专题10 阅读还原五选五、五选四（说明文）：逻辑工程师，搭建结构支架（复习讲义）（湖南专用）2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

该初中英语讲义聚焦中考阅读还原（说明文）题型，覆盖考情剖析、考点突破（段首/中/尾题解题要点）及真题训练，结合命题规律（总-分结构、逻辑衔接）构建知识体系，通过考情分析、方法指导（如段首题归纳主旨法）、真题演练等环节，帮助学生突破语篇连贯理解难点，体现复习的系统性与针对性。 亮点在于基于语篇逻辑的分层突破策略，如段中题“逻辑缺口分析+衔接纽带匹配”两步法，结合2025湖南卷真题实例培养学生语言能力与思维品质，通过选项规律（逻辑断裂型、信息错位型）分析提升学习能力，配套分层练习保障效果，助力教师精准把控节奏，有效提升学生应考能力。

专题10 阅读还原五选四/五选五（说明文） 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 4 一、题型特点 4 二、选项规律 5 考点二 解题要点 5 一、段首题 5 二、段中题 7 三、段尾题 9 04·优题精选·练能提分 12 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读补全之说明文 ☑选择题 □非选择题 湖南省卷 长沙卷 湖南省卷 长沙卷 岳阳卷；衡阳卷；永州卷；长沙卷 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 题型稳定，权重固定：阅读补全（长沙为五选五；省卷为五选四）是湖南中考英语试卷阅读理解部分的固定题型，通常位于阅读板块的最后一篇，题量为4-5小题，分值一般为8-10分。该题型是区分学生英语阅读综合能力的关键题目。 2. 选材高度生活化、教育化：严格遵循“人与自我”及“人与社会”主题。真题无一例外地聚焦于学生的真实生活场域（学校、家庭）和个人成长议题（学习策略、习惯养成、健康生活、运动社交）。如2025年湖南卷谈“为学校做贡献”，2024年卷谈“应对作业困扰”，2023年各地市卷谈“学习英语”、“健康习惯”、“高效阅读”，均直接回应学生日常的困惑与需求，具有强烈的引导性和实用性。 3. 文本结构清晰，逻辑严谨：所选文章均为结构清晰的说明文或议论文，采用易于辨识的“总起—分述”结构。首段或首句提出核心话题或问题，后续段落分别从几个平行或递进的方面展开论述。这为解题提供了清晰的宏观框架。 二、命题思路总结 湖南中考的阅读补全题，本质上是考查学生对英语语篇连贯性与衔接性的把握。具体通过以下几种高频衔接手段设题： ① 段落主题句/总结句的概括能力 这是湖南考题的重中之重。多数空白设在段首或段尾，要求学生选出能概括整段主旨或总结段意的句子。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025湖南)：首段末尾，需要承上启下、总领全文的句子。选项B “Here’s how to get started.” 完美充当了全文的“总起句”，引出下文几个具体方法。 (2025长沙)：单独成段的标题位置。需要概括下文“专注力、快速决策、解决问题”的核心，选项A “It teaches problem-solving.” 准确概括了该段主旨。 ② 逻辑关系词的隐性识别 题目不直接给出“however, so”等词，但选项与上下文之间隐藏着强烈的逻辑关系。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025湖南)：下文是“说谢谢、收拾烂摊子、打招呼”等具体行为，上空需要能概括这些行为的主题句。选项A “Be friendly to others.” 与下文构成“观点+例证”的逻辑关系。 (2023衡阳)：上文讲早餐，下文讲睡眠，是平行列举的另一个健康习惯。选项C “Get enough sleep.” 与上下文构成“并列列举”关系。 ③ 代词指代与词汇复现 通过代词（it, they, this, that）或关键词的同义复现，在微观上锁定选项。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025湖南)：前文“join teams or clubs”，后文“These people can give you...”，选项中必须出现能被“these people”指代的“people”。选项C “They help you meet more people.” 中的“They”指代前文的“teams or clubs”，且“meet more people”与后文“these people”完美衔接。 (2024长沙)：前文提到“重复这些行动”，后文引用作者的话“所有大事都始于微小”。选项C “He calls these repeated actions ‘atomic habits’.” 中的“these repeated actions”与前文复现，“atomic habits”与后文引语中的“small beginnings”形成核心概念对应。 ④ 并列排比结构 文章几个分论点常采用结构相似的句式，形成排比，为解题提供形式线索。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025长沙真题)：各段小标题为“It’s a good way to stay fit.”，“It’s a team sport.”，“...”，“It improves communication.”。第8空作为小标题，必然采用 “It +动词 + 名词” 的平行结构。选项A “It teaches problem-solving.” 在结构上完全匹配。 命题预测 · 主题深化：将继续围绕“人与自我”，但可能从“行为方法”层面，更多地向“心理认知”和“价值判断”层面渗透。例如： 思辨与选择：如何面对网络上的不同意见？如何平衡个人兴趣与集体责任？ 文化自信与表达：可能融入湖湘文化元素（如传统技艺、地方风俗）在现代生活中的传承与创新故事，考查学生对文化内涵的理解。 科技的双刃剑：探讨学生如何理性使用AI工具辅助学习、管理社交媒体时间等。 · 语篇复杂度微增：文章的逻辑链条可能更隐蔽，段落内部的衔接可能不再总是“主题句+例证”的直白模式，可能出现“现象—分析—结论”等更复杂的结构。 · 选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计会更加精巧，“细节错置”和“局部合理”的选项会更多，对学生的全局观和逻辑判断力提出更高要求。 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 1. 说明文的核心特点 · 结构清晰：常见“总-分”、“分-总”或“总-分-总”结构。主旨句常位于篇首或段首，结尾常作总结。 · 逻辑严密：大量使用表示顺序、因果、对比、举例的逻辑连接词。 · 客观准确：语言平实，以提供事实、解释概念为主。 二、选项的普遍规律 干扰项类型 核心特征与命题逻辑 典型例子（结合说明文常见话题） 逻辑断裂型 (最常见) 逻辑陷阱：选项本身语义正确，但放入后，其隐含的逻辑关系（如因果、转折、递进）与上下文不符，导致行文生硬或矛盾。 命题逻辑：利用学生只关注词汇匹配而忽略逻辑通顺的心理，设置“语法正确但逻辑错误”的陷阱。 上下文：空后是 “For example, many people find it improves their mood.” (例如，许多人发现它改善了情绪。) 干扰项：However, it has some side effects. (然而，它有一些副作用。) —— 用“However”转折，与后文“举例证明”的顺承关系矛盾。 正确项特征：能顺承逻辑，如 It is good for mental health. (它对心理健康有益。)。 信息错位型 信息陷阱：选项信息在原文其他部分真实出现，但并非设空处所需信息，属于“张冠李戴”。 命题逻辑：利用学生寻读时对细节的记忆，诱使其选择文中提及但文意不连贯的“原词原句”。 文章内容：全文讲“运动益处”，第三段详述“团队合作”。 设空处：第二段段尾，需总结“运动对健康的物理益处”。 干扰项：It helps you learn teamwork. (它帮助你学习团队合作。) —— 信息真实，但属于第三段内容，放入此处切断段落主题。 正确项特征：能归纳本段信息，如 So, it greatly improves physical fitness. (因此，它能极大提升身体健康。)。 功能不符型 功能陷阱：选项的句子功能（如提出主题、举例说明、总结结论）与设空处所需的功能不匹配。 命题逻辑：针对不同位置（段首、中、尾）的固定功能设空，用功能错误的选项干扰。 设空位置：段落首句。 干扰项：For instance, you can start by walking. (例如，你可以从散步开始。) —— 这是“举例”功能，不能充当总领全段的“主题句”。 正确项特征：具有概括性，能引领下文，如 There are easy ways to add exercise to your daily life. (有一些简单的方法可以将运动融入日常生活。)。 语义无关型 语义陷阱：选项内容与文章核心话题无关，可能是常识性表述或基于其他话题的正确信息。 命题逻辑：利用学生无法把握段落主线时的猜测心理，设置脱离语境的“万能干扰项”。 文章话题：如何养成良好的阅读习惯。 干扰项：A balanced diet is also important. (均衡饮食也很重要。) —— 表述正确，但与“阅读习惯”主题完全无关。 正确项特征：紧密围绕文章主线展开。 考点二 解题要点 一、段首题 解题核心：识别并选出能总领、概括整段内容的主题句。 1. 解题步骤 步骤一：向后阅读，归纳主旨 跳过空白，快速阅读本段其余句子。找出该段反复出现的核心名词、关键概念或论述对象，用一句话概括本段主要在讲“谁/什么”以及“怎么样”。 步骤二：预判功能，锁定特征 预判段首句应具备的功能：提出观点、设问引入、概括陈述。在选项中寻找具有概括性、抽象性的句子，其关键词需覆盖后文细节。 步骤三：代入验证，检查覆盖 将选项代入，通读全段。检查该选项是否能作为“总纲”，让后面的细节都成为其“例证”或“分述”，确保逻辑顺畅。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项特征 概括性原则 正确选项是对全段内容的“高度浓缩”，而非具体细节。 检查选项是否为后文多个句子共同说明的“那个观点”。 以偏概全：用一个生动的细节或例子充当主旨。 前瞻性原则 正确选项具有“启下”功能，能自然引出后文的解释、举例或列举。 观察后文是否在展开论述、举例证明或分条解释该选项。 话题孤立：选项本身正确，但与后文内容脱节，无法引出下文。 一致性原则 正确选项的关键词（核心概念）必须与段内高频词、主题词高度一致。 圈出段落关键词，看选项中是否包含这些词或其同义表述。 偷换概念：涉及相关但非核心的概念，导致论述焦点偏移。 【典例1-1】 Your school offers great chances to study, make friends and try new things. Each term, you have time to use these chances. …… Learn more about your school……….. Find a need and take action. ……….. ___4___ It may seem simple, but being friendly to others can help create a good environment. This includes saying thank you when a student helps you, cleaning up any mess you make, and saying hello to others in the hallways. A good attitude (态度) can spread. A. Be friendly to others. B. Here’s how to get started. C. They help you meet more people. D. Work hard and make yourself better. E. Think about things you enjoy at school. 【答案】A 【解析】根据前面段落首句的Learn more about your school 以及Find a need and take action. 还有空格后文“It may seem simple, but being friendly to others can help create a good environment.”可知，对他人友好有助于营造良好的环境。选项A“对他人友好”符合语境。故选A。 【迁移运用1-1】 When do children start to talk? If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say“ around twelve months of age”. 1 Many parents keep a diary of their child’s “first words”. We can never predict (预测) what a first word is going to be. Often it’s the name for “mummy” or “daddy” but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. 2 But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200. 3 One of the first features of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating (陈述) and questioning. In English, daddy with a high rising tone (声调) means “Is that daddy?” Daddy with a high falling tone means“ There’s daddy”. Of course, only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar. 4 Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practicing such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the basic patterns (模式) of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go. 5 They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning. A．What are the parents doing all this time? B．Early words are actually one-word sentences. C．They will probably even remember what the children said. D．Everything depends on what has most caught the child’s attention. E．In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders. 二、段中题 解题核心：选出能承上启下、确保段落内部逻辑与语义连贯的“粘合剂”句子。 1. 解题步骤 步骤一：锁定上下文，分析逻辑缺口 精读空白处前一句和后一句，像分析“缺口”一样，判断两者间的逻辑关系：是顺承、转折、因果，还是需要举例说明？ 步骤二：寻找衔接纽带，匹配选项 寻找关键的衔接信号： 1. 逻辑词：选项中是否有For example, However, Also, So, Because等词，能准确体现上下文关系？ 2. 指代词：选项中是否有this, that, such, they, it等词，其指代内容是否能在前文中找到？ 3. 词汇复现：选项是否包含与前文或后文关键词相同的词或同义词？ 步骤三：双向代入，检验通畅 将选项放入空白，分别向前和向后朗读，确保它既能完美承接上文，又能自然引出下文，读起来一气呵成。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项特征 逻辑连贯原则 正确选项必须精准体现上下文之间的内在逻辑关系。 判断关系（如：举例、转折、因果），然后寻找包含对应逻辑词的选项。 逻辑混乱：使用错误的逻辑词（如该用For example却用了However），破坏文意。 指代明确原则 选项中的代词必须有清晰、唯一的先行词（指代对象）。 将选项中的代词（如they）代入，检查前文是否有明确的名词（如clubs）能与之对应。 指代模糊：代词所指不明，或指代错误对象，造成理解混乱。 语义粘合原则 正确选项应像“桥梁”，使前后句话题平滑过渡，无跳跃或中断。 观察选项放入后，前后句的话题是否自然延续，没有引入突兀的新概念。 话题脱节：选项引入了与前文或后文无关的信息，切断语义流。 【典例2-1】 It’s a team sport. Teamwork is the key. ____7____ You have to trust and support each other during matches. Pass the ball when someone is in a better position (位置). Each member has to do their part to help the team win. Remember, no one can win alone. ……… It improves communication. Stay connected with your teammates during matches. If you have a winning idea, tell your teammates! ____9____ Communication is an important part of basketball. The winning team is the one that works together and communicates well. A. It teaches problem-solving. B. Basketball is not a one-person game. C. Basketball is a great way to improve physical health. D. If you need someone to cover you, tell them that, too. E. Here are some key advantages of playing this exciting game. 【答案】7.B 9.D 【解析】7. 根据“It’s a team sport.”可知，此处强调篮球是一项团队运动，选项B“篮球并非单人运动。”符合语境，故选B。 9. 根据“If you have a winning idea, tell your teammates!”可知，此处建议多与队友沟通，选项D“如果你需要有人为你掩护，也告诉他们这一点吧。”符合语境，故选D。 【迁移运用2-1】 Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your eyes, then you can surely be healthy. 1 . Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight (视力) like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. 2 . If you work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and it will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, you’ d better clean your eyes with cold water. 3 . For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外线). Remember that vitamins (维他命) A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. 4 . And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food, his or her eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. 5 . They can help us keep healthy eyes. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. A．Eating these healthy foods will do good to your eyesight B．All of the above are natural ways of eye care C．That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care D．You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things E．Televisions, computers and reading are also causes of poor eyesight 三、段尾题 解题核心：选出能总结归纳本段内容，或能承上启下、自然引出下一段内容的句子。 1. 解题步骤 步骤一：向前归纳，把握段落目的 回顾整段内容，思考作者写本段的最终目的：是为了得出一个结论，强调一个观点，还是为引出下一个话题做铺垫？ 步骤二：判断功能，定位选项类型 判断空白处功能： 1. 总结型：寻找含有In short, Therefore, Thus等词，能归纳全段的句子。 2. 过渡型：快速浏览下一段开头，寻找能连接两段话题的句子，可能含有Besides..., Another point is...等词。 步骤三：通读复查，确保完整 将选项代入，从段首读到段尾，确保段落意思完整、逻辑闭环。若是过渡句，需确保能平滑转向下一话题。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项特征 归纳性原则 正确选项应能基于本段事实，得出一个合理的结论或评价。 检查选项是否是对本段多个细节的提炼和升华，而非简单重复某一句。 简单重复：直接抄写段中某一句细节，没有进行概括。 结论适度原则 得出的结论必须严格基于本段内容，不夸大、不想象。 警惕选项中出现的“绝对词”（如must, all, never）或文中未涉及的“深层意义”。 过度引申：结论超出了本段事实的支撑范围，属于主观拔高。 方向一致原则 正确选项的语义方向需与段落基调一致，并为后续发展（如有）做好铺垫。 感受段落情感色彩（积极/消极/中立），检查选项是否与之匹配；观察是否与下一段开头有逻辑或词汇上的呼应。 偏离方向：结论与段落基调矛盾，或生硬地转向一个与下文无关的新话题。 【典例3-1】What can you do when you don't want to do homework? You know it has to be done, but it's the last thing you want to do. How can you deal with the problem?　10． 　 Set goals（目标）for yourself. ……. Make a plan and write it down……….. Use rewards（奖质）to mark your progress…….. Ask your parents for help. …………. These suggestions above could work on you. Try them out. It's time to take action now. A. How can you make a plan? B. Do difficult homework first. C. Why should you write it down? D. Here is some advice to help you. E. You could also eat something you like. 【答案】D 【解析】根据上文提出问题"How can you deal with the problem?"你如何解决这个问题？以及后文段落内容可以推断出空格处需要一个引出后续建议的句子。所以答案是Here is some advice to help you。故选D。 【迁移运用3-1】 Minor Snow, or “Xiao Xue” in Chinese, is the 20th solar term (节气) of the Chinese lunar year, lasting from November 22 to December 6.   1 According to an old Chinese saying, “If the sky is full of snow during Minor Snow, next year will be a harvest year.” 2 Low temperatures with the snow can kill some hidden pests and bacteria (细菌) in the soil, which can reduce pests and diseases in the following year. During Minor Snow, the temperature falls sharply and the air becomes dry. People change their eating habits to suit the environment. In most of north China, the temperature will drop below zero degrees.   3 Meanwhile in some areas of south China, it is common to eat glutinous rice (糯米) cakes for more energy. 4 Thanks to the cold weather, preserved food can be stored for a long time. During the Spring Festival, a couple of months later, everyone can enjoy the delicious preserved food. What’s more, as the night is getting longer, and the weather is cold. People’s mood is easily influenced. So people should pay attention to their physical and mental conditions. It’s important to remain active. People can take part in some outdoor activities, enjoy more sunshine, listen to music, and watch comedies. This can also help to control the feelings. 5 A．People drink more hot soups, such as mutton soup, to keep them warm. B．Moreover, Minor Snow is the best time to start making preserved (腌制的) foods such as preserved pork or preserved vegetables. C．The right kind of weather during Minor Snow can be helpful for the farming areas. D．Hope you keep warm and healthy! E．As shown by the name, the period refers to the time of year when the weather starts getting colder. Passage 1 Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 1 Creating an interest in what they learn Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 2 This way they will not get bored. Practicing and learning from mistakes 3 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it if you don’t use it. “Practice makes perfect.” Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned, and they are not afraid of making mistakes. Developing their study skills It is not enough to just study hard. Good learners know the best way to study. 4 They also review what they have learned by reading their notes or by explaining the information to another student. Asking questions Good learners often ask questions during or after class. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. 5 Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. So learn wisely and learn well. A．Remember, “Use it or lose it.” B．Knowledge comes from questioning. C．Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common. D．Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. E．For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps. Passage 2 Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your eyes, then you can surely be healthy. 1 . Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight (视力) like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. 2 . If you work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and it will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, you’ d better clean your eyes with cold water. 3 . For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外线). Remember that vitamins (维他命) A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. 4 . And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food, his or her eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. 5 . They can help us keep healthy eyes. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. A．Eating these healthy foods will do good to your eyesight B．All of the above are natural ways of eye care C．That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care D．You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things E．Televisions, computers and reading are also causes of poor eyesight Passage 3 Every year, many people around the world get sick with influenza A, also called Flu A．It is a virus that spreads easily, especially in the colder months. Students in many schools have heard about flu A because some classmates may catch it. So it’s really important to prevent the flu. 1 . Keep good personal hygiene (卫生). 2 , especially before eating and after touching public items. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your hands when coughing or sneezing to stop germs (病菌) from spreading. 3 . Get enough sleep every day, avoid staying up late, as it weakens the immune system (免疫系统). Do regular exercise, such as walking, jogging or yoga, to make your body stronger. Eat a balanced diet with more fruits and vegetables, which provide vitamins to boost immunity. Keep away from the illness. 4 . If you have to go, wear a mask to protect yourself. And also avoiding close contact with flu patients can reduce the risk of catching the virus. Get a flu vaccine if possible. It’s one of the most effective ways to prevent the flu. 5 . Especially for the elderly, children and other high-risk groups. By following these tips, we can lower the risk of getting the flu and keep ourselves healthy. A．Maintain a healthy lifestyle B．Here are some ways to keep away from the flu effectively C．Wash your hands often with soap and running water D．People without health problems are advised to get vaccinated as soon as possible. E．Avoid going to crowded places during flu season Passage 4 Which color of clothing may make our day cheerful? Probably, dopamine (多巴胺) clothes have been a trend (潮流) on some short videos. 1 So they can get more dopamine and feel happier. But is there really any science behind this? 2 This kind of chemical can influence how we feel. According to Science Focus Magazine, there is no study about how colorful clothes can increase dopamine, but there are studies that show a relationship between the clothes we wear and how we act and feel. One study has found that wearing red can lead to better physical performance in soccer matches over the past 55 years. 3 Another study showed that wearing green can make people become more creative. 4 Perhaps it can remind us of nature. Yellow is associated with summer and warmth. It makes people feel warm. 5 Maybe there is more science to be waiting for us to study. A．Wearing yellow can bring people happiness, energy and excitement. B．This trend encourages people to choose colorful clothes. C．Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) in our brain. D．Green has also been found to help people relax. E．It showed that teams in red uniforms always played best in home games. Passage 5 Have you ever wanted to write a poem? Do you find it is too difficult? Many beginners think that poetry (诗) is only for experts or that it must follow very difficult rules. However, writing a poem doesn’t have to be a mystery. 1 Find your inspiration (灵感). Look closely at your life. This could be a powerful feeling like joy or sadness, a memory of a special day, a person you admire, or a beautiful scene in nature. Just see the world around you with your heart. Decide on a form for your poem. 2 Or, if you like patterns, you could try writing a poem that rhymes (押韵). You can also create a unique (独特的) shape with your words, putting them in order to look like the subject you are describing. 3 Don’t just tell the reader “I’m happy.” Instead, show them what that happiness feels like. For example, you could write, “My joy is like a bright red balloon, rising and dancing into the wide blue sky.” This helps the reader see and feel your emotion. Review and improve your poem. Your first try is just the beginning. Read it aloud to yourself or to a friend. How does it sound? Do the words flow smoothly? Don’t be afraid to change words, or cut unnecessary parts to make the rhythm (韵律) and meaning stronger. 4 Remember, while these steps are helpful, there are no strict rules in poetry. The goal is not perfection. 5 Your unique styles and opinions are what make your poem special. So, pick up your pen, let your imagination fly, and start your poetry journey today! A．Use descriptive language. B．Here is a simple guide to help you get started. C．This process of polishing is what makes a good poem great. D．The most important thing is to express your true feelings and ideas. E．It can be short and simple, without rhyming, like a free style poem. Passage 6 Now students’ English handwriting (书写) gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? 1    Use paper with lines When you write English words or sentences, you can use paper with lines. That will make your handwriting straight. 2 Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure these capital letters (大写字母) are written properly. Slow down If your writing is hard to read, just slow down a little. 3 If you write too quickly, it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and you may make more mistakes easily. Hold your pencil right. When you hold your pencil in the correct way, writing is much better. Some kids press down really hard when they write. 4 Try to be relaxed and don’t hold the pencil so hard. Let your writing appear nice and clean. If you do so, people will guess you are a student with a good habit. Draw more pictures 5 While you are drawing pictures, you need to use the skills to control your pencil better. Even though you have no chance to draw at school, you can practice by drawing at home. Handwriting is very important. Imagine if you are a famous movie star or a well-known sports player, what will you do when your fans run up to you? Give them your autographs (亲笔签名). Of course! A．If not, here are four steps that really work! B．That makes the handwriting bad. C．Drawing can improve your handwriting. D．Going slower makes your handwriting clearer. E．Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. Passage 7 Everyone wants to be successful in their study. But how to do that? 1 Make your study a priority (优先). Successful students always make study their priorities. 2 This doesn’t mean you can never do things you like, but you should always put study at the top of your to-do list. Work honestly. This means you should work on your own and avoid copying or cheating. 3 It may seem like a shortcut at first, but will finally get you into trouble in your study. Stay focused. Successful students stay concentrated (专注的) on the task. 4 If you need to study for a long time, for example, one hour or so, you can take a break to refresh your mind. But the break does not have to be long, 5 to 10 minutes is enough. Take an active part in class. If you want to be successful, you should ask questions when you have them as well as answer your teacher’s questions. Be an active member of group activities. Taking notes is also important. 5 There are many other things you can do to be successful. As long as you set your goal and hold on to it, you will succeed! A．Once you start working, give up your phone, your TV, storybooks, etc. B．That is, they always put their study before other activities. C．It can help you have a better understanding of what you’re learning as well. D．Cheating won’t get you anywhere. E．Here are a few things you can do to make yourself successful. Passage 8 How to Improve Your Reading Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. 1 Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you! Choose the right reading materials (材料). There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. 1 (Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容). Be intentional (意图明确的). When reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day.   1 To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan! 2     Reading can both introduce you to new vocabularies (词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent (相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary. Don’t try to understand everything. You need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK! Your brain can’t learn so many new things at one time. It’s more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. A．Read word groups. B．Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult. C．You could also be intentional with planning a time to read. D．But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey. E．And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later. Passage 9 Learning a Foreign Language There are many aspects to language learning such as how words are said, which words are chosen and what forms of words are used. All of these aspects together can make learning a foreign language difficult. But some advice might make learning a new language easier and more fun. ✦Don’t worry too much about pronouncing words the wrong way. Pronunciation is important, of course. 1 But the most important step in learning a new language is to practice speaking it. As for learning any new skills, practice makes perfect. And most of the time, the native speaker is glad to help improve the pronunciation of the words. ✦Don’t be afraid to guess the meaning of what someone says. 2 It is impossible to know all of them. You may use context (上下文) and body language to guess what others say. For example, when a person says “Hola” and waves his hand, one might guess that the person is giving a greeting. Whether it means “Hello” or “Good morning”,  it is not very important at that moment to know the exact meaning. ✦ 3 Learning a new language or skill always takes time. Many will give up learning because it is too hard or boring. Some may think that other people will laugh at them for making mistakes. But it’s OK to make mistakes. Nobody is perfect, after all, don’t lose hope and keep trying. In the end, learning a new language can be difficult but remember that it can give great advantages. 4 It can also include making new friends, experiencing new cultures and tasting new foods! A．Don’t give up. B．Don’t waste time. C．There are tens of thousands of words in English. D．It helps listeners to understand what someone says more clearly. E．It doesn’t just mean the ability to speak in that different language. Passage 10 In modern society, people use money every day. 1 That’s because without money you can’t buy any goods you want. But I think few people know the history of money. Long ago, people did not use money. They lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants. As time passed, people learned to raise animals and grow crops. Sometimes, families produced more than they needed, so they started to trade with other families. 2 However, it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones and so on. About 3,000 years ago, people began using coins as money. 3 Later, countries began to make their own coins. The Chinese were the first to use paper money, probably as early as the 11th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money when he visited China in the 1200s. However, European countries did not start using paper money until the 1600s. 1 We do not use coins or paper money. Often, people prefer to pay for things by card. Paying with a card is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of “real” money. What’s more, in China, people use WeChat or Alipay instead of real money or cards. And in some big cities, such as Shanghai, people have even begun to use “face scan payment (扫脸支付)”. A．They liked to use paper money. B．It seems that it is very important in our life. C．Today, we have many ways to pay for things. D．Later, people began to use money as a means of exchange. E．They soon found that coins were easier to carry than goods and lasted a long time. Passage 11 How Can You Become a Successful Learner? Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 1 Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common. Creating an interest in what they learn. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 2 For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. This way, they will not get bored. 3 Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. Remember, “Use it or lose it”! Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. “Practice makes perfect.” Good learners are also not afraid of making mistakes. Alexander Graham Bell did not invent the telephone overnight. He succeeded by trying many times and learning from his mistakes. Developing their study skills. It is not enough to just study hard. Good learners find out the best ways to learn well. For example, they may take notes by writing down keywords or by drawing mind maps. They also look for ways to review what they have learned. They may do this by reading their notes every day or by explaining the information to another student. 4 Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. A．Learning and forgetting. B．Practicing and learning from mistakes. C．But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. D．Learning is a life-long journey because every day brings something new. E．Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. Passage 12 You may have known about many traditional Chinese festivals such as Spring Festival or Lantern Festival, but have you ever heard of Dragon Heads-raising Day? It came from an old story. It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar (阴历的) month, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head. 1 This year, it falls on Mar 11. Old people believed that after Dragon Heads-raising Day, there would be more rain. 2 So Dragon Heads-raising Day was the start of spring and farming. 3 The most popular one is to have a haircut. Many believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to your uncles-mainly your mother’s brothers. They hope getting a haircut on Dragon Heads-raising Day gets rid of bad luck. Among Chinese people’s festival traditions, there is always a place for food. During the Dragon Heads-raising Day, people eat food named after-dragons. 4 Dumplings are dragon’s ears. And spring rolls are dragon’s scales (鳞片). People also hold activities like dragon dancing on the day. In some places in Shandong province, people make dragon lanterns, too, which stand for people’s best wishes and good luck. A．And rain is very important to farming. B．People have many ways to celebrate the festival. C．Although it’s not true, many people still do it. D．Noodles are called dragon’s beard (胡须). E．Because of this, the day is called “Dragon Heads-raising Day”. Passage 13 The relationship between parent and child can be one of the longest-lasting connections in a person’s life. Over the course of that relationship, it’s normal to feel a lot of emotions (情绪), from anger to support and connection. As teenagers, how can you feel and express love for your parents, even when things aren’t always easy? 1 Spend time together. Shared activities help build a sense of connection. For example, if you really like rock climbing, invite your parents to an easy climbing wall with you. 2 And after climbing with you, your parents may be more supportive of your hobby. Talk to your parents about the things they do that bother (烦扰) you. If your parents don’t know what’s bothering you, they can’t try to change themselves. Choose a quiet and relaxing moment to have this conversation, and notice that you might have to revisit (再次讨论) these topics many times. 3 Talk to your parents about the challenges you’re facing. Your parents are likely to have useful experience and advice about topics like study, relationship, and growing up. Open dialogue about these topics will make your relationship better. 4 Ask yourself: What might scare or worry me, if I were the parent of a teenager? Getting inside your parents’ mind will help you understand your parents more. With work, any relationship can be improved. Try to love your parents when you’re a teenager, and you will find they are the very people who love and care for you most in the world. A．Your relationship won’t change overnight. B．Practice putting yourself in your parents’ shoes. C．This gives you the chance to teach them something. D．You may join your parents and learn more about their hobbies. E．Here are some ways to help you have a loving connection with your parents. 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题10 阅读还原五选四/五选五（说明文） 目录 01·考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02·时空导航·网络构建 3 03·题型通关·靶向突破 4 考点一 题型破解 4 一、题型特点 4 二、选项规律 5 考点二 解题要点 5 一、段首题 5 二、段中题 8 三、段尾题 10 04·优题精选·练能提分 13 题型 考查形式 2025年 2024年 2023年 阅读补全之说明文 ☑选择题 □非选择题 湖南省卷 长沙卷 湖南省卷 长沙卷 岳阳卷；衡阳卷；永州卷；长沙卷 考情分析 一、命题特点分析 1. 题型稳定，权重固定：阅读补全（长沙为五选五；省卷为五选四）是湖南中考英语试卷阅读理解部分的固定题型，通常位于阅读板块的最后一篇，题量为4-5小题，分值一般为8-10分。该题型是区分学生英语阅读综合能力的关键题目。 2. 选材高度生活化、教育化：严格遵循“人与自我”及“人与社会”主题。真题无一例外地聚焦于学生的真实生活场域（学校、家庭）和个人成长议题（学习策略、习惯养成、健康生活、运动社交）。如2025年湖南卷谈“为学校做贡献”，2024年卷谈“应对作业困扰”，2023年各地市卷谈“学习英语”、“健康习惯”、“高效阅读”，均直接回应学生日常的困惑与需求，具有强烈的引导性和实用性。 3. 文本结构清晰，逻辑严谨：所选文章均为结构清晰的说明文或议论文，采用易于辨识的“总起—分述”结构。首段或首句提出核心话题或问题，后续段落分别从几个平行或递进的方面展开论述。这为解题提供了清晰的宏观框架。 二、命题思路总结 湖南中考的阅读补全题，本质上是考查学生对英语语篇连贯性与衔接性的把握。具体通过以下几种高频衔接手段设题： ① 段落主题句/总结句的概括能力 这是湖南考题的重中之重。多数空白设在段首或段尾，要求学生选出能概括整段主旨或总结段意的句子。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025湖南)：首段末尾，需要承上启下、总领全文的句子。选项B “Here’s how to get started.” 完美充当了全文的“总起句”，引出下文几个具体方法。 (2025长沙)：单独成段的标题位置。需要概括下文“专注力、快速决策、解决问题”的核心，选项A “It teaches problem-solving.” 准确概括了该段主旨。 ② 逻辑关系词的隐性识别 题目不直接给出“however, so”等词，但选项与上下文之间隐藏着强烈的逻辑关系。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025湖南)：下文是“说谢谢、收拾烂摊子、打招呼”等具体行为，上空需要能概括这些行为的主题句。选项A “Be friendly to others.” 与下文构成“观点+例证”的逻辑关系。 (2023衡阳)：上文讲早餐，下文讲睡眠，是平行列举的另一个健康习惯。选项C “Get enough sleep.” 与上下文构成“并列列举”关系。 ③ 代词指代与词汇复现 通过代词（it, they, this, that）或关键词的同义复现，在微观上锁定选项。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025湖南)：前文“join teams or clubs”，后文“These people can give you...”，选项中必须出现能被“these people”指代的“people”。选项C “They help you meet more people.” 中的“They”指代前文的“teams or clubs”，且“meet more people”与后文“these people”完美衔接。 (2024长沙)：前文提到“重复这些行动”，后文引用作者的话“所有大事都始于微小”。选项C “He calls these repeated actions ‘atomic habits’.” 中的“these repeated actions”与前文复现，“atomic habits”与后文引语中的“small beginnings”形成核心概念对应。 ④ 并列排比结构 文章几个分论点常采用结构相似的句式，形成排比，为解题提供形式线索。 · 【例题佐证】：(2025长沙真题)：各段小标题为“It’s a good way to stay fit.”，“It’s a team sport.”，“...”，“It improves communication.”。第8空作为小标题，必然采用 “It +动词 + 名词” 的平行结构。选项A “It teaches problem-solving.” 在结构上完全匹配。 命题预测 · 主题深化：将继续围绕“人与自我”，但可能从“行为方法”层面，更多地向“心理认知”和“价值判断”层面渗透。例如： 思辨与选择：如何面对网络上的不同意见？如何平衡个人兴趣与集体责任？ 文化自信与表达：可能融入湖湘文化元素（如传统技艺、地方风俗）在现代生活中的传承与创新故事，考查学生对文化内涵的理解。 科技的双刃剑：探讨学生如何理性使用AI工具辅助学习、管理社交媒体时间等。 · 语篇复杂度微增：文章的逻辑链条可能更隐蔽，段落内部的衔接可能不再总是“主题句+例证”的直白模式，可能出现“现象—分析—结论”等更复杂的结构。 · 选项干扰性增强：干扰项的设计会更加精巧，“细节错置”和“局部合理”的选项会更多，对学生的全局观和逻辑判断力提出更高要求。 考点一 题型破解 一、题型特点 1. 说明文的核心特点 · 结构清晰：常见“总-分”、“分-总”或“总-分-总”结构。主旨句常位于篇首或段首，结尾常作总结。 · 逻辑严密：大量使用表示顺序、因果、对比、举例的逻辑连接词。 · 客观准确：语言平实，以提供事实、解释概念为主。 二、选项的普遍规律 干扰项类型 核心特征与命题逻辑 典型例子（结合说明文常见话题） 逻辑断裂型 (最常见) 逻辑陷阱：选项本身语义正确，但放入后，其隐含的逻辑关系（如因果、转折、递进）与上下文不符，导致行文生硬或矛盾。 命题逻辑：利用学生只关注词汇匹配而忽略逻辑通顺的心理，设置“语法正确但逻辑错误”的陷阱。 上下文：空后是 “For example, many people find it improves their mood.” (例如，许多人发现它改善了情绪。) 干扰项：However, it has some side effects. (然而，它有一些副作用。) —— 用“However”转折，与后文“举例证明”的顺承关系矛盾。 正确项特征：能顺承逻辑，如 It is good for mental health. (它对心理健康有益。)。 信息错位型 信息陷阱：选项信息在原文其他部分真实出现，但并非设空处所需信息，属于“张冠李戴”。 命题逻辑：利用学生寻读时对细节的记忆，诱使其选择文中提及但文意不连贯的“原词原句”。 文章内容：全文讲“运动益处”，第三段详述“团队合作”。 设空处：第二段段尾，需总结“运动对健康的物理益处”。 干扰项：It helps you learn teamwork. (它帮助你学习团队合作。) —— 信息真实，但属于第三段内容，放入此处切断段落主题。 正确项特征：能归纳本段信息，如 So, it greatly improves physical fitness. (因此，它能极大提升身体健康。)。 功能不符型 功能陷阱：选项的句子功能（如提出主题、举例说明、总结结论）与设空处所需的功能不匹配。 命题逻辑：针对不同位置（段首、中、尾）的固定功能设空，用功能错误的选项干扰。 设空位置：段落首句。 干扰项：For instance, you can start by walking. (例如，你可以从散步开始。) —— 这是“举例”功能，不能充当总领全段的“主题句”。 正确项特征：具有概括性，能引领下文，如 There are easy ways to add exercise to your daily life. (有一些简单的方法可以将运动融入日常生活。)。 语义无关型 语义陷阱：选项内容与文章核心话题无关，可能是常识性表述或基于其他话题的正确信息。 命题逻辑：利用学生无法把握段落主线时的猜测心理，设置脱离语境的“万能干扰项”。 文章话题：如何养成良好的阅读习惯。 干扰项：A balanced diet is also important. (均衡饮食也很重要。) —— 表述正确，但与“阅读习惯”主题完全无关。 正确项特征：紧密围绕文章主线展开。 考点二 解题要点 一、段首题 解题核心：识别并选出能总领、概括整段内容的主题句。 1. 解题步骤 步骤一：向后阅读，归纳主旨 跳过空白，快速阅读本段其余句子。找出该段反复出现的核心名词、关键概念或论述对象，用一句话概括本段主要在讲“谁/什么”以及“怎么样”。 步骤二：预判功能，锁定特征 预判段首句应具备的功能：提出观点、设问引入、概括陈述。在选项中寻找具有概括性、抽象性的句子，其关键词需覆盖后文细节。 步骤三：代入验证，检查覆盖 将选项代入，通读全段。检查该选项是否能作为“总纲”，让后面的细节都成为其“例证”或“分述”，确保逻辑顺畅。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项特征 概括性原则 正确选项是对全段内容的“高度浓缩”，而非具体细节。 检查选项是否为后文多个句子共同说明的“那个观点”。 以偏概全：用一个生动的细节或例子充当主旨。 前瞻性原则 正确选项具有“启下”功能，能自然引出后文的解释、举例或列举。 观察后文是否在展开论述、举例证明或分条解释该选项。 话题孤立：选项本身正确，但与后文内容脱节，无法引出下文。 一致性原则 正确选项的关键词（核心概念）必须与段内高频词、主题词高度一致。 圈出段落关键词，看选项中是否包含这些词或其同义表述。 偷换概念：涉及相关但非核心的概念，导致论述焦点偏移。 【典例1-1】 Your school offers great chances to study, make friends and try new things. Each term, you have time to use these chances. …… Learn more about your school……….. Find a need and take action. ……….. ___4___ It may seem simple, but being friendly to others can help create a good environment. This includes saying thank you when a student helps you, cleaning up any mess you make, and saying hello to others in the hallways. A good attitude (态度) can spread. A. Be friendly to others. B. Here’s how to get started. C. They help you meet more people. D. Work hard and make yourself better. E. Think about things you enjoy at school. 【答案】A 【解析】根据前面段落首句的Learn more about your school 以及Find a need and take action. 还有空格后文“It may seem simple, but being friendly to others can help create a good environment.”可知，对他人友好有助于营造良好的环境。选项A“对他人友好”符合语境。故选A。 【迁移运用1-1】 When do children start to talk? If you ask a group of parents when this happened, most will say“ around twelve months of age”. 1 Many parents keep a diary of their child’s “first words”. We can never predict (预测) what a first word is going to be. Often it’s the name for “mummy” or “daddy” but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy. 2 But one thing is certain: after the first word, others come quickly. By 18 months, most children have learned about 50 words. By two, the total has risen to around 200. 3 One of the first features of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating (陈述) and questioning. In English, daddy with a high rising tone (声调) means “Is that daddy?” Daddy with a high falling tone means“ There’s daddy”. Of course, only very basic meanings can be communicated using tones alone. So it soon becomes necessary to learn some grammar. 4 Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy. They start practicing such changes at around 18 months. By two, they have learned the basic patterns (模式) of word order, and we hear them saying such things as man kick ball and where daddy go. 5 They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning. A．What are the parents doing all this time? B．Early words are actually one-word sentences. C．They will probably even remember what the children said. D．Everything depends on what has most caught the child’s attention. E．In English, grammar means learning to put words in different orders. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B 4．E 5．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了儿童语言发展的阶段和特点，包括开始说话的时间、早期词汇、语调控制、语法学习以及父母在语言学习中的作用。 1．根据“Many parents keep a diary of their child’s ‘first words’.”可知，此处与父母记得孩子说话的内容有关，。选项C“他们甚至可能还记得孩子们说的话。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据“Often it’s the name for ‘mummy’ or ‘daddy’ but it could just as easily be the word for an animal or a favorite toy.”可知，此处与影响第一个单词选择的因素有关。选项D“一切都取决于最吸引孩子注意力的东西。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“One of the first features of language a child learns well is to control the rise and fall of the voice to make the difference between stating (陈述) and questioning…”可知，此处与早期语言的特点有关。选项B“早期的话语实际上是由一个单词组成的句子。”符合语境。故选B。 4．根据“Children have to see that mummy push is different from push mummy.”可知，此处与英语语法涉及词序变化有关。选项E“在英语中，语法意味着学习把单词按照不同的顺序排列。”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据“They’re acting as teachers and they always have an active role to play in their child’s language learning.”可知，此处与父母的作用有关。选项A“父母在此期间做了什么？”符合语境。故选A。 二、段中题 解题核心：选出能承上启下、确保段落内部逻辑与语义连贯的“粘合剂”句子。 1. 解题步骤 步骤一：锁定上下文，分析逻辑缺口 精读空白处前一句和后一句，像分析“缺口”一样，判断两者间的逻辑关系：是顺承、转折、因果，还是需要举例说明？ 步骤二：寻找衔接纽带，匹配选项 寻找关键的衔接信号： 1. 逻辑词：选项中是否有For example, However, Also, So, Because等词，能准确体现上下文关系？ 2. 指代词：选项中是否有this, that, such, they, it等词，其指代内容是否能在前文中找到？ 3. 词汇复现：选项是否包含与前文或后文关键词相同的词或同义词？ 步骤三：双向代入，检验通畅 将选项放入空白，分别向前和向后朗读，确保它既能完美承接上文，又能自然引出下文，读起来一气呵成。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项特征 逻辑连贯原则 正确选项必须精准体现上下文之间的内在逻辑关系。 判断关系（如：举例、转折、因果），然后寻找包含对应逻辑词的选项。 逻辑混乱：使用错误的逻辑词（如该用For example却用了However），破坏文意。 指代明确原则 选项中的代词必须有清晰、唯一的先行词（指代对象）。 将选项中的代词（如they）代入，检查前文是否有明确的名词（如clubs）能与之对应。 指代模糊：代词所指不明，或指代错误对象，造成理解混乱。 语义粘合原则 正确选项应像“桥梁”，使前后句话题平滑过渡，无跳跃或中断。 观察选项放入后，前后句的话题是否自然延续，没有引入突兀的新概念。 话题脱节：选项引入了与前文或后文无关的信息，切断语义流。 【典例2-1】 It’s a team sport. Teamwork is the key. ____7____ You have to trust and support each other during matches. Pass the ball when someone is in a better position (位置). Each member has to do their part to help the team win. Remember, no one can win alone. ……… It improves communication. Stay connected with your teammates during matches. If you have a winning idea, tell your teammates! ____9____ Communication is an important part of basketball. The winning team is the one that works together and communicates well. A. It teaches problem-solving. B. Basketball is not a one-person game. C. Basketball is a great way to improve physical health. D. If you need someone to cover you, tell them that, too. E. Here are some key advantages of playing this exciting game. 【答案】7.B 9.D 【解析】7. 根据“It’s a team sport.”可知，此处强调篮球是一项团队运动，选项B“篮球并非单人运动。”符合语境，故选B。 9. 根据“If you have a winning idea, tell your teammates!”可知，此处建议多与队友沟通，选项D“如果你需要有人为你掩护，也告诉他们这一点吧。”符合语境，故选D。 【迁移运用2-1】 Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your eyes, then you can surely be healthy. 1 . Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight (视力) like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. 2 . If you work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and it will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, you’ d better clean your eyes with cold water. 3 . For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外线). Remember that vitamins (维他命) A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. 4 . And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food, his or her eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. 5 . They can help us keep healthy eyes. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. A．Eating these healthy foods will do good to your eyesight B．All of the above are natural ways of eye care C．That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care D．You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things E．Televisions, computers and reading are also causes of poor eyesight 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。围绕眼部护理的重要性展开，介绍了视力不佳的原因以及自然的眼部护理方法。 1．根据前文“It is said that if you take care of your eyes, then you can surely be healthy.”可知，此处承接上文，说明照顾眼睛的必要性，选项C“这就是为什么我们的眼睛应该得到很多照顾”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据前文“There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes and aging.”可知，此处是继续列举视力不佳的原因，选项E“电视、电脑和阅读也是导致视力不佳的原因”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据后文“For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.”可知，此处是建议保护眼睛免受有害事物的伤害，选项D“你也必须尽力保护你的眼睛免受有害事物的伤害”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据前文“Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins.”可知，此处承接上文，说明吃这些健康食物对视力的好处，选项A“吃这些健康的食物将有助于你的视力”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据后文“They can help us keep healthy eyes.”以及前文介绍的各种眼部护理方法可知，此处是总结前文提到的都是自然的眼部护理方式，选项B“以上都是自然的眼部护理方式”符合语境。故选B。 三、段尾题 解题核心：选出能总结归纳本段内容，或能承上启下、自然引出下一段内容的句子。 1. 解题步骤 步骤一：向前归纳，把握段落目的 回顾整段内容，思考作者写本段的最终目的：是为了得出一个结论，强调一个观点，还是为引出下一个话题做铺垫？ 步骤二：判断功能，定位选项类型 判断空白处功能： 1. 总结型：寻找含有In short, Therefore, Thus等词，能归纳全段的句子。 2. 过渡型：快速浏览下一段开头，寻找能连接两段话题的句子，可能含有Besides..., Another point is...等词。 步骤三：通读复查，确保完整 将选项代入，从段首读到段尾，确保段落意思完整、逻辑闭环。若是过渡句，需确保能平滑转向下一话题。 2. 解题原则 原则名称 核心释义 具体操作 典型干扰项特征 归纳性原则 正确选项应能基于本段事实，得出一个合理的结论或评价。 检查选项是否是对本段多个细节的提炼和升华，而非简单重复某一句。 简单重复：直接抄写段中某一句细节，没有进行概括。 结论适度原则 得出的结论必须严格基于本段内容，不夸大、不想象。 警惕选项中出现的“绝对词”（如must, all, never）或文中未涉及的“深层意义”。 过度引申：结论超出了本段事实的支撑范围，属于主观拔高。 方向一致原则 正确选项的语义方向需与段落基调一致，并为后续发展（如有）做好铺垫。 感受段落情感色彩（积极/消极/中立），检查选项是否与之匹配；观察是否与下一段开头有逻辑或词汇上的呼应。 偏离方向：结论与段落基调矛盾，或生硬地转向一个与下文无关的新话题。 【典例3-1】What can you do when you don't want to do homework? You know it has to be done, but it's the last thing you want to do. How can you deal with the problem?　10． 　 Set goals（目标）for yourself. ……. Make a plan and write it down……….. Use rewards（奖质）to mark your progress…….. Ask your parents for help. …………. These suggestions above could work on you. Try them out. It's time to take action now. A. How can you make a plan? B. Do difficult homework first. C. Why should you write it down? D. Here is some advice to help you. E. You could also eat something you like. 【答案】D 【解析】根据上文提出问题"How can you deal with the problem?"你如何解决这个问题？以及后文段落内容可以推断出空格处需要一个引出后续建议的句子。所以答案是Here is some advice to help you。故选D。 【迁移运用3-1】 Minor Snow, or “Xiao Xue” in Chinese, is the 20th solar term (节气) of the Chinese lunar year, lasting from November 22 to December 6.   1 According to an old Chinese saying, “If the sky is full of snow during Minor Snow, next year will be a harvest year.” 2 Low temperatures with the snow can kill some hidden pests and bacteria (细菌) in the soil, which can reduce pests and diseases in the following year. During Minor Snow, the temperature falls sharply and the air becomes dry. People change their eating habits to suit the environment. In most of north China, the temperature will drop below zero degrees.   3 Meanwhile in some areas of south China, it is common to eat glutinous rice (糯米) cakes for more energy. 4 Thanks to the cold weather, preserved food can be stored for a long time. During the Spring Festival, a couple of months later, everyone can enjoy the delicious preserved food. What’s more, as the night is getting longer, and the weather is cold. People’s mood is easily influenced. So people should pay attention to their physical and mental conditions. It’s important to remain active. People can take part in some outdoor activities, enjoy more sunshine, listen to music, and watch comedies. This can also help to control the feelings. 5 A．People drink more hot soups, such as mutton soup, to keep them warm. B．Moreover, Minor Snow is the best time to start making preserved (腌制的) foods such as preserved pork or preserved vegetables. C．The right kind of weather during Minor Snow can be helpful for the farming areas. D．Hope you keep warm and healthy! E．As shown by the name, the period refers to the time of year when the weather starts getting colder. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国二十四节气中的“小雪”，包括其时间范围、气候特点、农事意义、饮食习俗以及人们在此期间的身心健康建议。 1．根据上文“Minor Snow, or ‘Xiao Xue’ in Chinese, is the 20th solar term (节气) of the Chinese lunar year, lasting from November 22 to December 6.”可推知，此处需补充对小雪名称或时间特点的说明。选项E“顾名思义，这个时期指的是一年中天气开始变冷的时候。”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据上文“If the sky is full of snow during Minor Snow, next year will be a harvest year.”及下文“Low temperatures with the snow can kill some hidden pests and bacteria (细菌) in the soil, which can reduce pests and diseases in the following year.”可推知，此处需填入与农事益处相关的句子。选项C“小雪时节适宜的天气状况，对农业产区大有裨益。”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据上文“People change their eating habits to suit the environment.”可推知，此处需填入具体饮食调整内容。选项A“人们喝更多的热汤，如羊肉汤，以保持温暖。”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据下文“Thanks to the cold weather, preserved food can be stored for a long time. During the Spring Festival, a couple of months later, everyone can enjoy the delicious preserved food.”可推知，此处需说明小雪节气是腌制食品的制作时机。选项B“此外，小雪是开始制作腌制食品的最佳时间，如腌制猪肉或腌制蔬菜。”符合语境，故选B。 5．根据上文“people should pay attention to their physical and mental conditions”和空格处的位置可推知，此处需填入总结性建议或祝福。选项D“希望你保持温暖和健康！”符合语境，故选D。 Passage 1 Everyone is born with the ability to learn. But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. 1 Creating an interest in what they learn Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 2 This way they will not get bored. Practicing and learning from mistakes 3 Even if you learn something well, you will forget it if you don’t use it. “Practice makes perfect.” Good learners will keep practicing what they have learned, and they are not afraid of making mistakes. Developing their study skills It is not enough to just study hard. Good learners know the best way to study. 4 They also review what they have learned by reading their notes or by explaining the information to another student. Asking questions Good learners often ask questions during or after class. They even ask each other and try to find out the answers. 5 Learning is a lifelong journey because every day brings something new. Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you. So learn wisely and learn well. A．Remember, “Use it or lose it.” B．Knowledge comes from questioning. C．Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common. D．Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something interesting. E．For example, they may take notes by writing down key words or by drawing mind maps. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．E 5．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何成为一名成功的学习者的四条建议，分别是：对所学东西产生兴趣、练习并从错误中学习、培养学习技巧和提出问题。 1．根据上文“But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits.”以及设空位置可知，此处是表达承上启下，引出后文的四个好的学习习惯。选项C“研究表明成功的学习者有一些共同的好习惯。”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据小标题“Creating an interest in what they learn”可知，本段主要描述和兴趣相关的内容，选项D“好的学习者经常把他们需要学习的东西和一些有趣的东西联系起来。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据下文“Even if you learn something well, you will forget it if you don’t use it.”可知，此处描述即使你有些东西学得很好，但是如果不用，也会忘记。选项A“记住，‘使用它或者失去它’。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据小标题“Developing their study skills”可知，本段描述好的学习者们独特的学习技巧。选项E“例如，他们可能通过写下关键词或者画思维导图来记笔记。”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据小标题“Asking questions”可知，本段描述的学习技巧和问问题相关。选项B“知识来自质疑。”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 2 Many of us don’t pay much attention to the importance of eye care. It is said that if you take care of your eyes, then you can surely be healthy. 1 . Natural eye care should be put in a number one place. There are several causes leading to poor eyesight (视力) like not enough food, genes (基因) and aging. 2 . If you work in front of the computer, it is best to take a break every once in a while. Something dirty can cause redness and it will make you feel uncomfortable. It is bad for your eyes, too. If this happens, you’ d better clean your eyes with cold water. 3 . For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays (紫外线). Remember that vitamins (维他命) A, C and E are good for eyes. Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins. 4 . And you should do eye exercises because exercise protects your eyesight, too. If a person exercises regularly and eats the right kind of food, his or her eyes will stay in good condition for a long time. 5 . They can help us keep healthy eyes. In a word, eye care is very important, no matter how old a person is. A．Eating these healthy foods will do good to your eyesight B．All of the above are natural ways of eye care C．That is why our eyes should be given a lot of care D．You must also try your best to protect your eyes from harmful things E．Televisions, computers and reading are also causes of poor eyesight 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．D 4．A 5．B 【导语】本文是说明文。围绕眼部护理的重要性展开，介绍了视力不佳的原因以及自然的眼部护理方法。 1．根据前文“It is said that if you take care of your eyes, then you can surely be healthy.”可知，此处承接上文，说明照顾眼睛的必要性，选项C“这就是为什么我们的眼睛应该得到很多照顾”符合语境。故选C。 2．根据前文“There are several causes leading to poor eyesight like not enough food, genes and aging.”可知，此处是继续列举视力不佳的原因，选项E“电视、电脑和阅读也是导致视力不佳的原因”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据后文“For example, sunglasses are not just for fashion but they can also serve as a great way to protect your eyesight from UV rays.”可知，此处是建议保护眼睛免受有害事物的伤害，选项D“你也必须尽力保护你的眼睛免受有害事物的伤害”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据前文“Try to eat food groups that have these vitamins.”可知，此处承接上文，说明吃这些健康食物对视力的好处，选项A“吃这些健康的食物将有助于你的视力”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据后文“They can help us keep healthy eyes.”以及前文介绍的各种眼部护理方法可知，此处是总结前文提到的都是自然的眼部护理方式，选项B“以上都是自然的眼部护理方式”符合语境。故选B。 Passage 3 Every year, many people around the world get sick with influenza A, also called Flu A．It is a virus that spreads easily, especially in the colder months. Students in many schools have heard about flu A because some classmates may catch it. So it’s really important to prevent the flu. 1 . Keep good personal hygiene (卫生). 2 , especially before eating and after touching public items. Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or your hands when coughing or sneezing to stop germs (病菌) from spreading. 3 . Get enough sleep every day, avoid staying up late, as it weakens the immune system (免疫系统). Do regular exercise, such as walking, jogging or yoga, to make your body stronger. Eat a balanced diet with more fruits and vegetables, which provide vitamins to boost immunity. Keep away from the illness. 4 . If you have to go, wear a mask to protect yourself. And also avoiding close contact with flu patients can reduce the risk of catching the virus. Get a flu vaccine if possible. It’s one of the most effective ways to prevent the flu. 5 . Especially for the elderly, children and other high-risk groups. By following these tips, we can lower the risk of getting the flu and keep ourselves healthy. A．Maintain a healthy lifestyle B．Here are some ways to keep away from the flu effectively C．Wash your hands often with soap and running water D．People without health problems are advised to get vaccinated as soon as possible. E．Avoid going to crowded places during flu season 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．E 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了预防甲型流感的几种有效方法和建议。 1．根据文章开头“So it’s really important to prevent the flu...”可知，此处需要一个总起句来引出下文具体的预防方法。选项B“以下是一些有效远离流感的方法”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据文章第二段小标题“Keep good personal hygiene”及下文“...especially before eating and after touching public items.”可知，此处具体说明保持个人卫生的做法。选项C“经常用肥皂和流动水洗手”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据文章第三段内容“Get enough sleep...Do regular exercise...Eat a balanced diet...”可知，此处是本段小标题，核心是保持健康的生活方式，选项A“保持健康的生活方式”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据文章第四段小标题“Keep away from the illness”及下文“If you have to go, wear a mask...”可知，此处应是一种需要避免的情况。选项E“流感季节避免去拥挤的地方”符合语境。故选E。 5．根据上下文“It’s one of the most effective ways to prevent the flu...Especially for the elderly, children...”可知，此处应该补充说明接种疫苗的适用人群。选项D“建议没有健康问题的人也尽快接种疫苗”符合语境。故选D。 Passage 4 Which color of clothing may make our day cheerful? Probably, dopamine (多巴胺) clothes have been a trend (潮流) on some short videos. 1 So they can get more dopamine and feel happier. But is there really any science behind this? 2 This kind of chemical can influence how we feel. According to Science Focus Magazine, there is no study about how colorful clothes can increase dopamine, but there are studies that show a relationship between the clothes we wear and how we act and feel. One study has found that wearing red can lead to better physical performance in soccer matches over the past 55 years. 3 Another study showed that wearing green can make people become more creative. 4 Perhaps it can remind us of nature. Yellow is associated with summer and warmth. It makes people feel warm. 5 Maybe there is more science to be waiting for us to study. A．Wearing yellow can bring people happiness, energy and excitement. B．This trend encourages people to choose colorful clothes. C．Dopamine is a chemical (化学物质) in our brain. D．Green has also been found to help people relax. E．It showed that teams in red uniforms always played best in home games. 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．E 4．D 5．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了多巴胺穿搭成为潮流，人们认为穿多彩衣服能获得更多多巴胺从而更快乐，虽无关于多彩衣服增加多巴胺的研究，但有研究表明所穿衣服与行为和感受有关系，还列举了不同颜色衣服带来的不同影响，最后表示也许还有更多科学等待研究。 1．根据前文“Probably, dopamine (多巴胺) clothes have been a trend (潮流) on some short videos.”和后文“So they can get more dopamine and feel happier.”可知，前文提到多巴胺衣服成为潮流，后文说能获得更多多巴胺更快乐，由此推知，空格处应说明这种潮流带来的影响，即鼓励人们选择多彩衣服。选项B“这种趋势促使人们选择色彩鲜艳的衣服。”符合语境，故选B。 2．根据后文“This kind of chemical can influence how we feel.”可知，空格处应引出这种化学物质是什么。选项C“多巴胺是我们大脑中的一种化学物质。”符合语境，故选C。 3．根据前文“One study has found that wearing red can lead to better physical performance in soccer matches over the past 55 years.”可知，前文说一项研究发现穿红色在足球比赛中能带来更好的身体表现，空格处应进一步说明这种表现。选项E“它表明穿红色队服的球队在主场比赛中总是表现最好。”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据前文“Another study showed that wearing green can make people become more creative.”和后文“Perhaps it can remind us of nature.”可知，前文说穿绿色能让人更有创造力，后文说也许能让我们想起大自然，由此推知，空格处应说明绿色对人的其他影响，与放松有关。选项D“绿色也被发现能帮助人们放松。”符合语境，故选D。 5．根据前文“Yellow is associated with summer and warmth. It makes people feel warm.”可知，前文说黄色有夏天和温暖的迹象，让人感到温暖，空格处应继续说明黄色对人的影响。选项A“穿黄色能给人带来快乐、活力和兴奋。”符合语境，故选A。 Passage 5 Have you ever wanted to write a poem? Do you find it is too difficult? Many beginners think that poetry (诗) is only for experts or that it must follow very difficult rules. However, writing a poem doesn’t have to be a mystery. 1 Find your inspiration (灵感). Look closely at your life. This could be a powerful feeling like joy or sadness, a memory of a special day, a person you admire, or a beautiful scene in nature. Just see the world around you with your heart. Decide on a form for your poem. 2 Or, if you like patterns, you could try writing a poem that rhymes (押韵). You can also create a unique (独特的) shape with your words, putting them in order to look like the subject you are describing. 3 Don’t just tell the reader “I’m happy.” Instead, show them what that happiness feels like. For example, you could write, “My joy is like a bright red balloon, rising and dancing into the wide blue sky.” This helps the reader see and feel your emotion. Review and improve your poem. Your first try is just the beginning. Read it aloud to yourself or to a friend. How does it sound? Do the words flow smoothly? Don’t be afraid to change words, or cut unnecessary parts to make the rhythm (韵律) and meaning stronger. 4 Remember, while these steps are helpful, there are no strict rules in poetry. The goal is not perfection. 5 Your unique styles and opinions are what make your poem special. So, pick up your pen, let your imagination fly, and start your poetry journey today! A．Use descriptive language. B．Here is a simple guide to help you get started. C．This process of polishing is what makes a good poem great. D．The most important thing is to express your true feelings and ideas. E．It can be short and simple, without rhyming, like a free style poem. 【答案】1．B 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，围绕“如何写诗歌”展开，分步骤给出具体指导。 1．根据“However, writing a poem doesn’t have to be a mystery. Find your inspiration…”可知，这里应引出写诗的简单指南，选项B“这里有一份简单的指南帮助你开始。”符合语境，承接前文“写诗不神秘”，开启后文具体步骤，故选B。 2．根据“Decide on a form for your poem. Or, if you like patterns, you could try writing a poem that rhymes…”可知，这里应说明一种诗歌形式，选项E“它可以简短简单，不押韵，就像一首自由诗。”符合语境，与后文“押韵诗”形成选择关系，解释诗歌形式的多样性，故选E。 3．根据“Don’t just tell the reader…Instead, show them what that happiness feels like.”可知，这里应点明使用描述性语言的主题，选项A“使用描述性语言。”符合语境，概括该部分内容，指导读者用具体画面表达情感，故选A。 4．根据“Don’t be afraid to change words, or cut unnecessary parts to make the rhythm and meaning stronger.”可知，这里应说明修改打磨的作用，选项C“这种打磨的过程让一首好诗变得出色。”符合语境，承接前文修改建议，强调打磨的重要性，故选C。 5．根据“The goal is not perfection. Your unique styles and opinions are what make your poem special.”可知，这里应说明写诗的核心，选项D“最重要的是表达你真实的感受和想法。”符合语境，衔接前文“目标非完美”，点明诗歌的本质价值，故选D。 Passage 6 Now students’ English handwriting (书写) gets worse and worse. That makes their teachers feel worried. Is your English handwriting beautiful? 1    Use paper with lines When you write English words or sentences, you can use paper with lines. That will make your handwriting straight. 2 Be sure to fill the lined space completely. And make sure these capital letters (大写字母) are written properly. Slow down If your writing is hard to read, just slow down a little. 3 If you write too quickly, it’s hard for you to stop where you should, and you may make more mistakes easily. Hold your pencil right. When you hold your pencil in the correct way, writing is much better. Some kids press down really hard when they write. 4 Try to be relaxed and don’t hold the pencil so hard. Let your writing appear nice and clean. If you do so, people will guess you are a student with a good habit. Draw more pictures 5 While you are drawing pictures, you need to use the skills to control your pencil better. Even though you have no chance to draw at school, you can practice by drawing at home. Handwriting is very important. Imagine if you are a famous movie star or a well-known sports player, what will you do when your fans run up to you? Give them your autographs (亲笔签名). Of course! A．If not, here are four steps that really work! B．That makes the handwriting bad. C．Drawing can improve your handwriting. D．Going slower makes your handwriting clearer. E．Those lines on the paper can help you to write words in the right size. 【答案】1．A 2．E 3．D 4．B 5．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从在纸上画线、慢速书写、正确握笔、多学绘画四个方面介绍了如何使书写变得漂亮的方法，以及美观书写的重要性。 1．根据“Is your English handwriting beautiful? ”可知，此处是说如果书写不漂亮，下文给出了四种方法。A项“如果不漂亮，这里有四个真正有效的步骤！”符合语境。故选A。 2．根据“Use paper with lines”可知，此处讲与带线条的纸张相关的内容，E项“纸上的这些线条可以帮助你写大小合适的单词。”符合语境。故选E。 3．根据“If your writing is hard to read, just slow down a little.”可知，此处讲慢些来的好处。D项“慢一点可以使你的字迹更清楚。”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据“Try to be relaxed and don’t hold the pencil so hard”可知，写字时压得很重是不好的。B项“那使书写很糟糕。”符合语境。故选B。 5．根据“Draw more pictures”可知此处讲与画画相关的内容。C项“画画可以改善你的书法。”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 7 Everyone wants to be successful in their study. But how to do that? 1 Make your study a priority (优先). Successful students always make study their priorities. 2 This doesn’t mean you can never do things you like, but you should always put study at the top of your to-do list. Work honestly. This means you should work on your own and avoid copying or cheating. 3 It may seem like a shortcut at first, but will finally get you into trouble in your study. Stay focused. Successful students stay concentrated (专注的) on the task. 4 If you need to study for a long time, for example, one hour or so, you can take a break to refresh your mind. But the break does not have to be long, 5 to 10 minutes is enough. Take an active part in class. If you want to be successful, you should ask questions when you have them as well as answer your teacher’s questions. Be an active member of group activities. Taking notes is also important. 5 There are many other things you can do to be successful. As long as you set your goal and hold on to it, you will succeed! A．Once you start working, give up your phone, your TV, storybooks, etc. B．That is, they always put their study before other activities. C．It can help you have a better understanding of what you’re learning as well. D．Cheating won’t get you anywhere. E．Here are a few things you can do to make yourself successful. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了如何在学习中取得成功。 1．根据“But how to do that?”及“Make your study a priority (优先).”可知，上文提出如何做，下文给出建议，选项E“以下是一些你可以做的事情来让自己成功。”符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“Successful students always make study their priorities.”可知，此处提到成功的学生总是把学习放在首位，选项B“也就是说，他们总是把学习放在其它活动之前。”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“This means you should work on your own and avoid copying or cheating.”可知，此处提到避免作弊，选项D“作弊不会让你有任何进展。”符合语境。故选D。 4．根据“Successful students stay concentrated (专注的) on the task.”可知，此处提到要专注，选项A“一旦你开始工作，就放弃你的手机、电视、故事书等。”符合语境。故选A。 5．根据“Taking notes is also important.”可知，此处提到了记笔记很重要，下文应解释原因，选项C“它也可以帮助你更好地了解你正在学习的内容。”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 8 How to Improve Your Reading Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task. 1 Reading well in English is useful for many reasons, not only for taking tests. If you want to improve your reading in English, the following are just for you! Choose the right reading materials (材料). There are textbooks and graded readers, but there are also a lot more books you can read. 1 (Here is a good rule to follow: choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容). Be intentional (意图明确的). When reading, you need to be intentional by setting a reading aim. Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day.   1 To make sure your daily practice gets done, spare some time and put it in your study plan! 2     Reading can both introduce you to new vocabularies (词汇) and teach you how to use them. Many words in English are often used together in a consistent (相互连贯的) way. Reading groups of words will help you better understand how to use your new vocabulary. Don’t try to understand everything. You need to accept the fact that you might not understand every single word, and that’s OK! Your brain can’t learn so many new things at one time. It’s more important to get the big picture of what you are reading. A．Read word groups. B．Don’t choose a book that is too easy or too difficult. C．You could also be intentional with planning a time to read. D．But it’s something you’ll have to do on your language learning journey. E．And you can go back to check the new things you don’t understand later. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 【导语】本文主要讲述了如何提高英语阅读能力，包括选择合适的阅读材料、阅读时要有意图、阅读词组、不要试图理解所有内容等方面。 1．根据“Learning how to read well in English might not be an easy task.”可知，学习如何很好地阅读英语可能不是一件容易的事，但这是必须经历的，选项D“但这是你在语言学习旅程中必须要做的”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“choose reading materials where you understand at least 80% of the content (内容).”可知，要选择难度适中的阅读材料，选项B“不要选择太简单或太难的书”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“Decide on a certain number of pages you want to read each day.”可知，这里讲的是制定阅读计划，选项C“你也可以有意识地规划阅读时间”符合语境。故选C。 4．根据“Reading can both introduce you to new vocabularies and teach you how to use them.”可知，本段重点讲通过阅读学习词汇的方法，选项A“阅读词组”符合语境。故选A。 Passage 9 Learning a Foreign Language There are many aspects to language learning such as how words are said, which words are chosen and what forms of words are used. All of these aspects together can make learning a foreign language difficult. But some advice might make learning a new language easier and more fun. ✦Don’t worry too much about pronouncing words the wrong way. Pronunciation is important, of course. 1 But the most important step in learning a new language is to practice speaking it. As for learning any new skills, practice makes perfect. And most of the time, the native speaker is glad to help improve the pronunciation of the words. ✦Don’t be afraid to guess the meaning of what someone says. 2 It is impossible to know all of them. You may use context (上下文) and body language to guess what others say. For example, when a person says “Hola” and waves his hand, one might guess that the person is giving a greeting. Whether it means “Hello” or “Good morning”,  it is not very important at that moment to know the exact meaning. ✦ 3 Learning a new language or skill always takes time. Many will give up learning because it is too hard or boring. Some may think that other people will laugh at them for making mistakes. But it’s OK to make mistakes. Nobody is perfect, after all, don’t lose hope and keep trying. In the end, learning a new language can be difficult but remember that it can give great advantages. 4 It can also include making new friends, experiencing new cultures and tasting new foods! A．Don’t give up. B．Don’t waste time. C．There are tens of thousands of words in English. D．It helps listeners to understand what someone says more clearly. E．It doesn’t just mean the ability to speak in that different language. 【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．E 【导语】本文主要介绍了学习外语的一些建议。 1．根据“Pronunciation is important, of course”可知，介绍发音的重要性。选项D“它有助于听者更清楚地理解某人所说的话。”符合语境。故选D。 2．根据“Don’t be afraid to guess the meaning of what someone says.”及“It is impossible to know all of them.”可知，要根据上文去猜测别人说的话，可推测是因为单词很多。选项C“英语中有成千上万的单词。”符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Many will give up learning because it is too hard or boring.”可知，本段主要讲了学习新语言不能轻易放弃。选项A“不要放弃。”符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“but remember that it can give great advantages.”可知，此处是在讲述学习新语言的好处。选项E“它不仅仅意味着用不同的语言说话的能力。”符合语境。故选E。 Passage 10 In modern society, people use money every day. 1 That’s because without money you can’t buy any goods you want. But I think few people know the history of money. Long ago, people did not use money. They lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants. As time passed, people learned to raise animals and grow crops. Sometimes, families produced more than they needed, so they started to trade with other families. 2 However, it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones and so on. About 3,000 years ago, people began using coins as money. 3 Later, countries began to make their own coins. The Chinese were the first to use paper money, probably as early as the 11th century. The Italian traveler Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money when he visited China in the 1200s. However, European countries did not start using paper money until the 1600s. 1 We do not use coins or paper money. Often, people prefer to pay for things by card. Paying with a card is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of “real” money. What’s more, in China, people use WeChat or Alipay instead of real money or cards. And in some big cities, such as Shanghai, people have even begun to use “face scan payment (扫脸支付)”. A．They liked to use paper money. B．It seems that it is very important in our life. C．Today, we have many ways to pay for things. D．Later, people began to use money as a means of exchange. E．They soon found that coins were easier to carry than goods and lasted a long time. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．E 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了货币的历史及其在现代社会中的演变。 1．根据“In modern society, people use money every day…That’s because without money you can’t buy any goods you want.”可知，金钱在生活中非常重要，选项B“它似乎在我们的生活中非常重要。”符合语境。故选B。 2．根据“Sometimes, families produced more than they needed, so they started to trade with other families…However, it was not the kind of money we use today. They used shells, rice, salt, large stones and so on.”可知，人们开始与其他家庭进行交易，所以后面会出现货币，选项D“后来，人们开始用货币作为交换手段。”符合语境。故选D。 3．根据“About 3,000 years ago, people began using coins as money…Later, countries began to make their own coins.”可知，此处说的是用硬币作为钱的好处，选项E“他们很快发现，硬币比货物更容易携带，而且可以持续很长时间。”符合语境。故选E。 4．根据“We do not use coins or paper money. Often, people prefer to pay for things by card…What’s more, in China, people use WeChat or Alipay instead of real money or cards.”可知，现代支付方式多样化，选项C“今天，我们有很多支付方式。”符合语境。故选C。 Passage 11 How Can You Become a Successful Learner? Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 1 Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common. Creating an interest in what they learn. Studies show that if you are interested in something, your brain is more active and it is also easier for you to pay attention to it for a long time. 2 For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English. This way, they will not get bored. 3 Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more. Remember, “Use it or lose it”! Even if you learn something well, you will forget it unless you use it. “Practice makes perfect.” Good learners are also not afraid of making mistakes. Alexander Graham Bell did not invent the telephone overnight. He succeeded by trying many times and learning from his mistakes. Developing their study skills. It is not enough to just study hard. Good learners find out the best ways to learn well. For example, they may take notes by writing down keywords or by drawing mind maps. They also look for ways to review what they have learned. They may do this by reading their notes every day or by explaining the information to another student. 4 Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well. A．Learning and forgetting. B．Practicing and learning from mistakes. C．But whether or not you can do this well depends on your learning habits. D．Learning is a life-long journey because every day brings something new. E．Good learners often connect what they need to learn with something they are interested in. 【答案】1．C 2．E 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文介绍了成功的学习者共有的三个好习惯：培养学习兴趣、从错误中练习、发展学习技能，并强调了学习是一个终身的过程。 1．根据“Everyone is born with the ability to learn....Research shows that successful learners have some good habits in common.”可知，学习能力虽与生俱来，但能否学好取决于习惯，C选项“但你能否学好取决于你的学习习惯。”承上启下，符合逻辑。故选C。 2．根据“Creating an interest in what they learn....For example, if they need to learn English and they like music or sports, they can listen to English songs or watch sports programs in English.”可知，优秀学习者会将学习内容与兴趣联系起来，E选项“好的学习者常常把他们需要学习的东西与他们感兴趣的东西联系起来。”概括了本段主旨，符合段落内容。故选E。 3．根据“Good learners think about what they are good at and what they need to practice more....‘Practice makes perfect.’ Good learners are also not afraid of making mistakes.”可知，本段讲练习和从错误中学习，B选项“练习并从错误中学习。”作为小标题，概括了本段核心，符合段落结构。故选B。 4．根据“Everything that you learn becomes a part of you and changes you, so learn wisely and learn well.”可知，学习是一个终身过程，D选项“学习是一生的旅程，因为每天都有新事物。”强调了学习的持续性和终身性，符合结尾。故选D。 Passage 12 You may have known about many traditional Chinese festivals such as Spring Festival or Lantern Festival, but have you ever heard of Dragon Heads-raising Day? It came from an old story. It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar (阴历的) month, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head. 1 This year, it falls on Mar 11. Old people believed that after Dragon Heads-raising Day, there would be more rain. 2 So Dragon Heads-raising Day was the start of spring and farming. 3 The most popular one is to have a haircut. Many believe that a haircut during the first lunar month may bring bad luck to your uncles-mainly your mother’s brothers. They hope getting a haircut on Dragon Heads-raising Day gets rid of bad luck. Among Chinese people’s festival traditions, there is always a place for food. During the Dragon Heads-raising Day, people eat food named after-dragons. 4 Dumplings are dragon’s ears. And spring rolls are dragon’s scales (鳞片). People also hold activities like dragon dancing on the day. In some places in Shandong province, people make dragon lanterns, too, which stand for people’s best wishes and good luck. A．And rain is very important to farming. B．People have many ways to celebrate the festival. C．Although it’s not true, many people still do it. D．Noodles are called dragon’s beard (胡须). E．Because of this, the day is called “Dragon Heads-raising Day”. 【答案】1．E 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国传统节日龙抬头的时间、由来、象征意义以及人们庆祝这个节日的方式。 1．根据“It is said that every year on the second day of the second lunar (阴历的) month, the dragon wakes up from its winter sleep and raises its head.”可知，每年的阴历二月初二，龙从冬眠中醒来并抬起头，紧接着应是“Because of this, the day is called “Dragon Heads-raising Day”.因为这个，这天被叫做龙抬头，故选E。 2．根据“Old people believed that after Dragon Heads-raising Day, there would be more rain.”和“So Dragon Heads-raising Day was the start of spring and farming.”可知，老人相信在龙抬头后，雨水会增多，所以龙抬头是春天和农耕的开始，“And rain is very important to farming.”雨水是非常重要的对于农耕，符合逻辑和文意，故选A。 3．根据“The most popular one is to have a haircut. ”以及“They hope getting a haircut on Dragon Heads-raising Day gets rid of bad luck.”可知，其中最重要的一个是理发，人们通过在龙抬头这天理发来摆脱厄运，前面应该在讲庆祝这个节日的方式有很多种，“People have many ways to celebrate the festival.”人们有很多方式庆祝这个节日，后面紧跟以理发来庆祝以及原因，符合文意，故选B。 4．根据“During the Dragon Heads-raising Day, people eat food named after-dragons.”以及“Dumplings are dragon’s ears. And spring rolls are dragon’s scales (鳞片).”可知，在龙抬头这天，人们吃和龙相关的食物，以及后文的饺子像龙的耳朵，春卷是龙的鳞片，“Noodles are called dragon’s beard (胡须).”面条像龙的胡须，符合文意，故选D。 Passage 13 The relationship between parent and child can be one of the longest-lasting connections in a person’s life. Over the course of that relationship, it’s normal to feel a lot of emotions (情绪), from anger to support and connection. As teenagers, how can you feel and express love for your parents, even when things aren’t always easy? 1 Spend time together. Shared activities help build a sense of connection. For example, if you really like rock climbing, invite your parents to an easy climbing wall with you. 2 And after climbing with you, your parents may be more supportive of your hobby. Talk to your parents about the things they do that bother (烦扰) you. If your parents don’t know what’s bothering you, they can’t try to change themselves. Choose a quiet and relaxing moment to have this conversation, and notice that you might have to revisit (再次讨论) these topics many times. 3 Talk to your parents about the challenges you’re facing. Your parents are likely to have useful experience and advice about topics like study, relationship, and growing up. Open dialogue about these topics will make your relationship better. 4 Ask yourself: What might scare or worry me, if I were the parent of a teenager? Getting inside your parents’ mind will help you understand your parents more. With work, any relationship can be improved. Try to love your parents when you’re a teenager, and you will find they are the very people who love and care for you most in the world. A．Your relationship won’t change overnight. B．Practice putting yourself in your parents’ shoes. C．This gives you the chance to teach them something. D．You may join your parents and learn more about their hobbies. E．Here are some ways to help you have a loving connection with your parents. 【答案】1．E 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要围绕青少年如何与父母建立充满爱的亲子关系展开，针对“如何向父母表达爱、维护良好亲子关系”的问题，给出了四个具体建议：花时间陪伴父母、坦诚沟通烦心事、和父母分享自身困境、学会换位思考，点明用心经营的亲子关系会成为人生中珍贵的联结。 1．根据“As teenagers, how can you feel and express love for your parents, even when things aren’t always easy? ”可知，前文提出问题：作为青少年，即使相处不总是顺利，如何向父母表达爱？选项E“这里有一些方法可以帮助你和父母建立充满爱的联结。”起到承上启下的作用，引出下文的建议，符合语境。故选E。 2．根据“For example, if you really like rock climbing, invite your parents to an easy climbing wall with you...And after climbing with you, your parents may be more supportive of your hobby.”可知，前文提到邀请父母一起攀岩的例子，攀岩后父母可能更支持你的爱好，选项C“这会给你一个教他们一些东西的机会。”衔接上下文，说明这个行为能让你有机会教父母攀岩相关的内容，符合语境。故选C。 3．根据“Choose a quiet and relaxing moment to have this conversation, and notice that you might have to revisit these topics many times.”可知，前文提到要选择合适时机和父母沟通烦心事，并且可能需要多次讨论，选项A“你们的关系不会一夜之间就改变。”对应需要多次沟通的前提，符合语境。故选A。 4．根据“Ask yourself: What might scare or worry me, if I were the parent of a teenager? Getting inside your parents’ mind will help you understand your parents more.”可知，换位思考：如果你是父母会担心什么，选项B“练习站在父母的角度换位思考。”概括了本段的核心内容，符合语境。故选B。 1 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $