Unit 1 Time to Relax Section B 核心知识点精讲精练-2025-2026学年八年级英语下册单元全方位精练（新教材人教版）

该初中英语讲义以思维导图为框架，系统构建Unit 1 Section B的知识体系，通过表格梳理43个重点短语，分模块解析核心词汇、重难句型及非谓语动词等语法点，清晰呈现知识内在逻辑与重难点分布。 讲义亮点在于“随学随练+分层过关”的练习设计，如词汇解析中通过语境单项填空提升语言运用能力，句型解析对比so...that...与such...that...培养思维品质。知识过关练习涵盖词汇、语法、翻译等题型，基础生可夯实基础，优生能深化理解，助力教师精准教学与学生自主复习。

Unit 1 Time to Relax 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. improve one’s life 改善某人的生活 2. make your life better 使你的生活更好 3. learn a new skill 学习一个新的技能 4. make new friends 结交新的朋友 5. reduce stress 减少压力 6. try new things 尝试新的事物 7. be good for 对...好处 8. pass the time 度过时间 9. spend time on... 花费时间在某物上 10. calm down 冷静，镇静 11. physical hobbies 体力型爱好；运动类爱好 12. do yoga 练习瑜伽 13. keep/stay fit 保持健康 14. find it fun to... 发现做某事很有趣 15. mobile phone apps 手机应用软件 16. a great way to... 做某事的一个好方法 17. start out 开始从事，着手（某工作）；从业 18. allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事；促使某人做某事 19. at the same time 同时 20. a sense of achievement 成就感 21. prefer (not) to do... (不)偏爱做某事 22. collect coins / stamps 收集硬币/集邮 23. rather old-fashioned 相当过时的 24. in foreign countries 在外国 25. *Mogao Caves 莫高窟 26. send sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 27. put up 张贴；挂起 28. *dream of 梦想 29. develop his latest app 开发了他最新的应用软件 30. get over 克服 31. take up 占据；开始从事，培养 32. give up 放弃 33. be worried about 担忧 34. be good at 擅长 35. as long as 只要 36. over time 随着时间推移，久而久之 37. *so far 到目前为止 38. after all 毕竟 39. hope to do 希望做某事 40. ride a horse 骑马 41. such an amazing experience 如此令人惊喜的一次经历 42. in nature 在自然中 43. spend time with... 花时间陪伴... 2、 重点词汇解析 1. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 [词汇拓展] reduction (n.) 减少；缩减； [词汇搭配] reduce stress减少压力；reduce pollution 减少污染 [词汇例句] We should take action to reduce waste in our daily life. 我们应该采取行动减少日常生活中的浪 费。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —The government is encouraging people to use public transportation more often. —That’s a good idea. If more people take buses or subways, there will be fewer cars on the road, and it can really ________ pollution. A．receive B．reduce C．record D．remain 2. stress /stres/ n. 精神压力；紧张 v.强调 [词汇拓展] stressful (adj.) 充满压力的；stressed (adj.) 感到有压力的 [词汇搭配] under stress 处于压力之下；stress the importance of... 强调…… 的重要性 [词汇例句] He is under much stress these days.这些天他压力很大。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) A good way to reduce ________ is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. A．strength B．power C．energy D．stress (2) —Ms. Li always _________ the importance of reading aloud. —So she does. She is a very experienced teacher. A．imagines B．stresses C．realizes D．guesses 3. object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物品；宾语 v.反对 [词汇拓展] objection (n.) 反对；objective (adj.) 客观的；(n.) 目标 [词汇搭配] a beautiful object 一个漂亮的物品；object to sth./doing sth. 反对某事 / 做某事 [词汇例句] She saw a strange object on the street. 她在街上看到了一个奇怪的物品。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —We’ve already learned some words like artist, scientist, dentist and so on. —Yes. From these words, we know “-ist” means “________”. A．a person B．an object C．a leader (2) Which part is the OBJECT of the following sentence “He stayed at home the whole day.”? A．“He” B．“stayed” C．“home” D．“the whole day” 4. Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ adj. 意大利的 n. 意大利人；意大利语 [词汇拓展] Italy (n.) 意大利 [词汇搭配] learn Italian学习意大利语；speak Italian 说意大利语；Italian food 意大利食物 Italian culture 意大利文化 [词汇例句] My pen pal is from Italian who is interested in Chinese culture.. 我的笔友来自意大利人，他对中 国文化感兴趣。 5. programmer /ˈprəʊɡræmə(r)/ n. 程序设计员 [词汇拓展] program (v.) 编程；(n.) 程序；节目；programming (n.) 编程 [词汇搭配] start out as programmers从程序员做起；a computer programmer 电脑程序员 [词汇例句] His dream is to be a great programmer in the future. 他的梦想是将来成为一名优秀的程序员。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Why do you study computer science so hard? —Because I want to be a(n) ________. A．bus driver B．actor C．computer programmer 6. allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许 [词汇拓展] disallow(v.)不允许，不接受 [词汇搭配] allow doing sth. 允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow for考虑到 [词汇例句] Our teacher doesn’t allow us to use mobile phones in class. 我们老师不允许我们在课堂上使用 手机。 [随学随练] 用所给词适当形式填空 (1) Mr. Wang allows us ________ (take) a camera while we explore Mount Tai. (2) As we all know, the library doesn’t allow ________ (talk) loudly or running after each other. 7. sense /sens/ n. 感觉；感官v. 感觉到；意识到 [词汇拓展] sensible (adj.) 明智的；sensitive (adj.) 敏感的 [词汇搭配] a sense of achievement 成就感；a good sense of direction好的方向感；five senses 五种感官 make sense 有意义，讲得通；合乎情理，是明智的；make sense of sth理解，弄懂 common sense常识；in a sense从某种意义上说；in no sense决不 [词汇例句] I had a strong sense of satisfaction when I finished the task. 当我完成任务时，我有一种强烈的满 足感。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中sense的中文意思 (1) Dogs have a good sense of smell.  (2) She has lost all sense of direction in her life. (3) Lisa sensed that he did not believe her. (4) This sentence doesn't make sense. (5) As long as you didn't try to make sense of it, it sounded beautiful. (6) In a sense it doesn't matter any more. (7) In no sense should you lose heart. Keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. 8. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 [词汇拓展] achieve (v.) 实现；取得；achievable (adj.) 可实现的 [词汇搭配] a great achievement 一项伟大的成就；make achievements 取得成就 [词汇例句] They were proud of their children's achievements.他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I hear that Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon and brought back some rocks and soil. —Good news! China has made another great ________ in space. A．achievement B．situation C．challenge D．research 9. teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的 [词汇拓展] teenager (n.) 青少年；teen (n.) 十几岁（13-19 岁） [词汇搭配] a teenage girl一个青少年女孩；teenage life 青少年生活 [词汇例句] This book is suitable for teenage readers. 这本书适合青少年读者阅读。 10. rather /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ adv. 相当；更准确地说 [词汇搭配] rather old-fashioned相当过时的；rather than 而不是；or rather更准确的说 would rather do...(than do...) 宁愿做...（而不愿做...） [词汇例句] I didn't fail the exam; in fact I did rather well! 我没有考不及格，事实上，我考得不错！ [随学随练] 用rather补全句子 (1) 这是个相当难的问题。 It was a question. (2) 她让学生们独立思考，而不是一味地告诉他们该思考些什么。 She made students think for themselves, telling them what to think. (3) 最后他不得不走着——应该说是跑着——去办公室。 In the end he had to walk─ run─to the office. (4) 我宁愿待在家里。 I at home. 11. old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃnd/adj. 过时的；守旧的 [词汇拓展] fashion (n.) 时尚；fashionable (adj.) 时尚的 [词汇搭配] old-fashioned clothes 过时的衣服；old-fashioned ideas 守旧的观念 [词汇例句] My grandma still uses that old-fashioned radio to listen to news. 我奶奶还在用那台老式收音机 听新闻。 12. foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的；国外的 [词汇拓展] foreigner (n.) 外国人 [词汇搭配] in foreign countries在外国；foreign language外语；foreign culture 外国文化 [词汇例句] More and more foreign students want to study and live in China. 越来越多的外国学生想在中国 学习生活。 13. dream of 梦想；希望 [词汇拓展] dream (n.) 梦想；(v.) 做梦；dreamer (n.) 梦想家 [词汇搭配] dream of being a teacher 梦想成为一名教师；dream of traveling around the world 梦想环游世界[词汇例句] She dreams of becoming a singer. 她梦想成为一名歌手。 14. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议；提议 [词汇拓展] suggest (v.) 建议；表明，显示；advise(v.)建议；advice(n.)建议 [词汇搭配] make a suggestion 提出建议；at/on sb's suggestion根据某人的建议；在某人的提议下 [词汇用法] · suggest和advise用作动词。“建议做某事”用suggest/advise doing...结构。 如：We suggest/advise putting off the meeting. 我们建议推迟会议。 · “建议某人做某事”用advise sb. to do结构，此结构中不可用suggest。 如：The doctor advised me to rest for some days. 医生建议我休息几天。 · suggest后还可以跟名词，表示“推荐，举荐”。 如：Mary suggested Beijing as the place for the coming holiday. 玛丽推荐北京作为即将到来的假期的地方。 · suggest和advise后均可以接宾语从句，且宾语从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”结构，should可以省略。 如：The teacher suggests that we (should)review the notes before the exam.老师建议我们考试前要复习笔记。 · suggestion和advice用作名词，suggestion用作可数名词，advice用作不可数名词。 如：I’d like to share with you some advice. 我想和你分享一些建议。 Any good suggestions? 还有一些好的建议？ [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) We suggested ________ (have) a picnic this weekend. (2) Thank you for giving me so many ________ (suggest). (3) She gave my mom some useful  ________ (advise). (4) My teacher advised me ________(take) notes while listening to the lecture on career planning. (5) Mr. Green suggested that Millie ________ (go) to visit the local places of interest during summer holiday. 15. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败 [词汇拓展] fail (v.) 失败；未能；failed (adj.) 失败的 [词汇搭配] my fear of failure我对失败的恐惧；a sense of failure 失败感 [词汇用法] · failure泛指“失败”，用作不可数名词。 All my efforts ended in failure . 我的一切努力最后都无济于事。 · failure表示“失败的事，失败的人”，用作可数名词。 He was a failure as a teacher.他当教师并不成功。 [随学随练] 补全句子 (1) 每天，他都努力战胜对失败的恐惧，勇敢地追逐自己的梦想。 Every day, he tries to fight and bravely pursue his dreams. (2) 你可以从失败中学到宝贵的经验。 You can . (3) 杰克尽力爬上山，但他最终还是失败了。 Jack tried to climb up the mountain,  . 16. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发 [词汇拓展] inspiration (n.)灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事；inspiring (adj.)鼓舞人心的；inspired (adj.)受到鼓舞的 [词汇搭配] inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 [词汇例句] Her work didn't exactly inspire me with confidence.她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。 [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) These great artworks come from ________ (inspire) and creativity. (2) The movie about the young inventor was truly (inspire). It made me want to create something new. (3) The movie about environmental protection inspired many people (protect) the planet. (4) The story (inspire) us to follow our dreams last week. 17. strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严厉的；严格的 [词汇拓展] strictly (adv.) 严格地 [词汇搭配] be strict with sb. 对某人严格；be strict in sth. 对某事严格 [词汇例句] Our teacher is strict with us in our study. 我们的老师在学习上对我们要求很严格。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Don’t be too strict ________ yourself ________ everything. Too much stress is harmful to your health. A．in; with B．in; on C．with; in D．with; on 18. surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ adv. 出人意料地 [词汇拓展] surprise (n.) 惊喜；惊讶；(v.) 使惊讶；surprising (adj.) 令人惊讶的 surprised (adj.) 感到惊讶的 [词汇搭配] surprisingly nice 出奇得好；surprisingly good 出人意料地好 [随学随练] 用surprise适当形式填空 (1) At last, the big day arrived! They put on their show and  everyone. (2) The next morning people were all  to see that the stone was gone. (3) To my  , Danny stood up and said simply, “I won’t go with you. ” (4) It is   that only 20% of the news online is true. (5) —Why do schools encourage students to take part in more social activities? —Not   , to develop social skills. 19. stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 舞台；阶段 [词汇拓展] stage performance 舞台表演；stage a play 上演一出戏 [词汇搭配] dance on stage在舞台上跳舞；at an early stage 在早期阶段 [词汇例句] The children are at different stages of development.这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。 [随学随练] 选出与划线部分相同含义的选项 This is an important stage for you to be successful. A．choice B．instruction C．step D．experience 20. importantly /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/ adv. 重要地 [词汇拓展] important (adj.) 重要的；importance (n.) 重要性 [词汇搭配] most importantly 最重要的是；more importantly 更重要的是 [词汇例句] Importantly, we should learn to respect others. 重要的是，我们应该学会尊重他人。 [随学随练] 用important适当形式填空 (1) It’s   for students to learn how to take care of themselves. (2) Yang Zhenning is one of the   scientists in the world. (3) Since then, the story has shown us the   of being kind and tolerant. (4) —I feel sorry for my mistake. —Take it easy. Nobody is perfect. Most   , you should learn from your mistake. (5) —Dad, I really want to play soccer so that I can make a lot of money. —Money isn’t everything, my son. Getting a good education is much  . 3、 重难句型解析 1. 连接代词引导定语从句 (教材原句)Hobbies That Are Good for You  有益身心的爱好 (教材原句)He started programming when he was ten, after he read about famous businessmen who started out as programmers.他在十岁时开始编程，当时他读到一些从程序员起家的著名商人的故事。 (教材原句)One of the people who inspires me the most is my dance instructor. 最能激励我的人之一是我的舞蹈教练。 第一句中that are good for you是that引导的定语从句修饰前面的hobbies。 第二句中的who started out as programmers和第三句中的who inspires me the most都是who引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词famous businessmen和one of the people. that和who都属于连接代词。当被修饰名词是表示“人”的名词，可用who引导定语从句，也可是使用that引导；当被修饰名词是表示“物”的名词，可用which引导定语从句，也可是使用that引导。 that和who引导定语从句时，在从句中充当主干成分。它们可以代替前面被修饰的名词在从句中充当主语，此时，其后的谓语动词要注意主谓一致问题。 如：I love the gift that/which Grandpa gives me.我喜欢爷爷送我的礼物。 We should be thankful to the people who help us. 我们应当感激帮助过我们的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Hi, Mary. Do you know Jay Chou? —Sure. He is a popular singer ________ comes from Taiwan. A．whom B．what C．who D．which (2) The students are reading books _________ are full of the “red spirit” these days. A．who B．where C．which D．when (3) I prefer movies ________ me something to think about. A．which gives B．that gives C．that give D．who give 2. so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原句)Her dad sent it to her when she was five, and she liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall!她爸爸在她五岁时寄给她的，她非常喜欢，就把它贴在了卧室的墙上！ 此句中so...that...表示“如此...以至于...”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后接形容词或副词，that后为从句，表示结果。 such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句，such后接名词或名词短语。 如：He was so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep. 他太兴奋了以至于睡不着。 He made such an excellent performance that everyone cheered for him. 他表现得如此出色，大家都为 他欢呼。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —What do you think of the movie? —It’s ________ wonderful ________ I want to see it again. A．too; to B．so; that C．as; as D．such; that (2) Jane Eyre is ________ a wonderful book ________ I want to read it again. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to 3. as long as引导条件状语从句 (教材原句)As long as you don’t give up, you’ll get better at it over time. 只要你不放弃，随着时间的推移，你会做得更好。 as long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句，并且遵循“主将从现”时态原则。此外，if，unless，once也可用于引导条件状语从句。 如：We won’t finish the task on time unless we ask the teacher for help. 除非我们向老师求助，否则我们不会按时完成任务。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 只要你早起，你就有时间锻炼身体。 (2) 如果你不尽力做某事，你就不会成功。 4. when与whenever引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)She’s happy to see me whenever I visit, especially when I bring her some carrots for a snack. 每次我来拜访她，她都很高兴见到我，尤其是当我给她带些胡萝卜当零食的时候。 此句中whenever I visit和when I bring her some carrots for a snack都是时间状语从句，whenever“无论何时”，表示任何时间。when“当...时”，表示具体的、一次性的时间点或时间段，强调动作发生的特定时刻。 如：She was cooking when the phone rang. 电话响起的时候，她正在做饭。 Whenever I visit her, she welcomes me at the door. 每次我去看她，她都会在门口欢迎我。 [随学随练] 选词填空（when/whenever） (1) _______ I get home, my dog always runs to me. (2) I was watching TV _______ the doorbell rang. (3) _______ you need help, you can call me. 4、 其他知识解析 1. 动名词作主语 (教材原句)Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day.阅读或听音乐可以帮助我们在忙碌一天后平静下来。 此句中Reading or listening to music动名词在句中作主语。当单个的动名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。 如：Doing calligraphy makes me relaxed. 练习书法使我感到放松。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) ________ art can make our life more colorful. A．Creating B．Create C．Creates D．Created (2) Learning about different art forms ________ us understand diverse cultures. A．help B．helps C．is helping D．helped 2. 不定式用法 (1) 作状语 (教材原句)For example, people sometimes paint pictures to remember a beautiful landscape or object, or reduce stress.例如，人们有时会画画来记住美丽的风景或物体，或者减轻压力。 此句中to remember a beautiful landscape or object, or reduce stress是三个并列的不定式作目的状语。多个不定式并列时，一般省略第二个和后面的不定式的符号to。 如：My grandpa always does kung fu to spend his free time. 我爷爷经常练习武术度过空闲时间。 (教材原句)I’m lucky to have her life. 我很幸运能拥有她的生活。 此句中to have her in life作原因状语。 如：We are sorry to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，我们很抱歉。 (2) 不定式作定语 (教材原句)He thinks that apps can be a great way to help people.他认为应用程序是帮助人们的好方法。 此句中to help people作定语修饰前面的名词way。一些名词，如ability,chance,choice,opportunity,place等后常跟不定式作定语。 如：Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 人人天生具有学习的能力。 (3) 不定式作主语(it作形式主语) (教材原句)It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app,” says Luca.“看到人们使用这个应用程序，我很有成就感，”卢卡说。 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see people using the app。 (教材原句)I think it’s interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries.我认为看到其他国家美丽的建筑和风景很有趣。 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries。 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常用句型有：It is+adj./n.+ to do sth. 如：It is a good idea to take up some hobbies. 培养一些业余爱好是个好主意。 It is wonderful to have a trip . 进行一次实地考察真是太棒了。 (4) 不定式作宾语补足语 (教材原句)“I believe I’m helping people around the world to learn Italian!我相信我正在帮助世界各地的人们学习意大利语！ 此句中to learn Italian跟在helping people around the world后作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语people around the world。help后接不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to也可以省略。如教材原句：Horse riding also helps me stay fit. 一些动词后常跟复合宾语结构，常用不定式作宾语补足语，例如ask（要求）、tell（告诉）、order（命令）、allow（允许）、want（想要）、wish（希望）、expect（期望）、encourage（鼓励）、inspire(激励、鼓励)、invite（邀请）、advise（建议）、remind（提醒） 如：Our teacher doesn’t allow us to us mobile phone at school. 我们老师不允许我们在学校使用手机。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Teachers always do what they can ________ us. I am deeply moved. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help (2) When it snows, children are happy ________ snowmen outside. A．making B．to making C．make D．to make (3) I think finding a good study partner is a useful way ________ English grammar. A．learn B．learning C．learned D．to learn (4) —Our Chinese teacher asks us ______ a diary in Chinese every day. —So my father made me ______ two pages of my diary last night. A．write; to write B．write; writing C．to write; to write D．to write; write (5) It’s important for kids _________ to relax. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 3. prefer用法 (教材原句)Some people prefer not to make things.They prefer to collect them! 有些人更喜欢不制作东西，而是收集它们！ prefer表示“更喜欢，偏爱”，后可接名词，动名词或不定式作宾语。也用于以下结构： prefer A to B 表示“比起 B，更喜欢 A”；prefer doing A to doing B表示“比起做B，更喜欢做A” prefer to do A rather than do B表示“宁愿做 A，而不愿做 B” 如：She prefers to read rather than watch TV. 他宁愿读书，而不愿看电视。 I prefer swimming to running. 比起跑步，我更喜欢游泳。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 比起在城市里逛街购物，我更喜欢在森林里徒步旅行。 (2) 她早上更喜欢喝茶，而不是咖啡。 4. 非谓语动词的否定 (教材原句)Some people prefer not to make things.They prefer to collect them! 有些人更喜欢不制作东西，而是收集它们！ (教材原句)That sounds fun, but I’m worried about not being good at it.这听起来有趣，但我担心自己不擅长。 以上两句中to make things和being good at it都是非谓语动词形式，前者是不定式，后者是动词-ing形式。它们在变否定式时，在其前面加not变为not to do...和not doing...。 如：He is sorry for not helping you yesterday. 他为昨天没有帮助你而感到抱歉。 She decides not to go to the party tonight. 她决定今晚不去参加派对。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The teacher asked us ______ noise in the library. A．not make B．not to make C．don’t make D．not making (2) Would you mind ________ here? I’m doing my homework. A．not to sing B．to sing C．not singing D．sang 5. it作形式宾语 (教材原句)I find it fun to paint. 我发现画画很有趣。 此句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。一些动词如find，believe，feel，make，keep等后为保持句子平衡，当宾语较长时，常用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 如：The teacher made it clear that we should hand in our homework on time.老师明确表示，我们应该按时交作业。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The Chinese government has made ________ possible for people to live happy lives. A．this B．that C．it D．its (2) I find it hard ________ on my study if I don’t eat breakfast A．focus B．focusing C．focused D．to focus 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Kids like to pick up small (物品) such as shells along the beach. (2) My parents don’t (允许) me to go out on school nights. (3) Tu Youyou is a great scientist with many (成就). (4) An elephant has a good (感觉官能) of direction. (5) Both my brother and I like collecting (硬币). (6) The lovely rabbits on these s (邮票) remind me of my sweet childhood. (7) Teachers and parents should pay attention to (青少年的) problems. (8) When I travel in other cities, I’d like to buy some local (明信片)。 (9) More and more (外国的) friends love China because of Chinese traditional culture. (10) My classmate John finds many of my (建议) useful. (11) Don’t be afraid of (失败); it’s a part of learning. (12) My father i （激励）me to try harder if I want to make progress. (13) The boys and girls are now singing on that (舞台) over there. (14) I (宁愿) walk than take a crowded bus during rush hour. (15) The little girl (梦想成为) a princess at a very early age. (16) My parents are (对...严格的) me in my study. (17) (到目前为止) I have made lots of friends in my school. (18) Teachers and parents should teach teenagers how to (减少压力). 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The doctor will allow me ________ (leave) the hospital tomorrow if I get better. (2) Everyone should pay attention to (reduce) waste around them to protect the environment. (3) I saw some (object) in the sky, but I didn’t know what they were. (4) Some students from one of the European countries are teaching us how to cook (Italy) food. (5) His dream job is to be a computer (program) after graduation. (6) The horse danger and stopped. (sense) (7) Walking on the moon was a great (achieve) for mankind. (8) I want to buy some (stamp) in the post office. (9) Getting enough sleep is important for (teenage). (10) I am very proud that I can tell Chinese folk stories to (foreign) in English. (11) My teacher gave me some (suggest) on how to keep healthy. (12) Thousands of people are going hungry because of the (fail) of this year’s harvest. (13) I was hungry, and more (important), my children were hungry. (14) Not (surprise), after a long day of hiking, the group was eager to sit down and enjoy a hot meal. (15) She is forgetful that she often leaves her keys at her office. (16) (spend) some time with your friends will be a lot of fun. (17) The old man finds it useful (exercise) every morning. (18) Is this small museum a good place (learn) about your hometown? 3. 单项填空 (1) Many countries have food banks ________ food waste. A．reduced B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduce (2) Our teachers allow ______in groups, but my parents don’t allow me  ______ at my friend’s home. A．studying; studying B．studying;to study C．to study;studying D．to study;to study (3) —What do you think of China’s Space industry? —Wonderful! In the past thirty years, China has made great ________ in the space field. A．development B．excitements C．achievements D．environment (4) My pronunciation is poor. Could you give me some ________? A．advises B．advices C．suggestions D．a advice (5) —What a heavy rain! —So it is. I prefer ________ rather than ________ on such a rainy day. A．to go out; stay at home B．to stay at home; go out C．going out; stay at home D．staying at home; go out (6) After retiring from her busy job, Mrs.Smith plans to ________ a new hobby like painting to make her life more colorful. A．pick up B．put up C．look up D．take up (7) The old scientist is strict ________ himself and strict ________ his work. A．in; with B．with; in C．in; in D．with; with (8) —I came across a lot of problems in my new school. —You will ________ them if you don’t give up. A．take up B．get over C．give away D．go off (9) The coach told young players not to fear ________ and he hoped they could face the future with courage. A．deal B．failure C．chance D．symbol (10) —What do you think of your English teacher? —She ________ us, but we all like her so much. A．is friendly to B．is popular with C．is strict with D．is different from 4. 翻译句子或补全句子 (1) 很多女人为了减肥，宁愿不吃早饭。 (2) 在所有科目中，我最喜欢英语，因为它能让我和来自不同国家的人交流。 Among all the subjects, I like English the most because (3) 我发现熬夜对我们的身体不好。 (4) 能帮你找到丢失的笔记本，是我的荣幸。 (5) 他的故事告诉我们，只要我们继续下去，我们的梦想终有一天会成真。 His story teaches us that (6) 一切发生得那么快，我连思考的时间都没有。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 Time to Relax 核心知识点精讲 3 (Section B) 【主要内容】 · 【单元核心知识点精讲精练】每个单元按照教材安排分为Section A；Grammar和Section B三个部分。 · Section B部分包括本部分重点短语集锦、重点词汇解析、重难句型解析、其他知识解析等板块，核心知识点讲解中包含适当数量，多种类型的随学随练。配有“知识过关练习”，包含词汇填空、单句语法填空、单项填空、选词填空、翻译句子等题型。 · Section B部分内容思维导图如下: 1、 重点短语集锦(前标*为词汇表短语) 1. improve one’s life 改善某人的生活 2. make your life better 使你的生活更好 3. learn a new skill 学习一个新的技能 4. make new friends 结交新的朋友 5. reduce stress 减少压力 6. try new things 尝试新的事物 7. be good for 对...好处 8. pass the time 度过时间 9. spend time on... 花费时间在某物上 10. calm down 冷静，镇静 11. physical hobbies 体力型爱好；运动类爱好 12. do yoga 练习瑜伽 13. keep/stay fit 保持健康 14. find it fun to... 发现做某事很有趣 15. mobile phone apps 手机应用软件 16. a great way to... 做某事的一个好方法 17. start out 开始从事，着手（某工作）；从业 18. allow sb. to do 允许某人做某事；促使某人做某事 19. at the same time 同时 20. a sense of achievement 成就感 21. prefer (not) to do... (不)偏爱做某事 22. collect coins / stamps 收集硬币/集邮 23. rather old-fashioned 相当过时的 24. in foreign countries 在外国 25. *Mogao Caves 莫高窟 26. send sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人 27. put up 张贴；挂起 28. *dream of 梦想 29. develop his latest app 开发了他最新的应用软件 30. get over 克服 31. take up 占据；开始从事，培养 32. give up 放弃 33. be worried about 担忧 34. be good at 擅长 35. as long as 只要 36. over time 随着时间推移，久而久之 37. *so far 到目前为止 38. after all 毕竟 39. hope to do 希望做某事 40. ride a horse 骑马 41. such an amazing experience 如此令人惊喜的一次经历 42. in nature 在自然中 43. spend time with... 花时间陪伴... 2、 重点词汇解析 1. reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/ v. 减少 [词汇拓展] reduction (n.) 减少；缩减； [词汇搭配] reduce stress减少压力；reduce pollution 减少污染 [词汇例句] We should take action to reduce waste in our daily life. 我们应该采取行动减少日常生活中的浪 费。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —The government is encouraging people to use public transportation more often. —That’s a good idea. If more people take buses or subways, there will be fewer cars on the road, and it can really ________ pollution. A．receive B．reduce C．record D．remain 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——政府正在鼓励人们更频繁地使用公共交通。——那是个好主意。如果更多人乘坐公交车或地铁，路上的汽车就会更少，这真的可以减少污染。 考查动词辨析。receive接收；reduce减少；record记录；remain保持。根据“fewer cars on the road”可知，这里需要一个表示“减少”的动词，reduce符合语境。故选B。 2. stress /stres/ n. 精神压力；紧张 v.强调 [词汇拓展] stressful (adj.) 充满压力的；stressed (adj.) 感到有压力的 [词汇搭配] under stress 处于压力之下；stress the importance of... 强调…… 的重要性 [词汇例句] He is under much stress these days.这些天他压力很大。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) A good way to reduce ________ is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust. A．strength B．power C．energy D．stress 【答案】D 【详解】句意：减轻压力的一个好方法是与您信任的人谈论您的感受。 考查名词辨析。strength优势；power权力；energy活力；stress压力。根据“A good way to reduce…is to talk about your feelings with someone you trust.”可知，与信任的人谈自己的感受是一种减压的好方法。故选D。 (2) —Ms. Li always _________ the importance of reading aloud. —So she does. She is a very experienced teacher. A．imagines B．stresses C．realizes D．guesses 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——李老师总是强调大声朗读的重要性。——她确实如此。她是一位经验丰富的老师。 考查动词辨析。imagines想象；stresses强调；realizes意识到；guesses猜测。根据“the importance of reading aloud.”可知，大声朗读的重要性，结合是老师的身份可知，应该是强调。故选B。 3. object /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/ n. 物品；宾语 v.反对 [词汇拓展] objection (n.) 反对；objective (adj.) 客观的；(n.) 目标 [词汇搭配] a beautiful object 一个漂亮的物品；object to sth./doing sth. 反对某事 / 做某事 [词汇例句] She saw a strange object on the street. 她在街上看到了一个奇怪的物品。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —We’ve already learned some words like artist, scientist, dentist and so on. —Yes. From these words, we know “-ist” means “________”. A．a person B．an object C．a leader 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我学了一些单词，比如艺术家、科学家、牙医等等。——是的。从这些单词中，我们知道“-ist”的意思是“一个人”。 考查名词辨析。person人；object物体；leader领袖。根据“artist, scientist, dentist”可知，以“ist”结尾的名词表示人，故选A。 (2) Which part is the OBJECT of the following sentence “He stayed at home the whole day.”? A．“He” B．“stayed” C．“home” D．“the whole day” 【答案】C 【详解】句意：“他待在家里一整天”这句话的宾语是哪一部分？ 考查句子成分。“He stayed at home the whole day.”中he作主语；stayed at作谓语；home作宾语；the whole day是时间状语，故选C。 4. Italian /ɪˈtæljən/ adj. 意大利的 n. 意大利人；意大利语 [词汇拓展] Italy (n.) 意大利 [词汇搭配] learn Italian学习意大利语；speak Italian 说意大利语；Italian food 意大利食物 Italian culture 意大利文化 [词汇例句] My pen pal is from Italian who is interested in Chinese culture.. 我的笔友来自意大利人，他对中 国文化感兴趣。 5. programmer /ˈprəʊɡræmə(r)/ n. 程序设计员 [词汇拓展] program (v.) 编程；(n.) 程序；节目；programming (n.) 编程 [词汇搭配] start out as programmers从程序员做起；a computer programmer 电脑程序员 [词汇例句] His dream is to be a great programmer in the future. 他的梦想是将来成为一名优秀的程序员。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —Why do you study computer science so hard? —Because I want to be a(n) ________. A．bus driver B．actor C．computer programmer 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你为什么如此努力学习计算机科学？——因为我想成为一名计算机程序员。 考查名词辨析。bus driver公交车司机；actor演员；computer programmer计算机程序员。根据问句“Why do you study computer science so hard?”可知，答句应表示想成为与计算机科学相关的职业，计算机程序员直接对应计算机科学。故选C。 6. allow /əˈlaʊ/ v. 允许 [词汇拓展] disallow(v.)不允许，不接受 [词汇搭配] allow doing sth. 允许做某事；allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事；allow for考虑到 [词汇例句] Our teacher doesn’t allow us to use mobile phones in class. 我们老师不允许我们在课堂上使用 手机。 [随学随练] 用所给词适当形式填空 (1) Mr. Wang allows us ________ (take) a camera while we explore Mount Tai. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意:--王老师允许我们在游览泰山时带上相机。--太好了! 考查非谓语动词。allow sb.to dosth.“允许某人做某事”，因此需用to take。 (2) As we all know, the library doesn’t allow ________ (talk) loudly or running after each other. 【答案】talking 【详解】句意:众所周知，图书馆不允许大声交谈和互相追逐 考查非谓语动词。allow doing sth.“允许做某事”，固定搭配，要用动名词talking。故填talking。 7. sense /sens/ n. 感觉；感官v. 感觉到；意识到 [词汇拓展] sensible (adj.) 明智的；sensitive (adj.) 敏感的 [词汇搭配] a sense of achievement 成就感；a good sense of direction好的方向感；five senses 五种感官 make sense 有意义，讲得通；合乎情理，是明智的；make sense of sth理解，弄懂 common sense常识；in a sense从某种意义上说；in no sense决不 [词汇例句] I had a strong sense of satisfaction when I finished the task. 当我完成任务时，我有一种强烈的满 足感。 [随学随练] 写出下列句子中sense的中文意思 (1) Dogs have a good sense of smell.  (n.)感觉官能 (2) She has lost all sense of direction in her life. (n.)意识，判断力 (3) Lisa sensed that he did not believe her. (v.) 感觉到；意识到 (4) This sentence doesn't make sense. 有意义，讲得通 (5) As long as you didn't try to make sense of it, it sounded beautiful. 理解，弄懂 (6) In a sense it doesn't matter any more. 从某种意义上说 (7) In no sense should you lose heart. Keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. 决不 8. achievement /əˈtʃiːvmənt/ n. 成就 [词汇拓展] achieve (v.) 实现；取得；achievable (adj.) 可实现的 [词汇搭配] a great achievement 一项伟大的成就；make achievements 取得成就 [词汇例句] They were proud of their children's achievements.他们对孩子们的成绩感到自豪。 [随学随练] 单项填空 —I hear that Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon and brought back some rocks and soil. —Good news! China has made another great ________ in space. A．achievement B．situation C．challenge D．research 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我听说嫦娥六号在月球背面着陆并带回了一些岩石和土壤。——好消息！中国在太空领域取得了一项伟大成就。 考查名词辨析。achievement成就；situation情形；challenge挑战；research研究。根据“I hear that Chang’e-6 landed on the far side of the moon and brought back some rocks and soil.”以及“China has made another great...in space.”可知，嫦娥六号从月球带回了一些岩石和土壤，这是一项伟大成就。make a great achievement意为 “取得了伟大成就”，符合语境。故选A。 9. teenage /ˈtiːneɪdʒ/ adj. 青少年的 [词汇拓展] teenager (n.) 青少年；teen (n.) 十几岁（13-19 岁） [词汇搭配] a teenage girl一个青少年女孩；teenage life 青少年生活 [词汇例句] This book is suitable for teenage readers. 这本书适合青少年读者阅读。 10. rather /ˈrɑːðə(r)/ adv. 相当；更准确地说 [词汇搭配] rather old-fashioned相当过时的；rather than 而不是；or rather更准确的说 would rather do...(than do...) 宁愿做...（而不愿做...） [词汇例句] I didn't fail the exam; in fact I did rather well! 我没有考不及格，事实上，我考得不错！ [随学随练] 用rather补全句子 (1) 这是个相当难的问题。 It was a rather difficult question. (2) 她让学生们独立思考，而不是一味地告诉他们该思考些什么。 She made students think for themselves, rather than telling them what to think. (3) 最后他不得不走着——应该说是跑着——去办公室。 In the end he had to walk─or rather run─to the office. (4) 我宁愿待在家里。 I would rather stay at home. 11. old-fashioned /ˌəʊldˈfæʃnd/adj. 过时的；守旧的 [词汇拓展] fashion (n.) 时尚；fashionable (adj.) 时尚的 [词汇搭配] old-fashioned clothes 过时的衣服；old-fashioned ideas 守旧的观念 [词汇例句] My grandma still uses that old-fashioned radio to listen to news. 我奶奶还在用那台老式收音机 听新闻。 12. foreign /ˈfɒrən/ adj. 外国的；国外的 [词汇拓展] foreigner (n.) 外国人 [词汇搭配] in foreign countries在外国；foreign language外语；foreign culture 外国文化 [词汇例句] More and more foreign students want to study and live in China. 越来越多的外国学生想在中国 学习生活。 13. dream of 梦想；希望 [词汇拓展] dream (n.) 梦想；(v.) 做梦；dreamer (n.) 梦想家 [词汇搭配] dream of being a teacher 梦想成为一名教师；dream of traveling around the world 梦想环游世界[词汇例句] She dreams of becoming a singer. 她梦想成为一名歌手。 14. suggestion /səˈdʒestʃən/ n. 建议；提议 [词汇拓展] suggest (v.) 建议；表明，显示；advise(v.)建议；advice(n.)建议 [词汇搭配] make a suggestion 提出建议；at/on sb's suggestion根据某人的建议；在某人的提议下 [词汇用法] · suggest和advise用作动词。“建议做某事”用suggest/advise doing...结构。 如：We suggest/advise putting off the meeting. 我们建议推迟会议。 · “建议某人做某事”用advise sb. to do结构，此结构中不可用suggest。 如：The doctor advised me to rest for some days. 医生建议我休息几天。 · suggest后还可以跟名词，表示“推荐，举荐”。 如：Mary suggested Beijing as the place for the coming holiday. 玛丽推荐北京作为即将到来的假期的地方。 · suggest和advise后均可以接宾语从句，且宾语从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气“should+动词原形”结构，should可以省略。 如：The teacher suggests that we (should)review the notes before the exam.老师建议我们考试前要复习笔记。 · suggestion和advice用作名词，suggestion用作可数名词，advice用作不可数名词。 如：I’d like to share with you some advice. 我想和你分享一些建议。 Any good suggestions? 还有一些好的建议？ [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) We suggested ________ (have) a picnic this weekend. 【答案】having 【详解】句意:我们建议这周末去野餐。 考查非谓语动词，suggest doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“建议做某事”，因此空格处应填动名词having。 (2) Thank you for giving me so many ________ (suggest). 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意:我们建议这周末去野餐。 考查名词用法。suggest的名词形式为suggestion，且为可数名词。故填suggestions。 (3) She gave my mom some useful  ________ (advise). 【答案】advice 【详解】句意:她给了我妈妈一些有用的建议。 考查名词用法。advise的名词形式为advice，且为不可数名词。故填advice。 (4) My teacher advised me ________(take) notes while listening to the lecture on career planning. 【答案】to take 【详解】句意:我的老师建议我在听职业规划讲座时记笔记。 考查非谓语动词，根据题干可知，此处为固定短语advise sb to do sth“建议某人做某事”，应用动词不定式。故填to take。 (5) Mr. Green suggested that Millie ________ (go) to visit the local places of interest during summer holiday. 【答案】(should) go 【详解】句意:格林先生建议米莉在暑假期间去参观当地的名胜古迹 考查虚拟语气。suggest作“建议”时，后接宾语从句，从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should)+动词原形”，should可省略。故填(should) do。 15. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败 [词汇拓展] fail (v.) 失败；未能；failed (adj.) 失败的 [词汇搭配] my fear of failure我对失败的恐惧；a sense of failure 失败感 [词汇用法] · failure泛指“失败”，用作不可数名词。 All my efforts ended in failure . 我的一切努力最后都无济于事。 · failure表示“失败的事，失败的人”，用作可数名词。 He was a failure as a teacher.他当教师并不成功。 [随学随练] 补全句子 (1) 每天，他都努力战胜对失败的恐惧，勇敢地追逐自己的梦想。 Every day, he tries to fight and bravely pursue his dreams. 【答案】his fear of failure (2) 你可以从失败中学到宝贵的经验。 You can . 【答案】learn valuable experience from failures (3) 杰克尽力爬上山，但他最终还是失败了。 Jack tried to climb up the mountain,  . 【答案】but he failed at last 16. inspire /ɪnˈspaɪə(r)/ v. 激励，鼓舞；赋予灵感，启发 [词汇拓展] inspiration (n.)灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事；inspiring (adj.)鼓舞人心的；inspired (adj.)受到鼓舞的 [词汇搭配] inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事 [词汇例句] Her work didn't exactly inspire me with confidence.她的工作并没有真正地使我产生信心。 [随学随练] 用所给词的适当形式填空 (1) These great artworks come from ________ (inspire) and creativity. 【答案】inspiration 【详解】句意:这些伟大的艺术作品来自灵感和创造力。 考查名词用法。根据后文and creativity，空格处与activity名词并列，故填名词形式。inspire的名词形式为inspiration，此处表示灵感，用作不可数名词。故填inspiration。 (2) The movie about the young inventor was truly (inspire). It made me want to create something new. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】句意：这部关于年轻发明家的电影真的很鼓舞人心。它让我想要创造一些新的东西。was是系动词，后接形容词作表语。inspire是动词，其形容词形式inspiring“鼓舞人心的”，常用来修饰事物，描述电影的性质；inspired多用来修饰人，表示“受到鼓舞的”。故填inspiring。 (3) The movie about environmental protection inspired many people (protect) the planet. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：这部关于环境保护的电影激励很多人去保护地球。inspire sb. to do sth.“鼓舞某人做某事，激励某人做某事”，是固定搭配，用to protect。故填to protect。 (4) The story (inspire) us to follow our dreams last week. 【答案】inspired 【详解】句意：上周，这个故事激励我们追寻自己的梦想。根据所给词可知，inspire“激励”，动词原形；又根据句中“last week”可知，时态为一般过去时，所以此处应该填入inspire的过去式inspired，作谓语。故填inspired。 17. strict /strɪkt/ adj. 严厉的；严格的 [词汇拓展] strictly (adv.) 严格地 [词汇搭配] be strict with sb. 对某人严格；be strict in sth. 对某事严格 [词汇例句] Our teacher is strict with us in our study. 我们的老师在学习上对我们要求很严格。 [随学随练] 单项填空 Don’t be too strict ________ yourself ________ everything. Too much stress is harmful to your health. A．in; with B．in; on C．with; in D．with; on 【答案】C 【详解】句意：凡事不要太严格要求自己。压力太大对你的健康有害。 考查介词用法。in在……方面；with带着；on在……上面。be strict with sb. in sth.意为“在某方面对某人要求严格”，符合语境。故选C。 18. surprisingly /səˈpraɪzɪŋli/ adv. 出人意料地 [词汇拓展] surprise (n.) 惊喜；惊讶；(v.) 使惊讶；surprising (adj.) 令人惊讶的 surprised (adj.) 感到惊讶的 [词汇搭配] surprisingly nice 出奇得好；surprisingly good 出人意料地好 [随学随练] 用surprise适当形式填空 (1) At last, the big day arrived! They put on their show and surprised everyone. (2) The next morning people were all surprised to see that the stone was gone. (3) To my surprise, Danny stood up and said simply, “I won’t go with you. ” (4) It is surprising that only 20% of the news online is true. (5) —Why do schools encourage students to take part in more social activities? —Not surprisingly, to develop social skills. 19. stage /steɪdʒ/ n. 舞台；阶段 [词汇拓展] stage performance 舞台表演；stage a play 上演一出戏 [词汇搭配] dance on stage在舞台上跳舞；at an early stage 在早期阶段 [词汇例句] The children are at different stages of development.这些孩子处于不同的成长阶段。 [随学随练] 选出与划线部分相同含义的选项 This is an important stage for you to be successful. A．choice B．instruction C．step D．experience 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这是你成功的一个重要阶段。 考查名词辨析。choice选择；instruction指示；step步骤，阶段；experience经验，经历。该句中“stage”意为“阶段”，C选项step有相同意义，故选C。 20. importantly /ɪmˈpɔːtəntli/ adv. 重要地 [词汇拓展] important (adj.) 重要的；importance (n.) 重要性 [词汇搭配] most importantly 最重要的是；more importantly 更重要的是 [词汇例句] Importantly, we should learn to respect others. 重要的是，我们应该学会尊重他人。 [随学随练] 用important适当形式填空 (1) It’s important for students to learn how to take care of themselves. (2) Yang Zhenning is one of the most important scientists in the world. (3) Since then, the story has shown us the importance of being kind and tolerant. (4) —I feel sorry for my mistake. —Take it easy. Nobody is perfect. Most importantly, you should learn from your mistake. (5) —Dad, I really want to play soccer so that I can make a lot of money. —Money isn’t everything, my son. Getting a good education is much more important. 3、 重难句型解析 1. 连接代词引导定语从句 (教材原句)Hobbies That Are Good for You  有益身心的爱好 (教材原句)He started programming when he was ten, after he read about famous businessmen who started out as programmers.他在十岁时开始编程，当时他读到一些从程序员起家的著名商人的故事。 (教材原句)One of the people who inspires me the most is my dance instructor. 最能激励我的人之一是我的舞蹈教练。 第一句中that are good for you是that引导的定语从句修饰前面的hobbies。 第二句中的who started out as programmers和第三句中的who inspires me the most都是who引导的定语从句修饰前面的名词famous businessmen和one of the people. that和who都属于连接代词。当被修饰名词是表示“人”的名词，可用who引导定语从句，也可是使用that引导；当被修饰名词是表示“物”的名词，可用which引导定语从句，也可是使用that引导。 that和who引导定语从句时，在从句中充当主干成分。它们可以代替前面被修饰的名词在从句中充当主语，此时，其后的谓语动词要注意主谓一致问题。 如：I love the gift that/which Grandpa gives me.我喜欢爷爷送我的礼物。 We should be thankful to the people who help us. 我们应当感激帮助过我们的人。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —Hi, Mary. Do you know Jay Chou? —Sure. He is a popular singer ________ comes from Taiwan. A．whom B．what C．who D．which 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——嗨，玛丽。你认识周杰伦吗？——当然。他是一位来自台湾的流行歌手。 考查关系代词辨析。whom谁（宾格）；what什么（不能引导定语从句）；who谁（主格）；which哪个。根据“He is a popular singer...comes from Taiwan”可知，空格处需填入关系代词引导定语从句，修饰先行词“singer”（指人），且在从句中作主语，应用主格“who”。故选C。 (2) The students are reading books _________ are full of the “red spirit” these days. A．who B．where C．which D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这些天学生们在读充满“红色精神” 的书籍。 考查定语从句关系词。who指代人，作主语/宾语；where指代地点，作状语；which指代物，作主语/宾语；when指代时间，作状语。此处先行词是books，且关系词在从句中作主语，用which。故选C。 (3) I prefer movies ________ me something to think about. A．which gives B．that gives C．that give D．who give 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我更喜欢那些给我一些思考的电影。 考查定语从句和主谓一致。句子是定语从句，先行词是movies，且关系词在从句中作主语，用that/which引导定语从句，且关系词指代名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故选C。 2. so...that...引导结果状语从句 (教材原句)Her dad sent it to her when she was five, and she liked it so much that she put it up on her bedroom wall!她爸爸在她五岁时寄给她的，她非常喜欢，就把它贴在了卧室的墙上！ 此句中so...that...表示“如此...以至于...”，引导结果状语从句，so是副词，后接形容词或副词，that后为从句，表示结果。 such...that...也用于引导结果状语从句，such后接名词或名词短语。 如：He was so excited that he couldn’t fall asleep. 他太兴奋了以至于睡不着。 He made such an excellent performance that everyone cheered for him. 他表现得如此出色，大家都为 他欢呼。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) —What do you think of the movie? —It’s ________ wonderful ________ I want to see it again. A．too; to B．so; that C．as; as D．such; that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你觉得这部电影怎么样？——它太精彩了，以至于我想再看一遍。 考查结果状语从句。too; to太……而不能……，to后接动词原形，构成不定式结构；so; that如此……以至于……，so后接形容词或副词，that引导结果状语从句；as; as和……一样……，中间接形容词或副词的原级；such; that如此……以至于……，such后接名词，that引导结果状语从句。根据语境可知，此处是在描述电影非常精彩，以至于想要再看一遍，这是一个结果状语从句，且wonderful是形容词，所以应该用so; that。故选B。 (2) Jane Eyre is ________ a wonderful book ________ I want to read it again. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：《简爱》是如此精彩的一本书以至于我想再读一遍。 考查固定搭配“such...that”的用法。so...that如此……以至于，so后接形容词或副词，that引导从句；such...that如此……以至于，such后接名词短语，that引导从句；too...to太……而不能，too后接形容词或副词，to后接动词原形；enough...to足够……做某事，to后接动词原形。句中“a wonderful book”为名词短语，“I want to read it again.”为句子，需用“such...that”引导结果状语从句。故选B。 3. as long as引导条件状语从句 (教材原句)As long as you don’t give up, you’ll get better at it over time. 只要你不放弃，随着时间的推移，你会做得更好。 as long as表示“只要”，引导条件状语从句，并且遵循“主将从现”时态原则。此外，if，unless，once也可用于引导条件状语从句。 如：We won’t finish the task on time unless we ask the teacher for help. 除非我们向老师求助，否则我们不会按时完成任务。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 只要你早起，你就有时间锻炼身体。 You will have some time to do exercise as long as you get up earlier. (2) 如果你不尽力做某事，你就不会成功。 You won’t be successful if you don’t try your best to do something. 4. when与whenever引导时间状语从句 (教材原句)She’s happy to see me whenever I visit, especially when I bring her some carrots for a snack. 每次我来拜访她，她都很高兴见到我，尤其是当我给她带些胡萝卜当零食的时候。 此句中whenever I visit和when I bring her some carrots for a snack都是时间状语从句，whenever“无论何时”，表示任何时间。when“当...时”，表示具体的、一次性的时间点或时间段，强调动作发生的特定时刻。 如：She was cooking when the phone rang. 电话响起的时候，她正在做饭。 Whenever I visit her, she welcomes me at the door. 每次我去看她，她都会在门口欢迎我。 [随学随练] 选词填空（when/whenever） (1) _______ I get home, my dog always runs to me. 【答案】Whenever 【详解】从句 “我到家” 是重复性动作，主句 “狗总是跑向我” 体现习惯性，故用 whenever。 (2) I was watching TV _______ the doorbell rang. 【答案】when 【详解】从句 “门铃响” 是具体的一次性动作，主句 “我正在看电视” 表过去进行时，故用 when。 (3) _______ you need help, you can call me. 【答案】Whenever 【详解】详解：句意为 “无论你什么时候需要帮助，都可以打电话给我”，强调任意时间，故用 whenever。 4、 其他知识解析 1. 动名词作主语 (教材原句)Reading or listening to music can help us to calm down after a busy day.阅读或听音乐可以帮助我们在忙碌一天后平静下来。 此句中Reading or listening to music动名词在句中作主语。当单个的动名词作主语，谓语动词要用单数。 如：Doing calligraphy makes me relaxed. 练习书法使我感到放松。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) ________ art can make our life more colorful. A．Creating B．Create C．Creates D．Created 【答案】A 【详解】句意：创造艺术可以使我们的生活更加丰富多彩。 考查非谓语动词。句中缺少主语，表示一种行为作主语时，应用动名词形式；“Creating art”作主语，谓语动词用原形can make。B项Create为动词原形，不能直接作主语；C项Creates为谓语形式；D项Created为过去分词，均不符合。故选A。 (2) Learning about different art forms ________ us understand diverse cultures. A．help B．helps C．is helping D．helped 【答案】B 【详解】句意：学习不同的艺术形式帮助我们理解多元文化。 考查主谓一致。主语“Learning about different art forms”是动名词短语，作单数处理，谓语动词需用单数形式，B项符合。故选B。 2. 不定式用法 (1) 作状语 (教材原句)For example, people sometimes paint pictures to remember a beautiful landscape or object, or reduce stress.例如，人们有时会画画来记住美丽的风景或物体，或者减轻压力。 此句中to remember a beautiful landscape or object, or reduce stress是三个并列的不定式作目的状语。多个不定式并列时，一般省略第二个和后面的不定式的符号to。 如：My grandpa always does kung fu to spend his free time. 我爷爷经常练习武术度过空闲时间。 (教材原句)I’m lucky to have her life. 我很幸运能拥有她的生活。 此句中to have her in life作原因状语。 如：We are sorry to hear the bad news. 听到这个坏消息，我们很抱歉。 (2) 不定式作定语 (教材原句)He thinks that apps can be a great way to help people.他认为应用程序是帮助人们的好方法。 此句中to help people作定语修饰前面的名词way。一些名词，如ability,chance,choice,opportunity,place等后常跟不定式作定语。 如：Everyone is born with the ability to learn. 人人天生具有学习的能力。 (3) 不定式作主语(it作形式主语) (教材原句)It gives me such a sense of achievement to see people using the app,” says Luca.“看到人们使用这个应用程序，我很有成就感，”卢卡说。 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see people using the app。 (教材原句)I think it’s interesting to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries.我认为看到其他国家美丽的建筑和风景很有趣。 此句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式to see the beautiful buildings and landscapes in foreign countries。 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，常用句型有：It is+adj./n.+ to do sth. 如：It is a good idea to take up some hobbies. 培养一些业余爱好是个好主意。 It is wonderful to have a trip . 进行一次实地考察真是太棒了。 (4) 不定式作宾语补足语 (教材原句)“I believe I’m helping people around the world to learn Italian!我相信我正在帮助世界各地的人们学习意大利语！ 此句中to learn Italian跟在helping people around the world后作宾语补足语，补充说明宾语people around the world。help后接不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to也可以省略。如教材原句：Horse riding also helps me stay fit. 一些动词后常跟复合宾语结构，常用不定式作宾语补足语，例如ask（要求）、tell（告诉）、order（命令）、allow（允许）、want（想要）、wish（希望）、expect（期望）、encourage（鼓励）、inspire(激励、鼓励)、invite（邀请）、advise（建议）、remind（提醒） 如：Our teacher doesn’t allow us to us mobile phone at school. 我们老师不允许我们在学校使用手机。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) Teachers always do what they can ________ us. I am deeply moved. A．help B．helping C．helps D．to help 【答案】D 【详解】句意：老师们总是尽他们所能帮助我们。我深受感动。 考查非谓语动词。help帮助，动词原形；helping动名词/现在分词；helps第三人称单数形式；to help不定式。根据“Teachers always do what they can…us.”可知，此处“帮助我们”是“尽所能”的目的，需用动词不定式“to help”表目的。故选D。 (2) When it snows, children are happy ________ snowmen outside. A．making B．to making C．make D．to make 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下雪时，孩子们很高兴在外面堆雪人。 考查非谓语动词。be happy to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“很开心做某事”，动词不定式此处作原因状语。故选D。 (3) I think finding a good study partner is a useful way ________ English grammar. A．learn B．learning C．learned D．to learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我认为找到一个好的学习伙伴是学习英语语法的一个有用方法。 考查非谓语动词。learn学习，动词原形；learning学习，现在分词/动名词；learned学习，过去式/过去分词；to learn学习；动词不定式。根据“I think finding a good study partner is a useful way...English grammar.”可知，a way to do sth“做某事的方法”，因此此处用动词不定式。故选D。 (4) —Our Chinese teacher asks us ______ a diary in Chinese every day. —So my father made me ______ two pages of my diary last night. A．write; to write B．write; writing C．to write; to write D．to write; write 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们的语文老师要求我们每天用中文写日记。——所以我爸爸昨晚让我写了两页日记。 考查动词ask和make的用法。ask后接动词不定式，即ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，故第一空填to write；make作为使役动词，后接动词原形，即make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”，故第二空填write。故选D。 (5) It’s important for kids _________ to relax. A．learn B．to learn C．learning D．learned 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对孩子们来说学会放松很重要。 考查非谓语动词。该句为句型“it’s adj. for sb to do sth”，表示“对某人来说做某事是……”，it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填B。 3. prefer用法 (教材原句)Some people prefer not to make things.They prefer to collect them! 有些人更喜欢不制作东西，而是收集它们！ prefer表示“更喜欢，偏爱”，后可接名词，动名词或不定式作宾语。也用于以下结构： prefer A to B 表示“比起 B，更喜欢 A”；prefer doing A to doing B表示“比起做B，更喜欢做A” prefer to do A rather than do B表示“宁愿做 A，而不愿做 B” 如：She prefers to read rather than watch TV. 他宁愿读书，而不愿看电视。 I prefer swimming to running. 比起跑步，我更喜欢游泳。 [随学随练] 翻译句子 (1) 比起在城市里逛街购物，我更喜欢在森林里徒步旅行。 【答案】I prefer hiking in the forest to shopping in the city. (2) 她早上更喜欢喝茶，而不是咖啡。 【答案】 She prefers to drink tea rather than coffee in the morning. 4. 非谓语动词的否定 (教材原句)Some people prefer not to make things.They prefer to collect them! 有些人更喜欢不制作东西，而是收集它们！ (教材原句)That sounds fun, but I’m worried about not being good at it.这听起来有趣，但我担心自己不擅长。 以上两句中to make things和being good at it都是非谓语动词形式，前者是不定式，后者是动词-ing形式。它们在变否定式时，在其前面加not变为not to do...和not doing...。 如：He is sorry for not helping you yesterday. 他为昨天没有帮助你而感到抱歉。 She decides not to go to the party tonight. 她决定今晚不去参加派对。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The teacher asked us ______ noise in the library. A．not make B．not to make C．don’t make D．not making 【答案】B 【详解】句意：老师要求我们在图书馆不要制造噪音。 考查非谓语动词。ask sb. not to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“要求某人不要做某事”，因此空格处应填not to make。故选B。 (2) Would you mind ________ here? I’m doing my homework. A．not to sing B．to sing C．not singing D．sang 【答案】C 【详解】句意：请不要在这里唱歌好吗？我正在做作业。 考查非谓语动词用法。mind doing sth.表示“介意做某事”，固定结构，可排除A、B、D项。根据“I’m doing my homework.”可知，需用否定式not singing。故选C。 5. it作形式宾语 (教材原句)I find it fun to paint. 我发现画画很有趣。 此句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式。一些动词如find，believe，feel，make，keep等后为保持句子平衡，当宾语较长时，常用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 如：The teacher made it clear that we should hand in our homework on time.老师明确表示，我们应该按时交作业。 [随学随练] 单项填空 (1) The Chinese government has made ________ possible for people to live happy lives. A．this B．that C．it D．its 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国政府已经使人民过上幸福生活成为可能。 考查形式宾语it的用法。this这个；that那个；it它；its它的。 make it+形容词+for sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事变得……”，这是一个固定句式；其中it是形式宾语，用来替代后面真正的宾语，其他选项(this/that/its)都不能充当形式宾语，因此空格处应填it。故选C。 (2) I find it hard ________ on my study if I don’t eat breakfast A．focus B．focusing C．focused D．to focus 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我发现如果我不吃早饭，就很难集中精力学习。     考查非谓语动词。focus关注，第三人称单数形式；focusing现在分词/动名词；focused过去式/过去分词；to focus动词不定式形式。find it + 形容词 + to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“发现做某事是……的”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。因此，空格处应填to focus。故选D。 5、 知识过关练习 1. 词汇填空  根据据提示填写正确形式的单词，每空一词。 (1) Kids like to pick up small (物品) such as shells along the beach. 【答案】objects (2) My parents don’t (允许) me to go out on school nights. 【答案】allow (3) Tu Youyou is a great scientist with many (成就). 【答案】achievements (4) An elephant has a good (感觉官能) of direction. 【答案】sense (5) Both my brother and I like collecting (硬币). 【答案】coins (6) The lovely rabbits on these s (邮票) remind me of my sweet childhood. 【答案】(s)tamps (7) Teachers and parents should pay attention to (青少年的) problems. 【答案】teenage (8) When I travel in other cities, I’d like to buy some local (明信片)。 【答案】postcards (9) More and more (外国的) friends love China because of Chinese traditional culture. 【答案】foreign (10) My classmate John finds many of my (建议) useful. 【答案】suggestions (11) Don’t be afraid of (失败); it’s a part of learning. 【答案】failure (12) My father i （激励）me to try harder if I want to make progress. 【答案】inspires (13) The boys and girls are now singing on that (舞台) over there. 【答案】stage (14) I (宁愿) walk than take a crowded bus during rush hour. 【答案】 would rather (15) The little girl (梦想成为) a princess at a very early age. 【答案】dreamt of being/dreamed of being/dreamt of becoming/dreamed of becoming (16) My parents are (对...严格的) me in my study. 【答案】 strict with (17) (到目前为止) I have made lots of friends in my school. 【答案】 So far (18) Teachers and parents should teach teenagers how to (减少压力). 【答案】 reduce stress 2. 单句语法填空 用所给词的正确形式填空或者根据句意填写适当的单词使句意通顺。 (1) The doctor will allow me ________ (leave) the hospital tomorrow if I get better. 【答案】to leave 【详解】句意：如果我的情况好转，医生明天会允许我离开医院。 考查动词不定式。allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”。故填to leave。 (2) Everyone should pay attention to (reduce) waste around them to protect the environment. 【答案】reducing 【详解】句意：每个人都应该注意减少身边的浪费以保护环境。reduce“减少”，动词；pay attention to doing sth.表示“注意做某事”，固定词组。故填reducing。 (3) I saw some (object) in the sky, but I didn’t know what they were. 【答案】objects 【详解】句意：我看到天空中有一些物体，但我不知道它们是什么。根据空格前的“some”可知，空格上要填名词；some可修饰可数名词复数形式和不可数名词。所给词object意为“物体”，作名词时是可数名词。故填其复数形式objects。故填objects。 (4) Some students from one of the European countries are teaching us how to cook (Italy) food. 【答案】Italian 【详解】句意：一些来自一个欧洲国家的学生正在教我们如何做意大利菜。根据“how to cook…food”及提示词可知，此处需用形容词修饰food，表示“意大利的食物”；Italy需变为Italian“意大利的”，形容词。故填Italian。 (5) His dream job is to be a computer (program) after graduation. 【答案】programmer 【详解】句意：他的梦想工作是毕业后成为一名计算机程序员。根据“His dream job”可知，此处需要一个表示职业的名词单数，programmer“程序员”符合句意，故填programmer。 (6) The horse danger and stopped. (sense) 【答案】sensed 【详解】句意：这匹马察觉到了危险，停了下来。根据“stopped”可知，此处时态为一般过去时，sense“察觉”，动词，其过去式为sensed。故填sensed。 (7) Walking on the moon was a great (achieve) for mankind. 【答案】achievement 【详解】句意：在月球上行走对人类来说是一个伟大的成就。空处位于“a great”后，填可数名词单数作表语。achieve“取得”，动词，名词为achievement“成就”，指具体成就时，是可数的。故填achievement。 (8) I want to buy some (stamp) in the post office. 【答案】stamps 【详解】句意：我想在邮局买些邮票。some后跟可数名词的复数形式或不可数名词，stamp“邮票”，为可数名词，复数为stamps，故填stamps。 (9) Getting enough sleep is important for (teenage). 【答案】teenagers 【详解】句意：充足的睡眠对青少年来说很重要。teenage“青少年的”，形容词，介词for后面用名词形式作宾语，teenage的名词形式为teenager“青少年”，应用复数形式泛指青少年们。故填teenagers。 (10) I am very proud that I can tell Chinese folk stories to (foreign) in English. 【答案】foreigners 【详解】句意：我很自豪能用英语给外国人讲中国民间故事。foreign“外国的”，介词to后面表示要讲述的对象，用名词形式foreigner“外国人”，用复数形式表泛指。故填foreigners. (11) My teacher gave me some (suggest) on how to keep healthy. 【答案】suggestions 【详解】句意：我的老师给了我一些关于如何保持健康的建议。suggest“建议”，动词；some后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，suggest的名词形式为suggestion，可数名词，其复数形式为suggestions。故填suggestions。 (12) Thousands of people are going hungry because of the (fail) of this year’s harvest. 【答案】failure 【详解】句意：由于今年收成不好，成千上万的人正在挨饿。根据提示词及“because of the...of this year’s harvest.”可知，此处应用名词形式，表示收成不好。fail“失败”，动词，其名词形式为failure。故填failure。 (13) I was hungry, and more (important), my children were hungry. 【答案】importantly 【详解】句意：我饿了，更重要的是，我的孩子们也饿了。根据“I was hungry, and more…my children were hungry.”可知，此处表示“更重要的是”，应用副词短语more importantly，空处应用important的副词形式。故填importantly。 (14) Not (surprise), after a long day of hiking, the group was eager to sit down and enjoy a hot meal. 【答案】surprisingly 【详解】句意：毫不意外，在漫长的一天徒步旅行之后，这群人急切地想要坐下来享用一顿热乎的饭菜。分析句子结构可知，此处需用一个副词作状语，修饰整个句子；结合括号内给出的“surprise”，其副词形式“surprisingly”符合“修饰整个句子”的语法要求，“Not surprisingly”表示“长途徒步后团队想坐下来吃饭”这件事本身不令人意外。故填surprisingly。 (15) She is forgetful that she often leaves her keys at her office. 【答案】so 【详解】句意：她如此健忘，以至于经常把钥匙落在办公室。根据“She is...forgetful that she often leaves her keys at her office.”可知，此处是“so...that...”结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，用于引导结果状语从句。故填so。 (16) (spend) some time with your friends will be a lot of fun. 【答案】Spending 【详解】句意：花一些时间和朋友在一起会很有趣。根据“...some time with your friends will be a lot of fun.”可知，此处在句中作主语，应用spend的动名词形式spending，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Spending。 (17) The old man finds it useful (exercise) every morning. 【答案】to exercise 【详解】句意：老人发现每天早晨锻炼很有用。it是形式宾语，句型“find it+adj.+to do sth.”发现做某事是什么样子的，故填to exercise。 (18) Is this small museum a good place (learn) about your hometown? 【答案】to learn 【详解】句意：这个小博物馆是了解你家乡的好地方吗？由“Is this small museum a good place…about your hometown”可知，此处应用动词不定式作定语修饰place。故填to learn。 3. 单项填空 (1) Many countries have food banks ________ food waste. A．reduced B．reducing C．to reduce D．reduce 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多国家建立了食物银行以减少食物浪费。 考查非谓语动词。空格处需填入一个非谓语动词形式，表示“食物银行”的目的，用动词不定式作目的状语。故选C。 (2) Our teachers allow ______in groups, but my parents don’t allow me  ______ at my friend’s home. A．studying; studying B．studying;to study C．to study;studying D．to study;to study 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们的老师允许小组为单位学习，但我的父母不允许我在朋友家学习。 考查非谓语动词。短语allow doing sth.表示“允许做某事”；短语allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人去做某事”。第一空用doing的形式，排除CD；第二空是“允许某人去做某事”，用allow sb. to do sth.，排除A。根据题意，故选B。 (3) —What do you think of China’s Space industry? —Wonderful! In the past thirty years, China has made great ________ in the space field. A．development B．excitements C．achievements D．environment 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你认为中国的航天工业怎么样？——太棒了！在过去的三十年里，中国在航天领域取得了巨大的成就。 考查名词辨析。development发展；excitements兴奋；achievements成就；environment环境。根据“China has made great...in the space field.”可知，此处指中国在航天领域取得成就，应用achievements与“make”搭配。故选C。 (4) My pronunciation is poor. Could you give me some ________? A．advises B．advices C．suggestions D．a advice 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我的发音很差，你能给我一些建议吗？ 考查名词辨析。advise建议，动词；advice建议，不可数名词，没有复数形式；suggestion建议，可数名词，复数形式为suggestions。根据“Could you give me some…”可知，some后通常接可数名词复数或不可数名词。故选C。 (5) —What a heavy rain! —So it is. I prefer ________ rather than ________ on such a rainy day. A．to go out; stay at home B．to stay at home; go out C．going out; stay at home D．staying at home; go out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：多么大的一场雨啊！——确实如此。在如此一个雨天，我宁愿呆在家，也不愿意出去。 考查不定式用法。prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.“宁愿做...而不做...”。故选B。 (6) After retiring from her busy job, Mrs.Smith plans to ________ a new hobby like painting to make her life more colorful. A．pick up B．put up C．look up D．take up 【答案】D 【详解】句意：从繁忙的工作退休后，史密斯夫人计划开始一项新爱好，比如绘画，让生活更丰富多彩。 考查动词短语。pick up捡起；put up张贴；look up查找；take up开始从事。根据“a new hobby”可知，此处指开始从事一项“新的爱好”活动。故选D。 (7) The old scientist is strict ________ himself and strict ________ his work. A．in; with B．with; in C．in; in D．with; with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位老科学家严以律己并且对他的工作严格要求。 考查介词。be strict with sb in sth意为“对某人在某方面严格要求”，为固定用法。故选B。 (8) —I came across a lot of problems in my new school. —You will ________ them if you don’t give up. A．take up B．get over C．give away D．go off 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我在新学校遇到了很多问题。——如果你不放弃，你就会克服它们。 考查动词短语。take up开始从事；get over克服；give away赠送；go off变质。根据“I came across a lot of problems in my new school.”可知如果不放弃就能克服在新学校遇到的问题。故选B。 (9) The coach told young players not to fear ________ and he hoped they could face the future with courage. A．deal B．failure C．chance D．symbol 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教练告诉年轻运动员不要害怕失败，并且希望他们能够勇敢面对未来。 考查名词辨析。deal交易，协议；failure失败；chance机会；symbol象征。根据句意可知“教练希望他们能够勇敢面对未来”，“教练告诉年轻的运动员不要害怕失败”，应用“failure”。故选B。 (10) —What do you think of your English teacher? —She ________ us, but we all like her so much. A．is friendly to B．is popular with C．is strict with D．is different from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你觉得你的英语老师怎么样？——她对我们很严格，但我们都很喜欢她。 考查形容词短语。is friendly to对……友好；is popular with受……欢迎；is strict with对……严格；is different from与...不同。根据句中转折连词“but”可知，前后语义形成对比，根据后半句“we all like her so much”，可知前半句应描述老师一个可能不直接导致喜欢的特点，“要求严格”最符合逻辑，故选C。 4. 翻译句子或补全句子 (1) 很多女人为了减肥，宁愿不吃早饭。 【答案】Many women prefer not to have breakfast to lose weight. (2) 在所有科目中，我最喜欢英语，因为它能让我和来自不同国家的人交流。 Among all the subjects, I like English the most because 【答案】 it allows me to communicate with people from different countries (3) 我发现熬夜对我们的身体不好。 【答案】I find it is bad for our health to stay up too late. (4) 能帮你找到丢失的笔记本，是我的荣幸。 【答案】It’s my pleasure to help you find your lost notebook. (5) 他的故事告诉我们，只要我们继续下去，我们的梦想终有一天会成真。 His story teaches us that 【答案】our dreams will one day come true as long as we keep going. (6) 一切发生得那么快，我连思考的时间都没有。 【答案】Everything happened so fast that I didn’t even have time to think. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $