专题07 动词时态&语态(复习讲义)(天津专用)2026年中考英语一轮复习讲练测

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摘要:

该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦“动词的时态和语态”专题,覆盖中考必考的六大时态(含易混辨析)和被动语态核心考点,通过“考情剖析-思维导图-考点通关-优题精选”系统架构,以表格化梳理时态构成、标志词及用法,结合解题锦囊(标志性状语、语境暗示)和真题训练,帮助学生突破时态辨析与语态转换难点。 亮点在于“易混时态对比”教学策略,如通过表格对比一般过去时与现在完成时的时间状语及侧重点,培养学生思维品质;“分层真题训练”涵盖选择、填空等题型,适配不同学生学习能力。资料助力教师精准把控复习节奏,有效提升学生语言运用能力和应考效率。

内容正文:

专题07 动词的时态和语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 ★ 考点一 动词的时态 5 1.一般现在时 5 2.一般过去时 6 3.一般将来时 8 4.现在进行时 9 5.过去进行时 10 6.现在完成时 11 7.易混时态辨析 12 ★ 考点二 动词语态 15 1.不同时态被动语态的构成 15 2.被动语态的基本句型 16 3.被动语态的用法 17 04 优题精选·练能提分...........................................................................................................................................19 动词时态考点 课标要求 复习目标 一般现在时 · 掌握一般现在时的构成和用法 1. 掌握六大时态的基本知识,牢记其用法及标志词。 2. 熟练运用各种时态:三个一般时、两个进行时和现在完成时。 3. 强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力。 一般过去时‌ · 掌握一般过去时的构成和用法 一般将来时‌ · 掌握一般将来时的构成和用法‌ 现在进行时 · 掌握现在进行时的构成和用法 过去进行时 · 掌握过去进行时的构成和用法 现在完成时 · 掌握现在完成时的构成和用法 易混时态辨析 · 掌握几种易混时态的区别。 命题预测 动词时态的考点常以单项选择、综合填空的形式进行考查, 考查的命题点有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。 解题锦囊 锦囊1:根据“标志性状语” 题干中yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间,so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。 锦囊2:根据“语境暗示” 在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条好方法。 锦囊3:根据“固定句式” 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。 与空格后名词是一-种所属关系。如:a boy's voice,Jimmy's grandmother 1.表示时间距离国家等无生命的词,且空格后是名词。如:China's development 3. 固定搭配或专有名词中,如:with the boy's help,Children's Day 动词语态考点 课标要求 复习目标 不同时态 的被动语态 · 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 1. 掌握被动语态的基本知识和用法。 2. 主动形式表示被动意义。 3. 强化复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。 被动语态的用法‌ · 掌握被动语态的不同用法 主动形式 表示被动含义‌ · 掌握主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ 被动语态 易混易错点 · 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别, · 主动语态变被动语态的易错点等。 命题预测 考查的命题点有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态等。 考查形式以单项选择为主。 解题锦囊 锦囊1:弄清动作的执行者与承受者 做这类题目时,必须弄清动作的执行者与承受者。 锦囊2:有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态 Tom was born in Shanghai in August 2024. 考点一 动词的时态 定义:英语中,不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。初中阶段常考的时态有以下6种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1.一般现在时 (1)谓语动词构成:do/does 如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 其变化规则如下: 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches 以“辅音字母加-y”结尾 的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies (2)标志词 频率副词 always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never on+星期复数 on Mondays,on weekends in +早中晚 in the morning every every day,every year 固定周期 once a week,twice a year (3)用法 用法 例句 1.表示经常性的动作,常与usually,always,often,sometimes,never,every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等,常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. 4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句,表示正在发生的动作/状态 There goes the bell. 2.一般过去时 (1)谓语动词构成:did 其变化规则如下: 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed 以辅音字母加y结尾 的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked (2)标志词 时间点类 标志词 昨天相关 yesterday(昨天)、the day before yesterday(前天)、yesterday evening(昨晚)、last night(昨晚) 刚才相关 just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻前)、three days ago(三天前) 具体过去 时间 last week(上周)、last month(上个月)、last year(去年)、 in 1998(在1998年) 时间段类 标志词 持续性时间 in the past(在过去)、in the past three years(在过去的三年里) 习惯性动作 when I was five(当我五岁时)、at the age of five(五岁时) 其他 一一般性过去 once(曾经)、long ago(很久以前)、the other day(前几天) (3)用法 用法 例句 1.表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。 The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 2.表示在过去一段时间内, 经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3.wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。 4.用于固定句型中。 It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth. 自从做某事已经一段时间了 would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 It is time you went to bed. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 3.一般将来时 (1)谓语动词构成: 1. will/shall+动词原形 2. be going to+动词原形 3. be to+动词原形 4. be about to do sth (2) 标志词 表示明确的时间点 tomorrow(明天) next week/month/year(下周/下个月/明年) in the future(将来) in + 一段时间(在……之后) later(稍后) 表示近期 或不确定的将来 soon(不久) someday/one day(将来某一天) by/before + 时间点(到……之前) (3) 用法 用法 例句 1.1.will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。 We shall leave for Beijing next Monday. I will help you with your homework this evening. 2.be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。表示推测时强调说话有充分依据,尤指天气变化。 What are you going to do tomorrow? Look at those dark clouds—it is going to rain soon. 3.be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 The new library is to open to the public next week. 4.“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。 The train is about to leave. 5.come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等位置转移的动词现在进行时表将来。 The train is coming in five minutes—hurry up! She is returning to her hometown next month. (4) 易混辨析 will 用于条件句时,will表意愿 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. be going to 用于条件句时, be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. 4.现在进行时 (1)谓语动词构成 am is +doing are 现在分词变化规则如下: 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ing try→trying; cry→crying 以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去掉e,加­ing hate→hating;date→dating 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词, 双写辅音字母加­ing regret→regretting;ban→banning (2) 标志词 时间点类标志词 此时此刻 now, currently, look, listen等 时间段类标志词 当前一段时间内 these days , this week等 (3) 用法 用法 例句 1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. She is cooking dinner at the moment. 2.当前一段时间内正在进行,但说话瞬间未必正在进行的动作。这类用法常与表示 “一段持续时间” 的状语连用。 My father is working on a new project this month. 3.leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。 We are meeting our clients at the office tomorrow. 4.频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与现在进行时连用时,通过重复的动作传递强烈的感情色彩,如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。 He is always losing his keys. It’s so annoying! 5.过去进行时 (1)谓语动词构成: were+doing (2) 标志词 标志词 then,at that time,at ten yesterday,at this time yesterday,this morning,the whole morning,all day,from nine to ten last evening,when,while等. (3) 用法 用法 例句 1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,往往有明确时间状语at 7:00 last night。 At 7:00 last night, I was watching a documentary on TV. 2.过去进行时还表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作,伴随有时间状语this morning, yesterday。 While I was studying in my room, my brother was playing video games downstairs. 3. go, come, leave等瞬间动词用于过去进行时表示将要发生动作。 The train was leaving at 6:00 a.m., so we had to hurry. 4.过去进行时与as, when, while等状语从句呼应,表示另一动作发生的背景。 While they were waiting for the bus, it started raining. 5.频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与过去进行时连用时,通过重复的动作传递强烈的感情色彩,如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。 She was always changing her mind. In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 6.现在完成时 (1) 谓语动词构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 动词变过去分词规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played→played ; discuss→discussed→discussed 以不发音的-e结尾的动词 加-d like→ liked→ liked; live →lived→ lived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加-ed stop→stopped→stopped; plan →planned →planned; skip →skipped→ skipped; occur→ occurred →occurred; (2) 标志词 高频标志词 already(已经)多用于肯定句,表示某事在预期之前已完成。 yet(尚,还) 用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中表示“已经”,在否定句中表示“还(没)”。 just(刚刚)表示动作刚刚完成。 before(以前) ever(曾经) 用于疑问句,询问“是否有过某种经历”。 never(从未)用于否定句,表示“从未有过某种经历”。 表示“一段时间” 的标志词 for + 一段时间;表示动作或状态持续了“多久”,强调时间段。 since + 过去的时间点;表示动作或状态从“过去某个具体时刻”开始,一直持续到现在,强调起点。 (for) a long time / ages / years 等;表示一段很长的时间。 表示“从过去到目前” 的时间状语 recently / lately(最近);表示从不久前的过去持续到现在的一段时间。 so far / up to now(到目前为止);强调从过去某个时间点到现在为止的总结。 (3)用法 用法 例句 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have known him since we were children. So far, they have won three games. 2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 ①for + 时间段 译为:……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 3. 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 4.现在完成时的特殊句式 1.“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time+that从句”中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 2.It is/has been+时间段+since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。 7.易混时态辨析 一般现在时 现在进行时 概念 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示主语具备的性格和能力,或陈述客观真理 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作 构成 ①主语+be+其他 ②主语+实义动词+其他 ③主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他 主语+be (am,is,are)+v.-ing+其他 时间状语或标志词 always,usually,often,sometimes, every day/week/ month/ year..,on Sunday, in the morning等 now,right now,at the moment, today,these days,look,listen, It’s...o’clock.等 表示情感、意识(如want,like,know等)以及表示“有”的have等动词,一般不用于现在进行时,但可用于一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时 侧重点不同 一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即侧重于动作发生的时间。 现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响; 即侧重于现在的结果。 时间状语不同 一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用。 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去。 【易错提醒】 1. 表示客观真理时,宾语从句不受主句的限制,用一般现在时。 2. “be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 3. 有些动词不用于进行时态,常见的有: 感觉类:look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear等 情感类:like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。 4. 注意避免思维定式:一看到for+时间段,就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 5. 非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段,since+时间点或how long等状语连用,要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。 [误]I have bought the car for a year. [正]I have kept the car for a year. 一、单项选择 1.(2025·北京·中考真题)Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A.visits B.was visiting C.will visit D.has visited 【答案】A 【详解】句意:查理每个周末都会去看望他的祖父母。他非常爱他们。 考查动词时态。根据“every weekend”可知,此处描述经常性的动作,应为一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词用其单三形式。故选A。 2.(2025·北京·中考真题)—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A.water B.have watered C.watered D.are going to water 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——彼得,你昨天放学后和朋友们打乒乓球了吗?——不,我没有。我们在学校花园里浇了蔬菜。 考查动词时态。根据“after school yesterday”可知,此处描述过去发生的事情,应为一般过去时,谓语动词用其过去式。故选C。 3.(2025·北京·中考真题)— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A. where we are going B.where we went C.where are we going D.where did we go 【答案】A 【详解】句意:——琳达,你知道这学期我们学校旅行要去哪里吗?——是的。我们要去首都博物馆。 考查宾语从句。根据“do you know...for the school trip this term”可知,空处填入的是宾语从句,用陈述句序,因此排除选项C和D(均为疑问语序);结合回答“We are going to the Capital Museum.”可知,此时宾语从句用一般将来时,排除选项B(为一般过去时)。故选A。 4.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——机器人正在互相竞赛冲向终点线。——太令人兴奋了!我们的机器人要赢了。 考查时态。根据“Our robot is going to win.”可知,比赛正在进行中,用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选D。 5.(2025·北京·中考真题)Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A.are coming B.have come C.came D.will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意:自去年以来,许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知,句子时态是现在完成时,结构是have/has done。故选B。 6.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A.visit B.visited C.will visit D.are visiting 【答案】C 【详解】句意:——你明天要做什么?——我要去参观博物馆来了解当地的历史。 考查动词时态辨析。根据问句中的时间状语“tomorrow”可知,答句应使用一般将来时,故选C。 二、单词拼写 7.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Simon and I (work) on a history project now. 【答案】are working 【详解】句意:西蒙和我现在正在做一个历史项目。根据“now”可知,此句用现在进行时be+doing,and连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词用复数,此处be动词用are,后跟动词现在分词。故填are working。 8.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Here is the information we got from him. The city (have) a short history. 【答案】has 【详解】句意:我们从他那里得到的信息是,这座城市有一段短暂的历史。根据“a short history”可知,此处表示“有”一段短暂的历史,have表示“有”,结合句子是一般现在时态及句子主语“The city”是第三人称单数可知,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。故填has。 考点二 动词语态 定义:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。(主动语态) The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。(被动语态) 1.不同时态被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般 现在时 am/ is/ are + done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year. 每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般 过去时 was/ were + done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 一般 将来时 will/ shall+ be+ done We will take new measures to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 New measures will be taken to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 现在 进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done Our school is holding a sports meeting. 我们学校正在举办运动会。 A sports meeting is being held in our school.我们学校正在举办运动会。 动会。 过去 进行时 was/ were+ being done My parents was discussing the report on health at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 The report on health was being discussed by my parents at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 现在 完成时 have/ has+ been+ done They have published the results of their experiments.他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 The results of their experiments have been published. 他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 2.被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 3.被动语态的用法 用法 例句 1.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers. 2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night. 3.固定句式中常用被动语态, 如It is said that…(据说…), It is/was reported that…(据报道), It is well-known that…(众所周知…) It is said that she is 109 years old. 【易错提醒】 1. 成双成对的名词如socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等一般不用具体数词修饰,但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves. 2. 不可数名词表示一定的数量时,可借助可数名词,用“a+可数名词+of+不可数名词”结构。表示复数意义时,把可数名词变为复数形式。He needs two pieces of paper. 他需要两张纸。 一、单项选择 1.(2025·北京·中考真题)Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如今,越来越多的人在使用语言学习应用程序。 考查动词时态及被动语态。根据“these days”可知,时态是一般现在时。结合“by”可知,此处是被动语态,应用程序被人们使用。故选C。 2.(2025·天津·中考真题)Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A.speaks B.spoke C.is spoken D.will speak 【答案】C 【详解】句意:如今,越来越多的外国人士开始学习并使用汉语。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者,时态是一般现在时,所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。 3.(2025·江西·中考真题)—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A.shows B.has shown C.is shown D.was shown 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——我听说景德镇瓷器上个月在巴黎展出。——哇!好消息。 考查动词时态和语态。根据“last month”可知,动作发生在过去,且主语“Jingdezhen Porcelain”与动词之间是被动关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选D。 4.(2024·天津·中考真题)Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A.names B.named C.was named D.has named 【答案】C 【详解】句意:老舍写了很多戏剧,被评为“人民艺术家”。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知,此处指老舍被称为“人民艺术家”,主语he和谓语name之间是被动关系,应为被动语态,结构是be done。故选C。 5.(2025·云南·中考真题)The 12th World Games ________ in Chengdu in August, 2025. A.holds B.held C.is held D.will be held 【答案】D 【详解】句意:第十二届世界运动会将于2025年在成都举办。 考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语是The 12th World Games,运动会是被举办的,所以要用被动语态,其结构是“be+过去分词”。句中的时间是2025年八月,时态是一般将来时,will be held是一般将来时的被动语态。故选D。 6.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)AI robots ________ in Anhui’s factories since 2023 to improve production efficiency. A.use B.used C.have used D.have been used 【答案】D 【详解】句意:自2023年以来,人工智能机器人已被用于安徽的工厂,以提高生产效率。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。根据since 2023可知,空处应用现在完成时;主语AI robots和动词use之间是被动关系,所以空处应用现在完成时的被动语态。故选D。 一、单项选择 1.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases. A.rises B.rose C.is rising D.has risen 【答案】A 【详解】句意:谷雨期间,气温通常会大幅回升,降雨量也会增加。 考查时态。根据“During Guyu, the temperature usually...a lot and rain increases.”可知,句子叙述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,主语“the temperature”是第三人称单数,谓语动词用三单形式。故选A。 2.(2024·北京·中考真题)A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year. A.travel B.traveled C.will travel D.have traveled 【答案】A 【详解】句意:中国每年有很多人乘坐高铁出行。 考查动词的时态。根据时间状语“every year”可知,本句应用一般现在时。故选A。 3.(2025·天津·中考真题)The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A.rang B.rings C.is ringing D.is going to ring 【答案】A 【详解】句意:我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时,手机响了。 考查动词的时态。根据“when I was making a cake with my mother”可知,此处强调正在做某事时突然发生另一件事,即我和妈妈正在做蛋糕时,手机响了,此处主句动作“响”表示过去某一时刻发生的短暂动作,故应用一般过去时rang。故选A。 4.(2024·北京·中考真题)—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A.go B.went C.will go D.was going 【答案】B 【详解】句意:——蒂娜,你上周六做了什么?——我去了养老院,在那里做志愿者。 考查动词的时态。根据“last Saturday”可知,句子使用一般过去时,动词用过去式,故选B。 5.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A.are B.were C.have been D.will be 【答案】D 【详解】句意:哦,保罗,你长得真快!很快你就会比你爸爸高了。 考查将来时态。根据时间标志词“Soon(很快)”可知,此处表示将来会发生的事情,需用一般将来时(will do)。故选D。 6.(2024·天津·中考真题)— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A.had B.have had C.were having D.are going to have 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——这个星期天,简和我打算去野餐。你愿意和我们一起去吗?——当然。到时见。 考查动词时态。根据“this Sunday”可知,这个星期天要去野餐,事情发生在将来,时态是一般将来时,结构是will do或be doing to do。故选D。 7.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——机器人正在互相竞赛冲向终点线。——太令人兴奋了!我们的机器人要赢了。 考查时态。根据“Our robot is going to win.”可知,说明比赛正在进行中,用现在进行时“am/is/are doing”。故选D。 8.(2025·天津河东·二模)When I saw Betty yesterday, she ______ an old woman cross the road. A.helps B.will help C.was helping D.have helped 【答案】C 【详解】句意:昨天我看到贝蒂时,她正在帮助一位老妇人过马路。    考查动词时态。helps一般现在时;will help一般将来时;was helping过去进行时;have helped现在完成时。 根据“when I saw Betty yesterday”可知,句子描述的是过去某个具体时刻正在进行的动作,需用过去进行时,故选C。 9.(2025·北京·中考真题)Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A.draws B.was drawing C.is drawing D.will draw 【答案】B 【详解】句意:昨天晚上,当她的爸爸回家时,玛丽正在画画。 考查动词时态。本句是含when引导的时间状语从句的复合句,从句动作发生时,主句动作正在进行,从句是一般过去时,主句应为过去进行时,结构是was/were doing,主语是第三人称单数,be动词用was。选B。 10.(2025·北京·中考真题)Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A.are coming B.have come C.came D.will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意:自去年以来,许多国际学生来参观我们学校。 考查动词时态。根据“since last year”可知,句子时态是现在完成时,结构是have/has done。故选B。 11.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A.become B.became C.has become D.is becoming 【答案】C 【详解】句意:大多数人都认为到目前为止,智能技术已经成为社会的重要组成部分。 考查时态。根据“so far”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done。故选C。 12.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted 【答案】B 【详解】句意:当你感觉到冷空气从窗户透进来时,能量就被浪费了。 考查一般现在时的被动语态。根据“When you feel...”可知,句子是一般现在时,且主语“energy”和动词waste之间是被动关系,应用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”,故选B。 13.(2024·河北·中考真题)Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A.reads B.read C.is read D.was read 【答案】D 【详解】句意:当艾玛的作品在课堂上被当作模范朗读时,她很兴奋。 考查一般过去时的被动语态。本句主语是动作的承受者,结合“Emma got excited”可知,动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态were/was done。故选D。 14.(2025·西藏·中考真题)More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A.bring B.brought C.be brought D.brings 【答案】C 【详解】句意:越来越多的新技术将被科学家引入我们的生活中。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语More and more new technologies和动词bring之间是被动关系,故此处用一般将来时的被动语态will be done。故选C。 15.(2025·江苏扬州·二模)— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A.has built B.were built C.will be built D.has been built 【答案】D 【详解】句意:——据说爱奇艺乐园自2025年3月起已在扬州开建。——真的吗?它将成为我们家乡的新热门景点。 考查现在完成时被动语态。根据“since March, 2025”可知,句子用现在完成时,iQIYI Land与build之间是被动关系,用被动语态。故选D。 二、完形填空 (2025·广东·中考真题) 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 In a narrow hutong in Beijing lies a small library. It is only seven square meters in size, but thousands of books are 1 in it. Unlike traditional libraries, this one doesn’t require its readers to 2 the books. Instead, it encourages them to pass those books on to someone else when they’ve finished reading. This library was 3 by Mr. Xu, a businessman, in 2010. The idea took shape when Xu recommended books online to students, but found it 4 for them to get the books from their school libraries. So, Xu bought and 5 nearly 1,000 books in the following year. The students who received the books were very thankful. Their thank-you letters got Xu to turn his book-gifting effort into a physical space. Xu’s library might be the smallest in the world, but in another sense, it’s also the biggest because its books keep 6 . Once, a reader took home an English book on Chinese history. A week later, he passed it on to a neighbor. 7 , the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany. “The 8 of the book is a wonder. Many wonders like this keep the culture of reading alive,” Xu tells the newspaper. Xu says he will continue this work although the library is now faced with the 9 of e-books. “This is the most 10 thing I’ve done in my life,” he says. “I hope that the library can stay open forever.” 1.A.kept B.written C.printed D.punished 2.A.return B.copy C.lend D.buy 3.A.locked B.started C.hidden D.guarded 4.A.hard B.harmful C.possible D.interesting 5.A.dug up B.picked up C.gave away D.threw away 6.A.burning B.moving C.falling D.shaking 7.A.Clearly B.Hopefully C.Generally D.Amazingly 8.A.history B.language C.journey D.background 9.A.death B.truth C.mistake D.challenge 10.A.silly B.scary C.common D.meaningful 【答案】 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.A 5.C 6.B 7.D 8.C 9.D 10.D 【导语】本文主要介绍了一位商人徐先生在北京创建了一个小型图书馆,这个图书馆虽小,但鼓励读者在看完书后将书传递给其他人,形成了一种独特的文化传播方式。 1.句意:它只有七平方米大,但里面却保存着数千本书。 kept保存;written写;printed打印;punished惩罚。根据“but thousands of books are...in it”可知,此处指图书馆保存着数千本书。故选A。 2.句意:与传统图书馆不同,这个图书馆不要求读者还书。 return归还;copy复制;lend借出;buy买。根据“Instead, it encourages them to pass those books on to someone else when they’ve finished reading.”可知,这个图书馆鼓励读者将看完的书传递给其他人,而不是要求读者还书。故选A。 3.句意:这个图书馆是由商人徐先生在2010年创办的。 locked锁;started开始,创办;hidden隐藏;guarded守卫。根据“The idea took shape when Xu recommended books online to students...”可知,此处指图书馆是由徐先生创办的。故选B。 4.句意:这个想法是在徐先生在网上向学生推荐书籍,但发现他们很难从学校图书馆借到这些书时形成的。 hard困难的;harmful有害的;possible可能的;interesting有趣的。根据“So, Xu bought and...nearly 1,000 books in the following year.”可知,徐先生发现学生很难从学校图书馆借到这些书,所以他自己买了书。故选A。 5.句意:因此,徐先生在接下来的一年里购买并赠送了近1000本书。 dug up挖出;picked up捡起;gave away赠送;threw away扔掉。根据“The students who received the books were very thankful.”可知,徐先生将书赠送给了学生。故选C。 6.句意:徐先生的图书馆可能是世界上最小的,但从另一个意义上说,它也是最大的,因为它的书一直在流动。 burning燃烧;moving移动,流动;falling落下;shaking摇晃。根据“Once, a reader took home an English book on Chinese history. A week later, he passed it on to a neighbor...the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany.”可知,徐先生的图书馆的书一直在流动,被传递给不同的人。故选B。 7.句意:令人惊讶的是,这本书一路传到了国外,最后到了德国。 Clearly清楚地;Hopefully有希望地;Generally一般地;Amazingly令人惊讶地。根据“the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany”可知,这本书一路传到了国外,最后到了德国,这是令人惊讶的。选D。 8.句意:“这本书的旅程是一个奇迹。许多这样的奇迹让阅读文化得以延续,”徐先生告诉记者。 history历史;language语言;journey旅程;background背景。根据“Once, a reader took home an English book on Chinese history. A week later, he passed it on to a neighbor...the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany.”可知,此处指这本书的旅程是一个奇迹。故选C。 9.句意:徐先生说,尽管图书馆现在面临着电子书的挑战,但他将继续这项工作。 death死亡;truth真相;mistake错误;challenge挑战。根据“Xu says he will continue this work although the library is now faced with the...of e-books.”可知,此处指图书馆现在面临着电子书的挑战。故选D。 10.句意:“这是我一生中做过的最有意义的事情,”他说。 silly愚蠢的;scary可怕的;common普通的;meaningful有意义的。根据“I hope that the library can stay open forever.”可知,徐先生认为他创办图书馆是一件有意义的事情。故选D。 三、任务型阅读 (2025·天津·中考真题) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。 Football is liked by lots of people in many parts of the world. Children in Europe, Asia, and South America spend much time playing football. They attend important football matches. This sport is a source (来源) of national pride for many of them. Why is football so popular? One of the reasons is its simple rules. Both players and spectators (观众) can easily understand the rules. Also, you only need a ball and a field to play football. They can be found almost anywhere. Even in poor countries, people can find some kind of football and the space to play. What’s more, football brings people together. People can make friends when they are playing football. Even though a ball is all you really need, balls have changed over the years. Early footballs in ancient China were made of leather (皮革) with hair in them. A rubber (橡胶) ball was invented in 1855. It was similar to the kind which we use today. 1.Children in Europe, Asia, and South America spend much time . 2.It’s easy for both players and spectators to understand . 3.Even in poor countries, people can find some kind of football and to play. 4.People can when they are playing football. 5.Early footballs in ancient China leather with hair in them. 【答案】1.playing football 2.the rules 3.the space 4.make friends 5.were made of 【导语】本文介绍了足球是一项让全世界喜欢的运动。 1.根据“Children in Europe, Asia, and South America spend much time playing football.”可知欧洲、亚洲、南美的孩子们都花很多时间踢足球。故填playing football。 2.根据“Both players and spectators can easily understand the rules.”可知队员和观众都比较容易弄懂规则。故填the rules。 3.根据“Even in poor countries, people can find some kind of football and the space to play.”可知即使在贫穷的国家,也有地方踢足球。故填the space。 4.根据“People can make friends when they are playing football.”可知人们踢球的时候可以交朋友。故填make friends。 5.根据“Early footballs in ancient China were made of leather with hair in them.”可知中国古代的足球是由带毛皮革做成的。故填were made of。 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题07 动词的时态和语态 目录 01 考情剖析·命题前瞻 1 02 思维导图·网络构建 3 03 考点通关·靶向突破 5 ★ 考点一 动词的时态 5 1.一般现在时 5 2.一般过去时 6 3.一般将来时 8 4.现在进行时 9 5.过去进行时 10 6.现在完成时 10 7.易混时态辨析 12 ★ 考点二 动词语态 14 1.不同时态被动语态的构成 14 2.被动语态的基本句型 15 3.被动语态的用法 15 04 优题精选·练能提分...........................................................................................................................................16 动词时态考点 课标要求 复习目标 一般现在时 · 掌握一般现在时的构成和用法 1. 掌握六大时态的基本知识,牢记其用法及标志词。 2. 熟练运用各种时态:三个一般时、两个进行时和现在完成时。 3. 强化在复杂语境中辨别时态的能力。 一般过去时‌ · 掌握一般过去时的构成和用法 一般将来时‌ · 掌握一般将来时的构成和用法‌ 现在进行时 · 掌握现在进行时的构成和用法 过去进行时 · 掌握过去进行时的构成和用法 现在完成时 · 掌握现在完成时的构成和用法 易混时态辨析 · 掌握几种易混时态的区别。 命题预测 动词时态的考点常以单项选择、综合填空的形式进行考查, 考查的命题点有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时等。 解题锦囊 锦囊1:根据“标志性状语” 题干中yesterday, tomorrow, always, since, in the past few years, over the years, by+时间,so far等都是动词时态常用的标志性状语,可以通过寻找这些标志性状语来判定时态。 锦囊2:根据“语境暗示” 在时间状语和其他参照物都不明显的情况下,通过“语境暗示”,正确分析语境也是解决时态问题的一条好方法。 锦囊3:根据“固定句式” 掌握常用句式也是解决时态问题的快速且行之有效的方法。 与空格后名词是一-种所属关系。如:a boy's voice,Jimmy's grandmother 1.表示时间距离国家等无生命的词,且空格后是名词。如:China's development 3. 固定搭配或专有名词中,如:with the boy's help,Children's Day 动词语态考点 课标要求 复习目标 不同时态 的被动语态 · 掌握不同时态的被动语态的基本知识 1. 掌握被动语态的基本知识和用法。 2. 主动形式表示被动意义。 3. 强化复杂语境中辨别语态的能力。 被动语态的用法‌ · 掌握被动语态的不同用法 主动形式 表示被动含义‌ · 掌握主动形式表示被动含义的动词‌ 被动语态 易混易错点 · 掌握系表结构与被动语态的区别, · 主动语态变被动语态的易错点等。 命题预测 考查的命题点有:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态等。 考查形式以单项选择为主。 解题锦囊 锦囊1:弄清动作的执行者与承受者 做这类题目时,必须弄清动作的执行者与承受者。 锦囊2:有些动词习惯上只用于被动语态 Tom was born in Shanghai in August 2024. 考点一 动词的时态 定义:英语中,不同时间和方式发生的动作或状态要用谓语动词的不同形式来表示,这种表示动作或状态发生时间和方式的动词形式称作动词时态。初中阶段常考的时态有以下6种:一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时。 1.一般现在时 (1)谓语动词构成:do/does 如果主语为第三人称单数,则一般在动词原形后加-s或-es。 其变化规则如下: 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-s eat→eats; rise→rises 以-s、-x、-ch、-sh、-o、-z结尾的动词 加-es discuss→discusses;teach→teaches 以“辅音字母加-y”结尾 的动词 变-y为-ies carry→carries; fly→flies (2)标志词 频率副词 always,usually,often,sometimes,seldom,never on+星期复数 on Mondays,on weekends in +早中晚 in the morning every every day,every year 固定周期 once a week,twice a year (3)用法 用法 例句 1.表示经常性的动作,常与usually,always,often,sometimes,never,every day等表示频度的时间状语连用。 On Monday morning it usually takes me an hour to drive to work. 2.表示客观真理、格言或者警句等。 As we all know, the earth travels around the sun. 3.表示按规定、时间表、计划或安排要发生的动作。动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return, live, fly等,常用一般现在时表示将来发生的动作。 My dream school starts at 8:30 am and ends at 3:30 pm. 4.在时间、条件等状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。 If you come this afternoon, we'll have a meeting. 5.以here/there开头引导的倒装句,表示正在发生的动作/状态 There goes the bell. 2.一般过去时 (1)谓语动词构成:did 其变化规则如下: 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played; discuss→discussed 以辅音字母加y结尾 的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以一个辅音字母结尾的重度闭音节动词 双写辅音字母加-ed plan→ planned; refer→ referred 以不发音的e结尾的动词 直接加-d provide→ provided; like→liked (2)标志词 时间点类 标志词 昨天相关 yesterday(昨天)、the day before yesterday(前天)、yesterday evening(昨晚)、last night(昨晚) 刚才相关 just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻前)、three days ago(三天前) 具体过去 时间 last week(上周)、last month(上个月)、last year(去年)、 in 1998(在1998年) 时间段类 标志词 持续性时间 in the past(在过去)、in the past three years(在过去的三年里) 习惯性动作 when I was five(当我五岁时)、at the age of five(五岁时) 其他 一一般性过去 once(曾经)、long ago(很久以前)、the other day(前几天) (3)用法 用法 例句 1.表示在过去发生的一次性动作或习惯性动作或存在的状态,常用yesterday,last year,in 1995,the other day等作时间状语。 The other day I came across an old friend on the top of Mount Tai. 2.表示在过去一段时间内, 经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 3.wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。 I thought you might have some. 我原以为你会有一些的。 4.用于固定句型中。 It is/has been+一段时间+since...did sth. 自从做某事已经一段时间了 would/had rather sb. did sth.宁愿某人做某事 It is time you went to bed. I’d rather you came tomorrow. 3.一般将来时 (1)谓语动词构成: 1. will/shall+动词原形 2. be going to+动词原形 3. be to+动词原形 4. be about to do sth (2) 标志词 表示明确的时间点 tomorrow(明天) next week/month/year(下周/下个月/明年) in the future(将来) in + 一段时间(在……之后) later(稍后) 表示近期 或不确定的将来 soon(不久) someday/one day(将来某一天) by/before + 时间点(到……之前) (3) 用法 用法 例句 1.1.will/shall do表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态,是最常见的一般将来时表达形式。 We shall leave for Beijing next Monday. I will help you with your homework this evening. 2.be going to do sth.表示计划、打算要做某事或者有预兆要发生某事。表示推测时强调说话有充分依据,尤指天气变化。 What are you going to do tomorrow? Look at those dark clouds—it is going to rain soon. 3.be to do sth.表示按计划或安排即将要做某事,或者按照职责、义务、规定等要做某事。 The new library is to open to the public next week. 4.“be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。 The train is about to leave. 5.come, go, leave, start, move, arrive等位置转移的动词现在进行时表将来。 The train is coming in five minutes—hurry up! She is returning to her hometown next month. (4) 易混辨析 will 用于条件句时,will表意愿 The best exercise is one that you enjoy and will do. be going to 用于条件句时, be going to表将来 If you are going to make a journey, you’d better get ready for it as soon as possible. 4.现在进行时 (1)谓语动词构成 am is +doing are 现在分词变化规则如下: 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ing try→trying; cry→crying 以不发音的e结尾的动词, 去掉e,加­ing hate→hating;date→dating 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词, 双写辅音字母加­ing regret→regretting;ban→banning (2) 标志词 时间点类标志词 此时此刻 now, currently, look, listen等 时间段类标志词 当前一段时间内 these days , this week等 (3) 用法 用法 例句 1.表示现在(指说话人说话时)正在发生的事情。 We are waiting for you. She is cooking dinner at the moment. 2.当前一段时间内正在进行,但说话瞬间未必正在进行的动作。这类用法常与表示 “一段持续时间” 的状语连用。 My father is working on a new project this month. 3.leave, take, run等瞬间动词的现在进行时可表示将来发生的动作。 We are meeting our clients at the office tomorrow. 4.频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与现在进行时连用时,通过重复的动作传递强烈的感情色彩,如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。 He is always losing his keys. It’s so annoying! 5.过去进行时 (1)谓语动词构成: were+doing (2) 标志词 标志词 then,at that time,at ten yesterday,at this time yesterday,this morning,the whole morning,all day,from nine to ten last evening,when,while等. (3) 用法 用法 例句 1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,往往有明确时间状语at 7:00 last night。 At 7:00 last night, I was watching a documentary on TV. 2.过去进行时还表示过去一段时间内频繁发生或一直进行的动作,伴随有时间状语this morning, yesterday。 While I was studying in my room, my brother was playing video games downstairs. 3. go, come, leave等瞬间动词用于过去进行时表示将要发生动作。 The train was leaving at 6:00 a.m., so we had to hurry. 4.过去进行时与as, when, while等状语从句呼应,表示另一动作发生的背景。 While they were waiting for the bus, it started raining. 5.频度副词如 always, forever, continually, constantly 与过去进行时连用时,通过重复的动作传递强烈的感情色彩,如赞扬、喜爱、抱怨、不满、不耐烦等。 She was always changing her mind. In the past he was constantly asking me for money. 6.现在完成时 (1) 谓语动词构成:主语+have/has+动词的过去分词 动词变过去分词规则 情况 构成方法 例词 一般情况 加-ed play→ played→played ; discuss→discussed→discussed 以不发音的-e结尾的动词 加-d like→ liked→ liked; live →lived→ lived 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词 变y为-ied carry→carried; try→tried 以重读闭音节结尾,且词尾只有一个辅音字母 双写词尾辅音字母, 再加-ed stop→stopped→stopped; plan →planned →planned; skip →skipped→ skipped; occur→ occurred →occurred; (2) 标志词 高频标志词 already(已经)多用于肯定句,表示某事在预期之前已完成。 yet(尚,还) 用于疑问句和否定句,在疑问句中表示“已经”,在否定句中表示“还(没)”。 just(刚刚)表示动作刚刚完成。 before(以前) ever(曾经) 用于疑问句,询问“是否有过某种经历”。 never(从未)用于否定句,表示“从未有过某种经历”。 表示“一段时间” 的标志词 for + 一段时间;表示动作或状态持续了“多久”,强调时间段。 since + 过去的时间点;表示动作或状态从“过去某个具体时刻”开始,一直持续到现在,强调起点。 (for) a long time / ages / years 等;表示一段很长的时间。 表示“从过去到目前” 的时间状语 recently / lately(最近);表示从不久前的过去持续到现在的一段时间。 so far / up to now(到目前为止);强调从过去某个时间点到现在为止的总结。 (3)用法 用法 例句 1.现在完成时表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 I have known him since we were children. So far, they have won three games. 2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的、持续到现在的动作(用行为动词表示)或状态(be动词表示),常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子)连用,谓语动词必须是延续性动词。 ①for + 时间段 译为:……时间 ②since + 过去一个时间点(译为:自从……以来) ③since + 时间段 + ago ④since + 从句(过去时) ⑤It is + 时间段 + since + 从句(过去时) 3. 现在完成时还可以用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。 Please return the book to me when you have finished it. 4.现在完成时的特殊句式 1.“It/This is/will be the first/second/third ... time+that从句”中,从句中的谓语动词用现在完成时。 2.It is/has been+时间段+since...表示“自从……以来已经……”。 7.易混时态辨析 一般现在时 现在进行时 概念 表示经常性或习惯性的动作或存在的状态,也表示主语具备的性格和能力,或陈述客观真理 表示现在或现阶段正在进行或发生的动作 构成 ①主语+be+其他 ②主语+实义动词+其他 ③主语+情态动词+动词原形+其他 主语+be (am,is,are)+v.-ing+其他 时间状语或标志词 always,usually,often,sometimes, every day/week/ month/ year..,on Sunday, in the morning等 now,right now,at the moment, today,these days,look,listen, It’s...o’clock.等 表示情感、意识(如want,like,know等)以及表示“有”的have等动词,一般不用于现在进行时,但可用于一般现在时 一般过去时 现在完成时 侧重点不同 一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间,即侧重于动作发生的时间。 现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响; 即侧重于现在的结果。 时间状语不同 一般过去时则常与"时间段+ago",just now,yesterday,last week等表示过去的时间状语连用。 现在完成时常与already,yet,just,ever,never,before等副词以及"for+段时间","since+过去时间/从句"等时间状语连用。 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去。 【易错提醒】 1. 表示客观真理时,宾语从句不受主句的限制,用一般现在时。 2. “be about to+动词原形”表示打算或据安排即将发生的动作。它不与表示时间的副词或其他时间状语连用。 3. 有些动词不用于进行时态,常见的有: 感觉类:look, feel, smell, sound, taste, hear等 情感类:like ,love, prefer, admire, hate, fear, adore等。 4. 注意避免思维定式:一看到for+时间段,就用动词的现在完成时态。一定要看语境强调是“该动作曾经做过多长时间”(一般过去时),还是“该动作已经做完多长时间”(现在完成时)。 5. 非延续性动词leave, arrive, come, go, return, join, die, buy, borrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for引出的时间段,since+时间点或how long等状语连用,要转化为相应的延续性动词才能与一段时间连用。 [误]I have bought the car for a year. [正]I have kept the car for a year. 一、单项选择 1.(2025·北京·中考真题)Charlie ________ his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much. A.visits B.was visiting C.will visit D.has visited 2.(2025·北京·中考真题)—Peter, did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday? —No, I didn’t. We ________ vegetables in our school garden. A.water B.have watered C.watered D.are going to water 3.(2025·北京·中考真题)— Linda, do you know ________ for the school trip this term? — Yes. We are going to the Capital Museum. A. where we are going B.where we went C.where are we going D.where did we go 4.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing 5.(2025·北京·中考真题)Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A.are coming B.have come C.came D.will come 6.(2025·江苏淮安·中考真题)—What will you do tomorrow? —I ________ the museum to learn about the local history. A.visit B.visited C.will visit D.are visiting 二、单词拼写 7.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Simon and I (work) on a history project now. 8.(2025·江苏无锡·中考真题)Here is the information we got from him. The city (have) a short history. 考点二 动词语态 定义:语态是动词的一种形式,表示主语与谓语之间的关系。英语中有两种语态,即主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者,被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。在被动语态的句子中,动作执行者可以由介词by引导的短语表示。be动词有人称、数和时态的变化。 He broke the vast. 他打破了这个花瓶。(主动语态) The vast was broken by him. 这个花瓶是他打破的。(被动语态) 1.不同时态被动语态的构成 时态 被动语态结构 (以 do为例) 例句 主动语态 被动语态 一般 现在时 am/ is/ are + done We plant trees every year. 我们每年都种树。 Trees are planted by us every year. 每年很多树都由我们种下。 一般 过去时 was/ were + done They invented a new term. 他们发明了 一 个新的术语。 A new term was invented by them. 他们发明了一个新的术语。 一般 将来时 will/ shall+ be+ done We will take new measures to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 New measures will be taken to protect the environment. 我们将会采取新措施保护环境。 现在 进行时 am/ is/ are+ being+ done Our school is holding a sports meeting. 我们学校正在举办运动会。 A sports meeting is being held in our school.我们学校正在举办运动会。 动会。 过去 进行时 was/ were+ being done My parents was discussing the report on health at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 The report on health was being discussed by my parents at that time. 那时我父母正在讨论那个关于健康的报道。 现在 完成时 have/ has+ been+ done They have published the results of their experiments.他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 The results of their experiments have been published. 他们已经发表了他们的实验结果。 2.被动语态的基本句型 句型 构成 例句 肯定句 主语 + be + 过去分词( + by... ) English is spoken everywhere. 到处有人说英语。 否定句 主语 + be + not + 过去分词( + by…) English isn’ t spoken by people here. 这里的人不说英语。 一般疑问句 Be + 主语 + 过去分词(+ by...)? —Was Tom asked to come early? 汤姆被要求早点来吗? —Yes, he was. 是的,他被要求了。/No, he wasn’ t. 不,他没有。 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词 + be + 主语 + 过去分词(+by...)? Why was this bridge destroyed by the government? 政府为什么要拆毁这座桥? 3.被动语态的用法 用法 例句 1.强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。 The new building is being built by the workers. 2.不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。 My bike was stolen last night. 3.固定句式中常用被动语态, 如It is said that…(据说…), It is/was reported that…(据报道), It is well-known that…(众所周知…) It is said that she is 109 years old. 【易错提醒】 1. 成双成对的名词如socks, trousers, stockings, compasses, glasses, jeans, shorts, pants, pincers, scissors, clothes, gloves, scales等一般不用具体数词修饰,但可以用a pair of, two pairs of gloves. 2. 不可数名词表示一定的数量时,可借助可数名词,用“a+可数名词+of+不可数名词”结构。表示复数意义时,把可数名词变为复数形式。He needs two pieces of paper. 他需要两张纸。 一、单项选择 1.(2025·北京·中考真题)Language learning apps ________ by more and more people these days. A.use B.used C.are used D.were used 2.(2025·天津·中考真题)Chinese ________ by more and more people from foreign countries today. A.speaks B.spoke C.is spoken D.will speak 3.(2025·江西·中考真题)—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain (瓷器) ______ in Paris last month. —Wow! Good news. A.shows B.has shown C.is shown D.was shown 4.(2024·天津·中考真题)Lao She wrote many plays and he _________ “the People’s Artist”. A.names B.named C.was named D.has named 5.(2025·云南·中考真题)The 12th World Games ________ in Chengdu in August, 2025. A.holds B.held C.is held D.will be held 6.(2025·安徽·模拟预测)AI robots ________ in Anhui’s factories since 2023 to improve production efficiency. A.use B.used C.have used D.have been used 一、单项选择 1.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)During Guyu, the temperature usually ________ a lot and rain increases. A.rises B.rose C.is rising D.has risen 2.(2024·北京·中考真题)A lot of people in China ________ by high-speed train every year. A.travel B.traveled C.will travel D.have traveled 3.(2025·天津·中考真题)The mobile phone ________ when I was making a cake with my mother. A.rang B.rings C.is ringing D.is going to ring 4.(2024·北京·中考真题)—What did you do last Saturday, Tina? —I ________ to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there. A.go B.went C.will go D.was going 5.(2025·江苏徐州·中考真题)Oh, you are growing so fast, Paul! Soon you ________ taller than your dad. A.are B.were C.have been D.will be 6.(2024·天津·中考真题)— Jane and I _________ a picnic this Sunday. Would you like to come with us? — Sure. See you then. A.had B.have had C.were having D.are going to have 7.(2025·安徽·中考真题)—The robots ________ each other to the finish line. —How exciting! Our robot is going to win. A.raced B.were racing C.race D.are racing 8.(2025·天津河东·二模)When I saw Betty yesterday, she ______ an old woman cross the road. A.helps B.will help C.was helping D.have helped 9.(2025·北京·中考真题)Mary ________ a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening. A.draws B.was drawing C.is drawing D.will draw 10.(2025·北京·中考真题)Many international students ________ to visit our school since last year. A.are coming B.have come C.came D.will come 11.(2024·江苏南京·中考真题)Most people agree that smart technology ________ a big part of society so far. A.become B.became C.has become D.is becoming 12.(2025·江苏扬州·中考真题)When you feel cold air coming through your window, energy ________. A.wastes B.is wasted C.wasted D.was wasted 13.(2024·河北·中考真题)Emma got excited when her writing ________ as a model in class. A.reads B.read C.is read D.was read 14.(2025·西藏·中考真题)More and more new technologies will ________ into our lives by scientists. A.bring B.brought C.be brought D.brings 15.(2025·江苏扬州·二模)— It’s said that iQIYI Land ________ in Yangzhou since March, 2025. — Really? It will become a new popular attraction in our hometown. A.has built B.were built C.will be built D.has been built 二、完形填空 (2025·广东·中考真题) 请通读下面短文,掌握其大意,从每小题所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案,并在答题卡上将对应选项涂黑。 In a narrow hutong in Beijing lies a small library. It is only seven square meters in size, but thousands of books are 1 in it. Unlike traditional libraries, this one doesn’t require its readers to 2 the books. Instead, it encourages them to pass those books on to someone else when they’ve finished reading. This library was 3 by Mr. Xu, a businessman, in 2010. The idea took shape when Xu recommended books online to students, but found it 4 for them to get the books from their school libraries. So, Xu bought and 5 nearly 1,000 books in the following year. The students who received the books were very thankful. Their thank-you letters got Xu to turn his book-gifting effort into a physical space. Xu’s library might be the smallest in the world, but in another sense, it’s also the biggest because its books keep 6 . Once, a reader took home an English book on Chinese history. A week later, he passed it on to a neighbor. 7 , the book traveled all the way abroad and ended up in Germany. “The 8 of the book is a wonder. Many wonders like this keep the culture of reading alive,” Xu tells the newspaper. Xu says he will continue this work although the library is now faced with the 9 of e-books. “This is the most 10 thing I’ve done in my life,” he says. “I hope that the library can stay open forever.” 1.A.kept B.written C.printed D.punished 2.A.return B.copy C.lend D.buy 3.A.locked B.started C.hidden D.guarded 4.A.hard B.harmful C.possible D.interesting 5.A.dug up B.picked up C.gave away D.threw away 6.A.burning B.moving C.falling D.shaking 7.A.Clearly B.Hopefully C.Generally D.Amazingly 8.A.history B.language C.journey D.background 9.A.death B.truth C.mistake D.challenge 10.A.silly B.scary C.common D.meaningful 三、任务型阅读 (2025·天津·中考真题) 阅读下面短文,根据短文内容完成句子。 Football is liked by lots of people in many parts of the world. Children in Europe, Asia, and South America spend much time playing football. They attend important football matches. This sport is a source (来源) of national pride for many of them. Why is football so popular? One of the reasons is its simple rules. Both players and spectators (观众) can easily understand the rules. Also, you only need a ball and a field to play football. They can be found almost anywhere. Even in poor countries, people can find some kind of football and the space to play. What’s more, football brings people together. People can make friends when they are playing football. Even though a ball is all you really need, balls have changed over the years. Early footballs in ancient China were made of leather (皮革) with hair in them. A rubber (橡胶) ball was invented in 1855. It was similar to the kind which we use today. 1.Children in Europe, Asia, and South America spend much time . 2.It’s easy for both players and spectators to understand . 3.Even in poor countries, people can find some kind of football and to play. 4.People can when they are playing football. 5.Early footballs in ancient China leather with hair in them. 21 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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