寒假作业04 被动语态（巩固培优）九年级英语外研版

限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 被动语态 1.概念： 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 2. 结构： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 【易错警示】 难点（1）：动词短语变成被动语态时，要保持完整，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 如：The old are taken good care of in the old people’s home.老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。 难点（2）：省略to的动词不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。 难点（3）：不用被动语态的词，常见的有： 1. 五感官三变化两发生：look，smell，taste，feel，sound，become，get，turn，happen，take place。 如：The flowers smell nice.花闻起来很香。（不能用are smelt） Great changes took place in China.中国发生了巨大变化。（不能用were taken place） 2. come out，belong to，break out，spread，appear，disappear也不用被动语态。 如：The CD came out yesterday.这个CD昨天就发行了。（不能用was come out） 3. 某些可以和“well，easily，smoothly” 连用的不及物动词，且主语是物体，不用被动语态。这类词有：read，write，draw，wash，clean，cook，sell，lock，open，cut。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。（不能用is written） This kind of shirt sells very well.这款裙子卖得很好。（不能用is sold） 难点（4）：一些易混淆的被动语态用法 1.have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事 如：I have my TV repaired.=I have someone repair my TV.我请人修电视。 2.It is said that … / It is believed that … / It is reported that … 据说 / 据认为 / 据报道 如：It’s said that the library has a long history.据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。 3.grow表示种植时，有被动语态；grow表示成长，生长时，没有被动语态。 如：Rice is grown in the south of China.水稻种植在中国南方。 Rice grows well this year.水稻今年长得很好。（不能用is grown） 4.sth. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事 如：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。 难点（5）：带双宾语的动词变被动语态： 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．Trees ______ every year to make our city more beautiful. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 2．Last month, many vegetables ________ in our school garden. A．plant B．planted C．were planted D．are planted 3．Water Festival is a traditional festival in Yunnan and ________ with a special form. A．is celebrated B．is celebrating C．was celebrated D．celebrated 4．It is believed that tea ________ by accident. It is popular around the world now. A．invented B．invent C．was invented D．will be invented 5．The new shopping mall ______ last year and it has become a popular place for people. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 6．Students these days ________ to go to the park and do exercise on weekends to have more outdoor activities. A．were encouraged B．are encouraged C．have encouraged D．will encourage 7．This kind of car ________ in Shanghai. A．is made B．makes C．made D．making 8．—The English speech contest is coming. When ________ it ________? —Next Monday. A．will; hold B．will; be held C．is; held 9．— When will the school science festival be held? — The school science festival __________ next month. I can’t wait! A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 10．—Nobody answered my phone. Were you at home yesterday morning? —Well, I ________ to take part in the volunteer work in the neighborhood. A．ask B．asked C．am asked D．was asked 11．The old house ______ in 1920. It ______ by many people every year. A．was built; visits B．built; is visited C．was built; is visited D．built; visits 12．The house may fall down soon if no quick repair work ________. A．will be done B．is done C．has done 13．Computers and the Internet are used in classrooms now, and newspapers and magazines ________ already ________ online. A．is; read B．was; read C．were; read D．are; read 14．—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone? —Because this new mobile phone ________ by Huawei last month. A．has produced B．was produced C．is produced 15．—Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up? —We’re not allowed to bring phones to school. I broke the rule. A．have been told B．are told C．were told 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16．We (pay) by the boss on the last day of each month. 17．Who (choose) to play the lead role in the next film hasn’t been decided. 18．—Will you go to his birthday party tonight? —No, unless I . (invite) 19．It’s reported that Metro Line 5 (finish) in another four years. 20．Last week, when I (ask) about English culture by my friend, I couldn’t answer it well. 21．Lisa was (choose) as the lead role in the school play last week. 22．If I am less homework, I will take a part-time job. (give) 23．Yesterday the driver (praise) by the passenger for returning the wallet she found. 24．I can’t find my wallet. It may (steal) by someone. 25．To protect the environment, plastic bags should from going into the rivers. (prevent) 26．One day, your dream can if you keep working hard. (achieve) 27．If your homework (complete), I think you can go on to practice playing the piano. 28．On Children’s Day, each of the students was pleased because they each (give) a gift. 29．Which things can (do) by common people to protect the environment? 30．Basketball (invent) by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith in 1891. 一、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个 选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 I couldn’t wait to have my own apartment (公寓) and live alone. I have a big family with two brothers. I love my family, 1 I really wanted my own place. I knew that one day I 2 have my own place. That day finally came! When I started my first year of college, I 3 to rent (租) an apartment. My parents asked me 4 I would do next. I told them I wanted to decorate the rooms the way I liked. I bought food that I liked. It was a very special time! But something was missing, and I couldn’t quite find out what it was. So I called some friends over 5 a party. After the party was over, I felt 6 than before. But the next day, I felt a little sad again. While I 7 on the sofa thinking, the doorbell rang. I opened the door. Brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, my mother and father all stood there. They had come a long way to surprise me with a party. 8 happy I was! They brought food and drinks, and we had 9 great time. When the party was over, I realised that even though I had my own place, I was homesick(想家的). After that party, I visited my family once a week because I learned that there was no place 10 home. 1．A．so B．or C．but 2．A．should B．will C．would 3．A．is allowed B．allowed C．was allowed 4．A．what B．whether C．why 5．A．have B．to have C．having 6．A．good B．better C．best 7．A．will sit B．am sitting C．was sitting 8．A．How B．What C．What an 9．A．a B．an C．the 10．A．behind B．about C．like 二、完形填空 Finally, the day arrived. My son and I had tried to go to the lake several times, but the weather was always 11 . This time, it turned out to be a beautiful, sunny summer day. We packed lunch and brought a new air raft (充气船) with us. We 12 to try it. Our excitement 13 when we found the raft couldn’t hold our weight properly. We felt a little disappointed. “Maybe this raft is no good,” I thought. Just then, I heard a mother by the lake talk to her kids, “Don’t forget, today is Emily’s birthday!” I noticed the little girl, Emily, who looked about nine. An 14 came to my mind. Maybe this raft was perfect for that girl. When her mother turned around, I walked over to her and asked if her family would like to have this raft. “It’s new, but it’s not 15 for us.” The mother looked surprised for a moment. Then she answered 16 , “That’s very kind, but we couldn’t...” “Please, it would make me happy,” I smiled and kept saying. Seeing my sincerity, she finally 17 . “Thank you so much!” she said. The little girl, Emily, saw the raft. Her eyes opened wide with joy. Seeing her happiness filled me with 18 inside. I was so glad that our small 19 turned into a special birthday surprise for the girl. Even when things don’t work as we 20 , we can still turn them into unexpected joys for others. 11．A．sunny B．snowy C．awful D．pleasant 12．A．were afraid B．couldn’t wait C．had no idea D．had no choice but 13．A．began B．grew C．changed D．disappeared 14．A．idea B．order C．event D．article 15．A．easy B．right C．small D．fashionable 16．A．madly B．impolitely C．nervously D．carelessly 17．A．agreed B．refused C．minded D．regretted 18．A．luck B．hate C．fear D．warmth 19．A．doubt B．humour C．invention D．disappointment 20．A．knew B．planned C．discussed D．understood 三、阅读理解 Big Data and You Big data (数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media (媒体) sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help in class. The teachers can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who was born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong. How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think in a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. 21．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Sources. B．Computer programs. C．Big data. D．People. 22．How can schools help students with big data according to Paragraph 2? A．By recording how they get to school. B．By checking if they were born early. C．By finding out who needs extra help. D．By asking what ice cream they buy. 23．Which of the following is TRUE about big data according to the passage? A．It may bring some problems. B．The government can control it very well. C．It is used by hospitals the most. D．People should send photos online to improve it. 24．Big data can be used for both good and bad things mainly because ________. A．People who write the programs have different ways of thinking. B．The computer programs are too difficult to be understood. C．The data itself is changeable. D．Businesses always want to make more money. 25．What is the writer’s purpose according to the passage? A．To call for good use of big data. B．To teach us how to collect information. C．To ask people to be careful of big data. D．To show what big data is and how it works. 四、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s very important for students to learn about how to overcome (克服) exam fear. This article provides a few tips on ways to overcome it. 26 They leave everything to be studied at the last minute. As a result, when exams are coming, they feel scared, as they don’t know where to start, and what to study. So the easiest way of overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exams. 27 Another common mistake that many students make is that they don’t make an effort to understand the subject. When they have memorized without understanding, the chances of forgetting are higher. Therefore, it is important to understand it before remembering something. In this way, you will never forget any important point. 28 Besides, the coming exams don’t mean that you have to study from your books for the whole day. Students should take rest to relax and refresh their mind. Go for walks, listen to music, or talk to friends and family. 29 But avoid watching the television or surfing the Internet during this time. Besides the tips above, here are some points that will help students deal with exam-related worries. It is important to avoid having conversations with your friends about what they have studied and how much they have studied. 30 During the exam, complete the questions which you find easier, then go back to the difficult ones, and you will surely be able to answer them confidently. A．It will help you feel relaxed. B．Or you will be more nervous. C．Make sure you get enough time to sleep. D．Follow this method and you will feel confident. E．Many students are busy preparing for the exams. F．There are many students who don’t take their studies seriously. G．Then students will only have to review before the exams. 五、任务型阅读 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答下面问题。 The history of traffic lights dates back to the 19th century in Britain. London was a busy city with horse-drawn carriages (马车). They often rushed into people, causing many accidents. At the same time, there was a fashion rule in London—women in red showed that they were married and green for unmarried. This gave people the idea for using red and green as traffic signs later. On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic (机械师) De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green. A policeman had to pull a belt to change the lights: red meant “stop”, and green meant “go”. At first, it worked well and reduced accidents. However, this traffic light exploded (爆炸) after 23 days. The light was turned off, but the idea stayed alive. In 1914, electric traffic lights were first used in America. Red and green still did their jobs, then they were safer and easier to see. In 1927, a Chinese student named Hu Ruding was studying in the US. He noticed drivers sometimes rushed when the light changed. “What if there’s a middle color to slow people down?” he thought. That’s how the yellow light was born, meaning “get ready to stop.” Around the same time, an American policeman named William Potts created the first three-color traffic lights for all directions. They made crossroads much safer. These colors were not chosen by chance. Red is easy to see, like a fire alarm, so it means “danger-stop!” Yellow is a warning, like a sign that says “be careful—slow down!” Green, like a forest, tells us “safe to go!” Together, they form a common language that keeps safe every day. Great ideas come from everyday things. Whether traffic lights or something else, noticing and thinking “what if” can change the world! 31．When did the world’s first traffic light with only red and green appear? 32．Who suggested adding a yellow light to traffic signs? 33．What was William Potts? 34．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 5? 35．According to the writer’s opinion, what should we do? 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 限时练习：40min 完成时间： 月 日 天气： 寒假作业04 被动语态 1.概念： 英语动词有两种语态，主动语态和被动语态。主动语态的主语是动作的执行者；被动语态的主语是动作的承受者，理解为“被……” 。 2. 结构： 被动语态的结构是“be+过去分词”，be动词有时态、人称和数的变化。当不知道动作的执行者或没必要指出动作的执行者，只强调突出动作的承受者时，用被动语态。 【易错警示】 难点（1）：动词短语变成被动语态时，要保持完整，不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。 如：The old are taken good care of in the old people’s home.老人们在敬老院被照顾得很好。 难点（2）：省略to的动词不定式，在被动语态中要还原to。 难点（3）：不用被动语态的词，常见的有： 1. 五感官三变化两发生：look，smell，taste，feel，sound，become，get，turn，happen，take place。 如：The flowers smell nice.花闻起来很香。（不能用are smelt） Great changes took place in China.中国发生了巨大变化。（不能用were taken place） 2. come out，belong to，break out，spread，appear，disappear也不用被动语态。 如：The CD came out yesterday.这个CD昨天就发行了。（不能用was come out） 3. 某些可以和“well，easily，smoothly” 连用的不及物动词，且主语是物体，不用被动语态。这类词有：read，write，draw，wash，clean，cook，sell，lock，open，cut。 如：This kind of pen writes very smoothly.这种笔写起来很流畅。（不能用is written） This kind of shirt sells very well.这款裙子卖得很好。（不能用is sold） 难点（4）：一些易混淆的被动语态用法 1.have sth. done=have sb. do sth.请别人做某事 如：I have my TV repaired.=I have someone repair my TV.我请人修电视。 2.It is said that … / It is believed that … / It is reported that … 据说 / 据认为 / 据报道 如：It’s said that the library has a long history.据说这个图书馆有悠久的历史。 3.grow表示种植时，有被动语态；grow表示成长，生长时，没有被动语态。 如：Rice is grown in the south of China.水稻种植在中国南方。 Rice grows well this year.水稻今年长得很好。（不能用is grown） 4.sth. need / require doing=sth. need / require to be done 需要 / 要求做某事 如：The flowers need watering.=The flowers need to be watered. 花需要浇水。 难点（5）：带双宾语的动词变被动语态： 三层必刷：巩固提升+能力培优+创新题型 一、单项选择 1．Trees ______ every year to make our city more beautiful. A．plant B．planted C．are planted D．were planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年树木被种植以使我们的城市更美丽。 考查被动语态。根据时间状语“every year”可知句子描述习惯性动作，应用一般现在时；且“树木”是“种植”的承受者，故用被动语态。故选C。 2．Last month, many vegetables ________ in our school garden. A．plant B．planted C．were planted D．are planted 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上个月，我们学校的花园里种了许多蔬菜。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“Last month”可知，句子时态应用一般过去时；再根据主语“many vegetables”和动词“plant”之间是被动关系，表示蔬菜被种植，因此应用一般过去时的被动语态，C项符合。故选C。 3．Water Festival is a traditional festival in Yunnan and ________ with a special form. A．is celebrated B．is celebrating C．was celebrated D．celebrated 【答案】A 【详解】句意：泼水节是云南的一个传统节日，并且以一种特殊的形式被庆祝。 考查被动语态和时态一致。句子前半部分使用一般现在时“is”，表示当前事实，因此后半部分也需用一般现在时。同时，“泼水节”是被庆祝的对象，需用被动语态“is celebrated”。故选A。 4．It is believed that tea ________ by accident. It is popular around the world now. A．invented B．invent C．was invented D．will be invented 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人们认为茶是偶然被发明的。现在它在世界各地都很受欢迎。 考查被动语态。根据语境可知，茶是被发明，且动作发生在过去，所以需用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语“tea”是不可数名词，be动词用was，invent的过去分词是invented。故选C。 5．The new shopping mall ______ last year and it has become a popular place for people. A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这座新的购物中心是去年建成的，它已经成为人们的热门去处。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知，动作发生在过去，且主语“shopping mall”是动作承受者，需用一般过去时的被动语态表示“被建造”，其结构为was/were done，主语为名词单数，需was。故选D。 6．Students these days ________ to go to the park and do exercise on weekends to have more outdoor activities. A．were encouraged B．are encouraged C．have encouraged D．will encourage 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如今，学生们被鼓励在周末去公园锻炼身体，参加更多的户外活动。 考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“these days”可知句子描述当前情况，且主语“students”是动作“encourage”的接受者，需用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选B。 7．This kind of car ________ in Shanghai. A．is made B．makes C．made D．making 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这种汽车是上海制造的。 考查被动语态。分析句子结构可知，主语“This kind of car”和谓语动词“make（制造）”之间是被动关系，表示汽车被制造，所以应该用被动语态，其结构是“be动词+动词的过去分词”，选项A“is made”是一般现在时的被动语态，符合语境。故选A。 8．—The English speech contest is coming. When ________ it ________? —Next Monday. A．will; hold B．will; be held C．is; held 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——英语演讲比赛要来了。它什么时候举行？——下周一。 考查时态及语态。根据“Next Monday.”可知，时态用一般将来时，排除C选项；主语it指代The English speech contest，比赛应是被举行，因此用被动语态，排除A选项。故选B。 9．— When will the school science festival be held? — The school science festival __________ next month. I can’t wait! A．holds B．will hold C．is held D．will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——学校科学节什么时候举行？——学校科学节将在下个月举行。我等不及了！ 考查一般将来时的被动语态。科学节是被举行的，需用被动语态；时间状语“next month”表示将来，需用将来时。选项A（holds）和B（will hold）是主动语态，不符合被动要求；选项C（is held）是一般现在时的被动语态；选项D（will be held）是被动语态的将来时，正确。故选D。 10．—Nobody answered my phone. Were you at home yesterday morning? —Well, I ________ to take part in the volunteer work in the neighborhood. A．ask B．asked C．am asked D．was asked 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——没人接我的电话。昨天上午你在家吗？——嗯，我被要求去参加社区的志愿者工作。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知，此处表示“我被要求去参加社区的志愿者工作”，主语I和动词ask之间是被动关系，且根据时间状语“yesterday morning”可知，该句时态为一般过去时，所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”，主语为I，be动词用was，ask的过去分词为asked。故选D。 11．The old house ______ in 1920. It ______ by many people every year. A．was built; visits B．built; is visited C．was built; is visited D．built; visits 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这所老房子在1920年被建造。它每年被许多人参观。 考查被动语态。根据“in 1920”可知，第一句需用一般过去时，房子被建造，主语和谓语动词build之间为动宾关系house，所以第一空用一般过去时的被动语态“was built”；根据“every year”可知，第二句需用一般现在时，且房子被参观，为被动语态，所以第二空用一般现在时的被动语态“is visited”。故选C。 12．The house may fall down soon if no quick repair work ________. A．will be done B．is done C．has done 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果不尽快进行修缮，这座房子可能很快就会倒塌。 考查条件句的时态。在if引导的条件状语从句中，表示将来的条件时，从句应使用一般现在时，主语“repair work”需用被动语态（即“被做”），所以从句是一般现在时的被动语态，B选项符合。故选B。 13．Computers and the Internet are used in classrooms now, and newspapers and magazines ________ already ________ online. A．is; read B．was; read C．were; read D．are; read 【答案】D 【详解】句意：现在电脑和互联网被应用于课堂上，并且报纸和杂志也已经在网上被阅读。 考查动词的时态和语态。根据“Computers and the Internet are used in classrooms now”可知，句子描述的是现在的一种状态，时态为一般现在时；主语“newspapers and magazines”和谓语动词“read”之间是动宾关系，应该用被动语态，且“newspapers and magazines”是复数，be动词用are，read的过去分词是read。故选D。 14．—Why have I never seen this kind of mobile phone? —Because this new mobile phone ________ by Huawei last month. A．has produced B．was produced C．is produced 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——为什么我从未见过这种手机？—— 因为这款新手机由华为上个月生产。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。分析句子“Because this new mobile phone…by Huawei last month.”可知，主语“this new mobile phone”与动词produce之间构成被动语态，故排除A；又根据句中“last month”可知，时态为一般过去时，故用一般过去时被动语态。故选B。 15．—Eric, you ________ to go to the teachers’ office just now. What’s up? —We’re not allowed to bring phones to school. I broke the rule. A．have been told B．are told C．were told 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——埃里克，刚才有人叫你去老师办公室。怎么了？——我们不被允许带手机到学校。我违反了规定。 考查动词时态。根据“just now”可知，事情发生在过去，应该用一般过去时；主语“you”和动词“tell”之间是被动关系，表示“被告知”，所以用一般过去时的被动语态“were told”。故选C。 二、用所给词的正确形式填空 16．We (pay) by the boss on the last day of each month. 【答案】are paid 【详解】句意：我们每个月的最后一天会被老板支付工资。句子主语是“We”，动作“pay”的发出者是“the boss”，因此“我们”是“被支付 (薪水)”，需用被动语态；被动语态的结构是：be动词+动词过去分词；结合“on the last day of each month”，句子时态为一般现在时，主语“We”是复数，be动词用are，动词pay的过去分词是paid。故填are paid。 17．Who (choose) to play the lead role in the next film hasn’t been decided. 【答案】will be chosen 【详解】句意：谁将被选中在下部电影中担任主角还没有决定。根据“Who...to play the lead role”可知，who和choose之间是被动关系，且时态是一般将来时。故填will be chosen。 18．—Will you go to his birthday party tonight? —No, unless I . (invite) 【答案】am invited 【详解】句意：——你今晚会去参加他的生日聚会吗？——不，除非我被邀请。invite“邀请”，动词；“unless”引导条件状语从句，时态遵循“主将从现”原则，所以此处用一般现在时；主语“I”和谓语动词“invite”是被动关系，即“我”是“被邀请”的对象，因此要用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为“am+动词过去分词”；invite的过去分词为invited。故填am invited。 19．It’s reported that Metro Line 5 (finish) in another four years. 【答案】will be finished 【详解】句意：据报道，地铁5号线将在四年后完工。“It’s reported that...”是固定句型，意为“据报道……”；从句中“in another four years（再过四年）”是将来时间的标志，且“Metro Line 5”与“finish”之间是被动关系，故从句需用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为“will be+动词过去分词”，“finish”的过去分词是“finished”，故填will be finished。   20．Last week, when I (ask) about English culture by my friend, I couldn’t answer it well. 【答案】was asked 【详解】句意：上周，当我的朋友问我关于英国文化的问题时，我没能很好地回答。根据“by my friend”可知是被问及关于英国文化的问题，结合“Last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，I后用be动词was，其后用过去分词asked。故填was asked。 21．Lisa was (choose) as the lead role in the school play last week. 【答案】chosen 【详解】句意：上周，丽莎被选为学校戏剧的主角。根据“Lisa was…as the lead role”及提示词可知，此处指“被选为主角”，choose“选择”，动词；主语Lisa与谓语动词choose之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，由时间状语“last week”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，一般过去时的被动语态结构为“was/were+过去分词”，choose的过去分词为chosen。故填chosen。 22．If I am less homework, I will take a part-time job. (give) 【答案】given 【详解】句意：如果给我的作业更少，我会找一份兼职工作。根据“If I am…less homework, I will take a part-time job.”可知，句子主语I与动词give之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，其结构为“be+过去分词”，give的过去分词是given，符合语境及语法要求。故填given。 23．Yesterday the driver (praise) by the passenger for returning the wallet she found. 【答案】was praised 【详解】句意：昨天这位司机因为归还捡到的钱包而被乘客表扬了。根据 “Yesterday” 可知句子用一般过去时；“driver” 和 “praise” 之间是被动关系，即司机被表扬，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，结构是 “was/were + 过去分词”。主语 “the driver” 是单数，故用 was，praise 的过去分词是 praised。故填was praised。 24．I can’t find my wallet. It may (steal) by someone. 【答案】be stolen 【详解】句意：我找不到我的钱包。它可能被人偷了。steal“偷”，为动词，主语“It”与“steal”之间是被动关系，表示钱包被偷，为被动语态，may是情态动词，故此处用“be+过去分词”。故填be stolen。 25．To protect the environment, plastic bags should from going into the rivers. (prevent) 【答案】be prevented 【详解】句意：为了保护环境，应该防止塑料袋进入河流。根据“plastic bags should…from going into the rivers”可知，横线处需填动词，且主语“plastic bags”和动词之间是被动关系，prevent“阻止”，动词，其被动形式为be prevented，should be prevented“应该被阻止”。故填be prevented。 26．One day, your dream can if you keep working hard. (achieve) 【答案】be achieved 【详解】句意：如果你继续努力，有一天你的梦想就能被实现。achieve“实现”，动词；主语“your dream”和动词“achieve”之间是被动关系，需用含有情态动词can的被动语态，其结构为：情态动词+be done，achieve的过去分词为achieved。故填be achieved。 27．If your homework (complete), I think you can go on to practice playing the piano. 【答案】is completed 【详解】句意：如果你的作业完成了，我认为你可以继续练习弹钢琴。分析句子结构可知，主语“your homework”与动词“complete”之间是被动关系，表示作业被完成，需用被动语态“be+过去分词”；本句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句主语“homework”是不可数名词，be动词用“is”，“complete”的过去分词为“completed”。故填is completed。 28．On Children’s Day, each of the students was pleased because they each (give) a gift. 【答案】were given 【详解】句意：儿童节那天，每个学生都很开心，因为他们每个人都收到了一份礼物。根据“was pleased because they each…(give) a gift.”可知，学生是“被赠予礼物”，要用被动语态，结构为be+过去分词，时态为一般过去时，主语为they，be动词用were，give的过去分词为given。故填were given。 29．Which things can (do) by common people to protect the environment? 【答案】be done 【详解】句意：普通人可以做哪些事情来保护环境？主语“Which things”与动词do“做”是被动关系，指事情被普通人做。结合情态动词“can”可知，需用含有情态动词的被动语态，结构为：can be + 过去分词。do的过去分词为done。故填be done。 30．Basketball (invent) by a Canadian doctor named James Naismith in 1891. 【答案】was invented 【详解】句意：篮球是由一位名叫詹姆斯·奈史密斯的加拿大医生于1891年发明的。根据“in 1891”可知，句子为一般过去时，由于主语为Basketball，与动词invent之间是被动关系，需用被动语态。即此处需填入一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were+动词的过去分词，主语Basketball为单数，因此用was，过去分词为invented，故填was invented。 一、语法选择 请通读下面短文，掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个 选项中选出一个最佳的答案。 I couldn’t wait to have my own apartment (公寓) and live alone. I have a big family with two brothers. I love my family, 1 I really wanted my own place. I knew that one day I 2 have my own place. That day finally came! When I started my first year of college, I 3 to rent (租) an apartment. My parents asked me 4 I would do next. I told them I wanted to decorate the rooms the way I liked. I bought food that I liked. It was a very special time! But something was missing, and I couldn’t quite find out what it was. So I called some friends over 5 a party. After the party was over, I felt 6 than before. But the next day, I felt a little sad again. While I 7 on the sofa thinking, the doorbell rang. I opened the door. Brothers and sisters, aunts and uncles, my mother and father all stood there. They had come a long way to surprise me with a party. 8 happy I was! They brought food and drinks, and we had 9 great time. When the party was over, I realised that even though I had my own place, I was homesick(想家的). After that party, I visited my family once a week because I learned that there was no place 10 home. 1．A．so B．or C．but 2．A．should B．will C．would 3．A．is allowed B．allowed C．was allowed 4．A．what B．whether C．why 5．A．have B．to have C．having 6．A．good B．better C．best 7．A．will sit B．am sitting C．was sitting 8．A．How B．What C．What an 9．A．a B．an C．the 10．A．behind B．about C．like 【答案】 1．C 2．C 3．C 4．A 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．A 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要讲述了“我”渴望拥有自己的公寓独居，上大学后如愿租房独居，但逐渐感到缺失，最终家人的惊喜派对让“我”明白家的重要性的故事。 1．句意：我爱我的家人，但我真的想要属于自己的地方。 so所以；or或者；but但是。根据“I love my family,...I really wanted my own place.”可知，前后句存在转折关系。前句表达对家人的爱，后句表达渴望独立空间，因此需用表示转折的连词but。故选C。 2．句意：我知道总有一天我会有属于自己的地方。 should应该；will将要；would将会。根据“I knew that one day I...have my own place.”可知，主句是过去时，从句描述的是“过去所认为的将来”，应使用过去将来时would。故选C。 3．句意：当我开始大学第一年时，我被允许租一间公寓。 is allowed被允许，一般现在时；allowed允许，一般过去时；was allowed被允许，一般过去时。根据主语“I”和“allow”是被动关系，且时态为一般过去时，可知此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。 4．句意：我的父母问我接下来会做什么。 what什么；whether是否；why为什么。根据“I would do next”可知，此处是询问要做的事情，用what。故选A。 5．句意：所以我叫朋友们过来开派对。 have举办；to have去举办，不定式作目的状语；having正在举办，现在分词。根据“called some friends over”可知，此处表目的，用不定式to have。故选B。 6．句意：派对结束后，我感觉比之前好一些了。 good好的；better更好的；best最好的。根据“than before”可知，此处用比较级。故选B。 7．句意：当我正坐在沙发上思考时，门铃响了。 will sit将会坐；am sitting正在坐，现在进行时；was sitting正在坐，过去进行时。根据“the doorbell rang”可知，此处是过去正在进行的动作，用过去进行时。故选C。 8．句意：我多么开心啊！ How多么，修饰形容词或副词；What多么，修饰名词；What an多么，用于修饰可数名词单数，且首字母发音为元音。根据“...happy I was!”可知，感叹句中心词是形容词happy，应使用How引导感叹句，其结构How+形容词+主语+谓语！故选A。 9．句意：他们带来了食物和饮料，我们玩得很开心。 a一个；an一个；the这个。根据“we had...great time.”可知，这是固定搭配have a great time表示“玩得开心”。great以辅音音素开头，用a。故选A。 10．句意：我明白了没有地方像家一样。 behind在……后面；about关于；like像……一样。根据“no place...home”可知，此处是没有任何地方像家一样。故选C。 二、完形填空 Finally, the day arrived. My son and I had tried to go to the lake several times, but the weather was always 11 . This time, it turned out to be a beautiful, sunny summer day. We packed lunch and brought a new air raft (充气船) with us. We 12 to try it. Our excitement 13 when we found the raft couldn’t hold our weight properly. We felt a little disappointed. “Maybe this raft is no good,” I thought. Just then, I heard a mother by the lake talk to her kids, “Don’t forget, today is Emily’s birthday!” I noticed the little girl, Emily, who looked about nine. An 14 came to my mind. Maybe this raft was perfect for that girl. When her mother turned around, I walked over to her and asked if her family would like to have this raft. “It’s new, but it’s not 15 for us.” The mother looked surprised for a moment. Then she answered 16 , “That’s very kind, but we couldn’t...” “Please, it would make me happy,” I smiled and kept saying. Seeing my sincerity, she finally 17 . “Thank you so much!” she said. The little girl, Emily, saw the raft. Her eyes opened wide with joy. Seeing her happiness filled me with 18 inside. I was so glad that our small 19 turned into a special birthday surprise for the girl. Even when things don’t work as we 20 , we can still turn them into unexpected joys for others. 11．A．sunny B．snowy C．awful D．pleasant 12．A．were afraid B．couldn’t wait C．had no idea D．had no choice but 13．A．began B．grew C．changed D．disappeared 14．A．idea B．order C．event D．article 15．A．easy B．right C．small D．fashionable 16．A．madly B．impolitely C．nervously D．carelessly 17．A．agreed B．refused C．minded D．regretted 18．A．luck B．hate C．fear D．warmth 19．A．doubt B．humour C．invention D．disappointment 20．A．knew B．planned C．discussed D．understood 【答案】 11．C 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C 17．A 18．D 19．D 20．B 【导语】导语：本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者和儿子多次计划去湖边却因天气受阻，终于出行后又遇到充气船不适用的问题，最终将船送给过生日的女孩Emily，收获温暖的故事。 11．句意：我和儿子尝试了好几次去湖边，但天气总是很糟糕。 sunny晴朗的；snowy下雪的；awful糟糕的；pleasant宜人的。根据“tried to go...but”的转折逻辑，可知之前天气不好，“awful”符合语境。故选C。 12．句意：我们迫不及待想试试它。 were afraid害怕；couldn’t wait迫不及待；had no idea不知道；had no choice but别无选择只能。结合“new air raft”的语境，新物品会让人急切想尝试，“couldn’t wait”符合语境。故选B。 13．句意：当我们发现这个充气船没法正常承受我们的重量时，我们的兴奋感消失了。 began开始；grew成长；changed改变；disappeared消失。根据“couldn’t hold our weight”和“disappointed”，可知兴奋感没了，“disappeared”符合语境。故选D。 14．句意：我想到一个主意。 idea主意；order命令；event事件；article文章。根据“came to my mind”和后续送船的行为，可知是一个想法浮现在脑海，“idea”符合语境。故选A。 15．句意：它是新的，但对我们来说不合适。 easy容易的；right合适的；small小的；fashionable时尚的。结合前文“raft couldn’t hold our weight”，可知船对“我们”来说不合适，“right”符合语境。故选B。 16．句意：然后她紧张地回答：“你真好，但我们不能……” madly疯狂地；impolitely不礼貌地；nervously紧张地；carelessly粗心地。根据妈妈的回应“but we couldn’t”可知她面对突然的赠送有些局促，“nervously”符合语境。故选C。 17．句意：看到我的诚意，她最终同意了。 agreed同意；refused拒绝；minded介意；regretted后悔。根据后文“Thank you so much”可知，女孩的妈妈接受了赠送，“agreed”符合语境。故选A。 18．句意：看到她的开心，我的心里充满了温暖。 luck运气；hate讨厌；fear恐惧；warmth温暖。帮助他人后收获对方的快乐，内心会感到温暖，“warmth”符合语境。故选D。 19．句意：我很开心，我们小小的失望变成了给女孩的特别生日惊喜。 doubt怀疑；humour幽默；invention发明；disappointment失望。结合前文“felt a little disappointed”可知是之前的失望变成了惊喜，“disappointment”符合语境。故选D。 20．句意：即使事情没有按我们计划的那样发展，我们仍然可以把它们变成给别人意想不到的快乐。 knew知道；planned计划；discussed讨论；understood理解。根据“things don’t work as we...”，可知是和原本计划的不一样，“planned”符合语境。故选B。 三、阅读理解 Big Data and You Big data (数据) is a lot of sets of information that are put together so they can be used by a computer program. The computer program looks for different kinds of answers or patterns in the data. Big data can have different kinds of information from many sources, such as information that comes from schools, social media (媒体) sites, companies, and governments. One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go, and how much time they spend on the computer. Big data can be used in many ways. The government uses it to understand how many people travel on buses or trains. This information is then used to make bus or train systems better. Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help in class. The teachers can then give certain students more help or support so those students can succeed in school. Companies use big data, too. It helps them understand who buys their products. For example, one company uses weather data to see when people eat the most ice cream. Big data can be used for good reasons. Some hospitals use big data to predict (预测) if a baby who was born too early will get sick. The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick. Big data can also be used for bad reasons. It can be used to predict which kinds of people are likely to break the law or hurt others, even if they have not done anything wrong. How can big data be used for good and bad things? It is because the computer programs used to look at big data and understand it are written by people. People think in a certain way. Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas. These ideas are then used to look at the data. Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people. 21．What does the underlined word “they” in Paragraph 1 refer to? A．Sources. B．Computer programs. C．Big data. D．People. 22．How can schools help students with big data according to Paragraph 2? A．By recording how they get to school. B．By checking if they were born early. C．By finding out who needs extra help. D．By asking what ice cream they buy. 23．Which of the following is TRUE about big data according to the passage? A．It may bring some problems. B．The government can control it very well. C．It is used by hospitals the most. D．People should send photos online to improve it. 24．Big data can be used for both good and bad things mainly because ________. A．People who write the programs have different ways of thinking. B．The computer programs are too difficult to be understood. C．The data itself is changeable. D．Businesses always want to make more money. 25．What is the writer’s purpose according to the passage? A．To call for good use of big data. B．To teach us how to collect information. C．To ask people to be careful of big data. D．To show what big data is and how it works. 【答案】21．D 22．C 23．A 24．A 25．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了大数据的定义、来源、应用场景及其双重影响（积极与消极），并强调其用途取决于编写程序的人的思维方式。 21．词句猜测题。根据第1段“One set of data can have people’s names and addresses. Another set can have what they like, where they go...”可知，一组数据可以包含人们的姓名和地址。另一组可以有他们喜欢的，他们去哪里，他们在电脑上花了多少时间。所以“they”指代前文提到的“people”。故选D。 22．细节理解题。根据第2段“Some schools use big data to understand which children may need extra (额外的) help...”可知，学校通过大数据识别需要额外帮助的学生。故选C。 23．推理判断题。根据第3段“Big data can be used for good reasons...for bad reasons”及第4段“Sometimes, these ideas are helpful for people or businesses. Other times, bad ideas can cause problems for certain groups of people.”可推知，大数据可能带来问题。故选A。 24．细节理解题。根据第4段“It is because the computer programs...are written by people...think in a certain way...Because they think a certain way, they build a model of those ideas.”可知，大数据可以用来做好事，也可以用来做坏事，主要是因为程序编写者的思维方式决定数据用途。故选A。 25．主旨大意题。全文围绕大数据的定义、应用和影响展开，旨在说明其是什么及如何运作。故选D。 四、七选五 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 It’s very important for students to learn about how to overcome (克服) exam fear. This article provides a few tips on ways to overcome it. 26 They leave everything to be studied at the last minute. As a result, when exams are coming, they feel scared, as they don’t know where to start, and what to study. So the easiest way of overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exams. 27 Another common mistake that many students make is that they don’t make an effort to understand the subject. When they have memorized without understanding, the chances of forgetting are higher. Therefore, it is important to understand it before remembering something. In this way, you will never forget any important point. 28 Besides, the coming exams don’t mean that you have to study from your books for the whole day. Students should take rest to relax and refresh their mind. Go for walks, listen to music, or talk to friends and family. 29 But avoid watching the television or surfing the Internet during this time. Besides the tips above, here are some points that will help students deal with exam-related worries. It is important to avoid having conversations with your friends about what they have studied and how much they have studied. 30 During the exam, complete the questions which you find easier, then go back to the difficult ones, and you will surely be able to answer them confidently. A．It will help you feel relaxed. B．Or you will be more nervous. C．Make sure you get enough time to sleep. D．Follow this method and you will feel confident. E．Many students are busy preparing for the exams. F．There are many students who don’t take their studies seriously. G．Then students will only have to review before the exams. 【答案】26．F 27．G 28．D 29．A 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了克服考试恐惧的几种方法。 26．根据“They leave everything to be studied at the last minute.”可知，他们把所有的学习任务都留到最后一刻。由此可知，这里提到的是学生不认真学习的问题，选项F“有很多学生不认真学习”符合语境。故选F。 27．根据“So the easiest way of overcoming this problem is to start studying much before the exams.”可知，克服这个问题的最简单方法是提前开始学习。由此可知，此处与提前学习有关，选项G“这样学生就只需要在考试前复习”符合语境。故选G。 28．根据“Therefore, it is important to understand it before remembering something. In this way, you will never forget any important point.”可知，在记忆之前理解很重要，这样你就不会忘记任何重点，选项D“遵循这个方法，你会感到自信”符合语境，是对前文建议的总结。故选D。 29．根据“Students should take rest to relax and refresh their mind. Go for walks, listen to music, or talk to friends and family.”可知，学生应该休息以放松和恢复精力。由此可知，散步、听音乐、和朋友家人聊天，目的都是为了放松，选项A“这会帮助你感到放松”符合语境。故选A。 30．根据“It is important to avoid having conversations with your friends about what they have studied and how much they have studied.”可知，避免和朋友讨论他们的学习内容和进度很重要。选项B“否则你会更紧张”符合语境，是对前文结果的合理推断。故选B。 五、任务型阅读 请阅读下面短文，根据所提供的信息，回答下面问题。 The history of traffic lights dates back to the 19th century in Britain. London was a busy city with horse-drawn carriages (马车). They often rushed into people, causing many accidents. At the same time, there was a fashion rule in London—women in red showed that they were married and green for unmarried. This gave people the idea for using red and green as traffic signs later. On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic (机械师) De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green. A policeman had to pull a belt to change the lights: red meant “stop”, and green meant “go”. At first, it worked well and reduced accidents. However, this traffic light exploded (爆炸) after 23 days. The light was turned off, but the idea stayed alive. In 1914, electric traffic lights were first used in America. Red and green still did their jobs, then they were safer and easier to see. In 1927, a Chinese student named Hu Ruding was studying in the US. He noticed drivers sometimes rushed when the light changed. “What if there’s a middle color to slow people down?” he thought. That’s how the yellow light was born, meaning “get ready to stop.” Around the same time, an American policeman named William Potts created the first three-color traffic lights for all directions. They made crossroads much safer. These colors were not chosen by chance. Red is easy to see, like a fire alarm, so it means “danger-stop!” Yellow is a warning, like a sign that says “be careful—slow down!” Green, like a forest, tells us “safe to go!” Together, they form a common language that keeps safe every day. Great ideas come from everyday things. Whether traffic lights or something else, noticing and thinking “what if” can change the world! 31．When did the world’s first traffic light with only red and green appear? 32．Who suggested adding a yellow light to traffic signs? 33．What was William Potts? 34．What does the underlined word “they” refer to in Paragraph 5? 35．According to the writer’s opinion, what should we do? 【答案】31．On December 10th, 1868. 32．Hu Ruding. 33．An American policeman. 34．Red, yellow and green. 35．We should notice everyday things and think “what if”. 【导语】本文介绍了交通信号灯的发展历史，从最早的英国红绿灯到美国电动交通信号灯的出现，再到黄灯的发明以及三色交通信号灯的普及，并解释了红、黄、绿三种颜色的象征意义。 31．根据第二段“On December 10th, 1868, British mechanic De Hart designed the world’s first traffic light with only red and green.”可知，世界上第一个只有红绿两色的交通信号灯出现于1868年12月10日。故填On December 10th, 1868. 32．根据第四段“a Chinese student named Hu Ruding ... ‘What if there’s a middle color to slow people down?’ he thought. That’s how the yellow light was born”可知，中国留学生胡汝鼎提出了在红绿灯之间增加黄灯的建议。故填Hu Ruding. 33．根据第四段“an American policeman named William Potts created the first three-color traffic lights for all directions”可知，William Potts是一名美国警察。故填An American policeman. 34．根据第五段描述红色、黄色和绿色的含义，以及“Together, they form a common language...”可知，“they”指代前文提到的红、黄、绿三种颜色。故填Red, yellow and green. 35．根据最后一段“noticing and thinking ‘what if’ can change the world”可知，作者认为我们应该留意日常事物并多思考“如果……会怎样”。故填We should notice everyday things and think “what if”. 7 / 10 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $