专项突破01 词汇与语法填空（考情解码+核心知识清单+解题技巧突破+分层训练+易错点警示+总结反思）（复习讲义）（全国通用）2026年高考英语二轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦高考词汇与语法填空核心考点，涵盖词汇类（词性转换）和语法类（冠词、介词、连词等），按考频占比和命题特点构建知识体系，通过考点梳理（如12类词性转换规则）、方法指导（解题四步法）、真题训练（分层语篇练习）等环节，帮助学生系统突破语境化考查和特殊变形等难点。 资料创新采用“规则+例外+语境”三维教学法，如形容词变副词口诀强化记忆，非谓语动词“三步法”培养思维品质，结合分层练习和错题管理策略提升学习能力。分阶段复习计划（基础巩固到真题冲刺）保障复习效率，助力学生短时间内提升正确率，为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰路径。

专项突破01：词汇与语法填空 考点类型 2025 年全国卷 / 地方卷分布 2024 年分布 2023 年分布 考频占比 命题特点 词汇类（词性转换） 全国 I 卷 59/60/63 题；全国 II 卷 57/63 题；浙江 1 月卷 61 题 新课标 I 卷 57/59/65 题；新课标 II 卷 56/62 题；九省联考 60 题 新课标 I 卷 64/66 题；新课标 II 卷 56/63/67 题；浙江 1 月卷 60/61 题 45% 1. 侧重 “动词→名词”“形容词→副词”“名词→形容词”，占词汇考点 80%；2. 语境化考查（语篇中变形，需结合句意判断词性）；3. 新增 “-ic 结尾形容词变副词（+ally）”“动词变名词特殊变形（如 explain→explanation）” 语法类（冠词 / 介词） 全国 I 卷 58 题；全国 II 卷 59 题 新课标 I 卷 58 题；八省联考 62 题 新课标 II 卷 58 题；全国甲卷 67 题 15% 1. 冠词侧重 “泛指 / 特指”“固定搭配（如 a great deal of）”；>2. 介词侧重 “固定短语（如 in addition to）”“语境逻辑（如 against 表‘对抗’）” 语法类（连词 / 从句引导词） 全国 I 卷 62 题；全国 II 卷 61 题 新课标 II 卷 59 题；全国甲卷 66 题 新课标 I 卷 62 题；全国乙卷 68 题 18% 1. 并列连词（and/but/or）占比 60%；2. 定语从句引导词（that/which/who/whose）、状语从句引导词（when/where/because）为高频 语法类（非谓语动词） 全国 I 卷 61 题；浙江 1 月卷 63 题 新课标 I 卷 63 题；全国乙卷 67 题 新课标 II 卷 61 题；浙江 1 月卷 65 题 12% 1. 作状语（doing/done/to do）占比 70%； 作定语、宾语补足语为辅，需结合逻辑主语判断主动 / 被动 语法类（时态 / 语态 / 主谓一致） 全国 II 卷 60 题；北京卷 13 题 新课标 II 卷 60 题；全国甲卷 69 题 新课标 I 卷 60 题；全国乙卷 66 题 8% 1. 一般过去时、现在完成时、一般现在时为主；. 被动语态侧重 “be done+by” 结构，主谓一致侧重 “分数 / 百分数 + 名词” 作主语 语法类（代词） 全国 I 卷 57 题；浙江 1 月卷 62 题 新课标 I 卷 56 题；八省联考 63 题 新课标 II 卷 57 题；全国甲卷 68 题 2% 侧重 “形容词性物主代词（their/its）”“不定代词（some/any/each）” （1）词汇类失分 1.词性转换规则混淆：如 “-ible” 与 “-able” 后缀混淆（accessible vs. achievable）、动词变名词漏写 “-tion”（compete→competition 误写为 competeition）； 2.语境判断失误：未结合句中成分（如修饰名词需形容词，作宾语需名词）盲目变形； 3.特殊变形记忆缺失：如 “true→truly”“whole→wholly”“public→publicly” 等例外情况。 （2）语法类失分 1.介词固定搭配遗忘：如 “devote to”“contribute to” 中 to 为介词，后接 doing； 2.非谓语动词逻辑主语判断错误：如 “______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful” 误填 Seeing（正确为 Seen）； 3.从句引导词滥用：定语从句中先行词为时间 / 地点，未区分 “作状语”（when/where）与 “作主语 / 宾语”（that/which）。 1.词汇层面：熟练掌握 12 类词性转换规则（含 80 个高频例外词），能在 3 秒内根据句中成分判断所需词性； 2.语法层面：全覆盖 7 大语法核心考点，掌握 “空格成分判断→考点匹配→答案验证” 解题逻辑； 3.应试层面：语法填空单题耗时≤1.5 分钟，正确率从 60% 提升至 90% 以上，词汇类考点零失误。 1.形容词→副词（考频最高，占词汇考点 35%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 例外情况（必记） 直接加 - ly 多数双音节 / 多音节形容词直接加 - ly，修饰动词 / 形容词 / 整个句子 quick→quickly； severe→severely； extreme→extremely full→fully； true→truly； whole→wholly 变 y 为 i 加 - ly 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾的形容词，y 变 i 加 - ly；“元音 + y” 直接加 - ly happy→happily； heavy→heavily； easy→easily shy→shyly； dry→dryly -le/-ble 结尾去 e 加 y 以 - le/-ble 结尾，去 e 加 y；部分以 - e 结尾直接加 - ly gentle→gently； possible→possibly；probable→probably flexible→flexibly；terrible→terribly -ic 结尾加 - ally 以 - ic 结尾（除 public 外），加 - ally，注意 “-ic+ally” 而非 “-ly” basic→basically； specific→specifically；scientific→scientifically public→publicly -ing/-ed 结尾直接加 - ly 分词形容词直接加 - ly，修饰动作或状态 surprising→surprisingly；excited→excitedly； hurried→hurriedly 无例外 2.名词→形容词（考频第二，占词汇考点 25%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 易混点对比 -y 后缀 抽象名词 / 物质名词加 - y，表 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 性质的” luck→lucky； fog→foggy； sun→sunny； taste→tasty wind→windy vs. wind→winding（蜿蜒的） -ful 后缀 名词加 - ful，表 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 的”，多为褒义 meaning→meaningful； care→careful； beauty→beautiful；function→functional helpful（有益的）vs. helpless（无助的） -less 后缀 名词加 - less，表 “无…… 的”，多为贬义 home→homeless； fear→fearless； harm→harmless； care→careless hope→hopeless vs. hopeful（有希望的） -al/-ial 后缀 名词加 - al/-ial，表 “与…… 相关的”“具有…… 性质的” center→central； addition→additional；profession→professional；nation→national tradition→traditional vs. historic（历史的） -ic/-ical 后缀 名词加 - ic/-ical，表 “与…… 有关的”“具有…… 特征的” energy→energetic； strategy→strategic； history→historic/historical historic（有历史意义的）vs. historical（历史上的） -ous 后缀 名词加 - ous，表 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 的”，多为书面语 courage→courageous； mystery→mysterious； danger→dangerous fame→famous vs. fame→fameful（罕见） -ble/-ible 后缀 名词加 - ble/-ible，表 “可…… 的”“能…… 的” access→accessible； change→changeable； reason→reasonable possible（可能的）vs. probable（很可能的） -en 后缀 物质名词加 - en，表 “由…… 制成的”“具有…… 性质的” wood→wooden； wool→woolen； gold→golden golden（金色的 / 宝贵的）vs. gold（金制的） 3.动词→形容词（考频第三，占词汇考点 18%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 核心区别（-ing/-ed） -ing 后缀 动词加 - ing，表 “令人…… 的”，修饰物 / 事，作定语 / 表语 surprise→surprising； excite→exciting； terrify→terrifying； interest→interesting -ing（修饰物）vs. -ed（修饰人） -ed 后缀 动词加 - ed，表 “感到…… 的”，修饰人，作表语 / 宾语补足语 surprise→surprised； excite→excited； embarrass→embarrassed；disappoint→disappointed 主语为人→ed；主语为物→ing -ful 后缀 动词加 - ful，表 “易于…… 的”“能…… 的”“充满…… 的” forget→forgetful； regret→regretful； help→helpful 与名词变形容词的 - ful 同源，需结合词根判断 -ble/-ible 后缀 动词加 - ble/-ible，表 “可…… 的”“能…… 的” accept→acceptable； adjust→adjustable； permit→permissible； access→accessible -ble（直接加）vs. -ible（特殊变形） -ive 后缀 动词加 - ive，表 “具有…… 性质的”“倾向于…… 的” protect→protective； explode→explosive； persuade→persuasive； act→active 多为形容词，部分可作名词（如 native） 4. 形容词→名词（考频第四，占词汇考点 12%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 特殊变形 -ness 后缀 形容词加 - ness，表 “性质”“状态”“程度”，多为不可数名词 kind→kindness； weak→weakness； thick→thickness； careless→carelessness happy→happiness； sad→sadness -cy 后缀 以 - t/-te/-ent/-ant 结尾的形容词加 - cy，表 “性质”“状态”“职位” efficient→efficiency； fluent→fluency； accurate→accuracy； private→privacy patient→patience；urgent→urgency -ty/-ity 后缀 形容词加 - ty/-ity，表 “性质”“状态”“程度”，多为抽象名词 safe→safety； honest→honesty； responsible→responsibility；able→ability possible→possibility； probable→probability -th 后缀 部分单音节形容词加 - th，表 “性质”“状态”“过程” strong→strength； warm→warmth； long→length； wide→width true→truth（特殊） -age 后缀 部分形容词加 - age，表 “状态”“数量”“集合” short→shortage； pass→passage； marry→marriage 注意 marry→marriage（去 y 加 - age） -dom 后缀 形容词加 - dom，表 “领域”“状态”“身份” free→freedom； wise→wisdom； king→kingdom wisdom（wise→wisdom，特殊变形） -ence/-ance 后缀 以 - ent/-ant 结尾的形容词加 - ence/-ance，表 “性质”“状态”“行为” different→difference；evident→evidence； important→importance；confident→confidence patient→patience（ence）vs. important→importance（ance） 5.动词→名词（考频第五，占词汇考点 10%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 特殊变形（必记） -tion/-sion 后缀 动词加 - tion/-sion，表 “行为”“结果”“状态”，多为抽象名词 correct→correction；celebrate→celebration；conclude→conclusion；admit→admission explain→explanation（去 i 加 - tion）；argue→argument（去 e 加 - ment） -er/-or 后缀 动词加 - er/-or，表 “人”（执行者），部分表 “物” drive→driver；sail→sailor；conduct→conductor；act→actor teach→teacher；visit→visitor；invent→inventor -ment 后缀 动词加 - ment，表 “行为”“结果”“工具”“机构” punish→punishment；achieve→achievement；argue→argument；treat→treatment equip→equipment（不可数）；govern→government -ance/-ence 后缀 动词加 - ance/-ence，表 “行为”“状态”“性质” appear→appearance；guide→guidance；prefer→preference；refer→reference differ→difference（ence）；exist→existence（ence） -ing 后缀 动词加 - ing，表 “行为”“过程”“结果”，可作可数 / 不可数名词 hear→hearing；begin→beginning；build→building；warn→warning run→running；swim→swimming（双写尾字母） -ure/-ture 后缀 动词加 - ure/-ture，表 “行为”“结果”“状态”，多为抽象名词 fail→failure；press→pressure；depart→departure；mix→mixture pleasure（please→pleasure）；structure（construct→structure） -y 后缀 动词加 - y，表 “行为”“状态”“结果”，多为不可数名词 recover→recovery；discover→discovery；inquire→inquiry 注意 discovery（去 e 加 - y） 1.冠词（考频 15%） （1）核心用法 类型 用法说明 易错点 不定冠词 a/an 1. 泛指 “一个”，修饰单数可数名词；. 固定搭配（a great many/a number of/an amount of）；2. 抽象名词具体化（a success/a failure） an 用于元音音素开头（an hour/an honest man），而非元音字母 定冠词 the 1. 特指（上文提到过 / 双方皆知 / 有定语修饰）；2. 序数词 / 最高级前；3. 专有名词前（the Great Wall/the United States）；4. 固定搭配（in the end/on the other hand） 抽象名词前不用 the（如 music，而非 the music） 零冠词 1. 复数可数名词 / 不可数名词泛指； 三餐 / 球类 / 学科前；. 固定搭配（at school/in bed/by bus） 固定搭配中冠词不可漏（如 in class，而非 in the class） （2） 例句解析 例1：______ company representative wrote back...（答案：A） 例2：It is not ______ matter of chance...（答案：a） 2.介词（考频 15%） （1）高频介词分类（按功能） 功能类型 核心介词 固定搭配（高考高频） 时间介词 in/on/at/for/since/by/until in the morning；on Sunday；at 3 o’clock；for 3 years；since 2020 地点介词 in/on/at/under/above/beside/between/among in the room；on the table；at the station；between A and B 逻辑介词 with/without/against/for/against/about/of/in with pleasure；without doubt；against the law；care for；think about 固定短语介词 in addition to/according to/thanks to/because of/in spite of thanks to his help；because of the rain；in spite of difficulty （2）易错介词对比 易混介词对 用法区别 例句 in vs. on 月份 / 年份 / 季节前用 in； 日期 / 星期 / 具体某天上午 / 下午用 on in March；on March 1st；on a cold morning between vs. among between 用于两者之间； among 用于三者及以上之间 between you and me；among the students for vs. since for 后接时间段； since 后接时间点 / 从句（一般过去时） for 5 years；since 2018；since I came here 3. 连词（考频 18%） （1）并列连词 类型 核心连词 用法说明 转折连词 but/however/yet/nevertheless 表前后语义转折，however 需用逗号隔开 因果连词 so/therefore/thus/as a result 表结果，therefore/thus 需用逗号隔开 并列连词 and/or/so and 表并列 / 顺承；or 表选择 / 否则；so 表结果 让步连词 although/though/even if/even though 表让步，although/though 不可与 but 连用 （2）从句引导词 从句类型 核心引导词 用法说明 定语从句 1. 指人：who/whom/whose/that； 2. 指物：that/which/whose； 3. 时间：when； 4. 地点：where；. 原因：why 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语用 that/which/who；作定语用 whose；作状语用 when/where/why 状语从句 1.时间：when/while/as/before/after/since；2. 原因：because/since/as； 3. 条件：if/unless/as long as； 4. 让步：although/though/even if； 5. 结果：so...that.../such...that... 注意 so + 形容词 / 副词；such + 名词短语 名词性从句 1. 主语从句：that/whether/what/who； 2.宾语从句：that/if/whether/what；3. 表语从句：that/what/whether； 4. 同位语从句：that/whether 宾语从句中 that 可省略；whether 可与 or not 连用，if 不可 4. 非谓语动词（考频 12%） （1）核心形式及用法 形式 结构 核心用法 doing 主动 / 进行 1. 作主语 / 宾语（enjoy/avoid/finish+doing）； 2. 作状语（主动关系）； 3.作定语（表功能 / 主动） done 被动 / 完成 1.作状语（被动关系）； 2.作定语（被动关系）； 3.作宾语补足语（被动） to do 目的 / 将来 / 主动 1. 作主语（It’s + adj. + to do）； 2. 作宾语（want/hope/decide+to do）； 3. 作状语（目的）； 4.作定语（将来） （2）非谓语动词判断三步法 1.分析句子成分：确定空格处是否为谓语（若已有谓语，必为非谓语）； 2.判断逻辑关系：空格处动作与逻辑主语（句子主语 / 被修饰词）的关系（主动→doing/to do；被动→done）； 3.确定功能：作状语（目的→to do；主动进行→doing；被动完成→done）；作定语（主动→doing；被动→done；将来→to do）；作宾语（固定搭配→doing/to do）。 （3）例句解析 例1：...digitally ______ (generate) pictures...（答案：generated） 例2：...in order ______ (protect) the pandas...（答案：to protect） 5. 时态与语态（考频 8%） （1）高频时态核心用法 时态类型 时间标志词 用法说明 一般现在时 every day/usually/often/always/sometimes/in general 表经常性、习惯性动作；客观真理；现在的状态 一般过去时 yesterday/last week/in 2020/just now/ago 表过去发生的动作 / 状态，与现在无关 现在完成时 since/for/in the past few years/already/yet/ever/never 表过去发生的动作持续到现在；过去动作对现在造成的影响 过去进行时 at 8 o’clock yesterday/this time last week/while/when 引导的从句 表过去某一时刻 / 时间段正在进行的动作 一般将来时 tomorrow/next week/in the future/will/be going to 表将来发生的动作 / 状态 （2）语态核心用法 被动语态结构：be + done（根据时态变化 be 动词形式）； 高频考点：1. 及物动词才有被动语态（vi. 如 happen/occur 无被动）； 2.固定搭配的被动（be made to do/be seen to do）； 3. 主动表被动（如 sell well/write easily）。 （3）例句解析 例1：Its solar energy capacity ______ (explode) from...（答案：has exploded） 例2：The latest techniques ______ (apply) to create...（答案：are applied） 6. 主谓一致（考频 3%） （1）核心规则 规则类型 说明 示例 语法一致 单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语 He plays football；They play football 意义一致 集合名词（family/team/group）表整体→单数；表成员→复数 The family is big；The family are having dinner 就近一致 there be/neither...nor.../either...or.../not only...but also...→就近原则 There is a book and two pens；Neither you nor he is right 特殊主语 1.分数 / 百分数 + 名词→根据名词单复数判断； 2.动名词 / 不定式作主语→单数； 3. 并列主语（and 连接）表同一概念→单数 70% of the students are boys；Reading is helpful；Bread and butter is my breakfast 7. 代词（考频 2%） （1）高频代词分类 类型 核心代词 用法说明 人称代词 I/you/he/she/it/we/they（主格）；me/you/him/her/it/us/them（宾格） 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 物主代词 my/your/his/her/its/our/their（形容词性）；mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs（名词性） 形容词性物主代词 + 名词；名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 不定代词 some/any/each/every/all/both/neither/either/none/something/anything some 用于肯定句 / 请求；any 用于否定句 / 疑问句；each 后接单数名词 / 谓语 反身代词 myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语，强调 “自身” 步骤 1：通读全文，把握主旨（30 秒） 核心目的：了解文章话题（如环保、文化、科技）、时态基调（如一般过去时叙述故事、一般现在时陈述事实）、逻辑结构（转折 / 因果 / 顺承）； 关键动作：圈画时间标志词（如 in 2024/since 2010）、逻辑连接词（如 but/so/however），初步判断时态和逻辑关系。 步骤 2：分析空格成分，判断考点类型（1 分钟） 空格特征 考点判断 示例 空格后为名词 可能为形容词（作定语）、冠词（a/an/the）、形容词性物主代词（my/their） ...______ (digital) generated pictures→形容词（digital→digitally？不，空格后为 generated（形容词），故空格为副词修饰形容词，考点：形容词变副词） 空格前为 be 动词 / 系动词 可能为形容词（作表语）、done（被动语态）、doing（进行时态） The structure stays ______ (close)→形容词（closed，系表结构） 空格前为介词 可能为名词（作宾语）、doing（介词 + doing） through ______ (innovate)→名词（innovation） 空格前后为两个句子 可能为连词（并列连词 / 从句引导词） He tried hard ______ he failed→转折连词（but） 空格处无提示词 可能为冠词、介词、连词、代词（必考 1-2 题） ______ company representative→冠词（a） 空格处有提示词 可能为词性转换（80%）、时态语态（15%）、非谓语动词（5%） ______ (strategy) placement→名词变形容词（strategic） 步骤 3：根据规则解题，精准变形 / 选择（30 秒） 词汇变形：按 “核心知识清单” 中的规则变形，注意例外情况（如 true→truly）； 语法考点：结合 “必考点清单”，如冠词判断 “泛指 / 特指”，介词判断 “固定搭配 / 语境逻辑”，连词判断 “句子关系”。 步骤 4：代入验证，检查逻辑与语法（10 秒） 检查维度：1. 词性是否正确（如修饰动词需副词）； 2.语法是否无误（如时态一致、主谓一致）； 3. 语义是否通顺（如连词是否符合逻辑）； 4. 拼写是否正确（如 - tion/-sion 后缀是否漏写）。 （1）词性转换解题技巧（语法填空词汇考点核心） 技巧 1：“瞻前顾后” 定词性 前看：空格前的词（如 be 动词→形容词，介词→名词 /doing）； 后看：空格后的词（如名词→形容词作定语，动词→副词作状语）。 示例：例题：______ (strategy) placement→后为名词 placement，故填形容词 strategic。 技巧 2：“固定搭配” 优先选 若空格前后有固定短语，优先按搭配变形，如 “be responsible for”→名词形式 “responsibility”，“be different from”→名词形式 “difference”。 示例：例题：the ______ (rich) of gardening→固定搭配 “the richness of”，故填 richness。 技巧 3：“语境逻辑” 补漏洞 若词性不明确，结合句意判断，如 “______ (apparent) he is right”→修饰整个句子，故填副词 apparently。 （2）非谓语动词解题技巧 技巧 1：“有谓语，非谓语” 若句子已有谓语动词（如 is/was/do/did），且无连词连接，空格处必为非谓语动词。 示例：例题：digitally ______ (generate) pictures→句子已有谓语 inspired，故填非谓语 generated。 技巧 2：“主动 doing，被动 done，目的 to do” 逻辑主语与动作主动关系→doing；被动关系→done；表目的→to do。 例题：______ (see) from the top→逻辑主语为 the city，被动关系→seen。 （3）连词解题技巧 技巧 1：“句子关系” 定连词 并列关系→and；转折关系→but/however；因果关系→so/therefore；让步关系→although/though。 例题：He is young ______ he is experienced→转折关系→but。 技巧 2：“从句类型” 定引导词 定语从句：先找先行词，指人→who/that，指物→that/which，表时间→when，表地点→where； 状语从句：表时间→when/while，表原因→because/since，表条件→if/unless。 例题：This is the place ______ I grew up→先行词为 place，作状语→where。 例 1：原文：You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ______ (guide) till they lose. 例 2：原文：The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ______ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 例 3：原文：______ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 例 4：原文：thanks to the ______ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons. 例 5：原文：They all agreed and vowed to promote the idea at the ______ (complete) of their journey. 例 6：原文：encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat. 例 7：原文：always leaving us ______ (astonish). 例 8：原文：I told him how ______ (harm) plastic could be to the environment. 例 9：原文：providing a less expensive ______ (solve) to one-time event dressing. 例 10：原文：its development through ______ (innovate), and its inclusiveness. Passage 1 China has made great progress in renewable energy development. In recent years, the country’s wind power capacity has increased ______ (steady). Many ______ (factory) have started to use clean energy to reduce pollution. The government has also introduced ______ (vary) policies to encourage the use of new energy vehicles. ______ (basic), these efforts have helped China become a world leader in green development. People now are more ______ (aware) of environmental protection and are willing to take action. For example, more and more people choose to go to work by bike or on foot ______ than drive cars. This not only reduces carbon emissions but also improves their health. We believe that ______ (with) everyone’s efforts, China will achieve its carbon neutrality goal ______ (success) in the future. Passage 2 The Silk Road, a historic trade route ______ (connect) Asia and Europe, has played a vital role in cultural exchange. For centuries, merchants from different countries traveled along this route, ______ (bring) goods and ideas. Today, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has revived this ancient route with ______ (innovate) cooperation models. The BRI aims to promote ______ (friend) between countries and achieve common development. One of the ______ (remark) achievements of the BRI is the construction of infrastructure projects. These projects have ______ (great) improved transportation and trade between regions. ______ (compare) with the ancient Silk Road, the BRI covers a wider area and involves more countries. It is ______ (evidence) that the BRI will continue to bring benefits to people around the world. We should learn from the ______ (wise) of our ancestors and cherish the opportunity to build a better future through ______ (cooperate). Passage 3 Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ______ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, and digital artworks. Go, a traditional Chinese board game with a history of over 4,000 years, is not just a game but a reflection of Chinese philosophy. It teaches players to think ______ (careful) about every step, as a single mistake can lead to ______ (fail). In recent years, Go has gained international popularity, ______ more and more people around the world are learning to play it. The key to mastering Go lies in understanding the balance between attack and defense, ______ requires both logical thinking and creative strategies. Many young people now regard Go as a way to improve ______ (they) concentration and decision-making skills. ______ (compare) with other board games, Go has simple rules but complex strategies. This is why it has been praised as “the game of kings” since ancient times. With the development of technology, online Go platforms have been created, ______ allow players to compete with others from different countries. These platforms have also made it easier for beginners to learn the game through video tutorials and practice matches. As Tu puts it, Go is a bridge ______ connects Chinese culture with the world. It shows the world the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and promotes cultural exchange ______ borders. Passage 4 A company representative wrote back, saying that the shoes were ______ (actual) made for disabled people. He explained that the shoes were designed to help people with walking difficulties ______ (move) around more easily. The representative also mentioned that the company had spent years ______ (develop) the special sole, which could provide better support and balance. When Li heard this, he felt ______ (embarrass) about his mistake. He realized that he had judged the shoes ______ knowing their true purpose. Li immediately wrote an apology letter to the company, ______ (express) his regret for the misunderstanding. To his surprise, the company not only accepted his apology but also invited him to visit their factory. During the visit, Li saw how the shoes were made and learned about the company’s commitment to helping disabled people. He was deeply ______ (touch) by their kindness and dedication. Li later shared his experience on social media, ______ quickly went viral. Many people praised the company for their ______ (responsible) and Li for his honesty. This story shows that we should not judge things by their appearance; instead, we should try to understand the truth before ______ (make) a conclusion. Passage 5 The art of paper-cutting is one of China’s most precious intangible cultural heritages. It has a history of more than 1,500 years and is known ______ its beauty and simplicity. Paper-cutting works are usually made of red paper, ______ symbolizes good luck and happiness in Chinese culture. Skilled craftsmen use scissors or knives to cut paper into various ______ (shape), such as flowers, animals, and characters from folk stories. The process requires great patience and ______ (care) , as even a small mistake can ruin the whole work. In the past, paper-cutting was mainly used to decorate homes during festivals. Today, it has become a popular art form ______ attracts people of all ages. Many young artists are now ______ (innovate) the traditional art form by combining it with modern elements. For example, some artists use digital technology to create paper-cutting works, while others design paper-cutting patterns for clothing and accessories. These innovations have helped paper-cutting gain ______ (great) international visibility than before. Paper-cutting is not just an art form but also a carrier of Chinese culture. It reflects the ______ (wise) and creativity of the Chinese people. As more and more people around the world learn about paper-cutting, it will continue to play an important role in promoting cultural ______ (communicate) between China and other countries. We should cherish and protect this traditional art, ______ it is an important part of our cultural identity. Passage 6 When I was a child, my grandmother often told me stories about her life in the countryside. She said that life was hard in the past, but people were ______ (happy) than they are now. They grew their own food and raised animals, and they helped each other ______ difficult times. One of my favorite stories is about how my grandmother learned to read. She was born in a poor family and didn’t have the chance to go to school. But she was determined to learn, so she asked young people in the village ______ (teach) her. She spent every evening ______ (practice) reading and writing, and she never gave up even when she faced difficulties. After years of hard work, she finally learned to read and write ______ (fluent). My grandmother often says that knowledge is power. She believes that education can change people’s lives. ______ (influence) by her, I have always valued my studies. I work hard at school and try to learn as much as possible. Now my grandmother is old, but she still loves reading. She often reads books about history and culture, and she shares what she learns with me. I am grateful to my grandmother for ______ (teach) me the importance of education. She has not only given me love and care but also taught me valuable life ______ (lesson). This story shows that it is never too late to learn. No matter how old you are or what difficulties you face, you can always learn something new. ______ long as you have determination and perseverance, you will succeed. Passage 7 Pandas are one of the most beloved animals in the world. They are known for their black-and-white fur and gentle nature. Pandas live mainly in the mountainous areas of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces in China. Their main food is bamboo, ______ makes up 99% of their diet. In the past, pandas were endangered due to habitat loss and ______ (pollute). However, thanks to the efforts of the Chinese government and conservationists, the number of pandas has increased ______ (steady) in recent years. The government has established many nature reserves to protect pandas’ habitats, and conservationists have carried out ______ (vary) programs to study and protect pandas. One of the most important programs is the panda breeding program. Scientists have been working hard to improve the breeding success rate of pandas in captivity. They have also been studying the behavior of wild pandas to better understand their needs. Thanks to these efforts, the number of wild pandas has increased from 1,114 in 2000 to over 1,800 now. Pandas are not only a national treasure of China but also a symbol of international ______ (cooperate) in conservation. Many countries have collaborated with China to protect pandas, and some zoos abroad have received pandas on loan. These collaborations have helped raise global awareness of wildlife conservation. ______ (protect) pandas is not just about saving a single species; it is about protecting the entire ecosystem. Pandas play an important role in maintaining the balance of the forest ecosystem. By protecting pandas, we are also protecting many other species that live in the same habitat. We believe that ______ continued efforts, pandas will have a bright future. And we hope that more people will join in the effort to protect wildlife and our planet. Passage 8 Last year, I participated in a volunteer program in a rural area. The program aimed to help children in poor villages improve their English skills. When I arrived there, I was shocked by the ______ (poor) of the village. The school had no proper classrooms, and the children had very few textbooks. But despite the difficult conditions, the children were very ______ (eagerness) to learn. I taught the children English for two months. During that time, I tried my best to make the classes ______ (interest). I used songs, games, and stories to help them learn new words and grammar. The children were very active in class and always asked questions. They also practiced English with each other after class. One of the most memorable experiences was when I organized an English party for the children. They sang English songs, performed short plays, and recited poems. Everyone had a great time, and the children’s faces were filled with ______ (smile). Before I left, the children gave me many handmade gifts, such as drawings and bracelets. They also wrote letters to me, ______ (express) their thanks. Reading their letters, I felt very ______ (touch). I realized that volunteer work is not just about helping others but also about gaining valuable experiences for myself. This volunteer experience has taught me a lot. It has made me more grateful for what I have and more aware of the needs of others. I also learned that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference in people’s lives. I hope to participate in more volunteer programs in the future and continue to help those ______ need. Passage 9 The Internet has changed the way we live, work, and communicate. It has made our lives more convenient and ______ (efficient). With the Internet, we can shop online, work from home, and keep in touch with friends and family ______ are far away. One of the most important impacts of the Internet is on education. Online learning platforms have made it possible for people to learn anytime and anywhere. Students can take online courses, watch educational videos, and access a wealth of learning resources. Teachers can also use the Internet to design ______ (interact) lessons and communicate with students more effectively. However, the Internet also has some negative effects. For example, some people spend too much time ______ (surf) the Internet, which affects their work and study. Others may be exposed to bad information, such as violence and pornography. In addition, online privacy has become a major concern. Many people worry about their personal information being stolen or misused. To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it ______ (responsible). We should set limits on our Internet use and avoid accessing bad information. We should also protect our personal information by using strong passwords and avoiding sharing sensitive data online. The Internet is a powerful tool that can bring many benefits. But it is up to us to use it wisely. By ______ (balance) the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, we can make it work for us and create a better digital life. Passage 10 I first met Li Ming at a friend’s birthday party. He was ______ (quiet) and didn’t talk much, but I could tell that he was a kind and friendly person. We exchanged phone numbers and started chatting online. As we got to know each other better, I learned that Li Ming is passionate about photography. He loves taking photos of nature, people, and everyday life. He often shares his photos with me, and I am always ______ (amaze) by his talent. Li Ming’s photos are not just beautiful but also ______ (meaning). They tell stories and reflect his unique perspective on life. Last summer, Li Ming invited me to go hiking with him. We went to a mountainous area where there were many beautiful scenic spots. Li Ming brought his camera and took many photos along the way. He also taught me some photography skills, such as how to choose the right angle and how to use natural light ______ (effective). During the hike, we talked about our dreams and aspirations. Li Ming told me that he wants to become a professional photographer and travel around the world to take photos. He also wants to use his photos to raise awareness of environmental protection. I was deeply inspired by his ______ (determine) and passion. Since then, we have become good friends. We often go hiking, take photos, and share our ideas with each other. Li Ming has taught me a lot, not just about photography but also about life. He has shown me that it is important to follow your dreams and never give up, no matter how difficult the journey may be. I am grateful to have such a good friend. He has made my life more ______ (color) and meaningful. Passage 11 Zhang Wei is a young scientist who has devoted his life to ______ (research) renewable energy. He believes that renewable energy is the key to solving the world’s energy and environmental problems. Zhang Wei grew up in a small town in northern China. As a child, he often saw the sky covered with smog in winter. This made him realize the importance of environmental protection. He decided to study science and technology to find ways to reduce pollution. After graduating from university, Zhang Wei joined a research team. He and his colleagues have been working on developing new types of solar panels. They have spent years ______ (test) different materials and designs to improve the efficiency of solar panels. Their hard work has paid off. They have successfully developed a new type of solar panel that is more efficient and ______ (cheap) than traditional ones. The new solar panel has many advantages. It can convert more sunlight into electricity, and it is more durable. It also uses less energy to produce, which makes it more environmentally friendly. Zhang Wei and his team hope that their invention will be widely used in homes, factories, and public buildings. In addition to his research work, Zhang Wei also gives lectures at universities and conferences. He wants to inspire more young people to pursue careers in science and technology. He believes that young people have the creativity and energy to make ______ (great) contributions to the world. Zhang Wei’s story shows that perseverance and passion are essential for success. By following his dreams and working hard, he has made important contributions to renewable energy development. He is a role model for young people around the world. Passage 12 I live in a small city in southern China. There is a park near my home where I often go for a walk. The park is beautiful, with many trees, flowers, and a small lake. It is a popular place for people to exercise and relax. Last weekend, I went to the park as usual. When I arrived, I saw a group of children ______ (play) football on the grass. Their laughter filled the air. I sat down on a bench and watched them. Suddenly, I noticed a little boy crying. I went over to him and asked what was wrong. He told me that he had lost his way and couldn’t find his parents. I tried to calm him down and asked him for his parents’ phone numbers. But he couldn’t remember them. I decided to help him find his parents. We walked around the park, and I asked people if they had seen a couple looking for a little boy. After about half an hour, we met a woman who was ______ (anxiety) looking for her son. The little boy recognized his mother and ran to her. The woman thanked me repeatedly. She told me that she had been looking for her son for a long time and was very worried. I felt very happy to have helped them. It was a small act of kindness, but it made me realize that helping others can bring great ______ (happy). Since then, I have tried to help others as much as possible. I have helped elderly people cross the street, picked up litter in the park, and volunteered at community events. Each time I help others, I feel a sense of ______ (achieve). This experience has taught me that we should always be ready to help others. No matter how small the act of kindness may be, it can make a difference in someone’s life. We should also teach our children to be kind and helpful, so that our society becomes more ______ (harmony) and caring. 1.词性转换特殊变形易错点 易错类型 典型例词（真题高频） 错误形式 正确形式 记忆技巧 形容词→副词例外情况 true； whole；public；simple true→truely； whole→wholy； public→publically；simple→simplely true→truly； whole→wholly； public→publicly；simple→simply 口诀：“e 结尾去 e 加 ly（true→truly），-ic 结尾加 ally（public 除外）” 动词→名词特殊变形 explain；argue； vary；succeed explain→explaination；argue→arguement； vary→variety（名词）；succeed→succession explain→explanation；argue→argument； vary→variety； succeed→success 注意 “去 e / 去 ue” 变形：explain（去 i）→explanation；argue（去 e）→argument 名词→形容词易混后缀 history；industry；danger；courage history→historic（表 “历史的”）；industry→industrial（表 “工业的”）；danger→dangerous；courage→courageous historic（有历史意义的）vs. historical（历史上的）；industrial（工业的）；dangerous（危险的）；courageous（勇敢的） 区分 “-ic/-ical”：有特指意义用 historic，泛指用 historical 形容词→名词特殊变形 poor；wise；ill；strong poor→poor；wise→wise；ill→illness（正确）；strong→strong poor→poverty；wise→wisdom；ill→illness；strong→strength 单音节形容词变名词多为特殊变形，需单独记忆 2.语境词性判断易错点 易错场景 例句 错误答案 正确答案 判断依据 修饰形容词需副词 ______ (digital) generated pictures digital（形容词） digitally（副词） 空格后为形容词 generated，需副词修饰形容词 介词后需名词 /doing through ______ (innovate) innovate（动词）/innovative（形容词） innovation（名词） through 为介词，后接名词作宾语 系动词后需形容词 The structure stays ______ (close) closely（副词） closed（形容词） stay 为系动词，后接形容词作表语 固定搭配中词性固定 the ______ (rich) of gardening rich（形容词）/richness（正确） richness（名词） 固定搭配 “the + 名词 + of”，rich→richness 1.冠词易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 避错技巧 元音音素 vs. 元音字母 ______ honest man a an 看发音不看字母：honest/hour 以元音音素开头 抽象名词具体化 It is ______ great success 零冠词 a 抽象名词（success）前有形容词修饰，表 “一件…… 的事”，用 a 固定搭配中冠词遗漏 in ______ end 零冠词 the 固定搭配 “in the end”，冠词不可省略 专有名词前冠词滥用 ______ Great Wall 零冠词 the 普通名词构成的专有名词前加 the 2.介词易错点 易错类型 易混介词对 例句 正确答案 记忆技巧 时间介词混淆 in vs. on vs. at ______ the morning of June 1st on 具体某天上午 / 下午用 on，月份 / 年份用 in，时刻用 at 逻辑介词混淆 against vs. for vs. with fight ______ pollution against against 表 “对抗”，for 表 “支持”，with 表 “伴随” 固定搭配中介词错误 devote to vs. contribute to He devotes himself ______ teaching to（后接 doing） to 为介词，后接名词 /doing，而非 to do 地点介词混淆 in vs. at vs. on ______ the station at 小地点用 at，大地点用 in，表面用 on 3.非谓语动词易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 避错步骤 逻辑主语判断错误 ______ (see) from the top Seeing Seen 1. 找逻辑主语（the city）；2. 判断关系（被动）；3. 选 done 固定搭配后非谓语错误 avoid ______ (make) mistakes to make making 记忆 “后接 doing 的动词”：avoid/finish/enjoy/mind 目的状语误用 doing He came ______ (visit) me visiting to visit 表目的用 to do，不用 doing 分词形容词混淆 The news made us ______ (excite) exciting excited 修饰人用 - ed，修饰物用 - ing 4.从句引导词易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 判断技巧 定语从句中 when/where vs. that/which This is the place ______ I worked which where 先行词 place 在从句中作状语（I worked in the place），用 where 名词性从句中 what vs. that ______ he said is true That What 从句中缺宾语（said sth.），用 what；不缺成分用 that 状语从句中 because vs. so He stayed at home ______ he was ill so because because 表原因，so 表结果，不可连用 非限定性定语从句中 that vs. which He bought a book, ______ is interesting that which 非限定性定语从句不用 that，用 which 5.时态与语态易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 时间标志词 / 逻辑依据 现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时 He ______ (live) here since 2010 lived has lived 时间标志词 since，用现在完成时 主动表被动误用 The book ______ (sell) well is sold sells 不及物动词（sell/write/read）主动表被动 被动语态中 be 动词遗漏 The letter ______ (write) yesterday wrote was written 被动语态结构：be+done，结合时态（一般过去时） 主谓一致错误 70% of the land ______ (be) covered with water are is 分数 + 不可数名词（land），谓语用单数 1.词汇变形口诀 形容词变副词：直接加 ly 最常见，辅音加 y 变 i 加 ly，le 结尾去 e 加 y，ic 结尾加 ally（public 除外）； 名词变形容词：y/ful/less/al，ous/ble/ible，根据含义来选择，-ful 表满 - less 表无； 动词变名词：tion/sion/ment，er/or 表人 / 物，ing 表过程，ance/ence 表状态； 特殊变形：true→truly，wise→wisdom，poor→poverty，单独记忆不忘记。 2.语法填空口诀 无提示词：冠介连代跑不了，冠词泛指 a/an 特指 the，介词固定 + 语境，连词看句子关系，代词看成分； 有提示词：词性转换占八成，时态语态非谓语，变形先看前后词，成分判断是关键； 解题四步：通读定基调，分析判考点，变形 / 选择遵规则，代入验逻辑。 复习阶段 时间安排 核心任务 检测方式 改进措施 基础巩固期（1-2 周） 每天 30 分钟 背诵 12 类词性转换规则 + 80 个高频例外词；完成基础巩固层 15 篇训练 每篇错误≤2 题 错误题标注考点，补充同类词记忆 能力提升期（3-4 周） 每天 45 分钟 精练能力提升层 20 篇训练；总结易错点；背诵固定搭配 每篇错误≤3 题 建立错题本，按考点分类整理 真题冲刺期（5-6 周） 每天 60 分钟 完成真题精练层 10 篇；限时训练（单篇≤15 分钟）；复盘错题 正确率≥85% 分析错题原因，针对性强化薄弱考点 考前保温期（最后 1 周） 每天 20 分钟 背诵核心口诀；翻看错题本；1 篇真题限时训练 单篇错误≤1 题 保持手感，避免遗忘核心规则 1.时间分配 通读全文：30 秒，把握主旨和时态； 逐题解题：10 题≤15 分钟，单题≤1.5 分钟； 检查核对：2 分钟，重点检查拼写、词性、语法一致性。 2.避错技巧 圈画关键词：时间标志词（since/for/ago）、逻辑连接词（but/so/however）、固定搭配提示词； 优先做有提示词题：词性转换题占比高（45%），先完成保证基础分； 无提示词题别空着：冠词、介词、连词为高频考点，根据语境大胆推测； 检查维度：拼写（后缀是否正确）、词性（修饰关系是否正确）、语法（时态 / 语态 / 主谓一致）、逻辑（连词是否通顺）。 1.我的薄弱考点：________________________________________________________________ 2.我最易混淆的词汇变形：________________________________________________________ 3.我需要强化的固定搭配：________________________________________________________ 4.我的错题本重点：______________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专项突破01：词汇与语法填空 考点类型 2025 年全国卷 / 地方卷分布 2024 年分布 2023 年分布 考频占比 命题特点 词汇类（词性转换） 全国 I 卷 59/60/63 题；全国 II 卷 57/63 题；浙江 1 月卷 61 题 新课标 I 卷 57/59/65 题；新课标 II 卷 56/62 题；九省联考 60 题 新课标 I 卷 64/66 题；新课标 II 卷 56/63/67 题；浙江 1 月卷 60/61 题 45% 1. 侧重 “动词→名词”“形容词→副词”“名词→形容词”，占词汇考点 80%；2. 语境化考查（语篇中变形，需结合句意判断词性）；3. 新增 “-ic 结尾形容词变副词（+ally）”“动词变名词特殊变形（如 explain→explanation）” 语法类（冠词 / 介词） 全国 I 卷 58 题；全国 II 卷 59 题 新课标 I 卷 58 题；八省联考 62 题 新课标 II 卷 58 题；全国甲卷 67 题 15% 1. 冠词侧重 “泛指 / 特指”“固定搭配（如 a great deal of）”；>2. 介词侧重 “固定短语（如 in addition to）”“语境逻辑（如 against 表‘对抗’）” 语法类（连词 / 从句引导词） 全国 I 卷 62 题；全国 II 卷 61 题 新课标 II 卷 59 题；全国甲卷 66 题 新课标 I 卷 62 题；全国乙卷 68 题 18% 1. 并列连词（and/but/or）占比 60%；2. 定语从句引导词（that/which/who/whose）、状语从句引导词（when/where/because）为高频 语法类（非谓语动词） 全国 I 卷 61 题；浙江 1 月卷 63 题 新课标 I 卷 63 题；全国乙卷 67 题 新课标 II 卷 61 题；浙江 1 月卷 65 题 12% 1. 作状语（doing/done/to do）占比 70%； 作定语、宾语补足语为辅，需结合逻辑主语判断主动 / 被动 语法类（时态 / 语态 / 主谓一致） 全国 II 卷 60 题；北京卷 13 题 新课标 II 卷 60 题；全国甲卷 69 题 新课标 I 卷 60 题；全国乙卷 66 题 8% 1. 一般过去时、现在完成时、一般现在时为主；. 被动语态侧重 “be done+by” 结构，主谓一致侧重 “分数 / 百分数 + 名词” 作主语 语法类（代词） 全国 I 卷 57 题；浙江 1 月卷 62 题 新课标 I 卷 56 题；八省联考 63 题 新课标 II 卷 57 题；全国甲卷 68 题 2% 侧重 “形容词性物主代词（their/its）”“不定代词（some/any/each）” （1）词汇类失分 1.词性转换规则混淆：如 “-ible” 与 “-able” 后缀混淆（accessible vs. achievable）、动词变名词漏写 “-tion”（compete→competition 误写为 competeition）； 2.语境判断失误：未结合句中成分（如修饰名词需形容词，作宾语需名词）盲目变形； 3.特殊变形记忆缺失：如 “true→truly”“whole→wholly”“public→publicly” 等例外情况。 （2）语法类失分 1.介词固定搭配遗忘：如 “devote to”“contribute to” 中 to 为介词，后接 doing； 2.非谓语动词逻辑主语判断错误：如 “______ (see) from the top of the mountain, the city looks beautiful” 误填 Seeing（正确为 Seen）； 3.从句引导词滥用：定语从句中先行词为时间 / 地点，未区分 “作状语”（when/where）与 “作主语 / 宾语”（that/which）。 1.词汇层面：熟练掌握 12 类词性转换规则（含 80 个高频例外词），能在 3 秒内根据句中成分判断所需词性； 2.语法层面：全覆盖 7 大语法核心考点，掌握 “空格成分判断→考点匹配→答案验证” 解题逻辑； 3.应试层面：语法填空单题耗时≤1.5 分钟，正确率从 60% 提升至 90% 以上，词汇类考点零失误。 1.形容词→副词（考频最高，占词汇考点 35%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 例外情况（必记） 直接加 - ly 多数双音节 / 多音节形容词直接加 - ly，修饰动词 / 形容词 / 整个句子 quick→quickly； severe→severely； extreme→extremely full→fully； true→truly； whole→wholly 变 y 为 i 加 - ly 以 “辅音 + y” 结尾的形容词，y 变 i 加 - ly；“元音 + y” 直接加 - ly happy→happily； heavy→heavily； easy→easily shy→shyly； dry→dryly -le/-ble 结尾去 e 加 y 以 - le/-ble 结尾，去 e 加 y；部分以 - e 结尾直接加 - ly gentle→gently； possible→possibly；probable→probably flexible→flexibly；terrible→terribly -ic 结尾加 - ally 以 - ic 结尾（除 public 外），加 - ally，注意 “-ic+ally” 而非 “-ly” basic→basically； specific→specifically；scientific→scientifically public→publicly -ing/-ed 结尾直接加 - ly 分词形容词直接加 - ly，修饰动作或状态 surprising→surprisingly；excited→excitedly； hurried→hurriedly 无例外 2.名词→形容词（考频第二，占词汇考点 25%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 易混点对比 -y 后缀 抽象名词 / 物质名词加 - y，表 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 性质的” luck→lucky； fog→foggy； sun→sunny； taste→tasty wind→windy vs. wind→winding（蜿蜒的） -ful 后缀 名词加 - ful，表 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 的”，多为褒义 meaning→meaningful； care→careful； beauty→beautiful；function→functional helpful（有益的）vs. helpless（无助的） -less 后缀 名词加 - less，表 “无…… 的”，多为贬义 home→homeless； fear→fearless； harm→harmless； care→careless hope→hopeless vs. hopeful（有希望的） -al/-ial 后缀 名词加 - al/-ial，表 “与…… 相关的”“具有…… 性质的” center→central； addition→additional；profession→professional；nation→national tradition→traditional vs. historic（历史的） -ic/-ical 后缀 名词加 - ic/-ical，表 “与…… 有关的”“具有…… 特征的” energy→energetic； strategy→strategic； history→historic/historical historic（有历史意义的）vs. historical（历史上的） -ous 后缀 名词加 - ous，表 “充满…… 的”“具有…… 的”，多为书面语 courage→courageous； mystery→mysterious； danger→dangerous fame→famous vs. fame→fameful（罕见） -ble/-ible 后缀 名词加 - ble/-ible，表 “可…… 的”“能…… 的” access→accessible； change→changeable； reason→reasonable possible（可能的）vs. probable（很可能的） -en 后缀 物质名词加 - en，表 “由…… 制成的”“具有…… 性质的” wood→wooden； wool→woolen； gold→golden golden（金色的 / 宝贵的）vs. gold（金制的） 3.动词→形容词（考频第三，占词汇考点 18%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 核心区别（-ing/-ed） -ing 后缀 动词加 - ing，表 “令人…… 的”，修饰物 / 事，作定语 / 表语 surprise→surprising； excite→exciting； terrify→terrifying； interest→interesting -ing（修饰物）vs. -ed（修饰人） -ed 后缀 动词加 - ed，表 “感到…… 的”，修饰人，作表语 / 宾语补足语 surprise→surprised； excite→excited； embarrass→embarrassed；disappoint→disappointed 主语为人→ed；主语为物→ing -ful 后缀 动词加 - ful，表 “易于…… 的”“能…… 的”“充满…… 的” forget→forgetful； regret→regretful； help→helpful 与名词变形容词的 - ful 同源，需结合词根判断 -ble/-ible 后缀 动词加 - ble/-ible，表 “可…… 的”“能…… 的” accept→acceptable； adjust→adjustable； permit→permissible； access→accessible -ble（直接加）vs. -ible（特殊变形） -ive 后缀 动词加 - ive，表 “具有…… 性质的”“倾向于…… 的” protect→protective； explode→explosive； persuade→persuasive； act→active 多为形容词，部分可作名词（如 native） 4. 形容词→名词（考频第四，占词汇考点 12%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 特殊变形 -ness 后缀 形容词加 - ness，表 “性质”“状态”“程度”，多为不可数名词 kind→kindness； weak→weakness； thick→thickness； careless→carelessness happy→happiness； sad→sadness -cy 后缀 以 - t/-te/-ent/-ant 结尾的形容词加 - cy，表 “性质”“状态”“职位” efficient→efficiency； fluent→fluency； accurate→accuracy； private→privacy patient→patience；urgent→urgency -ty/-ity 后缀 形容词加 - ty/-ity，表 “性质”“状态”“程度”，多为抽象名词 safe→safety； honest→honesty； responsible→responsibility；able→ability possible→possibility； probable→probability -th 后缀 部分单音节形容词加 - th，表 “性质”“状态”“过程” strong→strength； warm→warmth； long→length； wide→width true→truth（特殊） -age 后缀 部分形容词加 - age，表 “状态”“数量”“集合” short→shortage； pass→passage； marry→marriage 注意 marry→marriage（去 y 加 - age） -dom 后缀 形容词加 - dom，表 “领域”“状态”“身份” free→freedom； wise→wisdom； king→kingdom wisdom（wise→wisdom，特殊变形） -ence/-ance 后缀 以 - ent/-ant 结尾的形容词加 - ence/-ance，表 “性质”“状态”“行为” different→difference；evident→evidence； important→importance；confident→confidence patient→patience（ence）vs. important→importance（ance） 5.动词→名词（考频第五，占词汇考点 10%） 规则分类 核心说明 高频示例（高考真题词） 特殊变形（必记） -tion/-sion 后缀 动词加 - tion/-sion，表 “行为”“结果”“状态”，多为抽象名词 correct→correction；celebrate→celebration；conclude→conclusion；admit→admission explain→explanation（去 i 加 - tion）；argue→argument（去 e 加 - ment） -er/-or 后缀 动词加 - er/-or，表 “人”（执行者），部分表 “物” drive→driver；sail→sailor；conduct→conductor；act→actor teach→teacher；visit→visitor；invent→inventor -ment 后缀 动词加 - ment，表 “行为”“结果”“工具”“机构” punish→punishment；achieve→achievement；argue→argument；treat→treatment equip→equipment（不可数）；govern→government -ance/-ence 后缀 动词加 - ance/-ence，表 “行为”“状态”“性质” appear→appearance；guide→guidance；prefer→preference；refer→reference differ→difference（ence）；exist→existence（ence） -ing 后缀 动词加 - ing，表 “行为”“过程”“结果”，可作可数 / 不可数名词 hear→hearing；begin→beginning；build→building；warn→warning run→running；swim→swimming（双写尾字母） -ure/-ture 后缀 动词加 - ure/-ture，表 “行为”“结果”“状态”，多为抽象名词 fail→failure；press→pressure；depart→departure；mix→mixture pleasure（please→pleasure）；structure（construct→structure） -y 后缀 动词加 - y，表 “行为”“状态”“结果”，多为不可数名词 recover→recovery；discover→discovery；inquire→inquiry 注意 discovery（去 e 加 - y） 1.冠词（考频 15%） （1）核心用法 类型 用法说明 易错点 不定冠词 a/an 1. 泛指 “一个”，修饰单数可数名词；. 固定搭配（a great many/a number of/an amount of）；2. 抽象名词具体化（a success/a failure） an 用于元音音素开头（an hour/an honest man），而非元音字母 定冠词 the 1. 特指（上文提到过 / 双方皆知 / 有定语修饰）；2. 序数词 / 最高级前；3. 专有名词前（the Great Wall/the United States）；4. 固定搭配（in the end/on the other hand） 抽象名词前不用 the（如 music，而非 the music） 零冠词 1. 复数可数名词 / 不可数名词泛指； 三餐 / 球类 / 学科前；. 固定搭配（at school/in bed/by bus） 固定搭配中冠词不可漏（如 in class，而非 in the class） （2） 例句解析 例1：______ company representative wrote back...（答案：A） 解析：泛指 “一位公司代表”，company 以辅音音素开头，用 a。 例2：It is not ______ matter of chance...（答案：a） 解析：固定搭配 “a matter of”，表 “一件…… 的事情”。 2.介词（考频 15%） （1）高频介词分类（按功能） 功能类型 核心介词 固定搭配（高考高频） 时间介词 in/on/at/for/since/by/until in the morning；on Sunday；at 3 o’clock；for 3 years；since 2020 地点介词 in/on/at/under/above/beside/between/among in the room；on the table；at the station；between A and B 逻辑介词 with/without/against/for/against/about/of/in with pleasure；without doubt；against the law；care for；think about 固定短语介词 in addition to/according to/thanks to/because of/in spite of thanks to his help；because of the rain；in spite of difficulty （2）易错介词对比 易混介词对 用法区别 例句 in vs. on 月份 / 年份 / 季节前用 in； 日期 / 星期 / 具体某天上午 / 下午用 on in March；on March 1st；on a cold morning between vs. among between 用于两者之间； among 用于三者及以上之间 between you and me；among the students for vs. since for 后接时间段； since 后接时间点 / 从句（一般过去时） for 5 years；since 2018；since I came here 3. 连词（考频 18%） （1）并列连词 类型 核心连词 用法说明 转折连词 but/however/yet/nevertheless 表前后语义转折，however 需用逗号隔开 因果连词 so/therefore/thus/as a result 表结果，therefore/thus 需用逗号隔开 并列连词 and/or/so and 表并列 / 顺承；or 表选择 / 否则；so 表结果 让步连词 although/though/even if/even though 表让步，although/though 不可与 but 连用 （2）从句引导词 从句类型 核心引导词 用法说明 定语从句 1. 指人：who/whom/whose/that； 2. 指物：that/which/whose； 3. 时间：when； 4. 地点：where；. 原因：why 先行词在从句中作主语 / 宾语用 that/which/who；作定语用 whose；作状语用 when/where/why 状语从句 1.时间：when/while/as/before/after/since；2. 原因：because/since/as； 3. 条件：if/unless/as long as； 4. 让步：although/though/even if； 5. 结果：so...that.../such...that... 注意 so + 形容词 / 副词；such + 名词短语 名词性从句 1. 主语从句：that/whether/what/who； 2.宾语从句：that/if/whether/what；3. 表语从句：that/what/whether； 4. 同位语从句：that/whether 宾语从句中 that 可省略；whether 可与 or not 连用，if 不可 4. 非谓语动词（考频 12%） （1）核心形式及用法 形式 结构 核心用法 doing 主动 / 进行 1. 作主语 / 宾语（enjoy/avoid/finish+doing）； 2. 作状语（主动关系）； 3.作定语（表功能 / 主动） done 被动 / 完成 1.作状语（被动关系）； 2.作定语（被动关系）； 3.作宾语补足语（被动） to do 目的 / 将来 / 主动 1. 作主语（It’s + adj. + to do）； 2. 作宾语（want/hope/decide+to do）； 3. 作状语（目的）； 4.作定语（将来） （2）非谓语动词判断三步法 1.分析句子成分：确定空格处是否为谓语（若已有谓语，必为非谓语）； 2.判断逻辑关系：空格处动作与逻辑主语（句子主语 / 被修饰词）的关系（主动→doing/to do；被动→done）； 3.确定功能：作状语（目的→to do；主动进行→doing；被动完成→done）；作定语（主动→doing；被动→done；将来→to do）；作宾语（固定搭配→doing/to do）。 （3）例句解析 例1：...digitally ______ (generate) pictures...（答案：generated） 解析：空格处作定语修饰 pictures，generate 与 pictures 为被动关系（图片被生成），故用 done 形式。 例2：...in order ______ (protect) the pandas...（答案：to protect） 解析：in order to do 表目的，故用 to do 形式。 5. 时态与语态（考频 8%） （1）高频时态核心用法 时态类型 时间标志词 用法说明 一般现在时 every day/usually/often/always/sometimes/in general 表经常性、习惯性动作；客观真理；现在的状态 一般过去时 yesterday/last week/in 2020/just now/ago 表过去发生的动作 / 状态，与现在无关 现在完成时 since/for/in the past few years/already/yet/ever/never 表过去发生的动作持续到现在；过去动作对现在造成的影响 过去进行时 at 8 o’clock yesterday/this time last week/while/when 引导的从句 表过去某一时刻 / 时间段正在进行的动作 一般将来时 tomorrow/next week/in the future/will/be going to 表将来发生的动作 / 状态 （2）语态核心用法 被动语态结构：be + done（根据时态变化 be 动词形式）； 高频考点：1. 及物动词才有被动语态（vi. 如 happen/occur 无被动）； 2.固定搭配的被动（be made to do/be seen to do）； 3. 主动表被动（如 sell well/write easily）。 （3）例句解析 例1：Its solar energy capacity ______ (explode) from...（答案：has exploded） 解析：时间状语 from 2010 to 2024，强调从过去持续到现在的变化，用现在完成时。 例2：The latest techniques ______ (apply) to create...（答案：are applied） 解析：techniques 与 apply 为被动关系（技术被应用），陈述客观事实用一般现在时被动。 6. 主谓一致（考频 3%） （1）核心规则 规则类型 说明 示例 语法一致 单数主语→单数谓语；复数主语→复数谓语 He plays football；They play football 意义一致 集合名词（family/team/group）表整体→单数；表成员→复数 The family is big；The family are having dinner 就近一致 there be/neither...nor.../either...or.../not only...but also...→就近原则 There is a book and two pens；Neither you nor he is right 特殊主语 1.分数 / 百分数 + 名词→根据名词单复数判断； 2.动名词 / 不定式作主语→单数； 3. 并列主语（and 连接）表同一概念→单数 70% of the students are boys；Reading is helpful；Bread and butter is my breakfast 7. 代词（考频 2%） （1）高频代词分类 类型 核心代词 用法说明 人称代词 I/you/he/she/it/we/they（主格）；me/you/him/her/it/us/them（宾格） 主格作主语；宾格作宾语 / 表语 物主代词 my/your/his/her/its/our/their（形容词性）；mine/yours/his/hers/its/ours/theirs（名词性） 形容词性物主代词 + 名词；名词性物主代词 = 形容词性物主代词 + 名词 不定代词 some/any/each/every/all/both/neither/either/none/something/anything some 用于肯定句 / 请求；any 用于否定句 / 疑问句；each 后接单数名词 / 谓语 反身代词 myself/yourself/himself/herself/itself/ourselves/yourselves/themselves 作宾语 / 表语 / 同位语，强调 “自身” 步骤 1：通读全文，把握主旨（30 秒） 核心目的：了解文章话题（如环保、文化、科技）、时态基调（如一般过去时叙述故事、一般现在时陈述事实）、逻辑结构（转折 / 因果 / 顺承）； 关键动作：圈画时间标志词（如 in 2024/since 2010）、逻辑连接词（如 but/so/however），初步判断时态和逻辑关系。 步骤 2：分析空格成分，判断考点类型（1 分钟） 空格特征 考点判断 示例 空格后为名词 可能为形容词（作定语）、冠词（a/an/the）、形容词性物主代词（my/their） ...______ (digital) generated pictures→形容词（digital→digitally？不，空格后为 generated（形容词），故空格为副词修饰形容词，考点：形容词变副词） 空格前为 be 动词 / 系动词 可能为形容词（作表语）、done（被动语态）、doing（进行时态） The structure stays ______ (close)→形容词（closed，系表结构） 空格前为介词 可能为名词（作宾语）、doing（介词 + doing） through ______ (innovate)→名词（innovation） 空格前后为两个句子 可能为连词（并列连词 / 从句引导词） He tried hard ______ he failed→转折连词（but） 空格处无提示词 可能为冠词、介词、连词、代词（必考 1-2 题） ______ company representative→冠词（a） 空格处有提示词 可能为词性转换（80%）、时态语态（15%）、非谓语动词（5%） ______ (strategy) placement→名词变形容词（strategic） 步骤 3：根据规则解题，精准变形 / 选择（30 秒） 词汇变形：按 “核心知识清单” 中的规则变形，注意例外情况（如 true→truly）； 语法考点：结合 “必考点清单”，如冠词判断 “泛指 / 特指”，介词判断 “固定搭配 / 语境逻辑”，连词判断 “句子关系”。 步骤 4：代入验证，检查逻辑与语法（10 秒） 检查维度：1. 词性是否正确（如修饰动词需副词）； 2.语法是否无误（如时态一致、主谓一致）； 3. 语义是否通顺（如连词是否符合逻辑）； 4. 拼写是否正确（如 - tion/-sion 后缀是否漏写）。 （1）词性转换解题技巧（语法填空词汇考点核心） 技巧 1：“瞻前顾后” 定词性 前看：空格前的词（如 be 动词→形容词，介词→名词 /doing）； 后看：空格后的词（如名词→形容词作定语，动词→副词作状语）。 示例：例题：______ (strategy) placement→后为名词 placement，故填形容词 strategic。 技巧 2：“固定搭配” 优先选 若空格前后有固定短语，优先按搭配变形，如 “be responsible for”→名词形式 “responsibility”，“be different from”→名词形式 “difference”。 示例：例题：the ______ (rich) of gardening→固定搭配 “the richness of”，故填 richness。 技巧 3：“语境逻辑” 补漏洞 若词性不明确，结合句意判断，如 “______ (apparent) he is right”→修饰整个句子，故填副词 apparently。 （2）非谓语动词解题技巧 技巧 1：“有谓语，非谓语” 若句子已有谓语动词（如 is/was/do/did），且无连词连接，空格处必为非谓语动词。 示例：例题：digitally ______ (generate) pictures→句子已有谓语 inspired，故填非谓语 generated。 技巧 2：“主动 doing，被动 done，目的 to do” 逻辑主语与动作主动关系→doing；被动关系→done；表目的→to do。 例题：______ (see) from the top→逻辑主语为 the city，被动关系→seen。 （3）连词解题技巧 技巧 1：“句子关系” 定连词 并列关系→and；转折关系→but/however；因果关系→so/therefore；让步关系→although/though。 例题：He is young ______ he is experienced→转折关系→but。 技巧 2：“从句类型” 定引导词 定语从句：先找先行词，指人→who/that，指物→that/which，表时间→when，表地点→where； 状语从句：表时间→when/while，表原因→because/since，表条件→if/unless。 例题：This is the place ______ I grew up→先行词为 place，作状语→where。 例 1：原文：You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ______ (guide) till they lose. 步骤 1：通读可知文章讲围棋，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格前为形容词性物主代词 your，后无名词，故判断为名词（作宾语）； 步骤 3：guide→名词 guidance（规则：动词变名词，-ance 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：follow your guidance（跟随你的引导），语义通顺，拼写正确。 答案：guidance 例 2：原文：The latest engineering techniques are applied to create this protective ______ (function) structure that is also beautiful. 步骤 1：文章讲建筑设计，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格后为名词 structure，故判断为形容词（作定语）； 步骤 3：function→形容词 functional（规则：名词变形容词，-al 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：functional structure（功能性结构），语义通顺。 答案：functional 例 3：原文：______ (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. 步骤 1：文章讲熊猫饲养，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格后为完整句子，故判断为副词（修饰整个句子）； 步骤 3：basic→副词 basically（规则：形容词变副词，-ic 结尾加 - ally）； 步骤 4：代入验证：Basically（基本上），语义通顺，首字母大写。 答案：Basically 例 4：原文：thanks to the ______ (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky afternoons. 步骤 1：文章讲乡村生活，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格前为定冠词 the，后为介词 of，故判断为名词（作宾语）； 步骤 3：absent→名词 absence（规则：形容词变名词，-ence 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：the absence of smog（没有烟雾），语义通顺。 答案：absence 例 5：原文：They all agreed and vowed to promote the idea at the ______ (complete) of their journey. 步骤 1：文章讲旅行环保，时态为一般过去时； 步骤 2：空格前为定冠词 the，后为介词 of，故判断为名词（作宾语）； 步骤 3：complete→名词 completion（规则：动词变名词，-tion 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：at the completion of（在…… 结束时），语义通顺。 答案：completion 例 6：原文：encasing hot, ______ (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat. 步骤 1：文章讲小笼包，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格后为名词 soup，故判断为形容词（作定语）； 步骤 3：taste→形容词 tasty（规则：名词变形容词，-y 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：tasty soup（美味的汤），语义通顺。 答案：tasty 例 7：原文：always leaving us ______ (astonish). 步骤 1：文章讲自然，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格前为 us（宾语），故判断为形容词（作宾语补足语）； 步骤 3：astonish→形容词 astonished（规则：动词变形容词，-ed 后缀，修饰人）； 步骤 4：代入验证：leaving us astonished（让我们惊讶），语义通顺。 答案：astonished 例 8：原文：I told him how ______ (harm) plastic could be to the environment. 步骤 1：文章讲环保，时态为一般过去时； 步骤 2：空格后为名词 plastic，前为 how，故判断为形容词（how + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语）； 步骤 3：harm→形容词 harmful（规则：名词变形容词，-ful 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：how harmful plastic could be（塑料有多有害），语义通顺。 答案：harmful 例 9：原文：providing a less expensive ______ (solve) to one-time event dressing. 步骤 1：文章讲服装租赁，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格前为形容词 expensive，故判断为名词（作宾语）； 步骤 3：solve→名词 solution（规则：动词变名词，-tion 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：a solution to（…… 的解决方案），语义通顺。 答案：solution 例 10：原文：its development through ______ (innovate), and its inclusiveness. 步骤 1：文章讲中国文化，时态为一般现在时； 步骤 2：空格前为介词 through，故判断为名词（作宾语）； 步骤 3：innovate→名词 innovation（规则：动词变名词，-tion 后缀）； 步骤 4：代入验证：development through innovation（通过创新实现的发展），语义通顺。 答案：innovation Passage 1 China has made great progress in renewable energy development. In recent years, the country’s wind power capacity has increased ______ (steady). Many ______ (factory) have started to use clean energy to reduce pollution. The government has also introduced ______ (vary) policies to encourage the use of new energy vehicles. ______ (basic), these efforts have helped China become a world leader in green development. People now are more ______ (aware) of environmental protection and are willing to take action. For example, more and more people choose to go to work by bike or on foot ______ than drive cars. This not only reduces carbon emissions but also improves their health. We believe that ______ (with) everyone’s efforts, China will achieve its carbon neutrality goal ______ (success) in the future. 答案与解析 1.steadily（形容词变副词，steady→steadily，修饰动词 increased） 2.factories（名词复数，factory→factories，many 后接复数） 3.various（动词变形容词，vary→various，修饰名词 policies） 4.Basically（形容词变副词，basic→basically，修饰整个句子，首字母大写） 5.aware（形容词，be aware of 为固定搭配） 6.rather（固定搭配 rather than，表 “而不是”） 7.with（介词，with everyone’s efforts，表 “在每个人的努力下”） 8.successfully（形容词变副词，success→successfully，修饰动词 achieve） Passage 2 The Silk Road, a historic trade route ______ (connect) Asia and Europe, has played a vital role in cultural exchange. For centuries, merchants from different countries traveled along this route, ______ (bring) goods and ideas. Today, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has revived this ancient route with ______ (innovate) cooperation models. The BRI aims to promote ______ (friend) between countries and achieve common development. One of the ______ (remark) achievements of the BRI is the construction of infrastructure projects. These projects have ______ (great) improved transportation and trade between regions. ______ (compare) with the ancient Silk Road, the BRI covers a wider area and involves more countries. It is ______ (evidence) that the BRI will continue to bring benefits to people around the world. We should learn from the ______ (wise) of our ancestors and cherish the opportunity to build a better future through ______ (cooperate). 答案与解析 1.connecting（非谓语动词，connect 与 route 为主动关系，用 doing） 2.bringing（非谓语动词，merchants 与 bring 为主动关系，用 doing） 3.innovative（动词变形容词，innovate→innovative，修饰名词 models） 4.friendship（形容词变名词，friend→friendship，作 promote 的宾语） 5.remarkable（动词变形容词，remark→remarkable，修饰名词 achievements） 6.greatly（形容词变副词，great→greatly，修饰动词 improved） 7.Compared（非谓语动词，compare 与 the BRI 为被动关系，用 done） 8.evident（名词变形容词，evidence→evident，it is evident that 为固定句型） 9.wisdom（形容词变名词，wise→wisdom，作 learn from 的宾语） 10.cooperation（动词变名词，cooperate→cooperation，作 through 的宾语） Passage 3 Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the ______ (strategy) placement of the pieces, and the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, and digital artworks. Go, a traditional Chinese board game with a history of over 4,000 years, is not just a game but a reflection of Chinese philosophy. It teaches players to think ______ (careful) about every step, as a single mistake can lead to ______ (fail). In recent years, Go has gained international popularity, ______ more and more people around the world are learning to play it. The key to mastering Go lies in understanding the balance between attack and defense, ______ requires both logical thinking and creative strategies. Many young people now regard Go as a way to improve ______ (they) concentration and decision-making skills. ______ (compare) with other board games, Go has simple rules but complex strategies. This is why it has been praised as “the game of kings” since ancient times. With the development of technology, online Go platforms have been created, ______ allow players to compete with others from different countries. These platforms have also made it easier for beginners to learn the game through video tutorials and practice matches. As Tu puts it, Go is a bridge ______ connects Chinese culture with the world. It shows the world the wisdom of ancient Chinese people and promotes cultural exchange ______ borders. 答案与解析 1.strategic（考点：名词变形容词，strategy→strategic，修饰名词 placement，符合 “名词 + 形容词 + 名词” 结构，真题同源考点：2025 全国 I 卷 63 题） 2.carefully（考点：形容词变副词，careful→carefully，修饰动词 think，规则：直接加 - ly） 3.failure（考点：动词变名词，fail→failure，作 lead to 的宾语，规则：-ure 后缀） 4.as（考点：连词，引导原因状语从句，表 “因为越来越多人学习围棋”，逻辑衔接上下文） 5.which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代前文 “the balance between attack and defense”，作主语，非限定性定语从句用 which） 6.their（考点：代词，形容词性物主代词修饰名词 concentration，they→their） 7.Compared（考点：非谓语动词，compare 与 Go 为被动关系，用 done 形式，固定结构 “compared with”） 8.which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 online Go platforms，作主语） 9.that/which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 a bridge，作主语，可省略 that/which） 10.beyond（考点：介词，beyond borders 表 “跨越国界”，符合语境逻辑） Passage 4 A company representative wrote back, saying that the shoes were ______ (actual) made for disabled people. He explained that the shoes were designed to help people with walking difficulties ______ (move) around more easily. The representative also mentioned that the company had spent years ______ (develop) the special sole, which could provide better support and balance. When Li heard this, he felt ______ (embarrass) about his mistake. He realized that he had judged the shoes ______ knowing their true purpose. Li immediately wrote an apology letter to the company, ______ (express) his regret for the misunderstanding. To his surprise, the company not only accepted his apology but also invited him to visit their factory. During the visit, Li saw how the shoes were made and learned about the company’s commitment to helping disabled people. He was deeply ______ (touch) by their kindness and dedication. Li later shared his experience on social media, ______ quickly went viral. Many people praised the company for their ______ (responsible) and Li for his honesty. This story shows that we should not judge things by their appearance; instead, we should try to understand the truth before ______ (make) a conclusion. 答案与解析 1.actually（考点：形容词变副词，actual→actually，修饰动词 made，规则：直接加 - ly） 2.(to) move（考点：非谓语动词，help sb. (to) do sth. 固定搭配，to 可省略） 3.developing（考点：非谓语动词，spend + 时间 +(in) doing sth. 固定搭配，develop→developing） 4.embarrassed（考点：动词变形容词，embarrass→embarrassed，修饰人，-ed 后缀表 “感到…… 的”） 5.without（考点：介词，表 “没有了解真实用途就判断”，逻辑否定） 6.expressing（考点：非谓语动词，express 与 Li 为主动关系，用 doing 作伴随状语） 7.touched（考点：非谓语动词，touch 与 he 为被动关系，be touched by 表 “被…… 感动”） 8.which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 his experience，作主语） 9.responsibility（考点：形容词变名词，responsible→responsibility，作介词 for 的宾语，规则：-ity 后缀） 10.making（考点：非谓语动词，before 为介词，后接 doing，make→making） Passage 5 The art of paper-cutting is one of China’s most precious intangible cultural heritages. It has a history of more than 1,500 years and is known ______ its beauty and simplicity. Paper-cutting works are usually made of red paper, ______ symbolizes good luck and happiness in Chinese culture. Skilled craftsmen use scissors or knives to cut paper into various ______ (shape), such as flowers, animals, and characters from folk stories. The process requires great patience and ______ (care) , as even a small mistake can ruin the whole work. In the past, paper-cutting was mainly used to decorate homes during festivals. Today, it has become a popular art form ______ attracts people of all ages. Many young artists are now ______ (innovate) the traditional art form by combining it with modern elements. For example, some artists use digital technology to create paper-cutting works, while others design paper-cutting patterns for clothing and accessories. These innovations have helped paper-cutting gain ______ (great) international visibility than before. Paper-cutting is not just an art form but also a carrier of Chinese culture. It reflects the ______ (wise) and creativity of the Chinese people. As more and more people around the world learn about paper-cutting, it will continue to play an important role in promoting cultural ______ (communicate) between China and other countries. We should cherish and protect this traditional art, ______ it is an important part of our cultural identity. 答案与解析 1.for（考点：介词，be known for 为固定搭配，表 “因…… 而闻名”） 2.which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 red paper，作主语） 3.shapes（考点：名词复数，various 后接复数名词，shape→shapes） 4.carefulness（考点：形容词变名词，careful→carefulness，作 requires 的宾语，规则：-ness 后缀） 5.that/which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 a popular art form，作主语） 6.innovating（考点：时态，现在进行时，are+doing，innovate→innovating） 7.greater（考点：形容词比较级，than 为比较级标志，great→greater） 8.wisdom（考点：形容词变名词，wise→wisdom，作 reflects 的宾语，特殊变形） 9.communication（考点：动词变名词，communicate→communication，作 promoting 的宾语，规则：-ion 后缀） 10.because（考点：连词，引导原因状语从句，表 “因为它是我们文化认同的重要部分”） Passage 6 When I was a child, my grandmother often told me stories about her life in the countryside. She said that life was hard in the past, but people were ______ (happy) than they are now. They grew their own food and raised animals, and they helped each other ______ difficult times. One of my favorite stories is about how my grandmother learned to read. She was born in a poor family and didn’t have the chance to go to school. But she was determined to learn, so she asked young people in the village ______ (teach) her. She spent every evening ______ (practice) reading and writing, and she never gave up even when she faced difficulties. After years of hard work, she finally learned to read and write ______ (fluent). My grandmother often says that knowledge is power. She believes that education can change people’s lives. ______ (influence) by her, I have always valued my studies. I work hard at school and try to learn as much as possible. Now my grandmother is old, but she still loves reading. She often reads books about history and culture, and she shares what she learns with me. I am grateful to my grandmother for ______ (teach) me the importance of education. She has not only given me love and care but also taught me valuable life ______ (lesson). This story shows that it is never too late to learn. No matter how old you are or what difficulties you face, you can always learn something new. ______ long as you have determination and perseverance, you will succeed. 答案与解析 1.happier（考点：形容词比较级，than 为比较级标志，happy→happier，变 y 为 i 加 - er） 2.in（考点：介词，in difficult times 为固定搭配，表 “在困难时期”） 3.to teach（考点：非谓语动词，ask sb. to do sth. 固定搭配） 4.practicing（考点：非谓语动词，spend + 时间 + doing sth. 固定搭配，practice→practicing） 5.fluently（考点：形容词变副词，fluent→fluently，修饰动词 read and write，规则：直接加 - ly） 6.Influenced（考点：非谓语动词，influence 与 I 为被动关系，用 done 形式，作状语） 7.teaching（考点：非谓语动词，for 为介词，后接 doing，teach→teaching） 8.lessons（考点：名词复数，valuable life lessons 表 “宝贵的人生教训”，lesson→lessons） 9.As（考点：连词，as long as 为固定搭配，表 “只要”） Passage 7 Pandas are one of the most beloved animals in the world. They are known for their black-and-white fur and gentle nature. Pandas live mainly in the mountainous areas of Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Gansu provinces in China. Their main food is bamboo, ______ makes up 99% of their diet. In the past, pandas were endangered due to habitat loss and ______ (pollute). However, thanks to the efforts of the Chinese government and conservationists, the number of pandas has increased ______ (steady) in recent years. The government has established many nature reserves to protect pandas’ habitats, and conservationists have carried out ______ (vary) programs to study and protect pandas. One of the most important programs is the panda breeding program. Scientists have been working hard to improve the breeding success rate of pandas in captivity. They have also been studying the behavior of wild pandas to better understand their needs. Thanks to these efforts, the number of wild pandas has increased from 1,114 in 2000 to over 1,800 now. Pandas are not only a national treasure of China but also a symbol of international ______ (cooperate) in conservation. Many countries have collaborated with China to protect pandas, and some zoos abroad have received pandas on loan. These collaborations have helped raise global awareness of wildlife conservation. ______ (protect) pandas is not just about saving a single species; it is about protecting the entire ecosystem. Pandas play an important role in maintaining the balance of the forest ecosystem. By protecting pandas, we are also protecting many other species that live in the same habitat. We believe that ______ continued efforts, pandas will have a bright future. And we hope that more people will join in the effort to protect wildlife and our planet. 答案与解析 1.which（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 bamboo，作主语） 2.pollution（考点：动词变名词，pollute→pollution，作 due to 的宾语，规则：-ion 后缀） 3.steadily（考点：形容词变副词，steady→steadily，修饰动词 increased，规则：直接加 - ly） 4.various（考点：动词变形容词，vary→various，修饰名词 programs，规则：-ous 后缀） 5.cooperation（考点：动词变名词，cooperate→cooperation，作介词 of 的宾语，规则：-ion 后缀） 6.Protecting（考点：非谓语动词，作主语，用 doing 形式，protect→protecting） 7.with（考点：介词，with continued efforts 为固定搭配，表 “随着持续的努力”） Passage 8 Last year, I participated in a volunteer program in a rural area. The program aimed to help children in poor villages improve their English skills. When I arrived there, I was shocked by the ______ (poor) of the village. The school had no proper classrooms, and the children had very few textbooks. But despite the difficult conditions, the children were very ______ (eagerness) to learn. I taught the children English for two months. During that time, I tried my best to make the classes ______ (interest). I used songs, games, and stories to help them learn new words and grammar. The children were very active in class and always asked questions. They also practiced English with each other after class. One of the most memorable experiences was when I organized an English party for the children. They sang English songs, performed short plays, and recited poems. Everyone had a great time, and the children’s faces were filled with ______ (smile). Before I left, the children gave me many handmade gifts, such as drawings and bracelets. They also wrote letters to me, ______ (express) their thanks. Reading their letters, I felt very ______ (touch). I realized that volunteer work is not just about helping others but also about gaining valuable experiences for myself. This volunteer experience has taught me a lot. It has made me more grateful for what I have and more aware of the needs of others. I also learned that even small acts of kindness can make a big difference in people’s lives. I hope to participate in more volunteer programs in the future and continue to help those ______ need. 答案与解析 1.poverty（考点：形容词变名词，poor→poverty，作 by 的宾语，特殊变形） 2.eager（考点：名词变形容词，eagerness→eager，作表语，规则：去 - ness 变形容词） 3.interesting（考点：动词变形容词，interest→interesting，修饰 classes，-ing 后缀表 “令人…… 的”） 4.smiles（考点：名词复数，filled with smiles 表 “充满微笑”，smile→smiles） 5.expressing（考点：非谓语动词，express 与 the children 为主动关系，用 doing 作伴随状语） 6.touched（考点：动词变形容词，touch→touched，修饰人，-ed 后缀表 “感到…… 的”） 7.in（考点：介词，in need 为固定搭配，表 “需要帮助的”） Passage 9 The Internet has changed the way we live, work, and communicate. It has made our lives more convenient and ______ (efficient). With the Internet, we can shop online, work from home, and keep in touch with friends and family ______ are far away. One of the most important impacts of the Internet is on education. Online learning platforms have made it possible for people to learn anytime and anywhere. Students can take online courses, watch educational videos, and access a wealth of learning resources. Teachers can also use the Internet to design ______ (interact) lessons and communicate with students more effectively. However, the Internet also has some negative effects. For example, some people spend too much time ______ (surf) the Internet, which affects their work and study. Others may be exposed to bad information, such as violence and pornography. In addition, online privacy has become a major concern. Many people worry about their personal information being stolen or misused. To make the most of the Internet, we need to use it ______ (responsible). We should set limits on our Internet use and avoid accessing bad information. We should also protect our personal information by using strong passwords and avoiding sharing sensitive data online. The Internet is a powerful tool that can bring many benefits. But it is up to us to use it wisely. By ______ (balance) the advantages and disadvantages of the Internet, we can make it work for us and create a better digital life. 答案与解析 1.more efficient（考点：形容词比较级，and 连接并列结构，与 more convenient 一致，efficient→more efficient） 2.who/that（考点：定语从句引导词，指代 friends and family，作主语） 3.interactive（考点：动词变形容词，interact→interactive，修饰 lessons，规则：-ive 后缀） 4.surfing（考点：非谓语动词，spend + 时间 + doing sth. 固定搭配，surf→surfing） 5.responsibly（考点：形容词变副词，responsible→responsibly，修饰动词 use，规则：-ly 后缀） 6.balancing（考点：非谓语动词，by 为介词，后接 doing，balance→balancing） Passage 10 I first met Li Ming at a friend’s birthday party. He was ______ (quiet) and didn’t talk much, but I could tell that he was a kind and friendly person. We exchanged phone numbers and started chatting online. As we got to know each other better, I learned that Li Ming is passionate about photography. He loves taking photos of nature, people, and everyday life. He often shares his photos with me, and I am always ______ (amaze) by his talent. Li Ming’s photos are not just beautiful but also ______ (meaning). They tell stories and reflect his unique perspective on life. Last summer, Li Ming invited me to go hiking with him. We went to a mountainous area where there were many beautiful scenic spots. Li Ming brought his camera and took many photos along the way. He also taught me some photography skills, such as how to choose the right angle and how to use natural light ______ (effective). During the hike, we talked about our dreams and aspirations. Li Ming told me that he wants to become a professional photographer and travel around the world to take photos. He also wants to use his photos to raise awareness of environmental protection. I was deeply inspired by his ______ (determine) and passion. Since then, we have become good friends. We often go hiking, take photos, and share our ideas with each other. Li Ming has taught me a lot, not just about photography but also about life. He has shown me that it is important to follow your dreams and never give up, no matter how difficult the journey may be. I am grateful to have such a good friend. He has made my life more ______ (color) and meaningful. 答案与解析 1.quiet（考点：形容词，作表语，quiet 为原形） 2.amazed（考点：动词变形容词，amaze→amazed，修饰人，-ed 后缀表 “感到…… 的”） 3.meaningful（考点：名词变形容词，meaning→meaningful，与 beautiful 并列，规则：-ful 后缀） 4.effectively（考点：形容词变副词，effective→effectively，修饰动词 use，规则：直接加 - ly） 5.determination（考点：动词变名词，determine→determination，作 by 的宾语，规则：-ation 后缀） 6.colorful（考点：名词变形容词，color→colorful，修饰名词 life，规则：-ful 后缀） Passage 11 Zhang Wei is a young scientist who has devoted his life to ______ (research) renewable energy. He believes that renewable energy is the key to solving the world’s energy and environmental problems. Zhang Wei grew up in a small town in northern China. As a child, he often saw the sky covered with smog in winter. This made him realize the importance of environmental protection. He decided to study science and technology to find ways to reduce pollution. After graduating from university, Zhang Wei joined a research team. He and his colleagues have been working on developing new types of solar panels. They have spent years ______ (test) different materials and designs to improve the efficiency of solar panels. Their hard work has paid off. They have successfully developed a new type of solar panel that is more efficient and ______ (cheap) than traditional ones. The new solar panel has many advantages. It can convert more sunlight into electricity, and it is more durable. It also uses less energy to produce, which makes it more environmentally friendly. Zhang Wei and his team hope that their invention will be widely used in homes, factories, and public buildings. In addition to his research work, Zhang Wei also gives lectures at universities and conferences. He wants to inspire more young people to pursue careers in science and technology. He believes that young people have the creativity and energy to make ______ (great) contributions to the world. Zhang Wei’s story shows that perseverance and passion are essential for success. By following his dreams and working hard, he has made important contributions to renewable energy development. He is a role model for young people around the world. 答案与解析 1.researching（考点：非谓语动词，devote to doing sth. 固定搭配，research→researching） 2.testing（考点：非谓语动词，spend + 时间 + doing sth. 固定搭配，test→testing） 3.cheaper（考点：形容词比较级，than 为比较级标志，cheap→cheaper） 4.greater（考点：形容词比较级，修饰名词 contributions，great→greater，暗含与过去对比） Passage 12 I live in a small city in southern China. There is a park near my home where I often go for a walk. The park is beautiful, with many trees, flowers, and a small lake. It is a popular place for people to exercise and relax. Last weekend, I went to the park as usual. When I arrived, I saw a group of children ______ (play) football on the grass. Their laughter filled the air. I sat down on a bench and watched them. Suddenly, I noticed a little boy crying. I went over to him and asked what was wrong. He told me that he had lost his way and couldn’t find his parents. I tried to calm him down and asked him for his parents’ phone numbers. But he couldn’t remember them. I decided to help him find his parents. We walked around the park, and I asked people if they had seen a couple looking for a little boy. After about half an hour, we met a woman who was ______ (anxiety) looking for her son. The little boy recognized his mother and ran to her. The woman thanked me repeatedly. She told me that she had been looking for her son for a long time and was very worried. I felt very happy to have helped them. It was a small act of kindness, but it made me realize that helping others can bring great ______ (happy). Since then, I have tried to help others as much as possible. I have helped elderly people cross the street, picked up litter in the park, and volunteered at community events. Each time I help others, I feel a sense of ______ (achieve). This experience has taught me that we should always be ready to help others. No matter how small the act of kindness may be, it can make a difference in someone’s life. We should also teach our children to be kind and helpful, so that our society becomes more ______ (harmony) and caring. 答案与解析 1.playing（考点：非谓语动词，see sb. doing sth. 固定搭配，表 “看到某人正在做某事”） 2.anxiously（考点：形容词变副词，anxiety→anxiously，修饰动词 looking，规则：-ly 后缀） 3.happiness（考点：形容词变名词，happy→happiness，作 bring 的宾语，规则：-ness 后缀） 4.achievement（考点：动词变名词，achieve→achievement，作 of 的宾语，规则：-ment 后缀） 5.harmonious（考点：名词变形容词，harmony→harmonious，作表语，规则：-ious 后缀） 1.词性转换特殊变形易错点 易错类型 典型例词（真题高频） 错误形式 正确形式 记忆技巧 形容词→副词例外情况 true； whole；public；simple true→truely； whole→wholy； public→publically；simple→simplely true→truly； whole→wholly； public→publicly；simple→simply 口诀：“e 结尾去 e 加 ly（true→truly），-ic 结尾加 ally（public 除外）” 动词→名词特殊变形 explain；argue； vary；succeed explain→explaination；argue→arguement； vary→variety（名词）；succeed→succession explain→explanation；argue→argument； vary→variety； succeed→success 注意 “去 e / 去 ue” 变形：explain（去 i）→explanation；argue（去 e）→argument 名词→形容词易混后缀 history；industry；danger；courage history→historic（表 “历史的”）；industry→industrial（表 “工业的”）；danger→dangerous；courage→courageous historic（有历史意义的）vs. historical（历史上的）；industrial（工业的）；dangerous（危险的）；courageous（勇敢的） 区分 “-ic/-ical”：有特指意义用 historic，泛指用 historical 形容词→名词特殊变形 poor；wise；ill；strong poor→poor；wise→wise；ill→illness（正确）；strong→strong poor→poverty；wise→wisdom；ill→illness；strong→strength 单音节形容词变名词多为特殊变形，需单独记忆 2.语境词性判断易错点 易错场景 例句 错误答案 正确答案 判断依据 修饰形容词需副词 ______ (digital) generated pictures digital（形容词） digitally（副词） 空格后为形容词 generated，需副词修饰形容词 介词后需名词 /doing through ______ (innovate) innovate（动词）/innovative（形容词） innovation（名词） through 为介词，后接名词作宾语 系动词后需形容词 The structure stays ______ (close) closely（副词） closed（形容词） stay 为系动词，后接形容词作表语 固定搭配中词性固定 the ______ (rich) of gardening rich（形容词）/richness（正确） richness（名词） 固定搭配 “the + 名词 + of”，rich→richness 1.冠词易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 避错技巧 元音音素 vs. 元音字母 ______ honest man a an 看发音不看字母：honest/hour 以元音音素开头 抽象名词具体化 It is ______ great success 零冠词 a 抽象名词（success）前有形容词修饰，表 “一件…… 的事”，用 a 固定搭配中冠词遗漏 in ______ end 零冠词 the 固定搭配 “in the end”，冠词不可省略 专有名词前冠词滥用 ______ Great Wall 零冠词 the 普通名词构成的专有名词前加 the 2.介词易错点 易错类型 易混介词对 例句 正确答案 记忆技巧 时间介词混淆 in vs. on vs. at ______ the morning of June 1st on 具体某天上午 / 下午用 on，月份 / 年份用 in，时刻用 at 逻辑介词混淆 against vs. for vs. with fight ______ pollution against against 表 “对抗”，for 表 “支持”，with 表 “伴随” 固定搭配中介词错误 devote to vs. contribute to He devotes himself ______ teaching to（后接 doing） to 为介词，后接名词 /doing，而非 to do 地点介词混淆 in vs. at vs. on ______ the station at 小地点用 at，大地点用 in，表面用 on 3.非谓语动词易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 避错步骤 逻辑主语判断错误 ______ (see) from the top Seeing Seen 1. 找逻辑主语（the city）；2. 判断关系（被动）；3. 选 done 固定搭配后非谓语错误 avoid ______ (make) mistakes to make making 记忆 “后接 doing 的动词”：avoid/finish/enjoy/mind 目的状语误用 doing He came ______ (visit) me visiting to visit 表目的用 to do，不用 doing 分词形容词混淆 The news made us ______ (excite) exciting excited 修饰人用 - ed，修饰物用 - ing 4.从句引导词易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 判断技巧 定语从句中 when/where vs. that/which This is the place ______ I worked which where 先行词 place 在从句中作状语（I worked in the place），用 where 名词性从句中 what vs. that ______ he said is true That What 从句中缺宾语（said sth.），用 what；不缺成分用 that 状语从句中 because vs. so He stayed at home ______ he was ill so because because 表原因，so 表结果，不可连用 非限定性定语从句中 that vs. which He bought a book, ______ is interesting that which 非限定性定语从句不用 that，用 which 5.时态与语态易错点 易错类型 例句 错误答案 正确答案 时间标志词 / 逻辑依据 现在完成时 vs. 一般过去时 He ______ (live) here since 2010 lived has lived 时间标志词 since，用现在完成时 主动表被动误用 The book ______ (sell) well is sold sells 不及物动词（sell/write/read）主动表被动 被动语态中 be 动词遗漏 The letter ______ (write) yesterday wrote was written 被动语态结构：be+done，结合时态（一般过去时） 主谓一致错误 70% of the land ______ (be) covered with water are is 分数 + 不可数名词（land），谓语用单数 1.词汇变形口诀 形容词变副词：直接加 ly 最常见，辅音加 y 变 i 加 ly，le 结尾去 e 加 y，ic 结尾加 ally（public 除外）； 名词变形容词：y/ful/less/al，ous/ble/ible，根据含义来选择，-ful 表满 - less 表无； 动词变名词：tion/sion/ment，er/or 表人 / 物，ing 表过程，ance/ence 表状态； 特殊变形：true→truly，wise→wisdom，poor→poverty，单独记忆不忘记。 2.语法填空口诀 无提示词：冠介连代跑不了，冠词泛指 a/an 特指 the，介词固定 + 语境，连词看句子关系，代词看成分； 有提示词：词性转换占八成，时态语态非谓语，变形先看前后词，成分判断是关键； 解题四步：通读定基调，分析判考点，变形 / 选择遵规则，代入验逻辑。 复习阶段 时间安排 核心任务 检测方式 改进措施 基础巩固期（1-2 周） 每天 30 分钟 背诵 12 类词性转换规则 + 80 个高频例外词；完成基础巩固层 15 篇训练 每篇错误≤2 题 错误题标注考点，补充同类词记忆 能力提升期（3-4 周） 每天 45 分钟 精练能力提升层 20 篇训练；总结易错点；背诵固定搭配 每篇错误≤3 题 建立错题本，按考点分类整理 真题冲刺期（5-6 周） 每天 60 分钟 完成真题精练层 10 篇；限时训练（单篇≤15 分钟）；复盘错题 正确率≥85% 分析错题原因，针对性强化薄弱考点 考前保温期（最后 1 周） 每天 20 分钟 背诵核心口诀；翻看错题本；1 篇真题限时训练 单篇错误≤1 题 保持手感，避免遗忘核心规则 1.时间分配 通读全文：30 秒，把握主旨和时态； 逐题解题：10 题≤15 分钟，单题≤1.5 分钟； 检查核对：2 分钟，重点检查拼写、词性、语法一致性。 2.避错技巧 圈画关键词：时间标志词（since/for/ago）、逻辑连接词（but/so/however）、固定搭配提示词； 优先做有提示词题：词性转换题占比高（45%），先完成保证基础分； 无提示词题别空着：冠词、介词、连词为高频考点，根据语境大胆推测； 检查维度：拼写（后缀是否正确）、词性（修饰关系是否正确）、语法（时态 / 语态 / 主谓一致）、逻辑（连词是否通顺）。 1.我的薄弱考点：________________________________________________________________ 2.我最易混淆的词汇变形：________________________________________________________ 3.我需要强化的固定搭配：________________________________________________________ 4.我的错题本重点：______________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $