Unit 4 Period 3 Grammar-【新课程能力培养】2025-2026学年高中英语必修第三册学习手册（人教版）

N 高中英语必修第三册（人教版） Period 3 动词不定式作定语 动词不定式作定语，修饰其前面的名词 或代词，也叫中心词，动词不定式跟中心词有 逻辑关系，大致分为主谓关系、动宾关系、同 位关系和状语关系等。 一、主谓关系 不定式的动作是由不定式所修饰的中心 词来执行的，可以改成定语从句。 1.不定式还可用来修饰人。 He is a man to finish his task best. >He is a man who has finished his task best. 他是完成任务最好的人。 He was a brave man to do what he did. -He was a brave man who could do what he did. 他是个敢做敢当的勇敢之人。 2.不定式常用来修饰物，表示某事要做。 The next train to arrive was from New York. ->The next train which would arrive was from New York. 下一列到站的火车是从纽约开来的。 The world mathematics conference to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success. ->The world mathematics conference which is going to take place in Beijing next month is bound to be a great success. 下个月将在北京召开的世界数学大会一 62)学 Grammar 定会取得圆满成功。 二、动宾关系 不定式所修饰的中心词跟不定式有动宾 关系的，可改成定语从句。跟主谓关系一样， 不定式修饰的既可以是人，也可以是物。不 定式动作的执行者可能是句子的主语，也可 能是句子的宾语：有时不定式动作的执行者 暗含在上下文中；有时用for somebody/some- thing指出动作的执行者；有时不知道动作的 执行者。 1.及物动词不定式：动词不定式直接放 在所修饰的中心词之后。 Do you have anything to say (=which you will have to say)? 你有什么要说的吗？ This is a delicious cake for you to eat ( which you can eat). 这是一个给你吃的美味蛋糕。 2.不及物动词不定式：由于不定式跟中 心词有动宾关系，因此不及物动词或短语之 后应该使用相应的介词。 She has a room to live in. 她有一间房子住。 He has a child to take care of. 他有一个孩子要照顾。 3.有些名词接不定式作定语，可以省略 介词，如place,.reason,time,way等。 Is that the way to do it (=in which/that it can be done)? 这是做这件事情的方法吗？ You need a place to sleep (where/in which you can sleep). 你需要一个睡觉的地方。 It is time to go to bed (at which/when we went to bed). 到了该上床睡觉的时间。 4.不定式所修饰的名词，可以是及物动 词的宾语、双宾语动词的宾语，也可以是及物 动词短语的宾语。 He found no good music to enjoy. 他发现没有好音乐可欣赏。(music是及 物动词found的宾语) They brought her some clothes to wash. 他们带给她一些要洗的衣服。(clothes 是双宾语动词brought的直接宾语) She looked for some interesting novels to read. 她找到一些有趣的小说来阅读。(novels 是动词短语looked for的宾语) 三、同位关系 不定式跟中心词有同位关系。这类名词 一般都只能用不定式作定语。 1.某些由同源动词转变而来的名词，同 源动词以不定式作宾语，同源名词则以不定 式作定语，不定式跟中心词是同位关系。这 样只能以不定式作定语的名词有ability,anxi- ety,attempt,curiosity,decision,desire,disposi- tion,failure,freedom,inclination,obligation,of- fer,permission,plan,promise,refusal,reluc- tance,temptation,tendency,willingness,wish, yearning等。 I have no wish to quarrel (don't wish to quarrel)with you. UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION 我并不希望跟你吵架。 Their decision to leave (=That they decid- ed to leave)was very annoying. 他们决定走叫人心烦。 You haven't kept your promise to write ( promised to write)us regularly. 你没有遵守给我们经常写信的诺言。 2.某些以不定式作状语的形容词，派生 转化为同源名词后，也可以用不定式作定语。 不定式跟这个名词中心词也是同位关系。在 这种结构中，不能用分词形式。 Her anxiety to succeed led her to work hard. 她迫切想成功，这促使她努力工作。 His ability to get on with people is his chief advantage. 他能和人相处是他的主要优势。 四、状语关系 中心词接上适当的介词可以看成是不定 式的状语。 1.修饰某些抽象名词的不定式，也可以 使用介词接动名词的方式。这类名词通常表 示抽象概念，后面用动词不定式作定语，解释 中心词的内容。这样的名词有ambition,.cam paign,chance,honor,mood,need,necessity, plan,opportunity,reason,right,time,way Give me your reasons to go/for going there. 告诉我你去那儿的理由。 He told me his plan to buy/for buying a villa 他跟我说，他计划买栋别墅。 I had no chance to speak/of speaking to him. 学(63 高中英语必修第三册（人教版） 我没机会跟他讲话。 2.不及物动词加介词的不定式作定语， 可以改成：介词+whom/which+todo结构。 Please give me a seat to sit on/on which to sit. 请给我一个座位坐。 He's looking for a place to live in/in which to live. 他在找住的地方。 用法概述 (1)作日的状语： I came here to see you. 我是来看你的。 To stop the train,pull the lever downwards. 要使火车停下来，就把操纵杆向下拉。 目的状语还可以用如下表达法： 肯定： to in order to+动词原形 so as to I come to see her.=I come in order to see her.=I come so as to see her. that so that +主语+may/might+动词原形 in order that I come that I may see her.=I come in or- der that I may see her.=I come so that I may see her. 否定： not to in order not to+动词原形 so as not to 64 that so that +主语+may/might-+not+动词原形 in order that He went away not to see me. =He went away in order not to see me. =He went away so as not to see me. =He went away in order that he might not see me. =He went away that he might not see me. =He went away so that he might not see me. in order to,in order that so as to,so that的区别 ①so as to和in order to的汉语意思是一 样的，都是“为的是，为了”。它们的用法也是 一样的，都可以用来引导目的状语。它们的 不同之处就在于so as to只能用在句末，但in order to可以用在句首或句末。 He got up very early in order to/so as to catch the first bus. In order to catch the first bus,he got up very early.(此时不能用so as to) ②in order to一般用in order that+-从句来 替换；而so as to一般用so that-+从句来替换。 in order that可以放在句首，so that和so as to 不能放在句首。 当这两个短语后的不定式动词的逻辑主 语和句子的主语一致时，“in order to/so as to +不定式”可以简化为“不定式”。 In order to get to school on time,he got up earlier.这个句子可以表达为下列几种形式： In order that he could get to school on time, he got up earlier. He got up earlier in order to get to school on time. He got up earlier in order that he could get to school on time. He got up earlier so as to get to school on time. He got up earlier so that he could get to school on time. To get to school on time,he got up earlier. (这种不定式有时可以表示目的以外的状语) 注意：不定式本身有自己的主语时，可用 “for..to”来表示。 My father bought a new book for me to read. （2)作结果状语： He hurried to the school to find nobody there. What have I done to offend you? 结果状语还可以用如下表达法： 「asto+动词原形)（表示正面的结 (ad.】 S0+ that+主语+can/ 果，意为“如 adv.) could+动词原形此…以至于”) (ad.)+enough to+)(表示正面的结果，意 (ad.动词原形为“如此…以至于”)》 He studied so hard as to pass the examina- tion. He studied so hard that he could pass the examination =He studied hard enough to pass the exa- mination 注意：enough与形容词或副词连用时，要 置于形容词或副词之后。 The water is warm enough for us to swim. UNIT 4 SPACE EXPLORATION I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it. enough可置于名词前作修饰语，在正式 语体中有时可以放在名词后。 Have you got enough room/room enough to seat all of us? （ad.) (ad.）+that+主语+cannot too+ +to...=$0+ adv. (ad.)+动词原形 (ad.)+enough to+(表示相反的结果，意为 =not+ (ad.)动词原形“太…以致不能”) You are too young to learn to drive. You are so young that you can't learn to drive. =You are not old enough to learn to drive. such as to.和such..asto及such that.. 和such..that..的区别 ①such有两种词性：名词性的不定代词 和形容词。正是由于词性不同，所以在表示 “如此…以至于”这种意思时就出现了两 种不同的结构。 such as to..中的such属于不定代词，指 代上文提到过的人或事物，意思是“这样的 人/如此的事物”。 The case has been such as to prove true. 情况已经如此，以致证明是真实的。 Their anxiety was such as for them not to be able to sleep. 他们如此焦虑，以致难以入睡。 ②such..asto..中的such属于形容词， 需要放在名词前作定语，意思是“这样的/如 此的…”。 We are not such fools as to believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人，以至于能够相 (65 N 高中英语必修第三册（人教版） 信他。 She had such a fright as to faint. 她如此吃惊以致吓得昏了过去。 such as to和such..asto中，如果把不定 式加上主语改为结果状语从句，就变成了 such that..和such..that..。以下就是上面句 子改写成的从句： The case has been such that it can prove true. 情况已经如此，以致（情况）证明是真 实的。 Their anxiety was such that they could not sleep. 66)学 他们如此焦虑，以致（他们）难以入睡。 We are not such fools that we can believe him. 我们不是那样的蠢人，以致（我们）能够 相信他。 She had such a fright that she fainted. 她如此吃惊以致（她）吓得昏了过去。 表示令人意外的结果用only+to find/dis- cover//realize等。 He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet. They queued for hours at the box office on- ly to discover that the tickets were all sold out.