英语一模突破卷03（上海专用）学易金卷：2026年高考第一次模拟考试

■■■■■ 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷) 答题卡 姓 名： 缺考 贴条形码区 准考证号 标记 口 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 注意寥项 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1.答题前， 考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，并 3 3 3 3 3 认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写， 字体工整。 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范围 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 78 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 4. 保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂 8 8 8 8 改液、刮纸刀。 9 9 9 9 9 9 5. 正确填涂 选择题（请用2B 铅笔填涂) 1【A]IB][C1[D] 6 [A][B][CJD] 11[A][B][CIID] 16 [A][B][CID] 2 IAJIB][CHD] 7【A]IB][CID] 12【A][B][C[D1 17 [AJIB]ICID] 秽 厢 3 [A]IB][C]D] 8【A][B][CID] 13【A][B][C[D1 18 [A][B][CID] 4 [A][B][C]D] 9 [A][B][CID] 14[A][B][C[D1 19A][B][C[D] 5 [AJIB][CI[D] 10[A]IB][C1[D] 15【A]IB][CD] 20 [AJIB]ICID] 41 [A]IB][C][D 46【A][B][C]ID] 51【A1IB][CJID1 56 [A][B][C][D] 42 [A][B][C][D 47[A]IB][C][D] 52[A1[B][C]ID] 57 [A][B][C][D] 11 43 [A][B][C][D] 48 [A][B][C][D] 53IA][B][C1[D1 58 [A]IBIIC]ID 44[A1[B1[C1[D1 4 [A][B][C][D] 54IA][B][C1[D] 59【A1[B][C1[D] 45 [AJIB][C][D] 50 [A]IB][C]ID] 55 [A][B][C][D] 60 [AJ[B][C][D] 61[A]IB1[C1[D] 66【A][B][C]ID] 蜜 62【A]IB1ICJ[D] 67 [AJ[B][C][D][E][F] 63 [A][B][C][D 68A][B][C1[D][E1[F 日 64 [A]IB]ICJID] 69[A]IB1IC][D][E1[F] 65 [A][B][C][D 70 IA]IB]IC]ID][E]IF] 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答) II、 Gr ammar and Vocabulary (20分) Section A 21 22 23. 24 25 26 27 28. 29 30. 英语第1页（共2页) Section B 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV.Summary Writing (10) 71. 肉 V、Translation(15分) 72、 73、 74、 炉 75、 VI、Guided Writing(25分) 席 英语第2页（共2页）听力考试正式开始。Hello, please take a seat. I have your test results here. And its good news, the blood test came back clear. There is no indication of any digestive issues. so then why do I feel so bad all the time? Question, what's the most probable relationship between the two speakers? Listen to the next question. Excuse me, I have a connection to chicago at five o'clock. Am I going to make IT? Yes, look at the people mover there. IT will take you to the departure gate where you want to go. There shouldn't be a problem question. where does this conversation most probably take place? Listen to the next question. Could you get the whole . square in? Move back a little bit now to the left there. That's perfect. Say cheese. Good . question. What are the two speakers most probably doing? Listen to the next question. I haven't even started writing my draft yet, so i'm really worried about finishing by the end of next semester. You mean you haven't even begun yours yet? Question, how do the man feel about the woman's writing progress? Listen to the next question. how can IT be just okay when last week you were excited about the apartment and kept posting photos of IT online? Well, last week, when I moved in, the apartment seemed warm and comfortable, just the right size for one person. But now I just seems tiny but lonely. Question, what does the woman think of her apartment now? Listen to the next question. john. You are astonished fans by leaving the sport at just twenty five. Why did you retire you so early? I knew basketball wasn't a career with a lot of longevity for most players, so I wanted to change careers while I was . still Young. Question, why did john retire so early? Listen to the next question. how did your annual . performance evaluation meeting with your manager ago? Did you get much in the way . of praise? Next to . zero question, what does the woman mean? Listen to the next question. This is my first job after graduating from university, and i'm very keen to start from the bottom in whatever capacity I may be of use. That's good to hear you sound very energetic question. What can we learn from the conversation? Listen to the next question. Wow, you've decided to study architecture. Yes, due to its material nature, architecture is one field where I will be able to clearly witness the contribution I make to a city question. Why does the woman decide to study architecture? Listen to the next question. People read my books because more than sixty percent of americans are overweight and other countries are facing . similar problems. Basically, we all want to know how to fix things. Question, which of the following is most likely to be the topic of the woman's book? Listen to the next question. So i've been thinking this summer holiday, i'd like to try renting a motor home and expLoring a bit more. A motor home. You mean to spend the summer living in a car? Yes, a motor home. I know it's nothing like living in a car. These are proper vehicles with four size beds to sleeping. Some even have kitchens s this way, we wouldn't have to be locked into one place during our holiday. We'd be able to visit more places and travel at our own pace. We'd probably save a lot of money as well. I think my grandfather had a vehicle like that. He doesn't sound that attractive to me. Today's motor homes are completely different these days. They are equipped with all the modern comforts. I've seen quite a few with solar panels that provide electricity when you are stopped this way, you can use your computer or charge your phone, and most even have wifi. So if the wear is not great, you could stream videos. I'm warming up to the idea. Keep talking. Loads of people are committing to this trend. Full time check IT out online. Lots of people stream videos of their alternative lifestyles and actually a salary. Imagine having that kind of freedom to go anywhere you want and work from anywhere in the world. okay? We can consider IT as long as the basic needs like toilet and showers are covered. I'm definitely in. Do you think there will be enough room for my mountain bike? What about food delivery? Will we be able to order to the motor home? Will there be enough space for the dog? We wouldn't want to leave him behind. Slow down. Glad you're excited about IT. Let's start by looking at what's available first. So i've been thinking this summer holiday, i'd like to try renting a motor home and expLoring a bit more. A motor home. You mean to spend the summer living in a car? Yes, a motor home and know it's nothing like living in a car. These are proper vehicles with four size beds to sleeping. Some even have kitchens. S this way, we wouldn't have to be locked into one place during our holiday. We'd be able to visit more places and travel at our own pace. We'd probably save a lot of money as well. I think my grandfather had a vehicle like that. He doesn't sound that attractive to me. Today's motoring homes are completely different these days. They are equipped with all the modern comforts. I've seen quite a few with solar panels that provide electricity when you stopped this way, you can use your computer or charge your phone, and most even have wifi. So if the wait is not great, you could stream videos. I'm warming up to the idea. Keep talking. Loads of people are committing to this trend. Full time check IT out online. Lots of people stream videos of their alternative lifestyles. And actually on a salary, imagine having that kind of freedom to go anywhere you want and work from anywhere in the world. okay? We can consider IT as long as the basic needs like toilet and showers are covered. I'm definitely in. Do you think there will be enough room for my mountain bike? What about food delivery? Will we be able to order to the motor home? Will there be enough space for the dog? We wouldn't want to leave . him behind. Slow down. Glad you're excited about IT. Let's start by looking at what's available. First questions, according to the woman, what benefit does travelling in a motorhomes brain? Which of the following is a feature of today's motorhomes? According to the woman, how do lots of people earn a salary with their motor homes? What is the man's attitude towards a motor home at the end of the conversation? Listen to the next question. Today we are going to talk about how to be or have a roommate. Here are three tips. P one set rules early on, right before you start to live under one roof. Who buy scope ge bags, who takes out the rubbish from the kitchen and the bathroom? Are their phone zones tip to be generous? Listen, people is people and went two people living in a closed space. There's going to be some friction. So every once in a while, do things that aren't expected of you. For example, maybe clean the bathroom for your roommate when here he is having a stressful time at school or work. This isn't about being a push shover. It's about giving the other person a bit of the same Grace that you'd like him or her to give to you. Tip three, keep the lines of communication open. You may assume that your limit is OK with all the late night explosions coming from your room because of your time machine experiments. But he never hurts to tell him or her beforehand. IT might be an awkward conversation, but there is an adult tote secret awwa neon and safety are often the Price of admission. Make things more awesome. Today we are going to talk about how to be or have a roommate. Here are three tips. Tip one, set rules early on, right before you start to live under one roof. Who buys garbage bags? Who takes out the rubbish from the kitchen in the bathroom? Are there phone zones? Tip to be generous. Listen, people is people. And when two people live in a close space, there's going to be some friction. So every once in a while do things that aren't expected of you. For example, maybe clean the bathroom for your roommate when here he is, having a stressful time at school or work. This isn't about being a push cover. It's about giving the other person a bit of the same Grace that you'd like him mor her, to give to you. Tip three, keep the lines of communication open. You may assume that your roommate is okay with all the late night explosions coming from your room because of your time machine experiments. But IT never hurts to tell him or her beforehand might be an awkward, but here's an adult hood. Secrets, awkwardness and unsafely are often the Price of admission to make things more awesome. Questions, what does the speaker suggest doing before people start to have a roommate? Why does the speaker suggest your cleaning the bathroom for your roommates under pressure? What can we learn from tip three? Listen to the next question. I'm always asked . this question in the digital age, why is that necessary to make plans by writing them down by hand? Well, even though it's much easier and faster to type, writing enables us to slow down, which helps us pause before we proceed. IT gives us just enough time to ask a really important question. Is this task or responsibility even worthy effort, IT will take to write down? If the answer is yes, then this choice provides with an opportunity to recommit to your task or responsibility. This means that you have to think about why it's important and remains meaningful and that awareness can be really motivating. On the other hand, if the answer is no, which means something is not important enough for the time IT takes to write down, then chances are it's not adding a lot of value to your life. It's probably just the destruction, and you can let you go. I'm always asked this question in the digital age, why is that necessary to make plans by writing them down by hand? Well, even though it's much easier and faster to type, writing enables us to slow down, which helps us pause before we proceed. That gives us just enough time to ask a really important question. Is this task of responsibility even worth the effort IT will take to write down? If the answer is yes, then this choice provides with an opportunity to recommit to your task or responsibility. This means that you have to think about why it's important and remains meaningful, and that awareness can be really motivating. On the other hand, if the answer is no, which means something is not important enough for the time IT takes to write down, then chances are it's not adding a lot of value to your life. It's probably just a distraction until you can let you go. Questions, what is the speaker mainly talking about? According to the speaker, what does the pause before we proceed enable us to do? What does the speaker s suggest doing with the tasks not worth writing down? 听力部分到此结束。 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷) 答题卡 姓 名： 标 贴条形码区 准考证号 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 注意事项 2 2 2 23456 1.答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚， 34 2345678 3 3 3 3 3 23 并认真检查监考员所粘贴的条形码。 4 56 5 456 3456 4 4 4 2.选择题必须使用2B铅笔填涂；非选择题必须用0.5mm 5 黑色字迹的签字笔填写，字体工整 6 6 456 6 6 3.请按题号顺序在各题的答题区内作答，超出答题区域范 78 78 围的答案无效，在草纸、试卷上作答无效。 8 78 4.保持卡面清洁，不要折叠、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用 9 789 9 789 789 789 789 9 9 涂改液、刮纸刀。 5. 正确填涂■ 选择题 (请用2B铅笔填涂) 11 IAlIBIICID 2 B D 7 B 12 AHBHICHDI 3 ic D 8 JAlIBIICID 10 20 AIIBIICIID [AI B C D IC D 123455 A IC C B C IA B 61 B C D 66 B C A C IC A D 69 B]IC 65 B 非选择题（请在各试题的答题区内作答） 英语第1页（共2页） IⅡ、 Grammar and Vocabulary (20) Section A 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 密 ------ 封 -线 请在各题目的答题区域内作答，超出黑色矩形边框限定区域的答案无效！ 英语第2页（共2页） ■ ■ aa■■ Section B 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. IV.Summary Writing (10) 71. 阳 V、Translation(15分) 72、 73、 74、 75、 VI、Guided Writing(25分) 茶 --------------- 英语第1页（共2页）: 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 (考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：140分) 注意事项： : 1.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 . 2.回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡 皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 : 3.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 : : I.Listening Comprehension(第1-10题，每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分) : 0 Section A : Directions:In Section A,you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers.At the end of each 尽 conversation,a question will be asked about what was said The conversations and the questions will be spoken : only once.After you hear a conversation ad the question about it,read the four possible aswers on your paper : and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1. A.Doctor and patient. B.Teacher and student .: : C.Policeman and thief. D.Husband and wife : : A.At the airport. B.At a subway station. : C.At the school gate. D.At a bus stop A.Cleaning the square. B.Drinking a toast. : C.Moving the table. D.Taking photos. A.Excited. B.Satisfied C.Shocked. D.Uninterested. 的 5 A.It's tiny and warm. B.It excites her whenever she walks in. : C.It's too big for one person. D.It is not that satisfactory. : 6. : 试题第1页（共14页） : : : 可学科网·学易金卷就蕊限品 A.He wanted to have a more profitable career. B.He was not fit enough as a basketballer then. C.A basketball career typically did not last long. D.It was common for basketballers to change careers. 7. A.Her manager sat next to her at the meeting. B.Her manager didn't praise her at the meeting. C.The man self-evaluated his annual performance. D.The man didn't attend the evaluation meeting at all. 8. A.The man feels energetic after the interview. B.The man regards the woman as a good listener. C.The woman wants to try something beyond her capacity. D.The woman is willing to begin from the entry-level position. 91 A.To witness the development of a city.B.To tap her potential well. C.To contribute noticeably to a city D.To do research on materials. 10. A.Which countries are similar? B.How to fix things? C.How to keep fit? D.Who are facing these problems? Section B Directions:In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation,and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conersation.The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear a question,read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following passage 11.A.Healthy diets. B.Good sleep quality. C.Cost efficiency. D.Sense of safety. 12.A.They are equipped with computers. B.They are technology-supported. C.They can keep weather records. D.They have several electricity panels. 13.A.Delivering food to those who need it. 试题第2页（共14页） 可学科网·学易金卷两思限品 B.Taking friends anywhere in the world. C.Streaming videos of their new way of life D.Meeting the basic needs of people in remote areas. 14.A.It is acceptable. B.It is expensive. C.It is out of date D.It is problematic 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 15.A.Being generous. B.Listing household duties. C.Following the roommate's advice. D.Establishing rules 16.A.To push him or her to clean it next time.B.To prevent friction. C.To go through a hard time gracefully D.To show your kindness. 17.A.Doing time machine experiments is unsafe. B.Nobody can bear the loud sound at late night. C.Communication is key to living together in peace. D.It is better to keep awkward experiences as a secret. Questions 18 through 20 are bused on the following conversation. 18.A.Why we need to write down our plans. B.Why some tasks or responsibilities matter. C.Why it is necessary to spare time for handwriting. D.Why we should let go of some unimportant things. 19.A.Be more motivated at work. B.Reconsider the value of a task. C.Fulfill our commitment to the community D.Raise our awareness of social responsibility. 20.A.Giving them up B.Assigning them to others C.Typing them down. D.Adding to their meaningfulness. Ⅱ.Gr ammar and Vocabulary(每题1分：共20分) Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and gramuatically 试题第3页（共14页） correct.For the blanks with a given word fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word for the other O blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. (新题材)The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening,but you don't have a yard?If that's the case, 21 _(take)container gardening into consideration.This method involves 22(grow)plants in pots and containers rather than 成 in the ground.Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers,herbs,vegetables,fruit trees and more.There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with,you don't need much space.A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work.In fact,a sunny,indoor kitchen windowsill(is perfect for a few small plants,23 张 gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals.The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight Unless they're too big or heavy,containers are portable.This allows you to move your plants inside if 游 游 necessary.Or you can move your plants into the shade24 extremely hot days.Containers allow you to 游 place your plants 25 they'll grow best. With containers,you're almost certain 26 (fill)them with productive soil.Using a good bag of O potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best.Here's an important tip:Once27 (stuff),large containers can get heavy.Therefore,it's best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding 28 (require).For 0 plants in the ground,weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost 29 can be used as a container.You don't need expensive pots for containers.Wooden boxes,cans,tea kettles,old shoes and more will work.There's no end to the number 区 of items that can be used.Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. 0 30 shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. Section B Directions:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once Note that there is one word more than you need. A.present B.accomplishment C.plug D.household E.defeated F.significant G.diagnose H.addicts I amateur J.alerted K. picture 试题第4页（共14页） : : A hacker's life : : Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in?First,you get a sense of : 31 in succeeding.But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n) 32,a professional could do so five times faster.So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it.Well, that's more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works : Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to 33 their knowledge and ·····... capabilities.Mention the word 'hacker'and many of us 34 a seventeen-year-old geek (sitting in their bedroom,illegally hacking into the US's defence secrets in the Pentagon ()Or we just think : : criminals'.But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives.These : are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps:computer 35 who can't break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems,from the Internet to mobile communications to 36 : 尽 door locks.And then they try to hack them.In doing so,they are doing all of us a great service,because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems,which are then able to 37 the security holes. : A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks.Ironically,one of the O : most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock.But when it came to more modern devices,the presenters revealed38 weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks.A : bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was 39,easily,by a paper clip.(Unfortunately,although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were 40 not all of them responded.) : : .: 拟 : II.Reading Comprehension(共45分。41-45每题1分：56-70每题2分) : Section A O : Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A.B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context : (社会热点)Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang,Gansu Province,.are trying to harmonize 8 tourists'exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals ()through innovative measures. Sandstorms,rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 41 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site,said Wang Xiaowei,director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang : Academy.Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979,the number of visitors has been 42 at an O average annual rate of around 20 percent,reaching 2.15 million in 2019."If you enter the caves during the 43 : 试题第5页（共14页） : : 一学科网·学易金卷德就税限家品 tourism months of July,August and September,you'll find it hard to breathe,"Wang said.The carbon dioxide and moisture (breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals,Wang said. To preserve the caves,the duration of visits is 44 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren't 45 when restrictions are in place,the center provides a digital exhibition,he said. Currently,the center is being 46 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 47 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago.The digitization project has successfully 48 over 200 caves,with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work."Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 49 a historical record for future generations,"said Ding Xiaosheng,deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy.Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 50 audience,according to Su Bomin,head of the Dunhuang Academy."The Mogao Caves are51,and transporting them is impossible,"Su said."However,with digitization,we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide,introducing Eastern culture to the world." In 2016,the Digital Dunhuang went live,sharing high-definition images and 52 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally.Currently,visitors from 78 countries have 53 the murals,totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 54 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics )"By digitizing these relics,we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang's culture,thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China's historical 55 to diverse cultural exchanges-that is,an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,"he said. 41.A.shortages B.restrictions C.contributions D.threats 42.A.doubling B.growing C.continuing D.varying 43.A.cultural B.previous C.peak D.commercial 44.A.limited B.extended C.publicized D.concealed 45.A.confused B.amazed C.scared D.disappointed 46.A.expanded B.constructed C.decorated D.repaired 47.A.exclusively B.digitally C.subjectively D.autonomously 48.A.clarified B.highlighted C.covered D.strategized 49.A.comes across B.turns over C.leaves behind D.lets alone 50.A.global B.professional C.technological D.different 试题第6页（共14页） 学科网·学易金卷筒既德：限家语 51.A.complicated B.irreproducible C.controversial D.immovable 52.A.virtual B.temporary C.conventional D.steady 53.A.imitated B.accessed C.praised D.purchased 54.A.reject B.provide C.adjust D.classify 55.A.adaptation B.attention C.admission D.commitment Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices narkedA,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the infornation given in the passage you have just read. Soap bubbles (are like little floating wonders.They're light,delicate,and full of surprises.And,of course,they shine with beautiful colours!But if you look closely,you'll notice something odd-bubbles show pink,green,yellow,and sometimes blue,but where are the other colours?Why don't we see bright red,deep purple,or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble's colours lies in its thin film.The outer surface reflects light,and so does the inner surface.Light moves like a wave in this situation.Just like ripples on a pond,the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside.If the waves strengthen each other,the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far,so good-this process can create many colours.But where's my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow.However,we don't see them separately because the soap film's thickness often produces a mix of colours.Interestingly,the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet().But instead of seeing both,we only see pink The violet wave ripples four times before exiting,while the red wave ripples three times.Yet,by the time they leave the bubble,they meet.Pink seems like a single colour,but it doesn't actually exist in the rainbow-our brains create it by mixing red and violet If the bubble's surface becomes slightly thinner,the red and violet waves cancel each other out,leaving only green,which is a real rainbow colour.As the film gets even thinner,red and green appear together (both rippling about twice),but blue disappears,so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin-just one or two light wavelengths thick.This means there are only a few possible colour combinations,and red alone isn't one of them.So,no red bubbles for me. 试题第7页（共14页） It might be frustrating to hear,"That's just how it is,"but in this case,I don't mind.Every soap bubble follows the same rules,no matter how or where it's made.It's actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way.Pink and green bubbles are simply nature's design 56.Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by A.combining into stronger light 成 B.either adding together or reducing each other 卡 C.absorbing each other to make a single colour D.passing through the bubble without changing 57.Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A.Red light always mixes with other colours. B.Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble's surface C.The bubble's surface absorbs red light completely. D.The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 游 58.What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A.It's nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B.It's good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C.It's sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D.It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way 59.What is the passage mainly about? A.Why light is so appealing. B.How soap bubbles are made. 些 C.How light creates wonders in nature. D.Why some colours don't appear in soap bubbles. B Li Lin,a senior high 3 student,is preparing an argumentative essay on sea exploration.He has collected some texts for reference,two of which are shown below for his writing. Text 1Exploring the sea usually means exploiting it,which has caused numerous problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution.The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons (of 试题第8页（共14页） oil into the sea in 2010.Plastic pollution is also harmful,killing many birds and fish,and has even been found in our : O tap water.Mining for resources is damaging,especially in the Arctic.Climate change has led to less ice,which means we can look for more fossil fiuels(further north.But if we burn these,the ice will melt more,thus : .: worsening this negative cycle.Whales and dolphins are also overfished for their meat or for research.Although this was banned in 1982,some countries are still "murdering"these intelligent creatures without mercy. The sea stretches out immeasurably but it is more sensitive than we think.If we don't protect it,future generations will not forgive us. : Text 2To truly understand our planet,we must explore the oceans which cover most of it.Opponents may be concerned,but sea exploration matters to the future. : Gaining more insights into the sea will also help us manage its resources better.Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth.It may enable us to discover new medicines,as well as new sources : of food and energy.Accessing the deep ocean may provide hints of events such as earthquakes.The population of : the world is growing and we need new resources for future development.There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice,not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals.The related environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs.Hopefully,as technology improves,we can have more options for managing this balance. : 60.Which of the following can be inferred from the texts? A.Plastic pollution has directly contributed to the melting of Arctic ice. B.Logging new species could lead to advancements in medicine and food production : C.Overfishing has been completely stopped due to international bans introduced in 1982. .: : D.The population growth worldwide has reduced the need for deep-sea resources. .: : 61.Before writing,Li Lin puts forward some questions.Which question CAN NOT Li Lin find the answer to from the texts? A.What's the purpose of sea exploration? B.How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea? 的 C.What benefits can sea exploration bring to other research fields? D.What can we do to balance environmental protection and sea exploration? : 62.If Li Lin is determined to write an essay based on opinions from both texts,which of the following will most : : probably be the central theme of his essay? A.Ways to improve the efficiency of sea development. 试题第9页（共14页） : 学科网·学易金卷览树蕊限家 B.Technological breakthroughs in sea exploration. C.Balance between the impact of sea exploration and its benefits. D.Appeal to protect the sea from unsustainable exploration. C The phrase "coin toss"is a classic equivalent to randomness.But since at least the 18th century, mathematicians have suspected that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias ()however,would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare. Frantisek Bartos,currently a Ph.D.candidate at the University of Amsterdam,became fascinated by this challenge four years ago.He couldn't round up enough volunteers to investigate it at first."Nobody was stupid enough to spend a couple of weekends tossing coins,"he says.But after he began his Ph.D.studies,he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers(many of them friends and fellow students)from six countries.Multiple weekends of coin tossing later,the team had performed 350,757 tosses,breaking the previous record of 40,000 The tossed coins,according to previous findings,landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time.The large number of throws allows statisticians to conclude that the nearly one percent bias isn't a fluke."We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,"Bartos says. The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues,whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent.From the moment a coin is launched into the air,its entire path in the air-including whether it lands on heads or tails-can be calculated by the laws of mechanics.The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical i达（对称轴）；instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily,which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial"up"side on top. For day-to-day decisions,coin tosses are as good as random because a one percent bias isn't perceptible with just a few coin tosses,says another statistician who wasn't involved in the new research.Still,the study's conclusions should eliminate any doubt that still exists regarding the coin toss's slim bias. It isn't difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches;simply concealing the coin's 试题第10页（共14页） 学科网·学易金卷做好限是语 starting position before tossing it should do the trick.Alternatively,you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms.But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias,you may as well benefit from your slight advantage.After all,51 percent odds beat a lot. 63.Why was it difficult to prove the tiny bias in coin tosses? A.Because it required a large number of trials and loads of tests B.Because few scientists and researchers were interested in this topic. C.Because scientists lacked the ability and technique to conduct this study. D.Because previous researches failed many times and scientists lost confidence. 64.The meaning of the underlined word fluke in paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that A.happens by accident B.can be planned in advance C.occurs under specific conditions D.can be gained by practice 65.What can we imply from the last paragraph? A.This one percent bias matters little in real life. B.We should rely on this one percent bias to help us C.Though unnoticeable,we may still take advantage of this bias. D.Relying on the one percent bias to win a coin-toss match is unfair. 66.What is the best title of this passage? A.Risk-takers?Experts recommend coin-toss matches. B.Luck or Maths?Here're some tips on tossing coins. C.Coin collectors?There're stories behind each coin. D.Heads or Tails?Research suggests it's not 50-50. Section C Directions:Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once.Note that there are two sentences more than you need Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause.Alma Deutscher,who lived in Surrey with her parents,was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. 67 Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as"a bit like me".Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere.During 试题第11页（共14页） an interview with NBC's Today show,she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often O O resulted in a blank mind.68 : The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages.69 Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn't make much sense.Lots of people might have the same sized foot,but only one person could have written that melody. 成 Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was "absolutely bowled over"when he first saw her perform,but it 兵 was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation's Mozart,after watching a video of her performing online.70 She said,"I love Mozart very much.He's probably my favourite composer,but 张 I don't really like it when people call me 'Little Miss Mozart'because I don't like being called 'little'.I'm very big,and secondly,if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring." A.However,it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. 0 B.Interestingly,it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. 数 滞 C.Deutscher's most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. 游 D.Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale,the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E.The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F.She never got nervous on stage,as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. IV.Summary Writing(共10分) 0 Directions:Read the following passage.Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words.Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry 区 The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man.In his 5,365 letters to friends and ·: family,we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety.He had just one,temporary pain reliever for his misery:"..a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form." Tchaikovsky's experience is not abnormal..Modern research in neuroscience(神经科学)and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way.At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S.adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential,this might be the simplest,easiest,and most natural way for any one to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion,and anxiety in O particular.In a fascinating 2015 study,neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry.They found that 试题第12页（共14页） during the idea-generation phase of writing,.the medial prefrontal cortex(前额叶内侧皮层)is especially active.. .: : This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation(an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts),which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as : : meditational exercises do-thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. : Yet,so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary.One method I like to suggest,to help people find the ideal activity for them,is to start by ·····... categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive.All you need is to know your personality type and your preference.Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater : or classical music;people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. .: : : : : : V.Translation共15分。第1小题和第2小题，每题3分；第3题4分；第4题5分。) : Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets 常 72.面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。hesitate)(汉译英) : 73.她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(o telling)(汉译英) : : 74.设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求，又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) : (汉译英) O : 75.在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见的精神 : 障碍。(whose)(汉译英) ? VI.Guided Writing(共25分) 76.Directions:Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in : Chinese. : 你是未来中学的高三学生小星，正在完成一份英语学科的跨文化研习课题。请根据以下给出的报告提纲， 撰写一篇文章阐述研究所得。 : 试题第13页（共14页） 一学科网·学易金卷两树得家是品 Festivals in China and Western Countries Reporter:Xiao Xing Steps 1.Choose one typical festival from each of China and Western Countries. 2.Compare the two festivals in at least two aspects,whether in common or different. (Such as the cultural background,ways to celebrate,etc.) 3.Analyze why these features are in common or different. 4.Find commonalities or differences between Chinese and Western cultures the festivals reflect (if any,or can be omitted) Main Text … 。”。。。。·”。 …… 试题第14页（共14页） 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1． A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Policeman and thief. D．Husband and wife. 2． A．At the airport. B．At a subway station. C．At the school gate. D．At a bus stop. 3． A．Cleaning the square. B．Drinking a toast. C．Moving the table. D．Taking photos. 4． A．Excited. B．Satisfied. C．Shocked. D．Uninterested. 5． A．It’s tiny and warm. B．It excites her whenever she walks in. C．It’s too big for one person. D．It is not that satisfactory. 6． A．He wanted to have a more profitable career. B．He was not fit enough as a basketballer then. C．A basketball career typically did not last long. D．It was common for basketballers to change careers. 7． A．Her manager sat next to her at the meeting. B．Her manager didn’t praise her at the meeting. C．The man self-evaluated his annual performance. D．The man didn’t attend the evaluation meeting at all. 8． A．The man feels energetic after the interview. B．The man regards the woman as a good listener. C．The woman wants to try something beyond her capacity. D．The woman is willing to begin from the entry-level position. 9． A．To witness the development of a city. B．To tap her potential well. C．To contribute noticeably to a city. D．To do research on materials. 10． A．Which countries are similar? B．How to fix things? C．How to keep fit? D．Who are facing these problems? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following passage 11．A．Healthy diets. B．Good sleep quality. C．Cost efficiency. D．Sense of safety. 12．A．They are equipped with computers. B．They are technology-supported. C．They can keep weather records. D．They have several electricity panels. 13．A．Delivering food to those who need it. B．Taking friends anywhere in the world. C．Streaming videos of their new way of life. D．Meeting the basic needs of people in remote areas. 14．A．It is acceptable. B．It is expensive. C．It is out of date. D．It is problematic. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 15．A．Being generous. B．Listing household duties. C．Following the roommate’s advice. D．Establishing rules. 16．A．To push him or her to clean it next time. B．To prevent friction. C．To go through a hard time gracefully. D．To show your kindness. 17．A．Doing time machine experiments is unsafe. B．Nobody can bear the loud sound at late night. C．Communication is key to living together in peace. D．It is better to keep awkward experiences as a secret. Questions 18 through 20 are bused on the following conversation. 18．A．Why we need to write down our plans. B．Why some tasks or responsibilities matter. C．Why it is necessary to spare time for handwriting. D．Why we should let go of some unimportant things. 19．A．Be more motivated at work. B．Reconsider the value of a task. C．Fulfill our commitment to the community. D．Raise our awareness of social responsibility. 20．A．Giving them up. B．Assigning them to others. C．Typing them down. D．Adding to their meaningfulness. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. （新题材）The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, 21 (take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves 22 (grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, 23 gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade 24 extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants 25 they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain 26 (fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once 27 (stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding 28 (require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost 29 can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. 30 shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present   B．accomplishment   C． plug   D．household   E. defeated F. significant   G. diagnose   H. addicts   I. amateur   J. alerted   K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of 31 in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n) 32 , a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to 33 their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us 34 a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer 35 who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to 36 door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to 37 the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed 38 weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was 39 , easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were 40 not all of them responded.) III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context （社会热点）Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 41 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 42 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 43 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 44 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 45 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 46 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 47 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 48 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 49 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 50 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 51 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 52 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 53 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 54 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 55 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 41．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 42．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 43．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 44．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 45．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 46．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 47．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 48．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 49．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 50．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 51．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 52．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 53．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 54．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 55．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Soap bubbles (泡泡) are like little floating wonders. They’re light, delicate, and full of surprises. And, of course, they shine with beautiful colours! But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble’s colours lies in its thin film. The outer surface reflects light, and so does the inner surface. Light moves like a wave in this situation. Just like ripples (涟漪) on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far, so good — this process can create many colours. But where’s my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow. However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet (紫色). But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. The violet wave ripples four times before exiting, while the red wave ripples three times. Yet, by the time they leave the bubble, they meet. Pink seems like a single colour, but it doesn’t actually exist in the rainbow — our brains create it by mixing red and violet. If the bubble’s surface becomes slightly thinner, the red and violet waves cancel each other out, leaving only green, which is a real rainbow colour. As the film gets even thinner, red and green appear together (both rippling about twice), but blue disappears, so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin — just one or two light wavelengths thick. This means there are only a few possible colour combinations, and red alone isn’t one of them. So, no red bubbles for me. It might be frustrating to hear, “That’s just how it is,” but in this case, I don’t mind. Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. 56．Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by ______. A．combining into stronger light B．either adding together or reducing each other C．absorbing each other to make a single colour D．passing through the bubble without changing 57．Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A．Red light always mixes with other colours. B．Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble’s surface. C．The bubble’s surface absorbs red light completely. D．The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 58．What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A．It’s nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B．It’s good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C．It’s sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D．It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way. 59．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why light is so appealing. B．How soap bubbles are made. C．How light creates wonders in nature. D．Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. B Li Lin, a senior high 3 student, is preparing an argumentative essay on sea exploration. He has collected some texts for reference, two of which are shown below for his writing. Text 1Exploring the sea usually means exploiting it, which has caused numerous problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons (加仑) of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also harmful, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is damaging, especially in the Arctic. Climate change has led to less ice, which means we can look for more fossil fuels(化石燃料) further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more, thus worsening this negative cycle. Whales and dolphins are also overfished for their meat or for research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. The sea stretches out immeasurably but it is more sensitive than we think. If we don’t protect it, future generations will not forgive us. Text 2To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration matters to the future. Gaining more insights into the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may enable us to discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may provide hints of events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. The related environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we can have more options for managing this balance. 60．Which of the following can be inferred from the texts? A．Plastic pollution has directly contributed to the melting of Arctic ice. B．Logging new species could lead to advancements in medicine and food production. C．Overfishing has been completely stopped due to international bans introduced in 1982. D．The population growth worldwide has reduced the need for deep-sea resources. 61．Before writing, Li Lin puts forward some questions. Which question CAN NOT Li Lin find the answer to from the texts? A．What’s the purpose of sea exploration? B．How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea? C．What benefits can sea exploration bring to other research fields? D．What can we do to balance environmental protection and sea exploration? 62．If Li Lin is determined to write an essay based on opinions from both texts, which of the following will most probably be the central theme of his essay? A．Ways to improve the efficiency of sea development. B．Technological breakthroughs in sea exploration. C．Balance between the impact of sea exploration and its benefits. D．Appeal to protect the sea from unsustainable exploration. C The phrase “coin toss” is a classic equivalent to randomness. But since at least the 18th century, mathematicians have suspected that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D．candidate at the University of Amsterdam, became fascinated by this challenge four years ago. He couldn’t round up enough volunteers to investigate it at first. “Nobody was stupid enough to spend a couple of weekends tossing coins,” he says. But after he began his Ph.D．studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers (many of them friends and fellow students) from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin tossing later, the team had performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows statisticians to conclude that the nearly one percent bias isn’t a fluke. “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a one percent bias isn’t perceptible with just a few coin tosses, says another statistician who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any doubt that still exists regarding the coin toss’s slim bias. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot. 63．Why was it difficult to prove the tiny bias in coin tosses? A．Because it required a large number of trials and loads of tests. B．Because few scientists and researchers were interested in this topic. C．Because scientists lacked the ability and technique to conduct this study. D．Because previous researches failed many times and scientists lost confidence. 64．The meaning of the underlined word fluke in paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that ______. A．happens by accident B．can be planned in advance C．occurs under specific conditions D．can be gained by practice 65．What can we imply from the last paragraph? A．This one percent bias matters little in real life. B．We should rely on this one percent bias to help us. C．Though unnoticeable, we may still take advantage of this bias. D．Relying on the one percent bias to win a coin-toss match is unfair. 66．What is the best title of this passage? A．Risk-takers? Experts recommend coin-toss matches. B．Luck or Maths? Here’re some tips on tossing coins. C．Coin collectors? There’re stories behind each coin. D．Heads or Tails? Research suggests it’s not 50-50. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. 67 Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. 68 The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. 69 Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. 70 She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ” A．However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B．Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C．Deutscher’s most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D．Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E．The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F．She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72．面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。(hesitate)(汉译英) 73．她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(no telling) (汉译英) 74．设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求，又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) (汉译英) 75．在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见的精神障碍。(whose) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是未来中学的高三学生小星，正在完成一份英语学科的跨文化研习课题。请根据以下给出的报告提纲，撰写一篇文章阐述研究所得。 Festivals in China and Western Countries Reporter: Xiao Xing Steps 1. Choose one typical festival from each of China and Western Countries. 2. Compare the two festivals in at least two aspects, whether in common or different. (Such as the cultural background, ways to celebrate, etc.) 3. Analyze why these features are in common or different. 4. Find commonalities or differences between Chinese and Western cultures the festivals reflect. (if any, or can be omitted) Main Text ………… ………… ………… _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1． A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Policeman and thief. D．Husband and wife. 【答案】A 【原文】M: Hello, please take a seat. I have your test results here, and it’s good news. The blood test came back clear. There is no indication of any digestive issues. W: So then, why do I feel so bad all the time? Q: What’s the most probable relationship between the two speakers? 2． A．At the airport. B．At a subway station. C．At the school gate. D．At a bus stop. 【答案】A 【原文】W: Excuse me. I have a connection to Chicago at 5: 00. Am I going to make it? M: Yes. Look at the people mover there. It will take you to the departure gate where you want to go. There shouldn’t be a problem. Q: Where does this conversation most probably take place? 3． A．Cleaning the square. B．Drinking a toast. C．Moving the table. D．Taking photos. 【答案】D 【原文】M: Could you get the whole square in? W: Move back a little bit. Now to the left. There, that’s perfect. Say Cheese! Good! Q: What are the two speakers most probably doing? 4． A．Excited. B．Satisfied. C．Shocked. D．Uninterested. 【答案】C 【原文】W: I haven’t even started writing my draft yet. So I’m really worried about finishing by the end of next semester. M: You mean you haven’t even begun yours yet?! Q: How did the man feel about the woman’s writing progress? 5． A．It’s tiny and warm. B．It excites her whenever she walks in. C．It’s too big for one person. D．It is not that satisfactory. 【答案】D 【原文】M: How can it be just okay when last week you were excited about the apartment and kept posting photos of it online? W: Well, last week when I moved in, the apartment seemed warm and comfortable, just the right size for one person. But now it just seems tiny but lonely. Q: What does the woman think of her apartment now? 6． A．He wanted to have a more profitable career. B．He was not fit enough as a basketballer then. C．A basketball career typically did not last long. D．It was common for basketballers to change careers. 【答案】C 【原文】W: John, you astonished fans by leaving the sport at just 25. Why did you retire so carly? M: I knew basketball wasn’t a career with a lot of longevity for most players. So I wanted to change careers while I was still young. Q: Why did John retire so early? 7． A．Her manager sat next to her at the meeting. B．Her manager didn’t praise her at the meeting. C．The man self-evaluated his annual performance. D．The man didn’t attend the evaluation meeting at all. 【答案】B 【原文】M: How did your annual performance evaluation meeting with your manager go? Did you get much in the way of praise? W: Next to zero. Q: What does the woman mean? 8． A．The man feels energetic after the interview. B．The man regards the woman as a good listener. C．The woman wants to try something beyond her capacity. D．The woman is willing to begin from the entry-level position. 【答案】D 【原文】W: This is my first job after graduating from university and I am very keen to start from the bottom in whatever capacity I may be of use. M: That’s good to hear. You sound very energetic. Q: What can we learn from the conversation? 9． A．To witness the development of a city. B．To tap her potential well. C．To contribute noticeably to a city. D．To do research on materials. 【答案】C 【原文】M: Wow, you’ve decided to study architecture. W: Yes. Due to its material nature, architecture is one field where I will be able to clearly witness the contribution I make to a city. Q: Why does the woman decide to study architecture? 10． A．Which countries are similar? B．How to fix things? C．How to keep fit? D．Who are facing these problems? 【答案】C 【原文】W: People read my books because more than 60% of Americans are overweight, and other countries are facing similar problems. M: Basically, we all want to know how to fix things. Q: Which of the following is most likely to be the topic of the woman’s book? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following passage 11．A．Healthy diets. B．Good sleep quality. C．Cost efficiency. D．Sense of safety. 12．A．They are equipped with computers. B．They are technology-supported. C．They can keep weather records. D．They have several electricity panels. 13．A．Delivering food to those who need it. B．Taking friends anywhere in the world. C．Streaming videos of their new way of life. D．Meeting the basic needs of people in remote areas. 14．A．It is acceptable. B．It is expensive. C．It is out of date. D．It is problematic. 【答案】11．C 12．B 13．C 14．A 【原文】W: So, I’ve been thinking, this summer holiday, I’d like to try renting a motorhome and exploring a bit more. M: A motorhome? You mean to spend the summer living in a car? W: Yes, a motorhome. And no, it’s nothing like living in a car. These are proper vehicles with full size beds to sleep in. Some even have kitchens. This way, we wouldn’t have to be locked into one place during our holiday. We’d be able to visit more places and travel at our own pace. We’d probably save a lot of money as well. M: I think my grandfather had a vehicle like that. It doesn’t sound that attractive to me. W: Today’s motorhomes are completely different. These days, they’re equipped with all the modern comforts. I’ve seen quite a few with solar panels that provide electricity when you’re stopped. This way, you can still use your computer or charge your phone. And most even have Wi-Fi, so if the weather’s not great, you could stream videos. M: I’m warming up to the idea. Keep talking. W: Loads of people are committing to this trend full time. Check it out online. Lots of people stream videos of their alternative lifestyles and actually earn a salary. Imagine having that kind of freedom to go anywhere you want and work from anywhere in the world. M: Okay, we can consider it. As long as the basic needs like toilet and showers are covered, I’m definitely in. Do you think there will be enough room for my mountain bike? What about food delivery? Will we be able to order to the motorhome? Will there be enough space for the dog? We wouldn’t want to leave him behind. W: Slow down.Glad you’re excited about it. Let’s start by looking at what’s available first. 11.According to the woman, what benefit does travelling in a motorhome bring? 12.Which of the following is a feature of today’s motorhomes? 13.According to the woman, how do lots of people earn a salary with their motorhomes? 14.What is the man’s attitude towards a motorhome at the end of the conversation? 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 15．A．Being generous. B．Listing household duties. C．Following the roommate’s advice. D．Establishing rules. 16．A．To push him or her to clean it next time. B．To prevent friction. C．To go through a hard time gracefully. D．To show your kindness. 17．A．Doing time machine experiments is unsafe. B．Nobody can bear the loud sound at late night. C．Communication is key to living together in peace. D．It is better to keep awkward experiences as a secret. 【答案】15．D 16．D 17．C 【原文】Today we’re going to talk about how to be or have a roommate. Here are three tips. Tip 1:Set rules early on, right before you start to live under one roof. Who buys garbage bags? Who takes out the rubbish from the kitchen and the bathroom? Are there Phone zones? Tip 2:Be generous. Listen, people is people, and when two people live in a closed space, there’s going to be some friction. So every once in a while, do things that aren’t expected of you. For example, maybe clean the bathroom for your roommate when he or she is having a stressful time at school or work. This isn’t about being a pushover. It’s about giving the other person a bit of the same grace that you’d like him or her to give to you. Tip 3:Keep the lines of communication open. You may assume that your roommate is okay with all the late night explosions coming from your room because of your time machine experiments, but it never hurts to tell him or her beforehand. It might be an awkward conversation, but here’s an adulthood secret: awkwardness and unsafety are often the price of admission to make things more awesome. 15.What docs the speaker suggest doing before people start to have a roommate? 16.Why does the speaker suggest your cleaning the bathroom for your roommate under pressure? 17.What can we learn from Tip 3? Questions 18 through 20 are bused on the following conversation. 18．A．Why we need to write down our plans. B．Why some tasks or responsibilities matter. C．Why it is necessary to spare time for handwriting. D．Why we should let go of some unimportant things. 19．A．Be more motivated at work. B．Reconsider the value of a task. C．Fulfill our commitment to the community. D．Raise our awareness of social responsibility. 20．A．Giving them up. B．Assigning them to others. C．Typing them down. D．Adding to their meaningfulness. 【答案】18．A 19．B 20．A 【原文】I’m always asked this question: in the digital age, why is it necessary to make plans by writing them down by hand? Well, even though it’s much easier and faster to type, writing enables us to slow down, which helps us pause before we proceed. It gives us just enough time to ask a really important question: “ Is this task or responsibility even worth the effort it will take to write down?” If the answer is yes, then this choice provides with an opportunity to recommit to your task or responsibility. This means that you have to think about why it’s important and remains meaningful, and that awareness can be really motivating. On the other hand, if the answer is no, which means something is not important enough for the time it takes to write down, then chances are ,it’s not adding a lot of value to your life. It’s probably just a distraction and you can let it go. 18.What is the speaker mainly talking about? 19.According to the speaker, what does the pause before we proceed enable us to do? 20.What does the speaker suggest doing with the tasks not worth writing down? II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. （新题材）The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, 21 (take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves 22 (grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, 23 gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade 24 extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants 25 they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain 26 (fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once 27 (stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding 28 (require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost 29 can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. 30 shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. 【答案】 21．take 22．growing 23．which 24．on/for/during/amid 25．wherever/where 26．to fill 27．stuffed 28．is required 29．anything/everything 30．Whatever/What 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了容器园艺的好处。 21．考查祈使句。句意：如果是这种情况，请考虑进行容器园艺。前文If引导条件从句，从句中使用一般现在时，主句用祈使句。故填take。 22．考查非谓语动词。句意：这种方法是把植物种在花盆和容器里，而不是在地里。involve后接动名词作宾语。故填growing。 23．考查定语从句关系词。句意：事实上，一个阳光充足的室内厨房窗台非常适合种植一些小植物，它可以让你在准备食物时轻松获取草药和蔬菜。空格后面的句子“gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals”是非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文的整个句子，因此使用关系代词which。故填which。 24．考查介词。句意：或者你可以在极热的天气里把植物移到阴凉处。 “on + 时间”表示“在某一天、某天晚上、某天早上等”的情况下。也可用用for“因为”或during“在……期间”或amid“在……过程中”故填on/for/during/amid。 25．考查状语从句。句意：容器可以让你把植物放在它们生长最佳的地方。空处引导地点状语从句，用连词wherever/where。故填wherever/where。 26．考查非谓语动词。句意：有了容器，你几乎肯定会用肥沃的土壤填满它们。be certain to do something是固定用法，表示有把握做某事。故填to fill。 27．考查状语从句的省略。句意：一旦装满，大容器就会变得很重。本句为Once引导状语从句的省略，还原后为：Once large containers are stuffed，省略了主语和be动词，用过去分词表被动。故填stuffed。 28．考查时态和语态。句意：一个最大的好处是，几乎不需要除草。空格处在句子中作谓语，陈述客观事实，为一般现在时，且little or no weeding与require为被动关系。故填is required。 29．考查代词。句意：人们也喜欢几乎所有东西/任何东西都可以用作容器这一事实。根据句意可知，不定代词anything或者everything做主语。故填anything/everything。 30．考查主语从句。句意：能展示你的园艺技能和创造力的是一个容器花园。空格处引导主语从句，从句缺少主语，用连接词whatever/what。符合句意。故填Whatever/What。 Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present   B．accomplishment   C． plug   D．household   E. defeated F. significant   G. diagnose   H. addicts   I. amateur   J. alerted   K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of 31 in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n) 32 , a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to 33 their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us 34 a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer 35 who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to 36 door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to 37 the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed 38 weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was 39 , easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were 40 not all of them responded.) 【答案】 31．B 32．I 33．A 34．K 35．H 36．D 37．C 38．F 39．E 40．J 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了DefCon黑客大会上，黑客通过挑战安全系统寻找漏洞，并向相关行业反馈以提升安全性。 31．考查名词。句意：最初，你会得到一种成功感。根据句中“locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in”可知，此处表示被锁在家外面之后破门而入，获得了成功的感觉，空处应用名词accomplishment，sense of accomplishment表示“成就感，成功感”。故选B。 32．考查名词。句意：但随后令人担忧的是，如果你能以外行的身份闯入自己的地方，那么专业人士的速度可能会快五倍。根据句中“a professional could do so five times faster”可知，此处表示作为外行，与专业人士的速度进行对比，空处应用名词amateur，表示“业余爱好者，外行”。故选I。 33．考查动词。句意：每年，充满激情的黑客都会在拉斯维加斯的DefCon大会上见面，展示他们的知识和能力。根据句中“passionate hackers meet at DefCon”可知，此处表示黑客在DefCon黑客大会上见面，他们会展示自己的知识和能力，空处应用动词present，表示“展示”。故选A。 34．考查动词。句意：提到“黑客”这个词，我们中的许多人都会想象一个17岁的怪人坐在卧室里，非法侵入五角大楼的美国国防机密。根据句中“a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼)”可知，此处表示提到黑客时许多人想象的场景，空处应用动词picture ，表示“想象”。故选K。 35．考查名词。句意：这些人喜欢寻找安全漏洞的挑战：无法改掉这个习惯的电脑成瘾者。根据句中“who can’t break the habit”可知，此处表示无法改掉这个习惯，也就是对电脑成瘾的人，空处应用名词addicts，表示“瘾君子，对……入迷的人”。故选H。 36．考查形容词。句意：他们非常小心地查看各种系统，从互联网到移动通信再到家用门锁。根据句中“door locks”以及语境可知，此处表示家用门锁，空处应用形容词household ，表示“家庭的，家用的”。故选D。 37．考查动词。句意：通过这样做，他们为我们所有人提供了很好的服务，因为他们将他们的发现传递给设计这些系统的行业，然后这些行业能够填补安全漏洞。根据句中“they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems”以及语境可知，此处表示黑客将自己的发现传递给使用各种系统的行业，所以这些行业会填补安全漏洞，空处应用动词plug，表示“填入，填补”。故选C。 38．考查形容词。句意：但当谈到更现代的设备时，演讲者揭示了几个品牌的机电锁的重大弱点。根据前句“one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock”以及本句中“weaknesses”可知，最安全的锁之一是一把有4000年历史的埃及锁，所以此处应表示现代设备中，几个品牌的机电锁的显著缺点，空处应用形容词significant，表示“显著的”。故选F。 39．考查动词。句意：一个使用指纹扫描进入的生物锁很容易被一个回形针击败。根据句中“easily, by a paper clip”可知，此处表示指纹锁很容易被一个回形针击败，空处应用动词defeated，表示“击败”。故选E。 40．考查动词。句意：不幸的是，尽管所有不安全锁的制造商都收到了警报，但并非所有制造商都做出了回应。根据上文中“the presenters revealed __8__ weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks”可推知，此处表示不安全锁的制造商收到警报，空处应用动词alerted，表示“使……警觉”。故选J。 III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context （社会热点）Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 41 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 42 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 43 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 44 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 45 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 46 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 47 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 48 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 49 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 50 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 51 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 52 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 53 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 54 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 55 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 41．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 42．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 43．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 44．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 45．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 46．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 47．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 48．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 49．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 50．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 51．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 52．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 53．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 54．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 55．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment 【答案】 41．D 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．C 50．A 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．B 55．D 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了敦煌莫高窟的管理人员正试图通过创新措施，既可以让游客探索该遗址又可以保护其壁画。 41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：敦煌研究院敦煌石窟监测中心主任王小伟表示，沙尘暴、降雨和游客的到访是对这一联合国教科文组织世界遗产最严重的威胁。A. shortages短缺；B. restrictions限制；C. contributions贡献；D. threats威胁。根据空格前的“Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits”以及常识可知，沙尘暴、降雨和游客参观这些因素会对文化遗产构成威胁。故选D项。 42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：自1979年莫高窟向公众开放以来，游客数量以年均20%左右的速度增长，2019年达到215万人次。A. doubling使加倍；B. growing增加；C. continuing继续；D. varying变化。根据空格后的“at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019”和该段最后一句“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals”可知，此处表示游客的数量在增加。故选B项。 43．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“如果你在旅游高峰的7、8、9月份进入洞穴，你会发现呼吸困难，”王说。A. cultural文化的；B. previous先前的；C. peak高峰时期的；D. commercial商业的。根据下文的“you’ll find it hard to breathe”和该段最后一句“The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said.”以及常识可知，只有在旅游高峰期，游客变多时，人们才会出现呼吸困难的情况，人们呼出的潮气才会增加。故选C项。 44．考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了保护洞穴，参观的时间是有限的，有时在下雨或沙尘暴期间停止。A. limited限制；B. extended延伸；C. publicized公布，公开；D. concealed隐藏。根据上文的“To preserve the caves”可知，此处表示为了保护洞穴，对参观的时间进行了限制。故选A项。 45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说，为了确保游客在限制措施实施时不会失望，该中心提供了一个数字展览。A. confused困惑的；B. amazed惊奇的；C. scared害怕的；D. disappointed失望的。根据下文的“when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition”可知，在游览时间受限制时，为游客提供数字展览，这是为了不让游客失望。故选D项。 46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，该中心正在扩建，在现有6000名游客的基础上再容纳3000名游客。A. expanded扩展；B. constructed建造；C. decorated装饰；D. repaired修复。根据下文的“accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000”可知，此处表示通过扩建，使得可容纳游客的数量再增加3000人。故选A项。 47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：30多年前，敦煌研究院开始对壁画和彩绘雕塑的图像进行数字化记录和存储。A. exclusively单独地，仅仅；B. digitally数字地；C. subjectively主观地；D. autonomously自主地。根据下文的“recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures”和“The digitization project”可知，此处指的是进行数字化记录和存储。故选B项。 48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：该数字化项目已经成功覆盖了200多个洞穴，目前有110名专家负责这项工作。A. clarified澄清；B. highlighted突出显示，强调；C. covered覆盖，包括；D. strategized制定战略。根据上文的“recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures”和“The digitization project”可知，此处指的是数字化项目覆盖的洞穴。故选C项。 49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：中科院文化遗产数字化研究所副所长丁晓生表示：“数字技术不仅为文化旅游服务，还为后代留下了一份历史记录。A. comes across遇到；B. turns over翻转；C. leaves behind留下；D. lets alone更不用说。根据下文的“for future generations”可知，此处指的是为后代留下一份历史记录。故选C项。 50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：据敦煌研究院院长苏伯民介绍，数字化还将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。A. global全球的；B. professional专业的；C. technological技术的；D. different不同的。根据该段最后一句“However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.(然而，通过数字化，我们可以完美地复制敦煌艺术并在世界范围内展示，将东方文化介绍给世界)”可知，数字化将莫高窟的奇观带给了全球观众。故选A项。 51．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“莫高窟是不可移动的，运输它们是不可能的，”苏说。A. complicated复杂的；B. irreproducible不能复制的；C. controversial有争议的；D. immovable不可移动的。根据下文的“transporting them is impossible”以及常识可知，莫高窟是不可能移动的。故选D项。 52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：2016年，数字敦煌上线，分享了全球最美丽的30个洞穴的高清图像和虚拟之旅。A. virtual虚拟的；B. temporary临时的；C. conventional常规的；D. steady稳定的。根据上文的“In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images”可知，数字敦煌上线，提供的是虚拟旅行。故选A项。 53．考查动词词义辨析。句意：目前，来自78个国家的游客参观了这些壁画，共计超过1680万人次。A. imitated模仿；B. accessed访问；C. praised赞美；D. purchased购买。根据上文的“In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 　12　tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally.”可知，数字敦煌上线，提供了虚拟旅行，其他国家的游客在网上就可以参观莫高窟的壁画。故选B项。 54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：苏说，敦煌可以通过其遗迹提供多样化的文化交流。A. reject拒绝；B. provide提供；C. adjust调整；D. classify分类。根据下文的“By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 　15　 to diverse cultural exchanges”可知，敦煌通过其遗迹提供了多样化的文化交流，让全世界的人了解敦煌文化。故选B项。 55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他说：“通过将这些遗迹数字化，我们可以让世界人民了解敦煌文化，从而更深刻地理解中国在历史上致力于多元文化交流的理念，即包容、互学、共享命运。”A. adaptation适应；B. attention注意；C. admission承认，供认；D. commitment投入，奉献。根据下文的“that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future”可知，此处指的是中国一直致力于多元文化的交流。故选D项。 Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Soap bubbles (泡泡) are like little floating wonders. They’re light, delicate, and full of surprises. And, of course, they shine with beautiful colours! But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble’s colours lies in its thin film. The outer surface reflects light, and so does the inner surface. Light moves like a wave in this situation. Just like ripples (涟漪) on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far, so good — this process can create many colours. But where’s my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow. However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet (紫色). But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. The violet wave ripples four times before exiting, while the red wave ripples three times. Yet, by the time they leave the bubble, they meet. Pink seems like a single colour, but it doesn’t actually exist in the rainbow — our brains create it by mixing red and violet. If the bubble’s surface becomes slightly thinner, the red and violet waves cancel each other out, leaving only green, which is a real rainbow colour. As the film gets even thinner, red and green appear together (both rippling about twice), but blue disappears, so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin — just one or two light wavelengths thick. This means there are only a few possible colour combinations, and red alone isn’t one of them. So, no red bubbles for me. It might be frustrating to hear, “That’s just how it is,” but in this case, I don’t mind. Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. 56．Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by ______. A．combining into stronger light B．either adding together or reducing each other C．absorbing each other to make a single colour D．passing through the bubble without changing 57．Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A．Red light always mixes with other colours. B．Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble’s surface. C．The bubble’s surface absorbs red light completely. D．The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 58．What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A．It’s nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B．It’s good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C．It’s sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D．It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way. 59．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why light is so appealing. B．How soap bubbles are made. C．How light creates wonders in nature. D．Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. 【答案】56．B 57．A 58．B 59．D 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是肥皂泡呈现颜色的原理，以及为什么我们看不到某些颜色（如红色）的肥皂泡。 56．细节理解题。根据第二段“Just like ripples on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. (就像池塘里的涟漪一样，从内部反射出来的光线会多走一段距离，可能与从外部反射出来的光线相遇，也可能不相遇。如果这两股波浪相互增强，那么那个波长的颜色就会变得可见。)”可知，从气泡的外层和内层反射的光通过加或减相互作用。故选B。 57．推理判断题。根据第四段“However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet. But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. (然而，我们不能单独看到它们，因为肥皂膜的厚度经常会产生混合的颜色。有趣的是，增强红色的厚度也增强了紫色。但我们看不到两者，只看到粉红色。)”可知，我们从来没有看到一个完美的红色肥皂泡是因为红光总是和其他颜色混在一起。故选A。 58．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. (每个肥皂泡都遵循同样的规则，不管它是在哪里或如何制造的。实际上，看到宇宙以如此一致的方式运行是令人欣慰的。粉色和绿色泡泡是大自然的设计。)”可知，作者在最后一段提出的观点是自然界遵循明确的科学规则是件好事。故选B。 59．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段“But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? (但如果你仔细观察，你会发现一些奇怪的事情——气泡显示粉红色、绿色、黄色，有时是蓝色，但其他颜色在哪里？为什么我们看不到鲜红色、深紫色或暖橙色在空中飘浮？)”可知，本文主要讲的是肥皂泡呈现颜色的原理，以及为什么我们看不到某些颜色（如红色）的肥皂泡，因此D选项“Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. (为什么有些颜色不出现在肥皂泡里。)”是文章的主旨。故选D。 B Li Lin, a senior high 3 student, is preparing an argumentative essay on sea exploration. He has collected some texts for reference, two of which are shown below for his writing. Text 1Exploring the sea usually means exploiting it, which has caused numerous problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons (加仑) of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also harmful, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is damaging, especially in the Arctic. Climate change has led to less ice, which means we can look for more fossil fuels(化石燃料) further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more, thus worsening this negative cycle. Whales and dolphins are also overfished for their meat or for research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. The sea stretches out immeasurably but it is more sensitive than we think. If we don’t protect it, future generations will not forgive us. Text 2To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration matters to the future. Gaining more insights into the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may enable us to discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may provide hints of events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. The related environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we can have more options for managing this balance. 60．Which of the following can be inferred from the texts? A．Plastic pollution has directly contributed to the melting of Arctic ice. B．Logging new species could lead to advancements in medicine and food production. C．Overfishing has been completely stopped due to international bans introduced in 1982. D．The population growth worldwide has reduced the need for deep-sea resources. 61．Before writing, Li Lin puts forward some questions. Which question CAN NOT Li Lin find the answer to from the texts? A．What’s the purpose of sea exploration? B．How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea? C．What benefits can sea exploration bring to other research fields? D．What can we do to balance environmental protection and sea exploration? 62．If Li Lin is determined to write an essay based on opinions from both texts, which of the following will most probably be the central theme of his essay? A．Ways to improve the efficiency of sea development. B．Technological breakthroughs in sea exploration. C．Balance between the impact of sea exploration and its benefits. D．Appeal to protect the sea from unsustainable exploration. 【答案】60．B 61．D 62．C 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕海洋探索的利弊进行了讨论，提出了正反两方的观点。文本1主要阐述了海洋探索可能带来的问题，如污染、资源破坏等，并强调了保护海洋的重要性。文本2则强调了海洋探索对于了解地球、管理资源以及寻找新资源的重要性，并提出了在环境风险与经济需求之间寻求平衡的观点。 60．推理判断题。根据文章文本2中的“It may enable us to discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy.(这可能使我们能够发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。)”可知，记录新物种可能有助于我们发现新药以及新的食物和能源来源，因此可以推断出记录新物种可能推动医学和食品生产的发展。故选B。 61．细节理解题。根据文章文本1中“ More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons (加仑) of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also harmful, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is damaging, especially in the Arctic. Climate change has led to less ice, which means we can look for more fossil fuels (化石燃料) further north. (更多的勘探意味着更多的污染。2010年，“深水地平线”钻井平台向海中泄漏了超过2亿加仑的石油。塑料污染也是有害的，杀死了许多鸟类和鱼类，甚至在我们的自来水中也发现了塑料污染。资源开采是破坏性的，尤其是在北极地区。气候变化导致冰层减少，这意味着我们可以在更北的地方寻找更多的化石燃料)”文章文本2中的“Gaining more insights into the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may enable us to discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may provide hints of events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. The related environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we can have more options for managing this balance.(更多地了解海洋也将帮助我们更好地管理海洋资源。采伐新物种将增进我们对地球上生命的了解。它可能使我们发现新的药物，以及新的食物和能源来源。进入深海可能会提供地震等事件的线索。世界人口在增长，我们需要新的资源来发展未来。海底和冰层下可能蕴藏着大量的资源，不仅有石油和天然气，还有宝贵的矿物。相关的环境风险应与经济需求相平衡。希望随着技术的进步，我们可以有更多的选择来管理这种平衡。)”可知，文本虽然提到了海洋探索可能带来的环境问题，海洋探索的目的以及探索海洋的益处，但并未明确提出如何平衡这两者。由此可知，选项D“What can we do to balance environmental protection and sea exploration?( 我们如何平衡环境保护和海洋探索？)”这个问题不能从文本中找到直接答案。故选D。 62．推理判断题。根据文章内容可知，文本1主要阐述了海洋探索可能带来的问题，如污染、资源破坏等，并强调了保护海洋的重要性。文本2则强调了海洋探索对于了解地球、管理资源以及寻找新资源的重要性，并提出了在环境风险与经济需求之间寻求平衡的观点。因此，平衡这两方面的关系成为了文本的核心主题。由此可知，如果李琳决定根据两篇文本中的观点写一篇文章，那么文章的中心主题最有可能是选项C“Balance between the impact of sea exploration and its benefits. (海洋探索的影响与其带来的利益之间的平衡)”。故选C。 C The phrase “coin toss” is a classic equivalent to randomness. But since at least the 18th century, mathematicians have suspected that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D．candidate at the University of Amsterdam, became fascinated by this challenge four years ago. He couldn’t round up enough volunteers to investigate it at first. “Nobody was stupid enough to spend a couple of weekends tossing coins,” he says. But after he began his Ph.D．studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers (many of them friends and fellow students) from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin tossing later, the team had performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows statisticians to conclude that the nearly one percent bias isn’t a fluke. “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a one percent bias isn’t perceptible with just a few coin tosses, says another statistician who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any doubt that still exists regarding the coin toss’s slim bias. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot. 63．Why was it difficult to prove the tiny bias in coin tosses? A．Because it required a large number of trials and loads of tests. B．Because few scientists and researchers were interested in this topic. C．Because scientists lacked the ability and technique to conduct this study. D．Because previous researches failed many times and scientists lost confidence. 64．The meaning of the underlined word fluke in paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that ______. A．happens by accident B．can be planned in advance C．occurs under specific conditions D．can be gained by practice 65．What can we imply from the last paragraph? A．This one percent bias matters little in real life. B．We should rely on this one percent bias to help us. C．Though unnoticeable, we may still take advantage of this bias. D．Relying on the one percent bias to win a coin-toss match is unfair. 66．What is the best title of this passage? A．Risk-takers? Experts recommend coin-toss matches. B．Luck or Maths? Here’re some tips on tossing coins. C．Coin collectors? There’re stories behind each coin. D．Heads or Tails? Research suggests it’s not 50-50. 【答案】63．A 64．A 65．C 66．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了掷硬币存在偏差，难以证明是因为它需要大量的试验和大量的测试。文章介绍了关于掷硬币正反面概率的研究以及发现。 63．细节理解题。根据第一段“Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare.(然而，要证明这种微小的偏差，需要数十万次仔细记录的抛硬币，这使得实验室测试成为一场噩梦)”可知，很难证明抛硬币时的微小偏差因为它需要大量的试验和大量的测试。故选A。 64．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time.(根据之前的研究结果，被扔出的硬币落地时，50.8%的情况下与抛硬币前的一面朝上)”以及后文““We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Bartoš says.(巴尔托夫斯基说:“我们可以非常肯定，在这个数据集之后，投掷硬币是有偏见的。”)”可知，之前的研究结果让统计学家认为近1%的偏差不是偶然发生的。故划线词意思是“偶然发生”。故选A。 65．推理判断题。根据最后一段“It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot.(要防止这种偏差影响你的掷硬币比赛并不难；在抛硬币之前隐藏硬币的起始位置就可以达到这个效果。或者，你也可以把硬币放在手掌之间摇晃，这样就完全不用扔硬币了。但是，如果你的朋友没有意识到这种微小的偏差，你也可以从你的微小优势中受益。毕竟，51%的赔率已经很大了)”可知，虽然不明显，但我们仍然可以利用这种偏差。故选C。 66．主旨大意题。根据第四段“The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top.(2007年，统计学家Persi Diaconis和他的同事进行了一项物理研究，他们的计算预测了51%的同侧偏差，这是解释这种微妙优势的主要理论。从一枚硬币被抛向空中的那一刻起，它在空中的整个轨迹——包括它是正面还是反面落地——都可以用力学定律计算出来。研究人员确定，硬币在空气中几乎不绕其对称轴转动；相反，他们倾向于不稳定地偏离中心，这导致他们在空中花更多的时间，他们最初的“向上”的一面在上面)”结合文章主要说明了掷硬币存在偏差，难以证明是因为它需要大量的试验和大量的测试。文章介绍了关于掷硬币正反面概率的研究以及发现。可知，D选项“正面还是反面？研究表明，这并不是五五开”最符合文章标题。故选D。 Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. 67 Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. 68 The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. 69 Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. 70 She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ” A．However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B．Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C．Deutscher’s most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D．Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E．The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F．She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. 【答案】67．E 68．B 69．D 70．A 【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要说明了一位11岁的英国作曲家阿尔玛·多伊彻因为其音乐天赋被人称为“小莫扎特”。 67．根据后文“Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere.(灰姑娘是一位作曲家，多伊彻形容她“有点像我”。多伊彻说，《灰姑娘》和其他作品背后的很多音乐灵感都是在她心不在焉的时候产生的)”可知，本句主要介绍这部作品的信息，结合后文提到了灰姑娘，可知作品与灰姑娘有关。故E选项“这部作品改编了灰姑娘的童话故事，故事发生在一个由刻薄的继母统治的歌剧院里”符合语境，故选E。 68．根据上文“During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind.(在接受美国全国广播公司《今日秀》采访时，她解释说，试图随心所欲地创作优美的旋律往往会导致大脑一片空白)”可知，上文提到她试图随心所欲地创作优美的旋律，本句为本段最后一句，主要说明她是如何创作这些旋律的。故B选项“有趣的是，她经常在意想不到的时刻突然听到优美的旋律”符合语境，故选B。 69．根据上文“The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages.(歌剧全长两个半小时，乐谱长达237页)”以及后文“Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody.(多伊彻说，王子不得不问谁的脚适合这只鞋，这没有多大意义。很多人可能都有同样大小的脚，但只有一个人能写出那样的旋律)”可知，后文提到王子询问鞋子的主人没有意义，推测本句是在说明王子真正寻找的事物是旋律。故D选项“王子找的不是童话里的水晶鞋，而是一段他不太记得的旋律”符合语境，故选D。 70．根据上文“Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online.(指挥家西蒙·拉特尔宣称，当他第一次看到她的表演时，他“完全被震撼了”，但斯蒂芬·弗莱在网上观看了她的表演视频后，第一个预测道，多伊彻可能成为这一代人的莫扎特)”以及后文“She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ”(她说：“我非常喜欢莫扎特。他可能是我最喜欢的作曲家，但我真的不喜欢别人叫我‘小莫扎特小姐’，因为我不喜欢别人叫我‘小’。我块头很大，其次，如果我把莫扎特写的所有东西都重写一遍，那就太无聊了。”)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出这个孩子并不喜欢别人把她和莫扎特进行比较。故A选项“然而，这个11岁的孩子并不是特别喜欢这样的比较”符合语境，故选A。 IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.(52 words) 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章以柴可夫斯基为例，引出创造性追求能缓解负面情绪的主题。接着通过神经科学研究解释创造力如何降低焦虑。最后提供了一种根据个人性格和偏好选择适合自己创造性活动的方法。 【详解】1. 要点摘录 ①He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” ②Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. ③Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. ④Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. ⑤This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. ⑥One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. 2. 缜密构思 将第1、2两个要点进行重组，将第3、4、5三个要点进行整合。将第6要点进行重组。 3. 遣词造句 Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality. 【点睛】[高分句型1]His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. 用并列句概括了第二和第三段内容。 [高分句型2]The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.用动名词作宾语，概括了最后一段内容。 V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72．面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。(hesitate)(汉译英) 【答案】Facing injustice, he didn’t hesitate to step forward and defend justice. 【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。根据所给中文句子，“他”作主语，译为“he”，“毫不犹豫”根据题干用hesitate，应是固定搭配：don’t hesitate to do意为“毫不犹豫做某事”，描述已发生的事，用一般过去时，“挺身而出”译为“step forward”，“捍卫正义”意为“defend justice”，“面对不公”译为“face injustice”，和逻辑主语he之间是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故译为：Facing injustice, he didn’t hesitate to step forward and defend justice. 73．她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(no telling) (汉译英) 【答案】She has a great talent for painting, and there is no telling what masterpieces will come next. 【详解】考查时态及宾语从句。句子描述了客观事实，主句应用一般现在时态。主语“她”应用She；表示“极有绘画天赋”短语为has a great talent for painting；并列句用连词and连接；“不知”可以翻译为“there is no telling”；后面为what引导的宾语从句，主语“何等佳作”可翻译为what masterpieces；根据句意，宾语从句时态为一般将来时，情态动词用will；“面世”可翻译为will come next。故整句翻译为She has a great talent for painting, and there is no telling what masterpieces will come next。 74．设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求，又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) (汉译英) 【答案】The designer integrated sustainable ideas into the restoration of historical buildings, ensuring that the building not only meets environmental requirements but also retains its cultural heritage. 【详解】考查短语和时态。主语为单数名词designer；表示“将……融入……”短语为integrate sth. into…；表示“可持续理念”为sustainable ideas；表示“历史建筑的修缮”为the restoration of historical buildings；表示“确保”用动词ensure，与designer构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，后跟that引导宾语从句；主语为the building；表示“不仅……而且……”句型为not only…but also…；表示“符合环保要求”翻译为meet environmental requirements；表示“保留其文化底蕴”为retains its cultural heritage。主句为一般过去时，描述过去的事情；宾语从句为一般现在时，表示性质。故翻译为The designer integrated sustainable ideas into the restoration of historical buildings, ensuring that the building not only meets environmental requirements but also retains its cultural heritage. 75．在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见的精神障碍。(whose) (汉译英) 【答案】In the 1990s, this disease, whose complexity once led to its misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness, is now recognized as a rare mental disorder. 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。句中“因其复杂性”根据题干要求，用定语从句表达，其中“其复杂性”翻译为“whose complexity”；“曾被误诊为流感类疾病”用“once led to misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness”表示，使用一般过去时；“如今人们已经认识到”用“is now recognized as”表示，使用现在时态，表述一种现状；“在90年代”翻译为“In the 1990s”；“一种罕见的精神障碍”用“a rare mental disorder”表达。故译为：In the 1990s, this disease, whose complexity once led to its misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness, is now recognized as a rare mental disorder. VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是未来中学的高三学生小星，正在完成一份英语学科的跨文化研习课题。请根据以下给出的报告提纲，撰写一篇文章阐述研究所得。 Festivals in China and Western Countries Reporter: Xiao Xing Steps 1. Choose one typical festival from each of China and Western Countries. 2. Compare the two festivals in at least two aspects, whether in common or different. (Such as the cultural background, ways to celebrate, etc.) 3. Analyze why these features are in common or different. 4. Find commonalities or differences between Chinese and Western cultures the festivals reflect. (if any, or can be omitted) Main Text ………… ………… ………… _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 Festivals in China and Western Countries Reporter: Xiao Xing In my cross-cultural study on festivals, I have chosen the Spring Festival in China and Christmas in Western countries for comparison. The Spring Festival signifies the beginning of a new year and the hope for a bountiful harvest. It is celebrated with family reunions, fireworks, and red envelopes which are filled with money. In contrast, Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Westerners decorate trees, exchange gifts, and enjoy a feast with family and friends. These differences arise from the distinct cultural and religious backgrounds of China and the West. Chinese culture emphasizes family unity and respect for ancestors, while Western culture focuses more on individuality and religious beliefs. Despite these differences, both festivals highlight the importance of family gatherings and the sharing of blessings. Through this comparison, I’ve observed that while Chinese and Western cultures vary in many ways, they also share a common appreciation for family bonds and festive celebrations. 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生根据给定的提纲，选择中国和西方国家各一个典型节日，从至少两个方面进行对比，分析异同原因，并探讨节日所反映的中西文化的共性或差异。 【详解】1.词汇积累 选择：choose → select 对比：comparison → contrast 意味着：signify → imply 尽管：despite → in spite of 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：Despite these differences, both festivals highlight the importance of family gatherings and the sharing of blessings. 拓展句：Although there are these differences, both festivals highlight the importance of family gatherings and the sharing of blessings. 【点睛】【高分句型1】It is celebrated with family reunions, fireworks, and red envelopes which are filled with money.(运用了which引导的定语从句) 【高分句型2】Through this comparison, I’ve observed that while Chinese and Western cultures vary in many ways, they also share a common appreciation for family bonds and festive celebrations.(运用了that引导的宾语从句和while引导的让步状语从句) 2 / 2 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 参考答案 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） I． Listening Comprehension （25%） 题号 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 答案 A A D C D C B D C C 题号 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 答案 C B C A D D C A B A II．Grammar and Vocabulary （20%） Section A 21．take 22．growing 23．which 24．on/for/during/amid 25．wherever/where 26．to fill 27．stuffed 28．is required 29．anything/everything 30．Whatever/What Section B 31．B 32．I 33．A 34．K 35．H 36．D 37．C 38．F 39．E 40．J III．Reading Comprehension （45%） Section A 41．D 42．B 43．C 44．A 45．D 46．A 47．B 48．C 49．C 50．A 51．D 52．A 53．B 54．B 55．D Section B 56．B 57．A 58．B 59．D 60．B 61．D 62．C 63．A 64．A 65．C 66．D Section C 67．E 68．B 69．D 70．A IV．概要写作（10%） Tchaikovsky found temporary relief from his sadness and anxiety through innovation. His way still works today and neuroscientists uncover the mechanism behind it. Creative activities are as beneficial as meditation--they stimulate the same brain part. The author suggests categorizing innovative activities and then finding the most suitable one for our personality.(52 words) V. Translation （15%） 72．Facing injustice, he didn’t hesitate to step forward and defend justice. 73．She has a great talent for painting, and there is no telling what masterpieces will come next. 74．The designer integrated sustainable ideas into the restoration of historical buildings, ensuring that the building not only meets environmental requirements but also retains its cultural heritage. 75．In the 1990s, this disease, whose complexity once led to its misdiagnosis as a flu-like illness, is now recognized as a rare mental disorder. VI. Guided Writing （25%） One possible version: Festivals in China and Western Countries Reporter: Xiao Xing In my cross-cultural study on festivals, I have chosen the Spring Festival in China and Christmas in Western countries for comparison. The Spring Festival signifies the beginning of a new year and the hope for a bountiful harvest. It is celebrated with family reunions, fireworks, and red envelopes which are filled with money. In contrast, Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ. Westerners decorate trees, exchange gifts, and enjoy a feast with family and friends. These differences arise from the distinct cultural and religious backgrounds of China and the West. Chinese culture emphasizes family unity and respect for ancestors, while Western culture focuses more on individuality and religious beliefs. Despite these differences, both festivals highlight the importance of family gatherings and the sharing of blessings. Through this comparison, I’ve observed that while Chinese and Western cultures vary in many ways, they also share a common appreciation for family bonds and festive celebrations. 2 / 29 1 / 29 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… 此卷只装订不密封 ………………○………………内………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… ………………○………………外………………○………………装………………○………………订………………○………………线………………○……………… … 学校：______________姓名：_____________班级：_______________考号：______________________ 2026年高考第一次模拟考试（上海卷） 英语 （考试时间：120分钟 试卷满分：140分） 注意事项： 1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。 2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。 I.Listening Comprehension （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分） Section A Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. 1． A．Doctor and patient. B．Teacher and student. C．Policeman and thief. D．Husband and wife. 2． A．At the airport. B．At a subway station. C．At the school gate. D．At a bus stop. 3． A．Cleaning the square. B．Drinking a toast. C．Moving the table. D．Taking photos. 4． A．Excited. B．Satisfied. C．Shocked. D．Uninterested. 5． A．It’s tiny and warm. B．It excites her whenever she walks in. C．It’s too big for one person. D．It is not that satisfactory. 6． A．He wanted to have a more profitable career. B．He was not fit enough as a basketballer then. C．A basketball career typically did not last long. D．It was common for basketballers to change careers. 7． A．Her manager sat next to her at the meeting. B．Her manager didn’t praise her at the meeting. C．The man self-evaluated his annual performance. D．The man didn’t attend the evaluation meeting at all. 8． A．The man feels energetic after the interview. B．The man regards the woman as a good listener. C．The woman wants to try something beyond her capacity. D．The woman is willing to begin from the entry-level position. 9． A．To witness the development of a city. B．To tap her potential well. C．To contribute noticeably to a city. D．To do research on materials. 10． A．Which countries are similar? B．How to fix things? C．How to keep fit? D．Who are facing these problems? Section B Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the short passages and the longer conversation. The short passages and the longer conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard. Questions 11 through 14 are based on the following passage 11．A．Healthy diets. B．Good sleep quality. C．Cost efficiency. D．Sense of safety. 12．A．They are equipped with computers. B．They are technology-supported. C．They can keep weather records. D．They have several electricity panels. 13．A．Delivering food to those who need it. B．Taking friends anywhere in the world. C．Streaming videos of their new way of life. D．Meeting the basic needs of people in remote areas. 14．A．It is acceptable. B．It is expensive. C．It is out of date. D．It is problematic. 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。 15．A．Being generous. B．Listing household duties. C．Following the roommate’s advice. D．Establishing rules. 16．A．To push him or her to clean it next time. B．To prevent friction. C．To go through a hard time gracefully. D．To show your kindness. 17．A．Doing time machine experiments is unsafe. B．Nobody can bear the loud sound at late night. C．Communication is key to living together in peace. D．It is better to keep awkward experiences as a secret. Questions 18 through 20 are bused on the following conversation. 18．A．Why we need to write down our plans. B．Why some tasks or responsibilities matter. C．Why it is necessary to spare time for handwriting. D．Why we should let go of some unimportant things. 19．A．Be more motivated at work. B．Reconsider the value of a task. C．Fulfill our commitment to the community. D．Raise our awareness of social responsibility. 20．A．Giving them up. B．Assigning them to others. C．Typing them down. D．Adding to their meaningfulness. II.Grammar and Vocabulary （每题1分；共20分） Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. （新题材）The benefits of container gardening Do you love gardening, but you don’t have a yard? If that’s the case, 21 (take) container gardening into consideration. This method involves 22 (grow) plants in pots and containers rather than in the ground. Container gardening is a great way to grow flowers, herbs, vegetables, fruit trees and more. There are many advantages to this gardening method. To begin with, you don’t need much space. A roof or any other outdoor area that receives direct sunlight will work. In fact, a sunny, indoor kitchen windowsill(窗沿) is perfect for a few small plants, 23 gives you easy access to herbs and vegetables as you prepare meals. The key is to choose a spot that receives a good deal of sunlight. Unless they’re too big or heavy, containers are portable. This allows you to move your plants inside if necessary. Or you can move your plants into the shade 24 extremely hot days. Containers allow you to place your plants 25 they’ll grow best. With containers, you’re almost certain 26 (fill) them with productive soil. Using a good bag of potting soil that contains the necessary nutrients for your plants is best. Here’s an important tip: Once 27 (stuff), large containers can get heavy. Therefore, it’s best to put them at a proper place before filling them. One of the greatest benefits of container gardening is that little or no weeding 28 (require). For plants in the ground, weeding is sometimes a daily or weekly requirement. People also love the fact that almost 29 can be used as a container. You don’t need expensive pots for containers. Wooden boxes, cans, tea kettles, old shoes and more will work. There’s no end to the number of items that can be used. Just be sure to drill holes in the bottom of your containers for proper water discharge. 30 shows off your green fingers and your creativity is a container garden. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．present   B．accomplishment   C． plug   D．household   E. defeated F. significant   G. diagnose   H. addicts   I. amateur   J. alerted   K. picture A hacker’s life Have you ever locked yourself out of your home and had to try to break in? First, you get a sense of 31 in succeeding. But then comes the worrying realization that if you can break into your own place as a(n) 32 , a professional could do so five times faster. So you look at the weak point in your security and fix it. Well, that’s more or less how the DefCon hackers conference works. Every year passionate hackers meet at DefCon in Las Vegas to 33 their knowledge and capabilities. Mention the word ‘hacker’ and many of us 34 a seventeen-year-old geek (怪人) sitting in their bedroom, illegally hacking into the US’s defence secrets in the Pentagon (五角大楼). Or we just think ‘criminals’. But that is actually a misrepresentation of what most hackers do. The activities and experiments that take place at DefCon have an enormous impact on our daily lives. These are people who love the challenge of finding security gaps: computer 35 who can’t break the habit. They look with great care at all kinds of systems, from the Internet to mobile communications to 36 door locks. And then they try to hack them. In doing so, they are doing all of us a great service, because they pass on their findings to the industries that design these systems, which are then able to 37 the security holes. A typical example of this is when I attended a presentation on electronic door locks. Ironically, one of the most secure locks they demonstrated was a 4,000-year-old Egyptian lock. But when it came to more modern devices, the presenters revealed 38 weaknesses in several brands of electro-mechanical locks. A bio-lock that uses a fingerprint scan for entry was 39 , easily, by a paper clip. (Unfortunately, although all the manufacturers of the insecure locks were 40 not all of them responded.) III.Reading Comprehension (共45分。 41-45每题1分；56-70每题2分) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context （社会热点）Administrators of the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, Gansu Province, are trying to harmonize tourists’ exploration of the site with the need to safeguard the murals (壁画), through innovative measures. Sandstorms, rainfall and tourist visits constitute the most severe 41 to the UNESCO World Heritage Site, said Wang Xiaowei, director of the Dunhuang Grottoes Monitoring Center at the Dunhuang Academy. Since the Mogao Caves opened to the public in 1979, the number of visitors has been 42 at an average annual rate of around 20 percent, reaching 2.15 million in 2019. “If you enter the caves during the 43 tourism months of July, August and September, you’ll find it hard to breathe,” Wang said. The carbon dioxide and moisture (潮气) breathed out by visitors increase inside the caves and cause damage to the murals, Wang said. To preserve the caves, the duration of visits is 44 and sometimes stopped during rain or dust storms. To ensure visitors aren’t 45 when restrictions are in place, the center provides a digital exhibition, he said. Currently, the center is being 46 to accommodate an additional 3,000 visitors on top of the existing capacity of 6,000. The Dunhuang Academy began 47 recording and storing images of murals and painted sculptures over 30 years ago. The digitization project has successfully 48 over 200 caves, with a dedicated team of 110 experts currently undertaking the work. “Digital technology not only serves cultural tourism but also 49 a historical record for future generations,” said Ding Xiaosheng, deputy director of the Institute of Cultural Heritage Digitization at the academy. Digitization also brings the wonders of the Mogao Caves to a 50 audience, according to Su Bomin, head of the Dunhuang Academy. “The Mogao Caves are 51 , and transporting them is impossible,” Su said. “However, with digitization, we can perfectly copy Dunhuang art exactly and show it worldwide, introducing Eastern culture to the world.” In 2016, the Digital Dunhuang went live, sharing high-definition images and 52 tours of the most beautiful 30 caves globally. Currently, visitors from 78 countries have 53 the murals, totaling over 16.8 million visits. Su said Dunhuang can 54 diverse cultural exchanges through its cultural relics (遗迹). “By digitizing these relics, we enable people worldwide to understand Dunhuang’s culture, thereby gaining a deeper appreciation for China’s historical 55 to diverse cultural exchanges — that is, an idea of inclusivity, mutual learning and a shared future,” he said. 41．A．shortages B．restrictions C．contributions D．threats 42．A．doubling B．growing C．continuing D．varying 43．A．cultural B．previous C．peak D．commercial 44．A．limited B．extended C．publicized D．concealed 45．A．confused B．amazed C．scared D．disappointed 46．A．expanded B．constructed C．decorated D．repaired 47．A．exclusively B．digitally C．subjectively D．autonomously 48．A．clarified B．highlighted C．covered D．strategized 49．A．comes across B．turns over C．leaves behind D．lets alone 50．A．global B．professional C．technological D．different 51．A．complicated B．irreproducible C．controversial D．immovable 52．A．virtual B．temporary C．conventional D．steady 53．A．imitated B．accessed C．praised D．purchased 54．A．reject B．provide C．adjust D．classify 55．A．adaptation B．attention C．admission D．commitment Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. A Soap bubbles (泡泡) are like little floating wonders. They’re light, delicate, and full of surprises. And, of course, they shine with beautiful colours! But if you look closely, you’ll notice something odd — bubbles show pink, green, yellow, and sometimes blue, but where are the other colours? Why don’t we see bright red, deep purple, or warm orange floating in the air? The secret behind a bubble’s colours lies in its thin film. The outer surface reflects light, and so does the inner surface. Light moves like a wave in this situation. Just like ripples (涟漪) on a pond, the light reflected from the inside travels a bit farther and may or may not match up with the light reflected from the outside. If the waves strengthen each other, the colour of that wavelength becomes visible. So far, so good — this process can create many colours. But where’s my red bubble? The light waves spreading from the bubble contain all the colours of the rainbow. However, we don’t see them separately because the soap film’s thickness often produces a mix of colours. Interestingly, the thickness that enhances red also enhances violet (紫色). But instead of seeing both, we only see pink. The violet wave ripples four times before exiting, while the red wave ripples three times. Yet, by the time they leave the bubble, they meet. Pink seems like a single colour, but it doesn’t actually exist in the rainbow — our brains create it by mixing red and violet. If the bubble’s surface becomes slightly thinner, the red and violet waves cancel each other out, leaving only green, which is a real rainbow colour. As the film gets even thinner, red and green appear together (both rippling about twice), but blue disappears, so we see yellow instead. We only see colours when the soap film is very thin — just one or two light wavelengths thick. This means there are only a few possible colour combinations, and red alone isn’t one of them. So, no red bubbles for me. It might be frustrating to hear, “That’s just how it is,” but in this case, I don’t mind. Every soap bubble follows the same rules, no matter how or where it’s made. It’s actually comforting to see the universe working in such a consistent way. Pink and green bubbles are simply nature’s design. 56．Light reflected from the outer and inner layers of a bubble interacts by ______. A．combining into stronger light B．either adding together or reducing each other C．absorbing each other to make a single colour D．passing through the bubble without changing 57．Why do we never see a perfectly red soap bubble? A．Red light always mixes with other colours. B．Red is too weak to be seen on a bubble’s surface. C．The bubble’s surface absorbs red light completely. D．The soap in the bubble prevents red light from reflecting. 58．What point does the writer make in the last paragraph? A．It’s nice that the natural world is filled with uncertainties. B．It’s good that the natural world follows clear scientific rules. C．It’s sad that we do nothing to change the colours of soap bubbles. D．It is frustrating to see the soap bubbles working in a consistent way. 59．What is the passage mainly about? A．Why light is so appealing. B．How soap bubbles are made. C．How light creates wonders in nature. D．Why some colours don’t appear in soap bubbles. B Li Lin, a senior high 3 student, is preparing an argumentative essay on sea exploration. He has collected some texts for reference, two of which are shown below for his writing. Text 1Exploring the sea usually means exploiting it, which has caused numerous problems and will continue to cause more. More exploration means more pollution. The Deepwater Horizon spilled over 200 million gallons (加仑) of oil into the sea in 2010. Plastic pollution is also harmful, killing many birds and fish, and has even been found in our tap water. Mining for resources is damaging, especially in the Arctic. Climate change has led to less ice, which means we can look for more fossil fuels(化石燃料) further north. But if we burn these, the ice will melt more, thus worsening this negative cycle. Whales and dolphins are also overfished for their meat or for research. Although this was banned in 1982, some countries are still “murdering” these intelligent creatures without mercy. The sea stretches out immeasurably but it is more sensitive than we think. If we don’t protect it, future generations will not forgive us. Text 2To truly understand our planet, we must explore the oceans which cover most of it. Opponents may be concerned, but sea exploration matters to the future. Gaining more insights into the sea will also help us manage its resources better. Logging new species will improve our understanding of life on the earth. It may enable us to discover new medicines, as well as new sources of food and energy. Accessing the deep ocean may provide hints of events such as earthquakes. The population of the world is growing and we need new resources for future development. There are probably vast amounts of resources under the sea and ice, not just oil and gas but also valuable minerals. The related environmental risks should be balanced with economic needs. Hopefully, as technology improves, we can have more options for managing this balance. 60．Which of the following can be inferred from the texts? A．Plastic pollution has directly contributed to the melting of Arctic ice. B．Logging new species could lead to advancements in medicine and food production. C．Overfishing has been completely stopped due to international bans introduced in 1982. D．The population growth worldwide has reduced the need for deep-sea resources. 61．Before writing, Li Lin puts forward some questions. Which question CAN NOT Li Lin find the answer to from the texts? A．What’s the purpose of sea exploration? B．How does sea exploration cause damage to the sea? C．What benefits can sea exploration bring to other research fields? D．What can we do to balance environmental protection and sea exploration? 62．If Li Lin is determined to write an essay based on opinions from both texts, which of the following will most probably be the central theme of his essay? A．Ways to improve the efficiency of sea development. B．Technological breakthroughs in sea exploration. C．Balance between the impact of sea exploration and its benefits. D．Appeal to protect the sea from unsustainable exploration. C The phrase “coin toss” is a classic equivalent to randomness. But since at least the 18th century, mathematicians have suspected that even fair coins tend to land on one side slightly more often than the other. Proving this tiny bias (偏见), however, would require hundreds of thousands of carefully recorded coin tosses, making laboratory tests a nightmare. František Bartoš, currently a Ph.D．candidate at the University of Amsterdam, became fascinated by this challenge four years ago. He couldn’t round up enough volunteers to investigate it at first. “Nobody was stupid enough to spend a couple of weekends tossing coins,” he says. But after he began his Ph.D．studies, he tried again, recruiting 47 volunteers (many of them friends and fellow students) from six countries. Multiple weekends of coin tossing later, the team had performed 350,757 tosses, breaking the previous record of 40,000. The tossed coins, according to previous findings, landed with the same side facing upward as before the toss 50.8 percent of the time. The large number of throws allows statisticians to conclude that the nearly one percent bias isn’t a fluke. “We can be quite sure there is a bias in coin tosses after this data set,” Bartoš says. The leading theory explaining the subtle advantage comes from a 2007 physics study by statistician Persi Diaconis and his colleagues, whose calculations predicted a same-side bias of 51 percent. From the moment a coin is launched into the air, its entire path in the air — including whether it lands on heads or tails — can be calculated by the laws of mechanics. The researchers determined that coins in the air barely turn around their symmetrical axis (对称轴); instead they tend to move off-center unsteadily, which causes them to spend a little more time in the air with their initial “up” side on top. For day-to-day decisions, coin tosses are as good as random because a one percent bias isn’t perceptible with just a few coin tosses, says another statistician who wasn’t involved in the new research. Still, the study’s conclusions should eliminate any doubt that still exists regarding the coin toss’s slim bias. It isn’t difficult to prevent this bias from influencing your coin-toss matches; simply concealing the coin’s starting position before tossing it should do the trick. Alternatively, you can do away with tossing altogether by shaking the coin between your palms. But if your friends are unaware of the tiny bias, you may as well benefit from your slight advantage. After all, 51 percent odds beat a lot. 63．Why was it difficult to prove the tiny bias in coin tosses? A．Because it required a large number of trials and loads of tests. B．Because few scientists and researchers were interested in this topic. C．Because scientists lacked the ability and technique to conduct this study. D．Because previous researches failed many times and scientists lost confidence. 64．The meaning of the underlined word fluke in paragraph 3 most probably refers to something that ______. A．happens by accident B．can be planned in advance C．occurs under specific conditions D．can be gained by practice 65．What can we imply from the last paragraph? A．This one percent bias matters little in real life. B．We should rely on this one percent bias to help us. C．Though unnoticeable, we may still take advantage of this bias. D．Relying on the one percent bias to win a coin-toss match is unfair. 66．What is the best title of this passage? A．Risk-takers? Experts recommend coin-toss matches. B．Luck or Maths? Here’re some tips on tossing coins. C．Coin collectors? There’re stories behind each coin. D．Heads or Tails? Research suggests it’s not 50-50. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. Little Miss Mozart An 11-year-old British composer earned comparisons with Mozart after her opera opened in Vienna to enthusiastic applause. Alma Deutscher, who lived in Surrey with her parents, was already world-famous as a violinist and pianist before her first full-length opera made its first performance on the Austrian stage. 67 Cinderella was a composer whom Deutscher described as “a bit like me”. Deutscher said much of the musical inspiration behind Cinderella and other compositions came when her mind was elsewhere. During an interview with NBC’s Today show, she explained that trying to create beautiful melodies on demand often resulted in a blank mind. 68 The opera is two and a half hours long with the musical score running to 237 pages. 69 Deutscher said the prince having to ask whose foot would fit the slipper didn’t make much sense. Lots of people might have the same sized foot, but only one person could have written that melody. Conductor Simon Rattle declared he was “absolutely bowled over” when he first saw her perform, but it was Stephen Fry who first predicted that Deutscher could be this generation’s Mozart, after watching a video of her performing online. 70 She said, “I love Mozart very much. He’s probably my favourite composer, but I don’t really like it when people call me ‘Little Miss Mozart’ because I don’t like being called ‘little’. I’m very big, and secondly, if I just wrote everything Mozart wrote again it would be boring. ” A．However, it is not a comparison that the 11-year-old is particularly keen on. B．Interestingly, it was often during unexpected moments that a beautiful melody suddenly came to her. C．Deutscher’s most ambitious work has enabled the audience to see her talent. D．Instead of the glass slipper of the fairytale, the prince looks for a lost melody he cannot quite remember. E．The work reinvented the Cinderella fairytale to be set in an opera house ruled by a mean stepmother. F．She never got nervous on stage, as she was just happy that people wanted to listen to her music. IV.Summary Writing (共10分） Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point( s)of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. The Tchaikovsky Cure for Worry The 19th-century Russian composer Tchaikovsky was not a happy man. In his 5,365 letters to friends and family, we find constant references to his sadness and anxiety. He had just one, temporary pain reliever for his misery: “… a new idea awakens in me and begins to assume a definite form.” Tchaikovsky’s experience is not abnormal. Modern research in neuroscience (神经科学) and psychology reveals that active engagement in creative pursuits is an effective way to gain relief from negative emotions and see the world in a much more positive way. At a time when mood disorders are exploding and less than a third of U.S. adults believe that they are living up to their creative potential, this might be the simplest, easiest, and most natural way for anyone to improve their life. Neuroscientific research offers explanations of how creativity might lower negative emotion, and anxiety in particular. In a fascinating 2015 study, neuroscientists observed people as they wrote poetry. They found that during the idea-generation phase of writing, the medial prefrontal cortex (前额叶内侧皮层) is especially active. This is the same part of the brain that is activated during meditation (an activity in which people sit still and focus on their thoughts), which suggests that creative activity might have some of the same effects on stress as meditational exercises do — thus why some anxious people routinely use it to treat themselves. Yet, so many different creative outlets exist that the task of finding one that fits your personality and tastes can be scary. One method I like to suggest, to help people find the ideal activity for them, is to start by categorizing creative pursuits as public or private and inventive or interpretive. All you need is to know your personality type and your preference. Outgoing people who prefer to interpret the works of others can try theater or classical music; people who are shy might prefer studying poetry. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ V.Translation (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。) Directions:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets 72．面对不公，他毫不犹豫地挺身而出，捍卫正义。(hesitate)(汉译英) 73．她极有绘画天赋，不知接下来会有何等佳作面世。(no telling) (汉译英) 74．设计师将可持续理念融入历史建筑的修缮，既确保了该建筑符合环保要求，又保留其文化底蕴。(integrate) (汉译英) 75．在90年代，这种疾病因其复杂性，曾被误诊为流感类疾病，如今人们已经认识到它是一种罕见的精神障碍。(whose) (汉译英) VI.Guided Writing (共25分) 76．Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 你是未来中学的高三学生小星，正在完成一份英语学科的跨文化研习课题。请根据以下给出的报告提纲，撰写一篇文章阐述研究所得。 Festivals in China and Western Countries Reporter: Xiao Xing Steps 1. Choose one typical festival from each of China and Western Countries. 2. Compare the two festivals in at least two aspects, whether in common or different. (Such as the cultural background, ways to celebrate, etc.) 3. Analyze why these features are in common or different. 4. Find commonalities or differences between Chinese and Western cultures the festivals reflect. (if any, or can be omitted) Main Text ………… ………… ………… _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 试题 第7页（共8页） 试题 第8页（共8页） 试题 第1页（共8页） 试题 第2页（共8页） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $