Unit 6 语法讲义 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级上册

该初中英语讲义围绕现在完成时与一般过去时的比较构建知识体系，通过对比框架梳理两者的核心区别，从“侧重点不同”（现在结果vs过去时间）和“时间状语不同”（不确切时间vs具体过去时间）两大维度展开，配合典型例句对比呈现知识脉络，清晰突出时态运用的重难点及内在逻辑联系。 讲义亮点在于针对性练习设计，单项选择如“for nearly 20 years”考查现在完成时延续性，“last week”考查一般过去时时间状语，用所给词的适当形式填空如“yet”提示现在完成时否定、“last week”提示一般过去时，有效训练语言能力和思维品质。分层练习满足不同学生需求，基础学生通过例句掌握区别，优秀学生深化时态运用，为教师实施精准复习教学提供有力支持。

现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。 The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前来的。（强调动作发生时间在过去） I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前看的电影） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能继续） I taught here a year ago. 我一年前在这儿教书。（表示我现在已经不在这任教了） 时间状语不同 　　现在完成时常与already， yet， just， ever， never， before等副词以及“for+段时间”，“since+过去时间/从句”等不确切的时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与“时间+ago”，just now， yesterday， last week等表示过去具体时间的状语连用。即现在完成时的时间状语是一个不确切的大概时间，一般过去时的时间状语一定是具体的过去的时间。 She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 单项选择 1. --- Lucy, is your aunt a teacher? --- Yes, she is. She ______ English in this school for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. will teach 2. --- Have you ever ______ Paris? --- Yes. I ______ there in July to see the opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympics. A. gone to; have gone B. been to; have gone C. been to; went D. gone to; went 3. --- He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. --- So far I ______ to the Great Wall several times. A. went B. goes C. will go D. have been 4. --- In the past few years, China’s space programme has made great progress. --- That’s true. It ______ many astronauts to space station successfully. A. is sending B. was sending C. will send D. has sent 5. Our city ______ a lot in the past few years. A. will change B. has changed C. changed D. changes 6. --- You look sad. What happened? --- Everybody ______ us to win the match, but we lost. A. expects B. expected C. hopes D. hoped 7. --- You seem to know much about this museum. --- That’s true. I ______ here with my parents once. A. come B. is coming C. will come D. came 8. Li Ming ______ to school. Maybe on the way. A. has gone B. goes C. wnet D. is going 9. I ______ the window just now because it was windy. A. close B. closed C. will close D. have closed 10. --- China is a wonderful place. --- So it is. I ______ there twice. A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go 11. There ______ a talent show yesterday and many students took part in it. A. is B. was C. are D. were 12. On March 16, President Micron ______ the nation’s retirement age from 62 to 64. A. raises B. raised C. is raising D. was raised 13. Lin Yi ______ up in Changchun with his grandparents. He often comes back to visit them now. A. grow B. grows C. grew D. is growing 14. --- Ben and Sue aren’t at home, are they? --- No. They ______ to London on business. A. have gone B. go C. have been D. went 15. Miss Li ______ in Shenyang since she______ school. A. has worked, has left B. worked, left C. worked, has left D. has worked, left 16. I will not go to Sanya for vacation this winter because I ______ there many times. A. have been to B. have been C. have gone D. have gone to 17. We have been good friends ______. A. last year B. when we met last year C. one year ago D. since we met last year 18. --- Why are you so happy? --- Because I ______ a letter from my friend ten minutes ago. A. receive B. received C. will receive D. have received 19. How clean the classroom is! I think someone ______ it. A. is cleaning B. will clean C. has cleaned D. cleans 20. --- Who ______ dinner yesterday evening in your family?   --- My mother. She ______ dinner for us every day. A. cooked; cooks B. cooks; cooks C. cooked; cooked D. cooks; cooked 答案：1-5 CCDDB 6-10 BDABA 11-15 BBCAD 16-20 BDBCA 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My mother usually ___rides____ (ride) to work to keep fit every day. 2. I _____haven’t done______ (not do) my homework yet. 3. Art _____makes______ (make) our lives nice and beautiful. 4. Mr Wang _____had taught______ (teach) in this school for twenty years. 5. What _____makes________ (make) an excellent teacher, patience or knowledge? 6. I _____spelt______ (spell) the word wrong in the test last week. 7. Coffee ______grows_______ (grow) well on this farm. 8. Sometimes, some of our parents’ advice _____is_______ (be) really helpful in difficult times. 9. William took out his pen and ______wrote______ (write) a big word on the paper. 10. His grandfather _____has been dead_______ (die) for five years. 11. If he _____replies______ (reply) to us before tomorrow, we can make a better plan for the next step. 12. His careless driving ________led____ (lead) to a serious traffic accident the other day. 13. My mother _____has been_______ (be) in Beijing for a week. 14. I _____has____ just _____made____ (make) a model spaceship. 15. The sun ______rises_____ (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 16. Wang Wei always ____plans_______ (plan) to play tennis with his friends on the playground. 17. The temperature in Yangzhou ______dropped______ (drop) a lot last week because of the cold air.   18. After the doorbell ______rang______ (ring), she rushed to open the door. 19. --- What’s up, Sandy? --- Look! What a mess! Somebody ____has broken______ (break) that window. 20. Judy ______hid______ (hide) her football under the bed, so Helen didn’t find it. 21. The poor old man ______stayed______ (stay) in hospital for two weeks last month. 22. I ______have counted______ (count) the books twice. 23. The water in the river _______rose_____ (rise) three feet because it kept raining heavily for two days. 24. Last week, the teacher told us that all roads ______lead______ (lead) to Rome. 25. Jan _____dug_______ (dig) a hole and put the time capsule into it. 26. They ________have lived____ (live) in Beijing since ten years ago. 27. _____Have____ you ever _____heard_____ (hear) of this story? 28. I think the soup needs more water. It _____tastes_______ (taste) too salty. 29. The waste water from the factory ______has polluted______ (pollute) the rivers nearby recently. 30. Five people ______died______ (die) in a house fire last night. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 现在完成时与一般过去时的比较 侧重点不同 现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去，但它们所强调的重点不同：现在完成时侧重于对现在的影响；而一般过去时侧重于某一动作发生在过去某个时间或某段时间，即现在完成时侧重于现在的结果，而一般过去时侧重于动作发生的时间。 The plane has arrived. 飞机已经来了。（说明现在的情况：飞机在这儿） The plane arrived a quarter ago. 飞机是一刻钟以前来的。（强调动作发生时间在过去） I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。（现在我仍记得电影的内容） I saw the film three days ago. 三天前我看了这部电影。（强调是三天前看的电影） I have taught here for fifteen years. 我在这儿教了十五年。（表示十五年前的动作一直延续到现在，还可能继续） I taught here a year ago. 我一年前在这儿教书。（表示我现在已经不在这任教了） 时间状语不同 　　现在完成时常与already， yet， just， ever， never， before等副词以及“for+段时间”，“since+过去时间/从句”等不确切的时间状语连用；而一般过去时则常与“时间+ago”，just now， yesterday， last week等表示过去具体时间的状语连用。即现在完成时的时间状语是一个不确切的大概时间，一般过去时的时间状语一定是具体的过去的时间。 She has lived here since two years ago. 她两年前就住在这里了。 She lived here two years ago. 两年前她住在这里。 He has been in the League for three years. 他入团已经三年了。 Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 昨晚汤姆给他的父母写了封信。 单项选择 1. --- Lucy, is your aunt a teacher? --- Yes, she is. She ______ English in this school for nearly 20 years. A. teaches B. is teaching C. has taught D. will teach 2. --- Have you ever ______ Paris? --- Yes. I ______ there in July to see the opening ceremony of the 2024 Paris Olympics. A. gone to; have gone B. been to; have gone C. been to; went D. gone to; went 3. --- He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall is not a true man. --- So far I ______ to the Great Wall several times. A. went B. goes C. will go D. have been 4. --- In the past few years, China’s space programme has made great progress. --- That’s true. It ______ many astronauts to space station successfully. A. is sending B. was sending C. will send D. has sent 5. Our city ______ a lot in the past few years. A. will change B. has changed C. changed D. changes 6. --- You look sad. What happened? --- Everybody ______ us to win the match, but we lost. A. expects B. expected C. hopes D. hoped 7. --- You seem to know much about this museum. --- That’s true. I ______ here with my parents once. A. come B. is coming C. will come D. came 8. Li Ming ______ to school. Maybe on the way. A. has gone B. goes C. wnet D. is going 9. I ______ the window just now because it was windy. A. close B. closed C. will close D. have closed 10. --- China is a wonderful place. --- So it is. I ______ there twice. A. have been B. have gone C. went D. will go 11. There ______ a talent show yesterday and many students took part in it. A. is B. was C. are D. were 12. On March 16, President Micron ______ the nation’s retirement age from 62 to 64. A. raises B. raised C. is raising D. was raised 13. Lin Yi ______ up in Changchun with his grandparents. He often comes back to visit them now. A. grow B. grows C. grew D. is growing 14. --- Ben and Sue aren’t at home, are they? --- No. They ______ to London on business. A. have gone B. go C. have been D. went 15. Miss Li ______ in Shenyang since she______ school. A. has worked, has left B. worked, left C. worked, has left D. has worked, left 16. I will not go to Sanya for vacation this winter because I ______ there many times. A. have been to B. have been C. have gone D. have gone to 17. We have been good friends ______. A. last year B. when we met last year C. one year ago D. since we met last year 18. --- Why are you so happy? --- Because I ______ a letter from my friend ten minutes ago. A. receive B. received C. will receive D. have received 19. How clean the classroom is! I think someone ______ it. A. is cleaning B. will clean C. has cleaned D. cleans 20. --- Who ______ dinner yesterday evening in your family?   --- My mother. She ______ dinner for us every day. A. cooked; cooks B. cooks; cooks C. cooked; cooked D. cooks; cooked 用所给词的适当形式填空 1. My mother usually _____________ (ride) to work to keep fit every day. 2. I _____________ (not do) my homework yet. 3. Art _____________ (make) our lives nice and beautiful. 4. Mr Wang _____________ (teach) in this school for twenty years. 5. What _____________ (make) an excellent teacher, patience or knowledge? 6. I _____________ (spell) the word wrong in the test last week. 7. Coffee _____________ (grow) well on this farm. 8. Sometimes, some of our parents’ advice _____________ (be) really helpful in difficult times. 9. William took out his pen and _____________ (write) a big word on the paper. 10. His grandfather _____________ (die) for five years. 11. If he _____________ (reply) to us before tomorrow, we can make a better plan for the next step. 12. His careless driving _____________ (lead) to a serious traffic accident the other day. 13. My mother _____________ (be) in Beijing for a week. 14. I __________ just __________ (make) a model spaceship. 15. The sun _____________ (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 16. Wang Wei always _____________ (plan) to play tennis with his friends on the playground. 17. The temperature in Yangzhou _____________ (drop) a lot last week because of the cold air.   18. After the doorbell _____________ (ring), she rushed to open the door. 19. --- What’s up, Sandy? --- Look! What a mess! Somebody _____________ (break) that window. 20. Judy _____________ (hide) her football under the bed, so Helen didn’t find it. 21. The poor old man _____________ (stay) in hospital for two weeks last month. 22. I _____________ (count) the books twice. 23. The water in the river _____________ (rise) three feet because it kept raining heavily for two days. 24. Last week, the teacher told us that all roads _____________ (lead) to Rome. 25. Jan _____________ (dig) a hole and put the time capsule into it. 26. They _____________ (live) in Beijing since ten years ago. 27. __________ you ever __________ (hear) of this story? 28. I think the soup needs more water. It _____________ (taste) too salty. 29. The waste water from the factory _____________ (pollute) the rivers nearby recently. 30. Five people _____________ (die) in a house fire last night. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $