易错13 非谓语动词1（动词不定式） （ 4大易错点+ 3大避坑点）（易错专练）（北京专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

易错13 非谓语动词1（动词不定式） （ 4大易错点+ 3大避坑点） 目录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错01 动词不定式的形式、时态和语态 1 易错02 不定式的用法与意义 4 易错03 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 8 易错04动词不定式省略用法 10 第二部分 易错点闯关 12 易错01 动词不定式的形式、时态和语态 易错典题 【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空 （2024高三·北京·专题练习）Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run. 【答案】to harm 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 动词不定式没有人称、数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化： （1）一般式：主动语态→to do；被动语态→to be done （2）完成式：主动语态→to have done；被动语态→to have been done （3）进行式：主动语态→to be doing；被动语态→（无） （4）完成进行式：主动语态→to have been doing；被动语态→（无） 【干货必记】 用法：1.不定式的基本形式为“to+动词原形”；否定式为“not/never+to+动词原形”。 The doctor advised me to take medicine.医生建议我吃药。 He told me not to do so.他叫我别那么做。 2.动词不定式没有人称、数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化： （1）一般式：主动语态→to do；被动语态→to be done （2）完成式：主动语态→to have done；被动语态→to have been done （3）进行式：主动语态→to be doing；被动语态→（无） （4）完成进行式：主动语态→to have been doing；被动语态→（无） 举一反三 1．（24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末）The little child made great efforts (reach) for the ripe pear hanging on the branch. 【答案】to reach 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小孩努力去够挂在树枝上的熟梨。分析句子可知，设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，“make efforts to do sth.”为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。故填to reach。 2．（24-25高二下·北京·期中）The plan is designed to employees to work more efficiently. (motivated) 【答案】motivate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该计划旨在激励员工更高效地工作。be designed to do为固定搭配，意为“目的是”，空处需填动词原形，和to构成动词不定式。故填motivate。 3．（24-25高一下·北京·期末）You do not need to read in the same way you would if you needed to (memory) something. 【答案】memorize 【详解】考查动词。句意：你不需要像需要记忆某事那样去阅读。此空位于不定式符号to之后，所以使用动词原形，所给词memory为名词，需要转换为动词形式memorize，意为“记忆”。故填memorize。 4．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期末）He would like to start early (avoid) the rush hour traffic. 【答案】to avoid 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他想早点出发以避开高峰时间的交通。空处作目的状语，需用动词不定式。故填to avoid。 5．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）He was too lazy (earn) enough money for his family. 【答案】to earn 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他太懒了，挣不到足够的钱养家。此处是“too+形容词+动词不定式”结构，表示“太……而不能做……”，故填to earn。 6．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）An ancient city is said (discover) at the bottom of the lake. 【答案】to have been discovered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说在湖底发现了一座古城。本句谓语为is said，此处为非谓语动词，作补足语，用动词不定式，且An ancient city与discover“发现”为被动关系，结合语境可知“发现古城”这一动作发生在谓语动作“据说”之前，应用不定式的完成被动式。故填to have been discovered。 7．（25-26高二上·江苏·月考）The library is believed (expand) to house more books in 1735. 【答案】to have been expanded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们认为这座图书馆在1735年进行了扩建，以容纳更多的书籍。此处为“be believed + to do”结构，表示“被认为……”，且“expand”与“the library”之间为被动关系，结合时间状语“in 1735”可知，此处应用不定式的完成被动式“to have been expanded”。故填to have been expanded。 8．（25-26高二上·江苏·期中）The graduate was thought (equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills before starting a professional journey. 【答案】to have equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：毕业生被认为在开始职业生涯之前已经具备了必要的知识和技能。be thought to do sth.被认为做某事。根据语境，句中equip这个动作发生在was thought之前，所以用不定式的完成式。故填to have equipped。 9．（25-26高一上·上海闵行·月考）While he was stealing into the office, his boss happened (read) his report. 【答案】to be reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当他偷偷溜进办公室时，他的老板碰巧正在看他的报告。happen to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“碰巧做某事”，结合语境While he was stealing into the office可知，此处表示老板碰巧正在进行的动作，应用不定式的进行式to be reading，在句中作宾语。故填to be reading。 10．（25-26高一上·广东东莞·月考）Tom pretended (work) hard when the teacher entered the classroom. 【答案】to be working 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师走进教室时，汤姆假装正在努力学习。此处为不定式作宾语，“pretend to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“假装做某事”，结合语境“老师走进教室时”可知，此处强调动作正在进行，应用不定式的进行式“to be doing”。故填to be working。 11．（2025高三·云南·专题练习）The boy pretended (read) when his mother came in. 【答案】to be reading 【详解】考查不定式的进行时。句意：当妈妈进来时男孩假装正在读书。此处意为“假装正在做某事”，表达为pretend to be doing sth. ，故应用不定式的进行式 to be reading，故填to be reading。 12．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）She pretended (read) a book when the teacher entered the classroom. 【答案】to be reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师走进教室时，她假装正在看书。结合“when the teacher entered the classroom”可知，此处应用pretend to be doing表示“假装正在做某事”。故填to be reading。 13．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）When the teacher came in, the naughty boy pretended (read) with the book upside down. 【答案】to be reading 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师进来时，那个淘气的男孩假装正在读书，书都拿倒了。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，“假装做某事”为“pretend to do sth.”，再结合语境“正在读书”，应用动词不定式的进行式to be reading，符合语境。故填to be reading。 14．（2026高三·江苏·专题练习）She is said (work) as a volunteer in the community since last month. 【答案】to have been working 【详解】考查不定式的完成进行式。句意：据说自上个月以来她一直在社区做志愿者。be said to do表示“据说……”，当动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在，并且还可能继续下去时，要用 “be said to have been doing” 结构。故填to have been working。 15．（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）The novel is said (translate) into more than 20 languages so far. 【答案】​to have been translated 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：据说这部小说目前已经被翻译成了20多种语言。固定句型be said to do sth.，意为“据说做某事”，不定式作主语补足语；“翻译”发生在“据说”之前，且the novel与translate为被动关系，应用不定式的完成时的被动语态。故填to have been translated。 16．（25-26高一上·江苏无锡·月考）The sports meeting is likely (cancel) on account of the heavy rain. 【答案】to be cancelled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于下大雨，运动会很可能被取消。be likely to do sth.可能做某事。而the sports meeting与cancel之间是被动关系，所以要用不定式的被动形式。故填to be cancelled。 易错02 不定式的用法与意义 易错典题 【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空 （2023高三·全国·专题练习）(2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to break 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：它们用几百年的时间才分解。固定句型It takes sb./sth. +一段时间+ to do sth.(花某人/物多长时间干某事)，此处用动词不定式(to do )作真正主语，It形式主语。故填to break。 避错攻略 【方法总结】 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到句末。不定式前有时还会带一个of或for引导的逻辑主语。“for sb.”前的形容词常表客观属性，“of sb.”前的形容词常表主观感情或态度。 【干货必记】 用法：1.不定式作名词的用法：不定式可以像名词一样，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 不定式作主语和表语 They agreed to give it to me the next day. 不定式作宾语 他们同意第二天将它给我。 I don’t wish the subject to be raised again. 不定式作宾语补足语 我不希望再提起这个话题。 2.不定式作副词的用法：不定式可作副词用，修饰动词或形容词，在句中作状语，表目的、原因、结果等。 He came to give us a talk yesterday. 不定式表目的 他昨天来（为了）给我们作报告。 I am sorry to hear the sad news. 不定式表原因 听到这个坏消息，我很难过。 I was too tired to move.我累得不能动了。 不定式表结果 3.不定式作形容词的用法：不定式作形容词用时，修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，二者在逻辑上既可是主谓关系，也可是动宾关系。当不定式与被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且不定式为不及物动词时，不定式后要加上相应的介词。 I have no friends to help me. 不定式to help和名词friends是主谓关系 我没有朋友来帮助我。 I have too many things to do. 不定式to do和名词things是动宾关系 我有太多事情要做。 提示：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到句末。不定式前有时还会带一个of或for引导的逻辑主语。“for sb.”前的形容词常表客观属性，“of sb.”前的形容词常表主观感情或态度。 It is difficult for the students to read the book.学生们读这本书有点儿难。 It is careless of him to break the cup.他太粗心了，把杯子打碎了。 在hope，demand，agree，refuse等后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语补足语，即不能说hope/demand/agree/refuse sb.to do。 不定式作宾语补足语，如果与宾语在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式用主动式；如果与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，不定式用被动式。 注意：不定式与疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等连用构成不定式短语，在句中可担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem.做什么是个大问题。 I didn’t find out when to leave.我不清楚何时出发。 She will tell us where to go and when to start.她将会告诉我们去哪里和什么时候出发。 The question is how to get there.问题是如何到那儿去。 举一反三 1．（25-26高二上·北京·月考）She offered (help) me with my homework. 【答案】to help 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她主动提出帮我做家庭作业。offer to do sth.“主动提出做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾语。故填to help。 2．（23-24高一上·北京·期中）Your full efforts will make it possible ( get ) success for you. 【答案】to get 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你的全力将使你获得成功成为可能。句中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为不定式。根据句意，故填to get。 3.（25-26高一上·北京·月考）Her wish is (perform) at the Mid-Autumn Festival Gala. 【答案】to perform 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她的愿望是在中秋晚会上表演。分析句子结构可知，本句为主系表结构，主语wish后接不定式作表语，表示未发生的具体动作。故填to perform。 4．（23-24高二·全国·课后作业）The purpose of education is (develop) a fine personality in children. 【答案】to develop 【详解】考查不定式。句意：教育的目的是为了培养孩子好的品质。此处作表语，根据主语The purpose可知，此处应用不定式to do作表语，故填to develop。 5．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）In my daily life, I always want things (do) quickly. 【答案】to be done /done 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的日常生活中，我总是希望事情能快点完成。根据句意可知，“我”是想要让事情被完成，want sth. to be done/done意为“想要某物被……”，因此空格处是to be done或者done，作宾语补足语。故填to be done/done。 6．（22-23高一上·北京·期中）I have a lot of homework (do), so I'm afraid I can't go to the cinema with you. 【答案】to do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我有很多家庭作业要做，所以我恐怕不能和你一起去看电影了。设空处在句中作非谓语，分析句式可知为“have+宾语+宾补”的结构，根据“ so I'm afraid I can't go to the cinema with you. ”（所以我恐怕不能和你一起去看电影了），可知设空处应用to do的形式表示将要发生的动作，此时主动表示被动。故填to do。 7．（23-24高一上·北京·期末）No one visiting in the gallery is allowed (touch) the exhibits. 【答案】to touch 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：参观画廊的人不得触摸展品。be allowed to do sth为固定短语，意为“被允许做某事”，故填to touch。 8．（25-26高一上·北京·月考）Nowadays, AI robots have the ability (talk) with humans. 【答案】to talk 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如今，人工智能机器人已经具备了与人类对话的能力。名词ability“能力”后常用不定式作后置定语，ability to talk“对话的能力”。故填to talk。 9．（25-26高一上·北京·月考）He is always the first person (leave). 【答案】to leave 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他总是第一个离开的人。“the first/second/...+名词+to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“第一个/第二个/……做某事的……”，用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to leave。 10．（25-26高一上·北京·月考）Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful ways (share) culture and values. 【答案】to share 【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：讲故事是分享文化与价值观最古老、最有力的方式之一。已有谓语动词is，share为非谓语动词，根据空前ways可知，此处是固定搭配“the way to do sth.”，意为“做某事的方式”。动词不定式to share作后置定语，修饰名词ways。故填to share。 11．（2025高三上·北京·专题练习）Much money is often spent on each and every room (maintain) the right atmosphere according to the person’s lifestyle. 【答案】to maintain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：根据个人的生活方式，为了保持合适的氛围，每个房间通常都要花很多钱。句中已有谓语is spent，空处作非谓语动词，根据语境可知，“花钱”的目的是“营造氛围”，所以此处应用动词maintain的不定式形式作目的状语。故填to maintain。 12．（24-25高一上·北京·期中） (catch) the first bus, we got up very early. 【答案】To catch 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了赶上第一班公共汽车，我们起得很早。句中got为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处表示目的，作状语故使用不定式结构。同时该空置于句首，开头单词首字母大写。故填To catch。 13．（24-25高一下·北京西城·期末） (understand) the poem further, students can look up some information about the poet. 【答案】To understand 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：为了进一步理解这首诗，学生可以查阅一些关于诗人的信息。句中已有谓语can look up，空处应使用其非谓语形式，引导一个表示目的的状语结构，强调动作的意图，因此，需使用其不定式形式to understand，位于句首时首字母大写。故填To understand。 14．（2025高三下·北京·专题练习）One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only (discover) a stranger in her house. 【答案】to discover 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词“arrived”，其与所给动词“discover(发现)”间无连词，因此空处应用非谓语。且此处为固定结构“only to do sth.”，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to discover。 15．（25-26高一上·北京西城·期中）He rushed to the station to catch the early train, only (tell) that it had already left. 【答案】to be told 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他冲到车站去赶早班火车，结果却被告知火车已经开走了。“only +动词不定式”的结构，常用来表示出乎意料的结果；本句中主语he和tell之间是被动关系，所以要用动词不定式的被动形式to be told。故填to be told。 易错03 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 易错典题 【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空 She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path. 【答案】to rest 【详解】考查非谓语动词。stop to rest表示“停止（爬山）去休息”，符合语境逻辑。故答案是to rest。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 举一反三 1.In some parts of London, missing a bus means ___________(wait) for another hour. 【答案】waiting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。mean doing表示“意味着”。句意：在英国一些地方，错过公交意味着再等一小时。故答案是waiting。 2.I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 【答案】to lock 【详解】考查非谓语动词。这里应用forget to do表示“忘记做某事”，强调未做。故答案是to lock。 3.If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案】getting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。这里应用mean doing表示“意味着”。故答案是getting。 4.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need. 【答案】being persuaded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当购物的时候，人们有时情不自禁的被劝服买他们不真正想要的东西。can’t help doing情不自禁做某事，这里是被劝服，故用being persuaded。故答案是being persuaded。 易错04动词不定式省略用法 易错典题 【例4】改错题 The little girl could do nothing but to stay at home. 去掉do 解析：考查非谓语动词。句意：这个小女孩除了呆在家里别无他法。动词短语do nothing but do sth.表示“除了做某事什么也不做”，因前面有do，but后的不定式省略to。故填stay。 避错攻略 【干货必记】 1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略不定式符号to。 They watched the sun rise over the mountains. 他们看着太阳从山上升起。 The teacher made him apologize to his classmate. 老师让他向同学道歉。 2. 在英语中，不定式符号 to 在某些特定句型中通常被省略，直接使用动词原形。 may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… You had better go now, or you’ll miss the bus. 你最好现在走，不然会错过公交车。 I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家也不出去。 Would you please turn down the music? 请把音乐关小一点好吗？ They prefer to cook by themselves rather than eat out. 他们宁愿自己做饭，也不愿出去吃。 3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 This is the place I want to live in, but I can’t afford to. 这是我想住的地方，但我住不起。 He is not the man he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个他了。 举一反三 单句改错。 1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 【答案】去掉to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。let sb do sth让某人做事，故答案是去掉to。 2. Rather than riding on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 【答案】riding改为to ride 【详解】考查非谓语动词。prefer to do sth rather than do sth表示“宁愿做……不愿做……”，故答案是ride; to ride。 3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 【答案】去掉to 【详解】考查非谓语动词。do nothing but do是固定句型，表示“不得不做某事”，故答案是去掉to。 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do. 【答案】去掉do 【详解】考查非谓语动词。在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。故答案是去掉do。 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）He is brave enough (acknowledge) his mistake in front of the whole class. 【答案】to acknowledge 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他足够勇敢，敢于在全班同学面前承认自己的错误。所给词acknowledge为动词，意为“承认”；此处为固定句型“主语+ be +形容词+ enough + to do sth.”，表示“某人足够……以至于能够做某事”，其中不定式to acknowledge作结果状语。故填to acknowledge。 2．（2025·江苏南京·一模） (ease) this area’s water shortage, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was remarkable engineering achievement. 【答案】To ease 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺，当地政府决定修建一条横跨山脉的运河，其建设是一项了不起的工程成就。设空处应填动词不定式作目的状语，表示“为了缓解该地区的水资源短缺”，设空处位于句首，首字母要大写。故填To ease。 3．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 【答案】to have taken 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：2007年发现，废墟的墙壁和周围的水保护系统结合在一起，展示了一个庞大的基础设施基础，估计其建造需要4000人花费十年的时间才能完成。be estimated to do为固定短语，意为“估计做某事”，take发生在estimate之前，使用动词不定式的完成式。故填to have taken。 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The government encourages local communities (participate) in cultural heritage preservation through training programs. 【答案】to participate 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：政府通过培训计划鼓励当地社区参与文化遗产保护。encourage sb. to do sth.是固定短语，意为“鼓励某人做某事”，因此空格处用participate“参与”的不定式to participate作宾语补足语。故填to participate。 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We need more effective strategies (balance) tourism development with the protection of ancient artifacts. 【答案】to balance 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们需要更有效的策略，来平衡旅游业发展与古文物保护之间的关系。句中已有谓语动词need，此处应用非谓语动词作目的状语，所以应用动词不定式形式。故填to balance。 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The museum will launch a new project (digitize) rare paintings for public access on its official website. 【答案】to digitize 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：博物馆将启动一个新项目，将稀有画作数字化，供公众在其官方网站上访问。此处作目的状语，用不定式，说明项目的目的是数字化画作。故填to digitize。 7． （2026高三·全国·专题练习）To protect ancient rock carvings, researchers developed special techniques (monitor) environmental changes in real time. 【答案】to monitor 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了保护古代岩画，研究人员开发了特殊技术来实时监测环境变化。“(monitor) environmental changes in real time”是“developed special techniques”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to monitor。 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Neuralink is currently conducting five more clinical trials of implants (植入) that allow users (control) electronic devices, including computers, using brain signals. 【答案】to control 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Neuralink目前正在进行另外五项植入物的临床试验，这些植入物允许用户使用大脑信号来控制包括电脑在内的电子设备。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”，用动词不定式to control作宾语补足语。故填to control。 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (overcome) my fear and build up my confidence, I landed myself on the area of unknown people. 【答案】To overcome 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了克服我的恐惧并建立信心，我让自己置身于满是陌生人的区域。句中landed为谓语动词，设空处使用动词不定式to overcome作状语，该空置于句首开头单词首字母大写。故填To overcome。 10．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）We managed to (negotiate) a better price for the car. 【答案】negotiate 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们设法为这辆车谈成了更优惠的价格。此处managed to后需接动词原形，negotiate本身就是动词原形，意为“谈判、协商”。故填negotiate。 11．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The manager agreed to (extend) the deadline by one week. 【答案】extend 【详解】考查动词。句意：经理同意将截止日期延长一周。此处为短语agree to do sth.，不定式作宾语，故填extend。 12．（25-26高三下·全国·课前预习）The book goes on to his experiences in the army. (description) 【答案】describe 【详解】考查动词。句意：这本书接着描述了他在军队中的经历。go on to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“接着做某事”，所以空格处应填动词原形，description是名词，其动词形式为describe。故填describe。 13．（25-26高三下·全国·课前预习）We need to the task ahead very clearly. (definition) 【答案】define 【详解】考查动词。句意：我们需要非常清楚地界定眼前的任务。need to do sth.表示“需要做某事”，所以此处应使用动词原形。definition为名词，其动词形式为define“界定，明确”。故填define。 14．（2024高三下·吉林·学业考试）I hope (make) some friends here. 【答案】to make 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我希望在这里能交到一些朋友。hope to do是固定短语，意为“希望能做某事”，因此用make的不定式，作宾语。故填to make。 15．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The new policy aims to     (courage) small and medium-sized enterprises to invest more in green energy projects. 【答案】encourage 【详解】考查动词。句意：这项新政策旨在鼓励中小企业在绿色能源项目上加大投资。根据“aim to do sth. (旨在做某事)”的固定搭配可知，此空应是动词原形encourage，意为“鼓励”。故填encourage。 16．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）If you want to attend the international academic conference, you need (book) your seat online at least two weeks in advance. 【答案】to book 【详解】考查不定式。句意：如果你想参加国际学术会议，你需要至少提前两周在网上预订座位。need to do意为“需要做某事”，因此空格处是不定式to book。故填to book。 17．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Jin believes that restoring cultural relics is not simply mending what is broken, but about continuing a chain of human creativity and memory. ‌“Through each careful stroke and polish,” he adds, ‌“we are enabling history (breathe) again.” 【答案】to breathe 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：金认为修复文物不仅仅是修补破损的东西，而是延续人类创造力和记忆的链条。他补充说：“通过每一次精心的笔触和打磨，我们让历史再次呼吸。” enable sb./sth. to do sth.是固定用法，意为“使某人/某物能够做某事”，用动词不定式to breathe作宾语补足语。故填to breathe。 18．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is challenging (maintain) the original appearance of ancient buildings while repairing them. 【答案】to maintain 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在修复古建筑的同时保持其原有外观是具有挑战性的。固定句型“It is + adj. + to do sth.”，其中it作形式主语，本空用maintain“保持”的不定式，作真正的主语。故填to maintain。 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The main goal of the exhibition is (promote) mutual understanding between Eastern and Western civilizations. 【答案】to promote 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览的主要目标是促进东西方文明之间的相互理解。 “(promote) mutual understanding”作表语，用非谓语形式，结合句意和主语goal(目标)可知，描述尚未发生的事情，应用不定式表目的或将来。故填to promote。 二．语法填空 A （2025·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One night, my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed. The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked 1 I was missing a cat. He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck. He stopped 2 (help), wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food. 3 no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. 【答案】1．if/whether 2．to help 3．With 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述作者的猫跑出去被一个男人救助并最终找到作者的故事。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：第二天晚上，一个男人来敲我的门，问我是不是丢了一只猫。空处引导宾语从句作asked的宾语，结合句意可知此处指“问我是不是丢了一只猫”，使用if/whether“是否”引导，故填if/whether。 2．考查非谓语动词。句意：他停下来帮忙，用一些暖和的东西把它包起来，并提供水和食物。结合“wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food”可知，此处指“他停下来去帮忙”，使用stop to do sth，故填to help。 3．考查介词。句意：由于没有项圈指引，他只好挨家挨户地找，直到找到我为止。此处是with的复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，在句中作状语，首字母应大写，故填With。 （2025·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, started as an 4 (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular. As a workout, plogging is more efficient than simply running because it 5 (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. Plus, every piece of litter we pick up during plogging contributes to a 6 (clean) and more beautiful environment. This activity is a win-win situation: we take care of Mother Nature while taking care of 7 (we). 【答案】4．organized 5．focuses 6．cleaner 7．ourselves 【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章介绍了一项新的运动“跑步捡垃圾”及其好处。 4．考查形容词。句意：跑步捡垃圾是慢跑和捡垃圾的结合，在2016年左右开始作为一项有组织的活动，然后逐渐流行起来。空处修饰名词activity，应填形容词作定语，organized“有组织的”，形容词，故填organized。 5．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：作为一种锻炼，跑步捡垃圾比单纯的跑步更有效，因为它既注重环境保护，又注重个人健康。结合句意及空前的is可知，此处是描述一个事实，使用一般现在时，主语it表示单数意义，谓语动词使用三单形式，故填focuses。 6．考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，我们捡起的每一块垃圾都有助于营造一个更清洁、更美丽的环境。空处和“more beautiful”并列，故此处用形容词比较级，故填cleaner。 7．考查反身代词。句意：这个活动是一个双赢的局面：我们在照顾自己的同时照顾大自然。空处作宾语，和主语是同一指代对象，应用反身代词，故填ourselves。 （2025·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces 8 friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers 9 (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space 10 (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. 【答案】8．where 9．unnecessary 10．will be created 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了学校储物柜的必要性及其可能的替代用途。 8．考查定语从句。句意：它们也作为宝贵的社交空间，友谊在这里形成。设空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是spaces，从句中缺少地点状语，表示“在储物柜这个社交空间中形成友谊”，应用关系副词when引导。故填where 9．考查形容词。句意：然而，更多学生使用笔记本电脑和在线内容学习，使储物柜变得不必要。根据上下文逻辑，科技手段的普及使储物柜的功能被弱化，应用necessary的反义词unnecessary“不必要的”，作宾语补足语。故填unnecessary。 10．考查动词语态。句意：如果学校拆除老旧储物柜，走廊里将创造更多空间。if引导条件状语从句，主句描述未来结果， 且space与create为被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态。故填will be created B （2025·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Huang Xuhua (1924.2-2025.2) was one of the 1 (quiet) yet most remarkable national heroes. During the early hard years, he 2 (conduct) research on China’s nuclear submarine all year round. For 30 years when he was even absent from family letters, he had made huge sacrifices. 3 (respect) widely, he was named the man who built the underwater Great Wall. His selfless dedication and outstanding contributions will always be remembered. 【答案】1．quietest 2．was conducting/conducted 3．Respected 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍了黄旭华这位国家英雄，讲述了他为中国核潜艇事业做出的贡献以及他的无私奉献精神。 1．考查形容词最高级。句意：黄旭华（1924.2 - 2025.2）是最默默无闻却又最为卓越的民族英雄之一。此处为“one of the +形容词最高级+可数名词复数”结构，表示 “最……之一”，所以此处为形容quiet的最高级形式 quietest。故填quietest。 2．考查动词时态。句意：在早期艰难的岁月里，他一整年都在进行中国核潜艇的研究。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语During the early hard years可知，此处可以理解为描述过去一段时间内持续进行的动作，用过去进行时，且主语为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为was conducting；也可以理解为描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，所以谓语动词为conduct的过去式形式conducted。故填was conducting/conducted。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：他广受尊敬，被誉为建造水下长城的人。此处为非谓语动词作状语，he和respect之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词respected作状语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Respected。 （2025·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My mother is in hospital, 4 (battle) cancer. Every day, I make it a point 5 (visit) her and bring along a bunch of flowers. This morning was no different, but she got mad at me. She asked me not to spend money on flowers, insisting that I use it to help people in need. At that moment, 6 I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world. 【答案】4．battling 5．to visit 6．what 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者母亲生病住院，在照顾母亲过程中体会到母爱的传递。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：我的母亲生病住院，正在与癌症作斗争。句中已有谓语动词is，所以此处为非谓语动词，battle意为“与……作斗争”与逻辑主语My mother之间是主动关系，所以此处使用现在分词作状语。故填battling。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：每天，我特意去看望她，并带上一束花。此处为“make it+名词+to do sth.”结构，其中it为形式宾语，不定式短语作真正宾语，所以此处使用动词不定式to visit。故填to visit。 6．考查主语从句。句意：在那一刻，我见证了母爱的美好是如何传播到世界的。此处为连接词引导的主语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以此处使用连接代词，结合句意，此处表示“……的事情”，所以此处使用连接代词what。故填what。 （2025·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Chinese solar calendar 7 (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. Grain in Ear (芒种), the ninth solar term, begins on June 5 this year. The 8 (arrive) of Grain in Ear signifies the ripening of crops. It is also a busy period for farmers. The system of 24 solar terms 9 (establish) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. The culture remains useful today to direct people’s lives through special foods, cultural 10 (ceremony) and healthy living tips. 【答案】7．divides 8．arrival 9．was established 10．ceremonies 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了中国的二十四节气，包括芒种的相关信息以及节气系统的作用等。 7．考查动词时态。句意：中国的农历将一年分为 24 个节气。此处描述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语The Chinese solar calendar是第三人称单数，所以谓语动词为divides。故填divides。 8．考查名词。句意：芒种的到来意味着农作物的成熟。空处作句子主语，arrive的名词形式arrival符合题意，表示“到来”。故填arrival。 9．考查动词时态和语态。句意：二十四节气系统是几千年前建立的，用于指导农业生产。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语thousands of years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时，The system of 24 solar terms与establish之间是被动关系，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语是单数，be动词用was。故填 was established。 10．考查名词复数。句意：这种文化在今天仍然有用，通过特殊的食物、文化仪式和健康生活小贴士来指导人们的生活。此处与上文的special foods和下文的healthy living tips为并列关系， ceremony意为“仪式”为可数名词单数，所以此处也应用复数形式 ceremonies，表示泛指意义。故填ceremonies。 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 易错13 非谓语动词1（动词不定式） （ 4大易错点+ 3大避坑点） 目录 第一部分 易错点剖析 1 易错01 动词不定式的形式、时态和语态 1 易错02 不定式的用法与意义 4 易错03 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 8 易错04动词不定式省略用法 10 第二部分 易错点闯关 12 易错01 动词不定式的形式、时态和语态 易错典题 【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空 （2024高三·北京·专题练习）Fearful that he might have an intention (harm) her, Helen started to run. 避错攻略 【方法总结】 动词不定式没有人称、数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化： （1）一般式：主动语态→to do；被动语态→to be done （2）完成式：主动语态→to have done；被动语态→to have been done （3）进行式：主动语态→to be doing；被动语态→（无） （4）完成进行式：主动语态→to have been doing；被动语态→（无） 【干货必记】 用法：1.不定式的基本形式为“to+动词原形”；否定式为“not/never+to+动词原形”。 The doctor advised me to take medicine.医生建议我吃药。 He told me not to do so.他叫我别那么做。 2.动词不定式没有人称、数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化： （1）一般式：主动语态→to do；被动语态→to be done （2）完成式：主动语态→to have done；被动语态→to have been done （3）进行式：主动语态→to be doing；被动语态→（无） （4）完成进行式：主动语态→to have been doing；被动语态→（无） 举一反三 1．（24-25高二下·北京朝阳·期末）The little child made great efforts (reach) for the ripe pear hanging on the branch. 2．（24-25高二下·北京·期中）The plan is designed to employees to work more efficiently. (motivated) 3．（24-25高一下·北京·期末）You do not need to read in the same way you would if you needed to (memory) something. 4．（24-25高一上·北京西城·期末）He would like to start early (avoid) the rush hour traffic. 5．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）He was too lazy (earn) enough money for his family. 6．（25-26高一上·上海·期中）An ancient city is said (discover) at the bottom of the lake. 7．（25-26高二上·江苏·月考）The library is believed (expand) to house more books in 1735. 8．（25-26高二上·江苏·期中）The graduate was thought (equip) himself with necessary knowledge and skills before starting a professional journey. 9．（25-26高一上·上海闵行·月考）While he was stealing into the office, his boss happened (read) his report. 10．（25-26高一上·广东东莞·月考）Tom pretended (work) hard when the teacher entered the classroom. 11．（2025高三·云南·专题练习）The boy pretended (read) when his mother came in. 12．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）She pretended (read) a book when the teacher entered the classroom. 13．（25-26高一上·全国·课后作业）When the teacher came in, the naughty boy pretended (read) with the book upside down. 14．（2026高三·江苏·专题练习）She is said (work) as a volunteer in the community since last month. 15．（25-26高二·全国·假期作业）The novel is said (translate) into more than 20 languages so far. 16．（25-26高一上·江苏无锡·月考）The sports meeting is likely (cancel) on account of the heavy rain. 易错02 不定式的用法与意义 易错典题 【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空 （2023高三·全国·专题练习）(2020年北京卷)It takes them hundreds of years (break) down. (所给词的适当形式填空) 避错攻略 【方法总结】 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到句末。不定式前有时还会带一个of或for引导的逻辑主语。“for sb.”前的形容词常表客观属性，“of sb.”前的形容词常表主观感情或态度。 【干货必记】 用法：1.不定式作名词的用法：不定式可以像名词一样，在句中作主语、表语、宾语和宾语补足语。 To see is to believe.眼见为实。 不定式作主语和表语 They agreed to give it to me the next day. 不定式作宾语 他们同意第二天将它给我。 I don’t wish the subject to be raised again. 不定式作宾语补足语 我不希望再提起这个话题。 2.不定式作副词的用法：不定式可作副词用，修饰动词或形容词，在句中作状语，表目的、原因、结果等。 He came to give us a talk yesterday. 不定式表目的 他昨天来（为了）给我们作报告。 I am sorry to hear the sad news. 不定式表原因 听到这个坏消息，我很难过。 I was too tired to move.我累得不能动了。 不定式表结果 3.不定式作形容词的用法：不定式作形容词用时，修饰名词或代词，在句中担任定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后，二者在逻辑上既可是主谓关系，也可是动宾关系。当不定式与被修饰的名词或代词在逻辑上是动宾关系，且不定式为不及物动词时，不定式后要加上相应的介词。 I have no friends to help me. 不定式to help和名词friends是主谓关系 我没有朋友来帮助我。 I have too many things to do. 不定式to do和名词things是动宾关系 我有太多事情要做。 提示：动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语（不定式短语）移到句末。不定式前有时还会带一个of或for引导的逻辑主语。“for sb.”前的形容词常表客观属性，“of sb.”前的形容词常表主观感情或态度。 It is difficult for the students to read the book.学生们读这本书有点儿难。 It is careless of him to break the cup.他太粗心了，把杯子打碎了。 在hope，demand，agree，refuse等后可接不定式作宾语，但不能接不定式作宾语补足语，即不能说hope/demand/agree/refuse sb.to do。 不定式作宾语补足语，如果与宾语在逻辑上是主谓关系，不定式用主动式；如果与宾语在逻辑上是动宾关系，不定式用被动式。 注意：不定式与疑问词who，what，which，when，where，how等连用构成不定式短语，在句中可担任主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem.做什么是个大问题。 I didn’t find out when to leave.我不清楚何时出发。 She will tell us where to go and when to start.她将会告诉我们去哪里和什么时候出发。 The question is how to get there.问题是如何到那儿去。 举一反三 1．（25-26高二上·北京·月考）She offered (help) me with my homework. 2．（23-24高一上·北京·期中）Your full efforts will make it possible ( get ) success for you. 3.（25-26高一上·北京·月考）Her wish is (perform) at the Mid-Autumn Festival Gala. 4．（23-24高二·全国·课后作业）The purpose of education is (develop) a fine personality in children. 5．（24-25高一上·北京·期中）In my daily life, I always want things (do) quickly. 6．（22-23高一上·北京·期中）I have a lot of homework (do), so I'm afraid I can't go to the cinema with you. 7．（23-24高一上·北京·期末）No one visiting in the gallery is allowed (touch) the exhibits. 8．（25-26高一上·北京·月考）Nowadays, AI robots have the ability (talk) with humans. 9．（25-26高一上·北京·月考）He is always the first person (leave). 10．（25-26高一上·北京·月考）Storytelling is one of the oldest and most powerful ways (share) culture and values. 11．（2025高三上·北京·专题练习）Much money is often spent on each and every room (maintain) the right atmosphere according to the person’s lifestyle. 12．（24-25高一上·北京·期中） (catch) the first bus, we got up very early. 13．（24-25高一下·北京西城·期末） (understand) the poem further, students can look up some information about the poet. 14．（2025高三下·北京·专题练习）One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only (discover) a stranger in her house. 15．（25-26高一上·北京西城·期中）He rushed to the station to catch the early train, only (tell) that it had already left. 易错03 接to do/doing意义不同的动词 易错典题 【例1】用所给词的适当形式填空 She reached the top of the hill and stopped __________ (rest) on a big rock by the side of the path. 避错攻略 【干货必记】 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 举一反三 1.In some parts of London, missing a bus means ___________(wait) for another hour. 2.I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3.If you think that treating a woman well means always ________(get) her permission for things, think again. 4.While shopping, people sometimes can’t help _____________ (persuade) into buying something they don’t really need. 易错04动词不定式省略用法 易错典题 【例4】改错题 The little girl could do nothing but to stay at home. 避错攻略 【干货必记】 1. 感官动词和使役动词接不定式作宾补时省略不定式符号to。 They watched the sun rise over the mountains. 他们看着太阳从山上升起。 The teacher made him apologize to his classmate. 老师让他向同学道歉。 2. 在英语中，不定式符号 to 在某些特定句型中通常被省略，直接使用动词原形。 may as well do sth 最好还是做…… had better do 最好做某事 do nothing but do sth 别无选择只好做某事 can’t help but do sth. 禁不住做某事 Why not do sth? 何不做某事？ prefer to do…rather than do sth, 宁愿做……而不愿做…… would rather do…than do… 宁愿做……而不愿做…… You had better go now, or you’ll miss the bus. 你最好现在走，不然会错过公交车。 I would rather stay at home than go out. 我宁愿待在家也不出去。 Would you please turn down the music? 请把音乐关小一点好吗？ They prefer to cook by themselves rather than eat out. 他们宁愿自己做饭，也不愿出去吃。 3.在一定的上下文中，为了避免重复，有时不定式可以省略，但通常保留不定式符号to。注意不定式后面是动词be时，be应保留。 This is the place I want to live in, but I can’t afford to. 这是我想住的地方，但我住不起。 He is not the man he used to be. 他不再是过去的那个他了。 举一反三 单句改错。 1. The librarian will let you to know when the book has been returned. 2. Rather than riding on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle. 3. I lost my keys in the office so I could do nothing but to wait for my mother. 4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him not to do. 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025高三下·全国·专题练习）He is brave enough (acknowledge) his mistake in front of the whole class. 2．（2025·江苏南京·一模） (ease) this area’s water shortage, the local government decided to construct a canal across the mountains, whose construction was remarkable engineering achievement. 3．（2025·江苏南京·一模）Found in 2007, walls of the ruins and the surrounding water conservation system combined to display a massive infrastructure base, construction of which is estimated (take) 4,000 people a decade to accomplish. 4．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The government encourages local communities (participate) in cultural heritage preservation through training programs. 5．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）We need more effective strategies (balance) tourism development with the protection of ancient artifacts. 6．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The museum will launch a new project (digitize) rare paintings for public access on its official website. 7． （2026高三·全国·专题练习）To protect ancient rock carvings, researchers developed special techniques (monitor) environmental changes in real time. 8．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Neuralink is currently conducting five more clinical trials of implants (植入) that allow users (control) electronic devices, including computers, using brain signals. 9．（2026高三·全国·专题练习） (overcome) my fear and build up my confidence, I landed myself on the area of unknown people. 10．（25-26高二下·全国·课后作业）We managed to (negotiate) a better price for the car. 11．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The manager agreed to (extend) the deadline by one week. 12．（25-26高三下·全国·课前预习）The book goes on to his experiences in the army. (description) 13．（25-26高三下·全国·课前预习）We need to the task ahead very clearly. (definition) 14．（2024高三下·吉林·学业考试）I hope (make) some friends here. 15．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）The new policy aims to     (courage) small and medium-sized enterprises to invest more in green energy projects. 16．（2025高三·全国·专题练习）If you want to attend the international academic conference, you need (book) your seat online at least two weeks in advance. 17．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）Jin believes that restoring cultural relics is not simply mending what is broken, but about continuing a chain of human creativity and memory. ‌“Through each careful stroke and polish,” he adds, ‌“we are enabling history (breathe) again.” 18．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）It is challenging (maintain) the original appearance of ancient buildings while repairing them. 19．（2026高三·全国·专题练习）The main goal of the exhibition is (promote) mutual understanding between Eastern and Western civilizations. 二．语法填空 A （2025·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One night, my cat slipped out of the house unnoticed. The next evening, a man knocked on my door and asked 1 I was missing a cat. He explained he had spotted a cat lying by the roadside after being hit by a truck. He stopped 2 (help), wrapping it with something warm and offering water and food. 3 no collar to guide him, he had to go door-to-door until he found me. （2025·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Plogging, a combination of jogging and picking up litter, started as an 4 (organize) activity around 2016 and then gradually became popular. As a workout, plogging is more efficient than simply running because it 5 (focus) on both environmental protection and personal health. Plus, every piece of litter we pick up during plogging contributes to a 6 (clean) and more beautiful environment. This activity is a win-win situation: we take care of Mother Nature while taking care of 7 (we). （2025·北京东城·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Lockers have long been a school tradition, but are they still necessary? Some students argue lockers relieve their heavy backpack burdens. They also serve as valuable social spaces 8 friendships form. However, more students are using laptops and online content to study and work on assignments, making lockers 9 (necessary). So, if schools remove lockers, most of which are very old, more space 10 (create) in the hallways. They can use it to display artwork or other creative projects, which will bring students together. B （2025·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Huang Xuhua (1924.2-2025.2) was one of the 1 (quiet) yet most remarkable national heroes. During the early hard years, he 2 (conduct) research on China’s nuclear submarine all year round. For 30 years when he was even absent from family letters, he had made huge sacrifices. 3 (respect) widely, he was named the man who built the underwater Great Wall. His selfless dedication and outstanding contributions will always be remembered. （2025·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 My mother is in hospital, 4 (battle) cancer. Every day, I make it a point 5 (visit) her and bring along a bunch of flowers. This morning was no different, but she got mad at me. She asked me not to spend money on flowers, insisting that I use it to help people in need. At that moment, 6 I witnessed was the beautiful way a mother’s love could ripple out into the world. （2025·北京丰台·二模）阅读下面短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 The Chinese solar calendar 7 (divide) the year into 24 solar terms. Grain in Ear (芒种), the ninth solar term, begins on June 5 this year. The 8 (arrive) of Grain in Ear signifies the ripening of crops. It is also a busy period for farmers. The system of 24 solar terms 9 (establish) thousands of years ago to guide agricultural production. The culture remains useful today to direct people’s lives through special foods, cultural 10 (ceremony) and healthy living tips. 20 / 20 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $