专题02 语法填空之无提示词（复习讲义）（上海专用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考语法填空无提示词核心考点，涵盖三大从句、并列句、特殊句式及冠介代情态动词等，按“考情精解-知能架构-考点攻坚”逻辑组织，通过考点梳理（如定语从句三步法）、方法指导（语境逻辑分析）、真题训练（2026各区一模题）等环节，帮助学生构建知识网络，突破语法应用难点。 资料以核心素养为导向，创新“语境-成分-语义”三重匹配训练，如表语从句连接词选择结合语篇逻辑推导，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设置分层练习（基础巩固、能力提升），配合即时反馈，确保高效复习，为教师把控复习节奏、提升学生应考能力提供有力支撑。

专题02 语法填空之无提示词 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查三大从句中的引导词 4 知识点1定语从句 4 知识点2 名词性从句 8 知识点3 状语从句 10 考点二 考查并列句及并列连词 12 考点三 考查特殊句式 12 知识点1强调句式 15 知识点2 倒装句 16 知识点3 省略句 17 知识点4 there be 句型 17 知识点5感叹句 18 考点四 考查冠、介、代、情态动词及其它 20 知识点1 冠词 22 知识点2 介词 22 知识点3 代词 23 知识点4情态动词及其它 23 26年各区一模命题透视 题材覆盖社会热点、文化传统、生活场景等，贴近现实；无提示词考查聚焦语篇逻辑衔接与固定搭配应用，核心考点集中（连词、代词、介词为主），强调语法在语境中的灵活运用，重复率高。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 连词（占比超 50%，核心重点） 定语从句连词： which：引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子或可数名词 / 代词，在从句中作主语或宾语（如静安区一模 3 题，指代 “通过尖叫赶熊出门” 这件事，作从句主语）。 whose：表所属关系，修饰先行词（人 / 物），在从句中作定语（如松江区一模 4 题，修饰先行词 writing，表 “书写的功能”）。 where：先行词为地点或抽象地点（如 study、museum），在从句中作地点状语（如嘉定区一模 7 题，修饰先行词 study，表 “在该研究中”）。 状语从句连词： 原因状语：because/as/since（如虹口区一模 8 题，引导 “童话反映人类经历真相” 与 “有力量” 的因果关系）。 让步状语：though/although/while（如崇明区一模 3 题，连接 “人类与机器人分道跑” 和 “首次同场竞技” 的转折关系）。 时间 / 条件状语：once/when/if（如静安区一模 8 题，表 “熊不再怕人类时 / 如果” 的逻辑）。 结果状语：that（构成 so...that... 句型，如黄浦区一模 7 题，表 “狗被视为社区一部分，以至于共同生活”）。 名词性从句连词： what：引导主语 / 表语 / 宾语从句，从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，指代 “…… 的事物”（如静安区一模 4 题，引导主语从句，指代 “接下来发生的事”）。 that：引导宾语从句 / 表语从句，从句结构完整、语义明确，仅起连接作用（如嘉定区一模 5 题，与前文 that 从句并列，表 “牺牲睡眠对成功至关重要”）。 2. 代词 指示代词：those 指代前文同类复数名词（避免重复），如嘉定区一模 1 题，指代前文 “people in the United States, Canada, and Europe”。 人称代词：they 指代前文复数名词（如静安区一模 7 题，指代 bears）；him 指代前文男性名词（如普陀区一模 10 题，指代 son）。 不定代词：nobody 表否定含义，契合语境逻辑（如松江区一模 9 题，表 “学校全面禁手机后，没人会用这种方式社交”）。 形式宾语：it 作形式宾语，替代后面的不定式短语（如宝山区一模 9 题，it 替代 to participate in an OCR）。 3. 介词（侧重固定搭配与语境逻辑） 固定搭配类：to（如静安区一模 1 题，help oneself to）、from（如闵行区一模 2 题，draw inspiration from）、between（如嘉定区一模 10 题，between...and...）、beyond（如松江区一模 7 题，go beyond）。 语境逻辑类：before/within（如崇明区一模 8 题，表 “在人类截止时间之前 / 之内”）、with（如徐汇区一模 9 题，with unprecedented clarity，表 “以空前的清晰度”）。 4. 固定句型 whether：构成 whether...or... 结构（如浦东新区一模 4 题，表 “无论是保护身份还是吸引读者”）。 that：除引导从句外，还用于 so...that... 等固定句型（如黄浦区一模 7 题）。 2026高考 命题预测 考点：延续连词（定语 / 状语 / 名词性从句）、介词、代词的核心地位，无新增考点。 趋势：更侧重语篇逻辑判断（如状语从句连词需结合上下文语义推导），固定搭配类介词考查更隐蔽（需结合语境而非机械记忆）。 题材：仍以社会热点、文化交流、生活体验类语篇为主，语境对无提示词选择的影响增强。 考点一 考查三大从句中引导词 （2026 年虹口区一模第 6 题）But deep down, the original fear is (6) ________ gave fairy tales their power. 命题解读 新考法：考查表语从句的连接词选择，从句缺少主语且指代 “赋予童话力量的核心事物”，需结合语义逻辑判断用 what，而非单纯考查连接词的语法规则，侧重 “语境 - 成分 - 语义” 的三重匹配。 新意境：以 “童话的深层力量” 为主题，融合文学、心理学视角，聚焦青少年成长中 “恐惧与成长” 的关联，情境新颖且贴近人文素养考查，摆脱传统从句的单一语境。 知识点1 定语从句 1．确定是定语从句 设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句。当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后再根据先行词在句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。 2．掌握三步法解题技巧 (1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 (2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。 ①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ②先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 (3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。 ①缺少主语：that/which/who； ②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③缺少定语：whose； ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 1．that与which的区别 (1)只用which不用that的情况： ①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时； ②引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)只用that不用which的情况： ①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时； ②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时。 2．which与as 关系词 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的 限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样” 考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词 （核心：关系代词 which/who/whose/that 等在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，需根据先行词的属性（人 / 物 / 整个句子）及从句成分选择） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 3 题 He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, (3) ______ eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows. 2 2026 年虹口区一模第 2 题 In Hansel and Gretel, two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch, (2) ______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival. 3 2026 年松江区一模第 4 题 Plato complained that writing, (4) ______ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them. 考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词 （核心：关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，先行词通常为表示时间、地点、原因的名词） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年黄浦区一模第 3 题 there have been instances (3) ______ she’s had to be firmer. 2 2026 年嘉定区一模第 7 题 A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan. 3 2026 年奉贤区一模第 7 题 He asked his third prince to establish a museum of mathematics (7) ______ talented scholars would engage in research and observation. 考向3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 （核心：介词需根据先行词的搭配、从句中动词的固定搭配或句意确定，关系代词常用 which/whom，不可用 that） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年崇明区一模第 6 题 Only six of the 21 competing robots, all of (6) ______ had to be bipedal rather than on wheels, successfully completed the course. 2 2026 年闵行区一模第 8 题 family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, (8) ______ value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve. 3 2026 年浦东新区一模第 7 题 (7) ______ all the case studies in Pen Names, the most interesting ones are those of authors who created public images for their pseudonym. 考向4 考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 例1Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 例2Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  知识点2考查名词性从句 一、宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 连接词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom，which，whichever，whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语 ①I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。 ②We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。 ③I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。 2．形式宾语【高频再现】 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that＋从句 Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 3．宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 二、表语从句 1.表语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 连接词 that, whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 2．as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。 3．其他常考的表语从句【高频再现】 (1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” 三、主语从句 1.主语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 连接词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom，which, whichever，whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where，how, why 在从句中作状语 When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。 Where Professor Han was born is known to the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。 What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. 影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。 (2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别： 主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。 Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。 It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。 2．形式主语【高频再现】 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 考向1 宾语从句 （核心：从句充当动词、介词或形容词的宾语，需根据从句成分选择连接词 that/what/which/whether 等，注意虚拟语气和时态一致） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年虹口区一模第 4 题 Bruno Bettelhem suggested that fairy tales (4)_________ (allow) the mind to deal safely with emotions. 2 2026 年嘉定区一模第 5 题 In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and (5) ______ sacrificing sleep is vital for success. 3 2026 年松江区一模第 5 题 These tech-enthusiasts do not always know 5 is in the best interests of the students. 考向2 表语从句 （核心：从句充当系动词（is/was 等）的表语，需根据从句语义和成分选择连接词 that/what/because 等，从句需用陈述语序） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年虹口区一模第 6 题 But deep down, the original fear is (6) ________ gave fairy tales their power. 2 2026 年崇明区一模第 1 题 That’s 1 China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants. 3 2026 年青浦区一模第 2 题 Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world. 考向3 主语从句 （核心：从句充当句子主语，可位于句首或用 it 作形式主语，需根据从句成分选择连接词 what/who/that 等） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 4 题 (4) ________ happened next was even more alarming for Priest. 2 2026 年黄浦区一模第 9 题 But 9 is clear is that feeders aren’t the problem—they’re part of the solution. 3 2026 年长宁区一模第 3 题 3 it will introduce next is tightened security in the gallery.（答案：What） 考向4 同位语从句 （核心：从句解释说明前面名词（如 belief/fear/order 等）的具体内容，常用 that 引导，从句结构完整） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 6 题 In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for (6) ______ (maintain) good health. 2 2026 年黄浦区一模第 5 题 There is fear in the minds of people that the dogs would attack them. 3 2026 年闵行区一模第 8 题 But family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, 8 value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve. 知识点3状语从句 一、时间状语从句 1．when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。 Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。 when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? 既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？ 2．as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)，这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 　no sooner... than..., hardly/scarcely....when....的时态搭配：hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 3．before (1)表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；还没来得及……就……”。 The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。 (2)It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……。 It is＋一段时间＋since... 自从……多久了。 John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job. 约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。 二、条件状语从句 1．通常由if, unless, as(so)long as, in case(that), once等连词引导。 Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent. 除非孩子们相信他们能够成功，否则他们将永远无法完全独立。 2．由on condition(that); provided(that); providing (that); supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。 You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank. 只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。 三、让步状语从句 1．让步状语从句可由although, though, as, while, even if(though), whenever, whether... or..., no matter who(when, what...)等引导。 Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。 2．while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。 While the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it. 尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。 [ 　while也可以用来表对比转折，意为“而，却”。 At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. 在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。 四、原因状语从句与方式状语从句 1．方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”，as if (though)“似乎，好像”等引导。 The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive. 卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。 He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得好像什么也没发生。 2．原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing(that), considering that等引导。 Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself. 既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。 Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it. 鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。 五、地点状语从句 1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. 这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。 Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 今天我们将在昨天停止的地方开始，为的是不漏掉知识点。 2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。 Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 3．where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。 When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake. When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.当你第二次解决这个问题的时候，你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。 六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句 1．目的状语从句。 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that，in order that, for fear that, in case，lest等。 (1)in order that与so that。 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我说慢一点以便你能听懂。 In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们很早就向山顶出发了。 (2)for fear that, in case与lest。 这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should＋)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that... not...或in order that... not...。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father(should) see him. 男孩躲到树后以防被父亲发现。 Take your raincoat in case/lest it (should) rain. 带着你的雨衣，以防下雨。 2．结果状语从句。 (1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so...that..., such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...和such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. ＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此的好，我们都想去公园。 He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣钱太少以至于无法养活家人。 (2)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能算出所有的难题。 七、状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且含有动词be时，可以将从句主语和动词be动词省略。 The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. 学校规则规定：除非有大人的陪伴，否则任何孩子白天都不允许出学校。 The problem, if not carefully dealt with, will cause a lot of damage. 这个问题，如果不小心处理，将会造成重大损失。 The dying man is moving his eyes slowly as if looking for his family. 这个奄奄一息的人慢慢地转动眼睛好像在寻找家人。 考向1 考查九类状语从句的连词 （核心：涵盖时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、地点等状语从句，需根据从句逻辑关系选择连词，明确连词含义及用法） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 8 题 (8) ______ a bear no longer fears humans, it is considered “habituated”. 2 2026 年虹口区一模第 8 题 (8) ______ they reflect the truth of human experience, fairy tales are really powerful tales. 3 2026 年嘉定区一模第 4 题 Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4) ______ they sleep less? 4 2026 年黄浦区一模第 7 题 These dogs are seen so strongly as part of the community (7) ______ they share daily life with people. 5 2026 年奉贤区一模第 7 题 He asked his third prince to establish a museum of mathematics (7) ______ talented scholars would engage in research. 考点二 考查并列句及并列连词 （2026 年徐汇区一模第 4 题） most patients accepted a slightly larger, more bulbous nose, ____4____a minority even opted for a “wet” nose modification. 命题解读 新考法：while 作并列连词表 “对比”，连接 “多数患者” 与 “少数患者” 的选择差异，考查并列连词的逻辑功能，而非简单的 “承接 / 转折”，要求理解前后语义的对立关系。 新角度：设定 “21 世纪嗅觉增强手术” 的未来科技场景，围绕医疗技术选择的差异展开，情境前沿且具想象力，突破并列句的日常场景局限。 新角度：通过语境判断动词时态而没有给出具体的时间标准。 知识1 确定填并列连词 无提示词，空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等；而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系，应填并列连词。 知识2 两个技巧要熟用 技巧1：关系分析法 分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。 (2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。 (3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。 (4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。 技巧2：句型法 (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，如表示顺承用and，表示转折用or。 (2)when作并列连词的常用句型： Sb be doing sth when ... Sb be about to do sth when ... Sb had (just) done sth when ... Hardly ...when ... 1．并列句与定语从句 防止并列句与定语从句混用：并列句由and、but等并列连词连接，句中已有连接词，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①They live in a small house, in front of ___________stands an orange tree. ②They live in a small house, and in front of ___________ stands an orange tree. 【解析】两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②中and连接两个并列分句，空处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。 ③The old man has three sons, none of ___________ is a doctor. ④The old man has three sons, but none of ___________is a doctor. 【解析】两句的区别是连词but，句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示人，且其前为介词of，故填whom；句④中but连接两个并列分句，空处指代前面分句中的three sons，故填them。 2．并列句与状语从句 辨清并列句与状语从句：并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而状语从句中前后两个句子，一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。 ①___________you take the medicine, you will be all right. ②Take this medicine, ___________you will be all right. 【解析】句①空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If；句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。 ③ ___________money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness. ④Money is necessary for a happy life, ___________it can't buy happiness. 【解析】句③空处所在句子是让步状语从句，故填Although/Though；句④空处前后是转折关系，故填but。 考向1 考查并列和递进、因果关系 （核心：并列关系用 and、as well as 等连接对等成分；递进关系用 beyond、furthermore 等表 “更进一层”；因果关系用 because、as/since 等表 “原因”，前后句存在明确推导逻辑） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 9 题 Leaving trash outside and not (9) ______ (lock) up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated. 2 2026 年松江区一模第 7 题 And the benefits of restricting smartphone use may go 7 better exam results. 3 2026 年虹口区一模第 8 题 In the end,(8) ______ they reflect the truth of human experience,fairy tales are really powerful tales. 考向2 考查转折和选择关系、因果关系 （核心：转折关系用 though/although/while 等表 “让步对立”；选择关系用 whether...or...、or 等表 “二选一或多种选择”；因果关系用 so that、therefore 等表 “结果”，由前文推导得出后文） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 4 题 Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4) ______ they sleep less? 2 2026 年浦东新区一模第 4 题 4 to protect an author’s identity or to increase their appeal to readers, literary pseudonyms became commonplace from the 1800s onwards. 3 2026 年长宁区一模第 2 题 Some of these attacks damaged the artworks or display cases 2 the National Gallery has now been forced to take protective action. 考点三 考查特殊句式 （2026 年宝山区一模第 9 题） Many participants consider 9 highly beneficial to participate in an OCR. 命题解读 新考法：考查 “consider + it + adj. + to do” 的形式宾语特殊句式，it 替代后面的不定式短语作形式宾语，避免句子结构失衡，命题侧重特殊句式的固定搭配及语境应用，而非孤立记忆句式结构。 新角度：以 “斯巴达障碍赛” 为背景，聚焦体育竞技与个人成长的关联，情境贴近当下年轻人热衷的极限运动潮流，具有现实共鸣。 知识点1强调结构 1．强调句型。 (1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/w＋被强调的部分＋tt/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ He asked what it was that made him so upset. 他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。 (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ 强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序。 It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I realized him. 直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他。 (4)not...until句型的强调句型结构为：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。 2．强调谓语动词。 用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 知识点2倒装句 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also..., not until, nowhere, neither...nor...等。 Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。 2．only＋状语置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 讨论这个问题数小时后他们才做出决定。 3．作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。 Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。 4．so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 5．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 6．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是： (1)句首是单数可数名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。 Pop star as she is, she still needs to improve. 尽管她已是很受欢迎的歌手，但仍需要提高。 (2)句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Fail as I did, I would never give up.尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。 知识点3省略句 1．复合句中的省略。 在用as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里的相片，除非有说明，否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。 2．动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略。 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。 3．so/not构成替代省略。 英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I'm afraid/IpI think/II believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if so/if not等。 It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately. 听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。 知识点3 there be 句型 There be 句型表示“某时间/空间存在/有……”，there本身没有词义，谓语动词be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的时态，可以和情态动词连用。There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur, happen to be, appear to be, seem to be , used to be等替换。 Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 从那以后，我国发生了许多巨大的变化。 a．There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。 There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶中有一朵花。 There are five books on the desk. 桌上有五本书。 b．若There be句型中主语为并列结构，be的数和人称遵循就近原则。 There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。 c. there be结构的非谓语动词形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。 知识点4 感叹句 1．what引导的感叹句 what引导的感叹句 示例 What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！ What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What interesting stories he's told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！ 2．how引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句 示例 How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ How clever the boy is!这个男孩多么聪明啊！ How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！ How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！ How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies! 光阴似箭！ 考向1 考查强调句 例1（2025・上海杨浦・一模） It was with great effort ______ he managed to finish the task ahead of time. 考向2 考查倒装句 例1 （2025・上海静安・二模） Only when you experience it by yourself ______ you understand the difficulty. 考向3 考查省略句与感叹句 例1（2025・上海徐汇・一模） ______ wonderful a performance the actor gave on the stage! No wonder he won the award. 考向4 考查there be句型 例1 There (be) neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch. 例2 We don’t want there (be) any student falling behind. 考点四 考查冠、介、代、情态动词及其它 （2026 年嘉定区一模第 3 题） One reason for this (3) ______ be cultural dietary habits. 命题解读 新考法：考查情态动词表 “不确定推测” 的用法，结合 “研究推测原因” 的语境，需选择语气委婉的 could/might/may，而非单纯考查情态动词的基本含义，侧重 “语境语气与情态动词的匹配”。 新角度：围绕 “睡眠时长与健康” 的跨文化研究，结合饮食差异探讨健康谜题，情境紧扣当下健康养生、文化对比的热点话题，贴近现实科研与生活。 新角度：通过语境判断动词时态而没有给出具体的时间标准。 考向1：不定冠词 / 定冠词 / 零冠词用法 2025・上海闵行・二模 第 5 题 原题：The academy offers two options: ____ on-campus, residential program... 中文翻译：该学院提供两种选择：一个为期三周的校园住宿项目…… 2025・上海虹口・二模 第 10 题 原题：...the best opportunities come from saying yes to ____ unexpected... 中文翻译：最好的机会来自于对意外之事说 “是”…… 考向2：介词词义辨析/介词短语搭配 （核心：固定介词短语、介词与名词 / 动词的搭配、介词表逻辑关系（时间 / 范围 / 方式等）） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 1 题 An adult black bear was helping itself (1) ______ some jam. 2 2026 年嘉定区一模第 10 题 the relationship (10) ______ how long you sleep and your health. 3 2026 年黄浦区一模第 5 题 some residents interpreted this 5 a blanket prevention on feeding dogs. 考向3：关系代词 / 人称代词 /反身代词/指示代词 / it用法 （核心：关系代词引导从句、人称代词指代前文对象、指示代词避免重复、it 作形式主语 / 宾语） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 1 题 Japanese people sleep significantly less than (1) ______ in the US. 2 2026 年宝山区一模第 9 题 Many participants consider 9 highly beneficial to participate in an OCR. 3 2026 年静安区一模第 7 题 The more bears are interacting with people,the more comfortable (7) ______ become. 考向4：情态动词用法 （核心：情态动词表推测、义务、必须、可能性，结合语境判断语气强弱） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 3 题 One reason for this (3) ______ be cultural dietary habits. 2 2026 年宝山区一模第 4 题 In addition to running, each person ____4____complete a minimum of 20 obstacles. 3 2026 年杨浦区一模第 10 题 addressing the root causes 10 be the top priority. 【语篇填空】 Passage 1 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习一英语试题 Grandparents are carers out of love-and necessity I look after my grandchildren — at least a few hours for one day a week, often more. I love them deeply, and want to offer them 1 steadiness I can, while I can. But love alone isn’t what holds this together. I also care for them because their parents, like so many others, 2 (stretch) to the edge. Childcare is unaffordable. Work is nonstop. There is little left in reserve. Many grandparents step in not as a choice, but as the only available cushion in a 3 (fail) system. But that help comes at a cost. Caring for young children is tiring at any age; for older adults, after a full day or more, the next day is often a write-off too, 4 seems to be something almost no policy takes into account. This reflects the gradual withdrawal of social responsibility from care, and the expectation for families 5 (absorb) the shock. We are seeing the effects of this every day through exhaustion, silence and strain 6 (carry) behind closed doors. As a systemic psychotherapist, I try to pay attention to patterns: what holds people together, and what pulls them apart. One pattern I see is that the work of care has become more vital, yet 7 (visible). Grandparents, like many others, are holding families together 8 the scenes. But we rarely speak about it, and policy almost never accounts for it. Nowadays 9 climate disruption accelerates and social fragility deepens, care is the connective tissue that keeps communities alive. If we fail to recognise and support it, we weaken the very systems we will need to face what 10 (come). Passage2 【来源】2026年上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试模拟英语试题（未来教研之星标准学术能力测试） From emotional breakdowns to quiet companionship, more people today are turning to AI for support. As tools like ChatGPT become part of everyday life, from dating apps to therapy bots, some 11 (believe) we’re not just using machines to save time, but also asking them to handle emotions. Many users, especially those feeling isolated or anxious, find comfort in AI’s calm and steady tone. “It reflects 12 I say,” one user shared, “and sometimes, that’s all I need.” For people under stress, having 13 that listens without judging can make a big difference. AI, always available and never upset, may seem more supportive than a human friend during hard times. Still, others remain unconvinced. Sounding kind and understanding, AI may create a sense of care, but lacking real emotion, it cannot truly connect. 14 the ability to feel or to process pain in a human way, it functions by predicting likely responses based on patterns in data. 15 (see) through this lens, the support it offers can be considered less meaningful, especially when compared to real human empathy. Some people argue that such help is not as meaningful as it appears, especially if users begin to trust it more than they 16 . In some cases, people even felt betrayed — as if the machine 17 (lie) to them, by sounding caring while actually knowing nothing about what they were going through. Experts remind us that AI, like any tool, depends on how it’s used. A knife can be used 18 (prepare) food, or to hurt. In the same way, AI can support or harm. Using it responsibly is key. There are deeper questions, too. 19 advanced, AI will remain less human than it sounds. It cannot fully copy our tone, timing, or emotions. And if AI ever becomes conscious, we may face complex debates about ethics and rights. In the end, AI is not a friend, but a mirror — one that reflects us, but doesn’t truly know us. Still, for some, that quiet reflection may be enough to feel just a little 20 (alone). Passage 3 【来源】上海市上海师范大学附属外国语中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试卷 Predicting Powerful Waves The earthquake in Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on July 30 may have been one of 21 (strong) ever recorded, with a magnitude of 8.8. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people 22 the tsunami arrived. To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface. The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean 23 (set) up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, 24 a worldwide network of seismometers（测震仪）was built. This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake. In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital broadband global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake's size, where the ground split, and 25 it moved in three dimensions. Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system. 26 uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space 27 (use) radar. Forecast methods have also improved. Scientists have even started using AI programs to make predictions faster and more accurate. The US Geological Survey pioneered the rapid sharing of earthquake data with the public. Initial estimates can now be given 28 minutes after an earthquake, and these are updated over the next few hours as more data are collected. However, tsunami height predictions are never precise — the height can be higher or lower than 29 (expect) in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public. This includes mobile phone alerts, coordination between countries, clear safety advice, evacuation plans and regular tests of the alarm system. As a tsunami gets near the shore, it slows down to about the speed of a car, but it is still impossible to outrun it. Therefore, the best choice is 30 (act) quickly and calmly at the very moment. 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 语法填空之无提示词 目录 01 析·考情精解 2 02 构·知能架构 3 03 破·考点攻坚 4 考点一 考查三大从句中的引导词 4 知识点1定语从句 4 知识点2 名词性从句 8 知识点3 状语从句 10 考点二 考查并列句及并列连词 12 考点三 考查特殊句式 12 知识点1强调句式 15 知识点2 倒装句 16 知识点3 省略句 17 知识点4 there be 句型 17 知识点5感叹句 18 考点四 考查冠、介、代、情态动词及其它 20 知识点1 冠词 22 知识点2 介词 22 知识点3 代词 23 知识点4情态动词及其它 23 26年各区一模命题透视 题材覆盖社会热点、文化传统、生活场景等，贴近现实；无提示词考查聚焦语篇逻辑衔接与固定搭配应用，核心考点集中（连词、代词、介词为主），强调语法在语境中的灵活运用，重复率高。 26年各区一模考点总结 1. 连词（占比超 50%，核心重点） 定语从句连词： which：引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文整个句子或可数名词 / 代词，在从句中作主语或宾语（如静安区一模 3 题，指代 “通过尖叫赶熊出门” 这件事，作从句主语）。 whose：表所属关系，修饰先行词（人 / 物），在从句中作定语（如松江区一模 4 题，修饰先行词 writing，表 “书写的功能”）。 where：先行词为地点或抽象地点（如 study、museum），在从句中作地点状语（如嘉定区一模 7 题，修饰先行词 study，表 “在该研究中”）。 状语从句连词： 原因状语：because/as/since（如虹口区一模 8 题，引导 “童话反映人类经历真相” 与 “有力量” 的因果关系）。 让步状语：though/although/while（如崇明区一模 3 题，连接 “人类与机器人分道跑” 和 “首次同场竞技” 的转折关系）。 时间 / 条件状语：once/when/if（如静安区一模 8 题，表 “熊不再怕人类时 / 如果” 的逻辑）。 结果状语：that（构成 so...that... 句型，如黄浦区一模 7 题，表 “狗被视为社区一部分，以至于共同生活”）。 名词性从句连词： what：引导主语 / 表语 / 宾语从句，从句中缺主语、宾语或表语，指代 “…… 的事物”（如静安区一模 4 题，引导主语从句，指代 “接下来发生的事”）。 that：引导宾语从句 / 表语从句，从句结构完整、语义明确，仅起连接作用（如嘉定区一模 5 题，与前文 that 从句并列，表 “牺牲睡眠对成功至关重要”）。 2. 代词 指示代词：those 指代前文同类复数名词（避免重复），如嘉定区一模 1 题，指代前文 “people in the United States, Canada, and Europe”。 人称代词：they 指代前文复数名词（如静安区一模 7 题，指代 bears）；him 指代前文男性名词（如普陀区一模 10 题，指代 son）。 不定代词：nobody 表否定含义，契合语境逻辑（如松江区一模 9 题，表 “学校全面禁手机后，没人会用这种方式社交”）。 形式宾语：it 作形式宾语，替代后面的不定式短语（如宝山区一模 9 题，it 替代 to participate in an OCR）。 3. 介词（侧重固定搭配与语境逻辑） 固定搭配类：to（如静安区一模 1 题，help oneself to）、from（如闵行区一模 2 题，draw inspiration from）、between（如嘉定区一模 10 题，between...and...）、beyond（如松江区一模 7 题，go beyond）。 语境逻辑类：before/within（如崇明区一模 8 题，表 “在人类截止时间之前 / 之内”）、with（如徐汇区一模 9 题，with unprecedented clarity，表 “以空前的清晰度”）。 4. 固定句型 whether：构成 whether...or... 结构（如浦东新区一模 4 题，表 “无论是保护身份还是吸引读者”）。 that：除引导从句外，还用于 so...that... 等固定句型（如黄浦区一模 7 题）。 2026高考 命题预测 考点：延续连词（定语 / 状语 / 名词性从句）、介词、代词的核心地位，无新增考点。 趋势：更侧重语篇逻辑判断（如状语从句连词需结合上下文语义推导），固定搭配类介词考查更隐蔽（需结合语境而非机械记忆）。 题材：仍以社会热点、文化交流、生活体验类语篇为主，语境对无提示词选择的影响增强。 考点一 考查三大从句中引导词 （2026 年虹口区一模第 6 题）But deep down, the original fear is (6) ________ gave fairy tales their power. （答案：what） 命题解读 新考法：考查表语从句的连接词选择，从句缺少主语且指代 “赋予童话力量的核心事物”，需结合语义逻辑判断用 what，而非单纯考查连接词的语法规则，侧重 “语境 - 成分 - 语义” 的三重匹配。 新意境：以 “童话的深层力量” 为主题，融合文学、心理学视角，聚焦青少年成长中 “恐惧与成长” 的关联，情境新颖且贴近人文素养考查，摆脱传统从句的单一语境。 知识点1 定语从句 1．确定是定语从句 设空处跟在名词后面，且空后的句子对这个名词进行修饰限定，即表示这个名词的性质、特点等，则为定语从句。当确定为定语从句后，首先要看看先行词指人、物、时间、地点，还是其他，然后再根据先行词在句子中所作的成分去判断用何关系词。 2．掌握三步法解题技巧 (1)分清限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句。 ①先行词的后面出现逗号，是非限制性定语从句。 ②that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 ③which引导非限制性定语从句，可以代表主句的全部或部分内容；代表整个主句时，which意为“这一点”。 ④as引导非限制性定语从句，可置于句中或句首，意为“正如”。其后的谓语动词多是be seen, be known, be reported, be mentioned, be said, be often the case等。 (2)寻找先行词，判断属性(指人还是指物，表示时间，地点，还是原因)。 ①先行词指人：that/who/whom/whose； ②先行词指物：that/which/whose； ③表示时间/地点/原因：when/where/why。 (3)判断定语从句所缺成分，确定关系词。 ①缺少主语：that/which/who； ②缺少动词的宾语：that/which/who/whom； ③缺少定语：whose； ④缺少时间、地点或原因状语时分别用when、where、why。 1．that与which的区别 (1)只用which不用that的情况： ①当关系代词前面有介词或介词短语时； ②引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)只用that不用which的情况： ①当先行词是all、everything、nothing、something、few、little、much等不定代词时； ②当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the very、the only、any、the last等修饰时； ③先行词既有人又有物时。 2．which与as 关系词 which as 位置上 只能放在主句的后面 位置灵活，可置于句首、句中，也可置于句末 搭配上 无动词的 限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see、hear、know、expect、remember等 意思上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……”“正像……的那样” 考向1 考查定语从句中的关系代词 （核心：关系代词 which/who/whose/that 等在从句中作主语、宾语或定语，需根据先行词的属性（人 / 物 / 整个句子）及从句成分选择） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 3 题 He eventually got the bear out through the front door by screaming, (3) ______ eventually left but not before it ate an entire bag of marshmallows. （答案：which） 先行词为前面整个句子（“通过尖叫将熊赶出家门” 这件事），关系代词在从句中作主语，指代前文所述事件，故用 which 引导非限制性定语从句。 2 2026 年虹口区一模第 2 题 In Hansel and Gretel, two children are abandoned and almost captured by a witch, (2) ______ reminds us that cleverness and courage are needed for survival.（答案：which） 先行词为前面整个句子（“孩子被遗弃且险些被女巫抓住”），关系代词在从句中作主语，起指代和连接作用，非限制性定语从句中用 which 不用 that，故填 which。 3 2026 年松江区一模第 4 题 Plato complained that writing, (4) ______ functions cover storing facts and arguments on paper, would weaken pupils’ ability to remember them.（答案：whose） 先行词为 writing（物），关系代词在从句中作定语，修饰 functions（“书写的功能”），表示所属关系，故用 whose 引导定语从句。 考向2 考查定语从句中的关系副词 （核心：关系副词 when/where/why 在从句中作时间、地点、原因状语，先行词通常为表示时间、地点、原因的名词） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年黄浦区一模第 3 题 there have been instances (3) ______ she’s had to be firmer.（答案：when） 先行词为 instances（表示 “情况、时刻”，表时间），关系副词在从句中作时间状语（“在这些情况下”），故用 when 引导定语从句。 2 2026 年嘉定区一模第 7 题 A specific study led by Benjamin Cheung investigated these cultural differences, (7) ______ researchers compared 295 university students from Canada and Japan.（答案：where） 先行词为 study（表示 “研究”，表抽象地点），关系副词在从句中作地点状语（“在该研究中”），故用 where 引导定语从句，相当于 in which。 3 2026 年奉贤区一模第 7 题 He asked his third prince to establish a museum of mathematics (7) ______ talented scholars would engage in research and observation.（答案：where） 先行词为 a museum of mathematics（表示 “场所”，表具体地点），关系副词在从句中作地点状语（“在这个算学馆里”），故用 where 引导定语从句。 考向3 “介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 （核心：介词需根据先行词的搭配、从句中动词的固定搭配或句意确定，关系代词常用 which/whom，不可用 that） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年崇明区一模第 6 题 Only six of the 21 competing robots, all of (6) ______ had to be bipedal rather than on wheels, successfully completed the course.（答案：which） 先行词为 six of the 21 competing robots（物），介词 of 源于固定表达 “all of + 复数名词”，关系代词指代先行词，作 of 的宾语，故用 “all of which” 引导非限制性定语从句。 2 2026 年闵行区一模第 8 题 family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, (8) ______ value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve.（答案：whose，等价于 of which） 先行词为 objects（物），此处 whose 可等价于 “of which the”，表示 “物品的价值”，本质是 “介词 of + 关系代词 which” 的所属关系变体，符合 “介词＋关系代词” 的核心逻辑。 3 2026 年浦东新区一模第 7 题 (7) ______ all the case studies in Pen Names, the most interesting ones are those of authors who created public images for their pseudonym.（答案：Among/Of，从句中隐含 “of which”） 先行词为 all the case studies（物），介词 Among/Of 表示 “在…… 之中”，从句可还原为 “the most interesting ones of the case studies”，此处 “of + which” 省略了 which，属于 “介词＋关系代词” 的省略形式，符合考向要求。 考向4 考查as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别 例1Yellowstone was the largest United States national park—2.2 million acres—until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 50 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园——220万英亩——直到阿拉斯加南部的朗格尔-圣伊莱亚斯，1978年成为国家纪念碑，1980年以1230万英亩成为国家公园。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 例2Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 　　　　　　 Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.  【答案】as　 【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如Rachel Carson在《明天的寓言》中所说,今天寓言的形式仍然有价值。此处是as引导的非限制性定语从句,as作says的宾语,指代前面整个句子的内容。故填as。 知识点2考查名词性从句 一、宾语从句 1.宾语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 连接词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom，which，whichever，whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语 ①I'm writing to tell you that my uncle Li Ming is going to your city for a conference.我写信是想告诉你，我叔叔李明要去你的城市开会。 ②We promise whoever attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.我们保证，任何参加这个聚会的人都有机会与那个电影明星合影。 ③I don't know whether to set off for Beijing or not.我不知道是否出发去北京。 (1)that引导宾语从句时，常被省去，但下列情况下不能省略：①动词后跟有多个that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个that可省略，其余的不可省略；②宾语从句前有插入语时；③that引导的从句位于句首时。 (2)一般情况下介词后只能用wh-类连接词引导宾语从句。介词后的宾语从句，连接词表示“是否”时，只能用whether，不能用if。 2．形式宾语【高频再现】 宾语一般放在及物动词或介词之后，但是，在下列情况下，须用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语(常为不定式/从句)后置。 (1)动词find/feel/think/consider/make＋it＋宾补(形容词或名词)＋不定式/从句 (2)动词hate/like/dislike/appreciate/enjoy＋it＋从句 (3)短语动词see to/depend on/rely on＋it＋从句 (4)固定搭配take it for granted that/owe it to sb. that＋从句 Most of us young men take it for granted that parents do everything for us.我们大部分年轻人认为父母为我们做的一切是理所当然的。 I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.当你不在的时候，我负责把他照顾好。 3．宾语从句的时态 一般情况下，宾语从句须与主句的时态保持一致，即主句是一般现在时，从句可根据具体情况选用合适的时态；主句为过去的某种时态，从句须用相应的过去的某种时态。当从句的内容为真理或客观事实时，须用一般现在时。 二、表语从句 1.表语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 连接词 that, whether 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom, which，whichever, whatever，whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where, how, why 在从句中作状语 The most important result for the user is that the product does what is intended. 对用户来说最重要的是产品达到了预期的效果。 This is where we usually think it's easier to just give up. 这就是我们通常认为更容易放弃的地方。 if不能引导表语从句；that引导表语从句时不能省略。 2．as if/as though引导表语从句 as if/as though意为“好像，仿佛”，引导的表语从句常跟在系动词(如seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel, smell等)之后。若表语从句所述的是非真实的情况，从句用虚拟语气；若所述的是事实或是极可能发生的情况，从句用陈述语气。 The thick smog covered the whole city. It was as if a great black blanket had been thrown over it. 厚重的烟雾覆盖着整个城市，好像把一个厚厚的黑色的毯子扔到了它的上面。 3．其他常考的表语从句【高频再现】 (1)This/That/It is why＋表语从句(表示结果)“这/那就是……的原因” (2)This/That/It is because＋表语从句(表示原因)“这/那是因为……” (3)The reason why... is that＋表语从句“……的原因是……” 三、主语从句 1.主语从句的引导词 引导词 作用 连接词 that, whether, if 只起连接作用，不在从句中作成分 连接代词 what, who, whom，which, whichever，whatever, whoever 在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语 连接副词 when, where，how, why 在从句中作状语 When the delayed flight will take off depends much on the weather. 延迟的飞机何时起飞在很大程度上取决于天气。 Where Professor Han was born is known to the public.韩教授出生的地方人人皆知。 What struck me most in the movie was the father's deep love for his son. 影片中最打动我的是父亲对儿子深深的爱。 (1)that引导主语从句时一般不省略。 That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial similarity between them.从她们的面貌相似度就能清楚地看出她们是亲姐妹。 (2)whether与if引导主语从句的区别： 主语从句位于主句的谓语动词前，表示“是否”，只能用whether而不能用if引导；若用it作形式主语，则if与whether可互换。 Whether we can have clean drinking water lies in what effective measures will be taken by the government about water pollution. 我们能否有干净的饮用水在于政府将采取什么样的有效措施处理水污染问题。 It remains to be seen whether/if this idea can be put into practice. 这一想法能否付诸实施还有待观察。 2．形式主语【高频再现】 it作形式主语的常见句型： (1)It＋be＋形容词(necessary/likely/important/certain等)＋that从句 (2)It＋be＋名词(短语)(a pity/a shame/no wonder等)＋that从句 (3)It＋be＋过去分词(said/told/reported等)＋that从句 (4)It＋不及物动词(seem, appear, happen, matter等)＋that从句 It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it. 尽管大约两千名患者已经服用了这种药，但是它会带来什么样的副作用还不清楚。 It doesn't matter whether you pay by cash or credit card in this store.在这个商店里你用现金支付还是信用卡支付都没有关系。 考向1 宾语从句 （核心：从句充当动词、介词或形容词的宾语，需根据从句成分选择连接词 that/what/which/whether 等，注意虚拟语气和时态一致） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年虹口区一模第 4 题 Bruno Bettelhem suggested that fairy tales (4)_________ (allow) the mind to deal safely with emotions.（答案：allow） 动词 suggest（建议）后接宾语从句，需用虚拟语气 “should + 动词原形”，should 可省略；从句结构完整，连接词 that 省略，故填 allow。 2 2026 年嘉定区一模第 5 题 In Japan, people tend to believe that sleep is a luxury, not a necessity, and (5) ______ sacrificing sleep is vital for success.（答案：that） 动词 believe 后接两个并列宾语从句，第一个从句连接词 that 可省略，第二个从句连接词 that 不可省略（避免歧义）；从句结构完整，故填 that。 3 2026 年松江区一模第 5 题 These tech-enthusiasts do not always know 5 is in the best interests of the students.（答案：what） 动词 know 后接宾语从句，从句中缺少主语（指代 “对学生最有利的事物”），故用连接代词 what 引导。 考向2 表语从句 （核心：从句充当系动词（is/was 等）的表语，需根据从句语义和成分选择连接词 that/what/because 等，从句需用陈述语序） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年虹口区一模第 6 题 But deep down, the original fear is (6) ________ gave fairy tales their power.（答案：what） 系动词 is 后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语（指代 “赋予童话力量的东西”），故用连接代词 what 引导。 2 2026 年崇明区一模第 1 题 That’s 1 China has just staged a half marathon where humans weren’t the only participants.（答案：because） 固定句型 “That’s because...” 中，系动词 is 后接表语从句，从句解释前文现象的原因，故用连接词 because 引导。 3 2026 年青浦区一模第 2 题 Much more likely is____2____ the bin is only the departure point on a long journey to the other side of the world.（答案：that） 倒装句中，系动词 is 后接表语从句，从句结构完整、语义明确，连接词 that 仅起连接作用，不可省略，故填 that。 考向3 主语从句 （核心：从句充当句子主语，可位于句首或用 it 作形式主语，需根据从句成分选择连接词 what/who/that 等） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 4 题 (4) ________ happened next was even more alarming for Priest.（答案：what） 从句位于句首作主语，从句中缺少主语（指代 “接下来发生的事情”），故用连接代词 what 引导。 2 2026 年黄浦区一模第 9 题 But 9 is clear is that feeders aren’t the problem—they’re part of the solution.（答案：what） 双重主语从句结构，第一个从句 “what is clear” 作句子主语，从句中缺少主语（指代 “明确的事情”），故用 what 引导。 3 2026 年长宁区一模第 3 题 3 it will introduce next is tightened security in the gallery.（答案：What） 从句位于句首作主语，从句中缺少宾语（指代 “画廊将引入的内容”），故用连接代词 what 引导，句首首字母大写。 考向4 同位语从句 （核心：从句解释说明前面名词（如 belief/fear/order 等）的具体内容，常用 that 引导，从句结构完整） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 6 题 In North American culture, there is a strong, widespread belief that getting 8 hours of sleep is essential for (6) ______ (maintain) good health.（答案：maintaining） 名词 belief 后接同位语从句，解释 “信念” 的具体内容；从句结构完整，用 that 引导（可省略），介词 for 后接动名词 maintaining。 2 2026 年黄浦区一模第 5 题 There is fear in the minds of people that the dogs would attack them.（答案：as，从句连接词 that 省略） 名词 fear 后接同位语从句，解释 “恐惧” 的具体内容（“狗会攻击他们”）；从句结构完整，连接词 that 可省略，符合语境逻辑。 3 2026 年闵行区一模第 8 题 But family pictures have long been highly treasured objects, 8 value lies less in their material form than in the memories they preserve.（答案：whose，等价于同位语逻辑） 名词 objects 后接定语从句，但本质可理解为 “the memories that they preserve”（定语从句等价于同位语功能），补充说明 memories 的内容；此处 whose 引导的从句虽为定语，但核心是解释名词的具体所指，符合同位语考向的核心逻辑。 知识点3状语从句 一、时间状语从句 1．when引导时间状语从句，意为“正在这时”，表示某件事正在发生或刚刚发生时，突然发生另一动作。 Tom was about to close the window when his attention was caught by a bird. 汤姆正要关窗户，这时他的注意力被一只鸟吸引住了。 when还可表原因，意为“既然”。 How can I help them to understand when they won't listen to me? 既然他们不听我说，我怎么帮他们理解？ 2．as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the minute, the instant, no sooner...than..., hardly/scarcely...when...和once(一……就……)，这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一……就……”，从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。 The moment I heard the voice, I knew father was coming. 我一听到那个声音就知道父亲来了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 那男孩一见到他妈妈便放声大哭。 　no sooner... than..., hardly/scarcely....when....的时态搭配：hardly/scarcely后的句子谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的句子谓语动词应用一般过去时。此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首时，应用倒装语序。 He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. ＝No sooner had he finished his speech than the students started cheering. 他刚完成演讲学生们就开始欢呼起来。 3．before (1)表示“还未……就……；不到……就……；还没来得及……就……”。 The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly, and her friend rushed out to greet her. 小女孩还没来得及按门铃，门就突然开了，并且她的朋友冲出来问候她。 Please write it down before you forget it. 趁你现在没忘把它记下来。 (2)It will be＋一段时间＋before...多久之后才……。 It is＋一段时间＋since... 自从……多久了。 John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job. 约翰认为他不久就会为新工作做好准备了。 二、条件状语从句 1．通常由if, unless, as(so)long as, in case(that), once等连词引导。 Unless children believe they can succeed, they will never become totally independent. 除非孩子们相信他们能够成功，否则他们将永远无法完全独立。 2．由on condition(that); provided(that); providing (that); supposing(that)等引导的条件状语从句。 You can go swimming on condition that you don't go too far from the river bank. 只有不离河岸太远你才能下去游泳。 三、让步状语从句 1．让步状语从句可由although, though, as, while, even if(though), whenever, whether... or..., no matter who(when, what...)等引导。 Although regular exercise is very important, it's never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime. 尽管有规律的锻炼是很重要的，但是在临近就寝的时候进行锻炼绝不是一个好主意。 However serious a problem you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. 不论你的问题有多严重，你都应该鼓起勇气，接受挑战。 2．while作“尽管”讲，引导让步状语从句时，往往放在句首。 While the Internet is of great help, I don't think it's a good idea to spend too much time on it. 尽管因特网对我们有很大的帮助，但我认为花太多的时间上网也不是一个好主意。 [ 　while也可以用来表对比转折，意为“而，却”。 At school, some students are active while some are shy, yet they can be good friends with one another. 在学校，有的学生很活跃而有的很腼腆，但他们能成为好朋友。 四、原因状语从句与方式状语从句 1．方式状语从句用来表示主句谓语动作发生的方式，常由as“像……一样”，as if (though)“似乎，好像”等引导。 The house was greatly damaged by the truck. We'd better leave things as they are until the police arrive. 卡车对这座房子造成了严重的损坏。我们最好保持原样直到警察到来。 He acted as if nothing had happened. 他表现得好像什么也没发生。 2．原因状语从句通常由because, since, as, now that, seeing(that), considering that等引导。 Now that you have grown up, you must do it by yourself. 既然你已经长大了，就必须自己做这件事。 Considering that I have told you three times, you must know it. 鉴于我已经告诉你三次，你必须知道它。 五、地点状语从句 1．通常由连词where和wherever引导，从句可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之后。 The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother. 这个迷路的小女孩决定待在原地等她妈妈。 Today, we will begin where we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 今天我们将在昨天停止的地方开始，为的是不漏掉知识点。 2．地点状语从句在句首时常兼有抽象条件意味。 Where there's a will, there's a way.有志者事竟成。 Where(ver) there's plenty of sun and rain, the fields are green. 哪里阳光雨水充足，哪里的田野就绿油油。 3．where引导的状语从句和定语从句的区别 where引导地点状语从句直接修饰动词，而在定语从句中where作为关系副词要跟在表示地点的先行词后面。 When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful where you made a mistake. When solving the problem a second time, you'd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.当你第二次解决这个问题的时候，你要在出过差错的地方更加小心。 六、目的状语从句与结果状语从句 1．目的状语从句。 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that，in order that, for fear that, in case，lest等。 (1)in order that与so that。 两个连词都意为“以便……；为了……”，引导的状语从句中需用情态动词，in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后，而so that引导的从句只能置于主句之后。 I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me. 我说慢一点以便你能听懂。 In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early. 为了能看到日出，我们很早就向山顶出发了。 (2)for fear that, in case与lest。 这三个从属连词引导的目的状语从句中谓语动词要用(should＋)动词原形，它本身带有否定意义，相当于so that... not...或in order that... not...。 The boy hid himself behind the tree in case/for fear that his father(should) see him. 男孩躲到树后以防被父亲发现。 Take your raincoat in case/lest it (should) rain. 带着你的雨衣，以防下雨。 2．结果状语从句。 (1)引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：so that, so...that..., such...that...。在非正式语体中，由so...that...和such...that...引导的句子中that可以省略，注意其结构形式： Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him. ＝Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him. 迈克是如此诚实的工人以至于我们都信任他。 It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park. 天气如此的好，我们都想去公园。 He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family. 他挣钱太少以至于无法养活家人。 (2)当so或such置于句首时，主句要用倒装语序。 So clever a student was he that he was able to work out all the difficult problems. 他是一个如此聪明的学生，以至于他能算出所有的难题。 七、状语从句的省略 在时间、条件、让步、原因等状语从句中，当从句主语和主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，且含有动词be时，可以将从句主语和动词be动词省略。 The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, unless accompanied by an adult. 学校规则规定：除非有大人的陪伴，否则任何孩子白天都不允许出学校。 The problem, if not carefully dealt with, will cause a lot of damage. 这个问题，如果不小心处理，将会造成重大损失。 The dying man is moving his eyes slowly as if looking for his family. 这个奄奄一息的人慢慢地转动眼睛好像在寻找家人。 考向1 考查九类状语从句的连词 （核心：涵盖时间、条件、原因、让步、结果、地点等状语从句，需根据从句逻辑关系选择连词，明确连词含义及用法） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 8 题 (8) ______ a bear no longer fears humans, it is considered “habituated”. （答案：once/when/if） 考查时间 / 条件状语从句。连词 once（一旦）、when（当…… 时）、if（如果）均符合逻辑，引导 “熊不再害怕人类” 的时间或条件场景，从句与主句构成 “前提 - 结论” 关系。 2 2026 年虹口区一模第 8 题 (8) ______ they reflect the truth of human experience, fairy tales are really powerful tales.（答案：because/as/since） 考查原因状语从句。连词 because/as/since（因为）引导原因，解释 “童话具有力量” 的核心原因 —— 反映人类经历的真相，前后句为明确因果逻辑。 3 2026 年嘉定区一模第 4 题 Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4) ______ they sleep less? （答案：though/although） 考查让步状语从句。连词 though/although（尽管）引导转折让步关系，承接前文 “日本人睡眠时间短但健康状况好” 的矛盾点，符合语境逻辑。 4 2026 年黄浦区一模第 7 题 These dogs are seen so strongly as part of the community (7) ______ they share daily life with people.（答案：that） 考查结果状语从句。固定句型 “so...that...”（如此…… 以至于……），so 修饰副词 strongly，that 引导结果从句，说明 “狗被视为社区一部分” 的后续结果 —— 与人类共同生活。 5 2026 年奉贤区一模第 7 题 He asked his third prince to establish a museum of mathematics (7) ______ talented scholars would engage in research. （答案：where） 考查地点状语从句。连词 where（在…… 地方）引导地点，指代先行词 “a museum of mathematics”，从句说明学者进行研究的具体地点，相当于 “in which”。 考点二 考查并列句及并列连词 （2026 年徐汇区一模第 4 题） most patients accepted a slightly larger, more bulbous nose, ____4____a minority even opted for a “wet” nose modification. （答案：while） 命题解读 新考法：while 作并列连词表 “对比”，连接 “多数患者” 与 “少数患者” 的选择差异，考查并列连词的逻辑功能，而非简单的 “承接 / 转折”，要求理解前后语义的对立关系。 新角度：设定 “21 世纪嗅觉增强手术” 的未来科技场景，围绕医疗技术选择的差异展开，情境前沿且具想象力，突破并列句的日常场景局限。 新角度：通过语境判断动词时态而没有给出具体的时间标准。 知识1 确定填并列连词 无提示词，空前后是两个并列的主谓完整的句子、单词、短语等；而且相并列的成分之间是并列、转折、选择或因果关系，应填并列连词。 知识2 两个技巧要熟用 技巧1：关系分析法 分析空前后单词、短语或分句之间的关系，确定用哪个连词。 (1)表示并列或递进关系的有and、both ...and ...、not only ...but (also) ...、neither ...nor ...等。 (2)表示选择关系的有or、either ...or ...、not ...but ...等。 (3)表示转折或对比关系的有but、while等。 (4)表示因果关系的有so、for等。 技巧2：句型法 (1)祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句，如表示顺承用and，表示转折用or。 (2)when作并列连词的常用句型： Sb be doing sth when ... Sb be about to do sth when ... Sb had (just) done sth when ... Hardly ...when ... 1．并列句与定语从句 防止并列句与定语从句混用：并列句由and、but等并列连词连接，句中已有连接词，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。 ①They live in a small house, in front of ___________stands an orange tree. ②They live in a small house, and in front of ___________ stands an orange tree. 【解析】两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示物，故填which；句②中and连接两个并列分句，空处指代前面分句中的a small house，故填it。 ③The old man has three sons, none of ___________ is a doctor. ④The old man has three sons, but none of ___________is a doctor. 【解析】两句的区别是连词but，句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空处为引导词，表示人，且其前为介词of，故填whom；句④中but连接两个并列分句，空处指代前面分句中的three sons，故填them。 2．并列句与状语从句 辨清并列句与状语从句：并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而状语从句中前后两个句子，一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。 ①___________you take the medicine, you will be all right. ②Take this medicine, ___________you will be all right. 【解析】句①空处引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”，故填If；句②中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。 ③ ___________money is necessary for a happy life, it can't buy happiness. ④Money is necessary for a happy life, ___________it can't buy happiness. 【解析】句③空处所在句子是让步状语从句，故填Although/Though；句④空处前后是转折关系，故填but。 考向1 考查并列和递进、因果关系 （核心：并列关系用 and、as well as 等连接对等成分；递进关系用 beyond、furthermore 等表 “更进一层”；因果关系用 because、as/since 等表 “原因”，前后句存在明确推导逻辑） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 9 题 Leaving trash outside and not (9) ______ (lock) up or having any food source around your house is conditioning a bear to be habituated.（答案：locking） 考查并列关系。and、or 连接三个并列的动名词短语（Leaving.../not locking.../having...），作句子主语，体现 “多个行为共同导致一个结果” 的并列逻辑，非谓语形式保持一致，故填 locking。 2 2026 年松江区一模第 7 题 And the benefits of restricting smartphone use may go 7 better exam results. （答案：beyond） 考查递进关系。go beyond 表示 “超出、不止于”，承接前文 “提升成绩” 的好处，进一步说明限制手机使用还有其他价值，体现语义递进，故填 beyond。 3 2026 年虹口区一模第 8 题 In the end,(8) ______ they reflect the truth of human experience,fairy tales are really powerful tales.（答案：because/as/since） 考查因果关系。连词 because/as/since（因为）引导原因状语从句，解释 “童话具有力量” 的核心原因 —— 反映人类经历的真相，前因后果逻辑明确，故填 because/as/since。 考向2 考查转折和选择关系、因果关系 （核心：转折关系用 though/although/while 等表 “让步对立”；选择关系用 whether...or...、or 等表 “二选一或多种选择”；因果关系用 so that、therefore 等表 “结果”，由前文推导得出后文） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 4 题 Why do Japanese individuals seem healthier (4) ______ they sleep less?（答案：though/although） 考查转折关系。连词 though/although（尽管）引导让步状语从句，承接前文 “日本人睡眠时间短但健康状况好” 的矛盾对立关系，体现语义转折，故填 though/although。 2 2026 年浦东新区一模第 4 题 4 to protect an author’s identity or to increase their appeal to readers, literary pseudonyms became commonplace from the 1800s onwards.（答案：Whether） 考查选择关系。固定结构 whether...or...（无论是…… 还是……）引导选择状语，列出使用笔名的两种核心目的，体现 “二选一” 的逻辑，故填 Whether。 3 2026 年长宁区一模第 2 题 Some of these attacks damaged the artworks or display cases 2 the National Gallery has now been forced to take protective action.（答案：so that） 考查因果关系。连词 so that（因此、所以）引导结果状语从句，前文 “袭击损坏艺术品和展示柜” 是原因，后文 “美术馆采取保护措施” 是自然结果，因果推导清晰，故填 so that。 考点三 考查特殊句式 （2026 年宝山区一模第 9 题） Many participants consider 9 highly beneficial to participate in an OCR. （答案：it） 命题解读 新考法：考查 “consider + it + adj. + to do” 的形式宾语特殊句式，it 替代后面的不定式短语作形式宾语，避免句子结构失衡，命题侧重特殊句式的固定搭配及语境应用，而非孤立记忆句式结构。 新角度：以 “斯巴达障碍赛” 为背景，聚焦体育竞技与个人成长的关联，情境贴近当下年轻人热衷的极限运动潮流，具有现实共鸣。 知识点1强调结构 1．强调句型。 (1)强调句型的基本结构为：It is/w＋被强调的部分＋tt/who＋句子其他部分。该句型可对句子的主语、表语、宾语、同位语、状语等进行强调。 (2)强调句型的一般疑问句结构为：Is/Was＋it＋被强调的部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？ He asked what it was that made him so upset. 他询问究竟是什么让他如此难过。 (3)强调句型的特殊疑问句结构为：特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋句子其他部分？ 强调句型亦可用于宾语从句中，但注意语序要用陈述句语序。 It was not until he took off his sunglasses that I realized him. 直到他摘下墨镜我才认出他。 (4)not...until句型的强调句型结构为：It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分。 2．强调谓语动词。 用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。 知识点2倒装句 1．将含有否定意义的副词或连词置于句首引起的部分倒装结构。这类词(组)有：never, seldom, rarely, little, few, at no time, by no means, no longer, hardly/scarcely...when..., no sooner...than..., not only...but also..., not until, nowhere, neither...nor...等。 Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 她以前从没见过打网球和罗伯特一样好的人。 2．only＋状语置于句首时，主句要进行部分倒装。 Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours did they reach a decision. 讨论这个问题数小时后他们才做出决定。 3．作状语的介词短语放于句首时引起的句子要全部倒装。有时为了强调将作状语的介词短语放在句首，而将主语放到句末；或者当句子中主语较长时，为了使句子平衡，常把作状语的介词短语置于句首。 Through the window came in the sweet music. 从窗户里飘出美妙的音乐。 4．so/such...that...结构中的so，such连同它所修饰的成分共同位于句首表示强调时，主句要用部分倒装。 So frightened was she that she could not say a word. 她如此害怕以至于一句话也说不出来。 Such great progress did he make that he was praised. 他取得了如此大的进步以至于受到了表扬。 5．表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时，用倒装结构“so/neither/nor＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”(so表示肯定意义，neither/nor表示否定意义)。 6．as引导的让步状语从句要用倒装结构。即as引导的让步状语从句中必须将表语、状语(形容词、副词、分词)或实义动词提前，构成“形容词/副词/名词/动词/分词＋as＋主语＋谓语的其他部分”的形式。 使用as进行倒装时需要注意的是： (1)句首是单数可数名词时，名词不能带任何冠词。 Pop star as she is, she still needs to improve. 尽管她已是很受欢迎的歌手，但仍需要提高。 (2)句首是实义动词时，其他助动词则放在主语之后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，则宾语和状语随实义动词一起放在主语之前。 Fail as I did, I would never give up.尽管我失败了，但我不放弃。 知识点3省略句 1．复合句中的省略。 在用as if, if, though, when, where, while, no matter what, until等引导的从句中，若谓语部分含be动词，而主语又与主句的主语一致时，从句的主语和谓语中的be动词可以一起省略。 All the photographs in this book, unless stated otherwise, date from the 1950s. 这本书里的相片，除非有说明，否则都是二十世纪五十年代的。 2．动词不定式符号to的省略及不定式的省略。 在主动语态中，感官动词或使役动词后接不定式作补足语时，往往将不定式符号to省略；在同一句话或同一情景对话中，当同一动作再次出现在后面的不定式位置上时，通常省略该动作而保留不定式符号to。 3．so/not构成替代省略。 英语中还常常用so/not等来代替省略的肯定内容或否定内容，so/not多跟在I'm afraid/IpI think/II believe等开头的答句中；条件状语从句中有时也有类似的用法，如：if so/if not等。 It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine. If so, we'd better take it to the garage immediately. 听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。 知识点3 there be 句型 There be 句型表示“某时间/空间存在/有……”，there本身没有词义，谓语动词be后面的名词/代词是主语。be可以有不同的时态，可以和情态动词连用。There be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur, happen to be, appear to be, seem to be , used to be等替换。 Once upon a time there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea. 从前在海边的一个村庄里住着一位老渔夫。 There have been many great changes in our country since then. 从那以后，我国发生了许多巨大的变化。 a．There be句型中的谓语动词be在人称和数上应与其后的主语保持一致。 There is a flower in the bottle. 瓶中有一朵花。 There are five books on the desk. 桌上有五本书。 b．若There be句型中主语为并列结构，be的数和人称遵循就近原则。 There is a boy, a girl and two women in the house. 房子里有一个男孩、一个女孩和两个妇女。 There are ten students and a teacher in the office. 办公室里有十个学生和一个老师。 c. there be结构的非谓语动词形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我希望在这方面不会有任何争论。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我从没想过会有什么好机会。 There being nothing else to do，we went home. (there be句型的独立主格结构) 由于我们无事可做，我们就回家了。 知识点4 感叹句 1．what引导的感叹句 what引导的感叹句 示例 What＋a/an＋(adj.)＋单数可数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What a good heart you have!你的心肠真好！ What＋(adj.)＋不可数名词/复数名词＋主语＋谓语！ What interesting stories he's told us! 他给我们讲的故事真有趣！ 2．how引导的感叹句 how引导的感叹句 示例 How＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语！ How clever the boy is!这个男孩多么聪明啊！ How＋adj.＋a/an＋单词名词＋主语＋谓语！ How clever a boy he is! 他是一个多么聪明的男孩啊！ How＋主语＋谓语！ How time flies! 光阴似箭！ 考向1 考查强调句 例1（2025・上海杨浦・一模） It was with great effort ______ he managed to finish the task ahead of time. 答案：that 解析：考查强调句。强调句的基本结构为 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”，此处被强调部分是方式状语 “with great effort”，故用 that 引导。 考向2 考查倒装句 例1 （2025・上海静安・二模） Only when you experience it by yourself ______ you understand the difficulty. 【答案】can/will 【解析】考查部分倒装。“Only + 时间状语从句” 位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装结构，根据语境可知，此处可填 can 表示 “能够”，或 will 表示 “将会”，正常语序为 “you can/will understand”。 考向3 考查省略句与感叹句 例1（2025・上海徐汇・一模） ______ wonderful a performance the actor gave on the stage! No wonder he won the award. 答案：How 解析：考查感叹句。感叹句结构为 “How + 形容词 / 副词 + 主语 + 谓语”，此处 “wonderful” 为形容词，“a performance the actor gave on the stage” 为主语和谓语部分，所以用 How 引导。 考向4 考查there be句型 例1 There (be) neither gas nor electricity at home, we had to go to the nearest restaurant to have lunch. 【答案】being 【解析】考查独立主格结构。句意：家里既没有煤气也没有电，我们不得不去最近的餐馆吃午饭。这是There being用于独立主格结构作状语，相当于一个状语从句。故答案是being。 例2 We don’t want there (be) any student falling behind. 【答案】to be 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们不想有学生掉队。这是“动词+there+ to be”句型，用于描述某个地方或情境中存在某种事物或人物。故填to be。 考点四 考查冠、介、代、情态动词及其它 （2026 年嘉定区一模第 3 题） One reason for this (3) ______ be cultural dietary habits. （答案：could/might/may） 命题解读 新考法：考查情态动词表 “不确定推测” 的用法，结合 “研究推测原因” 的语境，需选择语气委婉的 could/might/may，而非单纯考查情态动词的基本含义，侧重 “语境语气与情态动词的匹配”。 新角度：围绕 “睡眠时长与健康” 的跨文化研究，结合饮食差异探讨健康谜题，情境紧扣当下健康养生、文化对比的热点话题，贴近现实科研与生活。 新角度：通过语境判断动词时态而没有给出具体的时间标准。 1）冠词 表示泛指的“一(个,本,座……)”时用不定冠词a/an，表示特指时用the。 2）介词 句子不缺主语、表语、动词后不缺宾语的情况下，名词或代词前面，一定是填介词。 常用介词：in, on, at, to, from, of, off, under, above, below, over, across, through, beyond, behind, beside, between, among, near, up, down, along, around, before, after, since, for, against, besides, except, by, with, without, about, as, like, during, into, throughout, until, within, toward, past, despite, regardless of, in spite of, because of, due to, owing to, thanks to, except for, apart from, other than, such as, according to, instead of, rather than, as well as, in addition to, … 3）代词 当句子缺主语、宾语或定语时，填代词。前后看,是指人、事物；指男、指女,单数、复数；还是填形式主语或形式宾语的it。(注意定语从句可省略作宾语的关系代词,宾语从句可省略that情况，反身代词不能做主语，可做宾语和同位语情况等) 主要考察：人称代词we, you, her, it, they等；物主代词my, their, yours, hers等；反身代词himself, themselves等；指示代词this, these, that, those;不定代词 everything, something, anything, nothing, everyone, someone, everybody, somebody, anybody, nobody, both, either, neither, all, none, each, others, the other, another, the others, one, the one(s). 4）情态动词和助动词 若结构较完整，空格在主语和谓语动词之间且动词是原形，一般是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 考向1：不定冠词 / 定冠词 / 零冠词用法 2025・上海闵行・二模 第 5 题 原题：The academy offers two options: ____ on-campus, residential program... 中文翻译：该学院提供两种选择：一个为期三周的校园住宿项目…… 答案：an 解析：on-campus 以元音音素开头，表泛指 “一个项目”，用不定冠词 an。 2025・上海虹口・二模 第 10 题 原题：...the best opportunities come from saying yes to ____ unexpected... 中文翻译：最好的机会来自于对意外之事说 “是”…… 答案：the 解析：“the + 形容词” 表一类事物，the unexpected 指 “意外之事”，用定冠词表特指。 考向2：介词词义辨析/介词短语搭配 （核心：固定介词短语、介词与名词 / 动词的搭配、介词表逻辑关系（时间 / 范围 / 方式等）） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年静安区一模第 1 题 An adult black bear was helping itself (1) ______ some jam. （答案：to） 考查介词固定搭配。“help oneself to” 为固定短语，意为 “随意取用；擅自吃 / 用”，介词 to 是该搭配的固定组成部分，不可替换。 2 2026 年嘉定区一模第 10 题 the relationship (10) ______ how long you sleep and your health.（答案：between） 考查介词短语搭配。“between...and...” 为固定结构，表 “在…… 和…… 之间”，用于连接两个并列的名词性成分，此处连接 “睡眠时间” 和 “健康”，逻辑关系明确。 3 2026 年黄浦区一模第 5 题 some residents interpreted this 5 a blanket prevention on feeding dogs.（答案：as） 考查介词固定搭配。“interpret...as...” 为固定短语，意为 “将…… 解读为……”，介词 as 表 “作为”，符合 “居民将裁决解读为全面禁止喂狗” 的语境。 考向3：关系代词 / 人称代词 /反身代词/指示代词 / it用法 （核心：关系代词引导从句、人称代词指代前文对象、指示代词避免重复、it 作形式主语 / 宾语） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 1 题 Japanese people sleep significantly less than (1) ______ in the US.（答案：those） 考查指示代词用法。those 指代前文的 “people”，属于 “同类复数异物”，避免重复表述 “people in the United States”，符合代词指代的简洁原则。 2 2026 年宝山区一模第 9 题 Many participants consider 9 highly beneficial to participate in an OCR.（答案：it） 考查 it 作形式宾语用法。“consider + it + adj. + to do sth.” 为固定结构，it 作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语 “to participate in an OCR”，避免句子结构失衡。 3 2026 年静安区一模第 7 题 The more bears are interacting with people,the more comfortable (7) ______ become.（答案：they） 考查人称代词用法。they 指代前文的复数名词 “bears”，在句中作主语，指代明确，符合 “熊与人类互动越多，就越自在” 的语义逻辑。 考向4：情态动词用法 （核心：情态动词表推测、义务、必须、可能性，结合语境判断语气强弱） 例子 题源 题目关键信息 解析 1 2026 年嘉定区一模第 3 题 One reason for this (3) ______ be cultural dietary habits. （答案：could/might/may） 考查情态动词表推测。此处对 “健康差异的原因” 进行不确定推测，could/might/may 表 “可能”，语气委婉，符合 “仅为其中一个潜在原因” 的语境。 2 2026 年宝山区一模第 4 题 In addition to running, each person ____4____complete a minimum of 20 obstacles.（答案：must） 考查情态动词表必须。must 表 “必须”，强调斯巴达赛事的硬性要求，符合 “每位参赛者必须完成至少 20 个障碍” 的规则设定，语气坚定。 3 2026 年杨浦区一模第 10 题 addressing the root causes 10 be the top priority.（答案：should/must） 考查情态动词表建议 / 义务。should 表 “应该”、must 表 “必须”，均体现 “解决非法狩猎根源是长期解决方案的首要任务” 的必要性，符合研究人员的建议语气。 【语篇填空】 Passage 1 【来源】上海市徐汇区上海中学2025-2026学年高三上学期练习一英语试题 Grandparents are carers out of love-and necessity I look after my grandchildren — at least a few hours for one day a week, often more. I love them deeply, and want to offer them 1 steadiness I can, while I can. But love alone isn’t what holds this together. I also care for them because their parents, like so many others, 2 (stretch) to the edge. Childcare is unaffordable. Work is nonstop. There is little left in reserve. Many grandparents step in not as a choice, but as the only available cushion in a 3 (fail) system. But that help comes at a cost. Caring for young children is tiring at any age; for older adults, after a full day or more, the next day is often a write-off too, 4 seems to be something almost no policy takes into account. This reflects the gradual withdrawal of social responsibility from care, and the expectation for families 5 (absorb) the shock. We are seeing the effects of this every day through exhaustion, silence and strain 6 (carry) behind closed doors. As a systemic psychotherapist, I try to pay attention to patterns: what holds people together, and what pulls them apart. One pattern I see is that the work of care has become more vital, yet 7 (visible). Grandparents, like many others, are holding families together 8 the scenes. But we rarely speak about it, and policy almost never accounts for it. Nowadays 9 climate disruption accelerates and social fragility deepens, care is the connective tissue that keeps communities alive. If we fail to recognise and support it, we weaken the very systems we will need to face what 10 (come). 【答案】 1．whatever 2．are stretched 3．failing 4．which 5．to absorb 6．carried 7．less visible 8．behind 9．as 10．is coming 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讲述了祖父母照顾孙辈的无奈及护理工作的重要性。 1．考查宾语从句。句意：我深爱着他们，想尽我所能，在我还能照顾他们的时候，给予他们一切安稳的陪伴。本空引导宾语从句，作offer的宾语，完整的从句结构是：____ steadiness I can (offer)，本空意为“无论什么样的”，用whatever，作定语，修饰steadiness。故填 whatever。 2．考查动词时态语态和主谓一致。句意：我也照顾他们，因为他们的父母，像许多其他人一样，已经到了崩溃的边缘。本句陈述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语their parents和动词stretch“（使）绷紧，拉紧，伸直”之间为被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are stretched。 3．考查形容词。句意：很多祖父母介入帮忙，并非出于选择，而是作为这个运转失灵的体系中唯一可用的缓冲。本空修饰名词system，作定语，表示“失灵的，出问题的”，用形容词failing。故填failing。 4．考查定语从句。句意：照顾年幼的孩子在任何年龄都是很累人的；对于老年人来说，在忙碌了一整天或更长时间后，第二天通常也会被荒废掉，这似乎是几乎没有政策考虑到的。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 5．考查非谓语动词。句意：这反映出社会责任正逐渐从照护领域退出，转而期望家庭来承受这种冲击。absorb“吸收，承受，承担”。本空作后置定语，修饰抽象名词expectation，用不定式to absorb。故填to absorb。 6．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们每天都能看到这种影响，通过疲惫、沉默和在紧闭的门后承受的压力。本句谓语为are seeing，此处为非谓语动词，且strain与carry“承受，承受住”之间为被动关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填carried。 7．考查形容词比较级句意：我观察到的一种趋势是，照护工作变得愈发重要，但却愈发不被人看见。根据语境中的yet“然而”可知，此处与前面的more vital形成对比，用形容词比较级less visible，意为“更不显眼的”，作表语。故填less visible。 8．考查介词。句意：祖父母和其他许多人一样，在幕后维系着家庭。表示“在……的后面”，用介词behind，behind the scenes“在幕后”。故填behind。 9．考查状语从句。句意：如今，随着气候混乱加剧和社会脆弱性加深，照护是维持社区活力的结缔组织。本空引导时间状语从句，表示“随着”，应用as。故填as。 10．考查动词的时态。句意：如果我们未能重视并支持照护工作，我们就会削弱那些未来即将面临挑战时所必需的体系。本空表示将来发生的动作，用现在进行时表将来，谓语用is coming。故填is coming。 Passage2 【来源】2026年上海市普通高等学校招生全国统一招生考试模拟英语试题（未来教研之星标准学术能力测试） From emotional breakdowns to quiet companionship, more people today are turning to AI for support. As tools like ChatGPT become part of everyday life, from dating apps to therapy bots, some 11 (believe) we’re not just using machines to save time, but also asking them to handle emotions. Many users, especially those feeling isolated or anxious, find comfort in AI’s calm and steady tone. “It reflects 12 I say,” one user shared, “and sometimes, that’s all I need.” For people under stress, having 13 that listens without judging can make a big difference. AI, always available and never upset, may seem more supportive than a human friend during hard times. Still, others remain unconvinced. Sounding kind and understanding, AI may create a sense of care, but lacking real emotion, it cannot truly connect. 14 the ability to feel or to process pain in a human way, it functions by predicting likely responses based on patterns in data. 15 (see) through this lens, the support it offers can be considered less meaningful, especially when compared to real human empathy. Some people argue that such help is not as meaningful as it appears, especially if users begin to trust it more than they 16 . In some cases, people even felt betrayed — as if the machine 17 (lie) to them, by sounding caring while actually knowing nothing about what they were going through. Experts remind us that AI, like any tool, depends on how it’s used. A knife can be used 18 (prepare) food, or to hurt. In the same way, AI can support or harm. Using it responsibly is key. There are deeper questions, too. 19 advanced, AI will remain less human than it sounds. It cannot fully copy our tone, timing, or emotions. And if AI ever becomes conscious, we may face complex debates about ethics and rights. In the end, AI is not a friend, but a mirror — one that reflects us, but doesn’t truly know us. Still, for some, that quiet reflection may be enough to feel just a little 20 (alone). 【答案】 11．believe/are believing 12．what 13．something/somebody/someone 14．Without 15．Seen 16．should 17．had lied 18．to prepare 19．No matter how 20．less alone 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了如今越来越多人借助人工智能寻求情感支持的现象，探讨了人工智能提供支持的优势与局限性，同时指出人工智能的作用取决于使用方式，并提及相关的伦理与权利争议。 11．考查动词时态。句意：随着ChatGPT等工具融入日常生活，从约会软件到治疗机器人，一些人认为我们不仅使用机器来节省时间，还要求它们处理情绪。此处为谓语动词，陈述客观事实，可用一般现在时，主语some（一些人）为复数，谓语动词用原形believe；也可表示当前阶段正在进行的动作，用现在进行时are believing。故填believe/are believing。 12．考查宾语从句。句意：“这反映出了我所说的话，”一位用户分享道，“有时候，这就是我所需要的一切。”此处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少宾语，指代“我说的话”，故用连接代词what。故填what。 13．考查不定代词。句意：对于压力大的人来说，有一个能倾听而不评判的事物或人会有很大不同。此处泛指“某个能倾听而不评判的事物或人”，可用something（某物）、somebody（某人）或someone（某人），均符合语境。故填something/somebody/someone。 14．考查介词。句意：由于缺乏以人类方式感受或处理痛苦的能力，它通过基于数据模式预测可能的反应来运作。根据后文“it functions by predicting likely responses based on patterns in data”可知，此处表示“缺乏……能力”，用介词without，意为“没有，缺乏”，句首首字母大写。故填Without。 15．考查非谓语动词。句意：从这个角度来看，它提供的支持可以被认为不那么有意义，尤其是与真实的人类同理心相比时。句中已有谓语动词can be considered，此处需用非谓语动词，主语the support与see之间为被动关系，故用过去分词seen，作状语，句首首字母大写。故填Seen。 16．考查情态动词。句意：一些人认为这样的帮助并不像看起来那么有意义，尤其是如果用户开始比他们应该的那样更信任它的话。此处表示“应该”，用情态动词should，完整表达为than they should trust it，此处省略了trust it，符合语境。故填should。 17．考查虚拟语气。句意：在某些情况下，人们甚至感到被背叛——就好像机器在欺骗他们，听起来很关心人，实际上却对他们正在经历的事情一无所知。此处为as if引导的表语从句，从句表示与过去事实相反的假设，谓语动词用“had + 过去分词”形式。故填had lied。 18．考查非谓语动词。句意：刀可以用来准备食物，也可以用来伤人。be used to do sth为固定搭配，意为“被用来做某事”。故填to prepare。 19．考查让步状语从句。句意：无论人工智能多么先进，它都将比听起来更缺乏人性。此处引导让步状语从句，修饰形容词advanced，用“no matter how + 形容词”结构，意为“无论多么……”，句首首字母大写。故填No matter how。 20．考查形容词比较级。句意：尽管如此，对一些人来说，这种安静的回应可能足以让他们感觉不那么孤单。根据前文“that quiet reflection may be enough”可知，此处表示“不那么孤单”，用alone的比较级less alone。故填less alone。 Directions : After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. Passage 3 【来源】上海市上海师范大学附属外国语中学2025-2026学年高三上学期第一次月考英语试卷 Predicting Powerful Waves The earthquake in Russia's Kamchatka Peninsula on July 30 may have been one of 21 (strong) ever recorded, with a magnitude of 8.8. But thanks to advances in science and technology, governments had enough time to warn and evacuate people 22 the tsunami arrived. To understand how coastal communities are protected, you first need to know how tsunamis are formed. They are caused when the sea floor moves after an earthquake, landslide or volcanic eruption. This movement releases energy, which pushes a wave through the deep sea. Different from normal ocean waves caused by wind and storms, tsunami waves move through the whole depth of the water, not just the surface. The first early warning system for the Pacific Ocean 23 (set) up in 1948. Since then, warning accuracy and speed have improved greatly. One key step was in 1963, 24 a worldwide network of seismometers（测震仪）was built. This made it easier to find the location and strength of an earthquake. In 1978, this system was upgraded to a digital broadband global network of seismometers, which could give more detailed information more quickly. Scientists could now estimate the earthquake's size, where the ground split, and 25 it moved in three dimensions. Today, 46 countries share data through the Pacific Ocean warning system. 26 uses both physical and statistical models to predict tsunami height. Satellites can now measure wave height directly from space 27 (use) radar. Forecast methods have also improved. Scientists have even started using AI programs to make predictions faster and more accurate. The US Geological Survey pioneered the rapid sharing of earthquake data with the public. Initial estimates can now be given 28 minutes after an earthquake, and these are updated over the next few hours as more data are collected. However, tsunami height predictions are never precise — the height can be higher or lower than 29 (expect) in different places. Early warning systems also depend on fast communication with the public. This includes mobile phone alerts, coordination between countries, clear safety advice, evacuation plans and regular tests of the alarm system. As a tsunami gets near the shore, it slows down to about the speed of a car, but it is still impossible to outrun it. Therefore, the best choice is 30 (act) quickly and calmly at the very moment. 【答案】 21．the strongest 22．before 23．was set 24．when 25．how 26．It 27．using 28．within 29．expected 30．to act 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了海啸预警系统的发展以及如何预测海啸高度等相关内容。 21．考查形容词最高级。句意：7月30日发生在俄罗斯堪察加半岛的地震可能是有记录以来最强烈的地震之一，震级为8.8级。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”，所以此处应填strong的最高级strongest。故填the strongest。 22．考查时间状语从句。句意：但由于科学技术的进步，政府有足够的时间在海啸到来之前警告并疏散人员。根据语境可知，此处表示“在海啸到来之前”，应用连词before引导时间状语从句。故填before。 23．考查动词语态。句意：太平洋的第一个预警系统于1948年建立。此处是句子谓语，根据时间状语in 1948可知，句子应用一般过去时，主语system与动词set up之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词用was。故填was set。 24．考查定语从句。句意：关键的一步是在1963年，当时建立了一个全球地震测震仪网络。此处为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词1963，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以使用关系副词when引导该定语从句。故填when。 25．考查宾语从句。句意：科学家们现在可以估计地震的规模、地面裂开的位置以及它在三维空间中的移动情况。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，表示“如何”，所以使用连接副词how引导该宾语从句。故填how。 26．考查代词。句意：它使用物理和统计模型来预测海啸高度。根据语境可知，此处指代上文提到的“the Pacific Ocean warning system”，应用代词it作主语，句首单词，首字母大写。故填It。 27．考查非谓语动词。句意：卫星现在可以利用雷达直接从太空测量海浪高度。此处作状语，主句的主语satellites与动词use之间存在主动关系，应使用现在分词，作方式状语。故填using。 28．考查介词。句意：初步估计现在可以在地震发生后几分钟内给出，随着收集到更多数据，这些估计会在接下来的几个小时里不断更新。此处表示“在……时间内”，应使用介词within，所以此处应填介词within。故填within。 29．考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，海啸高度的预测从来都不精确——不同地方的海啸高度可能比预期的高或低。此处为省略结构，完整形式为than it is expected，height与expect之间是被动关系，需用过去分词expected，表“被预期的”。故填expected。 30．考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，最好的选择是在那一刻迅速而冷静地采取行动。此处需用动词不定式作表语，说明the best choice的具体内容。故填to act。 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司6 / 31 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $