专题02 完形填空（培优讲义）（全国通用）2026年中考英语一轮复习高效培优系列
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摘要：
该初中英语中考复习讲义聚焦完形填空专题，覆盖词汇辨析、固定搭配、语法判断及语篇逻辑等中考核心考点，通过“考点深解-命题突破-重难攻坚-分层练习”架构，梳理核心考点与易混概念，结合解题路径图和真题训练，系统突破上下文逻辑推断等难点，体现复习的系统性和针对性。
亮点在于“分层突破+方法创新”策略，如“情感线索追踪法”分析bright、friendly等词推断人物情绪，“多空联动解题法”整体把握语篇逻辑，培养学生语言能力与思维品质。设基础到培优三级练习，配合真题变式训练，有限时间内高效复习，助力教师把控节奏，提升学生应考能力。
内容正文：
专题02 完形填空
目 录
目标导图
考点深解
一、完形填空考查能力结构图
二、核心考点解析表
三、易混概念对比剖析表（★重点掌握）
四、解题思维路径图（★实战指导）
命题突破
突破点一：上下文逻辑推断题
突破点二：固定搭配与短语辨析题
突破点三：词义辨析与语篇复现题
重难攻坚
难点一：长难句分析与从句引导词选择
难点二：情感态度词在叙事中的隐含推断
难点三：多空连环逻辑题（语篇整体把握）
难点四：文化背景与生活常识隐含题
练测提能
一、完形填空考查能力结构图
二、核心考点解析表
考点类别
具体考点
考查形式
解题关键
易错提醒
词汇辨析
名词辨析
近义名词选择
结合语境，注意名词的搭配对象和范围
易混淆：
• gift/present（都指礼物，但gift更正式）
• problem/question（problem是“问题/难题”，question是“疑问/考题”）
动词辨析
动作描述、心理活动
注意主谓搭配、及物不及物、时态一致
易混淆：
• say/speak/tell/talk（say+内容；speak+语言；tell+人+事；
talk about/with）
• look/see/watch（look看动作；see看见结果；watch观看过程）
形容词/副词辨析
修饰名词或动词
注意感情色彩、程度强弱、固定修饰
易混淆：
• excited/exciting（excited人感到兴奋；exciting物令人兴奋）
• hard/hardly（hard努力/坚硬；hardly几乎不）
固定搭配
动词短语
动词+介词/副词
熟记常见搭配，注意语义完整性
易错：
• look after（照顾）≠ look for（寻找）
• give up（放弃）≠ give out（分发）
介词短语
时间、地点、方式
注意介词与名词的逻辑关系
易错：
• on time（准时）≠ in time（及时）
• at school（在学校）≠ in school（在上学）
语法判断
时态语态
根据上下文时间线索
找时间状语、上下文时态一致性
易错：
• 过去时与现在完成时混淆
• 被动语态漏掉be动词
连词选择
句子逻辑关系
判断句间关系：因果、转折、并列、条件等
易混淆：
• because（原因）≠ so（结果）
• although（虽然）≠ but（但是）不同时出现
从句引导词
定语/状语/名词从句
分析从句成分，判断引导词功能
易错：
• that/what引导名词从句的区别
• when/where/why在定语从句中的误用
语篇逻辑
上下文复现
同词、同义、反义复现
寻找文中已出现或隐含的词汇线索
易忽略：
•代词指代（it/they/this等）的准确对应
情感态度
通过形容词、副词、对话推断
把握人物情绪变化线
易误判:
• 作者态度（中性/褒义/贬义）
文化常识
中西文化差异、生活常识
结合生活经验，避免中式思维
易错：
• 西方节日习俗、日常礼仪误解
三、易混概念对比剖析表（★重点掌握）
对比组
区别要点
例句对比
常见陷阱
say
/tell
/speak
/talk
say+内容；
tell+人+内容；
speak+语言；
talk+with/about
He said hello.
He told me a story.
She speaks English.
They are talking about the film.
混淆tell与say的宾语结构
look
/see
/watch
look强调“看”的动作；
see强调“看见”的结果；
watch强调“观看”过程
Look at the picture!
Can you see the bird?
I watch TV every night.
误用look表示“看见”
Because
/so
because引导原因状语从句；
so引导结果状语从句，两者不同时出现
Because it rained, we stayed home.
It rained, so we stayed home.
句中同时使用because和so
although/but
although引导让步状语从句；
but引导转折并列句，两者不同时出现
Although he is young, he is wise.
He is young, but he is wise.
句中同时使用although和but
take/
Bring
/fetch
take带走（远离说话者）；
bring带来（朝向说话者）；
fetch去取回
Take this book to your sister.
Bring your homework here.
Fetch some water from the well.
方向性混淆
spend
/take
/cost
人+spend+时间/钱+on/(in) doing；
It takes+人+时间+to do；
物+cost+人+钱
I spend two hours on homework.
It takes me two hours to do homework.
The book costs me 20 yuan.
主语与动词搭配错误
四、解题思维路径图（★实战指导）
练习一：聚焦动词辨析与上下文逻辑
(2025·江苏省盐城市·中考)阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It was a cold, rainy Monday morning. By the time I got to the 1 , my shoes were full of water, and I was tired and unhappy.
When I walked in, I 2 something on my desk. It was a small paper box, carefully folded, with my name written on top. I 3 but no one seemed to notice me. I slowly 4 the box. Inside were a chocolate bar and a note: “Hope today gets 5 !”
At first, I thought the teacher had left it. But she looked just as 6 as I was. I asked the students sitting near me, but they all said 7 . I watched my classmates’ faces, hoping that someone would smile or give me a 8 . But no one said a word.
At lunch, I sat with my friend Maya. “ 9 gave me this,” I said, showing her the note. She read it and smiled, “Looks like you have a 10 friend.”
“Maybe,” I smiled. Out of the window, the rain was still falling, 11 somehow it didn’t feel so heavy.
The next day, I 12 three small paper boxes with candies inside. I quietly placed them on three desks 13 class began. I didn’t write my name on them. I just wanted someone else to 14 like I did.
I never found out who gave me that 15 , but I still remember it. It taught me that even a small act of kindness can make a big difference—especially on a rainy day.
1．A．hall B．office C．library D．classroom
2．A．saw B．put C．left D．threw
3．A．ran away B．went out C．pushed in D．looked around
4．A．hid B．opened C．cleaned D．lifted
5．A．safer B．busier C．better D．longer
6．A．scared B．stressed C．satisfied D．surprised
7．A．yes B．no C．hello D．goodbye
8．A．sign B．lesson C．chance D．promise
9．A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody
10．A．brave B．curious C．secret D．famous
11．1．A．and B．but C．or D．so
12．A．sold B．made C．received D．borrowed
13．A．once B．until C．before D．after
14．A．work B．dress C．smile D．relax
15．A．gift B．book C．lunch D．umbrella
练习二：聚焦名词/形容词辨析与固定搭配
(2025·山东省枣庄市·中考)阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At the age of 13, I received a letter from my parents. The letter 1 my school life.
It was the end of the first term at my new school. I got a very 2 score in the final exam. It was the worst score that I had ever had. And it felt like everyone in the class laughed 3 me. I felt so 4 that I lost my hope.
One day, 5 I arrived home, my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened. I told them the truth. Instead of being angry with me, they said nothing. The next morning, when I 6 , I found there was a letter on my desk. It was from my parents. In the letter, they told me, “Everyone in the world wants to win, 7 none of them can always win, so it’s important for you to learn from failure and don’t lose your hope. We believe you can succeed one day.” Suddenly, I felt warm in my heart. The 8 cheered me up. After I thought about my failure 9 , I found out the reasons and made a plan. By doing so, I learned a lot and became more and more confident.
From my experience, I learned that to be confident is the best way to solve difficulties.
Believe in 10 , and I will win. I’ll remember this forever.
1．A．took B．broke C．changed D．stopped
2．A．good B．bad C．easy D．small
3．A．in B．on C．to D．at
4．A．sad B．lucky C．happy D．bored
5．A．if B．before C．when D．since
6．A．put up B．got up C．looked up D．stood up
7．A．but B．or C．so D．though
8．A．grade B．gift C．letter D．book
9．A．quickly B．finally C．slowly D．carefully
10．A．myself B．yourself C．ourselves D．themselves
练习三：聚焦整体语篇理解与综合判断
(2025·山东省菏泽市·中考)阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It’s amazing that a memory from 50 years ago can still shape your life and touch your heart.
I was seven or eight years old. I was spending a week 1 my Aunt Charlotte in Tennessee. One day, I noticed a 2 about my age playing outside of a worn, old house down the street from my Aunt’s home. I talked to him and we built up a friendship and 3 outside together for the next few days.
One day we were 4 and went inside his house to get a drink of water. I noticed that the shelves (架子) were empty and the fridge was 5 too. When I questioned my new friend about this, he said it was just the end of the month and when his Mom got paid in a few days all the shelves would be full of 6 again.
I told my Aunt Charlotte about it that evening. Without saying a word, she took a pie she was cooking and disappeared out the back door. I later learned that she had 7 the “extra” (额外的) pie to my friend’s Mom. And for the rest of my visit there Aunt Charlotte would have a BIG lunch ready for me and my new 8 each day.
I didn’t realize then what a shining 9 my Aunt Charlotte was being to me. She was actually showing me how to live, how to give and how to 10 .
1．A．visiting B．missing C．protecting
2．A．girl B．boy C．teenager
3．A．dreamed B．argued C．played
4．A．hungry B．thirsty C．sleepy
5．A．dirty B．noisy C．empty
6．A．food B．ice C．wood
7．A．sold B．given C．shown
8．A．relative B．teacher C．friend
9．A．example B．chance C．stage
10．A．cook B．share C．accept
突破点一：上下文逻辑推断题
此类题目重点考查学生根据上下文线索推断未知信息、人物关系、情感态度及情节发展的能力。通常无法直接从单句找到答案，需结合全文逻辑。
典例题（来源：2025年江苏省盐城市中考真题）
原文节选：
... I asked the students sitting near me, but they all said 7. ______. I watched my classmates' faces, hoping that someone would smile or give me a 8. ______. But no one said a word.
7.A．yes B．no C．hello D．goodbye
8.A．sign B．lesson C．chance D．promise
【答案与解析】
· 7. B 上文提到作者询问周围同学盒子是谁放的，但无人承认。后文“But no one said a word”也印证了大家都说“不是自己”。
· 8. A 作者希望有人通过微笑或某种“示意动作”（sign）来承认，而非“课程”“机会”或“承诺”。
变式练（改编自2025年宁夏中考真题）
阅读下面语篇，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I'm David. This is the space where I can help you with your daily life 5. ______. Go ahead and ask away!
Dear David,
I usually find it difficult to focus on my homework. And I can't finish it 6. ______ time. What should I do?
Thomas
Hi, Thomas,
I know it can be hard for you to focus on your homework. But you're not alone! It happens to many kids. Here are some 7. ______ that can help.
David
5.A．abilities B．changes C．illnesses D．problems
6.A．on B．at C．for D．from
7.A．results B．chances C．decisions D．suggestions
解题技巧：
“前后夹击法”：遇到逻辑推断题时：
1.往前看一句：寻找直接线索或原因。
2.往后看一句：确认结果或后续发展。
3.找复现词：同一概念可能用不同词语在上下文重复出现。
4.析情感线：注意形容词、副词及人物对话，把握情感走向。
突破点二：固定搭配与短语辨析题
此类题目考查学生对常用动词短语、介词短语等固定搭配的掌握情况，以及形近短语的辨析能力。
典例题（来源：2025年山东省枣庄市中考真题）
原文节选：
... it felt like everyone in the class laughed 11. ______ me. I felt so sad that I lost my hope.
11.A．in B．on C．to D．at
【答案与解析】
· 11. D 固定搭配 laugh at（嘲笑）。其他介词均不能与 laugh 构成表示“嘲笑”的固定搭配。
变式练（改编自2025年江苏省徐州市中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
... "Tell us again how you 4. ______ to the animals!" said Tom.
"And all about what happened next!" 5. ______ Mary.
4.A．Spoke B．sang C．danced D．read
5.A．replied B．added C．complained D．explained
解题技巧 :
“搭配记忆库”速查法：
1. 归类记忆：将常见动词（如look, take, give, turn）与其高频介词/副词搭配整理成表。
2. 语境定意：同一动词搭配不同介词可能意思完全不同，必须根据语境选择。
3. 排除干扰：先排除明显不符合语境或语法结构的选项。
突破点三：词义辨析与语篇复现题
此类题目考查学生在具体语境中选择最恰当词汇的能力，尤其关注近义词、形近词的辨析，以及通过语篇中的同义复现、反义复现来解题。
典例题（来源：2025年四川省乐山市中考真题）
原文节选：
Mark loved playing the guitar. But he felt 5. ______ because he wasn't getting better at it.
... His dad said, "By practising on smaller hills, you became so good that this big hill wasn't impossible anymore." Mark 6. ______ and nodded.
5.A．happy B．sad C．cool
6.A．smiled B．cried C．shouted
【答案与解析】
5. B 后文提到“没有进步”，因此情感应为消极的 sad。
6. A 理解了父亲的道理后，应是“微笑并点头”。后文“He understood...”也提示了积极情绪。
变式练（改编自2025年吉林省长春市中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Xu Dawei grew up in a village in Shandong... This self-education and growth 6. ______ him to his success... It doesn't set the time when the books should be 7. ______... The reader is 8. ______ to pass it on to someone else...
6.A．questioned B．led C．watched D．excused
7.A．sold B．written C．returned D．checked
8.A．chosen B．encouraged C．warned D．protected
解题技巧 :
“语境定词义”三步法：
1. 判词性：先确定空格处所需词的词性（名、动、形、副等）。
2. 析语境：仔细阅读上下文，把握情感色彩、语义范围（如大小、褒贬）。
3. 找复现：在上下文中寻找与空格词义相同、相近或相反的词，作为解题关键线索。
【总结】
我们要学会：
1.识别不同命题点的题目特征。
2.掌握针对性的解题策略与步骤。
3.实现从“做一道题”到“会一类题”的能力迁移。
难点一：长难句分析与从句引导词选择
典例攻坚（选自2025年江苏省宿迁市中考真题）
Amy didn't believe 1 he said. She still watered the soil three times a day.
1．A．How B．when C．what D．where
答案：C
难点剖析： 此处为宾语从句，从句中“he said”缺少宾语，需用连接代词what来充当said的宾语，意为“他说的话”。how、when、where均为连接副词，不能在从句中作宾语。
解题活动：
从句“成分分析法”步骤：
1.识别从句类型：宾语从句（believe后接宾语）
2.分析从句结构：he said 后缺______（宾语/状语/主语）
3.选择引导词：
缺宾语 → what/which/who(m)
缺状语 → when/where/how/why
缺主语 → who/what/which
4.代入验证：what he said = 他说的话（句子完整）
变式攻坚（模拟题）
I don't understand you could finish such a difficult task in such a short time.
A．how B．what C．when D．which
难点二：情感态度词在叙事中的隐含推断
典例攻坚（选自2025年四川省南充市中考真题）
I did not know 1 she was, but I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel 2 .
1．A．where B．what C．how D．who
2．A．proud B．warm C．free D．nervous
解题活动：
情感线索追踪法：
1.标记情感提示词：bright, friendly
2.排除反向情感词：nervous（紧张）、proud（骄傲）不符合“友好”语境
3.匹配情感强度：free（自由）与“友好”关联较弱；warm（温暖）与“友好、明亮”直接相关
4.代入朗读检验：“It made me feel warm.” 语气自然，情感连贯
变式攻坚（模拟题）
Although he failed the game, his father's words made him feel ___ and hopeful again.
A．cold B．angry C．encouraged D．lonely
难点三：多空连环逻辑题（语篇整体把握）
典例攻坚（选自2025年四川省眉山市中考真题）
When we procrastinate (拖延), "tomorrow" can turn into "next week" or 1 "next year". It's much better to just take care of things 2 han to wait till some imaginary "tomorrow" that may never come.
1．A．once B．just C．even D．still
2．A．yesterday B．today C．then D．tomorrow
答案：C；B
难点剖析：
1题考查递进关系：从“明天”到“下周”再到“甚至明年”，表示程度加深，用even。
2题考查主题呼应：全文批判“拖延”，强调“今天行动”，与tomorrow形成对比，选today。
解题活动：
多空联动解题法：
1.通读段落，把握主题：反对拖延，主张立即行动
2.分析逻辑链条：
3.拖延后果：明天 → 下周 → 甚至明年（程度递进）
4.解决方式：今天做 vs 等待明天（对比选择）
5.代入检验整体一致性：
1题：even 表示“甚至”，强化拖延后果的严重性
2题：today 直接呼应主题“立即行动”
变式攻坚（模拟题）
If you keep putting off your homework, you might ___ finish it tonight, or ___ leave it until the weekend.
A．first…then B．either…or C．not only…but also D．neither…nor
难点四：文化背景与生活常识隐含题
典例攻坚（选自2025年黑龙江省龙东地区中考真题）
In our country, there is a seed 1 in Beijing. It collects all kinds of seeds from 1 places.
1．A．bank B．office C．school
2．A．same B．similar C．different
答案：A；C
难点剖析：
1题考查词汇与文化知识：“种子库”用seed bank，属于固定表达与常识。
2题考查逻辑推理：种子库应收集“不同”地方的种子，以保持多样性。
解题活动：
常识联动推理法：
1.联想相关概念：种子保存机构 → seed bank（类似blood bank）
2.思考机构功能：收集 → 应为多样来源 → different places
3.排除不合理项：
office（办公室）不专门收集种子
same/similar places 不符合“收集多样种子”的目标
变式攻坚（模拟题）
The ___ in the museum collects paintings from all over the world to show different art styles.
A．library B．collection C．playground D．restaurant
第一篇：基础巩固 · 生活哲理类记叙文
主题：拖延的危害
词数：约230词
难度：★★☆☆☆
(2025·四川省眉山市·中考)There was once a man who built his own house. It took him over a year to design and build every part of it. In the end, he had the most beautiful house in the neighborhood. Everyone that walked by would stop to 1 his new house.
But as time went by, his house started to have some 2 . One day, a neighbor said, “Friend, it looks like your front yard is a bit overgrown (杂草丛生的).”
The man replied, “Yes, I know. But it’s Okay. I’ll 3 the grass tomorrow.”
A few days later, a friend came by. He said, “It looks like your windows are a bit 4 .”
The man replied, “Yes, I know. But it’s Okay. I’ll wash them tomorrow.”
Weeks passed by. The man’s brother 5 to pay a visit. He took one look at his brother’s house and couldn’t 6 what he saw. The yard was a mess, the paint on the walls was falling down and the windows were 7 with dirt. The house looked like it could fall apart at any second—all because the man put everything off 8 “tomorrow”.
When we procrastinate (拖延), “tomorrow” can turn into “next week” or 9 “next year”. It’s much better to just take care of things 10 than to wait till some imaginary “tomorrow” that may never come.
1．A．buy B．clean C．build D．admire
2．A．events B．accidents C．problems D．questions
3．A．cut B．plant C．pick D．water
4．A．old B．dirty C．broken D．dangerous
5．A．came in B．came out C．came on D．came over
6．A．believe B．find C．remember D．realize
7．A．connected B．filled C．covered D．mixed
8．A．during B．until C．before D．after
9．A．once B．just C．even D．still
10．A．yesterday B．today C．then D．tomorrow
第二篇：基础巩固 · 人物故事类记叙文
主题：航天员王浩泽的故事
词数：约200词
难度：★★☆☆☆
(2025·四川省乐山市·中考)Today, we are going to talk about Wang Haoze, a member of the Shenzhou-19 crew (神舟十九号乘组). In 2024, Wang Haoze became the third Chinese 1 to travel to space.
She was born in 1990 in Hebei Province. Her mother is a middle school teacher and her father is a policeman. 2 in a family like that, she learned the importance of working hard from an early age.
During her time at university, she showed great 3 ability, so she was always at the top of class. In addition to studying, she was also a sports lover and often took part in sports competitions.
In 2015, Wang finished her studies and started working as a rocket engineer (工程师) in Beijing. One day, she heard about the selection (选拔) of 4 and decided to try for it. About 2,500 people took part in it. Finally, Wang 5 all the tests and became the only woman among 18 astronauts.
From then on, Wang Haoze faced many new challenges (挑战). She went through 6 times at sea and in deserts. And one test was that she couldn’t sleep for 72 hours. However, 7 could make her give up. “I kept going and after nearly 1,000 times of practice, I finally met the training standards,” Wang said. On October 30th, 2024, she was 8 sent into space with two other astronauts, and realised her lifelong dream of travelling to space.
1．A．man B．woman C．student D．police
2．A．Growing up B．Waking up C．Caught up D．Taken up
3．A．sports B．painting C．music D．learning
4．A．engineers B．astronauts C．teachers D．scientists
5．A．failed B．found C．passed D．lost
6．A．relaxing B．comfortable C．free D．difficult
7．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something
8．A．successfully B．nearly C．usually D．awfully
第三篇：能力提升 · 社会现象说明文
主题：中国肥胖问题与健康计划
词数：约250词
难度：★★★☆☆
(2025·四川省德阳市·中考)China has made a plan to help its people with weight control. The plan was introduced at this year’s “Two Sessions” (两会). Under the plan, there will be 1 working on diseases caused by obesity (肥胖症) in hospitals all over the country. They will give 2 advice on how to lose weight. This shows China 3 people’s health.
Obesity has 4 increased in China over the past 40 years. People are eating more and exercising 5 . By 2021, more than 400 million adults were too heavy. According to a study in a medical magazine, this number will rise to 630 million by 2050.
Being heavy can be harmful to our 6 . It causes many diseases. Big cities like Beijing and Shanghai have already started the fight against obesity. They use 7 ways to help people lose weight. These include healthy diets and traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, people in the 8 also need help because obesity has been on the rise since 2005 in town and country areas.
We can see many ways to lose weight in social media. However, they can be dangerous. So China is now making medicine to help 9 weight safely.
The government is calling for the support of hotels, schools and businesses. For example, schools are teaching students about healthy 10 . In some cities, junk food isn’t allowed to be sold at or near schools.
1．A．farmers B．writers C．teachers D．doctors
2．A．peaceful B．medical C．beautiful D．natural
3．A．cares about B．turns down C．looks for D．learns from
4．A．happily B．greatly C．luckily D．differently
5．A．less B．better C．more D．harder
6．A．power B．success C．health D．wealth
7．A．cheap B．difficult C．safe D．funny
8．A．city B．school C．museum D．countryside
9．A．control B．record C．describe D．guess
10．A．sleeping B．exercising C．eating D．reading
第四篇：能力提升 · 文化传承类记叙文
主题：流动图书馆与分享精神
词数：约280词
难度：★★★★☆
(2025·吉林省长春市·中考)Xu Dawei grew up in a village in Shandong. He learned much knowledge through reading. This self-education and growth 1 him to his success. He opened a library in 2010 after several years of working.
The library is different from 2 ones. It doesn’t set the time when the books should be 3 . A reader can take one book every two weeks. The reader is 4 to pass it on to someone else when he finishes reading. Xu often shares his book lists online. If readers cannot find those books in their local libraries, he will mail the books to them for free as 5 as possible.
Sitting in a small hutong in Dongcheng district, Beijing, the library is just seven square meters in size. It 6 thousands of books about different subjects.
The library was moved because of money problems. The 7 of the library has changed three times. However, the library is still 8 now.
“It might be the 9 library in the world,” said Xu. “But in another sense, it’s also the biggest because the books keep 10 . I don’t even know where some of them have ended up.”
Xu recalled the 11 of one reader who borrowed an English book on Chinese garden history. Later, the reader 12 passed it to a neighbor, who took it to Germany. “Just imagine it: that book started out from a small hutong, and 13 all the way to Europe. The 14 cannot be seen, yet powerful,” Xu said.
It’s the most 15 thing Xu has done for the society. He will pass the library on and it can keep reading from disappearing to some degree.
1．A．questioned B．led C．watched D．excused
2．A．traditional B．useful C．noisy D．tidy
3．A．sold B．written C．returned D．checked
4．A．chosen B．encouraged C．warned D．protected
5．A．high B．soon C．luckily D．badly
6．A．coats B．grades C．tapes D．houses
7．A．address B．shape C．name D．member
8．A．strict B．alive C．simple D．quiet
9．A．strongest B．smallest C．oldest D．safest
10．A．copying B．shining C．repeating D．moving
11．A．joke B．class C．story D．birthday
12．A．naturally B．suddenly C．nervously D．coldly
13．A．traveled B．met C．relaxed D．pulled
14．A．language B．prize C．reason D．journey
15．A．honest B．comfortable C．meaningful D．peaceful
第五篇：培优冲刺 · 社会服务说明文
主题：高铁宠物随行新服务
词数：约320词
难度：★★★★★
(2025·四川省德阳市·中考)China Railway is testing a new service. For the first time, passengers can travel together with their pets along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.
The new service 1 a rule of “leaving at the same time and arriving at the same time”. It makes sure that pets and their owners travel on the same train.
The service is being tested on 10 trains now. Pet 2 must buy the tickets online. It must be at least two days 3 the trip and then they may take one healthy, family-trained cat or dog each person. The pet must weigh no more than 15kg and 4 no taller than 40cm at the shoulder.
This is 5 news for pet lovers in China. If the test works well, more trains may allow pets in the future.
1．A．forgets B．breaks C．follows D．changes
2．A．owners B．sellers C．trainers D．volunteers
3．A．after B．before C．along D．during
4．A．run B．stand C．jump D．walk
5．A．boring B．tiring C．disappointing D．exciting
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专题02 完形填空
目 录
目标导图
考点深解
一、完形填空考查能力结构图
二、核心考点解析表
三、易混概念对比剖析表（★重点掌握）
四、解题思维路径图（★实战指导）
命题突破
突破点一：上下文逻辑推断题
突破点二：固定搭配与短语辨析题
突破点三：词义辨析与语篇复现题
重难攻坚
难点一：长难句分析与从句引导词选择
难点二：情感态度词在叙事中的隐含推断
难点三：多空连环逻辑题（语篇整体把握）
难点四：文化背景与生活常识隐含题
练测提能
一、完形填空考查能力结构图
二、核心考点解析表
考点类别
具体考点
考查形式
解题关键
易错提醒
词汇辨析
名词辨析
近义名词选择
结合语境，注意名词的搭配对象和范围
易混淆：
• gift/present（都指礼物，但gift更正式）
• problem/question（problem是“问题/难题”，question是“疑问/考题”）
动词辨析
动作描述、心理活动
注意主谓搭配、及物不及物、时态一致
易混淆：
• say/speak/tell/talk（say+内容；speak+语言；tell+人+事；
talk about/with）
• look/see/watch（look看动作；see看见结果；watch观看过程）
形容词/副词辨析
修饰名词或动词
注意感情色彩、程度强弱、固定修饰
易混淆：
• excited/exciting（excited人感到兴奋；exciting物令人兴奋）
• hard/hardly（hard努力/坚硬；hardly几乎不）
固定搭配
动词短语
动词+介词/副词
熟记常见搭配，注意语义完整性
易错：
• look after（照顾）≠ look for（寻找）
• give up（放弃）≠ give out（分发）
介词短语
时间、地点、方式
注意介词与名词的逻辑关系
易错：
• on time（准时）≠ in time（及时）
• at school（在学校）≠ in school（在上学）
语法判断
时态语态
根据上下文时间线索
找时间状语、上下文时态一致性
易错：
• 过去时与现在完成时混淆
• 被动语态漏掉be动词
连词选择
句子逻辑关系
判断句间关系：因果、转折、并列、条件等
易混淆：
• because（原因）≠ so（结果）
• although（虽然）≠ but（但是）不同时出现
从句引导词
定语/状语/名词从句
分析从句成分，判断引导词功能
易错：
• that/what引导名词从句的区别
• when/where/why在定语从句中的误用
语篇逻辑
上下文复现
同词、同义、反义复现
寻找文中已出现或隐含的词汇线索
易忽略：
•代词指代（it/they/this等）的准确对应
情感态度
通过形容词、副词、对话推断
把握人物情绪变化线
易误判:
• 作者态度（中性/褒义/贬义）
文化常识
中西文化差异、生活常识
结合生活经验，避免中式思维
易错：
• 西方节日习俗、日常礼仪误解
三、易混概念对比剖析表（★重点掌握）
对比组
区别要点
例句对比
常见陷阱
say
/tell
/speak
/talk
say+内容；
tell+人+内容；
speak+语言；
talk+with/about
He said hello.
He told me a story.
She speaks English.
They are talking about the film.
混淆tell与say的宾语结构
look
/see
/watch
look强调“看”的动作；
see强调“看见”的结果；
watch强调“观看”过程
Look at the picture!
Can you see the bird?
I watch TV every night.
误用look表示“看见”
Because
/so
because引导原因状语从句；
so引导结果状语从句，两者不同时出现
Because it rained, we stayed home.
It rained, so we stayed home.
句中同时使用because和so
although/but
although引导让步状语从句；
but引导转折并列句，两者不同时出现
Although he is young, he is wise.
He is young, but he is wise.
句中同时使用although和but
take/
Bring
/fetch
take带走（远离说话者）；
bring带来（朝向说话者）；
fetch去取回
Take this book to your sister.
Bring your homework here.
Fetch some water from the well.
方向性混淆
spend
/take
/cost
人+spend+时间/钱+on/(in) doing；
It takes+人+时间+to do；
物+cost+人+钱
I spend two hours on homework.
It takes me two hours to do homework.
The book costs me 20 yuan.
主语与动词搭配错误
四、解题思维路径图（★实战指导）
练习一：聚焦动词辨析与上下文逻辑
(2025·江苏省盐城市·中考)阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It was a cold, rainy Monday morning. By the time I got to the 1 , my shoes were full of water, and I was tired and unhappy.
When I walked in, I 2 something on my desk. It was a small paper box, carefully folded, with my name written on top. I 3 but no one seemed to notice me. I slowly 4 the box. Inside were a chocolate bar and a note: “Hope today gets 5 !”
At first, I thought the teacher had left it. But she looked just as 6 as I was. I asked the students sitting near me, but they all said 7 . I watched my classmates’ faces, hoping that someone would smile or give me a 8 . But no one said a word.
At lunch, I sat with my friend Maya. “ 9 gave me this,” I said, showing her the note. She read it and smiled, “Looks like you have a 10 friend.”
“Maybe,” I smiled. Out of the window, the rain was still falling, 11 somehow it didn’t feel so heavy.
The next day, I 12 three small paper boxes with candies inside. I quietly placed them on three desks 13 class began. I didn’t write my name on them. I just wanted someone else to 14 like I did.
I never found out who gave me that 15 , but I still remember it. It taught me that even a small act of kindness can make a big difference—especially on a rainy day.
1．A．hall B．office C．library D．classroom
2．A．saw B．put C．left D．threw
3．A．ran away B．went out C．pushed in D．looked around
4．A．hid B．opened C．cleaned D．lifted
5．A．safer B．busier C．better D．longer
6．A．scared B．stressed C．satisfied D．surprised
7．A．yes B．no C．hello D．goodbye
8．A．sign B．lesson C．chance D．promise
9．A．Somebody B．Anybody C．Everybody D．Nobody
10．A．brave B．curious C．secret D．famous
11．A．and B．but C．or D．so
12．A．sold B．made C．received D．borrowed
13．A．once B．until C．before D．after
14．A．work B．dress C．smile D．relax
15．A．gift B．book C．lunch D．umbrella
【答案】
1．D 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．B 8．A 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．C 14．C 15．A
【导语】本文是一个关于善意传递的温暖故事。故事通过这个简单的互动展现了善意传递的力量和人与人之间的温暖连接。
1．句意：当我到达教室时，我的鞋子里全是水，我又累又不开心。
hall大厅；office办公室；library图书馆；classroom教室。根据下文“When I walked in, I...something on my desk.”可知，此处指到达教室。故选D。
2．句意：当我走进去时，我看到我桌子上有什么东西。
saw看见；put放；left离开；threw扔。根据“something on my desk”可知，此处指看到桌子上有东西。故选A。
3．句意：我环顾四周，但似乎没人注意到我。
ran away逃跑；went out出去；pushed in推进去；looked around环顾四周。根据“but no one seemed to notice me”可知，此处指环顾四周，看有没有人注意到自己。故选D。
4．句意：我慢慢地打开了盒子。
hid隐藏；opened打开；cleaned打扫；lifted举起。根据“Inside were a chocolate bar and a note”可知，此处指打开盒子。故选B。
5．句意：希望今天会变得更好！
safer更安全的；busier更忙的；better更好的；longer更长的。根据“Inside were a chocolate bar and a note”可知，送了礼物应是希望今天会变得更好。故选C。
6．句意：但她看起来和我一样惊讶。
scared害怕的；stressed紧张的；satisfied满意的；surprised惊讶的。根据上文“At first, I thought the teacher had left it.”可知，作者一开始以为是老师放的，但老师看起来和作者一样惊讶。故选D。
7．句意：我问坐在我附近的学生，但他们都说不。
yes是；no不；hello你好；goodbye再见。根据“But”可知，前后句意出现转折，所以应是学生们都说不是自己放的。故选B。
8．句意：我看着同学们的脸，希望有人能微笑或给我一个示意的动作。
sign示意的动作；lesson课程；chance机会；promise承诺。根据“hoping that someone would smile”可知，此处指希望有人能给自己一个微笑或者示意的动作。故选A。
9．句意：“有人给了我这个，”我说着，把纸条给她看。
Somebody有人；Anybody任何人；Everybody每个人；Nobody没有人。根据上文描述可知，作者不知道是谁放的，所以此处指有人给了自己这个。故选A。
10．句意：她看了之后笑了：“看来你有一个神秘的朋友。”
brave勇敢的；curious好奇的；secret神秘的；famous著名的。根据上文描述可知，作者不知道是谁放的，所以此处指神秘的朋友。故选C。
11．句意：窗外，雨还在下，但不知怎么的，它并没有让人感觉那么猛烈。
and和；but但是；or或者；so所以。根据前后句意可知，此处存在转折关系，所以用but连接。故选B。
12．句意：第二天，我做了三个里面装着糖果的小纸盒。
sold卖；made制作；received收到；borrowed借。根据下文“I didn’t write my name on them.”可知，此处指做了三个小纸盒。故选B。
13．句意：上课前，我悄悄地把它们放在了三张桌子上。
once一旦；until直到……为止；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“I quietly placed them on three desks...class began.”可知，此处指上课前把纸盒放在了桌子上。故选C。
14．句意：我只是想让别人像我一样微笑。
work工作；dress穿衣服；smile微笑；relax放松。与前文主角的情绪变化形成呼应，收到礼物应是感到开心。故选C。
15．句意：我从来不知道是谁给了我那个礼物，但我仍然记得它。
gift礼物；book书；lunch午饭；umbrella雨伞。根据“It was a small paper box, carefully folded, with my name written on top.”可知，此处指那个装着巧克力和纸条的纸盒是作者收到的礼物。故选A。
【考点回顾】
第2题：动词辨析（saw vs. put/left/threw），根据语境“走进去发现”。
第3题：短语动词辨析（looked around表示“环顾四周”）。
第4题：动词辨析（opened the box，“打开盒子”是合理动作）。
第6、8题：上下文逻辑与名词辨析（通过情感线索和情节推断）。
练习二：聚焦名词/形容词辨析与固定搭配
(2025·山东省枣庄市·中考)阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
At the age of 13, I received a letter from my parents. The letter 1 my school life.
It was the end of the first term at my new school. I got a very 2 score in the final exam. It was the worst score that I had ever had. And it felt like everyone in the class laughed 3 me. I felt so 4 that I lost my hope.
One day, 5 I arrived home, my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened. I told them the truth. Instead of being angry with me, they said nothing. The next morning, when I 6 , I found there was a letter on my desk. It was from my parents. In the letter, they told me, “Everyone in the world wants to win, 7 none of them can always win, so it’s important for you to learn from failure and don’t lose your hope. We believe you can succeed one day.” Suddenly, I felt warm in my heart. The 8 cheered me up. After I thought about my failure 9 , I found out the reasons and made a plan. By doing so, I learned a lot and became more and more confident.
From my experience, I learned that to be confident is the best way to solve difficulties.
Believe in 10 , and I will win. I’ll remember this forever.
1．A．took B．broke C．changed D．stopped
2．A．good B．bad C．easy D．small
3．A．in B．on C．to D．at
4．A．sad B．lucky C．happy D．bored
5．A．if B．before C．when D．since
6．A．put up B．got up C．looked up D．stood up
7．A．but B．or C．so D．though
8．A．grade B．gift C．letter D．book
9．A．quickly B．finally C．slowly D．carefully
10．A．myself B．yourself C．ourselves D．themselves
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．D 4．A 5．C 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A
【导语】本文讲述了作者13岁时在新学校第一学期期末考试中取得了非常糟糕的成绩，感到非常沮丧。父母通过一封信鼓励作者从失败中学习，不要失去希望。这封信让作者重拾信心，通过反思失败原因并制定计划，最终变得更加自信。
1．句意：这封信改变了我的学校生活。
took拿走；broke打破；changed改变；stopped停止。根据下文的介绍以及“The…cheered me up”可知，这封信改变了作者的生活，故选C。
2．句意：我在期末考试中取得了非常糟糕的成绩。
good好的；bad糟糕的；easy容易的；small小的。根据“It was the worst score”可知，取得了糟糕的成绩，故选B。
3．句意：那种感觉就像是班里的每一个人都在嘲笑我。
in在……里；on在……上；to向；at对。laugh at“嘲笑”，固定搭配，故选D。
4．句意：我感到如此悲伤以至于失去了希望。
sad悲伤的；lucky幸运的；happy开心的；bored无聊的。根据“I lost my hope”可知，糟糕的成绩让作者感到悲伤，以至于失去了希望，故选A。
5．句意：有一天，当我回到家时，我的父母察觉到了我的问题，并问我发生了什么事。
if如果；before在……之前；when当……时；since自从。根据“I arrived home, my parents noticed my problem and asked me what had happened. ”可知，当作者到家时，父母察觉了问题，故选C。
6．句意：第二天早上，当我起床时，发现桌上有封信。
put up张贴；got up起床；looked up查阅；stood up站起来。根据“The next morning”可知，此处指早上起床时，故选B。
7．句意：世界上每个人都想赢，但没有人能总是赢。
but但是；or或者；so所以；though虽然。“Everyone in the world wants to win”与“none of them can always win”是转折关系，故选A。
8．句意：这封信让我振作起来。
grade成绩；gift礼物；letter信；book书。根据“I found there was a letter on my desk.”可知，信里的内容让作者振作起来，故选C。
9．句意：在仔细思考了自己的失败之后，我找到了原因并制定了计划。
quickly快速地；finally最终；slowly缓慢地；carefully仔细地。根据“thought about my failure”可知，仔细了失败的原因，故选D。
10．句意：相信自己，我就会赢。
myself我自己；yourself你自己；ourselves我们自己；themselves他们自己。根据“I will win”可知，此处是对自己的鼓励，主语是I，反身代词用myself，故选A。
【考点回顾】
第3题：固定搭配 laugh at（嘲笑）。
第5题：连词辨析（when引导时间状语从句）。
第6题：动词短语辨析（got up“起床”符合早晨情境）。
第7题：逻辑连词（but表示转折，“想赢，但不可能总是赢”）。
第9题：副词辨析（carefully“仔细地”思考失败原因）。
练习三：聚焦整体语篇理解与综合判断
(2025·山东省菏泽市·中考)阅读下面短文，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
It’s amazing that a memory from 50 years ago can still shape your life and touch your heart.
I was seven or eight years old. I was spending a week 1 my Aunt Charlotte in Tennessee. One day, I noticed a 2 about my age playing outside of a worn, old house down the street from my Aunt’s home. I talked to him and we built up a friendship and 3 outside together for the next few days.
One day we were 4 and went inside his house to get a drink of water. I noticed that the shelves (架子) were empty and the fridge was 5 too. When I questioned my new friend about this, he said it was just the end of the month and when his Mom got paid in a few days all the shelves would be full of 6 again.
I told my Aunt Charlotte about it that evening. Without saying a word, she took a pie she was cooking and disappeared out the back door. I later learned that she had 7 the “extra” (额外的) pie to my friend’s Mom. And for the rest of my visit there Aunt Charlotte would have a BIG lunch ready for me and my new 8 each day.
I didn’t realize then what a shining 9 my Aunt Charlotte was being to me. She was actually showing me how to live, how to give and how to 10 .
1．A．visiting B．missing C．protecting
2．A．girl B．boy C．teenager
3．A．dreamed B．argued C．played
4．A．hungry B．thirsty C．sleepy
5．A．dirty B．noisy C．empty
6．A．food B．ice C．wood
7．A．sold B．given C．shown
8．A．relative B．teacher C．friend
9．A．example B．chance C．stage
10．A．cook B．share C．accept
【答案】
1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．B 8．C 9．A 10．B
【导语】本文讲述了作者50年前在夏洛特阿姨家做客时的一段经历。
1．句意：我花了一个星期的时间去田纳西州看望我的夏洛特阿姨。
visiting看望；missing错过；protecting保护。根据“my Aunt Charlotte”可知，此处指看望夏洛特阿姨。故选A。
2．句意：有一天，我注意到一个和我年龄相仿的男孩在阿姨家那条街上的一所破旧的老房子外面玩耍。
girl女孩；boy男孩；teenager青少年。根据“about my age”和“I talked to him”可知，年龄相仿且是男生，所以应填boy。故选B。
3．句意：我和他聊了聊，我们建立了友谊，并在接下来的几天里一起在外面玩。
dreamed梦想；argued争论；played玩耍。根据“we built up a friendship”可知，作者和男孩成了朋友，所以此处指一起玩耍。故选C。
4．句意：一天，我们口渴了，就到他的房子里去喝水。
hungry饥饿的；thirsty口渴的；sleepy困倦的。根据“went inside his house to get a drink of water”可知，此处指口渴了。故选B。
5．句意：我注意到架子是空的，冰箱也是空的。
dirty肮脏的；noisy吵闹的；empty空的。根据“too”可知，冰箱也是空的。故选C。
6．句意：当我向我的新朋友询问这件事时，他说现在是月底，等他妈妈几天后拿到工资时，所有的架子上又会摆满食物。
food食物；ice冰淇淋；wood木材。根据上文可知，架子和冰箱都是空的，所以此处指摆满食物。故选A。
7．句意：后来我才知道，她把那个“额外的”派给了我朋友的妈妈。
sold卖；given给予；shown展示。根据上文可知，男孩家没有食物，要等到男孩的妈妈发工资才能买食物，所以夏洛特阿姨把派给了男孩的妈妈。故选B。
8．句意：在接下来的日子里，夏洛特阿姨每天都会为我和我的新朋友准备一顿丰盛的午餐。
relative亲戚；teacher老师；friend朋友。根据“we built up a friendship”可知，男孩是作者的新朋友，所以此处指夏洛特阿姨为我和我的新朋友准备一顿丰盛的午餐。故选C。
9．句意：那时我还没有意识到夏洛特阿姨对我来说是一个多么光辉的榜样。
example榜样；chance机会；stage舞台。根据上文可知，当作者发现新朋友家境贫困时，夏洛特阿姨用实际行动（送派、准备丰盛的午餐）来帮助他人，这种无声的善举给作者树立了光辉的榜样。故选A。
10．句意：她实际上是在告诉我如何生活，如何给予，如何分享。
cook烹饪；share分享；accept接受。根据“She was actually showing me how to live, how to give and how to...”并结合文章可知，夏洛特阿姨无私地帮助他人，这向作者展示了如何生活、给予和分享。故选B。
【考点回顾】
第1题：动词辨析（visiting “拜访”阿姨）。
第2题：上下文指代（后文用“him”提示是男孩）。
第4题：逻辑推理（去喝水说明“thirsty”）。
第5、6题：上下文复现（empty shelves 对应 full of food）。
第7题：动词辨析（given “给予” pie）。
第9、10题：语篇主旨理解（阿姨是“榜样”，教我们如何“分享”）。
突破点一：上下文逻辑推断题
此类题目重点考查学生根据上下文线索推断未知信息、人物关系、情感态度及情节发展的能力。通常无法直接从单句找到答案，需结合全文逻辑。
典例题（来源：2025年江苏省盐城市中考真题）
原文节选：
... I asked the students sitting near me, but they all said 7. ______. I watched my classmates' faces, hoping that someone would smile or give me a 8. ______. But no one said a word.
7.A．yes B．no C．hello D．goodbye
8.A．sign B．lesson C．chance D．promise
【答案与解析】
· 7. B 上文提到作者询问周围同学盒子是谁放的，但无人承认。后文“But no one said a word”也印证了大家都说“不是自己”。
· 8. A 作者希望有人通过微笑或某种“示意动作”（sign）来承认，而非“课程”“机会”或“承诺”。
变式练（改编自2025年宁夏中考真题）
阅读下面语篇，理解其大意，然后从各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
I'm David. This is the space where I can help you with your daily life 5. ______. Go ahead and ask away!
Dear David,
I usually find it difficult to focus on my homework. And I can't finish it 6. ______ time. What should I do?
Thomas
Hi, Thomas,
I know it can be hard for you to focus on your homework. But you're not alone! It happens to many kids. Here are some 7. ______ that can help.
David
5.A．abilities B．changes C．illnesses D．problems
6.A．on B．at C．for D．from
7.A．results B．chances C．decisions D．suggestions
【答案与解析】
5.D 下文是求助信，说明这个空间是帮助解决“问题”的。
6.A 固定搭配 on time（按时）。
7.D 下文将给出具体建议，故为 suggestions。
解题技巧：
“前后夹击法”：遇到逻辑推断题时：
1.往前看一句：寻找直接线索或原因。
2.往后看一句：确认结果或后续发展。
3.找复现词：同一概念可能用不同词语在上下文重复出现。
4.析情感线：注意形容词、副词及人物对话，把握情感走向。
突破点二：固定搭配与短语辨析题
此类题目考查学生对常用动词短语、介词短语等固定搭配的掌握情况，以及形近短语的辨析能力。
典例题（来源：2025年山东省枣庄市中考真题）
原文节选：
... it felt like everyone in the class laughed 11. ______ me. I felt so sad that I lost my hope.
11.A．in B．on C．to D．at
【答案与解析】
· 11. D 固定搭配 laugh at（嘲笑）。其他介词均不能与 laugh 构成表示“嘲笑”的固定搭配。
变式练（改编自2025年江苏省徐州市中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
... "Tell us again how you 4. ______ to the animals!" said Tom.
"And all about what happened next!" 5. ______ Mary.
4.A．Spoke B．sang C．danced D．read
5.A．replied B．added C．complained D．explained
【答案与解析】
4. A 固定搭配 speak to（和……说话）。
5. B 玛丽在汤姆的话之后进行“补充”，故用 added。
解题技巧 :
“搭配记忆库”速查法：
1. 归类记忆：将常见动词（如look, take, give, turn）与其高频介词/副词搭配整理成表。
2. 语境定意：同一动词搭配不同介词可能意思完全不同，必须根据语境选择。
3. 排除干扰：先排除明显不符合语境或语法结构的选项。
突破点三：词义辨析与语篇复现题
此类题目考查学生在具体语境中选择最恰当词汇的能力，尤其关注近义词、形近词的辨析，以及通过语篇中的同义复现、反义复现来解题。
典例题（来源：2025年四川省乐山市中考真题）
原文节选：
Mark loved playing the guitar. But he felt 5. ______ because he wasn't getting better at it.
... His dad said, "By practising on smaller hills, you became so good that this big hill wasn't impossible anymore." Mark 6. ______ and nodded.
5.A．happy B．sad C．cool
6.A．smiled B．cried C．shouted
【答案与解析】
5. B 后文提到“没有进步”，因此情感应为消极的 sad。
6. A 理解了父亲的道理后，应是“微笑并点头”。后文“He understood...”也提示了积极情绪。
变式练（改编自2025年吉林省长春市中考真题）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
Xu Dawei grew up in a village in Shandong... This self-education and growth 6. ______ him to his success... It doesn't set the time when the books should be 7. ______... The reader is 8. ______ to pass it on to someone else...
6.A．questioned B．led C．watched D．excused
7.A．sold B．written C．returned D．checked
8.A．chosen B．encouraged C．warned D．protected
【答案与解析】
6. B lead sb to success（引领某人走向成功）。
7. C 图书馆不设定“还书”时间，符合图书馆规则。
8. B 读者被“鼓励”将书传递下去，符合文章倡导的分享精神。
解题技巧 :
“语境定词义”三步法：
1.判词性：先确定空格处所需词的词性（名、动、形、副等）。
2.析语境：仔细阅读上下文，把握情感色彩、语义范围（如大小、褒贬）。
3.找复现：在上下文中寻找与空格词义相同、相近或相反的词，作为解题关键线索。
【总结】
我们要学会：
1.识别不同命题点的题目特征。
2.掌握针对性的解题策略与步骤。
3.实现从“做一道题”到“会一类题”的能力迁移。
难点一：长难句分析与从句引导词选择
典例攻坚（选自2025年江苏省宿迁市中考真题）
Amy didn't believe 1 he said. She still watered the soil three times a day.
1．A．How B．when C．what D．where
答案：C
难点剖析： 此处为宾语从句，从句中“he said”缺少宾语，需用连接代词what来充当said的宾语，意为“他说的话”。how、when、where均为连接副词，不能在从句中作宾语。
解题活动：
从句“成分分析法”步骤：
1.识别从句类型：宾语从句（believe后接宾语）
2.分析从句结构：he said 后缺______（宾语/状语/主语）
3.选择引导词：
缺宾语 → what/which/who(m)
缺状语 → when/where/how/why
缺主语 → who/what/which
4.代入验证：what he said = 他说的话（句子完整）
变式攻坚（模拟题）
I don't understand you could finish such a difficult task in such a short time.
A．how B．what C．when D．which
答案：A
难点二：情感态度词在叙事中的隐含推断
典例攻坚（选自2025年四川省南充市中考真题）
I did not know 1 she was, but I felt the touch of something bright and friendly. It made me feel 2 .
1．A．where B．what C．how D．who
2．A．proud B．warm C．free D．nervous
答案：D；B
难点剖析：
1.题考查上下文推断：前文提到“一个女孩经过并对我微笑”，因此“我不知道她是谁”，用who。
2.题考查情感词选择：前文描述“明亮而友好的感觉”，后文应为正向情感，warm（温暖）最贴合语境。
解题活动：
情感线索追踪法：
1.标记情感提示词：bright, friendly
2.排除反向情感词：nervous（紧张）、proud（骄傲）不符合“友好”语境
3.匹配情感强度：free（自由）与“友好”关联较弱；warm（温暖）与“友好、明亮”直接相关
4.代入朗读检验：“It made me feel warm.” 语气自然，情感连贯
变式攻坚（模拟题）
Although he failed the game, his father's words made him feel ___ and hopeful again.
A．cold B．angry C．encouraged D．lonely
答案：C
难点三：多空连环逻辑题（语篇整体把握）
典例攻坚（选自2025年四川省眉山市中考真题）
When we procrastinate (拖延), "tomorrow" can turn into "next week" or 1 "next year". It's much better to just take care of things 2 han to wait till some imaginary "tomorrow" that may never come.
1．A．once B．just C．even D．still
2．A．yesterday B．today C．then D．tomorrow
答案：C；B
难点剖析：
1题考查递进关系：从“明天”到“下周”再到“甚至明年”，表示程度加深，用even。
2题考查主题呼应：全文批判“拖延”，强调“今天行动”，与tomorrow形成对比，选today。
解题活动：
多空联动解题法：
1.通读段落，把握主题：反对拖延，主张立即行动
2.分析逻辑链条：
3.拖延后果：明天 → 下周 → 甚至明年（程度递进）
4.解决方式：今天做 vs 等待明天（对比选择）
5.代入检验整体一致性：
1题：even 表示“甚至”，强化拖延后果的严重性
2题：today 直接呼应主题“立即行动”
变式攻坚（模拟题）
If you keep putting off your homework, you might ___ finish it tonight, or ___ leave it until the weekend.
A．first…then B．either…or C．not only…but also D．neither…nor
答案：B
难点四：文化背景与生活常识隐含题
典例攻坚（选自2025年黑龙江省龙东地区中考真题）
In our country, there is a seed 1 in Beijing. It collects all kinds of seeds from 1 places.
1．A．bank B．office C．school
2．A．same B．similar C．different
答案：A；C
难点剖析：
1.题考查词汇与文化知识：“种子库”用seed bank，属于固定表达与常识。
2.题考查逻辑推理：种子库应收集“不同”地方的种子，以保持多样性。
解题活动：
常识联动推理法：
1.联想相关概念：种子保存机构 → seed bank（类似blood bank）
2.思考机构功能：收集 → 应为多样来源 → different places
3.排除不合理项：
office（办公室）不专门收集种子
same/similar places 不符合“收集多样种子”的目标
变式攻坚（模拟题）
The ___ in the museum collects paintings from all over the world to show different art styles.
A．library B．collection C．playground D．restaurant
答案：B
第一篇：基础巩固 · 生活哲理类记叙文
主题：拖延的危害
词数：约230词
难度：★★☆☆☆
(2025·四川省眉山市·中考)There was once a man who built his own house. It took him over a year to design and build every part of it. In the end, he had the most beautiful house in the neighborhood. Everyone that walked by would stop to 1 his new house.
But as time went by, his house started to have some 2 . One day, a neighbor said, “Friend, it looks like your front yard is a bit overgrown (杂草丛生的).”
The man replied, “Yes, I know. But it’s Okay. I’ll 3 the grass tomorrow.”
A few days later, a friend came by. He said, “It looks like your windows are a bit 4 .”
The man replied, “Yes, I know. But it’s Okay. I’ll wash them tomorrow.”
Weeks passed by. The man’s brother 5 to pay a visit. He took one look at his brother’s house and couldn’t 6 what he saw. The yard was a mess, the paint on the walls was falling down and the windows were 7 with dirt. The house looked like it could fall apart at any second—all because the man put everything off 8 “tomorrow”.
When we procrastinate (拖延), “tomorrow” can turn into “next week” or 9 “next year”. It’s much better to just take care of things 10 than to wait till some imaginary “tomorrow” that may never come.
1．A．buy B．clean C．build D．admire
2．A．events B．accidents C．problems D．questions
3．A．cut B．plant C．pick D．water
4．A．old B．dirty C．broken D．dangerous
5．A．came in B．came out C．came on D．came over
6．A．believe B．find C．remember D．realize
7．A．connected B．filled C．covered D．mixed
8．A．during B．until C．before D．after
9．A．once B．just C．even D．still
10．A．yesterday B．today C．then D．tomorrow
【答案】
1．D 2．C 3．A 4．B 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．B
【导语】本文通过一个人拖延修理房屋的故事，揭示了拖延的危害，告诫我们要及时行动而非等待“明天”。
1．句意： 每个路过的人都会停下来欣赏他的新房子。
buy购买；clean清洁；build建造；admire欣赏。根据“the most beautiful house in the neighborhood”可知，房子很漂亮，路人应是“欣赏”。故选D。
2．句意： 但随着时间的推移，他的房子开始出现一些问题。
events事件；accidents事故；problems问题；questions疑问。根据后文“front yard is overgrown”和“windows are dirty”可知，房子出现了“问题”。故选C。
3．句意： 我会明天修剪杂草。
cut修剪；plant种植；pick采摘；water浇水。根据“ it looks like your front yard is a bit overgrown (杂草丛生的)可知，前院杂草丛生，所以需要“修剪”杂草。故选A。
4．句意： 你的窗户有点脏。
old旧的；dirty脏的；broken破碎的；dangerous危险的。根据后文“wash them tomorrow”可知，窗户是“脏了”。故选B。
5．句意： 男人的兄弟过来拜访。
came in进入；came out出来；came on开始；came over过来。“pay a visit”表示“拜访”，需搭配“came over”，指过来拜访。故选D。
6．句意： 他看了一眼他兄弟的房子，简直不敢相信他所看到的。
believe相信；find发现；remember记得；realize意识到。根据“The yard was a mess, the paint on the walls was falling down and the windows were... with dirt. The house looked like it could fall apart at any second”可知，房子状况极差，兄弟“难以置信”。故选A。
7．句意： 院子里一片狼藉，墙上的油漆掉了下来，窗户上满是灰尘。
connected连接；filled填满；covered覆盖；mixed混合。根据 “The yard was a mess...with dirt”可知，此处是描述房子的糟糕情况，所以应是窗户被污垢“覆盖”。故选C。
8．句意： 房子看起来随时都可能倒塌——这都是因为那个男人把所有的事情都推迟到“明天”。
during在……期间；until直到；before在……之前；after在……之后。根据“put everything off ... ‘tomorrow’.”可知，此处指把所有的事推迟到明天，until“直到”符合语境。故选B。
9．句意： 当我们拖延的时候，“明天”就会变成“下周”甚至“明年”。
once曾经；just仅仅；even甚至；still仍然。 根据“next year”比“next week”程度更深，需用“even”强调递进。故选C。
10．句意： 把今天的事情做好，总比等到想象中可能永远不会到来的“明天”要好得多。
yesterday昨天；today今天；then那时；tomorrow明天。 全文主旨是反对拖延，强调“今天”行动，所以此处指把今天的事做好。故选B。
第二篇：基础巩固 · 人物故事类记叙文
主题：航天员王浩泽的故事
词数：约200词
难度：★★☆☆☆
(2025·四川省乐山市·中考)Today, we are going to talk about Wang Haoze, a member of the Shenzhou-19 crew (神舟十九号乘组). In 2024, Wang Haoze became the third Chinese 1 to travel to space.
She was born in 1990 in Hebei Province. Her mother is a middle school teacher and her father is a policeman. 2 in a family like that, she learned the importance of working hard from an early age.
During her time at university, she showed great 3 ability, so she was always at the top of class. In addition to studying, she was also a sports lover and often took part in sports competitions.
In 2015, Wang finished her studies and started working as a rocket engineer (工程师) in Beijing. One day, she heard about the selection (选拔) of 4 and decided to try for it. About 2,500 people took part in it. Finally, Wang 5 all the tests and became the only woman among 18 astronauts.
From then on, Wang Haoze faced many new challenges (挑战). She went through 6 times at sea and in deserts. And one test was that she couldn’t sleep for 72 hours. However, 7 could make her give up. “I kept going and after nearly 1,000 times of practice, I finally met the training standards,” Wang said. On October 30th, 2024, she was 8 sent into space with two other astronauts, and realised her lifelong dream of travelling to space.
1．A．man B．woman C．student D．police
2．A．Growing up B．Waking up C．Caught up D．Taken up
3．A．sports B．painting C．music D．learning
4．A．engineers B．astronauts C．teachers D．scientists
5．A．failed B．found C．passed D．lost
6．A．relaxing B．comfortable C．free D．difficult
7．A．everything B．anything C．nothing D．something
8．A．successfully B．nearly C．usually D．awfully
【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．B 5．C 6．D 7．C 8．A
【导语】本文讲述了航天员王浩泽在家人熏陶下刻苦学习、努力训练，最终通过层层选拔成为神舟十九号乘组中唯一女性航天员并成功飞天的故事。
1．句意：在2024年，王浩泽成为第三位进入太空的中国女性。
man男人；woman女人；student学生；police警察。根据“She was born in 1990 in Hebei Province”可知王浩泽是女性。故选B。
2．句意：在这样的家庭中长大，她从小就懂得努力的重要性。
Growing up长大；Waking up醒来；Caught up赶上；Taken up从事。根据“in a family like that”可知此处指在这样的家庭中长大。故选A。
3．句意：大学期间她表现出极强的学习能力，所以一直名列前茅。
sports体育；painting绘画；music音乐；learning学习。根据“always at the top of class”可知她总是名列前茅，可见她的学习能力很强。故选D。
4．句意：一天，她听说航天员选拔并决定尝试。
engineers工程师；astronauts航天员；teachers教师；scientists科学家。根据“all the tests and became the only woman among 18 astronauts.”可知是选拔航天员。故选B。
5．句意：最终王浩泽通过所有测试并成为18名航天员中唯一的女性。
failed失败；found发现；passed通过；lost失去。根据“all the tests and became the only woman among 18 astronauts.”可知她通过了测试。故选C。
6．句意：她在海上和沙漠中度过了艰难的时光。
relaxing放松的；comfortable舒适的；free自由的；difficult困难的。根据“times at sea and in deserts”可知海上和沙漠里的训练很艰苦。故选D。
7．句意：然而没有什么能让她放弃。
everything一切；anything任何事物；nothing没有东西；something某事。根据“could make her give up”可知没有什么能使她放弃。故选C。
8．句意：在2024年10月30日，她与其他两名航天员一起成功进入太空，实现了她毕生的太空旅行梦想。
successfully成功地；nearly几乎；usually通常；awfully糟糕地。根据“sent into space with two other astronauts, and realised her lifelong dream of travelling to space.”可知她实现了自己的梦想，所以是成功地进入了太空。故选A。
第三篇：能力提升 · 社会现象说明文
主题：中国肥胖问题与健康计划
词数：约250词
难度：★★★☆☆
(2025·四川省德阳市·中考)China has made a plan to help its people with weight control. The plan was introduced at this year’s “Two Sessions” (两会). Under the plan, there will be 1 working on diseases caused by obesity (肥胖症) in hospitals all over the country. They will give 2 advice on how to lose weight. This shows China 3 people’s health.
Obesity has 4 increased in China over the past 40 years. People are eating more and exercising 5 . By 2021, more than 400 million adults were too heavy. According to a study in a medical magazine, this number will rise to 630 million by 2050.
Being heavy can be harmful to our 6 . It causes many diseases. Big cities like Beijing and Shanghai have already started the fight against obesity. They use 7 ways to help people lose weight. These include healthy diets and traditional Chinese medicine. At the same time, people in the 8 also need help because obesity has been on the rise since 2005 in town and country areas.
We can see many ways to lose weight in social media. However, they can be dangerous. So China is now making medicine to help 9 weight safely.
The government is calling for the support of hotels, schools and businesses. For example, schools are teaching students about healthy 10 . In some cities, junk food isn’t allowed to be sold at or near schools.
1．A．farmers B．writers C．teachers D．doctors
2．A．peaceful B．medical C．beautiful D．natural
3．A．cares about B．turns down C．looks for D．learns from
4．A．happily B．greatly C．luckily D．differently
5．A．less B．better C．more D．harder
6．A．power B．success C．health D．wealth
7．A．cheap B．difficult C．safe D．funny
8．A．city B．school C．museum D．countryside
9．A．control B．record C．describe D．guess
10．A．sleeping B．exercising C．eating D．reading
【答案】
1．D 2．B 3．A 4．B 5．A 6．C 7．C 8．D 9．A 10．C
【导语】本文主要介绍了中国制定了一个帮助人们控制体重的计划，以应对日益严重的肥胖问题，该计划包括在全国医院安排医生研究肥胖相关疾病、提供医疗建议、推广健康饮食和传统中医等措施，并呼吁社会各界支持，以保障人民健康。
1．句意：根据该计划，全国的医院将有医生专门研究由肥胖引起的疾病。
farmers农民；writers作家；teachers教师；doctors医生。根据“working on diseases caused by obesity (肥胖症) in hospitals all over the country”可知是医生专门研究由肥胖引起的疾病。故选D。
2．句意：他们会提供关于如何减肥的医疗建议。
peaceful和平的；medical医学的； beautiful美丽的；natural自然的。根据“advice on how to lose weight”可知医生会给出医疗建议。故选B。
3．句意：这表明中国关心人民的健康。
cares about关心；turns down拒绝；looks for寻找；learns from向……学习。根据“people’s health.”可知是关心人们的健康。故选A。
4．句意：在过去40年中，中国的肥胖问题显著增加。
happily快乐地；greatly极大地；luckily幸运地；differently不同地。根据“By 2021, more than 400 million adults were too heavy...”可知肥胖显著增加，greatly符合语境。故选B。
5．句意：人们吃得更多，锻炼得更少。
less更少；better更好；more更多；harder更努力。根据“People are eating more and exercising”可知吃得多，锻炼得少，会导致肥胖。故选A。
6．句意：肥胖会对我们的健康造成危害。
power力量；success成功；health健康；wealth财富。根据“It causes many diseases”可知肥胖对健康有危险，会导致很多疾病。故选C。
7．句意：他们采用安全的方式帮助人们减肥。
cheap便宜的；difficult困难的；safe安全的；funny有趣的。根据“weight safely.”可知是安全地减肥。故选C。
8．句意：与此同时，乡村地区的人们也需要帮助，因为自2005年以来，城镇和乡村地区的肥胖问题一直在上升。
city城市；school学校；museum博物馆；countryside乡村。根据“obesity has been on the rise since 2005 in town and country areas.”可知是乡村地区的人也有肥胖问题。故选D。
9．句意：因此，中国目前正在研发药物以帮助安全地控制体重。
control控制；record记录；describe描述；guess猜测。根据“making medicine to help...weight safely”可知是研发药物帮助安全地控制体重。故选A。
10．句意：例如，学校正在教导学生关于健康饮食的知识。
sleeping睡觉；exercising锻炼；eating吃；reading阅读。根据“In some cities, junk food isn’t allowed to be sold at or near schools.”可知在学校或学校周围不能卖垃圾食品，所以是教学生健康饮食。故选C。
第四篇：能力提升 · 文化传承类记叙文
主题：流动图书馆与分享精神
词数：约280词
难度：★★★★☆
(2025·吉林省长春市·中考)Xu Dawei grew up in a village in Shandong. He learned much knowledge through reading. This self-education and growth 1 him to his success. He opened a library in 2010 after several years of working.
The library is different from 2 ones. It doesn’t set the time when the books should be 3 . A reader can take one book every two weeks. The reader is 4 to pass it on to someone else when he finishes reading. Xu often shares his book lists online. If readers cannot find those books in their local libraries, he will mail the books to them for free as 5 as possible.
Sitting in a small hutong in Dongcheng district, Beijing, the library is just seven square meters in size. It 6 thousands of books about different subjects.
The library was moved because of money problems. The 7 of the library has changed three times. However, the library is still 8 now.
“It might be the 9 library in the world,” said Xu. “But in another sense, it’s also the biggest because the books keep 10 . I don’t even know where some of them have ended up.”
Xu recalled the 11 of one reader who borrowed an English book on Chinese garden history. Later, the reader 12 passed it to a neighbor, who took it to Germany. “Just imagine it: that book started out from a small hutong, and 13 all the way to Europe. The 14 cannot be seen, yet powerful,” Xu said.
It’s the most 15 thing Xu has done for the society. He will pass the library on and it can keep reading from disappearing to some degree.
1．A．questioned B．led C．watched D．excused
2．A．traditional B．useful C．noisy D．tidy
3．A．sold B．written C．returned D．checked
4．A．chosen B．encouraged C．warned D．protected
5．A．high B．soon C．luckily D．badly
6．A．coats B．grades C．tapes D．houses
7．A．address B．shape C．name D．member
8．A．strict B．alive C．simple D．quiet
9．A．strongest B．smallest C．oldest D．safest
10．A．copying B．shining C．repeating D．moving
11．A．joke B．class C．story D．birthday
12．A．naturally B．suddenly C．nervously D．coldly
13．A．traveled B．met C．relaxed D．pulled
14．A．language B．prize C．reason D．journey
15．A．honest B．comfortable C．meaningful D．peaceful
【答案】
1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．D 7．A 8．B 9．B 10．D 11．C 12．A 13．A 14．D 15．C
【导语】本文讲述了徐大伟通过自学成长，并在工作多年后于2010年开办了一家与众不同的图书馆。
1．句意：这种自我教育和成长引领他走向成功。
questioned询问；led引领；watched观看；excused原谅。根据“to his success”可知，是自我教育和成长引领他走向成功，led...to...表示“引领……走向……”。故选B。
2．句意：这个图书馆和传统的图书馆不一样。
traditional传统的；useful有用的；noisy吵闹的；tidy整洁的。根据后文描述“It doesn’t set the time when the books should be...A reader can take one book every two weeks.”可知，这个图书馆没有设定还书时间，读者每两周可以借一本书，这种模式和传统图书馆不同，traditional“传统的”符合语境。故选A。
3．句意：它没有设定书籍应该归还的时间。
sold卖；written写；returned归还；checked检查。根据后文“A reader can take one book every two weeks.”可知，读者每两周可以借一本书，说明图书馆没有设定还书时间。故选C。
4．句意：读者读完书后被鼓励把书传给其他人。
chosen选择；encouraged鼓励；warned警告；protected保护。根据“pass it on to someone else”可知，是鼓励读者把书传给其他人，encouraged“鼓励”符合语境。故选B。
5．句意：如果读者在当地图书馆找不到那些书，他会尽快免费把书寄给他们。
high高的；soon很快；luckily幸运地；badly糟糕地。根据“he will mail the books to them for free”可知，是尽快免费把书寄给读者，as soon as possible表示“尽快”。故选B。
6．句意：它容纳了成千上万本关于不同学科的书籍。
coats外套；grades年级；tapes磁带；houses容纳，存放。根据“thousands of books”可知，此处指图书馆容纳了成千上万本书，houses“容纳”符合语境。故选D。
7．句意：图书馆的地址已经改变了三次。
address地址；shape形状；name名字；member成员。根据前文“The library was moved because of money problems.”可知，图书馆因为资金问题搬了家，所以此处指图书馆的地址改变了三次。故选A。
8．句意：然而，图书馆现在仍然存在。
strict严格的；alive存在的；simple简单的；quiet安静的。根据“However”可知，前后句意转折，虽然图书馆搬了三次家，但现在仍然存在，alive“存在的”符合语境。故选B。
9．句意：它可能是世界上最小的图书馆。
strongest最强壮的；smallest最小的；oldest最老的；safest最安全的。根据后文“it’s also the biggest”以及“sitting in a small hutong in Dongcheng district, Beijing, the library is just seven square meters in size.”可知，这个图书馆只有七平方米，所以可能是世界上最小的图书馆。故选B。
10．句意：但在另一种意义上，它也是最大的，因为书籍一直在流动。
copying复制；shining闪耀；repeating重复；moving移动，流动。根据后文“I don’t even know where some of them have ended up.”可知，徐大伟甚至不知道一些书最终去了哪里，说明书籍一直在流动，moving“移动”符合语境。故选D。
11．句意：徐大伟回忆起一位借了一本关于中国园林历史的英文书的读者的故事。
joke玩笑；class班级；story故事；birthday生日。根据后文描述读者借书后传给邻居，邻居又把书带到德国的事情可知，此处指徐大伟回忆起一个读者的故事。故选C。
12．句意：后来，这位读者自然地把书传给了一个邻居，邻居把书带到了德国。
naturally自然地；suddenly突然地；nervously紧张地；coldly冷漠地。根据“passed it to a neighbor”可知，读者读完书后自然地把书传给了邻居，naturally“自然地”符合语境。故选A。
13．句意：想象一下：那本书从小胡同出发，一路旅行到欧洲。
traveled旅行；met遇见；relaxed放松；pulled拉。根据“all the way to Europe”可知，书从中国传到了欧洲，说明书进行了一次旅行。故选A。
14．句意：这段旅程看不见，但却很有力量。
language语言；prize奖品；reason原因；journey旅程。根据前文“that book started out from a small hutong, and...all the way to Europe.”可知，此处指书的旅程。故选D。
15．句意：这是徐大伟为社会做的最有意义的事情。
honest诚实的；comfortable舒服的；meaningful有意义的；peaceful和平的。根据后文“He will pass the library on and it can keep reading from disappearing to some degree.”可知，徐大伟认为他会把图书馆传承下去，在一定程度上防止阅读消失，说明他认为自己做的事情很有意义，meaningful“有意义的”符合语境。故选C。
第五篇：培优冲刺 · 社会服务说明文
主题：高铁宠物随行新服务
词数：约320词
难度：★★★★★
(2025·四川省德阳市·中考)China Railway is testing a new service. For the first time, passengers can travel together with their pets along the Beijing-Shanghai high-speed railway.
The new service 1 a rule of “leaving at the same time and arriving at the same time”. It makes sure that pets and their owners travel on the same train.
The service is being tested on 10 trains now. Pet 2 must buy the tickets online. It must be at least two days 3 the trip and then they may take one healthy, family-trained cat or dog each person. The pet must weigh no more than 15kg and 4 no taller than 40cm at the shoulder.
This is 5 news for pet lovers in China. If the test works well, more trains may allow pets in the future.
1．A．forgets B．breaks C．follows D．changes
2．A．owners B．sellers C．trainers D．volunteers
3．A．after B．before C．along D．during
4．A．run B．stand C．jump D．walk
5．A．boring B．tiring C．disappointing D．exciting
【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．D
【导语】本文介绍了中国铁路在京沪高铁试行的宠物随行新服务，包括规则要求和购票流程。
1．句意：这项新服务遵循“同时出发、同时到达”的规则。
forgets忘记；breaks打破；follows遵循；changes改变。根据“The new service...a rule of ‘leaving at the same time and arriving at the same time’.”可知，此处指该服务所遵循的规则。故选C。
2．句意：宠物主人必须在线购票。
owners主人；sellers销售者；trainers教练员；volunteers志愿者。根据“It makes sure that pets and their owners travel on the same train.”可知，应是宠物主人需要在校购票。故选A。
3．句意：必须在旅行前至少两天，然后每人可以携带一只健康的、经家庭训练的猫或狗。
after在……之后；before在……之前；along沿着；during在……期间。根据“...must buy the tickets online. It must be at least two days...”可知，至少在旅行前两天就购票。故选B。
4．句意：宠物体重不得超过15公斤，站立时肩高不得超过40厘米。
run跑；stand站立；jump跳；walk行走。根据“The pet must weigh no more than 15kg and...no taller than 40cm at the shoulder.”可知，此处指宠物站立时的肩高不得超过40厘米。故选B。
5．句意：这对中国的宠物爱好者来说是个令人兴奋的消息。
boring无聊的；tiring令人疲倦的；disappointing令人失望的；exciting令人兴奋的。根据“This is...news for pet lovers in China. If the test works well, more trains may allow pets in the future.”可知，可以携带宠物上高铁对宠物爱好者来说是好消息，是令人兴奋的消息。故选D。
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