专题11 阅读还原五选五、五选四（记叙文）：逻辑工程师，搭建结构支架（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
2026-01-08
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| 学段 | 初中 |
|---|---|
| 学科 | 英语 |
| 教材版本 | - |
| 年级 | 九年级 |
| 章节 | - |
| 类型 | 教案-讲义 |
| 知识点 | - |
| 使用场景 | 中考复习-一轮复习 |
| 学年 | 2026-2027 |
| 地区（省份） | 湖南省 |
| 地区（市） | - |
| 地区（区县） | - |
| 文件格式 | ZIP |
| 文件大小 | 3.35 MB |
| 发布时间 | 2026-01-08 |
| 更新时间 | 2026-01-08 |
| 作者 | Forelsket |
| 品牌系列 | 上好课·一轮讲练测 |
| 审核时间 | 2026-01-08 |
| 下载链接 | https://m.zxxk.com/soft/55852590.html |
| 价格 | 4.00储值（1储值=1元） |
| 来源 | 学科网 |
摘要：
该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“记叙文阅读还原”专题，紧扣中考核心考点，覆盖情感态度、时间顺序与情节逻辑、细节呼应、叙述视角与对话功能四大命题要点，通过“考情剖析-考点突破-解题要点-优题精选”四阶教学流程，帮助学生构建解题逻辑链，突破情节衔接与情感推断难点。
亮点在于“以文体特征为导向，以核心素养为支撑”，如情感态度推断环节通过行为描写与环境烘托分析人物心理，培养思维品质；细节呼应训练结合前后文关键信息，提升语言能力。设计“典例精析+迁移运用”任务，如“修复旧物”故事主旨提炼，渗透文化意识。优题精选分梯度，配合即时反馈，教师可精准把控复习节奏，高效提升学生语篇重建与应考能力。
内容正文：
专题11 阅读还原五选四/五选五（记叙文）
目录
01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02·时空导航·网络构建 3
03·题型通关·靶向突破 3
考点一 题型破解 3
一、题型特点 3
二、选项规律 5
考点二 解题要点 5
一、情感态度 5
二、时间顺序与情节逻辑 8
三、细节呼应 10
四、叙述视角与对话功能 10
04·优题精选·练能提分 13
题型
考查形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
阅读补全之说明文
☑选择题
□非选择题
无
无
郴州卷
考情分析
一、命题特点分析
记叙文阅读填空的命题，紧密围绕其文体特征展开，旨在考查学生是否真正读懂了“故事”，而不仅仅是“句子”。
1. 情感态度：贯穿始终的隐藏线索
情感是记叙文的灵魂。命题者常常将体现人物情感变化、心理活动或价值判断的句子设为空白。学生必须像侦探一样，从上下文的行为描写、对话或环境渲染中，推断出人物此刻应有的情绪（如从“紧握双手、沉默”推断出“紧张”或“决心”）。干扰项则可能设置情感矛盾（上下文是喜悦，选项却是悲伤）或情感脱节（情感强度与事件严重程度不匹配）的陷阱。
2. 时间顺序与情节逻辑：故事的骨架
记叙文的基本脉络是时间顺序。设空处常位于标志时间推移（如After what seemed like hours...）、场景转换（如Back in his room, he...）或因果转折的关键节点。学生需要确保所选句子能让情节自然推进，符合“起因—经过—结果”的逻辑链。典型干扰项是逻辑倒置（把结果当成原因）或情节跳跃（缺少必要的过渡，使故事发展突兀）。
3. 细节呼应：赋予故事真实感的针脚
精彩的记叙文前后必有呼应。命题会考查学生对关键细节复现的敏感性。例如，前文提到“爷爷的老怀表”，后文可能设空“他拿出那件珍贵的礼物”；前文设定一个悬念，后文需给出解答。正确选项应与文中另一处的细节形成巧妙回响，而干扰项可能是无关细节（属于文中其他部分）或错误细节（与原文描述不符）。
4. 叙述视角与对话功能：谁在说，为何说
记叙文多采用第一人称或第三人称限知视角。填空时，必须保持叙述视角的一致性。如果全文是“我”的视角，选项突然转为“小明想”就会造成混乱。同时，对话是推动情节和展现人物的重要方式。设空若在对话中，则需判断此话符合说话人身份，并能实现其功能（如询问、安慰、反驳、揭示真相）。
命题预测
湖南中考记叙文阅读填空的命题设计，深度体现了新课标的核心素养要求，其思路可总结为以下三个层面：
1. 立意核心：超越情节，把握主旨与成长
命题的终极目的不是考查学生复述故事的能力，而是考查其从故事中提炼核心主旨、领悟成长启示的能力。文章往往讲述一个关于挫折、友谊、诚信、勇气或理解的“小故事”，但指向的是情感态度价值观的“大主题”。例如，一个关于“修复旧物”的故事，主旨可能是“珍惜传承”或“耐心与专注的价值”。填空的句子，常常就是点明或强烈暗示这一主旨的关键句。
2. 能力考查：综合推断与语篇重建
这题型要求学生进行积极的“语篇重建”。学生需利用已知信息，进行综合推断：结合情感线索、情节逻辑和细节暗示，在脑海中补全故事图景。这不仅需要语言知识，更需要生活常识和共情能力去理解人物的合理反应。例如，面对冲突后，人物合理的心理活动可能是反思而非抱怨，这需要学生基于上下文和普遍价值观进行判断。
3. 干扰设计：精准区分“读故事”与“懂故事”
干扰项的设计旨在区分表面理解和深度理解。常见的高阶陷阱包括：
· 情节合理但情感不符：选项所述事件可能发生，但附带的情感色彩（如冷漠、狂喜）与上下文氛围冲突。
· 概述正确但细节失真：选项大意似乎对，但其中的某个关键词（如时间、地点、具体动作）与原文已有设定矛盾。
· 主旨偏离：选项可能引申出一个看似深刻但与本文核心关联不大的道理，犯了“过度拔高”的错误。
考点一 题型破解
一、题型特点
记叙文阅读填空的命题，完全围绕其文体特征展开，旨在考查学生是否真正理解了“故事”的流动与内核，其特点鲜明：
1. 考查本质：情节逻辑与情感连贯
该题型要求学生像“电影剪辑师”一样，能将断裂的叙事片段重新衔接成流畅的故事。其核心不是概括静态信息，而是理解动态发展的情节链条（先发生什么，后导致什么）和情感脉络（人物因何而喜、为何而悲）。答案必须符合叙事的内在逻辑和情感的真实性。
2. 思维过程：推理、共情与整合
解题是一个主动的“故事重建”过程。学生需要依据上下文线索，推断空白处应有的合理情节发展、人物自然反应或关键对话。这要求学生不仅能理解字面意思，还要能进行逻辑推理和情感共情，将人物、事件、情感整合成一个有意义的整体。
3. 答案特征：推动叙事的“关键一环”
正确选项通常是推动故事向前发展、揭示人物变化或深化主题的“必需环节”。它必须使前后文在情节和情感上都衔接得天衣无缝，读起来顺理成章。它往往不是对事实的陈述，而是对行动、反应或感悟的描述。
4. 与说明文的核心差异：
VS 说明文填空：说明文考查逻辑关系（因果、转折、举例等），答案侧重“衔接观点”；记叙文考查叙事连贯，答案侧重“推进故事”或“外化情感”。
VS 记叙文细节理解题：细节题问“故事中某个具体事实是什么”，阅读填空则问“为了使故事完整、合理，这里应该发生什么或人物应该说什么/想什么”。
二、选项的普遍规律
干扰项类型
核心特征与命题逻辑
典型例子（假设一篇关于“克服演讲恐惧”的记叙文）
情感逻辑断裂
选项所体现的人物情感、态度或动机，与上下文中描述的事件、行为或已知人物性格明显矛盾。
上下文：描述主角在赛前反复练习，手心出汗，非常紧张。
干扰项：He felt completely confident and relaxed. (他感到完全自信和放松。)
正解特征：能准确反映紧张或逐步克服紧张的过程，如 He took a deep breath to calm himself. (他深呼吸让自己平静下来。)。
情节因果混乱
选项扭曲了事件之间的因果、先后或逻辑关系，导致情节发展不合常理或出现跳跃。
上下文：前文讲主角因帮助他人而迟到，匆忙赶到现场。
干扰项：As a result, he arrived early and prepared well. (结果，他早到并准备充分。)
正解特征：能合理承接“迟到”的后果，如 So, he missed the introduction part. (因此，他错过了介绍部分。)。
细节信息错位
选项中的某个具体细节（时间、地点、人物特征、物品）与原文中已明确提及的信息直接冲突。
原文设定：故事发生在夏天的校园。
干扰项：He put on his heavy winter coat. (他穿上了厚重的冬衣。)
正解特征：所有细节与故事背景、人物设定保持一致。
叙述视角偏离
选项的叙述人称（如突然从“I”变成“He”）或说话者口吻与全文设定的视角不统一，或对话内容明显不符合说话人的身份与性格。
全文视角：以第一人称“我”叙述。
干扰项：She thought I was too nervous. (她觉得我太紧张了。) —— 突然插入第三人称内心活动，视角混乱。
正解特征：严格保持视角一致，如 I thought I was too nervous. (我觉得我太紧张了。)。
主题关联薄弱
选项描述的内容孤立于主线情节之外，属于无关的旁枝末节，虽可能成立，但删去也不影响故事核心推进，填入则使行文涣散。
文章主线：讲述通过团队合作赢得比赛。
干扰项：He also spent a weekend learning to cook. (他还花了一个周末学习烹饪。)
正解特征：所有内容紧密围绕“团队合作”与“比赛”展开。
考点二 解题要点
一、情感态度
一、解题核心
识别并推断人物在特定情节中的情感状态、心理活动或态度变化，选出使人物反应符合叙事逻辑、情感真实的选项。情感是连接事件与人物行为的桥梁，是推动记叙文情节发展的内在动力。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：定位上下文，捕捉情感线索
仔细阅读空白处前后1-2句话。寻找直接或间接的情感提示：
1. 直接描述：如 felt happy, was disappointed, looked excited。
2. 行为与生理反应：如 tears came to her eyes（暗示悲伤/感动），jumped for joy（暗示兴奋）。
3. 环境与对话烘托：如 The dark clouds gathered（可能烘托低落/紧张）；他人的对话 (“Don‘t worry!”) 可能反衬主角的担忧。
步骤二：推断情感，匹配合理选项
基于捕捉到的线索，推断人物此刻最可能的情感或想法。在选项中寻找能合理解释上文行为/处境，并自然引出下文行动/结果的情感表述。
· 正向匹配：上文提到“收到梦校录取信”，下文写“他冲出去告诉家人”，则空白处应填入 He was overjoyed. 之类的积极情感。
· 转折匹配：上文是“努力训练但比赛失利”，下文是“他决定更加刻苦”，则空白处可能填入 Though he felt sad, he didn't give up. 体现转折中的复杂态度。
步骤三：代入验证，确保真实连贯
将所选选项代入原文，以人物的视角从头朗读。检查情感是否：
1. 真实可信：在此情境下，一个真实的人是否会产生这样的感受？
2. 连贯一致：此次情感与人物之前的表现、之后的行动是否连贯？是否与整个故事的情感基调（如温暖的、励志的）相符？
三、解题原则
原则名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
情感因果对应原则
人物的情感必须由上文具体事件合理引发，并能导致下文相应行为。情感是“事件”与“行动”间的必要纽带。
问自己：1. 因为发生了A（上文事件），所以人物会感到B（选项情感）吗？2. 因为感到B（选项情感），所以人物才会去做C（下文行动）吗？两个答案都必须是“是”。
情感无源：选项情感（如“狂喜”）缺乏上文事件的足够支撑。
情感与行为脱节：选项情感（如“漠不关心”）无法解释下文人物强烈的主动行为（如“立即帮忙”）。
情感发展合理原则
人物的情感或态度可以变化，但转变必须有铺垫、合逻辑，且符合人物基本性格设定。
若涉及情感转折（如从沮丧到振作），检查：1. 是否有触发事件（如他人鼓励、自我反思）？2. 转变后的态度是否与人物一贯性格（如坚强）不冲突？
情感跳跃：情感发生180度突变却无任何缘由。
人设崩塌：选项情感（如自私的幸灾乐祸）与文中塑造的人物基本形象（如善良）完全矛盾。
表达强度匹配原则
情感表达的强烈程度需与事件的重要程度、上下文描写的激烈程度相匹配。
判断事件是日常小事还是重大转折。对比选项中情感词的强弱（如 a bit sorry 对比 deeply regretted），选择与情境严重性最匹配的一项。
反应过度：对小事表现出极度激烈的情感（如把打翻水杯描述为“绝望”）。
反应不足：对重大事件表现出过于平淡的情感（如把夺冠描述为“有点高兴”）。
【典例1-1】
This morning, Frank was in a hurry to get to the office because someone was waiting for him there. 1 All the cars were lined up, and drivers were honking (按喇叭) at each other in anger. Frank got out of his car and moved forward to see what was causing the traffic jam.
At a turn, he saw a young man trying hard to restart his car. 2 Everyone there was just staring at (盯着看) the man without offering any help. At the same time, they were blaming (责备) the man for the traffic jam. The number of cars stuck in traffic was growing, and the man looked very embarrassed (尴尬的).
A．Unluckily, he was caught in a traffic jam.
B．Clearly, the car was broken for some reason.
C．Correcting mistakes is a good way to succeed.
D．Seeing this, Frank quickly went to help the man.
E．Also, forgiving others is a smart choice because it stops fights and passes on kindness.
【答案】1. A 2. B
【解析】1．根据“All the cars were lined up, and drivers were honking (按喇叭) at each other in anger.”可知，所有车辆都排起了长队，司机们怒气冲冲地互相按喇叭，说明Frank遇到了交通堵塞，选项A“不幸的是，他遇上了交通堵塞。”符合语境，故选A。
2．根据“he saw a young man trying hard to restart his car”可知，他看到一个年轻人正使劲儿尝试重新启动他的汽车，说明车出了故障，选项B“显然，车子因为某种原因坏了。”符合语境，故选B。
【迁移运用1-1】
In our lives, we all make mistakes. These mistakes are usually not on purpose but happen because of unexpected situations at times. When others make mistakes, we often blame them, but when we make mistakes, we want others to understand and help us. However, during difficult times, we should focus on solving the problem instead of blaming others. 1
A．Unluckily, he was caught in a traffic jam.
B．Clearly, the car was broken for some reason.
C．Correcting mistakes is a good way to succeed.
D．Seeing this, Frank quickly went to help the man.
E．Also, forgiving others is a smart choice because it stops fights and passes on kindness.
二、时间顺序与情节逻辑
一、解题核心
识别并重建事件发展的自然链条，确保所选选项能使故事的先后顺序、因果关系和整体逻辑完整、通顺。这是理解记叙文“发生了什么”以及“为何发生”的基础。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：速读梳理，明确叙事主线
快速通读全文，忽略空白，把握故事的四要素：
1. 主要人物：故事围绕谁展开？
2. 核心事件：主要人物在做什么？目标是什么？
3. 基本顺序：故事大体是按时间、空间还是倒叙/插叙展开？
4. 当前阶段：空白处所在的情节，处于故事的开始、发展、转折还是结局部分？
步骤二：精确定位，分析逻辑“缺口”
精读空白处前后一到两句话，像侦探一样分析逻辑“缺口”：
1. 判断关系：前后文是时间先后（然后……）、因果（因为……所以……）、转折（虽然……但是……）还是步骤流程（首先……接着……）关系？
2. 寻找线索：寻找显性的时间词（then, after that, finally）、因果词（so, because, as a result）或隐含的行为结果（一个行动必然导致某个后果）。
步骤三：代入验证，检查叙事流
将最可能的选项代入，执行“叙事流检查”：
1. 顺序检查：从空白处前一句读到后一句，事件发展是否自然流畅，没有时间上的跳跃或颠倒？
2. 因果检查：前因后果是否必然合理？选项放入后，情节是否变得更易理解？
3. 整体检查：这个情节放入后，是否让整个故事的推进更符合常理？
三、解题原则
原则名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
顺序合理原则
事件的发生必须符合时间的自然流向或事理的先后顺序（如先准备后行动，先发现问题后解决问题）。
1. 画时间线：在心里或草稿上列出已知事件顺序。
2. 对号入座：检查选项事件能否在时间线上找到唯一、合理的位置。
时序颠倒：将明显后发生的事（如“庆祝胜利”）放到了前提事件（如“开始比赛”）之前。
步骤缺失：跳过必要环节（如“未学知识”直接跳到“应用成功”）。
因果紧密原则
事件之间应存在直接、合理的因果联系。选项常常是某个结果的“直接原因”，或是某个原因的“必然结果”。
运用“因为…所以…”进行句式验证。将选项与上下文分别代入，检查因果关系是否成立且紧密。
因果倒置：把结果当成原因（如因“感到快乐”而“收到礼物”，逻辑应反过来）。
强加因果：两个事件仅有先后关系，却被选项强行解释为因果关系。
逻辑自洽原则
填充情节后，整个故事在常识、人物动机和情节设定上必须自我一致，没有矛盾。
1. 常识判断：情节发展是否符合生活或逻辑常识？
2. 动机审视：人物的行动是否有合理的解释？
3. 设定核对：情节是否符合故事已设定的背景（如人物能力、环境限制）？
违背常识：发生现实中极小概率或不可能的事（如无任何训练突然夺冠）。
动机矛盾：人物的行动与其之前声明的目标或性格截然相反。
脱离设定：在沙漠故事中突然出现划船情节，却无合理解释。
【典例2-1】
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911 1 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that the People’s Republic of China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 2 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard 3 D On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air.
A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too.
B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China?
C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study.
D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely.
E．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization.
【答案】1．C 2．E
【解析】1．根据前文“Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911”可知，此处介绍了钱学森的出生信息，后文“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”又提到毕业后他在美国工作了几年的情况，由此推知，空格处应介绍他去美国学习的情况。选项C“24岁时，他去美国学习。”符合语境，故选C。
2．根据后文“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织成为中国火箭和航空旅行的领先组织，由此推知，空格处应提到这个组织的建立。选项E“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境，故选E。
【迁移运用2-1】
“Sugar pills”—a live oral polio vaccine(口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗), were developed by Gu Fangzhou, a famous scientist from China. 1
In 1926, Gu Fangzhou was born in Ningbo City. Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father. 2 But he got out of all the difficulties and entered the Peking University’s medical department in 1944. 3
In 1955, a severe polio epidemic broke out in Nantong. In 1957, Gu Fangzhou led research to prevent the disease. 4 The vaccine needed to be kept at a temperature of two to eight but it was impossible to provide a fridge in those days. In the early 1960s, he developed two kinds of live vaccine-sugar pills.
“I feel satisfied. I can tell people that I tried my best, and your kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu Fangzhou. “ 5 ”
A．That’s all I have hoped for.
B．He spent his whole life developing polio vaccine.
C．And at school, he was laughed at because he was poor.
D．After several years, Gu Fangzhou decided to work for the public health.
E．Two years later, Gu succeeded in developing the first live polio vaccine.
三、细节呼应
一、解题核心
识别文本中关键细节的前后关联，选出能与文中已有信息形成精确对应、解释或发展的选项，从而保证故事内部的严谨与完整。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：前瞻后顾，定位关联线索
仔细阅读空白处前后至少一个完整句群。主动寻找可能构成呼应的线索，包括：
1. 显性线索：具体名词（如 a red kite, the key）、数字、专有名词（人名、地名）、特定动作。
2. 隐性线索：上文提出的问题、承诺、悬念、需求，或暗示的某种特征、状态。
步骤二：匹配选项，建立精准链接
将各选项与定位到的线索进行比对，判断其是：
1. 直接复现：选项是对上文线索的直接回应、兑现或结果呈现（如：上文说“需要一把钥匙”，选项是“他找到了那把钥匙”）。
2. 同义转述：选项用不同方式指代或描述同一事物/概念。
3. 逻辑发展：选项是上文线索合乎逻辑的下一步（如：上文“她埋下种子”，选项是“她每天浇水”）。
步骤三：代入验证，确保闭环
将选项代入，检查呼应是否成立：
1. 内容一致：细节（颜色、数量、特征）是否与原文设定完全吻合，无矛盾。
2. 逻辑闭环：是否使前文的悬念得到解释、问题得到解决、铺垫产生意义。
3. 移除测试：若去掉该选项，上下文是否会出现信息缺口或逻辑断裂。
三、解题原则
原则
名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
微观精准原则
呼应的微观细节（如物品特征、具体数据）必须与原文设定完全一致。
充当“校对员”，核对选项与原文中对应名词的修饰语、数量、状态是否一字不差。
细节失真：偷换细节（如将“蓝色书包”呼应成“红色书包”）。
信息矛盾：与文中已明确信息冲突（如上文“只有两人”，选项出现“第三人”）。
宏观呼应原则
选项应与前文更宏观的叙事元素（如核心问题、核心任务、人物核心特质）形成有力呼应。
问自己：这个选项是否在推动解决故事的核心矛盾？是否在展现人物的核心特质或成长？
呼应乏力：选项只与某个次要、偶然的细节有关，与故事主线脱节。
呼应错位：回应了一个文中并未重点铺垫或无需解决的问题。
功能匹配原则
细节呼应的方式（是解答悬念、兑现承诺，还是展示结果）必须符合其在文中的预设功能。
判断前文线索的功能是设悬、铺垫还是伏笔，然后选择能完美实现该功能的选项。
功能失效：前文设悬，选项却未解悬；前文铺垫，选项却未利用该铺垫。
功能冗余：选项呼应了一个本身已完整、无需额外说明的信息。
避免过度解读原则
呼应关系应基于文本明确提供或强烈暗示的信息，而非读者脱离文本的主观联想或臆测。
所有呼应关系都必须在文中找到至少一处明确的文字依据。
主观臆断：建立的联系在文中无任何依据，属于强加的逻辑。
过度引申：赋予某个普通细节过度的象征或暗示意义
【典例3-1】
Stephen Hawking was a great British scientist. 1
As a scientist, Hawking was the most famous expert for studying black holes (黑洞). He thought that the universe (宇宙) started with the Big Bang (大爆炸) and would be destroyed by black holes. 2
A．He also believed that black holes would disappear one day.
B．He traveled around the world.
C．Many people think he was the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein.
D．His disease stopped him from learning other languages.
E．Hawking had a serious illness that started when he was 21.
【答案】 1．C 2．A
【解析】1．根据“Stephen Hawking was a great British scientist.”可知，此处需要一个句子来承接和评价他的地位。选项C“许多人认为他是继阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦之后最伟大的科学家。”符合语境，是对首句的进一步说明和赞誉。故选C。
2．根据“He thought that the universe started with the Big Bang and would be destroyed by black holes.”可知，此处是关于霍金对黑洞的看法，前后应围绕同一主题。选项A“他也相信黑洞有一天会消失。”与前后文逻辑连贯，构成了他对黑洞“产生与消亡”的完整观点。故选A。
【迁移运用3-1】
19-year-old Martha Larsen has been a personal trainer for over a year. When she was younger, she wanted to be a footballer. 1 “I was sad at first,” she says, “So my mom and dad suggested I join a gym. I grew to love that, and soon I was helping others get started.”
Before long, people were coming to Martha for help. 2 And some are more than twice her age! 3 “With me, it’s not just about getting fitter.” She says. As well as making her students train very hard, she helps them think about what they eat. “ 4 If I do my job well, my students will sleep, work and play better.”
Martha still lives with her parents. 5 “A lot of personal trainers dream of moving to Hollywood (好莱坞) and getting rich by training the stars,” she says. “I’ll be happy if I make enough money to buy my own apartment.”
A．Eating healthily is so important.
B．Now she has over 40 students.
C．However, she doesn’t want to stay there for too long.
D．Martha believes she offers something other trainers do not.
E．Unluckily, she broke her leg at the age of 16.
四、叙述视角与对话功能
一、解题核心
识别并确保文本叙述视角的一致性，理解对话在推动情节、揭示信息和塑造人物方面的特定功能，从而选择与叙述者身份、说话者角色及上下文目的最匹配的选项。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：判断视角，明确功能
1. 定视角：快速确定全文或本段的叙述视角。是第一人称（I, we）还是第三人称（he, she, they, 人名）？叙述者是故事主角、旁观者还是全知者？
2. 明功能：分析空白处所需的句子（或对话）在上下文中的作用。它是为了推进情节（如告知一个新决定）、揭示信息（如解释一个秘密）、展现人物关系或性格（如通过争吵显示冲突），还是抒发情感？
步骤二：分析并匹配
1. 匹配视角：检查选项中的代词（I, you, he, she）、称谓和观察角度是否与全文或本段已确立的叙述视角严格一致。第一人称叙述中不应出现叙述者不可能知道的他人内心想法。
2. 匹配身份与功能：如果空白处是对话或人物想法：
身份匹配：说话的内容、语气、用词是否符合说话人的年龄、身份、性格及与听话人的关系？（如孩子不会说教条的大道理）
功能实现：选项内容是否能最有效地实现步骤一中判断的预期功能？（如要“解决误会”，选项应是解释性或和解性的话语，而非继续指责）
步骤三：代入验证，检查流畅度
将选项代入，以叙述者的口吻或人物的语气朗读。检查：
1. 视角是否跳脱：叙述视角是否突然改变或出现矛盾信息？
2. 对话是否“在场”：对话内容是否与当下发生的场景、事件紧密相关，而非脱离情境的闲聊？
3. 行文是否自然：加入后，整体的叙述流是否更加顺畅、合理？
三、解题原则
原则
名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
视角一致原则
叙述的观察角度、人称和所知范围必须前后统一，不能出现视角混乱或信息越界。
1. 锁定“镜头”：明确叙述者是谁，他/她能看到、听到、知道什么。
2. 检查越界：确保选项没有提供该叙述者不可能知道的信息（如第一人称叙述中，他人未说出的内心活动）。
视角跳跃：在第三人称叙述中，突然插入第一人称“我”的感想。
信息越界：在限知视角下，描述了叙述者不在场或无法感知的场景细节。
话语身份匹配原则
人物对话或独白的内容、用词、语气必须符合其身份、性格、年龄、教育背景及与对话者的关系。
1. 建立人物卡：根据上文总结说话人的关键特征（如“害羞的孩子”、“严厉的老师”）。
2. 对比验证：判断选项的话语风格（正式/随意、复杂/简单、直接/委婉）是否与该特征匹配。
身份失调：小孩说出成人式、过于成熟或官方的话语。
性格矛盾：文中塑造的“友善者”说出冷漠、讽刺的言语。
话语功能聚焦原则
对话或心理活动应直接服务于当下的情节发展或人物刻画，具有明确的叙事功能，而非无关的“噪音”。
对每一个对话选项提问：“这句话在此处说完后，对推动故事或塑造人物有什么具体作用？” 答案必须清晰。
功能偏离：对话内容与当前情节的核心冲突或目标无关，岔开话题。
功能冗余：对话重复表达已明确的信息或情感，没有提供新信息或推动力
【典例4-1】
From the other side of the hall, Leela was smiling and watching them. Noticing Leela’s eyes on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: “See, I don’t have any language barriers here. 1 ” At that moment, she understood: we’re all simple humans, and we have the ability to connect (联系) with each other.
A．Then more children joined.
B．We can speak and communicate!
C．All the children there were very young.
D．After some time, one of the children smiled at her.
E．While she was there, she stayed with her Indian friend, Leela.
【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“Noticing Leela’s eyes on her Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: ‘See, I don’t have any language barriers here.’”可知，前文提到珍妮意识到自己在这里没有语言障碍，由此推知，空格处应描述珍妮对这种无障碍交流的感慨。选项B“我们可以说话和交流！”符合语境，故选B。
【迁移运用4-1】
A student said, “ 1 Now, I can see real ones and learn how they grow.” The other girl said, “I grew up in the city and thought farming was something old. 2 Farming is really important.”
A．Before the activities, I knew about soybeans only from books.
B．They learned a lot about crops.
C．But after going to the fields, I changed my ideas.
D．In a word, this experience opened their eyes and helped them gain knowledge.
E．They touched the wheat and learned that people usually harvest the wheat at the end of May.
Passage 1
In today’s society (社会), many people feel stressed. 1 So many people want themselves to relax and experience something nice.
Li Ziqi, a young and beautiful girl, was born in Sichuan Province in southwest China. She is famous as a online video maker (自媒体制作者). She has more than 50 million fans in China and another 8 million in other countries . But she remains a mystery (秘密) to many of them. In her videos, she doesn’t speak. 2
Li grew up with her grandparents in the countryside. She says she came to live with them after her stepmother mistreated (虐待) her. But her grandparents were very poor. 3 In 2012, she decided to come back to the countryside to take care of her grandmother. Four years later, she started filming (拍摄) her life there. She simply wanted people in the city to know where their food came from. But today, three years, after she first picked up the camera, Li is one of China’s most successful online video makers. She said, “Success is a heavy word. I’m just filming my life or I’m just filming the life that I want. 4 .”
A．Now she’s ready to open up to us.
B．She is very famous as a online video maker.
C．So when she was 14, she went to work in the city.
D．They face a lot of pressure at work.
E．I have to work harder and do things that are meaningful.
Passage 2
Tom Hanks is well known to many people. He once acted in the films Forrest Gump and The DaVinci Code. But do you know that he was not popular with his classmates and teachers at all when he was very young?
Tom Hanks was born in California. 1 But I kept optimistic (乐观的). I never kept those bad things in my mind and I didn’t care about others’ thoughts, so I didn’t get into trouble. Later I took acting classes. The classes were the best places for me because I liked making noise. 2 I would never go there with others. I would just drive to a theatre alone. 3
Tom Hanks has played many different roles. His performance in Sleepless in Seattle was so successful that it became the turning point of Tom Hanks’ career (职业生涯). 4 Tom Hanks’ road to success hasn’t been very smooth, but he has worked very hard and never given up. 5
A．Finally he has found his own place in the world of movies.
B．He once said to a reporter, “When I was young, maybe others thought of me as a stupid boy.
C．I put myself into the theatre shows and spent a lot of time learning how to act.
D．I often went to the movies.
E．Then his movie Philadelphia made him win the sixty-sixth Oscar as best actor.
Passage 3
Wang Zi, from Beijing, loves mime (哑剧). He has practiced the art for nine years and got a prize (奖) at the Wuzhen Theater Festival. 1 He performs by using body language instead of words. Sometimes it’s a two-hour-long show with a whole story, and sometimes it’s a short story in life. In a word, his show is so great. In fact, Wang prefers to show short stories to people. 2 In his opinion, there are two reasons for that. First, he loves short stories. Second, he is the freest when he performs them.
“Miming is a very free form of art for both the actors and the audience (观众),” he said. “ 3 Miming is all about using your imagination, and that’s what makes it so attractive.”
Actors also need to have good acting skills, of course.
“ 4 But it requires years of training to make your body expressive,” Wang explained. To improve his shows, he has borrowed skills from other art forms like voice stunts (口技). Several years ago, when Wang finished studying in the Performance Institute of Beijing Film Academy, he became interested in miming. 2 Then he taught himself and later started the Nadading Troupe (表演团). The troupe is said to be Beijing’s only mime troupe. You can’t find another one in Beijing.
A．Do you know why?
B．Everyone knows how to speak.
C．You’ll be excited after you watch his mime show.
D．However, he couldn’t find a teacher to learn from.
E．Whatever language you speak, you can understand it.
Passage 4
Qian Xuesen was a famous scientist in China. 1 It is because of his important work in space technology. Besides, he is also called “the King of the Rocket” for his great achievements in rocket science. His work played an important role in China’s missile (导弹) and space technology. 2
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. At the age of 24, he went to America to study. After finishing his studies, he stayed there and worked for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been established (成立). He wanted to go back and help his country, even though he had a good job in America. The American government tried to stop him, but in 1955, he managed to return to China. 3 This later became the main force in China’s space program. At that time, things were very difficult in China. But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. They worked hard to solve the problems. Finally, on April 24, 1970, China successfully launched (发射) its first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong 1”. 4
Qian Xuesen is a hero to many people. 5 His love for his country and his desire to help it grow and develop will always be remembered.
A．It was a big success for Qian and his team.
B．Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization.
C．With his help, China’s space technology developed very fast.
D．He showed that with hard work and dedication (奉献), anything is possible.
E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.”
Passage 5
My favorite Chinese book is To Live. It is a masterpiece (杰作) by Chinese writer Yu Hua. 1 At the time, I didn’t quite understand what the title of the novel meant.
2 The story includes many of the important events in China’s recent history—the War of Liberation, the land reform in the 1950s, and the “Cultural Revolution” (1966—1976).
I was able to learn what Chinese society was like before the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. It took me on a journey as if I were the main character traveling through time, seeing all these important events. 3 Before, he was the spoiled (宠坏的) son of a landlord (地主), and after, he became a peasant. I felt sad for Fugui. Over time, he loses his friends, family and loved ones. He has to face all of these things by himself. 4
I find Chinese or Eastern literature to be very different from Western literature. 5 For example, Western writers often take a lot of time to describe characters’ feelings. Stories in Eastern novels, however, often feature characters working as a team.
However, I still have a strong passion (热情) toward Chinese literature and culture.
A．The way of thinking is just completely different.
B．I think that fate (命运) played a cruel trick (残酷的玩笑) on him.
C．The first time I read this book, I was in high school—a public school in Beijing.
D．It was very interesting to see the contrast (对比) between Fugui’s status before and after 1949.
E．Soon I found out that To Live describes the life of an old Chinese peasant (农民), Xu Fugui.
Passage 6
It is thought that some people are sure to be failures (失败者). As a saying goes, “A bird with a broken wing (翅膀) will never fly high.”
1 He failed almost every course. Teachers always felt upset when they saw his name on their classroom lists.
When he was in the fifth grade, all the students needed to take part in a community program. At the beginning, Jackie stood against the back wall, outside the circle of students. 2 Jackie had some interesting ideas and other students all listened carefully.
The next day, Jackie was very active in all the activities. He also joined the Homeless Project team. 3 However, a group of teachers were against this decision. The headmaster reminded them that the purpose of this community program was to discover any positive passion (热情) that a student had and reinforce (加强)its practice until true change can take place.
Two weeks later, Jackie led a group of 70 students to collect food. 4 The local newspaper covered the activity with a full-page article. Jackie’s picture was up there for doing something great.
5 Once it has healed (痊愈), it can fly higher than the rest.
A．Jackie always caused trouble at school.
B．The broken wing of a bird only needs fixing.
C．They set a record of 2854 cans in two hours.
D．But slowly, the game-creating activity caught his attention.
E．The school headmaster chose Jackie to be the head of the team.
Passage 7
Hi, everyone. I’m Yao Ming. 1 That’s where I met my first NBA star, Tim Hardaway. He looked like the rest of us—two hands, two legs, one head—but he was quicker than anybody I’d ever seen, especially the way he played with the ball. 2 I don’t remember who the best player in camp was because I didn’t know what good basketball was then. There were eighty-five players at the camp, and I wore number 85. I wasn’t worried about how good Hardaway was because at that time I was just thinking I would play in the Chinese Basketball Association. 3
4 I was there for only six days, but I learnt a lot—not just about basketball, but maybe about myself and my place in the world of basketball. I found out there were a lot of great players outside China and how good a player could be. I knew for the first time where I stood among the best young players in the world. 5 There was no way to really know that until I left China.
Looking back on this experience, basketball taught me far more than just skills. Only by always keeping running hard and bravely stepping out of your comfort zone can you see your place clearly in a broader world.
A．“I’m not that good, but I’m not that bad.”
B．The trip to Paris made a big impression on me.
C．He would challenge everyone to play one-on-one until he was too tired to move.
D．I left China for the first time in 1997 to go to the Nike camp in Paris.
E．I didn’t think I would see anyone like him again.
Passage 8
For the past 21 years, the Touching China Annual People Award (感动中国年度人物奖) has given prizes to people from all walks across the country. 1
When talking about the greatest physicists in the world, Yang Zhenning is a name never to be forgotten. Let’s get to know more about him now. Yang is a 100-year-old famous physicist. 2 When he was young, he showed a great talent in physics. He was given the prize because of making great contributions (贡献) to physics.
In 1957, Yang was studying in the US. He and another physicist, Tsung-Dao Lee, came up with a physics theory together. 3 Their achievement proved that Chinese scientists could be the best in the world.
No matter where he has been, Yang Zhenning has always had his motherland in mind. However, the bad relationship between China and America prevented Chinese scientists who received doctor degrees in the US from returning to China.
Then, in 1971, Yang finally got the chance to return to China for a visit. Later, Yang sold a house in the US, donating the money to Tsinghua University. 4
5 Turing Award winner Yao Qizhi, physicist Wu Xiaogang and mathematician (数学家) Zhang Shouwu gave up excellent pay and decided to make great contributions to their motherland.
A．Under his influence, many overseas Chinese students returned to China.
B．They are the people who warm our hearts with their actions.
C．In 2003, Yang returned to China and also taught in Tsinghua.
D．He was born in 1922 in Hefei, Anhui province.
E．Months later, the two won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their theory.
Passage 9
“Arm wrestling” was one of my favorite ways to play with my brothers growing up. 1
I also put up a good fight while arm wrestling with my older brother and his friends. Their greater strength and experience made the challenge even more interesting. 2
As a scientist, I have studied elephants in the wild for 30 years. I have seen that playing is a great way to spend time together, yet there is much more to play than just fun and games. That’s also true for us.
When humans and other animals play, they are building trust with brothers, sisters, and friends. They learn how far they can push their peers before anyone becomes angry or physically hurt. 1
When playing with someone younger, older playmates sometimes pretend to be weaker or less skilled than they really are. 2 It helps younger players learn skills and explore how strong they are beyond what they can do with others of their age.
Play offers a safe space, where everyone knows the rules and can try new ways to move, think, and respond to others. Rules matter. 3 Even crows remember cheaters and do not trust them later.
A．Every match seemed to end in a good laugh, no matter who won.
B．Those who break them lose trust.
C．This is called “holding back”.
D．That’s called “testing limits (极限).”
E．It was an easy way for my younger brother and me to test our strength safely.
Passage 10
As the world marks the 80th anniversary of the victory over fascism (反法西斯), a moving Chinese film, Dead To Rights, gives us a special look at history. 1 Instead, it uses the photo studio to show how ordinary people wake up and fight back in difficult times of history.
In the fallen city, among those who find safety in Jixiang Photo Studio is a postman called Su Liuchang, played by Liu Haoran. He was ordered to develop films for Japanese soldiers. 2 He and his friends risked their lives to keep these photos and show them to the world.
3 All the actors and actresses are strictly chosen and they all play their roles very well. Besides, a lot of preparation has been made before shooting the movie, such as technical work, realistic sets, background music and historical facts.
4 When the studio owner Lao Jin shouts, “Every inch of our beautiful land must never be given up,” or when modern Nanjing streets are intercut (穿插) with war time ruins, viewers feel deeply what our forefathers (先辈们) have done to protect truth and dignity. “While watching the movie, I see not just history coming to life like a photo, but a symbol of a strong, unbroken spirit of our nation,” a 24-year-old university student from Nanjing says.
Dead To Rights is a serious look back and a deep thought on history. 5 They all have something in common, reminding us to remember the past and cherish today’s peace.
A．However, there is something more.
B．The film does not show big war scenes.
C．Dead To Rights turns out to be a huge success.
D．So far, many similar movies have been brought to the screen.
E．He accidentally finds photos that show their cruel (残酷的) crimes.
Passage 11
Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. However, he wasn’t the first person to think of the idea. In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognized as the inventor a few years ago. Who is Meucci and why wasn’t he known for his invention at the time?
Antonio Meucci was born in Italy in 1808. He studied engineering and drawing. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 1 When two places were connected with wires, people in those places could hear each other talk.
In 1850, Meucci and his wife, Ester, moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 2 To solve this problem, he connected his home and his workshop with metal cables. This way, they could talk to each other conveniently.
Meucci invited a group of people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer came through the wires.
4 Even worse, Meucci never applied for a patent (专利) on his invention. Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell was working on the same idea, and in 1876, the patent for the telephone was given to him.
In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government. 5
A．He didn’t invent the telephone overnight.
B．He needed to always keep in touch with her.
C．Unluckily, only a few people saw this happen.
D．He will be known all over the world as the telephone’s inventor.
E．He discovered that sound can travel through metal cables (金属电缆).
Passage 12
Li Ziqi is a fantastic Chinese video creator (创作者). Her videos are mainly about Chinese culture (文化). 1 She grew up in the countryside and had a hard life. But she still wanted to make her dream come true. 2 With her hard work, her videos became more and more popular. Both Chinese people and a large number of foreigners (外国人) love her videos. They love the beautiful scenery (风景) and the traditional handicrafts (手工艺品) in her videos.
However, she also had some hard times. In 2021, she stopped making videos because of business problems. 3 Luckily, in 2024, she came back with a new video. In this new video, she showed her fans Chinese lacquer ware (漆器). All her fans were interested in it. They learned more about Chinese culture after seeing the video. Li said, “I am never short of courage (勇气) if I want to do it. 4 ”
All in all, people can learn a lot about Chinese culture from Li Ziqi’s videos on the Internet. She has a great influence on spreading Chinese culture around the world.
A．I will try my best to make it the best.
B．For example, in her videos, we can see how to make Chinese food in a special way.
C．These skills are part of our intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产).
D．She started to make videos to show her life in the countryside.
E．This made her fans (粉丝) very sad, and they hoped to see her videos again.
Passage 13
Have you ever seen a robot go to college? 1 He’s going to study at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (上海戏剧学院), a top art school. People are talking about him online.
The robot is 1.75 meters tall. He looks like a handsome young man. He wears a pair of glasses and a light blue shirt. He always has a friendly smile. He can speak Chinese, make different expressions, and even run. He even won third place in a robot race. 2
This September, he’ll start a four-year PhD program. 3 For example, he’ll learn how to act, write plays, and design sets for the stage (舞台设计布景). His teacher, Professor Yang, says he’ll work with other students and write a big final paper. Although Xueba 01 is clever and good at sports, he still needs to study hard to get art!
Xueba 01 even made a joke about this. He said, “If I fail, maybe I’ll become a museum piece. That’s okay!” Lots of people expect him to make it. 4 No matter what happens, he’s making history.
A．He’ll learn Chinese opera.
B．In China, a robot named Xueba 01 is now a college student!
C．Although many people are sure the robot can really understand art.
D．But some people aren’t sure if a robot can really understand art.
E．So they are excited to watch him grow!
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专题11 阅读还原五选四/五选五（记叙文）
目录
01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02·时空导航·网络构建 3
03·题型通关·靶向突破 3
考点一 题型破解 3
一、题型特点 3
二、选项规律 5
考点二 解题要点 5
一、情感态度 5
二、时间顺序与情节逻辑 8
三、细节呼应 11
四、叙述视角与对话功能 14
04·优题精选·练能提分 14
题型
考查形式
2025年
2024年
2023年
阅读补全之说明文
☑选择题
□非选择题
无
无
郴州卷
考情分析
一、命题特点分析
记叙文阅读填空的命题，紧密围绕其文体特征展开，旨在考查学生是否真正读懂了“故事”，而不仅仅是“句子”。
1. 情感态度：贯穿始终的隐藏线索
情感是记叙文的灵魂。命题者常常将体现人物情感变化、心理活动或价值判断的句子设为空白。学生必须像侦探一样，从上下文的行为描写、对话或环境渲染中，推断出人物此刻应有的情绪（如从“紧握双手、沉默”推断出“紧张”或“决心”）。干扰项则可能设置情感矛盾（上下文是喜悦，选项却是悲伤）或情感脱节（情感强度与事件严重程度不匹配）的陷阱。
2. 时间顺序与情节逻辑：故事的骨架
记叙文的基本脉络是时间顺序。设空处常位于标志时间推移（如After what seemed like hours...）、场景转换（如Back in his room, he...）或因果转折的关键节点。学生需要确保所选句子能让情节自然推进，符合“起因—经过—结果”的逻辑链。典型干扰项是逻辑倒置（把结果当成原因）或情节跳跃（缺少必要的过渡，使故事发展突兀）。
3. 细节呼应：赋予故事真实感的针脚
精彩的记叙文前后必有呼应。命题会考查学生对关键细节复现的敏感性。例如，前文提到“爷爷的老怀表”，后文可能设空“他拿出那件珍贵的礼物”；前文设定一个悬念，后文需给出解答。正确选项应与文中另一处的细节形成巧妙回响，而干扰项可能是无关细节（属于文中其他部分）或错误细节（与原文描述不符）。
4. 叙述视角与对话功能：谁在说，为何说
记叙文多采用第一人称或第三人称限知视角。填空时，必须保持叙述视角的一致性。如果全文是“我”的视角，选项突然转为“小明想”就会造成混乱。同时，对话是推动情节和展现人物的重要方式。设空若在对话中，则需判断此话符合说话人身份，并能实现其功能（如询问、安慰、反驳、揭示真相）。
命题预测
湖南中考记叙文阅读填空的命题设计，深度体现了新课标的核心素养要求，其思路可总结为以下三个层面：
1. 立意核心：超越情节，把握主旨与成长
命题的终极目的不是考查学生复述故事的能力，而是考查其从故事中提炼核心主旨、领悟成长启示的能力。文章往往讲述一个关于挫折、友谊、诚信、勇气或理解的“小故事”，但指向的是情感态度价值观的“大主题”。例如，一个关于“修复旧物”的故事，主旨可能是“珍惜传承”或“耐心与专注的价值”。填空的句子，常常就是点明或强烈暗示这一主旨的关键句。
2. 能力考查：综合推断与语篇重建
这题型要求学生进行积极的“语篇重建”。学生需利用已知信息，进行综合推断：结合情感线索、情节逻辑和细节暗示，在脑海中补全故事图景。这不仅需要语言知识，更需要生活常识和共情能力去理解人物的合理反应。例如，面对冲突后，人物合理的心理活动可能是反思而非抱怨，这需要学生基于上下文和普遍价值观进行判断。
3. 干扰设计：精准区分“读故事”与“懂故事”
干扰项的设计旨在区分表面理解和深度理解。常见的高阶陷阱包括：
· 情节合理但情感不符：选项所述事件可能发生，但附带的情感色彩（如冷漠、狂喜）与上下文氛围冲突。
· 概述正确但细节失真：选项大意似乎对，但其中的某个关键词（如时间、地点、具体动作）与原文已有设定矛盾。
· 主旨偏离：选项可能引申出一个看似深刻但与本文核心关联不大的道理，犯了“过度拔高”的错误。
考点一 题型破解
一、题型特点
记叙文阅读填空的命题，完全围绕其文体特征展开，旨在考查学生是否真正理解了“故事”的流动与内核，其特点鲜明：
1. 考查本质：情节逻辑与情感连贯
该题型要求学生像“电影剪辑师”一样，能将断裂的叙事片段重新衔接成流畅的故事。其核心不是概括静态信息，而是理解动态发展的情节链条（先发生什么，后导致什么）和情感脉络（人物因何而喜、为何而悲）。答案必须符合叙事的内在逻辑和情感的真实性。
2. 思维过程：推理、共情与整合
解题是一个主动的“故事重建”过程。学生需要依据上下文线索，推断空白处应有的合理情节发展、人物自然反应或关键对话。这要求学生不仅能理解字面意思，还要能进行逻辑推理和情感共情，将人物、事件、情感整合成一个有意义的整体。
3. 答案特征：推动叙事的“关键一环”
正确选项通常是推动故事向前发展、揭示人物变化或深化主题的“必需环节”。它必须使前后文在情节和情感上都衔接得天衣无缝，读起来顺理成章。它往往不是对事实的陈述，而是对行动、反应或感悟的描述。
4. 与说明文的核心差异：
VS 说明文填空：说明文考查逻辑关系（因果、转折、举例等），答案侧重“衔接观点”；记叙文考查叙事连贯，答案侧重“推进故事”或“外化情感”。
VS 记叙文细节理解题：细节题问“故事中某个具体事实是什么”，阅读填空则问“为了使故事完整、合理，这里应该发生什么或人物应该说什么/想什么”。
二、选项的普遍规律
干扰项类型
核心特征与命题逻辑
典型例子（假设一篇关于“克服演讲恐惧”的记叙文）
情感逻辑断裂
选项所体现的人物情感、态度或动机，与上下文中描述的事件、行为或已知人物性格明显矛盾。
上下文：描述主角在赛前反复练习，手心出汗，非常紧张。
干扰项：He felt completely confident and relaxed. (他感到完全自信和放松。)
正解特征：能准确反映紧张或逐步克服紧张的过程，如 He took a deep breath to calm himself. (他深呼吸让自己平静下来。)。
情节因果混乱
选项扭曲了事件之间的因果、先后或逻辑关系，导致情节发展不合常理或出现跳跃。
上下文：前文讲主角因帮助他人而迟到，匆忙赶到现场。
干扰项：As a result, he arrived early and prepared well. (结果，他早到并准备充分。)
正解特征：能合理承接“迟到”的后果，如 So, he missed the introduction part. (因此，他错过了介绍部分。)。
细节信息错位
选项中的某个具体细节（时间、地点、人物特征、物品）与原文中已明确提及的信息直接冲突。
原文设定：故事发生在夏天的校园。
干扰项：He put on his heavy winter coat. (他穿上了厚重的冬衣。)
正解特征：所有细节与故事背景、人物设定保持一致。
叙述视角偏离
选项的叙述人称（如突然从“I”变成“He”）或说话者口吻与全文设定的视角不统一，或对话内容明显不符合说话人的身份与性格。
全文视角：以第一人称“我”叙述。
干扰项：She thought I was too nervous. (她觉得我太紧张了。) —— 突然插入第三人称内心活动，视角混乱。
正解特征：严格保持视角一致，如 I thought I was too nervous. (我觉得我太紧张了。)。
主题关联薄弱
选项描述的内容孤立于主线情节之外，属于无关的旁枝末节，虽可能成立，但删去也不影响故事核心推进，填入则使行文涣散。
文章主线：讲述通过团队合作赢得比赛。
干扰项：He also spent a weekend learning to cook. (他还花了一个周末学习烹饪。)
正解特征：所有内容紧密围绕“团队合作”与“比赛”展开。
考点二 解题要点
一、情感态度
一、解题核心
识别并推断人物在特定情节中的情感状态、心理活动或态度变化，选出使人物反应符合叙事逻辑、情感真实的选项。情感是连接事件与人物行为的桥梁，是推动记叙文情节发展的内在动力。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：定位上下文，捕捉情感线索
仔细阅读空白处前后1-2句话。寻找直接或间接的情感提示：
1. 直接描述：如 felt happy, was disappointed, looked excited。
2. 行为与生理反应：如 tears came to her eyes（暗示悲伤/感动），jumped for joy（暗示兴奋）。
3. 环境与对话烘托：如 The dark clouds gathered（可能烘托低落/紧张）；他人的对话 (“Don‘t worry!”) 可能反衬主角的担忧。
步骤二：推断情感，匹配合理选项
基于捕捉到的线索，推断人物此刻最可能的情感或想法。在选项中寻找能合理解释上文行为/处境，并自然引出下文行动/结果的情感表述。
· 正向匹配：上文提到“收到梦校录取信”，下文写“他冲出去告诉家人”，则空白处应填入 He was overjoyed. 之类的积极情感。
· 转折匹配：上文是“努力训练但比赛失利”，下文是“他决定更加刻苦”，则空白处可能填入 Though he felt sad, he didn't give up. 体现转折中的复杂态度。
步骤三：代入验证，确保真实连贯
将所选选项代入原文，以人物的视角从头朗读。检查情感是否：
1. 真实可信：在此情境下，一个真实的人是否会产生这样的感受？
2. 连贯一致：此次情感与人物之前的表现、之后的行动是否连贯？是否与整个故事的情感基调（如温暖的、励志的）相符？
三、解题原则
原则名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
情感因果对应原则
人物的情感必须由上文具体事件合理引发，并能导致下文相应行为。情感是“事件”与“行动”间的必要纽带。
问自己：1. 因为发生了A（上文事件），所以人物会感到B（选项情感）吗？2. 因为感到B（选项情感），所以人物才会去做C（下文行动）吗？两个答案都必须是“是”。
情感无源：选项情感（如“狂喜”）缺乏上文事件的足够支撑。
情感与行为脱节：选项情感（如“漠不关心”）无法解释下文人物强烈的主动行为（如“立即帮忙”）。
情感发展合理原则
人物的情感或态度可以变化，但转变必须有铺垫、合逻辑，且符合人物基本性格设定。
若涉及情感转折（如从沮丧到振作），检查：1. 是否有触发事件（如他人鼓励、自我反思）？2. 转变后的态度是否与人物一贯性格（如坚强）不冲突？
情感跳跃：情感发生180度突变却无任何缘由。
人设崩塌：选项情感（如自私的幸灾乐祸）与文中塑造的人物基本形象（如善良）完全矛盾。
表达强度匹配原则
情感表达的强烈程度需与事件的重要程度、上下文描写的激烈程度相匹配。
判断事件是日常小事还是重大转折。对比选项中情感词的强弱（如 a bit sorry 对比 deeply regretted），选择与情境严重性最匹配的一项。
反应过度：对小事表现出极度激烈的情感（如把打翻水杯描述为“绝望”）。
反应不足：对重大事件表现出过于平淡的情感（如把夺冠描述为“有点高兴”）。
【典例1-1】
This morning, Frank was in a hurry to get to the office because someone was waiting for him there. 1 All the cars were lined up, and drivers were honking (按喇叭) at each other in anger. Frank got out of his car and moved forward to see what was causing the traffic jam.
At a turn, he saw a young man trying hard to restart his car. 2 Everyone there was just staring at (盯着看) the man without offering any help. At the same time, they were blaming (责备) the man for the traffic jam. The number of cars stuck in traffic was growing, and the man looked very embarrassed (尴尬的).
A．Unluckily, he was caught in a traffic jam.
B．Clearly, the car was broken for some reason.
C．Correcting mistakes is a good way to succeed.
D．Seeing this, Frank quickly went to help the man.
E．Also, forgiving others is a smart choice because it stops fights and passes on kindness.
【答案】1. A 2. B
【解析】1．根据“All the cars were lined up, and drivers were honking (按喇叭) at each other in anger.”可知，所有车辆都排起了长队，司机们怒气冲冲地互相按喇叭，说明Frank遇到了交通堵塞，选项A“不幸的是，他遇上了交通堵塞。”符合语境，故选A。
2．根据“he saw a young man trying hard to restart his car”可知，他看到一个年轻人正使劲儿尝试重新启动他的汽车，说明车出了故障，选项B“显然，车子因为某种原因坏了。”符合语境，故选B。
【迁移运用1-1】
In our lives, we all make mistakes. These mistakes are usually not on purpose but happen because of unexpected situations at times. When others make mistakes, we often blame them, but when we make mistakes, we want others to understand and help us. However, during difficult times, we should focus on solving the problem instead of blaming others. 1
A．Unluckily, he was caught in a traffic jam.
B．Clearly, the car was broken for some reason.
C．Correcting mistakes is a good way to succeed.
D．Seeing this, Frank quickly went to help the man.
E．Also, forgiving others is a smart choice because it stops fights and passes on kindness.
【答案】E
【解析】根据“we should focus on solving the problem instead of blaming others”可知，遇到困难时，我们应该集中精力解决问题，而不是指责他人，此处补充说明原谅他人的意义，选项E“此外，原谅他人是个明智的选择，因为这能避免冲突并传递善意。”符合语境，故选E。
二、时间顺序与情节逻辑
一、解题核心
识别并重建事件发展的自然链条，确保所选选项能使故事的先后顺序、因果关系和整体逻辑完整、通顺。这是理解记叙文“发生了什么”以及“为何发生”的基础。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：速读梳理，明确叙事主线
快速通读全文，忽略空白，把握故事的四要素：
1. 主要人物：故事围绕谁展开？
2. 核心事件：主要人物在做什么？目标是什么？
3. 基本顺序：故事大体是按时间、空间还是倒叙/插叙展开？
4. 当前阶段：空白处所在的情节，处于故事的开始、发展、转折还是结局部分？
步骤二：精确定位，分析逻辑“缺口”
精读空白处前后一到两句话，像侦探一样分析逻辑“缺口”：
1. 判断关系：前后文是时间先后（然后……）、因果（因为……所以……）、转折（虽然……但是……）还是步骤流程（首先……接着……）关系？
2. 寻找线索：寻找显性的时间词（then, after that, finally）、因果词（so, because, as a result）或隐含的行为结果（一个行动必然导致某个后果）。
步骤三：代入验证，检查叙事流
将最可能的选项代入，执行“叙事流检查”：
1. 顺序检查：从空白处前一句读到后一句，事件发展是否自然流畅，没有时间上的跳跃或颠倒？
2. 因果检查：前因后果是否必然合理？选项放入后，情节是否变得更易理解？
3. 整体检查：这个情节放入后，是否让整个故事的推进更符合常理？
三、解题原则
原则名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
顺序合理原则
事件的发生必须符合时间的自然流向或事理的先后顺序（如先准备后行动，先发现问题后解决问题）。
1. 画时间线：在心里或草稿上列出已知事件顺序。
2. 对号入座：检查选项事件能否在时间线上找到唯一、合理的位置。
时序颠倒：将明显后发生的事（如“庆祝胜利”）放到了前提事件（如“开始比赛”）之前。
步骤缺失：跳过必要环节（如“未学知识”直接跳到“应用成功”）。
因果紧密原则
事件之间应存在直接、合理的因果联系。选项常常是某个结果的“直接原因”，或是某个原因的“必然结果”。
运用“因为…所以…”进行句式验证。将选项与上下文分别代入，检查因果关系是否成立且紧密。
因果倒置：把结果当成原因（如因“感到快乐”而“收到礼物”，逻辑应反过来）。
强加因果：两个事件仅有先后关系，却被选项强行解释为因果关系。
逻辑自洽原则
填充情节后，整个故事在常识、人物动机和情节设定上必须自我一致，没有矛盾。
1. 常识判断：情节发展是否符合生活或逻辑常识？
2. 动机审视：人物的行动是否有合理的解释？
3. 设定核对：情节是否符合故事已设定的背景（如人物能力、环境限制）？
违背常识：发生现实中极小概率或不可能的事（如无任何训练突然夺冠）。
动机矛盾：人物的行动与其之前声明的目标或性格截然相反。
脱离设定：在沙漠故事中突然出现划船情节，却无合理解释。
【典例2-1】
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911 1 After graduation, he worked in America for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that the People’s Republic of China had been founded (建立), and he decided to give up the good working conditions in America. Although the American government tried to stop him from leaving, he succeeded in coming back to China in 1955. 2 Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel. At that time, the conditions in China were too hard 3 D On April 24, 1970, China’s first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong I” was successfully sent into the air.
A．I sensed his deep love for our country, too.
B．Who visited Qian Xuesen when he was in China?
C．At the age of 24, he went to America to study.
D．But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely.
E．In 1956, Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization.
【答案】1．C 2．E
【解析】1．根据前文“Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911”可知，此处介绍了钱学森的出生信息，后文“After graduation, he worked in America for a few years.”又提到毕业后他在美国工作了几年的情况，由此推知，空格处应介绍他去美国学习的情况。选项C“24岁时，他去美国学习。”符合语境，故选C。
2．根据后文“Then it became the leading organization for China’s rocket and air travel.”可知，此处提到了一个组织成为中国火箭和航空旅行的领先组织，由此推知，空格处应提到这个组织的建立。选项E“1956年，钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织。”符合语境，故选E。
【迁移运用2-1】
“Sugar pills”—a live oral polio vaccine(口服脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗), were developed by Gu Fangzhou, a famous scientist from China. 1
In 1926, Gu Fangzhou was born in Ningbo City. Gu’s family faced a difficult time with the sudden death of his father. 2 But he got out of all the difficulties and entered the Peking University’s medical department in 1944. 3
In 1955, a severe polio epidemic broke out in Nantong. In 1957, Gu Fangzhou led research to prevent the disease. 4 The vaccine needed to be kept at a temperature of two to eight but it was impossible to provide a fridge in those days. In the early 1960s, he developed two kinds of live vaccine-sugar pills.
“I feel satisfied. I can tell people that I tried my best, and your kids will no longer get polio,” said Gu Fangzhou. “ 5 ”
A．That’s all I have hoped for.
B．He spent his whole life developing polio vaccine.
C．And at school, he was laughed at because he was poor.
D．After several years, Gu Fangzhou decided to work for the public health.
E．Two years later, Gu succeeded in developing the first live polio vaccine.
【答案】1．B 2．C 3．D 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记，主要讲述了中国科学家顾方舟研发口服脊髓灰质炎（小儿麻痹症）糖丸疫苗的生平事迹与贡献。
1．根据“In 1926, Gu Fangzhou was born…”可知，此处需要承接上文，介绍他的人生轨迹或总体贡献。选项B“他毕生致力于研发脊髓灰质炎疫苗。”是一个高度概括的句子，既总结了全文主旨，又自然地从“他是谁”过渡到其生平具体经历。故选B。
2．根据“Gu’s family faced a difficult time… But he got out of all the difficulties…”可知，顾方舟的家庭面临困境……但他克服了所有困难……，空处应具体描述困难之一，与后文“但”形成转折。选项C“在学校里，他因为贫穷而被人嘲笑。”是家庭困境在校园生活中的具体体现，符合逻辑。故选C。
3．根据“entered… in 1944”和“In 1955…”可知，中间有数年的时间跨度，需要一句概括其毕业后的人生选择来衔接。选项D“几年后，顾方舟决定投身公共卫生事业。”准确描述了他从学医到选择公共卫生领域的过程，为下文研究脊髓灰质炎疫苗埋下伏笔。故选D。
4．根据“In 1957, Gu Fangzhou led research…”和“In the early 1960s, he developed…”可知，空处应描述研究后的具体成果。选项E“两年后，顾方舟成功研发出首批脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗。”展示了两年后的研究成果，与上下文完美衔接，同时也解释了后续保存难题的来源。故选E。
5．根据“I feel satisfied… your kids will no longer get polio…”可知，我感到满足你们的孩子将不再得脊髓灰质炎，这是他一生的成就和心愿。选项A“这就是我一直以来所希望的一切。”是他对自己毕生追求与成就的朴实而有力的总结，符合语境。故选A。
三、细节呼应
一、解题核心
识别文本中关键细节的前后关联，选出能与文中已有信息形成精确对应、解释或发展的选项，从而保证故事内部的严谨与完整。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：前瞻后顾，定位关联线索
仔细阅读空白处前后至少一个完整句群。主动寻找可能构成呼应的线索，包括：
1. 显性线索：具体名词（如 a red kite, the key）、数字、专有名词（人名、地名）、特定动作。
2. 隐性线索：上文提出的问题、承诺、悬念、需求，或暗示的某种特征、状态。
步骤二：匹配选项，建立精准链接
将各选项与定位到的线索进行比对，判断其是：
1. 直接复现：选项是对上文线索的直接回应、兑现或结果呈现（如：上文说“需要一把钥匙”，选项是“他找到了那把钥匙”）。
2. 同义转述：选项用不同方式指代或描述同一事物/概念。
3. 逻辑发展：选项是上文线索合乎逻辑的下一步（如：上文“她埋下种子”，选项是“她每天浇水”）。
步骤三：代入验证，确保闭环
将选项代入，检查呼应是否成立：
1. 内容一致：细节（颜色、数量、特征）是否与原文设定完全吻合，无矛盾。
2. 逻辑闭环：是否使前文的悬念得到解释、问题得到解决、铺垫产生意义。
3. 移除测试：若去掉该选项，上下文是否会出现信息缺口或逻辑断裂。
三、解题原则
原则
名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
微观精准原则
呼应的微观细节（如物品特征、具体数据）必须与原文设定完全一致。
充当“校对员”，核对选项与原文中对应名词的修饰语、数量、状态是否一字不差。
细节失真：偷换细节（如将“蓝色书包”呼应成“红色书包”）。
信息矛盾：与文中已明确信息冲突（如上文“只有两人”，选项出现“第三人”）。
宏观呼应原则
选项应与前文更宏观的叙事元素（如核心问题、核心任务、人物核心特质）形成有力呼应。
问自己：这个选项是否在推动解决故事的核心矛盾？是否在展现人物的核心特质或成长？
呼应乏力：选项只与某个次要、偶然的细节有关，与故事主线脱节。
呼应错位：回应了一个文中并未重点铺垫或无需解决的问题。
功能匹配原则
细节呼应的方式（是解答悬念、兑现承诺，还是展示结果）必须符合其在文中的预设功能。
判断前文线索的功能是设悬、铺垫还是伏笔，然后选择能完美实现该功能的选项。
功能失效：前文设悬，选项却未解悬；前文铺垫，选项却未利用该铺垫。
功能冗余：选项呼应了一个本身已完整、无需额外说明的信息。
避免过度解读原则
呼应关系应基于文本明确提供或强烈暗示的信息，而非读者脱离文本的主观联想或臆测。
所有呼应关系都必须在文中找到至少一处明确的文字依据。
主观臆断：建立的联系在文中无任何依据，属于强加的逻辑。
过度引申：赋予某个普通细节过度的象征或暗示意义
【典例3-1】
Stephen Hawking was a great British scientist. 1
As a scientist, Hawking was the most famous expert for studying black holes (黑洞). He thought that the universe (宇宙) started with the Big Bang (大爆炸) and would be destroyed by black holes. 2
A．He also believed that black holes would disappear one day.
B．He traveled around the world.
C．Many people think he was the greatest scientist since Albert Einstein.
D．His disease stopped him from learning other languages.
E．Hawking had a serious illness that started when he was 21.
【答案】 1．C 2．A
【解析】1．根据“Stephen Hawking was a great British scientist.”可知，此处需要一个句子来承接和评价他的地位。选项C“许多人认为他是继阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦之后最伟大的科学家。”符合语境，是对首句的进一步说明和赞誉。故选C。
2．根据“He thought that the universe started with the Big Bang and would be destroyed by black holes.”可知，此处是关于霍金对黑洞的看法，前后应围绕同一主题。选项A“他也相信黑洞有一天会消失。”与前后文逻辑连贯，构成了他对黑洞“产生与消亡”的完整观点。故选A。
【迁移运用3-1】
19-year-old Martha Larsen has been a personal trainer for over a year. When she was younger, she wanted to be a footballer. 1 “I was sad at first,” she says, “So my mom and dad suggested I join a gym. I grew to love that, and soon I was helping others get started.”
Before long, people were coming to Martha for help. 2 And some are more than twice her age! 3 “With me, it’s not just about getting fitter.” She says. As well as making her students train very hard, she helps them think about what they eat. “ 4 If I do my job well, my students will sleep, work and play better.”
Martha still lives with her parents. 5 “A lot of personal trainers dream of moving to Hollywood (好莱坞) and getting rich by training the stars,” she says. “I’ll be happy if I make enough money to buy my own apartment.”
A．Eating healthily is so important.
B．Now she has over 40 students.
C．However, she doesn’t want to stay there for too long.
D．Martha believes she offers something other trainers do not.
E．Unluckily, she broke her leg at the age of 16.
【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了19岁的私人教练Martha Larsen的经历。
1．根据“I was sad at first”可知，我一开始很伤心，此处应该说明让她伤心的事情，选项E“不幸的是，她16岁时摔断了腿。”符合语境。故选E。
2．根据“And some are more than twice her age!”可知，有些人年龄是她的两倍多，此处应该说明她的学员情况，选项B“现在她有40多个学生。”符合语境。故选B。
3．根据“‘With me, it’s not just about getting fitter.’ She says.”可知，对我来说，不只是让学生变健康，此处应该说明她和其他教练的不同之处，选项D“Martha认为自己能提供其他教练没有的东西。”符合语境。故选D。
4．根据“As well as making her students train very hard, she helps them think about what they eat.”可知，除了让她的学生刻苦训练之外，她还帮助他们关注自己的饮食，此处应该说明饮食的重要性，选项A“健康饮食非常重要。”符合语境。故选A。
5．根据“Martha still lives with her parents.”可知，Martha和父母住在一起，此处应该说明她不想一直住在这里，选项C“但她不想在那里住太久。”符合语境。故选C。
四、叙述视角与对话功能
一、解题核心
识别并确保文本叙述视角的一致性，理解对话在推动情节、揭示信息和塑造人物方面的特定功能，从而选择与叙述者身份、说话者角色及上下文目的最匹配的选项。
二、解题步骤
步骤一：判断视角，明确功能
1. 定视角：快速确定全文或本段的叙述视角。是第一人称（I, we）还是第三人称（he, she, they, 人名）？叙述者是故事主角、旁观者还是全知者？
2. 明功能：分析空白处所需的句子（或对话）在上下文中的作用。它是为了推进情节（如告知一个新决定）、揭示信息（如解释一个秘密）、展现人物关系或性格（如通过争吵显示冲突），还是抒发情感？
步骤二：分析并匹配
1. 匹配视角：检查选项中的代词（I, you, he, she）、称谓和观察角度是否与全文或本段已确立的叙述视角严格一致。第一人称叙述中不应出现叙述者不可能知道的他人内心想法。
2. 匹配身份与功能：如果空白处是对话或人物想法：
身份匹配：说话的内容、语气、用词是否符合说话人的年龄、身份、性格及与听话人的关系？（如孩子不会说教条的大道理）
功能实现：选项内容是否能最有效地实现步骤一中判断的预期功能？（如要“解决误会”，选项应是解释性或和解性的话语，而非继续指责）
步骤三：代入验证，检查流畅度
将选项代入，以叙述者的口吻或人物的语气朗读。检查：
1. 视角是否跳脱：叙述视角是否突然改变或出现矛盾信息？
2. 对话是否“在场”：对话内容是否与当下发生的场景、事件紧密相关，而非脱离情境的闲聊？
3. 行文是否自然：加入后，整体的叙述流是否更加顺畅、合理？
三、解题原则
原则
名称
核心释义
具体操作
典型干扰项特征
视角一致原则
叙述的观察角度、人称和所知范围必须前后统一，不能出现视角混乱或信息越界。
1. 锁定“镜头”：明确叙述者是谁，他/她能看到、听到、知道什么。
2. 检查越界：确保选项没有提供该叙述者不可能知道的信息（如第一人称叙述中，他人未说出的内心活动）。
视角跳跃：在第三人称叙述中，突然插入第一人称“我”的感想。
信息越界：在限知视角下，描述了叙述者不在场或无法感知的场景细节。
话语身份匹配原则
人物对话或独白的内容、用词、语气必须符合其身份、性格、年龄、教育背景及与对话者的关系。
1. 建立人物卡：根据上文总结说话人的关键特征（如“害羞的孩子”、“严厉的老师”）。
2. 对比验证：判断选项的话语风格（正式/随意、复杂/简单、直接/委婉）是否与该特征匹配。
身份失调：小孩说出成人式、过于成熟或官方的话语。
性格矛盾：文中塑造的“友善者”说出冷漠、讽刺的言语。
话语功能聚焦原则
对话或心理活动应直接服务于当下的情节发展或人物刻画，具有明确的叙事功能，而非无关的“噪音”。
对每一个对话选项提问：“这句话在此处说完后，对推动故事或塑造人物有什么具体作用？” 答案必须清晰。
功能偏离：对话内容与当前情节的核心冲突或目标无关，岔开话题。
功能冗余：对话重复表达已明确的信息或情感，没有提供新信息或推动力
【典例4-1】
From the other side of the hall, Leela was smiling and watching them. Noticing Leela’s eyes on her, Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: “See, I don’t have any language barriers here. 1 ” At that moment, she understood: we’re all simple humans, and we have the ability to connect (联系) with each other.
A．Then more children joined.
B．We can speak and communicate!
C．All the children there were very young.
D．After some time, one of the children smiled at her.
E．While she was there, she stayed with her Indian friend, Leela.
【答案】B
【解析】根据前文“Noticing Leela’s eyes on her Jenny had an exciting feeling from her heart: ‘See, I don’t have any language barriers here.’”可知，前文提到珍妮意识到自己在这里没有语言障碍，由此推知，空格处应描述珍妮对这种无障碍交流的感慨。选项B“我们可以说话和交流！”符合语境，故选B。
【迁移运用4-1】
A student said, “ 1 Now, I can see real ones and learn how they grow.” The other girl said, “I grew up in the city and thought farming was something old. 2 Farming is really important.”
A．Before the activities, I knew about soybeans only from books.
B．They learned a lot about crops.
C．But after going to the fields, I changed my ideas.
D．In a word, this experience opened their eyes and helped them gain knowledge.
E．They touched the wheat and learned that people usually harvest the wheat at the end of May.
【答案】1．A 2．C
【导语】1．根据“A student said, ‘... Now, I can see real ones and learn how they grow.’”可知，学生提到以前只在书本上了解，现在看到实物，A选项“在活动之前，我只从书本上了解大豆。”是学生的话，符合语境。故选A。
2．根据“The other girl said, ‘I grew up in the city and thought farming was something old. ... Farming is really important.’”可知，城市女孩改变了看法，C选项“但去了田地之后，我改变了想法。”承上启下，符合逻辑。故选C。
Passage 1
In today’s society (社会), many people feel stressed. 1 So many people want themselves to relax and experience something nice.
Li Ziqi, a young and beautiful girl, was born in Sichuan Province in southwest China. She is famous as a online video maker (自媒体制作者). She has more than 50 million fans in China and another 8 million in other countries . But she remains a mystery (秘密) to many of them. In her videos, she doesn’t speak. 2
Li grew up with her grandparents in the countryside. She says she came to live with them after her stepmother mistreated (虐待) her. But her grandparents were very poor. 3 In 2012, she decided to come back to the countryside to take care of her grandmother. Four years later, she started filming (拍摄) her life there. She simply wanted people in the city to know where their food came from. But today, three years, after she first picked up the camera, Li is one of China’s most successful online video makers. She said, “Success is a heavy word. I’m just filming my life or I’m just filming the life that I want. 4 .”
A．Now she’s ready to open up to us.
B．She is very famous as a online video maker.
C．So when she was 14, she went to work in the city.
D．They face a lot of pressure at work.
E．I have to work harder and do things that are meaningful.
【答案】1．D 2．A 3．C 4．E
【导语】本文主要介绍了自媒体制作者李子柒的事情。
1．根据上文“In today’s society (社会), many people feel stressed.”可知，现在的社会中，很多人都感觉很有压力，推测他们在工作中面对很多压力，选项D“他们在工作中面临很大的压力。”符合语境。故选D。
2．根据“But she remains a mystery (秘密) to many of them. In her videos, she doesn’t speak.”可知，对于粉丝来说，李子柒依然是个谜。并且在她发布的视频中她并不说话，再根据下文一系列关于李子柒的介绍推测，她现在打算向我们敞开心扉了，选项A“现在她准备对我们敞开心扉了。”符合语境。故选A。
3．根据上句“But her grandparents were very poor.”和下句“In 2012, she decided to come back to the countryside to take care of her grandmother.”可知，她的祖父母很贫穷，但是在2012年时她又回到了农村，说明她在这期间离开了家乡，选项C“所以当她14岁的时候，她去城里工作了。”符合语境。故选C。
4．根据最后一段引号的内容可知，这里指的是李子柒对于她目前工作的看法以及对未来的打算，选项E“我必须更加努力地工作，做一些有意义的事情。”符合语境。故选E。
Passage 2
Tom Hanks is well known to many people. He once acted in the films Forrest Gump and The DaVinci Code. But do you know that he was not popular with his classmates and teachers at all when he was very young?
Tom Hanks was born in California. 1 But I kept optimistic (乐观的). I never kept those bad things in my mind and I didn’t care about others’ thoughts, so I didn’t get into trouble. Later I took acting classes. The classes were the best places for me because I liked making noise. 2 I would never go there with others. I would just drive to a theatre alone. 3
Tom Hanks has played many different roles. His performance in Sleepless in Seattle was so successful that it became the turning point of Tom Hanks’ career (职业生涯). 4 Tom Hanks’ road to success hasn’t been very smooth, but he has worked very hard and never given up. 5
A．Finally he has found his own place in the world of movies.
B．He once said to a reporter, “When I was young, maybe others thought of me as a stupid boy.
C．I put myself into the theatre shows and spent a lot of time learning how to act.
D．I often went to the movies.
E．Then his movie Philadelphia made him win the sixty-sixth Oscar as best actor.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．C 4．E 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。介绍了著名演员汤姆·汉克斯的成长经历与职业生涯，讲述了他从年少时不受欢迎到凭借努力在影坛立足的故事。
1．根据空格后句子“But I kept optimistic (乐观的). I never kept those bad things in my mind...”，句中以第一人称我展开叙述，且those bad things暗示前文提到了他人对我的负面看法。选项B“他曾对记者说：‘小时候，也许别人觉得我是个笨孩子。’”既通过引语自然引出第一人称表述，又点明了those bad things所指代的内容，符合语境。故选B。
2．根据前文“Later I took acting classes. The classes were the best places for me because I liked making noise.”可知，汤姆·汉克斯接触了表演并对其产生兴趣，空格后又提到“I would never go there with others. I would just drive to a theatre alone.”，there指代某个与表演相关的场所。选项D“我经常去看电影”既承接了前文对表演的兴趣，又为后文“drive to a theatre”提供了合理的场景铺垫，符合语境。故选D。
3．根据前文“I would just drive to a theatre alone.”，汤姆·汉克斯独自前往剧院，空格处应说明他在剧院的行为。选项C“我全身心投入到戏剧表演中，花了很多时间学习如何表演”具体阐述了他在剧院的活动，与前文去剧院的动作衔接紧密，符合语境。故选C。
4．根据前文“His performance in Sleepless in Seattle was so successful that it became the turning point of Tom Hanks’ career (职业生涯).”，提到了他职业生涯的转折点，空格处应延续对其职业成就的叙述。选项E“随后他的电影《费城》使他获得了第六十六届奥斯卡最佳男主角奖”是对其职业生涯转折点后更高成就的说明，体现了职业发展的递进关系，符合语境。故选E。
5．根据前文“Tom Hanks’ road to success hasn’t been very smooth, but he has worked very hard and never given up.”，总结了他成功之路的艰辛与他的坚持，空格处应给出最终的结果。选项A“最终他在电影界找到了自己的位置”是对前文努力不放弃的回应，点明了他坚持后的圆满结果，符合语境。故选A。
Passage 3
Wang Zi, from Beijing, loves mime (哑剧). He has practiced the art for nine years and got a prize (奖) at the Wuzhen Theater Festival. 1 He performs by using body language instead of words. Sometimes it’s a two-hour-long show with a whole story, and sometimes it’s a short story in life. In a word, his show is so great. In fact, Wang prefers to show short stories to people. 2 In his opinion, there are two reasons for that. First, he loves short stories. Second, he is the freest when he performs them.
“Miming is a very free form of art for both the actors and the audience (观众),” he said. “ 3 Miming is all about using your imagination, and that’s what makes it so attractive.”
Actors also need to have good acting skills, of course.
“ 4 But it requires years of training to make your body expressive,” Wang explained. To improve his shows, he has borrowed skills from other art forms like voice stunts (口技). Several years ago, when Wang finished studying in the Performance Institute of Beijing Film Academy, he became interested in miming. 2 Then he taught himself and later started the Nadading Troupe (表演团). The troupe is said to be Beijing’s only mime troupe. You can’t find another one in Beijing.
A．Do you know why?
B．Everyone knows how to speak.
C．You’ll be excited after you watch his mime show.
D．However, he couldn’t find a teacher to learn from.
E．Whatever language you speak, you can understand it.
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．E 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文讲述热爱哑剧的王子通过自学与多年练习，将这种自由且富有想象力的艺术形式展现给观众，并成立表演团的故事。
1．根据后文“He performs by using body language instead of words. Sometimes it’s a two-hour-long show with a whole story, and sometimes it’s a short story in life. In a word, his show is so great.”可知，此处是在描述王子的哑剧表演很精彩，结合选项可知，C选项“你看完他的哑剧表演后会很兴奋”符合语境，能够很好地引出后文对哑剧表演的描述。故选C。
2．根据后文“In his opinion, there are two reasons for that.”可知，此处是在询问原因，结合选项可知，A选项“你知道为什么吗”符合语境，能够自然地引出后文对原因的解释。故选A。
3．根据前文“‘Miming is a very free form of art for both the actors and the audience (观众),’ he said.”以及后文“Miming is all about using your imagination, and that’s what makes it so attractive.”可知，此处是在强调哑剧对演员和观众都很自由，且哑剧的吸引力在于使用想象力，结合选项可知，E选项“无论你说什么语言，你都能理解它”符合语境，进一步解释了哑剧的自由性，即不受语言限制。故选E。
4．根据后文“But it requires years of training to make your body expressive”可知，此处存在转折关系，强调尽管某件事看似简单，但需要长时间的训练才能达到高水平，结合选项可知，B选项“每个人都知道如何说话”符合语境，与后文形成转折，说明虽然说话是每个人都会的，但要让身体具有表现力则需要长时间训练。故选B。
5．根据后文“Then he taught himself and later started the Nadading Troupe (表演团).”可知，此处是在描述王子自学哑剧并成立表演团的经历，结合选项可知，D选项“然而，他找不到可以学习的老师”符合语境，能够自然地引出后文他自学哑剧的内容。故选D。
Passage 4
Qian Xuesen was a famous scientist in China. 1 It is because of his important work in space technology. Besides, he is also called “the King of the Rocket” for his great achievements in rocket science. His work played an important role in China’s missile (导弹) and space technology. 2
Qian was born in Shanghai on December 11th, 1911. At the age of 24, he went to America to study. After finishing his studies, he stayed there and worked for a few years. In the early 1950s, he heard that New China had been established (成立). He wanted to go back and help his country, even though he had a good job in America. The American government tried to stop him, but in 1955, he managed to return to China. 3 This later became the main force in China’s space program. At that time, things were very difficult in China. But Qian and his team still faced the difficulties bravely. They worked hard to solve the problems. Finally, on April 24, 1970, China successfully launched (发射) its first man-made satellite (卫星), “Dongfanghong 1”. 4
Qian Xuesen is a hero to many people. 5 His love for his country and his desire to help it grow and develop will always be remembered.
A．It was a big success for Qian and his team.
B．Qian Xuesen suggested starting a special organization.
C．With his help, China’s space technology developed very fast.
D．He showed that with hard work and dedication (奉献), anything is possible.
E．He is known as “the Father of China’s Space Program.”
【答案】1．E 2．C 3．B 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国著名科学家钱学森的生平事迹、贡献以及人们对他的评价。
1．根据“Qian Xuesen was a famous scientist in China.”和“It is because of his important work in space technology. Besides, he is also called ‘the King of the Rocket’”可知，前文介绍钱学森是中国著名科学家，后文说明其因航天技术工作闻名，选项E“他被称为‘中国航天计划之父’”衔接自然，呼应后文的“重要工作”。故选E。
2．根据“His work played an important role in China’s missile and space technology”可知，他的工作对中国导弹和航天技术起重要作用。选项C“在他的帮助下，中国航天技术发展非常迅速”是对“重要作用”的具体结果说明。故选C。
3．根据“This later became the main force in China’s space program”可知，这后来成为中国航天计划的主要力量。选项B“钱学森建议成立一个专门的组织”中的“专门组织”对应“主要力量”，逻辑连贯。故选B。
4．根据“Finally, on April 24, 1970, China successfully launched (发射) its first man-made satellite (卫星), ‘Dongfanghong 1’”可知。前文描述中国成功发射第一颗人造卫星“东方红一号”。选项A“这对钱学森和他的团队来说是巨大的成功”是对这一事件的总结评价。故选A。
5．根据“Qian Xuesen is a hero to many people.”和“His love for his country and his desire to help it grow and develop will always be remembered.”可知，前文称钱学森是很多人的英雄，后文强调他的爱国精神，选项D“他证明了通过努力和奉献，一切皆有可能”是对其精神与成就的升华总结。故选D。
Passage 5
My favorite Chinese book is To Live. It is a masterpiece (杰作) by Chinese writer Yu Hua. 1 At the time, I didn’t quite understand what the title of the novel meant.
2 The story includes many of the important events in China’s recent history—the War of Liberation, the land reform in the 1950s, and the “Cultural Revolution” (1966—1976).
I was able to learn what Chinese society was like before the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949. It took me on a journey as if I were the main character traveling through time, seeing all these important events. 3 Before, he was the spoiled (宠坏的) son of a landlord (地主), and after, he became a peasant. I felt sad for Fugui. Over time, he loses his friends, family and loved ones. He has to face all of these things by himself. 4
I find Chinese or Eastern literature to be very different from Western literature. 5 For example, Western writers often take a lot of time to describe characters’ feelings. Stories in Eastern novels, however, often feature characters working as a team.
However, I still have a strong passion (热情) toward Chinese literature and culture.
A．The way of thinking is just completely different.
B．I think that fate (命运) played a cruel trick (残酷的玩笑) on him.
C．The first time I read this book, I was in high school—a public school in Beijing.
D．It was very interesting to see the contrast (对比) between Fugui’s status before and after 1949.
E．Soon I found out that To Live describes the life of an old Chinese peasant (农民), Xu Fugui.
【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文主要讲述了作者最喜欢的中国书籍《活着》及其阅读感受，同时对比了中西方文学的差异。
1．根据“At the time, I didn’t quite understand what the title of the novel meant.”可知，空处应介绍第一次读这本书的时间和背景，选项C“我第一次读这本书的时候，正在北京的一所公立高中上学。”符合语境。故选C。
2．根据“The story includes many of the important events in China’s recent history…”可知，空处应介绍这本书的主要内容，选项E“很快我发现《活着》描述了一位中国老农民徐福贵的生活。”符合语境。故选E。
3．根据“Before, he was the spoiled (宠坏的) son of a landlord (地主), and after, he became a peasant.”可知，空处应描述福贵1949年前后的地位对比，选项D“看到福贵1949年前后的地位对比很有趣。”符合语境。故选D。
4．根据“Over time, he loses his friends, family and loved ones. He has to face all of these things by himself.”可知，空处应表达对福贵命运的同情，选项B“我认为命运对他开了个残酷的玩笑。”符合语境。故选B。
5．根据“I find Chinese or Eastern literature to be very different from Western literature.”可知，空处应进一步说明中西方文学的不同，选项A“思维方式完全不同。”符合语境。故选A。
Passage 6
It is thought that some people are sure to be failures (失败者). As a saying goes, “A bird with a broken wing (翅膀) will never fly high.”
1 He failed almost every course. Teachers always felt upset when they saw his name on their classroom lists.
When he was in the fifth grade, all the students needed to take part in a community program. At the beginning, Jackie stood against the back wall, outside the circle of students. 2 Jackie had some interesting ideas and other students all listened carefully.
The next day, Jackie was very active in all the activities. He also joined the Homeless Project team. 3 However, a group of teachers were against this decision. The headmaster reminded them that the purpose of this community program was to discover any positive passion (热情) that a student had and reinforce (加强)its practice until true change can take place.
Two weeks later, Jackie led a group of 70 students to collect food. 4 The local newspaper covered the activity with a full-page article. Jackie’s picture was up there for doing something great.
5 Once it has healed (痊愈), it can fly higher than the rest.
A．Jackie always caused trouble at school.
B．The broken wing of a bird only needs fixing.
C．They set a record of 2854 cans in two hours.
D．But slowly, the game-creating activity caught his attention.
E．The school headmaster chose Jackie to be the head of the team.
【答案】1．A 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了曾经在学校表现糟糕的Jackie，通过参与社区项目展现出积极的一面，最终获得成长的故事，传达了“折翼的鸟只需修复翅膀，便能飞得更高”的哲理。
1．根据“He failed almost every course. Teachers always felt upset when they saw his name on their classroom lists.”可知，此处是介绍Jackie在学校的糟糕表现。选项A“Jackie在学校总是惹麻烦。”符合语境，故选A。
2．根据“At the beginning, Jackie stood against the back wall, outside the circle of students.”以及“Jackie had some interesting ideas and other students all listened carefully.”可知，此处是说Jackie的状态发生了变化。选项D“但慢慢地，游戏创作活动引起了他的注意。”符合语境，故选D。
3．根据“He also joined the Homeless Project team.”以及“However, a group of teachers were against this decision.”可知，此处是关于Jackie在团队中的职务。选项E“学校校长选Jackie当团队负责人。”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据“Two weeks later, Jackie led a group of 70 students to collect food.”以及“The local newspaper covered the activity with a full-page article.”可知，此处是关于收集食物的成果。选项C“他们在两小时内创下了2854罐的纪录。”符合语境，故选C。
5．根据“Once it has healed (痊愈), it can fly higher than the rest.”可知，此处是呼应开头的比喻。选项B“鸟的折翼只需修复。”符合语境，故选B。
Passage 7
Hi, everyone. I’m Yao Ming. 1 That’s where I met my first NBA star, Tim Hardaway. He looked like the rest of us—two hands, two legs, one head—but he was quicker than anybody I’d ever seen, especially the way he played with the ball. 2 I don’t remember who the best player in camp was because I didn’t know what good basketball was then. There were eighty-five players at the camp, and I wore number 85. I wasn’t worried about how good Hardaway was because at that time I was just thinking I would play in the Chinese Basketball Association. 3
4 I was there for only six days, but I learnt a lot—not just about basketball, but maybe about myself and my place in the world of basketball. I found out there were a lot of great players outside China and how good a player could be. I knew for the first time where I stood among the best young players in the world. 5 There was no way to really know that until I left China.
Looking back on this experience, basketball taught me far more than just skills. Only by always keeping running hard and bravely stepping out of your comfort zone can you see your place clearly in a broader world.
A．“I’m not that good, but I’m not that bad.”
B．The trip to Paris made a big impression on me.
C．He would challenge everyone to play one-on-one until he was too tired to move.
D．I left China for the first time in 1997 to go to the Nike camp in Paris.
E．I didn’t think I would see anyone like him again.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．E 4．B 5．A
【导语】本文讲述了篮球运动员姚明第一次出国参加篮球训练营的经历，以及这段经历对他的深远影响。
1．根据“That’s where I met my first NBA star”可知，此空应提到一个地点，可以碰到NBA明星，选项D“1997 年，我第一次离开中国，前往巴黎的耐克训练营。”符合，故选D。
2．根据“but he was quicker than anybody I’d ever seen, especially the way he played with the ball.”可知，此处是对Tim Hardaway打球的细节描写，选项C“他会向每个人发起一对一挑战，直到累得动弹不得。”符合，故选C。
3．根据“I wasn’t worried about how good Hardaway was because at that time I was just thinking I would play in the Chinese Basketball Association.”可知我不担心Hardaway有多好，只想着自己将来能在中国篮球协会打球，因此也没想到会再看到像他这样的人，选项E“我以为再也见不到像他那样的人了。”符合语境。故选E。
4．根据“I was there for only six days, but I learnt a lot—not just about basketball, but maybe about myself and my place in the world of basketball”可知，此处是在对巴黎之行的总结，选项B“巴黎之行给我留下了深刻的印象。”符合，故选B。
5．根据“I knew for the first time where I stood among the best young players in the world…There was no way to really know that until I left China.”可知，此处应是描述自己离开中国后，和那么多优秀选手在一起从而认识到自己的水平，选项A“‘我水平不算高，但也不算差。’”符合，故选A。
Passage 8
For the past 21 years, the Touching China Annual People Award (感动中国年度人物奖) has given prizes to people from all walks across the country. 1
When talking about the greatest physicists in the world, Yang Zhenning is a name never to be forgotten. Let’s get to know more about him now. Yang is a 100-year-old famous physicist. 2 When he was young, he showed a great talent in physics. He was given the prize because of making great contributions (贡献) to physics.
In 1957, Yang was studying in the US. He and another physicist, Tsung-Dao Lee, came up with a physics theory together. 3 Their achievement proved that Chinese scientists could be the best in the world.
No matter where he has been, Yang Zhenning has always had his motherland in mind. However, the bad relationship between China and America prevented Chinese scientists who received doctor degrees in the US from returning to China.
Then, in 1971, Yang finally got the chance to return to China for a visit. Later, Yang sold a house in the US, donating the money to Tsinghua University. 4
5 Turing Award winner Yao Qizhi, physicist Wu Xiaogang and mathematician (数学家) Zhang Shouwu gave up excellent pay and decided to make great contributions to their motherland.
A．Under his influence, many overseas Chinese students returned to China.
B．They are the people who warm our hearts with their actions.
C．In 2003, Yang returned to China and also taught in Tsinghua.
D．He was born in 1922 in Hefei, Anhui province.
E．Months later, the two won the Nobel Prize in Physics for their theory.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．C 5．A
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要介绍了感动中国年度人物之一——杨振宁的事迹。
1．根据前一句“For the past 21 years, the Touching China Annual People Award has given prizes to people from all walks across the country.”可知，在过去的21年里，感动中国年度人物奖一直为全国各地的人们颁奖。所以此空与该奖项或获奖人物有关，B选项“他们是用自己的行动温暖我们心灵的人”符合语境，“they”指的是获奖人物。故选B。
2．根据前后两句“Yang is a 100-year-old famous physicist...When he was young, he showed a great talent in physics.”可知，杨是一位100岁的著名物理学家，当他年轻的时候，他在物理方面表现出了巨大的天赋。所以该空与杨振宁的个人经历有关，D选项“他1922年出生于安徽省合肥市”符合语境，故选D。
3．根据后一句“Their achievement proved that Chinese scientists could be the best in the world.”可知，他们的成就证明了中国科学家可能是世界上最好的。所以此空与他们的成就有关，E选项“几个月后，两人因其理论获得了诺贝尔物理学奖”符合语境，故选E。
4．根据前一句“Yang sold a house in the US, donating the money to Tsinghua University.”可知，后来杨卖掉了在美国的一栋房子，把钱捐给了清华大学。所以该空与杨回国后的事迹有关，且时间在1971年之后，C选项“2003年，杨回到中国，并在清华任教”符合语境，故选C。
5．根据后一句“Turing Award winner Yao Qizhi, physicist Wu Xiaogang and mathematician Zhang Shouwu gave up excellent pay and decided to make great contributions to their motherland.”可知，图灵奖获得者姚期智、物理学家吴小刚和数学家张守武放弃了丰厚的薪酬，决定为祖国做出巨大贡献。所以该空与其他科学家回国有关。A选项“在他的影响下，许多海外的中国学生回到了中国”符合语境，故选A。
Passage 9
“Arm wrestling” was one of my favorite ways to play with my brothers growing up. 1
I also put up a good fight while arm wrestling with my older brother and his friends. Their greater strength and experience made the challenge even more interesting. 2
As a scientist, I have studied elephants in the wild for 30 years. I have seen that playing is a great way to spend time together, yet there is much more to play than just fun and games. That’s also true for us.
When humans and other animals play, they are building trust with brothers, sisters, and friends. They learn how far they can push their peers before anyone becomes angry or physically hurt. 1
When playing with someone younger, older playmates sometimes pretend to be weaker or less skilled than they really are. 2 It helps younger players learn skills and explore how strong they are beyond what they can do with others of their age.
Play offers a safe space, where everyone knows the rules and can try new ways to move, think, and respond to others. Rules matter. 3 Even crows remember cheaters and do not trust them later.
A．Every match seemed to end in a good laugh, no matter who won.
B．Those who break them lose trust.
C．This is called “holding back”.
D．That’s called “testing limits (极限).”
E．It was an easy way for my younger brother and me to test our strength safely.
【答案】1．E 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．B
【导语】本文主要介绍了作者以自身经历告诉读者玩耍对人类和动物都是建立信任、探索能力的方式。
1．根据“‘Arm wrestling’ was one of my favorite ways to play with my brothers growing up.”可知，前文提到掰手腕是最喜欢和兄弟们一起玩的方式之一，后文提到与哥哥及其朋友掰手腕的挑战性，此处应填入描述与弟弟掰手腕的句子。选项E“这是我们兄弟俩安全测试实力的一个轻松的方式”符合语境。故选E。
2．根据“Their greater strength and experience made the challenge even more interesting.”可知，对方更强，但结果总是有趣的。选项A“每场比赛似乎都以欢笑收场，无论胜负如何”符合语境。故选A。
3．根据“They learn how far they can push their peers before anyone becomes angry or physically hurt.”可知，他们学着如何把对方逼到何种程度，此处应该进一步解释这个极限。选项D“那叫做‘试探极限’”符合语境。故选D。
4．根据“older playmates sometimes pretend to be weaker or less skilled than they really are”可知，年长者会假装比自己实际更弱，帮助年幼者学习，这就是一种“克制”。选项C“这叫做‘克制’”符合语境。故选C。
5．根据“Rules matter. ”及“Even crows remember cheaters and do not trust them later.”可知，强调游戏也有规则，此处应该介绍破坏规则的结果。选项B“那些打破规则的人会失去信任”符合语境。故选B。
Passage 10
As the world marks the 80th anniversary of the victory over fascism (反法西斯), a moving Chinese film, Dead To Rights, gives us a special look at history. 1 Instead, it uses the photo studio to show how ordinary people wake up and fight back in difficult times of history.
In the fallen city, among those who find safety in Jixiang Photo Studio is a postman called Su Liuchang, played by Liu Haoran. He was ordered to develop films for Japanese soldiers. 2 He and his friends risked their lives to keep these photos and show them to the world.
3 All the actors and actresses are strictly chosen and they all play their roles very well. Besides, a lot of preparation has been made before shooting the movie, such as technical work, realistic sets, background music and historical facts.
4 When the studio owner Lao Jin shouts, “Every inch of our beautiful land must never be given up,” or when modern Nanjing streets are intercut (穿插) with war time ruins, viewers feel deeply what our forefathers (先辈们) have done to protect truth and dignity. “While watching the movie, I see not just history coming to life like a photo, but a symbol of a strong, unbroken spirit of our nation,” a 24-year-old university student from Nanjing says.
Dead To Rights is a serious look back and a deep thought on history. 5 They all have something in common, reminding us to remember the past and cherish today’s peace.
A．However, there is something more.
B．The film does not show big war scenes.
C．Dead To Rights turns out to be a huge success.
D．So far, many similar movies have been brought to the screen.
E．He accidentally finds photos that show their cruel (残酷的) crimes.
【答案】1．B 2．E 3．C 4．A 5．D
【导语】本文主要介绍了一部纪念反法西斯战争胜利80周年的中国电影《南京照相馆》。影片通过照相馆中小人物的视角，展现他们在历史危难时刻的觉醒与抗争，并分析了电影成功的原因及其深刻的历史意义。
1．根据“Instead, it uses the photo studio to show how ordinary people wake up and fight back in difficult times of history.”可知，此处介绍影片所展现的内容，选项B“这部电影没有大的战争场面。”符合语境。故选B。
2．根据“He and his friends risked their lives to keep these photos and show them to the world.”可知，此处介绍内容与“照片”有关，选项E“他偶然发现了显示他们残忍罪行的照片。”符合语境。故选E。
3．根据“All the actors and actresses are strictly chosen and they all play their roles very well…background music and historical facts.”可知，此处介绍了这部影片的准备工作以及对演员的严格挑选案，说明影片取得了成功，选项C“《南京照相馆》取得了巨大的成功。”符合语境。故选C。
4．根据“When the studio owner Lao Jin shouts…what our forefathers (先辈们) have done to protect truth and dignity.”可知，此处进一步介绍影片的深刻意义，选项A“然而，还有更多。”符合语境。故选A。
5．根据“Dead To Rights is a serious look back and a deep thought on history.”和“They all have something in common, reminding us to remember the past and cherish today’s peace.”可知，此处介绍还有很多类似的电影。选项D“到目前为止，许多类似的电影已经上映。”符合语境。故选D。
Passage 11
Most of us think the telephone was invented by Alexander Graham Bell. However, he wasn’t the first person to think of the idea. In fact, an Italian named Antonio Meucci was officially recognized as the inventor a few years ago. Who is Meucci and why wasn’t he known for his invention at the time?
Antonio Meucci was born in Italy in 1808. He studied engineering and drawing. During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity. 1 When two places were connected with wires, people in those places could hear each other talk.
In 1850, Meucci and his wife, Ester, moved to New York. Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill. 2 To solve this problem, he connected his home and his workshop with metal cables. This way, they could talk to each other conveniently.
Meucci invited a group of people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer came through the wires.
4 Even worse, Meucci never applied for a patent (专利) on his invention. Meanwhile, Alexander Graham Bell was working on the same idea, and in 1876, the patent for the telephone was given to him.
In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government. 5
A．He didn’t invent the telephone overnight.
B．He needed to always keep in touch with her.
C．Unluckily, only a few people saw this happen.
D．He will be known all over the world as the telephone’s inventor.
E．He discovered that sound can travel through metal cables (金属电缆).
【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．D
【导语】本文主要讲述了电话发明背后的故事，介绍了被官方正式认定为电话发明者的安东尼奥·梅乌奇的生平经历、发明过程以及其发明未及时获得专利的情况，最终在梅乌奇去世一个多世纪后，政府认可了他的工作。
1．根据“During his studies, Meucci started to experiment with electricity.”以及“When two places were connected with wires, people in those places could hear each other talk.”可知，空前说梅乌奇开始做有关电的实验，空后说当两个地方用电线连接起来，那些地方的人就能听到彼此说话，选项E“他发现声音可以通过金属电缆传播。”符合语境，承接上文实验内容，引出下文实验结果。故选E。
2．根据“Meucci was worried about his wife, because she had become very ill.”可知，空前说梅乌奇担心妻子，因为妻子病得很重，选项B“他需要一直和她保持联系。”符合语境。故选B。
3．根据“Meucci invited a group of people to see his new invention. They listened in amazement as the voice of a singer came through the wires.”以及“Even worse, Meucci never applied for a patent (专利) on his invention.”可知，空前说梅乌奇邀请一群人来看他的新发明，人们惊奇地听到歌手的声音通过电线传来，空后说更糟糕的是，梅乌奇从未为他的发明申请专利，选项C“不幸的是，只有少数人看到了这一幕。”符合语境。故选C。
4．根据“In 2002, more than a century after Meucci’s death, his work was finally recognized by the government.”可知，空前说在梅乌奇去世一个多世纪后的2002年，他的工作终于得到了政府的认可，选项D“他将作为电话的发明者闻名于世。”符合语境。故选D。
Passage 12
Li Ziqi is a fantastic Chinese video creator (创作者). Her videos are mainly about Chinese culture (文化). 1 She grew up in the countryside and had a hard life. But she still wanted to make her dream come true. 2 With her hard work, her videos became more and more popular. Both Chinese people and a large number of foreigners (外国人) love her videos. They love the beautiful scenery (风景) and the traditional handicrafts (手工艺品) in her videos.
However, she also had some hard times. In 2021, she stopped making videos because of business problems. 3 Luckily, in 2024, she came back with a new video. In this new video, she showed her fans Chinese lacquer ware (漆器). All her fans were interested in it. They learned more about Chinese culture after seeing the video. Li said, “I am never short of courage (勇气) if I want to do it. 4 ”
All in all, people can learn a lot about Chinese culture from Li Ziqi’s videos on the Internet. She has a great influence on spreading Chinese culture around the world.
A．I will try my best to make it the best.
B．For example, in her videos, we can see how to make Chinese food in a special way.
C．These skills are part of our intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产).
D．She started to make videos to show her life in the countryside.
E．This made her fans (粉丝) very sad, and they hoped to see her videos again.
【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．A
【导语】本文主要介绍了短视频创作者李子柒在传播中国文化方面做出的贡献以及影响力。
1．根据“Her videos are mainly about Chinese culture.”可知，她的视频主要关于中国文化，此处应是举例说明，选项B“例如，在她的视频中，我们可以看到如何以一种特殊的方式制作中国菜。”通过举例使“中国文化”这个概念变得具体，符合语境。故选B。
2．根据“With her hard work, her videos became more and more popular.”可知，此处指她开始制作视频，选项D“她开始制作视频来展示她在农村的生活。”指出了她实现梦想的方式，符合语境。故选D。
3．根据“However, she also had some hard times. In 2021, she stopped making videos because of business problems.”可知，她停止制作视频，所以粉丝应是感到伤心并期待她回归，选项E“这让她的粉丝们非常难过，他们希望再次看到她的视频。”说明了停更的后果，符合语境。故选E。
4．根据“I am never short of courage if I want to do it.”可知，此处表示自己的决心和毅力，选项A“我会尽力做到最好。”进一步展现了她的决心和态度，符合语境。故选A。
Passage 13
Have you ever seen a robot go to college? 1 He’s going to study at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (上海戏剧学院), a top art school. People are talking about him online.
The robot is 1.75 meters tall. He looks like a handsome young man. He wears a pair of glasses and a light blue shirt. He always has a friendly smile. He can speak Chinese, make different expressions, and even run. He even won third place in a robot race. 2
This September, he’ll start a four-year PhD program. 3 For example, he’ll learn how to act, write plays, and design sets for the stage (舞台设计布景). His teacher, Professor Yang, says he’ll work with other students and write a big final paper. Although Xueba 01 is clever and good at sports, he still needs to study hard to get art!
Xueba 01 even made a joke about this. He said, “If I fail, maybe I’ll become a museum piece. That’s okay!” Lots of people expect him to make it. 4 No matter what happens, he’s making history.
A．He’ll learn Chinese opera.
B．In China, a robot named Xueba 01 is now a college student!
C．Although many people are sure the robot can really understand art.
D．But some people aren’t sure if a robot can really understand art.
E．So they are excited to watch him grow!
【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．D
【导语】文章主要介绍了机器人“学霸01”被上海戏剧学院录取，成为了一名大学生，即将开始四年的博士课程学习。文章还描述了“学霸01”的外貌、能力以及他即将学习的内容，并提到了人们对此的期待和看法。
1．根据上文“Have you ever seen a robot go to college?”以及下文“He’s going to study at the Shanghai Theatre Academy (上海戏剧学院), a top art school.”可知，此处在说一个机器人上大学的事情，B选项“在中国，一个名叫‘学霸01’的机器人现在是一名大学生了！”符合语境。故选B。
2．根据上文“He can speak Chinese, make different expressions, and even run. He even won third place in a robot race.”可知，此处在介绍“学霸01”的能力，且都是肯定的能力，所以此空也是肯定的内容，E选项“所以他们很兴奋地看着他成长！”符合语境，其中的So表示与上文是因果关系。故选E。
3．根据下文“For example, he’ll learn how to act, write plays, and design sets for the stage (舞台设计布景).”可知，此处在说“学霸01”要学习的内容，A选项“他将学习中国戏曲。”符合语境。故选A。
4．根据上文“Lots of people expect him to make it.”和下文“No matter what happens, he’s making history.”可知，此处在说人们对此事的看法，且看法不一致，D选项“但是有些人不确定机器人是否真的能理解艺术。”符合语境，其中的But表示与上文是转折关系。故选D。
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