专题06 情态动词(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测
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摘要:
该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“情态动词”专题,覆盖中考核心考点,包括情态动词基本用法、表推测、情态动词+have done及易混辨析。通过思维导图构建知识网络,分考点细化can/could表能力、must表推测等用法,结合考情剖析明确命题方向,设计“考点梳理-方法指导-真题训练”流程,帮助学生系统突破难点,提升语言理解与表达能力。
亮点在于“靶向突破+分层训练”策略,如用“Must...?否定回答用needn’t”等问答公式辨析易混点,通过推测语气强度表(must>may>might)培养思维品质。配套真题及模拟题(单选、单词拼写等)分层练习,即时反馈优化学习能力,助力学生高效掌握考点,教师可依此把控复习节奏,实现精准备考。
内容正文:
专题06 情态动词
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 5
★ 考点一 情态动词的用法 3
1. 情态动词can/could的用法 4
2. 情态动词may/might的用法 4
3. 情态动词must的用法 5
4. 情态动词shall/should的用法 5
5. 情态动词will/would的用法 6
6. 情态动词need的用法 6
7. 其他情态动词的用法 6
★考点二 情态动词表推测的用法 8
考点三 情态动词+ have done的用法 10
★考点四 易混情态动词辨析 11
04 优题精选·练能提分...........................................................................................................................................12
情态动词考点
课标要求
复习目标
基本用法
· 掌握 can/could、may/might、must/have to、should/ought to 等核心情态动词的构成和用法。
1.掌握常见情态动词的基本用法;
2. 熟练区分易混情态动词的用法差异。
情态动词表推测
· 掌握情态动词表肯定、否定及不确定推测的用法。
易混情态动词辨析
· 掌握 can 与 may、must 与 have to、need 与 have to、Will与be going to等易混情态动词的区别。
命题预测
情态动词的考点常以单项选择的形式进行考查,
考查的命题点有:情态动词的基本用法、情态动词表推测、易混情态动词辨析等。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:根据句意与语境锁定功能
判断题目空格需要表达“推测”、“请求”、“能力”还是“义务”等。
锦囊2:牢记情态动词的特征
1.无人称和数的变化,have to/be able to除外
2.后接动词原形(不能独立作谓语)
锦囊3:熟记两组“问答公式”
掌握情态动词的否定式、疑问式及回应句式(如 Must...? 的否定回答)。
— Must I …?
— Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
— Need I …?
— Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
考点一 情态动词的用法
定义:情态动词,本身具有一定的意义,用于表达说话人的情感态度、语气或主观设想。
情态动词不能独立作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。如:
My brother can drive. 我弟弟会开车。
My brother can’t drive. 我弟弟不会开车。
Can your brother drive? 你弟弟会开车吗?
Can’t your brother drive? 你弟弟不会开车吗?
情态动词在特殊语境具有特殊含义(如:must“非得,必须”,should“竟然”),
常见情态动词表推测是中考的热点和难点,必须根据具体语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
常见情态动词:
(1)只作情态动词:must;can/could;may/might;ought to
(2)既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare
(3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词:shall/should;will/would
(4)具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to;had better
1. 情态动词can/could的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
can
(could)
表示“能力”,意思是“能,会”,
否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。
Mike can speak a little Chinese.
I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
表示“征求意见”,“许可,允许”。
用在疑问句中,
could比can的语气更委婉、客气。
Could you tell me something about your school?
Can I have a look at your new pen?
表推测,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
can't表示“不可能”。
He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan.
be able to do表示“能够做某事”,可以用于各种时态。
He has been able to draw pictures already.
2. 情态动词may/might 的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
may
(might)
用于肯定句中表示“许可”,
用在疑问句中表示“请求”。
May I leave early today?
She asked if she might have my bike.
表推测, might表“推测”时,可能性比may的可能性小,把握把握不大。
He might be busy, but I’m not sure.
She may have forgotten the meeting.
May you+动词原形”表示祝愿,意为“祝你……!”。
May you succeed! 祝你成功! May God bless you! 上帝保佑你!
3. 情态动词must的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
must
must表示“必须”,强调说话人主观态度,
否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许,禁止。
You must finish your homework before dinner.
You mustn't smoke in the library.
表示推测,暗含很大可能性,意为“想必,准是,一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
表示“偏偏,非要”。
指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。
If you must go out tonight, at least take an umbrella.
1.must的一般疑问句:
肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.
—Must I clean the classroom now?
—Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t.
2.must和have to的区别:must表示"必须",通常着重于说话者的主观看法。
have to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,否定式为don’t have to,相当于needn't。
They had to walk home because the bus didn’t come.
4. 情态动词shall/should的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
shall
(should)
shall表示征求对方意见。
用在第一三人称疑问句中
When shall I be at your place?
shall表示说话人的意愿,有“命令,允诺,警告,决心”等意思,
用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say.
He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise.
should表示“推测”,常意为“按理说应该”
The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late.
should/ought to:两者大多数情况下可以互换。
ought to表示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。
否定形式为ought not to(缩写为oughtn’t to),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词原形。如:
You ought to do it now.
—Ought we to go there now?
—Yes, you ought(to). —No, you ought not(to).
5. 情态动词will/would的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
will
(would)
表示意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.
表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen.
The train will arrive on time.
will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉。
Will you call me when you arrive?
Would you help me with this form?
6. 情态动词need的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
need
need表示必要性,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形。
needn't表示“不必”。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。
She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared.
need用作实意动词,接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。
Do they need to book a hotel in advance?
7. 其他情态动词的用法
1.dare用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句。dare用作实意动词,接名不定式作宾语。
She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢独自外出。
Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher?
2.used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
3.had better意为“最好”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。他们敢和老师争论吗?
【易错提醒】
1. mustn’t 表示 “禁止”; don’t have to 或 needn’t表示“不必” 。
2. could 表请求时比 can 更委婉,回答仍用 can(不用 could),如:Could you help me? — Yes, I can.
3. 表过去的 “必须”,如果是客观要求用 had to,must 无过去式(除表推测外)。
4. had better 后接动词原形,否定式在 better 后加 not,无人称变化(无论主语是第几人称,均用 had better)。
5. shall 表建议仅用于第一人称(I/we),表规定 / 命令用于第二、三人称(如规则、法律条文)。
6. need 有两种用法:作情态动词时,仅用于否定 / 疑问句,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,可用于所有句式,后接 to do。
7. 回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。如:
—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock?
—Yes, you must. /—No, you needn’t (No, you don’t have to).
8. 在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t。如:
—May I watch TV after supper?
—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t.
9. 在回答need开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。如:
—Need we stay behind after school? —Yes, you must.
—Need he go now? —No, he needn’t.
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t
2.(2025·北京·中考真题)—Mom, ________ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon?
—Yes, of course you can.
A.can B.must C.need D.should
3.(2025·四川·中考真题)—________ I have your family name?
—Of course. It’s Smith.
A.May B.Must C.Need
4.(2025·四川·中考真题)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket.
—Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you _______ waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
5.(2025·北京西城·二模)— Sam, you ________ go on watching TV. It’s too late.
— OK, mom.
A.can B.wouldn’t C.must D.shouldn’t
二、单词拼写
6.(2025·四川·中考真题)As children’s first teachers, parents should (encourage) their children to learn how to do chores at home.
7.(2025·甘肃·中考真题)People mustn’t (smoke) in public places.
8.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)Touring, studying and living in Nanjing, you may (find) it changing and growing every day.
9.(2024·西藏·中考真题)You must clean your room. Could you please (not throw) your books everywhere?
10.(2025·甘肃·一模)I’m afraid that I can’t (pronunciation) the new English words when we learn them.
考点二 情态动词表推测的用法
推测
类型
常用
情态动词
适用
句式
语气
强度
例句
肯定
推测
must>may
>might>could
肯定句
must(100% 肯定)
>may(70% 可能)
>might/could(50% 可能)
He must be in the office.
(他一定在办公室)
She may be late.(她可能会迟到)
否定
推测
can’t>may not
>might not
否定句
can’t(100% 否定)
>may not(30% 可能不)
>might not(20% 可能不)
It can’t be him.(不可能是他)
They may not come.(他们可能不来)
疑问
推测
can/could
疑问句
can(常用)
>could(委婉)
Can he be at home?(他可能在家吗?)
Could they have missed the bus?
(他们可能错过公交车了吗?)
【易错提醒】
1. 肯定推测不用 can(除理论上的可能性),如:Smoking can cause cancer.(理论可能)
2. must 表推测仅用于肯定句,否定句用 can’t,疑问句用 can。
3. could/might 表推测时,语气比 may 弱,不表示过去,仅表示可能性更低。
4. had better/shall/need 不用于表推测:had better 仅表建议,shall 表建议 / 规定,need 仅表必要。
5. 5.need 作情态动词时,无过去式;作实义动词时,过去式为 needed,如:He needed to finish it yesterday.(实义动词,过去式)。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his.
A.must B.may C.mustn’t D.can’t
2.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on?
—I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning.
A.may not B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
3.(2025·江苏·模拟预测)How confident Amy looks! She ______ have got everything ready for the singing competition.
A.need B.must C.can D.would
4.(2022·江苏·一模)— Only fifty-one books? There ________ be fifty-three.
— Oh, Mr. Zhang took two away yesterday.
A.should B.must C.can D.may
5.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)With the development of AI technology, people ______ do dangerous jobs because robots can help.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
考点三 情态动词+ have done的用法
情态动词+have done
用法
例句
must have done
表对过去事情的肯定推测(一定做了)
He isn’t here. He must have left early.(他不在这,一定早走了)
can’t/couldn’t have done
表对过去事情的否定推测(不可能做了)
She can’t have stolen the money. She’s honest.(她不可能偷钱,她很诚实)
may/might have done
表对过去事情的不确定推测(可能做了)
They might have arrived already.(他们可能已经到了)
should/ought to have done
表过去本应该做而没做(遗憾 / 责备)
You should have studied harder.(你本应该更努力学习)
could have done
表过去本可以做而没做(惋惜)
He could have won the game.(他本可以赢得比赛)
needn’t have done
表过去本不必做却做了(多余)
You needn’t have bought so much food.(你本不必买这么多食物)
had better have done
表过去本最好做而没做(轻微责备,口语中较少用)
You’d better have taken the train. The bus is too slow.(你本最好坐火车,公交车太慢了)
【易错提醒】
1. 结合语境判断是推测还是遗憾。
“have done” 表明动作发生在过去(如 needn’t have done 表 “过去多余的动作”)。
2. 区分语气差异:
must have done 是肯定推测,should have done 是责备,
needn’t have done 是多余,had better have done 是 “过去本应做却没做” 的轻微提醒。
完成句子
1.(2025·广东广州·中考真题)目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。
Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support.
2.(2025·贵州·一模)油炸食品应该被限制,而水果可以被选作零食。
Fried food should be limited and fruits can as snacks.
3.(2025·广东广州·二模)AI 可以被用来生成英语作文。
AI to generate English compositions.
考点四 易混情态动词辨析
易混组
核心区别
例句
can
may
(表许可)can 口语化,may 更正式;
can 表请求更直接,may 更礼貌
Can I borrow your book?(口语)
May I enter the room?(正式)
must
have to
must 主观义务(说话人认为必须);
have to 客观要求(外界因素)
I must study hard.(主观意愿)
I have to go now.(有事情要做,客观)
should
had better
should 表常规建议(语气较温和,无暗示);
had better 表强建议(含 “不做可能有不好结果” 的暗示,无人称变化)
You should drink more water.(常规建议)You’d better drink more water, or you’ll get thirsty.(强建议,含风险暗示)
shall
will
shall 表建议(仅 I/we,征求意见)或规定;
will 表意愿(所有人称)或客观事实
Shall we go shopping?(建议,征求意见)
I will help you.(意愿)
need(情态)need(实义)
情态 need:仅否定 / 疑问句,后接动词原形;
实义 need:可用于所有句式,后接 to do,有 s 形式(needs)
Need we go now?(情态,否定 / 疑问)We need to go now.(实义,肯定句)
needn’t
don’t have to
二者均表 “不必”,可互换;
needn’t 是情态动词否定式,
don’t have to 是实义动词否定式
You needn’t wait.
(=You don’t have to wait.)
【易错提醒】
1.主观用 must,客观用 have to;
2.禁止用 mustn’t,不能用 can’t;
3.常规建议 should,强建议 had better(不做有风险),征求意见用 shall(I/we);
4.need 分两种:情态 “不必” needn’t,实义 “需要” to do 跟;
5.不必 needn’t/don’t have to,两者互换没问题。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Will you be able to finish the work in time?
—I ________ promise anything, but I’ll do my best.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
2.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)From April 8, pet owners in China ________ bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
3.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)For your safety, you ________ wear the seat belt even if you are sitting in the back seat of the car.
A.might B.can C.would D.must
4.(2025·全国·模拟预测)—Can we still see this kind of rare trees in the mountain?
—It is hard to say. There ________ be some on the top of it.
A.will B.must C.may D.need
5.(2025·甘肃·一模)—Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you ________. I have told him already.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津南开·三模)—Doctor Wang, must I take the medicine?
—No, you ______. You’ll get well soon.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t
2.(2025·北京房山·二模)—Must we bring our own lunch for the field trip, Ms. Brown?
—No, you ________. The school will provide meals.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
3.(2025·北京海淀·二模)—________ you pass the dictionary to me, please?
—Sure. Here you are.
A.Must B.Need C.Could D.Should
4.(2025·北京·模拟预测)—________ you play the piano at the party, Kitty?
—Sure. I’d like to do it.
A.May B.Can C.Must D.Should
5.(2025·天津和平·三模)—I wonder whether the man sitting there is our head teacher or not.
—It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
6.(2025·天津南开·二模)—Someone is cleaning the classroom. Is it Betty?
—It ________ be Betty. She has left school.
A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t
7.(2025·天津·模拟预测)If someone gives you a suggestion, you ________ think about it before you take it.
A.should B.may C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
8.(2025·天津·模拟预测)— I was told to be here at this time.
—Sorry, you ________. I forgot to tell you we had changed the plan.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.needn’t
9.(2025·天津·模拟预测)—Shall I tell Lingling about the new idea?
—No, you ________. I’ve already told her.
A. wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
10.(2025·天津和平·二模)Flying is the fastest way of travelling, but you ______ have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
二、单词拼写
1.(2025·上海·三模)As an officer at the airport, he has to every traveler’s passport carefully. (exam)
2.(2025·黑龙江·三模)Some wild animals may (appear) forever if we don’t stop hunting them.
3.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Can you the problem in a different way? (solution)
4.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)Come on! We’d better (give) him one more chance since he has little working experience.
5.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)Would you please (drive) slowly? The sign says “40 km per hour”.
三、完形填空
(2025·山东潍坊·中考真题)
In the past, most people worked on their feet and moved their bodies all day, so they had lots of exercise. They also mostly ate 1 foods like fruit, vegetables, fish, and meat. Today, many people 2 in front of a computer all day at work and often eat a lot of sweet foods, or foods that are made in factories. This can be a big 3 to their health.
The disease that causes most deaths in the world today—three in every ten—is heart disease. 4 many of these deaths need not happen, and are caused because people have not exercised or eaten well enough. Not exercising, or eating unhealthy food, can sometimes cause 5 dangerous disease—diabetes (糖尿病). When someone has diabetes, there is too much 6 in their blood. In the last twenty years, more and more people have died 7 diabetes—and almost 10% of the world’s population now has this disease.
Many people are also 8 new health problems that are caused by computers and cell phones. When people stay for too long in front of a computer, they can 9 get problems with their eyes, arms, necks, and backs. And when they use computers and cell phones at night, it is often more difficult for them to 10 . Some scientists also think that cell phones may cause health problems because of a kind of energy which they produce called radiation (辐射).
1.A.fast B.natural C.delicious D.expensive
2.A.sit B.lie C.play D.stand
3.A.risk B.ache C.accident D.disadvantage
4.A.So B.Or C.As D.But
5.A.one B.other C.another D.the other
6.A.water B.sugar C.salt D.waste
7.A.in B.on C.of D.for
8.A.crazy about B.worried about C.excited at D.disappointed at
9.A.hardly B.nearly C.clearly D.easily
10.A.sleep B.wake C.breathe D.escape
四、短文填空
(2025·天津·模拟预测)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin (普通话), some local dialects are in d 1 of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government s 2 the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago.
This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects t 3 are almost gone. It has helped China to build the l 4 language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos.
Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist (语言学家) Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local c 5 Language shows the history and the customs of an area, he said.
Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns (担忧) of the disappearing of dialects. “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but h 6 speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people a 7 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said
So how did China make this big library? A big national effort has been put into the p 8 to make it happen, said Cao Zhiyun, the expert (专家) on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups j 9 in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.
A 10 there is still a long way for Chinese government to protect each dialect, they are working hard on the way.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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专题06 情态动词
目录
01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1
02 思维导图·网络构建 3
03 考点通关·靶向突破 5
★ 考点一 情态动词的用法 3
1. 情态动词can/could的用法 4
2. 情态动词may/might的用法 4
3. 情态动词must的用法 5
4. 情态动词shall/should的用法 5
5. 情态动词will/would的用法 6
6. 情态动词need的用法 6
7. 其他情态动词的用法 6
★考点二 情态动词表推测的用法 10
考点三 情态动词+ have done的用法 12
★考点四 易混情态动词辨析 13
04 优题精选·练能提分...........................................................................................................................................20
情态动词考点
课标要求
复习目标
基本用法
· 掌握 can/could、may/might、must/have to、should/ought to 等核心情态动词的构成和用法。
1.掌握常见情态动词的基本用法;
2. 熟练区分易混情态动词的用法差异。
情态动词表推测
· 掌握情态动词表肯定、否定及不确定推测的用法。
易混情态动词辨析
· 掌握 can 与 may、must 与 have to、need 与 have to、Will与be going to等易混情态动词的区别。
命题预测
情态动词的考点常以单项选择的形式进行考查,
考查的命题点有:情态动词的基本用法、情态动词表推测、易混情态动词辨析等。
解题锦囊
锦囊1:根据句意与语境锁定功能
判断题目空格需要表达“推测”、“请求”、“能力”还是“义务”等。
锦囊2:牢记情态动词的特征
1.无人称和数的变化,have to/be able to除外
2.后接动词原形(不能独立作谓语)
锦囊3:熟记两组“问答公式”
掌握情态动词的否定式、疑问式及回应句式(如 Must...? 的否定回答)。
— Must I …?
— Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
— Need I …?
— Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.
考点一 情态动词的用法
定义:情态动词,本身具有一定的意义,用于表达说话人的情感态度、语气或主观设想。
情态动词不能独立作谓语,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语。如:
My brother can drive. 我弟弟会开车。
My brother can’t drive. 我弟弟不会开车。
Can your brother drive? 你弟弟会开车吗?
Can’t your brother drive? 你弟弟不会开车吗?
情态动词在特殊语境具有特殊含义(如:must“非得,必须”,should“竟然”),
常见情态动词表推测是中考的热点和难点,必须根据具体语境判断使用相应的情态动词。
常见情态动词:
(1)只作情态动词:must;can/could;may/might;ought to
(2)既可作情态动词又可作实义动词:need,dare
(3)既可作情态动词又可作助动词:shall/should;will/would
(4)具有情态动词某些特征:have/had to;had better
1. 情态动词can/could的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
can
(could)
表示“能力”,意思是“能,会”,
否定形式为can’t,couldn’t。
Mike can speak a little Chinese.
I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
表示“征求意见”,“许可,允许”。
用在疑问句中,
could比can的语气更委婉、客气。
Could you tell me something about your school?
Can I have a look at your new pen?
表推测,常用在否定句和疑问句中。
can't表示“不可能”。
He can’t be at home. He has gone to Japan.
be able to do表示“能够做某事”,可以用于各种时态。
He has been able to draw pictures already.
2. 情态动词may/might 的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
may
(might)
用于肯定句中表示“许可”,
用在疑问句中表示“请求”。
May I leave early today?
She asked if she might have my bike.
表推测, might表“推测”时,可能性比may的可能性小,把握把握不大。
He might be busy, but I’m not sure.
She may have forgotten the meeting.
May you+动词原形”表示祝愿,意为“祝你……!”。
May you succeed! 祝你成功! May God bless you! 上帝保佑你!
3. 情态动词must的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
must
must表示“必须”,强调说话人主观态度,
否定式为mustn't,意为“不允许,禁止。
You must finish your homework before dinner.
You mustn't smoke in the library.
表示推测,暗含很大可能性,意为“想必,准是,一定”等,只用于肯定句。
He must be ill. He looks so pale.
表示“偏偏,非要”。
指说话人对发生的事情表示不满。
If you must go out tonight, at least take an umbrella.
1.must的一般疑问句:
肯定回答为Yes, ...must.;否定回答为No, ...needn’t./No, ...don’t have to.
—Must I clean the classroom now?
—Yes, you must. /No, you don’t have to. /No, you needn’t.
2.must和have to的区别:must表示"必须",通常着重于说话者的主观看法。
have to表示客观需要,意为“不得不”,否定式为don’t have to,相当于needn't。
They had to walk home because the bus didn’t come.
4. 情态动词shall/should的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
shall
(should)
shall表示征求对方意见。
用在第一三人称疑问句中
When shall I be at your place?
shall表示说话人的意愿,有“命令,允诺,警告,决心”等意思,
用于第二、第三人称陈述句。
You shall do as I say.
He shall have the book by tomorrow, I promise.
should表示“推测”,常意为“按理说应该”
The train should arrive at 9:30. It’s never late.
should/ought to:两者大多数情况下可以互换。
ought to表示“应该”,没有人称和时态的变化,只有一种形式。
否定形式为ought not to(缩写为oughtn’t to),疑问形式为ought+主语+to+动词原形。如:
You ought to do it now.
—Ought we to go there now?
—Yes, you ought(to). —No, you ought not(to).
5. 情态动词will/would的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
will
(would)
表示意愿,用于各种人称陈述句。
If you will read the book, I'll lend it to you.
表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
These things will happen.
The train will arrive on time.
will表示“请求”,常用于第二人称疑问句中,would比will语气更委婉。
Will you call me when you arrive?
Would you help me with this form?
6. 情态动词need的用法
情态
动词
意义及用法
例句
need
need表示必要性,多用于否定句、疑问句,后接动词原形。
needn't表示“不必”。needn’t have done表示“本没必要做某事但实际上做了”。
She needn’t worry about the exam—she’s well-prepared.
need用作实意动词,接名词、代词、不定式作宾语。
Do they need to book a hotel in advance?
7. 其他情态动词的用法
1.dare用作情态动词,多用于否定句、疑问句。dare用作实意动词,接名不定式作宾语。
She dare not go out alone at night.她晚上不敢独自外出。
Did they dare (to) argue with the teacher?
2.used to+动词原形表示过去的习惯动作或状态,现在不再发生或不存在。疑问式和否定式有两种。
There used to be a building at the street corner, but it has been pulled down.
I used not/didn't use to like opera. 我过去不喜欢歌剧。
3.had better意为“最好”,后面接动词原形,否定式为had better not do。
We had better take an umbrella in case it rains.以防下雨,我们最好带把伞。他们敢和老师争论吗?
【易错提醒】
1. mustn’t 表示 “禁止”; don’t have to 或 needn’t表示“不必” 。
2. could 表请求时比 can 更委婉,回答仍用 can(不用 could),如:Could you help me? — Yes, I can.
3. 表过去的 “必须”,如果是客观要求用 had to,must 无过去式(除表推测外)。
4. had better 后接动词原形,否定式在 better 后加 not,无人称变化(无论主语是第几人称,均用 had better)。
5. shall 表建议仅用于第一人称(I/we),表规定 / 命令用于第二、三人称(如规则、法律条文)。
6. need 有两种用法:作情态动词时,仅用于否定 / 疑问句,后接动词原形;作实义动词时,可用于所有句式,后接 to do。
7. 回答must开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t或don’t have to。如:
—Must I finish my homework before eight o’clock?
—Yes, you must. /—No, you needn’t (No, you don’t have to).
8. 在回答may开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用may,否定回答用mustn’t。如:
—May I watch TV after supper?
—Yes, you may. / No, you mustn’t.
9. 在回答need开头的一般疑问句时,肯定回答用must,否定回答用needn’t。如:
—Need we stay behind after school? —Yes, you must.
—Need he go now? —No, he needn’t.
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津·中考真题)You ________ tell Jim the good news because I’ve told him already.
A.need B.needn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:你不必告诉Jim这个好消息,因为我已经告诉他了。
考查情态动词。need需要;needn’t不必;can能;can’t不能。根据“because I’ve told him already”可知,我已经告诉他这个好消息了,故你应是不需要再做某事,即不必再做这件事。故选B。
2.(2025·北京·中考真题)—Mom, ________ I go to the cinema with my classmates this Sunday afternoon?
—Yes, of course you can.
A.can B.must C.need D.should
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——妈妈,这个星期天下午我能和同学们一起去看电影吗?——是的,你当然可以。
考查情态动词。can可以;must必须;need需要;should应该。根据“of course you can”可知,此处表示请求,应用句式Can I…?。故选A。
3.(2025·四川·中考真题)—________ I have your family name?
—Of course. It’s Smith.
A.May B.Must C.Need
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我可以知道你的姓氏吗?——当然可以。是史密斯。
考查情态动词。May可以;Must必须;Need需要。根据“…I have your family name?”以及答语“Of course.”可知,此处是在礼貌地询问对方是否可以告知其姓氏,因此应使用表示请求或许可的情态动词May。故选A。
4.(2025·四川·中考真题)—I have no time to buy things in the supermarket.
—Don’t worry. You can shop online instead. That way, you _______ waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.
A.needn’t B.mustn’t C.can’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——我没有时间去超市买东西。——别担心。你可以改为网上购物。那样,你就不必浪费很多时间从一个商店到另一个商店。
考查情态动词。needn’t“不必”,强调无必要;mustn’t“禁止”,语气强烈;can’t“不能”,指能力或可能性不足;shouldn’t“不应该”,侧重建议或义务。根据“You can shop online instead. That way, you...waste a lot of time going from shop to shop.”中,网上购物可避免奔波,故此处强调“不必”浪费时间,符合逻辑。故选A。
5.(2025·北京西城·二模)— Sam, you ________ go on watching TV. It’s too late.
— OK, mom.
A.can B.wouldn’t C.must D.shouldn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——山姆,你不能再看电视了。太晚了。——好的,妈妈。
考查动词辨析。can能够;wouldn’t不会;must必须;shouldn’t不应该。根据“It’s too late.”可知,妈妈认为现在太晚了,看电视不合适,带有“不应该”的建议或禁止意味。故选D。
二、单词拼写
6.(2025·四川·中考真题)As children’s first teachers, parents should (encourage) their children to learn how to do chores at home.
【答案】encourage
【详解】句意:作为孩子的第一任老师,父母应该鼓励他们的孩子在家学习如何做家务。空格前为情态动词,空格处应使用动词原形。故填encourage。
7.(2025·甘肃·中考真题)People mustn’t (smoke) in public places.
【答案】smoke
【详解】句意:人们不得在公共场所吸烟。情态动词mustn’t后加动词原形smoke“吸烟”。故填smoke。
8.(2022·江苏南京·中考真题)Touring, studying and living in Nanjing, you may (find) it changing and growing every day.
【答案】find
【详解】句意:在南京旅游、学习和生活,你会发现它每天都在变化和成长。情态动词may后面用动词原形。故填find。
9.(2024·西藏·中考真题)You must clean your room. Could you please (not throw) your books everywhere?
【答案】not throw
【详解】句意:你必须打扫你的房间。你能不能别把书扔得到处都是?could在这里是表示请求的情态动词,后面的动词用原形,结合“You must clean your room.”可知,此处是“请求对方不要乱扔书”,所以加not构成否定形式,Could you please not do sth“请你不要做某事好吗”。故填not throw。
10.(2025·甘肃·一模)I’m afraid that I can’t (pronunciation) the new English words when we learn them.
【答案】pronounce
【详解】句意:学习新英语单词时,我担心自己无法读出这些词的发音。空格前“can’t”为情态动词can和not的缩写,其后接动词原形;因此,这里应用pronunciation对应的动词原形pronounce“发音、读出”。故填pronounce。
考点二 情态动词表推测的用法
推测
类型
常用
情态动词
适用
句式
语气
强度
例句
肯定
推测
must>may
>might>could
肯定句
must(100% 肯定)
>may(70% 可能)
>might/could(50% 可能)
He must be in the office.
(他一定在办公室)
She may be late.(她可能会迟到)
否定
推测
can’t>may not
>might not
否定句
can’t(100% 否定)
>may not(30% 可能不)
>might not(20% 可能不)
It can’t be him.(不可能是他)
They may not come.(他们可能不来)
疑问
推测
can/could
疑问句
can(常用)
>could(委婉)
Can he be at home?(他可能在家吗?)
Could they have missed the bus?
(他们可能错过公交车了吗?)
【易错提醒】
1. 肯定推测不用 can(除理论上的可能性),如:Smoking can cause cancer.(理论可能)
2. must 表推测仅用于肯定句,否定句用 can’t,疑问句用 can。
3. could/might 表推测时,语气比 may 弱,不表示过去,仅表示可能性更低。
4. had better/shall/need 不用于表推测:had better 仅表建议,shall 表建议 / 规定,need 仅表必要。
5. 5.need 作情态动词时,无过去式;作实义动词时,过去式为 needed,如:He needed to finish it yesterday.(实义动词,过去式)。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·吉林长春·中考真题)The water bottle ________ be Mr. Liu’s. The name on the bottle isn’t his.
A.must B.may C.mustn’t D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:这个水壶不可能是刘先生的。水壶上的名字不是他的。
考查情态动词辨析。must必须;may可能;mustn’t禁止;can’t不可能。根据“The name on the bottle isn’t his.”可知水壶不可能是刘先生的,应用can’t。故选D。
2.(2025·江苏南通·中考真题)—Lily, how is Daniel’s plan for our class trip going on?
—I’m not sure. It ________ be completed. I saw him working on it this morning.
A.may not B.shouldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——Lily,Daniel的班级旅行计划进展如何?——我不确定。它可能还没被完成。我今天早上看到他在做。
考查情态动词。may not可能不,表示不确定的推测;shouldn’t不应该,通常用于建议或义务;can’t不可能,用于否定推测;mustn’t禁止。根据“I’m not sure...I saw him working on it this morning.”可知,说话者应是不确定计划是否完成,且看到Daniel早上还在做,因此用“may not”表示推测。故选A。
3.(2025·江苏·模拟预测)How confident Amy looks! She ______ have got everything ready for the singing competition.
A.need B.must C.can D.would
【答案】B
【详解】句意:艾米看起来多么自信啊!她一定已经为歌唱比赛准备好了一切。
考查情态动词辨析。need需要;must必须;can能够;would将会。根据“How confident Amy looks!”的语境可知,表示对过去动作的肯定推测,应使用“must have+过去分词”结构。故选B。
4.(2022·江苏·一模)— Only fifty-one books? There ________ be fifty-three.
— Oh, Mr. Zhang took two away yesterday.
A.should B.must C.can D.may
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——只有51本书?应该有53个。——哦,张先生昨天拿走了两个。
考查情态动词。should应该;must一定;can能;may可能。根据“Only fifty-one books? There …be fifty-three. Oh, Mr. Zhang took two away yesterday.”可推知这里是说“应该有53个”,表示本来应该有的数量,故选A。
5.(2025·江苏南京·模拟预测)With the development of AI technology, people ______ do dangerous jobs because robots can help.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:随着AI技术的发展,人们不必做危险的工作,因为机器人可以帮忙。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据“robots can help”可知,机器人可以帮忙,因此人们“不必”做危险的工作。故选B。
考点三 情态动词+ have done的用法
情态动词+have done
用法
例句
must have done
表对过去事情的肯定推测(一定做了)
He isn’t here. He must have left early.(他不在这,一定早走了)
can’t/couldn’t have done
表对过去事情的否定推测(不可能做了)
She can’t have stolen the money. She’s honest.(她不可能偷钱,她很诚实)
may/might have done
表对过去事情的不确定推测(可能做了)
They might have arrived already.(他们可能已经到了)
should/ought to have done
表过去本应该做而没做(遗憾 / 责备)
You should have studied harder.(你本应该更努力学习)
could have done
表过去本可以做而没做(惋惜)
He could have won the game.(他本可以赢得比赛)
needn’t have done
表过去本不必做却做了(多余)
You needn’t have bought so much food.(你本不必买这么多食物)
had better have done
表过去本最好做而没做(轻微责备,口语中较少用)
You’d better have taken the train. The bus is too slow.(你本最好坐火车,公交车太慢了)
【易错提醒】
1. 结合语境判断是推测还是遗憾。
“have done” 表明动作发生在过去(如 needn’t have done 表 “过去多余的动作”)。
2. 区分语气差异:
must have done 是肯定推测,should have done 是责备,
needn’t have done 是多余,had better have done 是 “过去本应做却没做” 的轻微提醒。
完成句子
1.(2025·广东广州·中考真题)目前,许多老人使用智能手机有困难,需要被给予更多支持。
Now, many old people have trouble in using smartphones. They should more support.
【答案】 be given
【详解】根据中英对照,空处缺少“被给与”,给:give,此处和主语之间是被动关系,故句子用含有情态动词的被动语态should be done。故填be;given。
2.(2025·贵州·一模)油炸食品应该被限制,而水果可以被选作零食。
Fried food should be limited and fruits can as snacks.
【答案】 be chosen
【详解】对比题干可知,这里是含有情态动词can的被动语态,结构是:can be done。choose选择,过去分词是chosen。故填be;chosen。
3.(2025·广东广州·二模)AI 可以被用来生成英语作文。
AI to generate English compositions.
【答案】 can be used
【详解】“可以被……” 对应的结构是 can be done;use“使用”,过去分词为used。故填can;be;used。
考点四 易混情态动词辨析
易混组
核心区别
例句
can
may
(表许可)can 口语化,may 更正式;
can 表请求更直接,may 更礼貌
Can I borrow your book?(口语)
May I enter the room?(正式)
must
have to
must 主观义务(说话人认为必须);
have to 客观要求(外界因素)
I must study hard.(主观意愿)
I have to go now.(有事情要做,客观)
should
had better
should 表常规建议(语气较温和,无暗示);
had better 表强建议(含 “不做可能有不好结果” 的暗示,无人称变化)
You should drink more water.(常规建议)You’d better drink more water, or you’ll get thirsty.(强建议,含风险暗示)
shall
will
shall 表建议(仅 I/we,征求意见)或规定;
will 表意愿(所有人称)或客观事实
Shall we go shopping?(建议,征求意见)
I will help you.(意愿)
need(情态)need(实义)
情态 need:仅否定 / 疑问句,后接动词原形;
实义 need:可用于所有句式,后接 to do,有 s 形式(needs)
Need we go now?(情态,否定 / 疑问)We need to go now.(实义,肯定句)
needn’t
don’t have to
二者均表 “不必”,可互换;
needn’t 是情态动词否定式,
don’t have to 是实义动词否定式
You needn’t wait.
(=You don’t have to wait.)
【易错提醒】
1.主观用 must,客观用 have to;
2.禁止用 mustn’t,不能用 can’t;
3.常规建议 should,强建议 had better(不做有风险),征求意见用 shall(I/we);
4.need 分两种:情态 “不必” needn’t,实义 “需要” to do 跟;
5.不必 needn’t/don’t have to,两者互换没问题。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)—Will you be able to finish the work in time?
—I ________ promise anything, but I’ll do my best.
A.can’t B.shouldn’t C.couldn’t D.mustn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:——你能及时完成这项工作吗?——我不能保证什么,但我会尽力而为。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;shouldn’t不应该;couldn’t不能(通常用于过去时或委婉假设);mustn’t禁止。根据“I...promise anything, but I’ll do my best.”可知,此处表示“无法保证什么,但会尽力而为”,是在对话情境中的直接回应,应用can’t。故选A。
2.(2025·江苏连云港·中考真题)From April 8, pet owners in China ________ bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.
A.must B.should C.can D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:从4月8日起,中国的宠物主人可以带着他们的猫或狗乘坐一些高速列车。
考查情态动词。must必须;should应该;can可以;need需要。根据“bring their cats or dogs on some high-speed trains.”可知是可以带着他们的猫或狗乘坐一些高速列车。故选C。
3.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)For your safety, you ________ wear the seat belt even if you are sitting in the back seat of the car.
A.might B.can C.would D.must
【答案】D
【详解】句意:为了你的安全,即使坐在汽车后座,你也必须系好安全带。
考查情态动词辨析。might可能,表示推测或可能性;can能、会,表示能力或许可;would将会、愿意,表示意愿或过去将来;must必须,表示义务或必要性。根据“For your safety…wear the seat belt”可知,系安全带是保障乘车安全的必要措施,表示一种强制性的义务或强烈的建议,应用must。故选D。
4.(2025·全国·模拟预测)—Can we still see this kind of rare trees in the mountain?
—It is hard to say. There ________ be some on the top of it.
A.will B.must C.may D.need
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我们在山上还能看到这种稀有的树吗?——很难说。山顶上也许有一些。
考查情态动词辨析。will将要;must一定;may也许;need需要。根据“It is hard to say.”可知,很难说,所以山顶上也许有,表示不确定的推测用may。故选C。
5.(2025·甘肃·一模)—Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you ________. I have told him already.
A.mustn’t B.can’t C.needn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——我要不要把这件事告诉约翰?——不用,你不必告诉他。我已经告诉他了。
考查情态动词辨析。mustn’t禁止;can’t不能;needn’t没必要,不必;shouldn’t不应该。根据“I have told him already.”可知,我已经告诉他了,所以此处表示你没必要告诉他。故选C。
一、单项选择
1.(2025·天津南开·三模)—Doctor Wang, must I take the medicine?
—No, you ______. You’ll get well soon.
A.can’t B.mustn’t C.needn’t D.won’t
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——王医生,我必须吃药吗?——不必,你很快就会好起来的。
考查情态动词。can’t不能;mustn’t禁止;needn’t不必;won’t将不。根据“must I...”可知其否定回答用needn’t,表示“不必”。故选C。
2.(2025·北京房山·二模)—Must we bring our own lunch for the field trip, Ms. Brown?
—No, you ________. The school will provide meals.
A.can’t B.needn’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】B
【详解】 句意:——布朗女士,我们必须为实地考察自带午餐吗?——不,你们不必。学校会提供餐食。
考查情态动词辨析。can’t不能,不可能;needn’t不必;mustn’t禁止,绝对不能;shouldn’t不应该。根据“Must we...?”的提问,否定回答需用“needn’t”,符合“学校提供餐食,无需自带”的语境。故选B。
3.(2025·北京海淀·二模)—________ you pass the dictionary to me, please?
—Sure. Here you are.
A.Must B.Need C.Could D.Should
【答案】C
【详解】句意:——能请你把字典递给我吗?—— 当然。给你。
考查情态动词。Must必须;Need 需要;Could能,可以;Should应该。根据语境,这里是在委婉地请求使用对方的字典,征求许可。故选C。
4.(2025·北京·模拟预测)—________ you play the piano at the party, Kitty?
—Sure. I’d like to do it.
A.May B.Can C.Must D.Should
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——凯蒂,你能在派对上弹钢琴吗?——当然,我愿意。
考查情态动词辨析。May也许;Can能够;Must必须;Should应该。根据“Sure. I’d like to do it.”可知,此处表示请求对方“能否弹钢琴”,Can符合语境。故选B。
5.(2025·天津和平·三模)—I wonder whether the man sitting there is our head teacher or not.
—It ________ be him. He has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.
A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我不知道坐在那里的那个人是不是我们的班主任。——不可能是他。他去上海开会了。
考查动词辨析。must必须;mustn’t禁止;can能;can’t不可能。根据“He has gone to Shanghai for a meeting.”可知,此处表示“不可能”是班主任,can’t表示否定推测,故选D。
6.(2025·天津南开·二模)—Someone is cleaning the classroom. Is it Betty?
—It ________ be Betty. She has left school.
A.can B.can’t C.must D.mustn’t
【答案】B
【详解】句意:——有人在打扫教室。是贝蒂吗?——不可能是贝蒂。她已经离开学校了。
考查情态动词。can能够;can’t不可能;must一定;mustn’t禁止。根据“She has left school.”可知,贝蒂已经离开学校了,所以打扫教室的人不可能是她。故选B。
7.(2025·天津·模拟预测)If someone gives you a suggestion, you ________ think about it before you take it.
A.should B.may C.mustn’t D.shouldn’t
【答案】A
【详解】句意:如果有人给你建议,你在采纳之前应该先考虑一下。
考查情态动词。should应该;may也许;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该。根据“If someone gives you a suggestion, you ... think about it before you take it.”可知,是指在采纳他人的建议之前应该先考虑一下。故选A。
8.(2025·天津·模拟预测)— I was told to be here at this time.
—Sorry, you ________. I forgot to tell you we had changed the plan.
A.must B.may C.can’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我被告知要在这个时候到这里。——对不起,你不必。我忘了告诉你我们改变了计划。
考查情态动词。must必须;may可以;can’t不能;needn’t不必。根据“I forgot to tell you we had changed the plan.”可知,因为计划有变,所以告知对方不需要此时到这里。故选D。
9.(2025·天津·模拟预测)—Shall I tell Lingling about the new idea?
—No, you ________. I’ve already told her.
A.wouldn’t B.mustn’t C.shouldn’t D.needn’t
【答案】D
【详解】句意:——我要告诉玲玲这个新想法吗?——不用了,你不必。我已经告诉她了。
考查情态动词的用法。wouldn’t不会;mustn’t禁止;shouldn’t不应该;needn’t不必。根据“I’ve already told her”可知,此处表示“不需要再告诉”,强调没有必要。故选D。
10.(2025·天津和平·二模)Flying is the fastest way of travelling, but you ______ have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather.
A.can B.may C.must D.need
【答案】B
【详解】句意:乘飞机是最快的旅行方式,但是因为坏天气,你可能得在机场等上几个小时。
考查情态动词。can能,可以;may可能,也许;must必须,一定;need需要。根据“have to wait for hours at the airport because of bad weather”可知,此处是指因为坏天气可能不得不在机场等几个小时,应用“may”表示不确定的情况。故选B。
二、单词拼写
1.(2025·上海·三模)As an officer at the airport, he has to every traveler’s passport carefully. (exam)
【答案】examine
【详解】句意:作为一名机场官员,他必须仔细检查每位旅客的护照。根据“has to”可知,此处需填入动词原形,表示“检查”的动作。exam的动词形式为“examine”,意为“检查”。故填examine。
2.(2025·黑龙江·三模)Some wild animals may (appear) forever if we don’t stop hunting them.
【答案】disappear
【详解】句意:如果我们不停止狩猎,一些野生动物可能会永远消失。根据“if we don’t stop hunting them”可知是如果不停止狩猎,一些野生动物可能会消失,disappear“消失”,情态动词may后加动词原形。故填disappear。
3.(2025·上海·模拟预测)Can you the problem in a different way? (solution)
【答案】solve
【详解】句意:你能用另一种方法解决这个问题吗?solution“解决方法,解决方案”,是一个名词。由句子结构可知,划线处缺一个动词,情态动词后跟动词原形。其动词形式是solve,意为“解决”。故填solve。
4.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)Come on! We’d better (give) him one more chance since he has little working experience.
【答案】give
【详解】句意:加油!我们最好再给他一次机会,因为他没什么工作经验。had better do sth“最好做某事”,空处填动词原形。故填give。
5.(2025·江苏无锡·一模)Would you please (drive) slowly? The sign says “40 km per hour”.
【答案】drive
【详解】句意:请你开慢点好吗?牌子上写着“每小时40公里”。根据上文“Would you please”可知,would是情态动词,后面加动词原形。故填drive。
三、完形填空
(2025·山东潍坊·中考真题)
In the past, most people worked on their feet and moved their bodies all day, so they had lots of exercise. They also mostly ate 1 foods like fruit, vegetables, fish, and meat. Today, many people 2 in front of a computer all day at work and often eat a lot of sweet foods, or foods that are made in factories. This can be a big 3 to their health.
The disease that causes most deaths in the world today—three in every ten—is heart disease. 4 many of these deaths need not happen, and are caused because people have not exercised or eaten well enough. Not exercising, or eating unhealthy food, can sometimes cause 5 dangerous disease—diabetes (糖尿病). When someone has diabetes, there is too much 6 in their blood. In the last twenty years, more and more people have died 7 diabetes—and almost 10% of the world’s population now has this disease.
Many people are also 8 new health problems that are caused by computers and cell phones. When people stay for too long in front of a computer, they can 9 get problems with their eyes, arms, necks, and backs. And when they use computers and cell phones at night, it is often more difficult for them to 10 . Some scientists also think that cell phones may cause health problems because of a kind of energy which they produce called radiation (辐射).
1.A.fast B.natural C.delicious D.expensive
2.A.sit B.lie C.play D.stand
3.A.risk B.ache C.accident D.disadvantage
4.A.So B.Or C.As D.But
5.A.one B.other C.another D.the other
6.A.water B.sugar C.salt D.waste
7.A.in B.on C.of D.for
8.A.crazy about B.worried about C.excited at D.disappointed at
9.A.hardly B.nearly C.clearly D.easily
10.A.sleep B.wake C.breathe D.escape
【答案】
1.B 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.B 7.C 8.B 9.D 10.A
【导语】通过对比古今生活方式,分析了现代生活中久坐、饮食不健康和电子设备使用等对健康的危害。
1.句意:他们主要吃水果、蔬菜、鱼和肉等天然食物。
fast 快速的;natural 天然的;delicious 美味的;expensive 昂贵的。根据“In the past”及“like fruit, vegetables, fish, and meat”“eat a lot of sweet foods, or foods that are made in factories”可知,在过去,水果、蔬菜、鱼和肉都是天然的食物,与下文提到的“工厂制造的食物”形成对比,故选B。
2.句意:如今,许多人在工作中一整天都坐在电脑前,而且常常会大量食用甜食或者工厂生产的食品。
sit 坐;lie 躺;play 玩; stand 站。根据“in front of a computer all day at work”可知,整天坐在电脑前工作,故选A。
3.句意:这对他们的健康是个很大的风险。
risk 风险;ache 疼痛;accident 事故;disadvantage 缺点。前文提到了整天坐在电脑前工作,吃不健康的食品,这些对于健康来说都是很大的风险,故选A。
4.句意:但是很多这样的死亡本可以避免。
So 所以;Or 或者;As 因为;But 但是。“many of these deaths need not happen”与前文是转折关系,故选D。
5.句意:不进行锻炼或者食用不健康的食物,有时可能会引发另一种严重的疾病——糖尿病。
one 一个;other 其他的;another 另一个;the other 另一个(两者中)。此处指很多种疾病中的其中一种,表示不确定数量的其中一个用another,故选C。
6.句意:当一个人患有糖尿病时,其血液中的糖分就会过多。
water 水;sugar 糖;salt 盐;waste 废物。根据“When someone has diabetes”可知,糖尿病患者血液中的糖分会过多,故选B。
7.句意:在过去二十年里,死于糖尿病的人数不断增加,目前全球约有 10%的人患有这种疾病。
in 在……里;on在……上面;of……的;for为了。根据“more and more people have died…diabetes”可知,越来越多的人死于糖尿病,die of“死于”,通常指死于某种内部原因,例如疾病,故选C。
8.句意:许多人还对电脑和手机所引发的新健康问题感到担忧。
crazy about 对……疯狂;worried about 担心;excited at对……兴奋;disappointed at 对……失望。根据“new health problems”可知,对健康问题应该感到担忧,故选B。
9.句意:如果人们长时间坐在电脑前,就很容易出现眼睛、手臂、颈部和背部的健康问题。
hardly 几乎不;nearly 几乎;clearly 清楚地;easily 容易地。根据“When people stay for too long in front of a computer, they can …get problems with their eyes, arms, necks, and backs. ”可知,在电脑面前久坐容易出现各种健康问题,故选D。
10.句意:而且当他们在夜间使用电脑和手机时,往往更难以入睡。
sleep 睡觉;wake 醒来;breathe 呼吸;escape 逃脱。根据“when they use computers and cell phones at night, it is often more difficult for them”可知,在夜间使用电脑或手机,很难以入睡,故选A。
四、短文填空
(2025·天津·模拟预测)
根据短文内容及首字母提示,填写所缺单词,使短文意思完整。每空限填一词。
Do you speak a dialect (方言) in daily life? While many Chinese people speak Mandarin (普通话), some local dialects are in d 1 of disappearing. To save them, the Chinese government s 2 the Chinese Language Resources Protection Project (中国语言资源保护工程) a few years ago.
This project looks at how people talk in 1,712 places. Their languages include 103 dialects t 3 are almost gone. It has helped China to build the l 4 language resource library in the world. There’s an online library where people can learn dialects from over 5.6 million audio clips (音频) and over 5 million videos.
Why is it important to protect the dialect culture? According to British linguist (语言学家) Harold Palmer, dialects are a key to store local c 5 Language shows the history and the customs of an area, he said.
Scholar Zhang Hongming talked about his concerns (担忧) of the disappearing of dialects. “For about over 10 years, in the Wu dialect areas such as Shanghai and Suzhou, children aged 6 to 15 can understand but h 6 speak the dialect. Meanwhile, young people a 7 15 years old sometimes speak it, but not very well. If this keeps happening, the dialect might disappear,” he said
So how did China make this big library? A big national effort has been put into the p 8 to make it happen, said Cao Zhiyun, the expert (专家) on the project. Over five years, more than 350 universities and research groups j 9 in, along with over 4,500 experts and more than 6,000 dialect speakers.
A 10 there is still a long way for Chinese government to protect each dialect, they are working hard on the way.
【答案】
1.danger/anger 2.started/tarted 3.that/hat 4.largest/argest 5.culture/ulture 6.hardly/ardly 7.above/bove 8.project/roject 9.joined/oined 10.Although/lthough
【导语】篇主要介绍了在中国一些方言正在濒临消失的现状,强调了方言作为追踪文化与地方历史、风土人情的载体,需要被保护起来的意义,以及中国政府建立“中国语言资源保护工程”的举措等。
1.句意:虽然许多中国人都说普通话,但一些地方方言正面临消失的危险。in danger of“面临……危险”,描述事物处于濒危状态的固定短语,符合语境。故填danger。
2.句意:为了挽救它们,几年前中国政府启动了中国语言资源保护工程。“Chinese Language Resources Protection Project”是“ To save them”发起的举措,start“启动;发起”,结合本句时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填started。
3.句意:它们的语言包含几乎消失的103种方言。设空处引导定语从句,先行词“dialects”为物,所以填写that作引导词。故填that。
4.句意:该项目已经帮助中国建立了世界上最大的语言资源库。根据“5.6 million audio clips and over 5 million videos”及首字母l可知,该资源库规模庞大;large“大的”,结合其前定冠词the及“in the world”的比较范围,所以填写large的最高级。故填largest。
5.句意:英国语言学家Harold Palmer认为方言是传承当地文化的关键。根据“Language shows the history and the customs of an area”可知,方言是文化传承的载体,culture“文化”。故填culture。
6.句意:大约十多年来,在上海、苏州等吴语地区,6到15岁的孩子能听懂方言,但是几乎不会说。根据“but”可知,此处表达“不会说”的否定概念,hardly“几乎不”符合句意,副词。故填hardly。
7.句意:同时,15岁以上的年轻人有时能说方言,但说不好。根据“children aged 6 to 15”可知,本句继续讲述另一个年龄段,即“15岁以上的孩子”,above“超过;以上”,介词。故填above。
8.句意:为了使该项目得以实现,国家已投入了大量努力。根据首字母p可知,此处指前文提到的“Chinese Language Resources Protection Project”,project“工程”,单数形式特指“中国语言资源保护工程”。故填project。
9.句意:五年间,超过350所大学和研究机构参与其中,同时还有4500多名专家和6000多名方言使用者。join in“参与;加入”符合句意,结合“Over five years”可知,本句时态为一般过去时,动词用过去式。故填joined。
10.句意:尽管中国政府保护每种方言的道路仍很漫长,但他们正在这条路上努力前行。“there is still a long way for Chinese government to protect each dialect”与“they are working hard on the way”构成让步关系,although“尽管;虽然”引导让步状语从句,句首首字母大写。故填Although。
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