内容正文:
2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 2 Growing pains and gains语法讲练
目录
第一部分 语法知识清单锁定基础 高效学习
第二部分 核心考点讲练用法精析 变式巩固
第三部分 语法强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 语法知识清单
一般过去时被动语态(Passive in the simple past)
一、定义与用法
一般过去时被动语态是被动语态的重要时态形式,专门用于描述“在过去某个具体时间点或时间段内,主语承受来自外界的某个动作”的状态。它的核心逻辑是“被动承受”,区别于主动语态的“主动发出”,当我们的表达重点不在动作的发出者,而在动作的承受者时,就适合使用这一时态的被动语态。其核心用法场景可分为以下两类,结合具体语境更易理解:
当动作的承受者是句子强调的核心,且动作执行者未知、难以确定,或者没有必要明确提及的时候。比如我们只关注“会议是否被召开”,而不关心“谁召开的会议”,就可以用被动语态;
当需要突出动作承受者的状态、遭遇或经历,让读者或听者更关注承受者本身时。比如描述“古老的建筑被保护得很好”,重点是强调“古老建筑”的状态,而非“保护者”的行为。
例如
The letter was written yesterday.(这封信是昨天写的。)—— 这句话的重点是“这封信”以及“昨天被写”这个事实,我们不需要知道具体是谁写了这封信,所以用被动语态简洁且精准地突出了核心信息。
Many old houses were pulled down last year.(很多老房子去年被拆除了。)—— 这里重点强调“老房子”的遭遇,无需提及“拆除老房子的人”,符合被动语态的用法场景。
二、基本结构
一般过去时被动语态的核心结构是“was/were + 动词过去分词”,不同句式(肯定、否定、疑问、特殊疑问)的结构变化均围绕这一核心展开,具体如下:
1. 肯定句:主语 + was / were + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)
was 用于主语是单数名词(如 the book、a dog)、不可数名词(如 water、milk)或人称代词单数(he/she/it);were 用于主语是复数名词(如 the students、some trees)或人称代词复数(we/you/they);by 引出动作执行者,可根据是否需要强调执行者决定是否省略。例如:
①The window was broken by Tom.(窗户是汤姆打破的。)—— 明确执行者Tom,用by引出;
② The meeting was held at 3 p.m. yesterday.(会议昨天下午3点召开的。)—— 无需提及执行者,省略by短语。
2. 否定句:主语 + was / were + not + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)
否定形式直接在was/were后加not,was not可缩写为wasn’t,were not可缩写为weren’t,缩写形式更口语化、常用。例如:
① The letter was not (wasn’t) sent yesterday.(这封信昨天没寄出去。)
② These books were not (weren’t) borrowed by him.(这些书不是他借的。)
3. 疑问句:Was / Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)?
疑问句需将was/were提到主语前面,句末用问号。回答时直接用Yes或No,后接相应的肯定或否定结构。例如:
①— Was the cake made by your mom?(这个蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗?)— Yes, it was.(是的,是她做的。)/ No, it wasn’t.(不,不是。)
② — Were the trees planted last spring?(这些树是去年春天种的吗?)— Yes, they were.(是的。)/ No, they weren’t.(不是。)
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)?
特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词(如when、where、who、why、how等)”开头,后接一般疑问句的结构。其中who引导的特殊疑问句,若询问执行者,可直接用who提问,此时by可省略。例如:
① When was the new school built?(这所新学校什么时候建成的?)
② Who was the report written by?(这份报告是谁写的?)= By whom was the report written?(更正式的表达,初中阶段重点掌握前一种)
③ Where were the photos taken?(这些照片是在哪里拍的?)
三、常见标志词
一般过去时被动语态的时态特征由时间标志词体现,常见的标志词可分为几类,方便大家记忆和判断,具体如下:
1. 明确的“昨天及前天”相关:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天上午/下午/晚上)、the day before yesterday(前天);
例析:
The homework was finished yesterday.(作业昨天完成了。)—— 标志词yesterday提示动作发生在过去,主语the homework(作业)是动作finish(完成)的承受者,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + finished”
A new park was opened yesterday afternoon.(一个新公园昨天下午开放了。)—— 标志词yesterday afternoon明确过去的具体时间段,主语a new park(新公园)是动作open(开放)的承受者,用“was + opened”体现被动关系;
The letter was received the day before yesterday.(这封信前天收到了。)—— 标志词the day before yesterday指向过去时间,主语the letter(信)与动作receive(收到)是被动关系,用“was + received”符合时态和语态要求。
2. 明确的“过去时间段”相关:last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、last Monday/Tuesday(上周一/周二,具体星期)、last spring/summer(去年春天/夏天,具体季节);
例析:
A sports meeting was held last week.(一场运动会上周举行了。)—— 标志词last week提示动作发生在过去的时间段内,主语a sports meeting(运动会)是动作hold(举行)的承受者,无法主动“举行”自己,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + held”
Some new books were bought last month.(一些新书上个月被买了。)—— 标志词last month明确过去时间,主语some new books(新书)是动作buy(买)的承受者,用“were + bought”体现被动关系,同时主语是复数,对应were
Many flowers were planted last spring.(很多花去年春天被种了。)—— 标志词last spring指向过去的季节,主语many flowers(花)与动作plant(种植)是被动关系,复数主语搭配were,过去分词用planted,符合语法规则。
3. 明确的“过去年份或时间点”相关:in 2023(在2023年)、in 1998(在1998年)、at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon(昨天下午5点,具体过去时间点);
例析:
A new library was built in 2023.(一座新图书馆在2023年建成了。)—— 标志词in 2023明确动作发生在过去的年份,主语a new library(新图书馆)是动作build(建造)的承受者,无法主动完成“建造”动作,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + built”
This famous school was founded in 1998.(这所著名的学校建于1998年。)—— 标志词in 1998指向过去年份,主语this famous school(这所著名学校)与动作found(建立)是被动关系,单数主语搭配was,found的过去分词是founded,符合语法要求;
The speech contest was held at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon.(演讲比赛在昨天下午5点举行了。)—— 标志词at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon明确了过去的具体时间点,主语the speech contest(演讲比赛)是动作hold(举行)的承受者,用“was + held”体现一般过去时的被动关系。
4. “刚刚、不久前”相关:just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻之前)、a few minutes ago(几分钟前)、recently(最近,可与一般过去时或现在完成时连用,此处侧重一般过去时用法);
例析:
The blackboard was cleaned just now.(黑板刚才被擦干净了。)—— 标志词just now提示动作发生在“刚刚”,属于过去时间,主语the blackboard(黑板)是动作clean(擦)的承受者,无法主动“擦”自己,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + cleaned”;
A notice was put up a moment ago.(一张通知片刻前被张贴了。)—— 标志词a moment ago指向过去不久的时间,主语a notice(通知)与动作put up(张贴)是被动关系,单数主语搭配was,put的过去分词是put,故用“was + put”;
Some mistakes were found a few minutes ago.(几分钟前发现了一些错误。)—— 标志词a few minutes ago明确过去的短时间前,主语some mistakes(错误)是动作find(发现)的承受者,复数主语对应were,find的过去分词是found,因此用“were + found”;
The old street was repaired recently.(这条老街最近被修缮了。)—— 标志词recently此处侧重一般过去时用法,说明“修缮”动作发生在过去,主语the old street(老街)是动作repair(修缮)的承受者,单数主语搭配was,过去分词用repaired,符合一般过去时被动语态要求。
注意:看到这些标志词时,若句子主语是动作的承受者,就大概率需要用一般过去时被动语态。示例:The experiment was done a few minutes ago.(这个实验几分钟前做的。)—— 标志词a few minutes ago提示时态,主语the experiment是动作do的承受者,用被动语态。
巩|固|练|习
一、单项选择
1. — When ______ the bridge ______?
— Last year.
① was; built ② is; built ③ will; be built ④ has; been built
2. The storybook ______ by my uncle last month, and now it’s my favorite.
① writes ② wrote ③ was written ④ is written
3. — Why didn’t you go to the party?
— Because I ______ not invited.
① am ② was ③ were ④ be
二、根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)
4. 这些树是昨天种植的。
These trees ______ ______ yesterday.
5. 这部电影不是在上海拍摄的。
This movie ______ ______ in Shanghai.
◇Part 02 核心考点讲练
考点一:基本结构辨析(含主谓一致)
一般过去时被动语态的基础结构为“was/were + 动词过去分词”,其中助动词“was”和“were”的选择需严格遵循主谓一致原则——当主语是单数名词、不可数名词或人称代词(he/she/it等)时,选用“was”;当主语是复数名词或人称代词(we/you/they等)时,选用“were”。同时,动词过去分词的正确拼写是得分关键,尤其要重点记忆不规则动词的过去分词(如write-written、build-built等),避免因拼写错误丢分。此外,还需精准区分主动语态与被动语态的核心差异:主动语态中主语是动作的执行者,句式结构为“主语 + 过去式 + 宾语”;而被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,句式核心是“主语 + was/were + 过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)”,解题时可通过判断主语与动作的逻辑关系快速区分二者。
例1:Many trees ______ on the hills last year.
A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted
答案:C
解析:句中“last year”(去年)是一般过去时的标志;主语“Many trees”(许多树)是动作“plant”(种植)的承受者,需用被动语态;主语为复数,故用“were + 过去分词(planted)”。A为原形,B为主动语态过去式,D为一般现在时被动语态,均排除。
例2: A new library ______ in our school two months ago.
A. was built B. built C. were built D. is built
答案:A
解析:“two months ago”(两个月前)提示用一般过去时;主语“A new library”(一座新图书馆)是“build”(建造)的承受者,被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”;主语为单数,故用“was built”(build的过去分词为built)。B为主动语态,C主谓不一致(单数主语用were错误),D为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例3:The letter ______ by my father yesterday.
A. was written B. wrote C. were written D. is writing
答案:A
解析:“yesterday”(昨天)是一般过去时标志;主语“The letter”(信)是“write”(写)的承受者,用被动语态;主语为单数,“write”的过去分词为不规则变化“written”,故选择“was written”。B为主动语态过去式,C主谓不一致,D为现在进行时,均不符合题意。
考点二:特殊句式转换(否定句、一般疑问句)
一般过去时被动语态的特殊句式转换是中考高频考点,需牢牢掌握否定句、一般疑问句的固定结构及应答逻辑。否定句的转换规则为:直接在助动词“was/were”之后添加否定词“not”,构成“was not + 过去分词”或“were not + 过去分词”的结构,其中“was not”可缩写为“wasn't”,“were not”可缩写为“weren't”,例如“He wasn't invited to the party yesterday.(他昨天没被邀请参加派对)”;一般疑问句的转换规则为:将助动词“was/were”提前至句首,首字母大写,原句中的主语紧随其后,再加上动词过去分词,句末用问号收尾,结构为“Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他成分)?”,例如“Were the books borrowed from the library last week?(这些书上周是从图书馆借的吗?)”;对于一般疑问句的回答,需严格呼应问句中的助动词“was/were”,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + was/were.”,否定回答用“No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.”,注意不可误用主动语态的助动词“did”来应答,这是常见易错点。
例1: —______ the meeting ______ last Friday?
—No, it was put off.
A. Was; held B. Did; hold C. Is; held D. Does; hold
答案:A
解析:根据答语中的“was”可知问句为一般过去时;主语“the meeting”(会议)是“hold”(举行)的承受者,需用被动语态的一般疑问句,结构为“Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?”;主语为单数,“hold”的过去分词为“held”,故选择A。B、D为主动语态的一般疑问句结构,C为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例2:The rules of the school ______ not ______ by the students last term.
A. was; followed B. were; followed C. did; follow D. are; followed
答案:B
解析:“last term”(上学期)提示用一般过去时;主语“The rules”(规则)是“follow”(遵守)的承受者,被动语态的否定句结构为“was/were + not + 过去分词”;主语为复数,故用“were not followed”(可缩写为weren't followed)。A主谓不一致,C为主动语态否定句结构,D为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例3:—Was the storybook written by Mo Yan?
—______. It was written by a young writer.
A. Yes, it was B. No, it wasn't C. Yes, it did D. No, it didn't
答案:B
解析:问句是一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句,回答需用“Was/Were + 主语 + ...?”的对应形式(Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.);根据答语“它是一位年轻作家写的”可知需作否定回答,主语“the storybook”用it指代,故选择B。C、D误用了主动语态的助动词did,排除。
考点三:语境中主动与被动的选择
在语境中准确选择一般过去时的主动语态或被动语态,核心是判断“主语与动作的逻辑关系”以及“表达意图”。具体判断规则如下:若句子重点强调“动作的承受者”,且动作执行者要么未被提及(无需明确)、要么提及后不重要(常用“by + 执行者”补充),此时必须使用被动语态;若句子明确给出“动作的执行者”且该执行者作主语,重点描述执行者的动作,則使用主动语态。同时,时态判断是前提——需优先识别句中的一般过去时时间标志词(如yesterday、last week、two months ago、in 2023、last term等),确定时态后再结合上述逻辑选择语态。例如:“The bridge was built in 1990.(这座桥建于1990年)”,句子重点强调“桥”(动作承受者),未提及建造者(执行者不重要),且“in 1990”是过去时标志,故用被动语态;再如:“My father built the bridge in 1990.(我父亲1990年建了这座桥)”,“my father”是明确的执行者且作主语,重点描述父亲的动作,故用主动语态。解题时可按“先判时态→再判主语与动作的逻辑关系→确定语态”的步骤快速锁定答案。
例1:—Who ______ the window yesterday?
—Sorry, I don't know. But it ______ broken.
A. broke; is B. broke; was C. was broken; was D. broke; were
答案:B
解析:第一空:问句中“who”是动作的执行者,作主语,需用主动语态;“yesterday”提示用一般过去时,“break”的过去式为“broke”。第二空:主语“it”(指代窗户)是“broken”(打破)的承受者,用被动语态;一般过去时,主语为单数,故用“was broken”。A第二空时态错误,C第一空误用被动语态,D第二空主谓不一致,排除。
例2:A lot of presents ______ to the children in the poor area on Children's Day last year.
A. send B. sent C. were sent D. are sent
答案:C
解析:“last year”(去年)提示用一般过去时;句子强调“礼物被送给孩子们”,动作执行者(送礼物的人)未提及,需用被动语态;主语“A lot of presents”(许多礼物)为复数,故用“were + 过去分词(sent)”。A为原形,B为主动语态过去式,D为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例3: My grandmother ______ a beautiful sweater for me last winter. It ______ by her own hands.
A. made; was made B. made; is made C. was made; made D. was made; was made
答案:A
解析:第一空:主语“My grandmother”(奶奶)是“make”(做)的执行者,用主动语态;“last winter”(去年冬天)提示用一般过去时,“make”的过去式为“made”。第二空:主语“It”(指代毛衣)是“make”的承受者,用被动语态;一般过去时,主语为单数,“make”的过去分词为“made”,故用“was made”。B第二空时态错误,C、D第一空误用被动语态,排除。
◇Part 03 语法强化训练
提|升|练|习
一、单项选择
1.The book ________ in the playground just now. Do you know whose it is?
A.found B.was found C.finds D.is found
2.Our school library is very beautiful and it ________ last year.
A.build B.builds C.is built D.was built
3.Last month, many vegetables ________ in our school garden.
A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted
4.It is believed that tea ________ by accident. It is popular around the world now.
A.invented B.invent C.was invented D.will be invented
5.The new shopping mall ______ last year and it has become a popular place for people.
A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built
6.He was ________ to competitions around the world.
A.invite B.invited C.invites D.inviting
7.The story ________ by a young writer last year. It has become very popular among teenagers.
A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written
8.The scientist ________ with the medal ________ his great achievement in the field.
A.presented; because of B.was presented; because
C.presented; because D.was presented; because of
9.Look! The trees which ________ last year ________ well.
A.we planted; grew B.we planted them; grow
C.was planted; grew D.were planted; grow
10.—Nobody answered my phone. Were you at home yesterday morning?
—Well, I ________ to take part in the volunteer work in the neighborhood.
A.ask B.asked C.am asked D.was asked
11.The young robber ________ soon after Ken called the police.
A.was arrested B.arrested C.is arrested D.arrests
12.—It’s reported that some robots ________ to work with traffic policemen in some cities.
—That’s amazing!
A.have send B.were sending C.will send D.were sent
13.This piece of Chinese folk song ________ into different foreign songs not long after it got popular.
A.is translated B.translates C.was translated D.translated
14.—Why was she absent from the party yesterday?
—It seemed that she ________.
A.invited B.is invited C.wasn’t invited D.invites
15.The 7th China International Import Expo 2024 ________ from Nov. 5th to 10th in Shanghai.
A.is going to hold B.hold C.will be held D.was held
16.—You know what? Jiangxi Flight Academy (江西飞行学院) ________ in Nanchang in 2023.
—I’m so proud of it.
A.set up B.sets up C.is set up D.was set up
17.Emily felt very happy because she ________ for her creative ideas in class.
A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised
18.—The project my father put his effort into ________.
—He sets a good example for you!
A.are thought highly B.thinking highly of C.has thought highly D.was thought highly of
19.The computer has influenced people’s lives a lot since it ________.
A.invents B.is invented C.invented D.was invented
20.Mary ________ for her excellent drawing in the school art competition last week.
A.praised B.was praised C.was praising D.has praised
21.—Have all the students known that we will have an English exam this Saturday?
—Yes. Every student ________ about it.
A.tells B.told C.was told D.should tell
22.—I heard something unlucky happened to you yesterday.
—Yes. My door ________ and I couldn’t get into the house.
A.is locked B.was locked C.has locked D.locks
23.In September, more than 40 students from Beijing Academy took part in a space exhibition. It ________ by the school’s Space Club.
A.is organized B.was organized C.organized D.will be organized
24.—Why hasn’t Tony come?
—The invitation letter ________ to Toby by accident.
A.was emailed B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed
25.The Spring Festival ________ to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4th, 2024 successfully.
A.was added B.is added C.should be added D.add
26.—Have you ever been to the Weifang International Kite Festival?
—No, I only heard it ________ for the first time in 1984.
A.holds B.was held C.held D.is held
27.The report ______ by our group last week, and we plan ______ it to the teacher tomorrow.
A.was written; to hand B.wrote; to hand
C.was written; handing D.wrote; handing
28.The suspect ________ with breaking into several computer systems.
A.was charging B.is charging C.was charged D.has charged
29.Three astronauts ________ into space on 30th October, 2024 and they succeeded in finishing their tasks in the space.
A.took B.were taken C.were taking D.are taken
30.The tall building ______________ 10 years ago.
A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds
二、完成句子
31.咖啡是什么时候传入英国的?
When was coffee Britain?
32.贵州省博物馆建于1953年,目前藏品超过八万件。
The Guizhou Provincial Museum in 1953 and now has more than 80,000 collections.
33.她被推荐为替补选手继续比赛。
She a substitute and went on the competition.
34.另外,医生叫我多去锻炼身体。
Besides, I by the doctor to take more exercise.
35.它们是在工厂里制造的,是由某个人发明的。
They factories and someone.
36.2025年11月9日,第十五届全国运动会开幕式在广州举行。
The opening ceremony of the 15th National Games in Guangzhou on November 9, 2025.
37.他们认为,那条名叫加里的蛇不得不躲藏起来是因为他被控告偷了那本日记。
They thought that Gary the snake had to hide away because he stealing the journal.
38.在那位出租车司机的帮助下,受伤的男孩被及时送往了医院。
With the help of the taxi driver, the injured boy to the hospital in time.
39.罗马的建成非一日之功。
Rome in a day.
40.约翰尼给了汤姆两个玩具士兵。
Two toy soldiers to Tom by Johnny.
41.波罗在书中讲述了许多奇妙的事情。
Many amazing things of in his book by Polo.
42.这些问题让我思考自己的文化。
I to consider my own culture by these questions.
43.这首乐曲是由一位出生在无锡的民间音乐家写的。
The music by a folk musician was born in the city of Wuxi.
44.门窗来自她的小镇周围被拆毁的旧建筑。
The windows and doors old buildings around her town that .
45.屏幕亮着。
The screen was .
46.她还被诱使买了很多减肥药。
She also plenty of weight-loss drugs.
47.经过一番努力,凯特终于完成了一道简单的中式菜肴——清蒸鱼。她充满了成就感。
After all the hard work, a simple Chinese meal—steamed fish— finally by Kate. She was confidence.
48.他被电力所吸引,对电的本质有着浓厚的好奇心。
He electricity and had a deep its nature.
49.起初,他因不知道如何做饭而被嘲笑。
At first, he by others for not knowing how to cook.
50.这部电影在法国拍摄。
The movie France.
三、短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
Labubu is not just an ordinary toy; it 51 (win) the hearts of people around the world so far. With its big, round eyes and a naughty smile, Labubu has a unique (独一无二的) and cute look that 52 (easy) catches people’s attention. The 53 (one) time you see it, you’ll probably be drawn in by its charming (魅力) look.
This little character was created by 54 artist. The artist came up with the idea of Labubu from everyday life and imagination. At first, Labubu was just a simple sketch (草稿) on paper, but soon, it became a 3D toy that everyone loves.
Labubu comes in various (各种各样的) styles and themes. Some Labubu toys are dressed as cute animals 55 rabbits or pandas. They have soft ears and tails that make them 56 (look) even more lovely. Others wear cool clothes, such as superhero costumes (服装) or fashionable school uniforms. There are also special Labubu toys for holidays, like the Christmas-themed ones wearing red Santa hats and 57 (hold) tiny gifts. Each Labubu character has its own story.
What makes Labubu so special? First, 58 (it) hand-painted details show high quality. Every small line and color on Labubu’s face or clothes is carefully done by hand, making each toy unique. Second, the limited-edition (限量版) Labubu toys create a sense of rarity (稀缺性) , making them even 59 (valuable) to collectors. Sometimes, only a few hundred of certain Labubu toys are made, 60 getting one can feel like winning a prize. Whether you’re a toy lover or just looking for a charming decoration, Labubu is sure to bring joy to your life.
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学科网(北京)股份有限公司
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2025-2026学年下学期八年级英语单元知识基础巩固(外研版2024)
Unit 2 Growing pains and gains语法讲练
目录
第一部分 语法知识清单锁定基础 高效学习
第二部分 核心考点讲练用法精析 变式巩固
第三部分 语法强化训练深度优化 扫清盲区
◇Part 01 语法知识清单
一般过去时被动语态(Passive in the simple past)
一、定义与用法
一般过去时被动语态是被动语态的重要时态形式,专门用于描述“在过去某个具体时间点或时间段内,主语承受来自外界的某个动作”的状态。它的核心逻辑是“被动承受”,区别于主动语态的“主动发出”,当我们的表达重点不在动作的发出者,而在动作的承受者时,就适合使用这一时态的被动语态。其核心用法场景可分为以下两类,结合具体语境更易理解:
当动作的承受者是句子强调的核心,且动作执行者未知、难以确定,或者没有必要明确提及的时候。比如我们只关注“会议是否被召开”,而不关心“谁召开的会议”,就可以用被动语态;
当需要突出动作承受者的状态、遭遇或经历,让读者或听者更关注承受者本身时。比如描述“古老的建筑被保护得很好”,重点是强调“古老建筑”的状态,而非“保护者”的行为。
例如
The letter was written yesterday.(这封信是昨天写的。)—— 这句话的重点是“这封信”以及“昨天被写”这个事实,我们不需要知道具体是谁写了这封信,所以用被动语态简洁且精准地突出了核心信息。
Many old houses were pulled down last year.(很多老房子去年被拆除了。)—— 这里重点强调“老房子”的遭遇,无需提及“拆除老房子的人”,符合被动语态的用法场景。
二、基本结构
一般过去时被动语态的核心结构是“was/were + 动词过去分词”,不同句式(肯定、否定、疑问、特殊疑问)的结构变化均围绕这一核心展开,具体如下:
1. 肯定句:主语 + was / were + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)
was 用于主语是单数名词(如 the book、a dog)、不可数名词(如 water、milk)或人称代词单数(he/she/it);were 用于主语是复数名词(如 the students、some trees)或人称代词复数(we/you/they);by 引出动作执行者,可根据是否需要强调执行者决定是否省略。例如:
①The window was broken by Tom.(窗户是汤姆打破的。)—— 明确执行者Tom,用by引出;
② The meeting was held at 3 p.m. yesterday.(会议昨天下午3点召开的。)—— 无需提及执行者,省略by短语。
2. 否定句:主语 + was / were + not + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)
否定形式直接在was/were后加not,was not可缩写为wasn’t,were not可缩写为weren’t,缩写形式更口语化、常用。例如:
① The letter was not (wasn’t) sent yesterday.(这封信昨天没寄出去。)
② These books were not (weren’t) borrowed by him.(这些书不是他借的。)
3. 疑问句:Was / Were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)?
疑问句需将was/were提到主语前面,句末用问号。回答时直接用Yes或No,后接相应的肯定或否定结构。例如:
①— Was the cake made by your mom?(这个蛋糕是你妈妈做的吗?)— Yes, it was.(是的,是她做的。)/ No, it wasn’t.(不,不是。)
② — Were the trees planted last spring?(这些树是去年春天种的吗?)— Yes, they were.(是的。)/ No, they weren’t.(不是。)
4. 特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + was / were + 主语 + 动词的过去分词(V-ed) + (by + 动作执行者)?
特殊疑问句由“特殊疑问词(如when、where、who、why、how等)”开头,后接一般疑问句的结构。其中who引导的特殊疑问句,若询问执行者,可直接用who提问,此时by可省略。例如:
① When was the new school built?(这所新学校什么时候建成的?)
② Who was the report written by?(这份报告是谁写的?)= By whom was the report written?(更正式的表达,初中阶段重点掌握前一种)
③ Where were the photos taken?(这些照片是在哪里拍的?)
三、常见标志词
一般过去时被动语态的时态特征由时间标志词体现,常见的标志词可分为几类,方便大家记忆和判断,具体如下:
1. 明确的“昨天及前天”相关:yesterday(昨天)、yesterday morning/afternoon/evening(昨天上午/下午/晚上)、the day before yesterday(前天);
例析:
The homework was finished yesterday.(作业昨天完成了。)—— 标志词yesterday提示动作发生在过去,主语the homework(作业)是动作finish(完成)的承受者,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + finished”
A new park was opened yesterday afternoon.(一个新公园昨天下午开放了。)—— 标志词yesterday afternoon明确过去的具体时间段,主语a new park(新公园)是动作open(开放)的承受者,用“was + opened”体现被动关系;
The letter was received the day before yesterday.(这封信前天收到了。)—— 标志词the day before yesterday指向过去时间,主语the letter(信)与动作receive(收到)是被动关系,用“was + received”符合时态和语态要求。
2. 明确的“过去时间段”相关:last week/month/year(上周/月/年)、last Monday/Tuesday(上周一/周二,具体星期)、last spring/summer(去年春天/夏天,具体季节);
例析:
A sports meeting was held last week.(一场运动会上周举行了。)—— 标志词last week提示动作发生在过去的时间段内,主语a sports meeting(运动会)是动作hold(举行)的承受者,无法主动“举行”自己,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + held”
Some new books were bought last month.(一些新书上个月被买了。)—— 标志词last month明确过去时间,主语some new books(新书)是动作buy(买)的承受者,用“were + bought”体现被动关系,同时主语是复数,对应were
Many flowers were planted last spring.(很多花去年春天被种了。)—— 标志词last spring指向过去的季节,主语many flowers(花)与动作plant(种植)是被动关系,复数主语搭配were,过去分词用planted,符合语法规则。
3. 明确的“过去年份或时间点”相关:in 2023(在2023年)、in 1998(在1998年)、at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon(昨天下午5点,具体过去时间点);
例析:
A new library was built in 2023.(一座新图书馆在2023年建成了。)—— 标志词in 2023明确动作发生在过去的年份,主语a new library(新图书馆)是动作build(建造)的承受者,无法主动完成“建造”动作,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + built”
This famous school was founded in 1998.(这所著名的学校建于1998年。)—— 标志词in 1998指向过去年份,主语this famous school(这所著名学校)与动作found(建立)是被动关系,单数主语搭配was,found的过去分词是founded,符合语法要求;
The speech contest was held at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon.(演讲比赛在昨天下午5点举行了。)—— 标志词at 5 o’clock yesterday afternoon明确了过去的具体时间点,主语the speech contest(演讲比赛)是动作hold(举行)的承受者,用“was + held”体现一般过去时的被动关系。
4. “刚刚、不久前”相关:just now(刚才)、a moment ago(片刻之前)、a few minutes ago(几分钟前)、recently(最近,可与一般过去时或现在完成时连用,此处侧重一般过去时用法);
例析:
The blackboard was cleaned just now.(黑板刚才被擦干净了。)—— 标志词just now提示动作发生在“刚刚”,属于过去时间,主语the blackboard(黑板)是动作clean(擦)的承受者,无法主动“擦”自己,因此用一般过去时被动语态“was + cleaned”;
A notice was put up a moment ago.(一张通知片刻前被张贴了。)—— 标志词a moment ago指向过去不久的时间,主语a notice(通知)与动作put up(张贴)是被动关系,单数主语搭配was,put的过去分词是put,故用“was + put”;
Some mistakes were found a few minutes ago.(几分钟前发现了一些错误。)—— 标志词a few minutes ago明确过去的短时间前,主语some mistakes(错误)是动作find(发现)的承受者,复数主语对应were,find的过去分词是found,因此用“were + found”;
The old street was repaired recently.(这条老街最近被修缮了。)—— 标志词recently此处侧重一般过去时用法,说明“修缮”动作发生在过去,主语the old street(老街)是动作repair(修缮)的承受者,单数主语搭配was,过去分词用repaired,符合一般过去时被动语态要求。
注意:看到这些标志词时,若句子主语是动作的承受者,就大概率需要用一般过去时被动语态。示例:The experiment was done a few minutes ago.(这个实验几分钟前做的。)—— 标志词a few minutes ago提示时态,主语the experiment是动作do的承受者,用被动语态。
巩|固|练|习
一、单项选择
1. — When ______ the bridge ______?
— Last year.
① was; built ② is; built ③ will; be built ④ has; been built
2. The storybook ______ by my uncle last month, and now it’s my favorite.
① writes ② wrote ③ was written ④ is written
3. — Why didn’t you go to the party?
— Because I ______ not invited.
① am ② was ③ were ④ be
二、根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)
4. 这些树是昨天种植的。
These trees ______ ______ yesterday.
5. 这部电影不是在上海拍摄的。
This movie ______ ______ in Shanghai.
答案与解析:
一、 单项选择
答案:
1. ①;2. ③;3. ②
解析:
1.根据答语“Last year”(去年),可知句子时态为一般过去时;主语“the bridge”(桥)与动作“build”(建造)是被动关系,即“桥被建造”,因此用一般过去时被动语态,结构为“was/were + 过去分词”。主语“the bridge”是单数,故用was,build的过去分词是built。因此选①。
2.根据时间标志词“last month”(上个月),时态为一般过去时;主语“The storybook”(故事书)与动作“write”(写)是被动关系,即“故事书被写”,所以用一般过去时被动语态。主语是单数,用was,write的过去分词是written。因此选③。
3.根据问句中的“didn’t”,可知句子时态为一般过去时;主语“I”与动作“invite”(邀请)是被动关系,即“我被邀请”,用一般过去时被动语态的否定形式“was/were not + 过去分词”。主语“I”对应的be动词过去式是was。因此选②。
二、根据汉语提示完成句子
答案:
4. were planted;5. wasn’t filmed
解析:
4.“树”与“种植”是被动关系,即“树被种植”;时间标志词“yesterday”说明时态为一般过去时。主语“These trees”是复数,对应的be动词过去式是were;“种植”的英文是plant,过去分词是planted。因此填were planted。
5.“电影”与“拍摄”是被动关系,即“电影被拍摄”;句子表达否定含义,且无明确时间标志词,但结合句意可知是过去发生的动作,用一般过去时被动语态的否定形式。主语“This movie”是单数,be动词过去式用was,否定形式为wasn’t;“拍摄(电影)”的英文是film,过去分词是filmed。因此填wasn’t filmed。
◇Part 02 核心考点讲练
考点一:基本结构辨析(含主谓一致)
一般过去时被动语态的基础结构为“was/were + 动词过去分词”,其中助动词“was”和“were”的选择需严格遵循主谓一致原则——当主语是单数名词、不可数名词或人称代词(he/she/it等)时,选用“was”;当主语是复数名词或人称代词(we/you/they等)时,选用“were”。同时,动词过去分词的正确拼写是得分关键,尤其要重点记忆不规则动词的过去分词(如write-written、build-built等),避免因拼写错误丢分。此外,还需精准区分主动语态与被动语态的核心差异:主动语态中主语是动作的执行者,句式结构为“主语 + 过去式 + 宾语”;而被动语态中主语是动作的承受者,句式核心是“主语 + was/were + 过去分词(+ by + 动作执行者)”,解题时可通过判断主语与动作的逻辑关系快速区分二者。
例1:Many trees ______ on the hills last year.
A. plant B. planted C. were planted D. are planted
答案:C
解析:句中“last year”(去年)是一般过去时的标志;主语“Many trees”(许多树)是动作“plant”(种植)的承受者,需用被动语态;主语为复数,故用“were + 过去分词(planted)”。A为原形,B为主动语态过去式,D为一般现在时被动语态,均排除。
例2: A new library ______ in our school two months ago.
A. was built B. built C. were built D. is built
答案:A
解析:“two months ago”(两个月前)提示用一般过去时;主语“A new library”(一座新图书馆)是“build”(建造)的承受者,被动语态结构为“was/were + 过去分词”;主语为单数,故用“was built”(build的过去分词为built)。B为主动语态,C主谓不一致(单数主语用were错误),D为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例3:The letter ______ by my father yesterday.
A. was written B. wrote C. were written D. is writing
答案:A
解析:“yesterday”(昨天)是一般过去时标志;主语“The letter”(信)是“write”(写)的承受者,用被动语态;主语为单数,“write”的过去分词为不规则变化“written”,故选择“was written”。B为主动语态过去式,C主谓不一致,D为现在进行时,均不符合题意。
考点二:特殊句式转换(否定句、一般疑问句)
一般过去时被动语态的特殊句式转换是中考高频考点,需牢牢掌握否定句、一般疑问句的固定结构及应答逻辑。否定句的转换规则为:直接在助动词“was/were”之后添加否定词“not”,构成“was not + 过去分词”或“were not + 过去分词”的结构,其中“was not”可缩写为“wasn't”,“were not”可缩写为“weren't”,例如“He wasn't invited to the party yesterday.(他昨天没被邀请参加派对)”;一般疑问句的转换规则为:将助动词“was/were”提前至句首,首字母大写,原句中的主语紧随其后,再加上动词过去分词,句末用问号收尾,结构为“Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词(+ 其他成分)?”,例如“Were the books borrowed from the library last week?(这些书上周是从图书馆借的吗?)”;对于一般疑问句的回答,需严格呼应问句中的助动词“was/were”,肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + was/were.”,否定回答用“No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.”,注意不可误用主动语态的助动词“did”来应答,这是常见易错点。
例1: —______ the meeting ______ last Friday?
—No, it was put off.
A. Was; held B. Did; hold C. Is; held D. Does; hold
答案:A
解析:根据答语中的“was”可知问句为一般过去时;主语“the meeting”(会议)是“hold”(举行)的承受者,需用被动语态的一般疑问句,结构为“Was/Were + 主语 + 过去分词?”;主语为单数,“hold”的过去分词为“held”,故选择A。B、D为主动语态的一般疑问句结构,C为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例2:The rules of the school ______ not ______ by the students last term.
A. was; followed B. were; followed C. did; follow D. are; followed
答案:B
解析:“last term”(上学期)提示用一般过去时;主语“The rules”(规则)是“follow”(遵守)的承受者,被动语态的否定句结构为“was/were + not + 过去分词”;主语为复数,故用“were not followed”(可缩写为weren't followed)。A主谓不一致,C为主动语态否定句结构,D为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例3:—Was the storybook written by Mo Yan?
—______. It was written by a young writer.
A. Yes, it was B. No, it wasn't C. Yes, it did D. No, it didn't
答案:B
解析:问句是一般过去时被动语态的一般疑问句,回答需用“Was/Were + 主语 + ...?”的对应形式(Yes, 主语 + was/were. / No, 主语 + wasn't/weren't.);根据答语“它是一位年轻作家写的”可知需作否定回答,主语“the storybook”用it指代,故选择B。C、D误用了主动语态的助动词did,排除。
考点三:语境中主动与被动的选择
在语境中准确选择一般过去时的主动语态或被动语态,核心是判断“主语与动作的逻辑关系”以及“表达意图”。具体判断规则如下:若句子重点强调“动作的承受者”,且动作执行者要么未被提及(无需明确)、要么提及后不重要(常用“by + 执行者”补充),此时必须使用被动语态;若句子明确给出“动作的执行者”且该执行者作主语,重点描述执行者的动作,則使用主动语态。同时,时态判断是前提——需优先识别句中的一般过去时时间标志词(如yesterday、last week、two months ago、in 2023、last term等),确定时态后再结合上述逻辑选择语态。例如:“The bridge was built in 1990.(这座桥建于1990年)”,句子重点强调“桥”(动作承受者),未提及建造者(执行者不重要),且“in 1990”是过去时标志,故用被动语态;再如:“My father built the bridge in 1990.(我父亲1990年建了这座桥)”,“my father”是明确的执行者且作主语,重点描述父亲的动作,故用主动语态。解题时可按“先判时态→再判主语与动作的逻辑关系→确定语态”的步骤快速锁定答案。
例1:—Who ______ the window yesterday?
—Sorry, I don't know. But it ______ broken.
A. broke; is B. broke; was C. was broken; was D. broke; were
答案:B
解析:第一空:问句中“who”是动作的执行者,作主语,需用主动语态;“yesterday”提示用一般过去时,“break”的过去式为“broke”。第二空:主语“it”(指代窗户)是“broken”(打破)的承受者,用被动语态;一般过去时,主语为单数,故用“was broken”。A第二空时态错误,C第一空误用被动语态,D第二空主谓不一致,排除。
例2:A lot of presents ______ to the children in the poor area on Children's Day last year.
A. send B. sent C. were sent D. are sent
答案:C
解析:“last year”(去年)提示用一般过去时;句子强调“礼物被送给孩子们”,动作执行者(送礼物的人)未提及,需用被动语态;主语“A lot of presents”(许多礼物)为复数,故用“were + 过去分词(sent)”。A为原形,B为主动语态过去式,D为一般现在时被动语态,排除。
例3: My grandmother ______ a beautiful sweater for me last winter. It ______ by her own hands.
A. made; was made B. made; is made C. was made; made D. was made; was made
答案:A
解析:第一空:主语“My grandmother”(奶奶)是“make”(做)的执行者,用主动语态;“last winter”(去年冬天)提示用一般过去时,“make”的过去式为“made”。第二空:主语“It”(指代毛衣)是“make”的承受者,用被动语态;一般过去时,主语为单数,“make”的过去分词为“made”,故用“was made”。B第二空时态错误,C、D第一空误用被动语态,排除。
◇Part 03 语法强化训练
提|升|练|习
一、单项选择
1.The book ________ in the playground just now. Do you know whose it is?
A.found B.was found C.finds D.is found
2.Our school library is very beautiful and it ________ last year.
A.build B.builds C.is built D.was built
3.Last month, many vegetables ________ in our school garden.
A.plant B.planted C.were planted D.are planted
4.It is believed that tea ________ by accident. It is popular around the world now.
A.invented B.invent C.was invented D.will be invented
5.The new shopping mall ______ last year and it has become a popular place for people.
A.builds B.built C.is built D.was built
6.He was ________ to competitions around the world.
A.invite B.invited C.invites D.inviting
7.The story ________ by a young writer last year. It has become very popular among teenagers.
A.writes B.wrote C.is written D.was written
8.The scientist ________ with the medal ________ his great achievement in the field.
A.presented; because of B.was presented; because
C.presented; because D.was presented; because of
9.Look! The trees which ________ last year ________ well.
A.we planted; grew B.we planted them; grow
C.was planted; grew D.were planted; grow
10.—Nobody answered my phone. Were you at home yesterday morning?
—Well, I ________ to take part in the volunteer work in the neighborhood.
A.ask B.asked C.am asked D.was asked
11.The young robber ________ soon after Ken called the police.
A.was arrested B.arrested C.is arrested D.arrests
12.—It’s reported that some robots ________ to work with traffic policemen in some cities.
—That’s amazing!
A.have send B.were sending C.will send D.were sent
13.This piece of Chinese folk song ________ into different foreign songs not long after it got popular.
A.is translated B.translates C.was translated D.translated
14.—Why was she absent from the party yesterday?
—It seemed that she ________.
A.invited B.is invited C.wasn’t invited D.invites
15.The 7th China International Import Expo 2024 ________ from Nov. 5th to 10th in Shanghai.
A.is going to hold B.hold C.will be held D.was held
16.—You know what? Jiangxi Flight Academy (江西飞行学院) ________ in Nanchang in 2023.
—I’m so proud of it.
A.set up B.sets up C.is set up D.was set up
17.Emily felt very happy because she ________ for her creative ideas in class.
A.praises B.praised C.is praised D.was praised
18.—The project my father put his effort into ________.
—He sets a good example for you!
A.are thought highly B.thinking highly of C.has thought highly D.was thought highly of
19.The computer has influenced people’s lives a lot since it ________.
A.invents B.is invented C.invented D.was invented
20.Mary ________ for her excellent drawing in the school art competition last week.
A.praised B.was praised C.was praising D.has praised
21.—Have all the students known that we will have an English exam this Saturday?
—Yes. Every student ________ about it.
A.tells B.told C.was told D.should tell
22.—I heard something unlucky happened to you yesterday.
—Yes. My door ________ and I couldn’t get into the house.
A.is locked B.was locked C.has locked D.locks
23.In September, more than 40 students from Beijing Academy took part in a space exhibition. It ________ by the school’s Space Club.
A.is organized B.was organized C.organized D.will be organized
24.—Why hasn’t Tony come?
—The invitation letter ________ to Toby by accident.
A.was emailed B.has emailed C.is emailed D.emailed
25.The Spring Festival ________ to the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity on December 4th, 2024 successfully.
A.was added B.is added C.should be added D.add
26.—Have you ever been to the Weifang International Kite Festival?
—No, I only heard it ________ for the first time in 1984.
A.holds B.was held C.held D.is held
27.The report ______ by our group last week, and we plan ______ it to the teacher tomorrow.
A.was written; to hand B.wrote; to hand
C.was written; handing D.wrote; handing
28.The suspect ________ with breaking into several computer systems.
A.was charging B.is charging C.was charged D.has charged
29.Three astronauts ________ into space on 30th October, 2024 and they succeeded in finishing their tasks in the space.
A.took B.were taken C.were taking D.are taken
30.The tall building ______________ 10 years ago.
A.built B.was built C.is built D.builds
二、完成句子
31.咖啡是什么时候传入英国的?
When was coffee Britain?
32.贵州省博物馆建于1953年,目前藏品超过八万件。
The Guizhou Provincial Museum in 1953 and now has more than 80,000 collections.
33.她被推荐为替补选手继续比赛。
She a substitute and went on the competition.
34.另外,医生叫我多去锻炼身体。
Besides, I by the doctor to take more exercise.
35.它们是在工厂里制造的,是由某个人发明的。
They factories and someone.
36.2025年11月9日,第十五届全国运动会开幕式在广州举行。
The opening ceremony of the 15th National Games in Guangzhou on November 9, 2025.
37.他们认为,那条名叫加里的蛇不得不躲藏起来是因为他被控告偷了那本日记。
They thought that Gary the snake had to hide away because he stealing the journal.
38.在那位出租车司机的帮助下,受伤的男孩被及时送往了医院。
With the help of the taxi driver, the injured boy to the hospital in time.
39.罗马的建成非一日之功。
Rome in a day.
40.约翰尼给了汤姆两个玩具士兵。
Two toy soldiers to Tom by Johnny.
41.波罗在书中讲述了许多奇妙的事情。
Many amazing things of in his book by Polo.
42.这些问题让我思考自己的文化。
I to consider my own culture by these questions.
43.这首乐曲是由一位出生在无锡的民间音乐家写的。
The music by a folk musician was born in the city of Wuxi.
44.门窗来自她的小镇周围被拆毁的旧建筑。
The windows and doors old buildings around her town that .
45.屏幕亮着。
The screen was .
46.她还被诱使买了很多减肥药。
She also plenty of weight-loss drugs.
47.经过一番努力,凯特终于完成了一道简单的中式菜肴——清蒸鱼。她充满了成就感。
After all the hard work, a simple Chinese meal—steamed fish— finally by Kate. She was confidence.
48.他被电力所吸引,对电的本质有着浓厚的好奇心。
He electricity and had a deep its nature.
49.起初,他因不知道如何做饭而被嘲笑。
At first, he by others for not knowing how to cook.
50.这部电影在法国拍摄。
The movie France.
三、短文填空
阅读短文,在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给词的正确形式填空,使短文通顺、连贯。
Labubu is not just an ordinary toy; it 51 (win) the hearts of people around the world so far. With its big, round eyes and a naughty smile, Labubu has a unique (独一无二的) and cute look that 52 (easy) catches people’s attention. The 53 (one) time you see it, you’ll probably be drawn in by its charming (魅力) look.
This little character was created by 54 artist. The artist came up with the idea of Labubu from everyday life and imagination. At first, Labubu was just a simple sketch (草稿) on paper, but soon, it became a 3D toy that everyone loves.
Labubu comes in various (各种各样的) styles and themes. Some Labubu toys are dressed as cute animals 55 rabbits or pandas. They have soft ears and tails that make them 56 (look) even more lovely. Others wear cool clothes, such as superhero costumes (服装) or fashionable school uniforms. There are also special Labubu toys for holidays, like the Christmas-themed ones wearing red Santa hats and 57 (hold) tiny gifts. Each Labubu character has its own story.
What makes Labubu so special? First, 58 (it) hand-painted details show high quality. Every small line and color on Labubu’s face or clothes is carefully done by hand, making each toy unique. Second, the limited-edition (限量版) Labubu toys create a sense of rarity (稀缺性) , making them even 59 (valuable) to collectors. Sometimes, only a few hundred of certain Labubu toys are made, 60 getting one can feel like winning a prize. Whether you’re a toy lover or just looking for a charming decoration, Labubu is sure to bring joy to your life.
参考答案
一、
1.B
【解析】句意:这本书刚才在操场被找到了。你知道它是谁的吗?
考查动词时态和被动语态。根据时间状语“just now”可知,是过去时间,时态用一般过去时;同时,书是被找到的对象,需用被动语态。因此,一般过去时的被动语态“was found”符合语境。故选B。
2.D
【解析】句意:我们的学校图书馆非常漂亮,它是去年被建造的。
考查时态及语态。build动词原形;builds第三人称单数;is built一般现在时的被动语态;was built一般过去时的被动语态。根据“Our school library is very beautiful and it...last year.”可知,句子时态是一般过去时,主语it指代前文的图书馆,与build之间是被动关系,因此用一般过去时的被动语态was built。故选D。
3.C
【解析】句意:上个月,我们学校的花园里种了许多蔬菜。
考查时态和语态。根据时间状语“Last month”可知,句子时态应用一般过去时;再根据主语“many vegetables”和动词“plant”之间是被动关系,表示蔬菜被种植,因此应用一般过去时的被动语态,C项符合。故选C。
4.C
【解析】句意:人们认为茶是偶然被发明的。现在它在世界各地都很受欢迎。
考查被动语态。根据语境可知,茶是被发明,且动作发生在过去,所以需用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构是“was/were+动词的过去分词”,主语“tea”是不可数名词,be动词用was,invent的过去分词是invented。故选C。
5.D
【解析】句意:这座新的购物中心是去年建成的,它已经成为人们的热门去处。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“last year”可知,动作发生在过去,且主语“shopping mall”是动作承受者,需用一般过去时的被动语态表示“被建造”,其结构为was/were done,主语为名词单数,需was。故选D。
6.B
【解析】句意:他被邀请参加世界各地的比赛。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“He was...to competitions around the world.”以及选项可知,应用过去分词形式invited,和空前的“was”一起构成一般过去时的被动语态,表示被邀请参加世界各地的比赛。故选B。
7.D
【解析】句意:这个故事是一位年轻作家去年写的。它在青少年中变得非常受欢迎。
考查 一般过去时的被动语态。根据“by a young writer”可知, a young writer表示被动动作的执行者,且“last year”为过去时间状语,可知需用被动语态的过去时形式。故选D。
8.D
【解析】句意:科学家被授予奖章,因为他在该领域的伟大成就。
考查被动语态和介词短语。because of因为,后加名词、代词或动名词;because因为,后加从句。主语“The scientist”是动作的承受者(被授予奖章),需用被动语态“was presented”;“his great achievement”为名词短语,需用介词短语“because of”表示原因。故选D。
9.D
【解析】句意:看!去年被种植的那些树现在长得好。
考查定语从句和动词时态。we planted我们种的;we planted them我们种了它们;was planted被种,单数;were planted被种,复数;grew生长,一般过去时,grow生长,一般现在时。第一空,根据“The trees which ... last year ...”可知,关系代词“which”指代复数名词“trees”,在从句中可作宾语,这时从句为“we planted”,不需要再加“them”,排除B;which也可用主语,且结合“last year”,此处需用一般过去时的被动语态,即were planted,排除C;第二空,根据上文“Look!”可知,主句谓语需用一般现在时描述当前状态,主语“The trees”是复数,谓语动词grow应用原形,排除A。故选D。
10.D
【解析】句意:——没人接我的电话。昨天上午你在家吗?——嗯,我被要求去参加社区的志愿者工作。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据语境可知,此处表示“我被要求去参加社区的志愿者工作”,主语I和动词ask之间是被动关系,且根据时间状语“yesterday morning”可知,该句时态为一般过去时,所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”,主语为I,be动词用was,ask的过去分词为asked。故选D。
11.A
【解析】句意:在Ken报警之后,那个年轻的抢劫犯很快就被逮捕了。
考查被动语态和时态。“robber”和“arrest”是被动关系,需用被动语态“be+过去分词”,因为“called”是一般过去时,句子描述过去的事,被动语态的be动词用过去式was,“arrest”的过去分词是“arrested”,故用一般过去时的被动语态“was arrested”,故选A。
12.D
【解析】句意:—据报道,在一些城市,一些机器人被派去和交警一起工作。—太神奇了!
考查被动语态。主语“some robots”是动作的承受者,即机器人被派去工作,因此需用被动语态be done。故选D。
13.C
【解析】句意:这首中国民歌在流行后不久就被翻译成不同的外国歌曲。
考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“not long after it got popular”可知,动作发生在过去,且主语“this piece of Chinese folk song”与动词“translate”之间是被动关系,表示歌曲被翻译,因此应用一般过去时的被动语态。故选C。
14.C
【解析】句意:——她昨天为什么没来参加聚会?——似乎她没有被邀请。
考查被动语态。根据问句“Why was she absent...”的过去时语境,她缺席的原因可能是未被邀请,因此需用过去时的被动语态否定形式。故选C。
15.D
【解析】句意:2024年第七届中国国际进口博览会于11月5日至10日在上海举行。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。is going to hold是一般将来时的主动语态;hold是动词原形;will be held是一般将来时的被动语态;was held是一般过去时的被动语态。根据“2024”可知,事件发生在过去,需用一般过去时;主语“The 7th China International Import Expo 2024”是被举办的对象,所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
16.D
【解析】句意:——你知道吗?江西飞行学院于2023年在南昌被建立。——我对此感到太自豪了。
考查动词的时态和语态。set up建立,一般现在时态,主动语态;sets up建立,一般现在时态,主动语态;is set up被建立,一般现在时态被动语态;was set up被建立,一般过去时态被动语态。根据时间状语“in 2023”可知,此处表示过去时间,需用一般过去时;主语“Jiangxi Flight Academy”是动作的承受者,需用被动语态。故选D。
17.D
【解析】句意:Emily感到非常高兴,因为她在课堂上因为她的创意想法而受到表扬。
考查时态和被动语态。主句“Emily felt”使用过去时,从句需保持时态一致;且根据“because she...for her creative ideas in class.”可知,Emily是被表扬的对象,需用被动语态。故选D。
18.D
【解析】句意:——我父亲曾倾注心血的那个项目获得了高度评价。——他为你树立了好榜样!
考查时态、语态与短语。are thought highly一般现在时,主语为复数或第二人称,被动语态;thinking highly of考虑中,现在分词主动形式;has thought highly高度评价,现在完成时;was thought highly of被高度评价,一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The project”是单数,且是“被评价”的对象,应用被动语态;从句“my father put his effort into”表明项目是过去完成的,应用一般过去时;think highly of“高度评价”,应用其一般过去时的被动形式“was thought highly of”。故选D。
19.D
【解析】句意:自从电脑被发明以来,它极大地影响了人们的生活。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“The computer has influenced people’s lives a lot since it...”可知,since引导的时间状语从句,主句用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时;且主语it(指代电脑)和谓语动词invent之间是被动关系,表示“被发明”,所以用一般过去时的被动语态was invented。故选D。
20.B
【解析】句意:Mary上周因其在学校艺术比赛中的出色画作而受到表扬。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“last week”可知,句子时态为一般过去时;主语Mary与动词praise之间是被动关系,表示“Mary被表扬”,应用被动语态。一般过去时的被动语态结构为was/were+动词过去分词,主语Mary是第三人称单数,故be动词用was。故选B。
21.C
【解析】句意:——所有的学生都知道我们这周六有一场英语考试了吗?——是的。每个学生都被告知了这个消息。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“Every student”可知,学生们是“被告知”考试消息,应该用被动形式,且根据“Have all the students known...”可知,学生们已经知道考试消息,即被告知这个动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态“was told”。故选C。
22.B
【解析】句意:——我听说昨天你遇到了一些不幸的事。——是的。我的门被锁了,我进不了房子。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“yesterday”可知,事情发生在昨天,所以应该用一般过去时;又因为主语“My door”和谓语动词“lock”之间是被动关系,表示“门被锁”,所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
23.B
【解析】句意:在九月,来自北京学院的超过40名学生参加了一个太空展览。它是由学校的太空俱乐部组织的。
考查被动语态和时态。主语It,指代“太空展览”,和动词organize之间是被动关系,根据“In September”可知事件发生在过去,用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选B。
24.A
【解析】句意:——Tony为什么还没来?——邀请函不小心发送给Toby了。
考查被动语态。根据上下文“Why hasn’t Tony come?”可知,Tony未到是因为过去发生的错误事件,主语“the invitation letter”是动作的承受者,需用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。
25.A
【解析】句意:2024年12月4日,春节成功被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“on December 4th, 2024”可知,句子时态为一般过去时,且主语“The Spring Festival”与谓语动词“add”之间是被动关系,即春节被列入人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录,所以应该用一般过去时的被动语态。故选A。
26.B
【解析】句意:——你去过潍坊国际风筝节吗?——没有,我只听说它首次在1984年举办。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据答句中“in 1984”可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时;又因为“it”指代“the Weifang International Kite Festival”,和动词“hold(举办)”之间是被动关系,即“风筝节被举办”,所以此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”,“it”是第三人称单数,be动词用was,hold的过去分词是held。故选B。
27.A
【解析】句意:我们组上周写了这份报告,我们计划明天把它交给老师。
考查被动语态和动词不定式的用法。第一个空,主语“报告”是动作的承受者,“by our group”表示执行者,且“last week”为过去时间,需用一般过去时的被动语态“was written”;第二个空,动词“plan”后固定接不定式“to do”,表示“计划做某事”,因此用“to hand”。故选A。
28.C
【解析】句意:这名嫌疑犯被指控闯入多个计算机系统。
考查时态和语态。主语The suspect与动词charge之间为被动关系(被指控),且描述过去事件,应用一般过去时的被动语态(was/were + 过去分词)。charge的过去分词为charged。故选C。
29.B
【解析】句意:三名宇航员在2024年10月30日被送往太空,并且他们成功完成了任务。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“Three astronauts…into space on 30th October, 2024 and they succeeded in finishing their tasks in the space.”可知,句子描述过去具体事件,需用一般过去时;且宇航员是动作“送往”的接受者,需用被动语态。故选B。
30.B
【解析】句意:这座高楼建于10年前。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The tall building”与动词build存在被动关系,且时间状语“10 years ago”表示过去时间,因此需用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为was/were + 过去分词,主语为单数,be动词应用was,动词build的过去分词为built,即was built。故选B。
二、
31. introduced into
【解析】根据中英文提示可知,句子缺少了“传入”的翻译,这里表示咖啡被传入英国,使用“introduce...into...”结构,意为“把……引入……”,主语coffee与动词introduce之间是动宾关系,且动作发生在过去,需用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+动词的过去分词”该句为特殊疑问句,句中已有was,introduce的过去分词为introduced,故填introduced;into。
32. was built
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“修建”,build“修建”,为动词;主语是The Guizhou Provincial Museum,这里应表示“贵州省博物馆被修建”,为被动语态,由“in 1953”可知,此处句子是一般过去时,故be动词用was,build的过去分词是built。故填was;built。
33. was recommended as with
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,第一处缺少“被推荐为”,需用被动语态“be recommended as”,根据“went”可知,时态是一般过去时,所以be动词用was;第二处缺少“继续(做某事)”,短语“go on with sth.”表示“继续某事”。故填was;recommended;as;with。
34. was told
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“叫/告诉”,tell“告诉”,动词,句子主语I和谓语动词“告诉”是被动关系,即我是被医生告知的对象,因此要用被动语态,结构为be+动词的过去分词,此处为一般过去时态,be动词过去式为was,tell的过去分词为told。故填was;told。
35. were made in invented by
【解析】根据中英文提示可知,前三空表示“在工厂里制造”,用被动语态,表示物品是“被制造”的,结构为“be+过去分词+地点介词”,“制造”的过去分词是“made”,“在工厂里”用介词“in”,结合语境这句话可以用一般过去时,主语“They”是复数,be动词用“were”;后两空表示“由某人发明”,也用被动语态,“发明”的过去分词是“invented”,“由(某人)”用介词“by”,与前面的被动结构并列,省略重复的be动词,故填were;made;in;invented;by。
36. was held
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“举办”的英文表达。句子主语The opening ceremony是“举办”这个动作的承受者,需用被动语态,结构为“be+过去分词”;结合时间状语“2025年11月9日”可知,要用一般过去时的被动语态,“举办”的过去分词是held,主语是第三人称单数,对应的be动词用was。故填was;held。
37. was accused of
【解析】根据句子结构可知,此处需要填入一个谓语动词短语来表示“被控告”。在英语中,“控告某人做某事”常用“accuse sb. of doing sth.”来表达,且根据语境和“thought”可知,句子描述的是过去发生的事情,且此处表被动,故用一般过去时的被动语态,“accuse”的过去式为“accused”。故填was;accused;of。
38. was sent
【解析】根据所给汉语意思可知,空缺处应该填的是“被送往”,句子主语“the injured boy”和动词“送”之间是被动关系,所以用被动语态,由“in time”可知,时态是一般过去时,一般过去时的被动语态构成:主语+was/were+动词过去分词,主语“the injured boy”是第三人称单数,be动词用was,“送”的英文是send,过去分词是sent,故填was;sent。
39. wasn’t built
【解析】根据汉语提示可知,“罗马”与“建立”之间是被动关系,且句子是一般过去时,故此处应用一般过去时被动语态“was/were done”的结构,主语Rome是单数形式,助动词用was,否定为wasn’t,故填wasn’t;built。
40. were given
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“给”的英文内容,主语是“Two toy soldiers”,此处应该使用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语“Two toy soldiers”是复数,be动词用were;“给”的过去分词是given。故填were;given。
41. were told
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,句中缺少“讲述”的英文内容,此处指“奇妙的事情”是在书中“被讲述”,时态为一般过去时,应用一般过去时的被动语态,结构为“was/were+过去分词”。Many amazing things是复数,be动词用were,tell的过去分词是told。故填were;told。
42. was made
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,本题考查被动语态。make sb do sth“让某人做某事”,其被动形式为sb be made to do sth;结合语境,句子描述过去发生的事,需用一般过去时;主语是“I”,be需用was。故填was;made。
43. was written who
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,第一空缺少“是由……写的”,需用被动语态“was written”;第二空缺少引导定语从句的关系代词,修饰“a folk musician”,先行词指人且在从句中作主语,应用“who”。故填was;written;who。
44. come from were pulled down
【解析】根据所给汉语意思可知,前两个空缺处应该填的是“来自”,用come from,句子为一般现在时,主语为复数,动词用原形;后三个空缺处应该填的是“被拆毁”,句子是定语从句,先行词是old buildings,与pull down“拆毁”之间是被动关系,且时态是一般过去时,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,构成:主语+was/were+动词过去分词,主语是复数,be动词用were,pull的过去分词是pulled,故填come;from;were;pulled;down。
45. lit up
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“亮着”。light up“亮着”,是固定短语,且句子是一般过去时的被动语态,light需用过去分词形式lit。故填lit;up。
46. was tricked into buying
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“被诱使买”。trick sb. into doing sth.“诱使某人做某事”,此处指“她被诱使”,应是被动语态,故用be tricked into doing sth.“被诱使做某事”;由句意可知,此处句子是一般过去时,主语是She,故be动词用was;buy“买”,动词,应用动名词形式。故填was;tricked;into;buying。
47. was cooked full of
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“被完成(烹饪)”和“充满了”。“完成(烹饪)”译为“cook”。主语“a simple Chinese meal”是单数,且与动词“cook”构成被动关系,表示“被烹饪”,故用被动语态。根据时间背景“After all the hard work”可知,时态为一般过去时。第一空和第二空填was;cooked;“充满了”译为固定短语“be full of”。主语“She”是第三人称单数,时态为一般过去时,故用“was full of”。第三空和第四空填full;of。故填was;cooked;full;of。
48. was drawn to curiosity about
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“被吸引”和“对……的好奇心”,“被吸引”的英文表达为be drawn to,根据句意可知时态是一般过去时,主语是He,be动词用was。“对……有浓厚的好奇心”译为“had a deep curiosity about...”。故填was;drawn;to;curiosity;about。
49. was laughed at
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,此处缺少“被嘲笑”。laugh at“嘲笑”,为动词短语;此处指“被嘲笑”,故用被动语态;由At first和句意可知,此处句子是一般过去时,主语是he,故be动词用was,laugh变为过去分词形式laughed。故填was;laughed;at。
50. was filmed in
【解析】根据中英文对照,空格处缺“在……拍摄”。“拍摄”用“film”,电影是被拍摄,需用被动语态“be+过去分词”,“film”的过去分词是“filmed”;“在法国”用“in France”。结合语境,句子用一般过去时,be动词用“was”。故填was;filmed;in。
三、
51.has won 52.easily 53.first 54.an 55.like 56.look 57.holding 58.its 59.more valuable 60.so
【导语】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了全球流行的玩具角色Labubu的起源、设计特点(包括多样化的风格和主题)、其独特价值(如手绘细节和限量版的稀缺性),以及它给人们带来的快乐。
51.句意:到目前为止,Labubu已经赢得了全世界人们的心。根据“so far”可知,句子时态为现在完成时,主语是it,助动词用has,win的过去分词是won。故填has won。
52.句意:Labubu有着独特又可爱的外观,很容易吸引人们的注意。此处修饰动词catches,需用副词形式,easy的副词是easily“容易地”。故填easily。
53.句意:你第一次看到它时,很可能会被它迷人的样子吸引。The+序数词+time“第……次”,此处应用序数词,one的序数词是first“第一”。故填first。
54.句意:这个小角色是由一位艺术家创造的。根据“artist”可知,此处泛指“一位艺术家”,用不定冠词a/an;artist以元音音素开头,用an。故填an。
55.句意:一些Labubu玩具被装扮成可爱的动物,比如兔子或熊猫。根据“cute animals...rabbits or pandas”可知,此处是举例,用介词like“例如”。故填like。
56.句意:它们有柔软的耳朵和尾巴,这让它们看起来更加可爱。make sb. do sth“使某人做某事”,后接动词原形。故填look。
57.句意:还有为节日设计的特别Labubu玩具,比如戴着红色圣诞帽、拿着小礼物的圣诞主题款。and连接并列成分,与前面的wearing并列,故应用现在分词holding作伴随状语。故填holding。
58.句意:首先,它手绘的细节展现了高品质。hand-painted details是名词短语,前面需用形容词性物主代词修饰,it的形容词性物主代词是its“它的”。故填its。
59.句意:其次,限量版的Labubu玩具创造出一种稀缺感,使它们对收藏者来说更加珍贵。根据“even”和语境可知,此处是比较级,valuable是多音节形容词,比较级用more valuable。故填more valuable。
60.句意:有时,某个特定的Labubu玩具只生产几百个,所以得到一个感觉就像中奖一样。根据“only a few hundred...are made”和“getting one can feel like winning a prize”可知,前后是因果关系,后句是结果,用so连接。故填so。
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