."被汤姆的诚实所打动，他任命汤姆为首席顾问，并嘉奖了亨顿爵士。 结构：过去分词短语（Touched by...）作状语 + 主句（he made... and awarded...）。解析：Touched by... 是“被...触动”的意思，逻辑主语是主句的he（爱德华王子）；made后接双宾语（Tom和his chief advisor），awarded与made并列作谓语。 译文： 很久很久以前，在一个王国里，国王和王后生下了一个儿子，取名爱德华。同一天，一个非常贫穷的家庭也生下了一个儿子，取名汤姆。 爱德华王子备受优待，衣食无忧。但汤姆的处境却截然相反，他的父亲逼他在街上乞讨为生。一天，汤姆看到一座宏伟的宫殿，想进去看看，却被卫兵拦住了，只因为他穿着又脏又破的衣服。“你不能进这宫殿，走开，你这小叫花子！” 爱德华王子看到了这一幕，问道：“怎么这么吵？”“殿下，这个穷小子想进宫殿。”“就算他是个穷人，也是我的子民！”爱德华王子把汤姆带进了宫殿，给了他一些食物。他提议和汤姆换衣服，因为他想出去走走。汤姆别无选择，只好答应。令人惊讶的是，他们长得像双胞胎一样。 爱德华王子走出宫殿后，汤姆的父亲误以为他是汤姆，把他拖回了家。父亲每天打他，还逼他去乞讨赚钱。与此同时，汤姆试图说服仆人们自己不是爱德华王子，但没人相信他，大家都以为他生病了。 一天，爱德华王子偶遇了亨顿骑士。亨顿骑士相信了他的故事，决定帮他回到宫殿。那天，老国王去世了，汤姆即将被加冕为新国王。就在他准备接受王冠时，亨顿骑士带着爱德华王子冲了进来。“等等！我才是真正的爱德华王子，不是他！”没人相信他，于是汤姆说：“他说得对，他才是真正的王子。”爱德华王子拿出御玺证明了自己的身份。所有人都相信了他们，爱德华王子最终加冕成为国王。 爱德华王子被汤姆的诚实打动，任命他为首席顾问，并嘉奖了亨顿骑士。他们一起治理国家，从此过着幸福的生活。 Passage B 时文阅读：朋友与基因 Are Your Friends in Your DNA? Have you ever wondered why you get along so well with certain friends? It might not be just a coincidence. Recent studies suggest that our genes could play a role in choosing our friends. Scientists from the University of California studied the genes of over 1,500 people. They found that friends share more similar genes than strangers do. For example, genes related to sense of smell are more likely to be similar among friends. This could be because people with similar smell genes might enjoy the same environments, like cafes or parks, and thus meet more easily. Another interesting finding is that friends tend to have different genes related to immunity (免疫力). This might help protect groups of friends from the same diseases. If one person gets sick, others with different immunity genes are less likely to catch the same illness. It’s like nature’s way of keeping the group healthy. However, genes are not the only factor. The environment we live in and the choices we make also matter a lot. Even if two people share similar genes, they might not become friends if they grow up in different places or have different hobbies. So, while our DNA may bring us closer to certain people, true friendship still depends on trust, shared interests, and spending time together. After all, a good friend is someone who stands by you, no matter what your genes are. 1.What does the recent study suggest about friends? A. Friends have the same habits. B. Genes may influence friend choices. C. Friends must live in the same area. D. Genes decide everything about friendship. 2.Why do friends probably share similar smell genes? A. They often visit the same doctors. B. They like the same kinds of food. C. They may enjoy similar environments. D. They have the same immunity. 3.What is the advantage of friends having different immunity genes? A. It helps them fight the same diseases. B. It makes them more likely to meet. C. It lets them share more hobbies. D. It keeps them from getting sick at all. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A. Genes are the only reason for friendship. B. Environment plays no role in making friends. C. Similar genes can bring people closer. D. Strangers share more genes than friends. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to choose good friends. B. Why friends share similar genes. C. The role of genes in friendship. D. How genes protect people from diseases. 长难句分析 1. "Recent studies suggest that our genes could play a role in choosing our friends."近期的研究表明，我们的基因可能在选择朋友方面起作用。 结构：主句（Recent studies suggest that...）+ 宾语从句（our genes could...）。解析：suggest 在这里表示“表明、显示”，后接that引导的宾语从句，说明研究的结论；“play a role in doing sth”是固定搭配，意为“在做某事中起作用”。 2."They found that friends share more similar genes than strangers do."他们发现，朋友之间共享的相似基因比陌生人多。 结构：主句（They found that...）+ 宾语从句（friends share... than strangers do）。解析：宾语从句中包含比较级“more... than...”，比较的是“朋友”和“陌生人”的基因相似度；句尾的“do”代替前面的“share similar genes”，避免重复。 3."This could be because people with similar smell genes might enjoy the same environments, like cafes or parks, and thus meet more easily."这可能是因为拥有相似嗅觉基因的人可能喜欢相同的环境，比如咖啡馆或公园，因此更容易相遇。 结构：主句（This could be because...）+ 原因状语从句（people with... and thus meet...）。解析：“because”引导原因状语从句，解释前文现象的原因；“with similar smell genes”是介词短语作定语，修饰“people”；“thus”表示“因此”，连接前后两个动作（喜欢相同环境→更容易相遇）。 4."Even if two people share similar genes, they might not become friends if they grow up in different places or have different hobbies."即使两个人拥有相似的基因，如果他们在不同的地方长大或有不同的爱好，他们也可能成不了朋友。 结构：让步状语从句（Even if...）+ 主句（they might not... if...）+ 条件状语从句（if...）。解析：“Even if”表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句，先承认一种情况；主句中包含由“if”引导的条件状语从句，说明另一种影响结果的条件；两个从句从不同角度说明基因并非友谊的唯一决定因素。 5."So, while our DNA may bring us closer to certain people, true friendship still depends on trust, shared interests, and spending time together."因此，尽管我们的DNA可能让我们与某些人更亲近，但真正的友谊仍然取决于信任、共同的兴趣和相处的时间。 结构：让步状语从句（while our DNA may...）+ 主句（true friendship still depends on...）。解析：“while”在这里表示“尽管、虽然”，引导让步状语从句，与主句形成转折关系；“depend on”后接三个并列的名词/短语（trust, shared interests, spending time together），说明真正友谊的基础。 译文： 朋友与基因：你的朋友藏在你的DNA里吗？ 你有没有想过，为什么你和某些朋友特别合得来？这可能不只是巧合。最近的研究表明，我们的基因可能在选择朋友时发挥作用。 加州大学的科学家研究了1500多人的基因。他们发现，朋友之间共享的相似基因比陌生人更多。例如，与嗅觉相关的基因在朋友中更可能相似。这可能是因为拥有相似嗅觉基因的人可能喜欢相同的环境，比如咖啡馆或公园，因此更容易相遇。 另一个有趣的发现是，朋友的免疫力相关基因往往不同。这可能有助于保护朋友圈子免受同一种疾病的侵袭。如果一个人生病了，拥有不同免疫力基因的其他人就不太可能感染同一种病。这就像大自然在保护群体健康的方式。 然而，基因并非唯一因素。我们所处的环境和做出的选择也很重要。即使两个人有相似的基因，如果他们在不同的地方长大或有不同的爱好，也可能成不了朋友。 所以，虽然我们的DNA可能让我们与某些人更亲近，但真正的友谊仍然取决于信任、共同的兴趣和相处的时光。毕竟，好朋友是无论你的基因如何，都会支持你的人。 话题写作佳句积累 1. A brother may not be a friend, but a friend will always be a brother.兄弟未必是朋友，而朋友总是兄弟。 2. A friend exaggerates a man’s virtue, an enemy his crimes.朋友宣扬人的美德，敌人夸大人的罪过。 3. Friendship is love with understanding.友谊是爱加上谅解。 4. Friendship multiplies joys and divides griefs.友谊可以增添欢乐，可以分担忧愁。 5. Without a friend the world is a wilderness.没有朋友，世界就等于一片荒野。 6. A true friend is known in the day of adversity.疾风知劲草，患难见真情。 7. A friend without faults will never be found.没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。 8. A faithful friend is the medicine of life.真诚的朋友如一剂生活的良药。 9. True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it be lost. 真正的友谊像健康，失去后才意识到它的价值。 10. Friends show their love in times of trouble.朋友爱心尽显于困境之中。 11. The best mirror is an old friend.老朋友如一面明镜。 12. A friend is someone who knows the song in your heart, and can sing it back to you when you have forgotten the words.朋友知道你心底的歌，当你忘掉歌词时，他会帮你找回。 13. The foundation of friendship lies in the greatest similarity between the heart and the soul of two people. 友谊的基础在于两个人的心肠和灵魂有着最大的相似。 14. Friendship is the spice of life, and it is also a painkiller of life.友谊是人生的调味品，也是人生的止痛药。 15. Friendship is the little things that make life worth living.友谊就是让生活变得美好的小事儿。 16. In friendship, three words sum up everything: forgive, forget, and start again. 友谊的秘诀在于：宽恕、忘记并重新开始。 17. Real friends, like stars, twinkle in the dark when the world is too much. 真正的朋友，就像繁星，当你世界黯淡时，他们为你闪烁。 18. The greatest gift of life is friendship, and the best reward of a lifetime is the friends you've made.生命中最伟大的馈赠是友谊，人生中最大的奖励是结交的朋友。实战演练 真题示例 Passage 1 （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题） Want to know what your friends are really like? Take a look at their music playlist. More than 36,000 people, from all over the world, took part in an experiment (实验). It compared their personalities with how much they liked different musical styles. The results show that personalities do influence what we listen to. Here’s what certain musical styles say about who you are. Rock Like the sound of loud guitars and heavy drum beats? This type of music sounds very exciting, but fans of it are often quite gentle. Country music If cowboy hats and guitars get you singing along, it’s possible that you’re hard-working, preferring traditional styles and values. Jazz Fans of this strong music always come up with new ideas and are good at learning. If you like the saxophone of John Coltrane, then you’re probably self-confident and easy to get on with. Classical music If Beethoven and Mozart have you turning up the music, you’re probably quiet, but happy with who you are and comfortable with the world around you. But the experiment didn’t tell the whole story: where we grow up, who we often go out with, and our personal experiences play into our taste, too. The songs you choose to be part of your life make you different from others. But no matter what style you like, music is for everyone. And enjoying different types of music lets you get a taste of cultures you might not have experienced before. So experiment with your playlist! 5．What influences our musical taste according to the experiment? A．Personalities. B．Friends. C．Parents. D．Instruments. 6．According to the passage, if Daniel is creative, what may be found in his playlist? A．Rock. B．Country music. C．Jazz. D．Classical music. 7．What may be the writer’s advice for us? A．Changing our personalities. B．Trying different types of music. C．Doing experiments with friends. D．Getting more learning experiences. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How different cultures influence you. B．What your playlist says about you. C．What songs we can choose to enjoy. D．Why there are different musical styles. Passage 2 （2024·山东淄博·中考真题） Elise and Mei Lin were neighbors and classmates. They were good friends and would always spend time together. One day, they attended a school camp. They took part in a treasure hunt for the first time and decided to win. During the camp, Mrs. Tan, their teacher, held a briefing (简介) for all the teams. 9 They were busy talking about how to win the hunt. After the briefing, each team was given ten minutes to fix their plans before setting off. Elise and Mei Lin argued about whose plan was better. After the ten minutes was up, they still could not decide and went to look for the treasure without having a plan. 10 When they realized they were losing, Elise and Mei Lin got upset and started blaming (指责) each other. “You didn’t collect the map!” Mei Lin shouted. “You didn’t listen carefully to the instructions during the briefing,” Elise argued. Mrs. Tan saw them arguing and advised, “ 11 ” After hearing that, they felt stupid and began working together as a team. Even though they did not win the treasure hunt, they learned that working together as a team was more important than winning. 12 Mrs. Tan was pleased that the girls had learned a valuable lesson. A．Finally, they found the treasure and won the hunt. B．Elise and Mei Lin didn’t pay attention. C．Good friends should be working together instead of quarreling (争吵). D．As a result, they could not find any treasure. E．For the rest of the camp, they worked together and enjoyed each other’s company. 模拟演练 Passage 1 To live a better life, everyone needs friends. Do you have lots of friends? What do you 1 friends and friendship? And are they very important to you? Some of your friends may have different views and interests, while some like doing the same 2 as you. Do you like the friends different from you 3 the same as you? You may like the friends who 4 the same interests as you. But I don’t really care. I have two good friends. Who are they? They are Peter and James. Peter is 5 me. I am a quiet boy, and Peter is also quiet. We 6 enjoy reading books and surfing the Internet. At weekends, we often go to the library or 7 on the computer together. But James is very different from us. He likes playing ball games, and he is more athletic (擅长运动的) than us. He is 8 more outgoing. He likes talking and often makes 9 laugh. Both of the two friends make me feel happy in my life. You see, friends are not 10 to be the same. Do you agree with me? Who is your best friend? Could you say something about him or her? 1．A．talk about B．think of C．thanks for D．look at 2．A．interests B．views C．things D．habits 3．A．or B．and C．until D．but 4．A．are B．have C．show D．get 5．A．like B．as C．for D．with 6．A．all B．each C．both D．some 7．A．watch B．teach C．bring D．play 8．A．a few B．few C．a lot D．little 9．A．him B．her C．them D．us 10．A．important B．necessary C．difficult D．different Passage 2 ①Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. “Nothing special,” she answered. ②How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk through the woods and see nothing special? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be found by sight (视力)? And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I could see for just three days. ③On the first day, I should want to see the people who have made my life worth (值得) living and the books which have been read to me. In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and enjoy the beauties of nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep. ④On my second day, I should go to the museums to see man’s progress. I should try to explore spirits of man from his art. In the evening, I should spend at the movies. ⑤The third day, I should spend in the world of common people going about the business of life. At midnight permanent (永久的) night would close in on me again, and I should realize how much I had left unseen. ⑥I who can’t see can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if ▲ . The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again... But of all the senses, I’m sure that sight must be the most pleasant. (Adapted from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller) 1．What makes the writer start imagining the three days? A．Watching a movie. B．Reading fun books. C．Walking in the woods. D．Touching new things. 2．Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A．tomorrow you would not walk B．tomorrow you could not see C．yesterday you couldn’t see D．yesterday you could leave 3．Which of the following sayings may the writer agree with (赞同)? A．Pleasant times fly fast. B．Time is everything for us all. C．Thank for what you have and enjoy every moment. D．Tomorrow is yours as long as you get ready for it. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． Passage 3 Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us”. But how do you find real friendship and keep it? Different people have different ideas. Some famous writers write many books which give us a lot of advice, such as Sally Seaman, an American writer. She tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed (种子) and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints (抱怨) and do his or her best to help you. Second, to make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives. But things cannot always be happy. Even the best friends have scraps. What should you do when you have a scrap with your friend? You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you can write a letter. Tell your friend how you are feeling. Tell your friend what he or she has done wrong and explain why you do this or that. Remember that friendship is one of the most important things in your life. 1．Sally wants to tell students the way to ________. A．find friends B．plant trees C．get happy D．keep healthy 2．A good friend should ________. A．be lovely and cool B．be kind and patient C．have lots of money D．have good looks 3．The underlined word “scraps” means ________ in Chinese. A．交谈 B．吃饭 C．吵架 D．区别 4．The best title of this passage is “________”. A．Teenagers and Friendship B．The Good Friends around you C．The Trouble of Growing up D．The Care and Keeping of Friends Passage 4       ① When we face difficulty, good friends are there to help us through the hard times. They will be there to talk us through it with their calm, wise words and friendly encouragement. Even if you don’t find the solution right away, at least they provide a shoulder for you to cry on before taking action. We all know a friend in need is a friend indeed. However, who can be our friends? ② “What! You, too? I thought I was the only one.” Have you ever said this to someone? If so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person. It seems that similarity often helps people make friends. A Greek philosopher (哲学家) once said, “Friendship is a matter of similarity. We love those who are like ourselves.” ③ There is some science behind this idea. Scientists from the University of California said friends have similar brains. Scientists invited 42 university students to take part in science research. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a talk show and a soccer match. Meanwhile, scientists scanned (扫描) their brains and recorded their brain activity. ④ According to their scans, friends who watched the same videos reacted (反应) in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains reacted while watching the videos, especially parts that are about learning and memory. However, people who weren’t friends had different reactions to the same videos. ⑤ “Having similar close friends may be useful because it reinforces one’s own values, opinions and interests.” A scientist in the research said. ⑥ But brain similarity is not the only thing that can influence friendship. There are many other factors (因素) we should think about. For example, friends should help and respect each other. Recently, scientists from a University in Germany found something unusual. They discovered friendship also depends on how physically close you are to someone. They did research with first-year college students in the university. They found students who sat close to each other became friends more easily and it was easier for them to keep the friendship. That is quite different from what we have known for years. 1．What can we learn from the passage about friendship? A．Similar parts of friends’ brains reacted while watching the same videos. B．People who aren’t friends have the same reactions to the same videos. C．Brain similarity is the only thing that can influence friendship. D．How close you are to someone has nothing to do with making friends. 2．What does the underlined word “reinforce” mean? A．控制 B．减弱 C．加强 D．放任 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? (①=Para. 1, ②=Para. 2, ③=Para. 3, ④=Para. 4, ⑤=Para. 5, ⑥=Para. 6) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To encourage people to make more friends. B．To share factors which influence friendship. C．To explain what the similarities of friendship are. D．To show the importance of the similarity in friend-making. Passage 5 Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendships back. That is why some friendships don’t last very long. 1 You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don’t tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest, you may lose your friend’s trust. 2 Generosity means sharing, and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead, you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, like your hobbies and interests. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. 3 They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later, everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. 4 So to be a friend, you  must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better. 5 But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friendships, you must be honest, be generous and be understanding. A．To have a friend, you must learn to be a friend. B．A friend will never forget you. C．No two friendships are ever exactly similar. D．Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. E．These can be valuable to a friend. F．Good friends always trust one another to speak and act honestly. Passage 6 Have you heard of (听说) dazi? Have you ever found a dazi? These days, finding a dazi is becoming popular with Chinese young people. A dazi is a person we eat with, study with, exercise with or take a trip with, but we haven’t known him or her before. The dazi culture is about finding the right person to do the right activity with. Xiaoyue, a young woman from Ningxia, has met many dazi because of her love for basketball and biking. Having a dazi not only gives her company (陪伴) but also helps her enjoy sports more. These dazi relationships are very different from close friendships. As for close friends, we need to stay in close contact. With a dazi, you don’t have to do so. Many dazi may not meet again after a trip or a game together. So, many people believe having a dazi makes their social life easier and more comfortable. Finding a dazi shows that Chinese young people want clearer boundaries (界限) in their social relationships. Dazi will not talk or ask a lot about their personal lives. And they hope these relationships can let them share their hobbies and interests, or that they can help them to improve themselves. Although finding a dazi has many good points, we should be careful and put our safety first. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．How might Xiaoyue describe having a dazi? A．Serious. B．Difficult. C．Enjoyable. D．Meaningless. 3．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having a social life. B．Playing games together. C．Staying in close contact. D．Talking about personal life. 4．Why do Chinese young people like to find a dazi? ①To improve themselves. ②To share their hobbies and interests. ③To save time and money. ④To have boundaries in their social relationships. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Some stories of dazi B．How we find a dazi C．Dazi: special close friends D．Dazi: a new popular culture 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Same or Different? 我与我的朋友 话题阅读精练 板块 语篇 题型 体裁 词数 内容简介 时文阅读 Passage1 阅读理解 童话故事 220 选自马克吐温的《王子与贫儿》。 Passage2 阅读理解 说明文 248 朋友与基因 真题示例 Passage1 阅读理解 说明文 189 通过一项全球实验，探讨了音乐偏好与人格特质之间的关联，鼓励人们尝试多样化的音乐风格。 Passage2 补全短文 记叙文 178 通过讲述Elise和Mei Lin在参加学校组织的露营活动时发生的事，强调好朋友之间要彼此陪伴和信任。 模拟演练 Passage1 完型填空 说明文 203 探讨友谊的重要性，描述作者与两位性格迥异的朋友相处方式，说明朋友不必相同也能带来快乐。 Passage2 阅读理解 记叙文 190 改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》，告诉我们应该活在当下，感激你所拥有的一切。 Passage3 阅读理解 议论文 206 讲述什么是真正的友谊以及如何找到和保持这种友谊。 Passage4 阅读理解 说明文 198 主要是关于成为朋友的因素。 Passage5 补全短文 说明文 182 讲述了如何维持友谊的三个规则：诚实、慷慨和理解。 Passage6 阅读理解 说明文 203 介绍了“搭子”这一新兴的文化现象，解释了其定义、与亲密友谊的区别、受年轻人欢迎的原因以及注意事项。 时文阅读 话题谚语小知识 1. Set great store by friendship. 情意重千斤。 2. Between friends all is common. 朋友之间不分彼此。 3. Old friends and old wine are best. 陈酒味醇，老友情深。 4. The friendship of a gentleman is insipid as water. 君子之交淡如水。 5. A bosom friend afar brings a distant land near. 海内存知己，天涯若比邻。 6. Friendship is like a plant of slow growth. 友谊像生长着的植物，是慢慢地建立起来的。 7. A good book is the best of friends, the same today and forever. 好书如挚友，情谊永不渝。 8. A man knows his companion in a long journey and a little inn. 路遥知马力，日久见人心。 9. It is only the great - hearted who can be true friends; the mean and the cowardly can never know what true friendship is. 只有伟大胸怀的人才是真正的朋友；平庸和怯懦之辈决不可能了解真正友谊的含义。 10. For a congenial friend a thousand toasts are too few; in a disagreeable conversation one word more is too many. 酒逢知己千杯少，话不投机半句多。 时文阅读 Passage A《王子与贫儿》 The Prince and the Pauper Long ago in a kingdom, there was a son born to a king and queen. He was named Edward. On the same day, a son was born to a very poor family. He was named Tom. Prince Edward was treated very well, with lots of food and clothes. But for Tom, it was the opposite. His father made him beg for food on the streets. One day, Tom saw a huge palace. He wanted to go in, but the guard stopped him because he was wearing dirty ragged clothes. "You cannot enter this palace. Go away, you little rat!" Prince Edward saw this and said, "Why is there screaming?" "Your Highness, this pauper boy is trying to enter the palace." "Even though he is a pauper, he's still one of my people!" Prince Edward brought Tom into the palace and gave him some food. He suggested that Tom switch clothes because he wanted to go out. Tom could do nothing but agree. Surprisingly, they looked like twins. Prince Edward headed outside the palace. Tom's father, who thought Prince Edward was Tom, dragged him back to their house. He beat him every day and made him beg for money. Meanwhile, Tom tried to convince the servants that he wasn't prince Edward. However, no one believed him and thought he was ill. One day, Prince Edward bumped into Knight Hendon. Believing his story, Knight Hendon decided to help him get back to the palace. On that day, the king had died and Tom was about to be crowned as the new king. When he was receiving the crown, Knight Hendon burst in with Prince Edward. "Wait! I am the real Prince Edward, not him!" No one believed him, so Tom said, "He is right. He is the real prince." Prince Edward took out the royal seal to prove himself. Everyone believed them and Prince Edward was crowned as the king. Touched by Tom's honesty, he made Tom his chief advisor and awarded Knight Hendon. They ruled the country together and lived happily ever after. 1.Why was Tom stopped by the guard at the palace gate? A. Because he was a thief. B. Because he didn't have an invitation. C. Because he was wearing shabby clothes. D. Because he was running too fast. 2.What did Prince Edward and Tom decide to do when they first met? A. Have a big meal together. B. Play games in the palace. C. Exchange their clothes. D. Go out of the palace together. 3.How did Tom's father treat the prince he mistook for Tom? A. Gave him delicious food. B. Beat him and forced him to beg for money. C. Took him to see a doctor. D. Asked him to do a lot of housework. 4.Who helped Prince Edward return to the palace? A. Tom. B. The king. C. Knight Hendon. D. The servants. 5.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage? A. Tom became the king in the end. B. Prince Edward made Tom his chief advisor. C. Knight Hendon was punished. D. The king didn't die. 长难句分析 1. "Prince Edward was treated very well, with lots of food and clothes."爱德华王子受到极好的对待，有很多食物和衣物。 结构：被动句（was treated）+ 介词短语（with...）作伴随状语。解析：被动语态强调爱德华王子“被善待”的状态；with短语补充说明“待遇好”的具体表现（有充足的食物和衣物）。 2."He suggested that Tom switch clothes because he wanted to go out."他建议汤姆换上他的衣服，因为他想出宫去。 结构：主句（He suggested that...）+ 宾语从句（Tom switch...）+ 原因状语从句（because...）。解析：suggest后接宾语从句时，从句谓语用“(should)+动词原形”（此处switch省略should），表示“建议做某事”；because从句说明建议换衣服的原因。 3."Tom tried to convince the servants that he wasn't prince Edward, but no one believed him and thought he was ill."汤姆试图让仆人们相信他不是爱德华王子，但没人相信他，还认为他病了。 结构：并列句（Tom tried... but no one believed... and thought...），包含宾语从句（that he wasn't... 和 he was ill）。 解析：but连接转折关系；后半句中and连接两个并列谓语（believed和thought），thought后省略了宾语从句引导词that。 4."On that day, the king had died and Tom was about to be crowned as the new king."那天，国王已经去世，汤姆即将被加冕为新国王。 结构：并列句（the king had died and Tom was about to...），包含过去完成时和过去将来时的被动结构。解析：had died（过去完成时）强调“国王去世”发生在“汤姆即将加冕”之前；was about to be crowned（过去将来时的被动）表示“即将被加冕”的状态。 5."Touched by Tom's honesty, he made Tom his chief advisor and awarded Knight Hendon."被汤姆的诚实所打动，他任命汤姆为首席顾问，并嘉奖了亨顿爵士。 结构：过去分词短语（Touched by...）作状语 + 主句（he made... and awarded...）。解析：Touched by... 是“被...触动”的意思，逻辑主语是主句的he（爱德华王子）；made后接双宾语（Tom和his chief advisor），awarded与made并列作谓语。 【答案与解析】1-5 CCBCB 1.答案：C，解析：根据原文第二段，“the guard stopped him because he was wearing dirty ragged clothes”（卫兵拦住他是因为他穿着又脏又破的衣服），“shabby clothes”与“dirty ragged clothes”意思一致，故选C。 2.答案：C，解析：第三段明确提到“He suggested that Tom switch clothes”（他提议和汤姆换衣服），“switch clothes”与“exchange their clothes”同义，故选C。 3.答案：B，解析：第四段指出“Tom's father... dragged him back to their house. He beat him every day and made him beg for money”（汤姆的父亲把他拖回家，每天打他，逼他乞讨赚钱），与选项B描述一致，故选B。 4.答案：C，解析：第五段提到“Knight Hendon... decided to help him get back to the palace”（亨顿骑士决定帮他回到宫殿），直接说明了帮助者是亨顿骑士，故选C。 5.答案：B，解析：最后一段明确说明“he made Tom his chief advisor”（他任命汤姆为首席顾问），与选项B一致。A项错误，因为最终是爱德华王子成为国王；C项错误，亨顿骑士受到了嘉奖而非惩罚；D项错误，老国王已经去世。故选B。 译文： 很久很久以前，在一个王国里，国王和王后生下了一个儿子，取名爱德华。同一天，一个非常贫穷的家庭也生下了一个儿子，取名汤姆。 爱德华王子备受优待，衣食无忧。但汤姆的处境却截然相反，他的父亲逼他在街上乞讨为生。一天，汤姆看到一座宏伟的宫殿，想进去看看，却被卫兵拦住了，只因为他穿着又脏又破的衣服。“你不能进这宫殿，走开，你这小叫花子！” 爱德华王子看到了这一幕，问道：“怎么这么吵？”“殿下，这个穷小子想进宫殿。”“就算他是个穷人，也是我的子民！”爱德华王子把汤姆带进了宫殿，给了他一些食物。他提议和汤姆换衣服，因为他想出去走走。汤姆别无选择，只好答应。令人惊讶的是，他们长得像双胞胎一样。 爱德华王子走出宫殿后，汤姆的父亲误以为他是汤姆，把他拖回了家。父亲每天打他，还逼他去乞讨赚钱。与此同时，汤姆试图说服仆人们自己不是爱德华王子，但没人相信他，大家都以为他生病了。 一天，爱德华王子偶遇了亨顿骑士。亨顿骑士相信了他的故事，决定帮他回到宫殿。那天，老国王去世了，汤姆即将被加冕为新国王。就在他准备接受王冠时，亨顿骑士带着爱德华王子冲了进来。“等等！我才是真正的爱德华王子，不是他！”没人相信他，于是汤姆说：“他说得对，他才是真正的王子。”爱德华王子拿出御玺证明了自己的身份。所有人都相信了他们，爱德华王子最终加冕成为国王。 爱德华王子被汤姆的诚实打动，任命他为首席顾问，并嘉奖了亨顿骑士。他们一起治理国家，从此过着幸福的生活。 Passage B 时文阅读：朋友与基因 Are Your Friends in Your DNA? Have you ever wondered why you get along so well with certain friends? It might not be just a coincidence. Recent studies suggest that our genes could play a role in choosing our friends. Scientists from the University of California studied the genes of over 1,500 people. They found that friends share more similar genes than strangers do. For example, genes related to sense of smell are more likely to be similar among friends. This could be because people with similar smell genes might enjoy the same environments, like cafes or parks, and thus meet more easily. Another interesting finding is that friends tend to have different genes related to immunity (免疫力). This might help protect groups of friends from the same diseases. If one person gets sick, others with different immunity genes are less likely to catch the same illness. It’s like nature’s way of keeping the group healthy. However, genes are not the only factor. The environment we live in and the choices we make also matter a lot. Even if two people share similar genes, they might not become friends if they grow up in different places or have different hobbies. So, while our DNA may bring us closer to certain people, true friendship still depends on trust, shared interests, and spending time together. After all, a good friend is someone who stands by you, no matter what your genes are. 1.What does the recent study suggest about friends? A. Friends have the same habits. B. Genes may influence friend choices. C. Friends must live in the same area. D. Genes decide everything about friendship. 2.Why do friends probably share similar smell genes? A. They often visit the same doctors. B. They like the same kinds of food. C. They may enjoy similar environments. D. They have the same immunity. 3.What is the advantage of friends having different immunity genes? A. It helps them fight the same diseases. B. It makes them more likely to meet. C. It lets them share more hobbies. D. It keeps them from getting sick at all. 4.What can we learn from the passage? A. Genes are the only reason for friendship. B. Environment plays no role in making friends. C. Similar genes can bring people closer. D. Strangers share more genes than friends. 5.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How to choose good friends. B. Why friends share similar genes. C. The role of genes in friendship. D. How genes protect people from diseases. 长难句分析 1. "Recent studies suggest that our genes could play a role in choosing our friends."近期的研究表明，我们的基因可能在选择朋友方面起作用。 结构：主句（Recent studies suggest that...）+ 宾语从句（our genes could...）。解析：suggest 在这里表示“表明、显示”，后接that引导的宾语从句，说明研究的结论；“play a role in doing sth”是固定搭配，意为“在做某事中起作用”。 2."They found that friends share more similar genes than strangers do."他们发现，朋友之间共享的相似基因比陌生人多。 结构：主句（They found that...）+ 宾语从句（friends share... than strangers do）。解析：宾语从句中包含比较级“more... than...”，比较的是“朋友”和“陌生人”的基因相似度；句尾的“do”代替前面的“share similar genes”，避免重复。 3."This could be because people with similar smell genes might enjoy the same environments, like cafes or parks, and thus meet more easily."这可能是因为拥有相似嗅觉基因的人可能喜欢相同的环境，比如咖啡馆或公园，因此更容易相遇。 结构：主句（This could be because...）+ 原因状语从句（people with... and thus meet...）。解析：“because”引导原因状语从句，解释前文现象的原因；“with similar smell genes”是介词短语作定语，修饰“people”；“thus”表示“因此”，连接前后两个动作（喜欢相同环境→更容易相遇）。 4."Even if two people share similar genes, they might not become friends if they grow up in different places or have different hobbies."即使两个人拥有相似的基因，如果他们在不同的地方长大或有不同的爱好，他们也可能成不了朋友。 结构：让步状语从句（Even if...）+ 主句（they might not... if...）+ 条件状语从句（if...）。解析：“Even if”表示“即使”，引导让步状语从句，先承认一种情况；主句中包含由“if”引导的条件状语从句，说明另一种影响结果的条件；两个从句从不同角度说明基因并非友谊的唯一决定因素。 5."So, while our DNA may bring us closer to certain people, true friendship still depends on trust, shared interests, and spending time together."因此，尽管我们的DNA可能让我们与某些人更亲近，但真正的友谊仍然取决于信任、共同的兴趣和相处的时间。 结构：让步状语从句（while our DNA may...）+ 主句（true friendship still depends on...）。解析：“while”在这里表示“尽管、虽然”，引导让步状语从句，与主句形成转折关系；“depend on”后接三个并列的名词/短语（trust, shared interests, spending time together），说明真正友谊的基础。 【答案与解析】1—5 BCACC 1.B，解析：文章第一段明确提到“Recent studies suggest that our genes could play a role in choosing our friends”，即基因可能影响朋友的选择。A选项“相同习惯”、C选项“必须住在同一地区”、D选项“基因决定友谊的一切”均不符合原文。 2.C，解析：第二段指出“people with similar smell genes might enjoy the same environments... and thus meet more easily”，即相似的嗅觉基因让人们喜欢相同的环境，因此朋友间嗅觉基因更可能相似。A、B、D选项在文中均未提及。 3.A，解析：第三段提到“friends tend to have different genes related to immunity... help protect groups of friends from the same diseases”，即不同的免疫力基因有助于抵抗同一种疾病。B选项“更容易相遇”是嗅觉基因的作用；C选项“共享更多爱好”与基因无关；D选项“完全不生病”过于绝对，原文未提及。 4.C，解析：文章最后一段提到“our DNA may bring us closer to certain people”，即相似基因可能让人更亲近，与C选项一致。A选项“汤姆最终成为国王”与原文“Prince Edward was crowned as the king”不符；B选项“环境对交友无影响”与原文“The environment... also matter a lot”矛盾；D选项“国王没有去世”与“the king had died”不符。 5.C，解析：全文围绕“基因在友谊中是否发挥作用”展开，第一段提出观点，中间段落用研究结果支撑，最后总结基因的作用，因此主旨是“基因在友谊中的角色”。A选项“如何选择好朋友”并非文章重点；B选项“朋友为什么共享相似基因”仅为第二段内容，不全面；D选项“基因如何保护人们免受疾病”仅为第三段内容，不全面。 译文： 朋友与基因：你的朋友藏在你的DNA里吗？ 你有没有想过，为什么你和某些朋友特别合得来？这可能不只是巧合。最近的研究表明，我们的基因可能在选择朋友时发挥作用。 加州大学的科学家研究了1500多人的基因。他们发现，朋友之间共享的相似基因比陌生人更多。例如，与嗅觉相关的基因在朋友中更可能相似。这可能是因为拥有相似嗅觉基因的人可能喜欢相同的环境，比如咖啡馆或公园，因此更容易相遇。 另一个有趣的发现是，朋友的免疫力相关基因往往不同。这可能有助于保护朋友圈子免受同一种疾病的侵袭。如果一个人生病了，拥有不同免疫力基因的其他人就不太可能感染同一种病。这就像大自然在保护群体健康的方式。 然而，基因并非唯一因素。我们所处的环境和做出的选择也很重要。即使两个人有相似的基因，如果他们在不同的地方长大或有不同的爱好，也可能成不了朋友。 所以，虽然我们的DNA可能让我们与某些人更亲近，但真正的友谊仍然取决于信任、共同的兴趣和相处的时光。毕竟，好朋友是无论你的基因如何，都会支持你的人。 话题写作佳句积累 1. A brother may not be a friend, but a friend will always be a brother.兄弟未必是朋友，而朋友总是兄弟。 2. A friend exaggerates a man’s virtue, an enemy his crimes.朋友宣扬人的美德，敌人夸大人的罪过。 3. Friendship is love with understanding.友谊是爱加上谅解。 4. Friendship multiplies joys and divides griefs.友谊可以增添欢乐，可以分担忧愁。 5. Without a friend the world is a wilderness.没有朋友，世界就等于一片荒野。 6. A true friend is known in the day of adversity.疾风知劲草，患难见真情。 7. A friend without faults will never be found.没有缺点的朋友是永远找不到的。 8. A faithful friend is the medicine of life.真诚的朋友如一剂生活的良药。 9. True friendship is like sound health; the value of it is seldom known until it be lost. 真正的友谊像健康，失去后才意识到它的价值。 10. Friends show their love in times of trouble.朋友爱心尽显于困境之中。 11. The best mirror is an old friend.老朋友如一面明镜。 12. A friend is someone who knows the song in your heart, and can sing it back to you when you have forgotten the words.朋友知道你心底的歌，当你忘掉歌词时，他会帮你找回。 13. The foundation of friendship lies in the greatest similarity between the heart and the soul of two people. 友谊的基础在于两个人的心肠和灵魂有着最大的相似。 14. Friendship is the spice of life, and it is also a painkiller of life.友谊是人生的调味品，也是人生的止痛药。 15. Friendship is the little things that make life worth living.友谊就是让生活变得美好的小事儿。 16. In friendship, three words sum up everything: forgive, forget, and start again. 友谊的秘诀在于：宽恕、忘记并重新开始。 17. Real friends, like stars, twinkle in the dark when the world is too much. 真正的朋友，就像繁星，当你世界黯淡时，他们为你闪烁。 18. The greatest gift of life is friendship, and the best reward of a lifetime is the friends you've made.生命中最伟大的馈赠是友谊，人生中最大的奖励是结交的朋友。实战演练 真题示例 Passage 1 （2025·江苏苏州·中考真题） Want to know what your friends are really like? Take a look at their music playlist. More than 36,000 people, from all over the world, took part in an experiment (实验). It compared their personalities with how much they liked different musical styles. The results show that personalities do influence what we listen to. Here’s what certain musical styles say about who you are. Rock Like the sound of loud guitars and heavy drum beats? This type of music sounds very exciting, but fans of it are often quite gentle. Country music If cowboy hats and guitars get you singing along, it’s possible that you’re hard-working, preferring traditional styles and values. Jazz Fans of this strong music always come up with new ideas and are good at learning. If you like the saxophone of John Coltrane, then you’re probably self-confident and easy to get on with. Classical music If Beethoven and Mozart have you turning up the music, you’re probably quiet, but happy with who you are and comfortable with the world around you. But the experiment didn’t tell the whole story: where we grow up, who we often go out with, and our personal experiences play into our taste, too. The songs you choose to be part of your life make you different from others. But no matter what style you like, music is for everyone. And enjoying different types of music lets you get a taste of cultures you might not have experienced before. So experiment with your playlist! 5．What influences our musical taste according to the experiment? A．Personalities. B．Friends. C．Parents. D．Instruments. 6．According to the passage, if Daniel is creative, what may be found in his playlist? A．Rock. B．Country music. C．Jazz. D．Classical music. 7．What may be the writer’s advice for us? A．Changing our personalities. B．Trying different types of music. C．Doing experiments with friends. D．Getting more learning experiences. 8．What is the main idea of the passage? A．How different cultures influence you. B．What your playlist says about you. C．What songs we can choose to enjoy. D．Why there are different musical styles. 【答案】5—8 ACBB 【解析】本文通过一项全球实验，探讨了音乐偏好与人格特质之间的关联，并指出音乐品味还受成长环境、社交圈等因素影响，最后鼓励人们尝试多样化的音乐风格。 5．细节理解题。根据第一段“The results show that personalities do influence what we listen to.”（可知，人格是主要影响因素。故选A。 6．推理判断题。根据表格Jazz部分“Fans of this strong music always come up with new ideas and are good at learning.”（爵士乐迷常产生新想法）可知，创造力强的人可能喜欢爵士乐。故选C。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段“And enjoying different types of music lets you get a taste of cultures you might not have experienced before. So experiment with your playlist!”可知，作者建议尝试不同音乐类型。故选B。 8．主旨大意题。根据“The results show that personalities do influence what we listen to. Here’s what certain musical styles say about who you are.”可知，全文围绕“音乐偏好反映人格特质”展开，B项“你的歌单反映了你的性格”最能概括全文。故选B。 Passage 2 （2024·山东淄博·中考真题） Elise and Mei Lin were neighbors and classmates. They were good friends and would always spend time together. One day, they attended a school camp. They took part in a treasure hunt for the first time and decided to win. During the camp, Mrs. Tan, their teacher, held a briefing (简介) for all the teams. 9 They were busy talking about how to win the hunt. After the briefing, each team was given ten minutes to fix their plans before setting off. Elise and Mei Lin argued about whose plan was better. After the ten minutes was up, they still could not decide and went to look for the treasure without having a plan. 10 When they realized they were losing, Elise and Mei Lin got upset and started blaming (指责) each other. “You didn’t collect the map!” Mei Lin shouted. “You didn’t listen carefully to the instructions during the briefing,” Elise argued. Mrs. Tan saw them arguing and advised, “ 11 ” After hearing that, they felt stupid and began working together as a team. Even though they did not win the treasure hunt, they learned that working together as a team was more important than winning. 12 Mrs. Tan was pleased that the girls had learned a valuable lesson. A．Finally, they found the treasure and won the hunt. B．Elise and Mei Lin didn’t pay attention. C．Good friends should be working together instead of quarreling (争吵). D．As a result, they could not find any treasure. E．For the rest of the camp, they worked together and enjoyed each other’s company. 【答案】9—12 BDCE 【解析】本文通过讲述Elise和Mei Lin在参加学校组织的露营活动过程中发生的事，强调了好朋友之间要彼此陪伴和信任，明白团队合作的重要性。 9．根据“They were busy talking about how to win the hunt.”可知，这里的“They”应该是指Elise和Mei Lin两人；再结合第三段两人争吵时Elise说的“You didn’t listen carefully to the instructions during the briefing,”可知，在老师介绍规则的时候两人并没有仔细听。B选项“Elise和Mei Iin没注意听。”符合语境。故选B。 10．根据“After the ten minutes was up, they still could not decide ... without having a plan.”以及“When they realized they were losing, Elise and Mei Lin got upset ...”可知，Elise和Mei Lin两人各执己见，没有形成一致的计划，最终输掉了寻宝比赛。D选项“结果，她们没有找到任何宝藏。”符合语境。故选D。 11．根据“Mrs. Tan saw them arguing and advised”可知，看到互为好朋友的两人因比赛输赢而不断地埋怨对方，老师就教导她们。C选项“好朋友应该共同合作而不是争吵。”符合语境。故选C。 12．根据“Even though they did not win the treasure hunt, they learned that ... was more important than winning.”可知，Elise和Mei Lin虽然没有找到宝藏，但是她们却收获了更宝贵的东西——团队合作。E选项“在营地的剩余时光里，她们共同合作，享受彼此的陪伴。”符合语境。故选E。 模拟演练 Passage 1 To live a better life, everyone needs friends. Do you have lots of friends? What do you 1 friends and friendship? And are they very important to you? Some of your friends may have different views and interests, while some like doing the same 2 as you. Do you like the friends different from you 3 the same as you? You may like the friends who 4 the same interests as you. But I don’t really care. I have two good friends. Who are they? They are Peter and James. Peter is 5 me. I am a quiet boy, and Peter is also quiet. We 6 enjoy reading books and surfing the Internet. At weekends, we often go to the library or 7 on the computer together. But James is very different from us. He likes playing ball games, and he is more athletic (擅长运动的) than us. He is 8 more outgoing. He likes talking and often makes 9 laugh. Both of the two friends make me feel happy in my life. You see, friends are not 10 to be the same. Do you agree with me? Who is your best friend? Could you say something about him or her? 1．A．talk about B．think of C．thanks for D．look at 2．A．interests B．views C．things D．habits 3．A．or B．and C．until D．but 4．A．are B．have C．show D．get 5．A．like B．as C．for D．with 6．A．all B．each C．both D．some 7．A．watch B．teach C．bring D．play 8．A．a few B．few C．a lot D．little 9．A．him B．her C．them D．us 10．A．important B．necessary C．difficult D．different 【答案】1—5 BCABA 6—10 CDCDB 【解析】本文探讨友谊的重要性，描述作者与两位性格迥异的朋友相处的方式，说明朋友不必相同也能带来快乐。 1．句意：你怎样评价朋友和友谊？talk about谈论；think of认为，想到；thank for因……而感谢；look at看。根据下文“And are they very important to you? Some of your friends may have different views and interests,”可知，此处指“你怎样评价朋友和友谊”。故选B。 2．句意：你的一些朋友可能有不同的观点和兴趣，而有些人喜欢和你做一样的事情。interests兴趣；views观点；things事；habits习惯。根据“doing”可知，此处指“一些朋友喜欢做和你同样的事情”。故选C。 3．句意：你喜欢和你不同的朋友还是和你一样的朋友？or或者，表示选择关系；and和，表示顺承和递进关系；until直到……为止，引导时间状语从句；but但是，表示转折关系。根据“Do you like the friends different from you…the same as you?”可知，此处是选择关系。故选A。 4．句意：你可能喜欢和你有同样兴趣的朋友。are是；have有；show展示；get获得。根据“the same interests as you”可知，此处指“和你有相同兴趣”。故选B。 5．句意：彼得像我。like像；as作为；for为了；with和。根据下文“I am a quiet boy, and Peter is also quiet.”可知，彼得像“我”，be like“像”。故选A。 6．句意：我们都喜欢看书和上网。all都，三者及三者以上；each每一个；both两者都；some一些。根据上文“I am a quiet boy, and Peter is also quiet.”可知，此处指作者和彼得两个人都喜欢读书和上网，表示“两个都”用both。故选C。 7．句意：周末，我们经常一起去图书馆或玩电脑。watch看；teach教；bring带来；play玩。根据“on the computer together”可知，此处填play，表示“玩电脑”。故选D。 8．句意：他要外向得多。a few一点儿，修饰可数名词复数；few几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数；a lot修饰形容词比较级；little几乎没有，修饰不可数名词。根据“more outgoing”可知，此处修饰形容词比较级，应用a lot。故选C。 9．句意：他喜欢说话，经常逗我们笑。him他；her她；them他们；us我们。根据上文“But James is very different from us.”可知，此处指“逗我们笑”，应用us。故选D。 10．句意：你看，朋友不必相同。important重要的；necessary必要的；difficult困难的；different不同的。根据上文作者列举了他的朋友和他的不同之处，此处指“朋友不必相同”。故选B。 Passage 2 ①Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. “Nothing special,” she answered. ②How was it possible, I asked myself, to walk through the woods and see nothing special? I who cannot see find hundreds of things to interest me only through touch. If I can get so much pleasure from touch, how much more beauty must be found by sight (视力)? And I have imagined what I should most like to see if I could see for just three days. ③On the first day, I should want to see the people who have made my life worth (值得) living and the books which have been read to me. In the afternoon, I should take a walk in the woods and enjoy the beauties of nature. That night, I should not be able to sleep. ④On my second day, I should go to the museums to see man’s progress. I should try to explore spirits of man from his art. In the evening, I should spend at the movies. ⑤The third day, I should spend in the world of common people going about the business of life. At midnight permanent (永久的) night would close in on me again, and I should realize how much I had left unseen. ⑥I who can’t see can give one suggestion to those who see: Use your eyes as if ▲ . The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow. Smell the flowers, as if tomorrow you could never smell again... But of all the senses, I’m sure that sight must be the most pleasant. (Adapted from “Three Days to See” by Helen Keller) 1．What makes the writer start imagining the three days? A．Watching a movie. B．Reading fun books. C．Walking in the woods. D．Touching new things. 2．Which sentence can be put in the ▲ ? A．tomorrow you would not walk B．tomorrow you could not see C．yesterday you couldn’t see D．yesterday you could leave 3．Which of the following sayings may the writer agree with (赞同)? A．Pleasant times fly fast. B．Time is everything for us all. C．Thank for what you have and enjoy every moment. D．Tomorrow is yours as long as you get ready for it. 4．Which of the following best shows the structure of this passage? A． B． C． D． 【答案】1—4 CBCB 【解析】本文改编自海伦·凯勒的《假如给我三天光明》，介绍了海伦想象自己如果只使用眼睛三天会做的事情，由此告诉我们应该活在当下，感激你所拥有的一切。 1．细节理解题。根据“Recently, I asked a seeing friend who had just walked in the woods what she had noticed. ‘Nothing special,’ she answered.”可知，作者因朋友在树林中没有注意到特别的东西而开始想象三天的生活。故选C。 2．推理判断题。根据“Use your eyes as if ▲. The same is true of other senses. Hear the songs of birds, as if you would be deaf tomorrow.”可知，听鸟儿的歌声，仿佛明天你就会听不到了，故推测出空处应该是建议用眼睛去看，就像明天将失去视力一样，故选B。 3．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文介绍了海伦想象自己如果只使用眼睛三天会做的事情，由此告诉我们应该活在当下，感激你所拥有的一切。故选C。 4．篇章结构题。文章第一段是作者问朋友的话以及朋友的回答；第二段介绍作者想象自己只使用眼睛三天最想看到的是什么；第三段到第五段分别讲述了这三天做的事情；最后一段作总结，作者给无残疾人士一些建议。结构如B选项所示，故选B。 Passage 3 Everyone needs friends. There is an old saying, “Friends are God’s way of taking care of us”. But how do you find real friendship and keep it? Different people have different ideas. Some famous writers write many books which give us a lot of advice, such as Sally Seaman, an American writer. She tells young students some smart ways to find friends. Sally says finding friendship is just like planting a tree. You plant the seed (种子) and take care of it to make it grow. First, you should choose a friend. What makes a good friend? It is not because a person has money or good looks. A good friend should be kind and patient. For example, if you have a bad day, a good friend should listen to your complaints (抱怨) and do his or her best to help you. Second, to make a friend, you cannot be too shy. You should make each other happy and share your lives. But things cannot always be happy. Even the best friends have scraps. What should you do when you have a scrap with your friend? You have to talk to him or her. When there is no one around, have an honest talk. If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you can write a letter. Tell your friend how you are feeling. Tell your friend what he or she has done wrong and explain why you do this or that. Remember that friendship is one of the most important things in your life. 1．Sally wants to tell students the way to ________. A．find friends B．plant trees C．get happy D．keep healthy 2．A good friend should ________. A．be lovely and cool B．be kind and patient C．have lots of money D．have good looks 3．The underlined word “scraps” means ________ in Chinese. A．交谈 B．吃饭 C．吵架 D．区别 4．The best title of this passage is “________”. A．Teenagers and Friendship B．The Good Friends around you C．The Trouble of Growing up D．The Care and Keeping of Friends 【答案】1—4 ABCD 【解析】本文主要讲述了什么是真正的友谊以及如何找到和保持这种友谊。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段“She tells young students some smart ways to find friends.”可知，Sally想告诉学生们找到朋友的方法。故选A。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段“A good friend should be kind and patient (有耐心的).”可知，好朋友应该友善和有耐心。故选B。 3．词义猜测题。根据第二段“But things cannot always be happy.”可知，最好的朋友之间并非总是很开心；结合第二段“You have to talk to him or her...If he or she doesn’t want to talk, you can write a letter. Tell your friend how you are feeling. Tell your friend what he or she has done wrong and explain why you do this or that.”可知，后文提到怎样化解朋友之间的矛盾，所以此处应表示朋友之间会争吵，会产生矛盾。结合选项可推知，scraps应该意为“吵架”。故选C。 4．标题归纳题。根据第一段“But how do you find real friendship and keep it?”并通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了什么是真正的友谊以及如何找到和保持这种友谊。因此，选项D“对朋友的关心和维护”是最佳标题。故选D。 Passage 4       ① When we face difficulty, good friends are there to help us through the hard times. They will be there to talk us through it with their calm, wise words and friendly encouragement. Even if you don’t find the solution right away, at least they provide a shoulder for you to cry on before taking action. We all know a friend in need is a friend indeed. However, who can be our friends? ② “What! You, too? I thought I was the only one.” Have you ever said this to someone? If so, you may have ended up becoming friends with this person. It seems that similarity often helps people make friends. A Greek philosopher (哲学家) once said, “Friendship is a matter of similarity. We love those who are like ourselves.” ③ There is some science behind this idea. Scientists from the University of California said friends have similar brains. Scientists invited 42 university students to take part in science research. Each student watched the same set of videos, which included a comedy, a talk show and a soccer match. Meanwhile, scientists scanned (扫描) their brains and recorded their brain activity. ④ According to their scans, friends who watched the same videos reacted (反应) in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains reacted while watching the videos, especially parts that are about learning and memory. However, people who weren’t friends had different reactions to the same videos. ⑤ “Having similar close friends may be useful because it reinforces one’s own values, opinions and interests.” A scientist in the research said. ⑥ But brain similarity is not the only thing that can influence friendship. There are many other factors (因素) we should think about. For example, friends should help and respect each other. Recently, scientists from a University in Germany found something unusual. They discovered friendship also depends on how physically close you are to someone. They did research with first-year college students in the university. They found students who sat close to each other became friends more easily and it was easier for them to keep the friendship. That is quite different from what we have known for years. 1．What can we learn from the passage about friendship? A．Similar parts of friends’ brains reacted while watching the same videos. B．People who aren’t friends have the same reactions to the same videos. C．Brain similarity is the only thing that can influence friendship. D．How close you are to someone has nothing to do with making friends. 2．What does the underlined word “reinforce” mean? A．控制 B．减弱 C．加强 D．放任 3．Which of the following shows the structure of this passage? (①=Para. 1, ②=Para. 2, ③=Para. 3, ④=Para. 4, ⑤=Para. 5, ⑥=Para. 6) A． B． C． D． 4．What’s the writer’s main purpose in writing the passage? A．To encourage people to make more friends. B．To share factors which influence friendship. C．To explain what the similarities of friendship are. D．To show the importance of the similarity in friend-making. 【答案】1—4 ACAB 【解析】本文主要是关于成为朋友的因素。 1．细节理解题。根据“According to their scans, friends who watched the same videos reacted in similar ways. Similar parts of their brains reacted while watching the videos, especially parts that are about learning and memory”可知，在观看相同的视频时，他们大脑中相似的部分会做出反应。故选A。 2．词义猜测题。根据“Having similar close friends may be useful because it reinforces one’s own values, opinions and interests”以及“But brain similarity is not the only thing that can influence friendship.”可知，如果一些人有相似的朋友，这会对价值观、观点和兴趣有影响，而且是正向影响，也就是有加强作用。reinforce应表示“加强”，故选C。 3．篇章结构题。第①段提出问题“谁能成为我们的朋友？”；②-⑤段是关于相似的人会成为朋友；第⑥段关于成为朋友的其他因素，与段落②-⑤是并列关系，共同回答了第①段的问题。故选项A的结构正确。故选A。 4．推理判断题。本文主要是关于成为朋友的几个因素，并未提及鼓励别人多交朋友，所以作者写作目的是分享影响友谊的因素。故选B。 Passage 5 Too many people want others to be their friends, but they don’t give friendships back. That is why some friendships don’t last very long. 1 You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you. Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules: be honest; be generous; be understanding. Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another. If you don’t tell the truth, people usually find out. If a friend finds out that you haven’t been honest, you may lose your friend’s trust. 2 Generosity means sharing, and sharing makes a friendship grow. You don’t have to give your lunch money or your clothes, of course. Instead, you have to learn how to share things you enjoy, like your hobbies and interests. Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. 3 They tell your friend what is important to you. By sharing them you help your friend know you better. Sooner or later, everyone needs understanding and help with a problem. Something may go wrong at school. Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve. 4 So to be a friend, you  must listen and understand. You must try to put yourself in your friend’s place so you can understand the problem better. 5 But all true friendships have three things in common. If you plan to keep your friendships, you must be honest, be generous and be understanding. A．To have a friend, you must learn to be a friend. B．A friend will never forget you. C．No two friendships are ever exactly similar. D．Turning to a friend can be the first step in solving the problem. E．These can be valuable to a friend. F．Good friends always trust one another to speak and act honestly. 【答案】1—5 AFEDC 【解析】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了如何维持友谊的三个规则：诚实、慷慨和理解。 1．根据文章第一段“You must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you.”可知，要想拥有朋友，必须先学会如何做朋友。选项A“要拥有朋友，你得先学会成为别人的朋友。”符合语境。故填A。 2．根据文章第二段“Honesty is where a good friendship starts. Friends must be able to trust one another.”可知，好朋友之间应该始终信任彼此的言行。选项F“好朋友总是互相信任，言行诚实。”符合语境。故填F。 3．根据文章第三段“Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings… They tell your friend what is important to you.”可知，这些对朋友来说是有价值的。选项E“这些对朋友而言可能是很珍贵的。”符合语境。故填E。 4．根据文章第四段“Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve.”可知，向朋友求助可能是解决问题的第一步。选项D“向朋友求助可能是解决问题的第一步。”符合语境。故填D。 5．根据文章最后一段“But all true friendships have three things in common.”可知，没有两段友谊是完全相同的，但核心原则一致。选项C“没有两段友谊是完全相同的。”符合语境。故填C。 Passage 6 Have you heard of (听说) dazi? Have you ever found a dazi? These days, finding a dazi is becoming popular with Chinese young people. A dazi is a person we eat with, study with, exercise with or take a trip with, but we haven’t known him or her before. The dazi culture is about finding the right person to do the right activity with. Xiaoyue, a young woman from Ningxia, has met many dazi because of her love for basketball and biking. Having a dazi not only gives her company (陪伴) but also helps her enjoy sports more. These dazi relationships are very different from close friendships. As for close friends, we need to stay in close contact. With a dazi, you don’t have to do so. Many dazi may not meet again after a trip or a game together. So, many people believe having a dazi makes their social life easier and more comfortable. Finding a dazi shows that Chinese young people want clearer boundaries (界限) in their social relationships. Dazi will not talk or ask a lot about their personal lives. And they hope these relationships can let them share their hobbies and interests, or that they can help them to improve themselves. Although finding a dazi has many good points, we should be careful and put our safety first. 1．How does the writer start the passage? A．By telling a story. B．By asking questions. C．By giving numbers. D．By giving an example. 2．How might Xiaoyue describe having a dazi? A．Serious. B．Difficult. C．Enjoyable. D．Meaningless. 3．What does the underlined word “so” in Paragraph 3 refer to? A．Having a social life. B．Playing games together. C．Staying in close contact. D．Talking about personal life. 4．Why do Chinese young people like to find a dazi? ①To improve themselves. ②To share their hobbies and interests. ③To save time and money. ④To have boundaries in their social relationships. A．①②③ B．①②④ C．①③④ D．②③④ 5．What’s the best title for the passage? A．Some stories of dazi B．How we find a dazi C．Dazi: special close friends D．Dazi: a new popular culture 【答案】1—5 BCCBD 【解析】本文介绍了“搭子”这一新兴的文化现象，解释了其定义、与亲密友谊的区别、受年轻人欢迎的原因以及相关注意事项。 1．细节理解题。根据“Have you heard of dazi? Have you ever found a dazi?”两个问题开头，通过提问引出主题。故选B。 2．推理判断题。根据第二段“Having a dazi not only gives her company but also helps her enjoy sports more.”可知，小月认为搭子带来陪伴且让她更享受运动，Enjoyable符合语境。故选C。 3．词句猜测题。根据前文“As for close friends, we need to stay in close contact.”可知，so指代 “保持密切联系”，搭子无需如此。故选C。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段“want clearer boundaries in their social relationships” ，“share their hobbies and interests”， “help them to improve themselves”可知，①②④正确，文中未提及“节省时间和金钱”。故选B。 5．最佳标题题。文章围绕“搭子”文化的定义、特点及影响展开，强调其作为流行文化现象的属性，选项D“搭子：一种新兴流行文化”最能概括全文。故选D。 2 原创精品资源学科网独家享有版权，侵权必究！ 1 / 22 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $