寒假作业05 定语从句（巩固培优）九年级英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 定语从句 定语从句 1.概念： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。 定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句 如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓ 先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句） 2. 关系词的选用： 关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句 which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 The girl that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生 whose 人的，物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书 3、关系词的省略： 关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略 如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。 The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。 4.关系代词只能用that的情况 (1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that 如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember. (2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you? (3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used. (4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read. (5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 5. 关系代词只能用which的情况 1)引导词前有介词 如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。 (2)在非限制性定从中用which, 不用that 如：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(不可用that) 6. 定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．Scientists are studying plants ______ can grow in dry places. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 【答案】C 【详解】句意：科学家们正在研究能在干旱地区生长的植物。 考查定语从句关系代词。先行词plants指物，在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。who指人；whose表示所属；where指地点。故选C。 2．The girl ______ is reading under the tree is my sister. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：正在树下读书的那个女孩是我的妹妹。 考查定语从句。who主格，指人；which指物；whom宾格，指人；what什么。分析句子结构，空格处引导定语从句修饰“the girl”，指的是人，且从句“is reading under the tree”缺少主语，需用主格关系代词“who”。故选A。 3．The book was written by Mo Yan is very popular. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这本由莫言写的书很受欢迎。 考查限定性定语从句的关系词。who谁；which哪个，哪些；whom谁(who的宾格形式)；whose谁的。分析句子可知，“The book”被“… was written by Mo Yan” 修饰，此处是一个限定性定语从句，而且“The book”是指物，不是人，因此此处应填“which”关系词。故选B。 4．I like musicians ________ play different kinds of music. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢演奏不同类型音乐的音乐家。 考查定语从句关系词辨析。which关系代词，指物；whose关系代词，表示所属；who关系代词，指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；whom关系代词，指人，在从句中作宾语。先行词“musicians”是人，且在定语从句“play different kinds of music”中缺少主语，故应用关系代词who。故选C。 5．I like music ________ I can dance to. A．what B．who C．that D．whose 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我喜欢能让我随着跳舞的音乐。 考查定语从句。what什么，常引导名词性从句，不能引导定语从句；who谁，先行词指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；that那个，先行词指人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；whose谁的，先行词指人或物，在从句中作定语表所属关系。根据“I like music…I can dance to.”可知，此处包含一个定语从句，先行词是music，指物。关系词在从句中作介词to的宾语，应用关系代词that或which。故选C。 6．Confucius was a pioneer in education ________ had many wise ideas about human nature. A．whose B．who C．which 【答案】B 【详解】句意：孔子是一位教育领域的先驱，他有许多关于人性的明智思想。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。whose……的；who谁；which哪一个。根据句意，先行词Confucius指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用指人的关系代词who。故选B。 7．I like musicians ________ quiet and slow music. A．which plays B．who play C．which play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我喜欢那些演奏安静和慢音乐的乐手。 考查定语从句关系词。who 指人，在从句中作主语；which 指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；此处先行词musicians是人，故用who；且musicians为复数，从句谓语动词需用动词原形。故选B。 8．The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train ________ connects Xi’an and Hong Kong. A．who B．which C．that 【答案】C 【详解】句意：G828次列车是首列连接西安和香港的直达高速列车。 考查定语从句。who指人，在从句中作主语；which仅指物，在从句中作主语（不可省略）或宾语（可省略）；that可指人或物，在从句中作主语（不可省略）或宾语（可省略）。根据“The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train...connects Xi’an and Hong Kong.”以及选项可知，此空应填入一个关系代词，引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词“direct high-speed train”，并在从句中作主语，指物，所以排除选项A；先行词前有序数词“first”修饰，所以通常用that。故选C。 9．Liu Xiang’s ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping, ________ later became his coach. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 【答案】C 【详解】句意：刘翔的跨栏能力被孙海平注意到了，他后来成为了刘翔的教练。 考查关系代词的用法。what什么；which哪个；who谁；whom谁。根据句子结构，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词“Sun Haiping”，且关系代词在从句中作主语，应用主格形式who。故选C。 10．— Do you still remember the place ________ you visited last year? — Sure! I’ll never forget that place, because I stayed there for almost 10 years. A．which B．when C．whose D．what 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你还记得你去年参观过的那个地方吗？——当然！我永远不会忘记那个地方，因为我在那里待了将近10年。 考查定语从句引导词辨析。which哪一个，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指代物；when什么时候，在定语从句中作时间状语；whose谁的，在定语从句中作定语，修饰名词；what不能引导定语从句。分析句子结构可知，“you visited last year”是定语从句，修饰先行词“the place”，且从句中缺少宾语，所以应该用关系代词which来引导定语从句。故选A。 11．The boy ________ is under the tree and in blue ________ my brother. A．who; is B．whom; is C．which; is D．who; was 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那个在树下穿着蓝色衣服的男孩是我的弟弟。 考查定语从句和主谓一致。who引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作主语；whom引导定语从句，先行词为人，在从句中作宾语；which引导定语从句，先行词为物，在从句中作主语或宾语。分析句子结构可知，第一个空引导定语从句，先行词“The boy”指人，在从句中作主语，所以用who引导；根据“is under the tree”可知，本句描述的是客观事实，第二空时态为一般现在时，所以用is。故选A。 12．—How do you like this comedy? —I think it’s the most interesting program ______ I have ever watched. A．who B．when C．that D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得这部喜剧怎么样？——我认为这是我看过的最有趣的节目。 考查定语从句关系代词辨析。who“谁”在定语从句中指代人；when“当……时”，属于关系副词，在从句中充当状语；that“那个”可以空格指代人或物；which“哪个”在定语从句指代物。空格处需引导定语从句修饰先行词“program”，该先行词指事物且被最高级“the most interesting”修饰，此时关系代词需用that。故选C。 13．—What did you do at the party? —My friend and I talked about the persons and things ________ we could remember. A．that B．who C．what D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你在派对上做了什么？——我和朋友谈论了我们能记住的人和事。 考查定语从句关系代词。先行词是the persons and things，既包括人又包括物，应用关系代词that引导定语从句。who只指人，which只指物，what不引导定语从句。故选A。 14．—Harbin is a city with cold weather and warm people in ________ you can enjoy the most beautiful scenery of ice and snow. —It has been one of the most popular cities since last year. A．that B．who C．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——哈尔滨是一个气候寒冷、人民温暖的城市，在这里你可以欣赏到最美丽的冰雪风光。——自去年以来，它一直是最受欢迎的城市之一。 考查定语从句引导词。that那个；who谁；which哪个。空处位于定语从句中，修饰先行词city，先行词为物，且前面有介词in，此时需要使用关系代词which，构成in which引导的定语从句，相当于where。故选C。 15．The book ________ cover is red is mine. A．whose B．which C．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：封面是红色的那本书是我的。 考查关系代词辨析。whose谁的，表示所有关系；which哪一个；that那个。根据“The book...cover is red is mine.”可知，此处为定语从句，需用所有格关系代词表示“书的封面”，因此用whose引导。故选A。 二、完成句子 16．这里有许多名胜古迹，每年吸引着来自世界各地数以百万计的游客。 There are many places of interest attract from all over the world every year. 【答案】 that/which millions of tourists 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一处缺少引导定语从句的关系词，指物，在从句中作主语，可用that/which；第二处缺少“数以百万计的游客”，millions of“数百万”，tourist“游客”，可数名词，用复数形式。故填that/which；millions；of；tourists。 17．中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。 China is a great country about 5,000 years of history. 【答案】 that/which has 【详解】根据句意及空处可知，缺少“有着”的表达。结合句子结构，这是一个定语从句，a great country是先行词，指物，因此定语从句的引导词可用that/which，指代单数名词country，描述客观事实用一般现在时，谓语动词“有”要用第三人称单数形式has。故填that/which；has。 18．当我累的时候，我喜欢能让我振奋起来的音乐。 When I am tired, I like music can me up. 【答案】 that/which cheer 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“能让…… 振奋起来”的对应表达。第一空引导定语从句修饰music，先行词是物，关系词用that/which；“振奋起来”对应的短语是“cheer up”，情态动词can后接动词原形。故填that/which；cheer。 19．我更喜欢能帮助我在一天的学习之后放松的音乐。 I music helps me relax after a day’s learning. 【答案】 prefer that/which 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空格处表示“更喜欢”和“……的”，“更喜欢”用动词“prefer”，句子描述个人喜好，用一般现在时，主语I是第一人称，动词用原形；该句为定语从句，先行词music，关系代词“that”或“which”，故填prefer；that/which。 20．这首乐曲是由一位出生在无锡的民间音乐家写的。 The music by a folk musician was born in the city of Wuxi. 【答案】 was written who 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，第一空缺少“是由……写的”，需用被动语态“was written”；第二空缺少引导定语从句的关系代词，修饰“a folk musician”，先行词指人且在从句中作主语，应用“who”。故填was；written；who。 21．我更喜欢描写贵州人民生活的故事。 I the stories describe the life of people in Guizhou. 【答案】 prefer that/which 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺“更喜欢”，对应的英文动词是“prefer”，主语是“I”，句子描述当前的喜好，用一般现在时，所以第一空填“prefer”；第二空缺少定语从句的关系词，先行词“the stories”是物，并且在从句中作主语，因此用“that”或“which”来引导定语从句。故填prefer; that/which。 22．作为一个外国人，我喜欢买中国制造的产品。 As a foreigner, I like buying products made in China. 【答案】 that/which are 【详解】分析句子结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词products指物，且在从句中作主语，可用that或which引导；从句主语products是复数，且句子是一般现在时，be动词用are。故填that/which；are。 23．有着坚强意志的人很容易成功。 A man can succeed easily. 【答案】 who has a strong will 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此处缺少“有着坚强意志的”。此部分为修饰主语“A man”的定语，英文中常用定语从句来表达，先行词指人且在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who，从句内容为“has a strong will”。故填who；has；a；strong；will。 24．这是你几天前参观的那个博物馆吗? Is this the museum a few days ago? 【答案】 that/which you visited 【详解】根据句意和所给提示可知，此处考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词是the museum，用that/which代指；定语从句的主语是you“你”；visit动词，“拜访”；根据时间状语a few days ago可知，从句的时态是一般过去时，visit用过去式visited。故填that/which；you；visited。 25．手机是让人们生活更便捷的工具。 Mobile phones are the tools people’s lives easier. 【答案】 which/that/to make 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，空处缺“让”的英文。分析句子成分可知，本句可为定语从句，the tools为先行词，需指物的关系代词which/that；make“使，让”为动词，根据“are”可知，本句时态为一般现在时，the tools为名词复数，动词用原形make；或者空处需动词不定式to make作后置定语，表示工具的功能或用途。故填which/that/to；make。 一、语法选择 “What will happen if one person picks up one piece of rubbish every day? That is such a tiny (细小的) thing. But if everyone does that, imagine 1 clean the world will be!” said Zach Choboter. Choboter is the founder of a nonprofit (非营利) organization for bees. The organization 2 to protect the bee population around the world. Bees 3 an increasing risk in recent years. It’s because there are 4 places for them to live than before and the climate changes a lot. 5 people learn about the dangers that bees face, Choboter did a lot of things. He rollerbladed (滑旱冰) across Canada to draw people to protect bees and even broke a world record. In 2021, it took him 91 days to finish his 10,093-kilometer journey. During 6 research, Choboter knew more about how important bees were to us. “I was learning about bees, and 7 more you learn about something, the more you care about it,” he said. “Bees are amazing. They are like a gift 8 the environment.” He plans to go around the world on rollerblades in 2026. For Choboter, the work 9 his love for bees will continue. Choboter’s story is simple but powerful: small actions 10 make a big difference. We can all protect bees and create a cleaner, healthier world. 1．A．how B．what C．what a 2．A．found B．founded C．was founded 3．A．face B．faced C．have faced 4．A．few B．fewer C．the fewest 5．A．Let B．To let C．Letting 6．A．he B．his C．him 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．as B．with C．for 9．A．and B．but C．or 10．A．must B．need C．can 【答案】 1．A 2．C 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．C 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文通过Zach Choboter的故事，倡导从小事做起保护环境，并强调蜜蜂对生态的重要性。 1．句意：但如果每个人都这么做，想象一下世界会多么干净！ how多么；what什么；what a多么（用于可数名词单数）。根据“But if everyone does that, imagine ... clean the world will be!”可知，“clean”是形容词，需用“how”修饰。故选A。 2．句意：该组织是为了保护全球蜜蜂数量而成立的。 found发现；founded建立（过去式）；was founded被建立。根据“The organization ... to protect the bee population around the world.”可知，组织是“被建立”，用被动语态。故选C。 3．句意：近年来，蜜蜂面临着越来越大的风险。 face面临；faced面临（过去式）；have faced面临（现在完成时）。根据“Bees ... an increasing risk in recent years.”可知，“in recent years”是现在完成时标志。故选C。 4．句意：这是因为它们的栖息地比以前更少了，而且气候变化很大。 few少的；fewer更少的；the fewest最少的。根据“It’s because there are ... places for them to live than before and the climate changes a lot.”可知，“than before”是比较级标志。故选B。 5．句意：为了让人们了解蜜蜂面临的危险，乔博特做了很多事。 Let让；To let为了让；Letting让（现在分词）。根据“... people learn about the dangers that bees face, Choboter did a lot of things.”可知，此处表目的，用不定式。故选B。 6．句意：在他的研究中，乔博特更清楚地认识到蜜蜂对我们有多么重要。 he他；his他的；him他（宾格）。根据“During ... research, Choboter knew more about how important bees were to us.”可知，修饰“research”用形容词性物主代词。故选B。 7．句意：“我在了解蜜蜂，而你对某件事了解得越多，就越关心它，” 他说。 a一个（用于辅音音素开头的单词前）；an一个（用于元音音素开头的单词前）；the这个（定冠词）。根据“I was learning about bees, and ... more you learn about something, the more you care about it”可知，“the more...the more...”是固定结构。故选C。 8．句意：它们就像是给环境的一份礼物。 as作为；with和；for为了。根据“They are like a gift ... the environment.”可知，“a gift for...”表示“给……的礼物”。故选C。 9．句意：对乔博特来说，这份工作和他对蜜蜂的热爱将继续下去。 and和；but但是；or或者。根据“For Choboter, the work ... his love for bees will continue.”可知，“work”与“love”是并列关系。故选A。 10．句意：乔博特的故事简单却有力量：小行动可以带来大改变。 must必须；need需要；can可以。根据“Choboter’s story is simple but powerful: small actions ... make a big difference.”可知，此处表“能够”。故选C。 二、完形填空 Electric cars (EVs) are becoming more popular around the world. Many countries are encouraging people to drive EVs because they can help 11 pollution. These cars do not run on petrol; instead, they use batteries that need to be 12 by electricity. One of the biggest 13 of electric cars is that they are much cleaner than traditional cars. Since they do not use petrol, EVs produce 14 pollution. This makes them a 15 choice for people who care about the environment. However, there are still some 16 with electric cars. First, they can be expensive to buy. Second, charging the battery takes time, and 17 charging stations may not be available everywhere. Some people worry about how far an EV can travel before running out of power. Despite these challenges, many car companies are working hard to 18 better batteries and charging technology. In the future, electric cars may 19 petrol cars completely. More people are choosing EVs now, which is a 20 sign for our planet! 11．A．increase B．reduce C．create D．cause 12．A．charged B．mixed C．protected D．designed 13．A．problems B．challenges C．advantages D．suggestions 14．A．more B．less C．heavier D．worse 15．A．popular B．serious C．useless D．boring 16．A．benefits B．dangers C．troubles D．difficulties 17．A．safe B．beautiful C．public D．secret 18．A．invent B．imagine C．enjoy D．test 19．A．replace B．follow C．destroy D．leave 20．A．good B．sad C．strange D．useless 【答案】 11．B 12．A 13．C 14．B 15．A 16．D 17．C 18．A 19．A 20．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了电动汽车的优缺点，以及其未来的发展前景。 11．句意：许多国家鼓励人们驾驶电动汽车，因为它们有助于减少污染。 increase增加；reduce减少；create创造；cause导致。根据“Electric cars are becoming more popular”及环保逻辑可知，电动汽车能“减少”污染，故选B。 12．句意：这些汽车不使用汽油；相反，它们使用需要用电充电的电池。 charged充电；mixed混合；protected保护；designed设计。根据“batteries”和“by electricity”可知，电池需要被“充电”，故选A。 13．句意：电动汽车最大的优点之一是它们比传统汽车干净得多。 problems问题；challenges挑战；advantages优点；suggestions建议。根据“much cleaner than traditional cars”可知，这是电动汽车的“优点”，故选C。 14．句意：由于不使用汽油，电动汽车产生的污染更少。 more更多；less更少；heavier更重；worse更糟。结合“do not use petrol”，电动汽车污染“更少”，故选B。 15．句意：这使它们成为关心环境的人的热门选择。 popular受欢迎的；serious严肃的；useless无用的；boring无聊的。根据“ choice for people who care about the environment”可知，电动汽车是“受欢迎的” 选择，故选A。 16．句意：然而，电动汽车仍然存在一些困难。 benefits好处；dangers危险；troubles麻烦；difficulties困难。根据后文“expensive to buy”, “charging takes time”等，这些是电动汽车的“困难”，故选D。 17．句意：其次，给电池充电需要时间，而且公共充电站可能不是随处可见。 safe安全的；beautiful美丽的；public公共的；secret秘密的。根据“charging stations may not be available everywhere”，此处指“公共”充电站不是随处可见的，故选C。 18．句意：尽管存在这些挑战，许多汽车公司仍在努力研发更好的电池和充电技术。 invent发明；imagine想象；enjoy享受；test测试。根据“better batteries and charging technology”，企业是“研发”新技术，故选A。 19．句意：未来，电动汽车可能会完全取代汽油车。 replace取代；follow跟随；destroy破坏；leave离开。结合环保趋势，电动汽车会“取代”汽油车，故选A。 20．句意：现在更多的人选择电动汽车，这对我们的星球来说是一个好迹象！ good好的；sad难过的；strange奇怪的；useless无用的。根据“sign for our planet”可知，开电车具有环保意义，这是“好的”迹象，故选A。 三、阅读理解 Technology has changed our lives in many ways, and one of the most exciting developments is artificial intelligence (AI). While many people think AI is mostly for young people, it is actually helping elderly individuals live more comfortably and independently. Many elderly people struggle with daily activities, like remembering to take medicine, moving around easily, or staying in touch with their families. Some of them find modern technology difficult to use. As a result, they may feel lonely and dependent on others. AI-powered devices are changing this. Smart assistants like Siri and Alexa allow elderly people to set reminders for taking medicine, get instant weather updates, and even control household lights and appliances using only their voices. AI health-monitoring apps help track heart rates and remind users to drink water or exercise. Many hospitals also use AI to improve patient care and offer remote medical consultations, making it easier for seniors to access health advice without visiting a clinic. Take my grandfather, for example. He was never interested in technology before, thinking it was too complicated. However, everything changed when we introduced him to a smart speaker. Now, he listens to stories, calls his friends with voice commands, and even orders groceries online! AI has made his life more convenient and enjoyable. AI isn’t just for young people—it’s also transforming the lives of the elderly. As technology continues to advance, AI will play an increasingly important role in helping seniors stay independent, connected, and healthy. 21．What is one challenge that many elderly people face? A．They don’t need to take medicine. B．They don’t like communicating with their families. C．Daily activities can be difficult for the elderly. D．AI technology is not useful for them. 22．How do AI-powered smart assistants help seniors? A．They cook delicious food for them. B．They remind them to take medicine. C．They take them to the hospital. D．They teach them how to write. 23．What is one way AI makes life easier for older people? A．AI-powered smart assistants can help control home devices. B．AI eliminates the need for physical exercise. C．AI replaces doctors in hospitals. D．AI makes cooking unnecessary for senior citizens. 24．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Smart assistants are only useful for young people. B．AI helps improve the elderly’s quality of life. C．AI is too complicated for most senior citizens. D．Hospitals do not need doctors anymore. 25．What lesson can we learn from the story? A．AI is useful for all ages, not just young people. B．AI should only be used in hospitals. C．Young people don’t need AI technology. D．AI tools are too expensive for seniors to afford. 【答案】21．C 22．B 23．A 24．B 25．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍人工智能并非只适用于年轻人，它能帮助老年人应对日常难题、监测健康、便利生活，提升老年人的生活质量与独立性。 21．细节理解题。根据“Many elderly people struggle with daily activities, like remembering to take medicine, moving around easily, or staying in touch with their families.”可知，老年人面临的挑战是日常活动困难，故选C。 22．细节理解题。根据“Smart assistants like Siri and Alexa allow elderly people to set reminders for taking medicine…”可知，智能助手能提醒老年人吃药，故选B。 23．细节理解题。根据“control household lights and appliances using only their voices”可知，AI智能助手可帮助控制家居设备，故选A。 24．主旨大意题。本文围绕“AI帮助老年人更舒适、独立地生活”展开，核心是AI提升老年人生活质量，故选B。 25．细节理解题。根据“While many people think AI is mostly for young people, it is actually helping elderly individuals…”及全文可知，AI对各年龄段都有用，不仅限于年轻人，故选A。 四、七选五 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。   Many studies show there is a relationship between colours and moods. 26 You may wonder whether it is true.   I am a mother of two kids. I want my kids to love food. 27 An attractive meal is not only about how food tastes, but about how it smells and how it looks.   28 An attractive plate of food catches their attention and excites their eyes and tongues (舌头) for what they will eat. 29 You can either use a lot of colours or use just one colour. Some days, I say “Today is Orange Day, because it’s raining hard and we need something to cheer us up!” or “Today is Red Day because we need strength.” or “Today is Green Day because we are celebrating spring!” 30 Because these colours may make them lose appetite (食欲) or dislike my food. A．There are two easy ways. B．And I still use white or pink. C．Spring stands for new life and energy. D．However, I never use just blue or black. E．Before kids taste their food, they will see it first. F．Scientists believe that colours can influence appetite (食欲). G．So I am always trying to choose eye-catching plates of food for them. 【答案】26．F 27．G 28．E 29．A 30．D 【导语】本文围绕“颜色与食欲的关联”展开，通过一位母亲的实践，介绍了如何利用颜色让孩子爱上食物，题目考查对短文上下文逻辑的理解与衔接句的选择。 26．根据“Many studies show there is a relationship between colours and moods.”可知，前文提及颜色与情绪的关联，F选项“科学家认为颜色会影响食欲”承接这一关联，同时引出下文对“是否真实”的疑问。故选F。 27．根据“I want my kids to love food.”可知，作者希望孩子喜欢食物，G选项“所以我总是试着给他们选引人注目的餐盘食物”衔接这一需求，引出后文对“有吸引力的餐食”的说明。故选G。 28．根据“An attractive plate of food catches their attention and excites their eyes and tongues for what they will eat.”可知，后文强调食物的视觉吸引力，E选项“在孩子品尝食物前，他们会先看到食物”解释了视觉的优先性，与后文逻辑契合。故选E。 29．根据“You can either use a lot of colours or use just one colour.”可知，后文介绍了两种用色方式，A选项“有两种简单的方法”总起该内容，衔接自然。故选A。 30．根据“Because these colours may make them lose appetite or dislike my food.”可知，后文说明某些颜色的负面影响，D选项“不过，我从不用纯蓝色或黑色”引出这些负面颜色，与后文因果逻辑一致。故选D。 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is a popular saying in China: “After Laba, it’s almost the New Year.” This means once the Laba Festival is over, the Lunar New Year is just around the corner. The Laba Festival is a 31 (tradition) Chinese holiday celebrated on the 32 (eight) day of the twelfth lunar month. Eating Laba porridge is 33 most important custom of the Laba Festival. People start to prepare for the new year after the Laba Festival, including buying new year goods, cleaning their homes, and holding different ceremonies. The Spring Festival is one of the most important 34 (festival) in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things 35 (happen) in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy. The celebrations start on New Year’s Eve. Families gather for a big dinner 36 is called the reunion dinner. People enjoy 37 (eat) delicious food like dumplings and fish. Dumplings look like old Chinese money, meaning wealth, and fish brings good 38 . People also set off fireworks and watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. The Spring Festival lasts 39 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival, held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of the Chinese Spring Festival. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes 40 (show). People gather in public spaces to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, enjoy performances like dragon dances, and eat sweet rice balls. 【答案】 31．traditional 32．eighth 33．the 34．festivals 35．to happen 36．that/which 37．eating 38．luck 39．for 40．are shown 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日腊八节、春节和元宵节的相关习俗。 31．句意：腊八节是中国的一个传统节日，在农历十二月初八庆祝。空处修饰名词holiday，应用tradition的形容词形式traditional“传统的”。故填traditional。 32．句意：腊八节是中国的一个传统节日，在农历十二月初八庆祝。根据“on the…day of the twelfth lunar month”可知，此处表示“第八天”，用序数词eighth表示顺序。故填eighth。 33．句意：吃腊八粥是腊八节最重要的习俗。根据“…most important custom of the Laba Festival”可知，最高级most important前用定冠词the修饰。故填the。 34．句意：春节是中国乃至全世界最重要的节日之一。根据“one of the most important…”可知，此处是one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数“最……之一”，festival的复数是festivals。故填festivals。 35．句意：在这个节日里，人们希望未来会有好事发生，每个人都幸福健康。根据“wish for good things…”可知，此处是wish for sth. to do“希望某事发生”，固定搭配。故填to happen。 36．句意：家人聚在一起吃一顿被称为团圆饭的大餐。分析句子可知，空处所在句子为定语从句，先行词dinner指物，在定语从句中作主语，用that/which引导从句。故填that/which。 37．句意：人们喜欢吃饺子和鱼等美味的食物。根据“enjoy”可知，此处是enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”，空处使用动名词作宾语。故填eating。 38．句意：饺子看起来像中国古代的钱，意味着财富，鱼带来好运。根据“Dumplings look like old Chinese money, meaning wealth, and fish brings good...”可知，鱼带来好运，luck“运气”，不可数名词。故填luck。 39．句意：春节持续15天，以元宵节结束。根据“lasts…15 days”可知，此处是for+一段时间，表示持续多长时间。故填for。 40．句意：在这个节日里，各种形状和大小的活泼的灯笼被展示出来。主语lanterns和谓语show之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done，此处陈述事实，时态为一般现在时，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are shown。 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业05 定语从句 定语从句 1.概念： 在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫作定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫引导词（也叫关系词）。 定语从句的构成：先行词+关系词+定语从句 如：I know the girl who is sitting under the tree. ↓ ↓ ↓ 先行词 引导词 从句（定语从句） 2. 关系词的选用： 关系代词 指代 在定从中所作成分 例句 which 物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music which is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 that 人、物 主语 宾语 Lucy likes music that is gentle.露西喜欢柔和的音乐。 The girl that has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 who 人 主语 宾语 The girl who has long hair is his sister.留长发的女孩子是他姐姐。 whom 人 宾语 He is the student that/who/whom I like best.他是我最喜欢的学生 whose 人的，物的 定语 I like those books whose topics are about history. 我喜欢那些话题是历史的书 3、关系词的省略： 关系代词that/who/which/whom在定从中作宾语时可省略，作主语时不能省略 如：The cartoons (that/which)I like have lots of jokes. 我喜欢的卡通有很多笑话。 The film (that/which) we saw last night is interesting. 我们昨天看的电影非常有趣。 4.关系代词只能用that的情况 (1)当先行词同时指人和物时，关系代词只能用that 如: My father and his teacher talked a lot about the persons and things that they couldn’t remember. (2)当先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none 等不定代词时，关系代词只能用that. 如: Say all that you know/ Is there anything that I can do for you? (3)当先行词有the one, the very, the only, the same 等修饰词时，关系代词只能用that,不能用which(指人时可以用who). 如：That’s the only thing that I can do now. /These are the very(adj.恰好的) words that he used. (4)当先行词被序数词、最高级等词修饰时，关系代词只能用that. 如：This is the first play that I have seen since I came here. This is the best novel that I have read. (5)当主句是who或which 引导的特殊疑问句时，而中心词指人或物时，关系代词只能用that. 如：Which is the machine that we used last Sunday? 5. 关系代词只能用which的情况 1)引导词前有介词 如：The school campus in which we study every day is beautiful. 我们学习的校园很漂亮。 (2)在非限制性定从中用which, 不用that 如：The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.(不可用that) 6. 定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面应该与先行词保持一致。其中，“one of+复数名词” 作先行词时，谓语动词用复数形式。”the one of/the only one of+复数名词”时，谓语动词用单数形式。 如：He is the man who / that lives next door. 他就是住在隔壁的那个男人 He is one of the students in his class who have been to Germany.他是班上去过德国的学生之一 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．Scientists are studying plants ______ can grow in dry places. A．who B．whose C．which D．where 2．The girl ______ is reading under the tree is my sister. A．who B．which C．whom D．what 3．The book was written by Mo Yan is very popular. A．who B．which C．whom D．whose 4．I like musicians ________ play different kinds of music. A．which B．whose C．who D．whom 5．I like music ________ I can dance to. A．what B．who C．that D．whose 6．Confucius was a pioneer in education ________ had many wise ideas about human nature. A．whose B．who C．which 7．I like musicians ________ quiet and slow music. A．which plays B．who play C．which play 8．The train G828 is the first direct high-speed train ________ connects Xi’an and Hong Kong. A．who B．which C．that 9．Liu Xiang’s ability in hurdling was noticed by Sun Haiping, ________ later became his coach. A．what B．which C．who D．whom 10．— Do you still remember the place ________ you visited last year? — Sure! I’ll never forget that place, because I stayed there for almost 10 years. A．which B．when C．whose D．what 11．The boy ________ is under the tree and in blue ________ my brother. A．who; is B．whom; is C．which; is D．who; was 12．—How do you like this comedy? —I think it’s the most interesting program ______ I have ever watched. A．who B．when C．that D．which 13．—What did you do at the party? —My friend and I talked about the persons and things ________ we could remember. A．that B．who C．what D．which 14．—Harbin is a city with cold weather and warm people in ________ you can enjoy the most beautiful scenery of ice and snow. —It has been one of the most popular cities since last year. A．that B．who C．which 15．The book ________ cover is red is mine. A．whose B．which C．that 二、完成句子 16．这里有许多名胜古迹，每年吸引着来自世界各地数以百万计的游客。 There are many places of interest attract from all over the world every year. 17．中国是一个有着约五千年历史的伟大国家。 China is a great country about 5,000 years of history. 18．当我累的时候，我喜欢能让我振奋起来的音乐。 When I am tired, I like music can me up. 19．我更喜欢能帮助我在一天的学习之后放松的音乐。 I music helps me relax after a day’s learning. 20．这首乐曲是由一位出生在无锡的民间音乐家写的。 The music by a folk musician was born in the city of Wuxi. 21．我更喜欢描写贵州人民生活的故事。 I the stories describe the life of people in Guizhou. 22．作为一个外国人，我喜欢买中国制造的产品。 As a foreigner, I like buying products made in China. 23．有着坚强意志的人很容易成功。 A man can succeed easily. 24．这是你几天前参观的那个博物馆吗? Is this the museum a few days ago? 25．手机是让人们生活更便捷的工具。 Mobile phones are the tools people’s lives easier. 一、语法选择 “What will happen if one person picks up one piece of rubbish every day? That is such a tiny (细小的) thing. But if everyone does that, imagine 1 clean the world will be!” said Zach Choboter. Choboter is the founder of a nonprofit (非营利) organization for bees. The organization 2 to protect the bee population around the world. Bees 3 an increasing risk in recent years. It’s because there are 4 places for them to live than before and the climate changes a lot. 5 people learn about the dangers that bees face, Choboter did a lot of things. He rollerbladed (滑旱冰) across Canada to draw people to protect bees and even broke a world record. In 2021, it took him 91 days to finish his 10,093-kilometer journey. During 6 research, Choboter knew more about how important bees were to us. “I was learning about bees, and 7 more you learn about something, the more you care about it,” he said. “Bees are amazing. They are like a gift 8 the environment.” He plans to go around the world on rollerblades in 2026. For Choboter, the work 9 his love for bees will continue. Choboter’s story is simple but powerful: small actions 10 make a big difference. We can all protect bees and create a cleaner, healthier world. 1．A．how B．what C．what a 2．A．found B．founded C．was founded 3．A．face B．faced C．have faced 4．A．few B．fewer C．the fewest 5．A．Let B．To let C．Letting 6．A．he B．his C．him 7．A．a B．an C．the 8．A．as B．with C．for 9．A．and B．but C．or 10．A．must B．need C．can 二、完形填空 Electric cars (EVs) are becoming more popular around the world. Many countries are encouraging people to drive EVs because they can help 11 pollution. These cars do not run on petrol; instead, they use batteries that need to be 12 by electricity. One of the biggest 13 of electric cars is that they are much cleaner than traditional cars. Since they do not use petrol, EVs produce 14 pollution. This makes them a 15 choice for people who care about the environment. However, there are still some 16 with electric cars. First, they can be expensive to buy. Second, charging the battery takes time, and 17 charging stations may not be available everywhere. Some people worry about how far an EV can travel before running out of power. Despite these challenges, many car companies are working hard to 18 better batteries and charging technology. In the future, electric cars may 19 petrol cars completely. More people are choosing EVs now, which is a 20 sign for our planet! 11．A．increase B．reduce C．create D．cause 12．A．charged B．mixed C．protected D．designed 13．A．problems B．challenges C．advantages D．suggestions 14．A．more B．less C．heavier D．worse 15．A．popular B．serious C．useless D．boring 16．A．benefits B．dangers C．troubles D．difficulties 17．A．safe B．beautiful C．public D．secret 18．A．invent B．imagine C．enjoy D．test 19．A．replace B．follow C．destroy D．leave 20．A．good B．sad C．strange D．useless 三、阅读理解 Technology has changed our lives in many ways, and one of the most exciting developments is artificial intelligence (AI). While many people think AI is mostly for young people, it is actually helping elderly individuals live more comfortably and independently. Many elderly people struggle with daily activities, like remembering to take medicine, moving around easily, or staying in touch with their families. Some of them find modern technology difficult to use. As a result, they may feel lonely and dependent on others. AI-powered devices are changing this. Smart assistants like Siri and Alexa allow elderly people to set reminders for taking medicine, get instant weather updates, and even control household lights and appliances using only their voices. AI health-monitoring apps help track heart rates and remind users to drink water or exercise. Many hospitals also use AI to improve patient care and offer remote medical consultations, making it easier for seniors to access health advice without visiting a clinic. Take my grandfather, for example. He was never interested in technology before, thinking it was too complicated. However, everything changed when we introduced him to a smart speaker. Now, he listens to stories, calls his friends with voice commands, and even orders groceries online! AI has made his life more convenient and enjoyable. AI isn’t just for young people—it’s also transforming the lives of the elderly. As technology continues to advance, AI will play an increasingly important role in helping seniors stay independent, connected, and healthy. 21．What is one challenge that many elderly people face? A．They don’t need to take medicine. B．They don’t like communicating with their families. C．Daily activities can be difficult for the elderly. D．AI technology is not useful for them. 22．How do AI-powered smart assistants help seniors? A．They cook delicious food for them. B．They remind them to take medicine. C．They take them to the hospital. D．They teach them how to write. 23．What is one way AI makes life easier for older people? A．AI-powered smart assistants can help control home devices. B．AI eliminates the need for physical exercise. C．AI replaces doctors in hospitals. D．AI makes cooking unnecessary for senior citizens. 24．What is the main idea of the passage? A．Smart assistants are only useful for young people. B．AI helps improve the elderly’s quality of life. C．AI is too complicated for most senior citizens. D．Hospitals do not need doctors anymore. 25．What lesson can we learn from the story? A．AI is useful for all ages, not just young people. B．AI should only be used in hospitals. C．Young people don’t need AI technology. D．AI tools are too expensive for seniors to afford. 四、七选五 请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。   Many studies show there is a relationship between colours and moods. 26 You may wonder whether it is true.   I am a mother of two kids. I want my kids to love food. 27 An attractive meal is not only about how food tastes, but about how it smells and how it looks.   28 An attractive plate of food catches their attention and excites their eyes and tongues (舌头) for what they will eat. 29 You can either use a lot of colours or use just one colour. Some days, I say “Today is Orange Day, because it’s raining hard and we need something to cheer us up!” or “Today is Red Day because we need strength.” or “Today is Green Day because we are celebrating spring!” 30 Because these colours may make them lose appetite (食欲) or dislike my food. A．There are two easy ways. B．And I still use white or pink. C．Spring stands for new life and energy. D．However, I never use just blue or black. E．Before kids taste their food, they will see it first. F．Scientists believe that colours can influence appetite (食欲). G．So I am always trying to choose eye-catching plates of food for them. 五、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 There is a popular saying in China: “After Laba, it’s almost the New Year.” This means once the Laba Festival is over, the Lunar New Year is just around the corner. The Laba Festival is a 31 (tradition) Chinese holiday celebrated on the 32 (eight) day of the twelfth lunar month. Eating Laba porridge is 33 most important custom of the Laba Festival. People start to prepare for the new year after the Laba Festival, including buying new year goods, cleaning their homes, and holding different ceremonies. The Spring Festival is one of the most important 34 (festival) in China and around the world. During this festival, people wish for good things 35 (happen) in the future and for everyone to be happy and healthy. The celebrations start on New Year’s Eve. Families gather for a big dinner 36 is called the reunion dinner. People enjoy 37 (eat) delicious food like dumplings and fish. Dumplings look like old Chinese money, meaning wealth, and fish brings good 38 . People also set off fireworks and watch the Spring Festival Gala on TV. The Spring Festival lasts 39 15 days, ending with the Lantern Festival. The Lantern Festival, held on the 15th day of the Spring Festival, marks the end of the Chinese Spring Festival. During this festival, lively lanterns of all shapes and sizes 40 (show). People gather in public spaces to admire the lanterns, solve riddles (谜语) written on them, enjoy performances like dragon dances, and eat sweet rice balls. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $