Unit 3 Section Ⅱ Understanding ideas-【新课程能力培养】2025-2026学年高中英语选择性必修第四册学习手册（外研版）

Unit3 The world meets China SectionⅡ Understanding ideas 学习目标 1.精读文章，了解敦煌的历史与现在。 2.掌握导游词这种语篇类型的基本特征和说明顺序。 单词 必备 peak strengthen scholar statue religious 知识 cover an area of...in detail vary from...to...bring...to life thanks to date from 短语 to name just a few get a better view 关键能力 读 换景，带领游客参观了莫高窟，介绍了莫高 文脉梳理 窟中一些著名洞窟的开凿、敦煌壁画的内 该板块呈现了一篇体现单元主题的课 容、藏经洞的发现与意义，以及敦煌如何在 文，语篇类型为导游词。课文为导游在莫高： “一 带一路”倡议下重焕新生。本文不仅要 窟现场的解说词。课文中的导游先概述了敦 理解内容，而且应该深入探究主题意义，锻 煌在古代中外贸易中的重要位置，然后移步 炼思维能力，体悟家国情怀并拥有全球视野。 Main idea of each part Content Location:Gansu Province Significance: VUNESCO-protected heritage sites. Para.1-2 71. Dunhuang's great his- V2. tory and its present-day Caves in Mogao Grottoes status. VThe caves were carved out of the rock 3. Statues VThe statues include elements from 4. Murals VCoverage:5. VTopics:6. Para.3-5 Apsaras Dunhuang's tourist att- VAlso called 7. they represent 8. ractions such as murals VApsaras painted during the Tang Dynasty are a reflection of the 9. and the Library Cave. during that time. Library Cave VDiscovered inside were 10. VThese give us 11. 学(35 高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版） 续表 Main idea of each part Content Para.6 The Belt and Road Initiative is bring- Dunhuang has once again become 12. ing Dunhuang to life once more. and Iran.Now look around the walls of the 品鉴语言 cave.5. (请靠近一点， 在完成汉译英的过程中，体验和感悟文 这样你就可以看得更清楚).Look at them! 章中语言表达的准确、生动与细腻。 The murals 6. (面积有 WELCOME TO DUNHUANG! 45000平方米，非常惊人). Welcome to Dunhuang!On the old Silk The subjects of the Dunhuang murals Road,this city was the gateway to and from 7 (从宗教故事到日常 Ancient China,1. (东 生活，场景各不相同).But one type of mu- 西方交汇的地方)，and a green island in the: ral that is unique to Dunhuang shows the Ap- middle of the desert.You can only imagine saras,or“Flying Immortals'”,Representa- how travellers felt when they saw the oasis of tions of these heavenly musicians,singers and Dunhuang ahead of them. dancers decorate the walls of many caves.Take Dunhuang's long and glorious history a look at this mural.The Apsaras 8. 2. (展现了它作为文化 (被描绘成在蔚蓝天空中飞 和商业往来中心的重要性).Today,.Dun- 舞)，with their scarves flying,g. huang is a world-class tourist destination (仿佛她们即将飞下来迎接我 3. (拥有受联合国教科 )And here is another one.10. 文组织保护的文化遗产).Now,we are go- (请走到这里，你可以看到更多 ing to enter some of the city's famous caves, 细节).The Apsaras are holding lotuses, of which there are more than 700.Known as 11. (演奏乐器）， the Mogao Grottoes these ancient caves were dancing and throwing flowers.The painting carved out of the rock over a period of 1,000 of Apsaras 12. (在唐 years.If you look up,you can see the pain- 朝达到了顶峰)；these images are full of life,. tings and other artworks 4. 13. (反映了当时人们 (见证了丝绸之路是如何将东西方： 的自信、乐观)· 连接在一起的).Look at these statues！You Now,something really extraordinary hap- can see elements from Ancient Greece,India pened in 1900,when 14. 36)学 Unit 3 The world meets China (一位道士的发现，成了20世纪最重大的发 come a global crossroads since it 24. 现之一）.In a sealed cave,now known as the (接待了数百名代表)from famous Library Cave,were hidden thousands over 51 countries for the Silk Road Interna- of manuscripts,paintings and scrolls,as well tional Cultural Expo in 2017.25. as silk embroideries.We'll have a chance to (考虑到博览会的主题是促进文化 see some of them shortly-the Library Cave 交流，加强相互合作)between the countries is15. (离这里很近)· along the Silk Road,Dunhuang was the ideal 16. (追溯到405年至 place. lOO2年间)，these hidden treasures give us a Now let's move on to the next cave... picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very 重点知识 centre of the Silk Road trade.17. (多亏这个古老的图书馆)，we 1.vary.(根据情况)变化，变更，改变 now know that goods arrived in Dunhuang (1)vary with随…而变化 from as far away as North-east Europe,and vary from不同于. that goods were also exported from Dunhuang vary in在…方面不同/有差异 across Asia and Europe.The scrolls are so de- vary from.to.由…到…不等/不同 tailed that they 18. (描 The students'work varies considerably in 述了敦煌进出口的各种商品)，such as ce- quality. ramics,medicine,perfumes and fruit,19. 学生作业的质量相当地参差不齐。 (仅举几个例子).The The menu varies with the season. scrolls also reveal how many different commu- 菜单随季节而变动。 nities lived side-by-side within this great city. (2) variety n.变化；多样性；种类 However,the reason why the Library Cave a variety of=-varieties of各种各样的 was sealed up all those years ago 20. 注意：a variety of/varieties of后接复数 （至今仍是个谜) 名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式： In the Ming Dynasty,trade routes changed the variety of后接复数名词作主语时， and Dunhuang was 21. 谓语动词用单数形式。 (不像以前那样繁华).Gradually,it22, (3) various ad山.各种各样的；不同的 (渐渐淡出了人们的记忆)， for various reasons由于种种原因 even though it was once such a great city. (4)variously ad.以各种方式；不同地 This century is 23. 写牛刀小试 (为丝绸之路带来新生)through the Belt and 1With the development of economy,there are Road Initiative.Dunhuang has once again be- of goods in stores, from 学 37 高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版） daily groceries to luxury goods,which is to the ties with the people greatly enriches people's life.In addition, around us. the goods with the season in ②伟大的决心和雄心是他最大的优点。 and quantity. ②价格的变化通常随供应和需求的变化而 ③一种观，点就是睡眠有助于加强新的记忆。 变化。 参考译文 ③这家餐厅的食物种类有限，但每道菜的分 量都相当大。 欢迎来到敦煌 欢迎来到敦煌！这座城市坐落在古丝绸 ④我非常喜欢阅读，尤其是故事书，从中文 之路上，曾经是古代中国的门户、东西方交 故事到英文故事。 汇的地方，也是沙海中的绿岛。你可以想 象，当旅行者们看到敦煌绿洲就在眼前时， 2.strengthen.加强；增强；巩固 他们的感受将会是怎样的。 Yoga can be used to strengthen the immune 敦煌悠久而辉煌的历史展现了它作为文 system 化和商业往来中心的重要性。敦煌现在是世 瑜伽能增强人体免疫系统。 界级旅游胜地，拥有受联合国教科文组织保 (1)strength n.体力，力气；长处，优势； 护的文化遗产。敦煌有700多个洞窟，现在 力量：毅力 我们将要参观其中几个著名的洞窟。这些古 strengths and weaknesses优势和劣势 老的洞窟被称为莫高窟，是1000多年前在 build up one's strength增强体质 岩石上雕刻而成的。你抬起头就可以看见壁 have the strength to do sth.有做某事的 画和其他艺术品，它们见证了丝绸之路是如 力量 何将东西方连接在一起的。看看这些塑像！ with all one's strength竭尽全力 你可以从中发现古希腊、古印度和古伊朗的 (2)strong ad山.强壮的；坚强的 元素。现在我们来看看洞窟四周的墙壁，请 strongly ad.强烈地；坚固地；强有： 靠近一点，这样你就可以看得更清楚。看看 力地 这些壁画！它们的面积有45000平方米，非 国牛刀小试 常惊人。 ①We feel that many factors deter- 敦煌壁画的主题多样，从宗教故事到日 mine whether we can succeed in our life 常生活，场景各不相同。但是，有一种壁画 and careers,including a body and 是敦煌独有的，画的是飞天，也就是“飞 a good personality.Knowing our. is 仙”。很多洞窟的墙壁上都画着天上的乐师、 also very important..But the most important:歌者和舞者。我们看这幅壁画，这些飞天被 38)学 Unit 3 The world meets China 描绘成在蔚蓝天空中飞舞，她们帔巾飘飘，：出口的各种商品，例如陶瓷、药品、香料和 仿佛她们即将飞下来迎接我们。再看这幅，：水果。这些卷轴还展示了许多不同的群体是 请走到这里，你可以看到更多细节。你可以：如何共同生活在这座名城中的。然而，藏经 看到飞天手捧莲花、演奏乐器、跳舞、抛：洞为什么在多年以前被密封起来？这至今仍 花。飞天壁画在唐朝达到了顶峰；这些图案 是个谜。 栩栩如生，反映了当时人们的自信、乐观。 明代，贸易路线发生了变化，敦煌也不 1900年发生了一件非同寻常的事，一： 像以前那样繁华了。尽管敦煌曾经是一个如 位道士的发现，成了20世纪最重大的发现此繁华的大城市，但它还是渐渐淡出了人们 之一。在一个封闭的洞窟，也就是现在著名：的记忆。 的藏经洞中，藏了成千上万的手稿、绘画、 21世纪，“一带一路”倡议为丝绸之路 卷轴以及丝绸刺绣。藏经洞离这里很近，我：带来新生。2017年，51个国家的数百名代 们很快将有机会观看其中的一些展品。这些：表齐聚此地，参加丝绸之路国际文化博览 隐藏的宝藏可追溯到405年至1002年间，：会，敦煌再次成为世界的活动中心。考虑到 为我们展现了敦煌作为丝绸之路贸易中心时：博览会的主题是促进文化交流，加强丝绸之 的画面。多亏这个古老的图书馆，我们才得路沿线国家的相互合作，敦煌正是理想的 以了解当时的情况：货物从遥远的欧洲东北：会址。 部抵达敦煌，也从敦煌出口到亚洲和欧洲各 现在让我们去参观下一个洞窟… 地。这些卷轴内容非常详细，描述了敦煌进 学(39高中英语选择性必修第四册（外研版） 重点知识 l.①cooperative②cooperation③to raise 2.①stolen②cheering③to talk④With the old man leading us 5with the trees covered with white snow ⑥With much work to do 3.①burst into tears②with③in 4.①每一次他到家时，我们都会在门口迎接他。 ②每次他们去跳舞，都会不欢而散。 Section V Presenting ideas 例文鉴赏 1.Oliver Twist(《雾都孤儿》)：Oliver Twist is one of Charles Dickens's best-known works.It was the first of the author's works to realistically describe the impoverished London underworld and to illustrate his belief that poverty leads to crime.It has been adapted for film several times. Unit 3 The wo Section I Starting out 精听练习 1.route 2.dangerous 3.traded 4.comprised 5.geographer 6.explorations 7.1,700 8.split 9.even- tually 10.crossroads 11.passed 12.compass 13.brought back to life 14.delivered 15.exchanges 16.under- standing 重点知识 1.1We promise to deliver within 48 hours. ②这本书传达了一个重要信息，就是我们应该认真 对待环境问题。 2.①登陆月球开创了太空探索的新纪元 2My teacher organized a unit on space exploration that really sparked my interest. 3.①残疾人占人口的很大一部分。 2The book is comprised of twenty chapters. Section ll Understanding ideas 文脉梳理 1.Long and glorious history 2.A centre of cultural and commercial exchange 3.over a period of 1,000 years 4.Ancient Greece,India and Iran 5.45,000 square me tres 6.From religious stories to scenes of everyday life 7.Flying Immortals 8.heavenly musicians,singers and dancers 9.confidence and optimism of people 10.thou- sands of manuscripts,paintings and scrolls as well as silk embroideries 11.a picture of Dunhuang when it was at the very centre of the Silk Road trade 12.a global cross- roads 94 2.The Analects(《论语》)：The Analects is a collec tion of sayings and ideas attributed to the Chinese philoso- pher Confucius and his followers.It was probably compiled by the succeeding generations of Confucius followers. 3.King Lear(《李尔王》)：King Lear is one of the tragedies written by William Shakespeare.It depicts the aging King Lear decides to divide his kingdom among his three daughters,allotting each a portion in proportion to her declaration of love. 4.Madame Curie:A Biography(《居里夫人传》)： Madame Curie:A Biography is a book about Madame Curie written by Eve Curie.It tells readers in detail the life of Madame Curie.Madame Curie was the first woman to win a Nobel Prize,and she was the only woman to win the award in two different fields. id meets China 品鉴语言 1.a place where East met West 2.represents its sig- nificance as a centre of cultural and commercial exchange 3.boasting sites with UNESCO-protected heritage status 4.that are testimony to how the Silk Road brought East and West together 5.Come a little bit closer so that you can get a better view 6.cover an astonishing area of 45,000 square metres 7.vary from religious stories to scenes of everyday life 8.are depicted sailing in the bright blue sky 9.as if they are about to fly down to meet us 10.Move over here where you can see it in more de- tail 11.playing musical instruments 12.reached a peak during the Tang Dynasty 13.reflecting the confidence and optimism of people from that time 14.a Taoist priest made one of the most important finds of the 20th century 15.only a stone's throw from here 16.Dating from 405 AD to 1002 AD 17.Thanks to this ancient library 18.describe the vast range of goods that were imported and exported from Dunhuang 19.to name just a few 20.re- mains a mystery 21.not as prosperous as it used to be 22.faded from memory 23.bringing the Silk Road to life once more 24.hosted hundreds of representatives 25.Given that the theme of the Expo was to promote cul- tural exchange and strengthen mutual cooperation 重点知识 1.Dvarieties;varying;vary;variety 2Changes in price normally vary with changes of supply and need 3The variety of foods at the restaurant is limited,but the amount of each dish is fairly large.I like reading very much,especially the story books,varying from Chinese sto- ries to English stories 2.1strongly;strong:strength;strengthen 2Great determination and ambition are his great strengths.3One idea is that sleep helps us strengthen new memories. Section ll Using language 重点语法 ①because I am on a tight schedule②as long as we keep it clean and tidy 3in case they need medical assis- tance 4Seeing that he is badly ill 5Next time you go to a Chinese culture exhibition 6before you forget it 7Now that we have get everything ready 8so that he could gain high grades in the exams While I admit that these problems are rather difficult 话题词块 Zhang Qian gave a reliable account of the lands of Central Asia for the Han court. Gan Ying became the first Chinese to get information on Europe. Xuanzang translated volumes of scriptures from San- skrit to Chinese and wrote The Great Tang Dynasty Record of the Western Regions. Jianzhen promoted exchange and understanding be- tween China and Japan. Marco Polo's The Travels of Marco Polo served to bring knowledge of Asia to the West. Zheng He's extensive voyages led to a legacy of cul- tural exchange between China and other countries. 重点知识 1.Daccounts for about 30 percent 2gave a reliable account of 3takes account of 4On no account can 5may have accounted for 2.Daccessible by public transportation 2 keep a Unit 4 Everyo Section I Starting out 精听练习 1.exchange 2.traded 3.widely 4.value 5.salt 6.metal 7.available 8.faster 9.earliest 10.11th 11.trade 12.shapes 13.square 14.belief 15.1,000 16.paper 17.bank 18.13th 19.Europe 20.de- cline 重点知识 1.①in common with②n common with .③In common with 2.①economical②economics 3.1She tried to blank out the embarrassing experi- ence. 2My mind went blank when the teacher called my name. 参考答案。 spare pair of glasses accessible a very accessible artist 4wheelchair accessible toilets 5make Antarctica a lot more accessible 6make it more accessible 精听练习 1.a whole year 2.the Confucius Institute in New York 3.delaying his studies 4.experience life abroad and learn about Western culture 5.the different ages of the students 6.had some difficulty with Chinese characters 7.Chinese costumes 8.enthusiasm 9.became even more proud of China 10.learned more about the world Section IV Developing ideas 文脉梳理 1.amazed 2.especially 3.to translate 4.which 5.to 6.published 7.reading 8.significance 9.when 10.inspiring 重点知识 L.①a prior engagement②have a prior right③a prior arrangement 2.①expose the truth②expose the kids to③Any opportunity to expose children to 4expose themselves to another culture 5expose ourselves to more natural light in the day 6exposing a set of amazingly white teeth Section V Presenting ideas 例文鉴赏 1.She recommended that Jiang should walk through Midtown Manhattan. 2.Broadway district is famous for its cafes,street per- formers and enormous and colorful signs,and especially for its theaters and musicals lay economics Section ll Understanding ideas 文脉梳理 1.purchase the product 2.distribution 3.An ideal place 4.being her own boss 5.her home town 6.in- vestment 7.work for her 8.determination 9.access 10.ambitious 品鉴语言 1.to hide that they were shaking 2.the line of sweat running down her forehead 3.Feeling dizzy 4.struggled to finish her presentation 5.The early bird catches the worm 6.row upon row of rose plants 7.this was some- thing she would end up doing 8.Zhang realised the po- tential 9.experience the freedom of being my own boss 10.It takes a village to raise a child 11.have been bitten