精品解析：湘豫名校联考2025-2026学年高二上学期1月月考英语试题

绝密★启用前 湘豫名校联考 2025—2026学年高二（上）1月阶段性质量检测 英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷共14页。时间120分钟，满分150分。答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷指定位置，并将姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上，然后认真核对条形码上的信息，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。作答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并收回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 1. What might the woman be? A. A clerk. B. An accountant. C. An actor. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. A truck. B. A traffic jam. C. An accident. 3. When does the man plan to reach the station? A. At 4:30. B. At 5:00. C. At 5:30. 4. What is the woman’s study tip? A. Learning while playing. B. Taking breaks while studying. C. Studying for an hour each day. 5. What does the man mean? A. He is a little picky. B. He likes a new computer. C. He won’t reject an old computer. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6. Where might the conversation take place? A. In the office. B. In the theatre. C. In the store. 7. How many sweaters does Lucy buy for herself? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。 8. How often are children’s workshops held? A. Daily. B. Weekly. C. Monthly. 9. What is the age limit? A Above two. B. Above five. C. Above eight. 10. What will the woman bring? A. Some glue. B. Model castles. C. Bottle tops. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。 11. What does Dad want to do in the holiday? A. Visit cultural relics. B. Play cards at home. C. Enjoy natural scenery. 12. Where does Mom want to go? A. Beijing. B. Hawaii. C. Guilin. 13. What is the possible relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Dad and daughter. C. Sister and brother. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。 14. How will the man feel when seeing scary films? A. Frightened. B. Calm. C. Excited. 15. Why does the woman feel scared of bees? A She was once hurt. B. She hates their noise. C. They damaged her ball. 16. What might the woman worry about? A. The camp fire will lead to a big fire. B. horror stories might frighten children. C. Something will come out of the bushes. 17. What is the man’s advice? A. To be more outgoing. B. To be more realistic. C. To be more imaginative. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。 18. What were carved on the stones? A. Human faces. B. Sharpened weapons. C. Sands and beaches. 19. What plays a role in the discovery of the stones? A. The dropped water level. B. The work of digging rivers. C. The researchers’ exploration. 20. When were the stones with carvings found for the first time? A. In 2000. B. In 2010. C. In 2012. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Childcare Volunteer Program in Brazil — Rio de Janeiro Full of life and want to be a Childcare volunteer in Brazil? International Volunteer HQ’s Childcare project enables volunteers to help out in community centers and get experience looking after children. What to expect and how you’ll make an impact Schools in Rio de Janeiro run in either the morning or afternoon, which often means children are left alone for long stretches of time while their parents work. This project aims to give babies and small children a safe place where they can spend their time in a socially positive way and with adult supervision (照看), care and attention. As a childcare volunteer you’ll be assisting local staff at community centers where there are often many children per staff member. Your help will allow children to get more time with adults and lighten the load for local staff. Tasks will vary but are likely to include: * Giving children care and affection * Setting up and playing educational games * Arranging sports and physical activities * Helping teachers with lessons * Teaching basic English When you volunteer with children in Rio, you’ll be adding value to the local community, while also developing personally and professionally by: * Helping students grow and learn in a safe space * Practicing your Portuguese (葡萄牙语) * Developing your communication skills * Gaining childcare experience Volunteer requirements: * Volunteers must be 18 years or older to participate in this program. * All volunteers must speak English and have sufficient volunteer travel insurance. * Gain course credit from your college or university and meet your academic requirements when completing a volunteer abroad program with International Volunteer HQ! 1. What can we learn about the project? A. It teams up with the community. B. It pays volunteers money for their work. C. It offers local teenagers a chance to volunteer. D. Its main aim is to help the homeless children. 2. What is the volunteers’ duty in the program? A. Teaching in the local language. B. Spreading the Brazilian culture. C. Making sure of children’s safety at school. D. Making arrangements for physical activities. 3. What is a must to take part in the program? A. Meeting the age requirement. B. Gaining enough course credits. C. Being expert at English writing skills. D. Having sufficient volunteer experience. B Dawn Shedrick is matter-of-fact about the heartbreaks of caring. She is clear and calm when she describes its hardships and grief. The only time that her voice tightens is when she talks about the isolation (孤立) she felt, and about all the other caregivers who live in those lonely shadows. For decades, she held it together and put on a brave face. She watched her mother struggle, and kept the sorrow to herself. Her situation is all too common. The latest estimate is that 106 million people do some kind of unpaid care for an adult in this country. But because family caring is not a public conversation, many of them — of us — feel invisible. Nearly half say they are lonely, more than twice the U.S. rate of 22%. A few years ago, Shedrick learned about the Caregiver Action Network (CAN), a DC-based organization that among other services staffs a hotline for caregivers who need all kinds of help. The group started the hotline because, despite their numbers, there was no specific information platform to help them find resources and help. What callers want more than anything is to be seen and recognized, says CAN CEO Marvell Adams. “Every resource we have, the whole purpose is to give awareness to caregivers: You are not alone,” he says. “We hear over and over again — They don’t always want somebody to solve it. What they want is somebody to recognize them.” Shedrick joined the board, aiming to help other caregivers find support. She’s seen how hard it can be. Her consulting company, JenTex, provides training, professional development and continuing education for social workers and those in health and human services. Shedrick now manages the binder of medical information that organizes everything that’s happened— every doctor, every symptom (症状). It weighs on her, but, she says, she now knows who she is, who to lean on for support, and has a way to connect to others, by talking about her experience. 4. How did Dawn Shedrick feel when speaking of her loneliness? A. Embarrassed. B. Ashamed. C. Emotional. D. Relieved. 5. What is the intention of the hotline? A. To assist the family caregivers. B. To provide help for the needy family. C. To introduce nursing workers for patients. D. To offer family members nursing training. 6. What message does Marvell Adams convey? A. Caregivers lack spiritual support. B. Callers need practical help in most cases. C. Their hotline will be replaced by videophones. D. Many people provide unpaid care for an adult. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Dawn Shedrick: A Brave Caregiver for Her Mother B. Caregivers: A Group Hoping to Connect with Others C Unpaid Caregiving: A Common Phenomenon in the U.S. D. The Caregiver Action Network: Offering Hotline Services C In the 10 years since the book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness was published, the idea of nudging (助推) people to make better decisions has become mainstream in everything from government to public health to personal habits. A nudge is a way of skillfully influencing choices without actually forbidding anything. One of the examples in the book is the cafeteria that nudged diners into healthy eating habits by placing fruits and other healthy snacks at eye level, while putting chips and ice cream in harder-to-reach spots. No one was prevented from seeking out their favorite junk food, but the set up of the offerings encouraged diners to choose apple slices instead. But even though nudges have proven successful in several fields, they’re not perfect. In fact, nudges don’t always work and can sometimes even backfire. Here’s why nudges aren’t always the best way to go about changing your habits— strong preferences. I’m a crazy reader. I’m at the library as often as twice a week. Despite this, I carry an average overdue fine balance of close to $10 at any one time. Over the years, I’ve tried various nudges to improve my on-time return rate. I’ve left books on the table by the door, left books in my car, and I’ve even placed “return library books” on my work to-do list. Not a single one of these nudges has worked. What’s going on here is that my preexisting preferences are far stronger than my nudges to return the books. Strong preferences can also help to explain some phenomenon of the patients. No matter what nudges the medical profession has attempted to use to improve patient compliance, many patients have such a strong preexisting preference to maintain their old eating and exercise habits that they’ll simply ignore their doctor’s recommendations. Even when it comes to taking medication, the preference to not take it is greater than even some financial nudges that pay patients to comply. Though nudges can help to improve habits, they will not overcome strong preferences. 8. Which of the following belongs to nudge? A. Customers’ shopping habits. B. The volume of background music. C. A salesman’s strong recommendation. D. The advertisement played in a shopping center. 9. What does the author’s experience illustrate? A. Book loving can be a crazy thing. B. Bad habits are always formed little by little. C. More importance should be attached to nudging. D. The nudging is not always as effective as we expect. 10. What does the underlined word “compliance” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Obedience. B. Living. C. Condition. D. Accommodation. 11. What is mainly talked about in the passage? A. A brief introduction of a book. B. An idea mentioned in a book. C. The author’s personal experience. D. The disadvantages of preference. D It might just serve as a way to pass a rainy afternoon, but swimming may be one of humans’ oldest hobbies. The earliest swimming pool dates back to 3000 BCE, in the Indus Valley. Much later, in the 19th century, swimming pools emerged in Britain and the U.S. But along with them came the challenge of keeping them hygienic. Even now, public and private swimming pools can become hotbeds of infection if they’re not well maintained. Over the last 25 years, swimming pools have been the most common setting for outbreaks of an infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales. Swimmers can catch cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫) by accidentally swallowing unhealthy matter in the pool water, says Jackie Knee, assistant professor in the London School of tropical Medicine’s Environmental Health Group. You may go to many lengths to avoid swallowing pool water, but evidence suggests that some still ends up in our bodies. According to a 2017 study conducted at public swimming pools in Ohio involved testing the blood of 549 people, on average, the adults swallowed around 21 mL per hour, while children swallowed around 49 mL per hour. When one swallows pool water, the chances of this water being an infection risk differs depending on how busy the pool is. One study found that contracting cryptosporidium is more likely when swimming at peak times. The researchers tested water from six pools once a week for 10 weeks in summer 2017, and detected cryptosporidium in 20% of the pool samples, and at least once in each pool. Two thirds of these water samples were during the pool’s busiest times, in the school holidays. According to Jackie Knee, the risk of chloramines (氯胺) forming above the water can be lowered by ensuring that everyone showers before entering the pool, which helps to wash off faecal matter. Showering can help to lower the risk of spreading and contracting infection. “Other important ways to avoid infections from swimming pools include avoiding swallowing pool water,” Jackie Knee adds. 12. What challenge were swimming pools facing in the 19th century? A. To reduce costs. B. To keep water clean. C. To attract customers. D. To get enough water. 13. What did the 2017 study show? A. Going swimming can be dangerous. B. Swallowing pool water is hard to avoid. C. People don’t know the harm of pool water. D. Adults swallow more pool water than children. 14. What mainly decides infection risk according to paragraph 5? A. The number of swimmers. B. The size of swimming pools. C. The length of swimming hours. D. The temperature of pool water. 15. What does Jackie Knee intend to do in the last paragraph? A. To give some analyses. B. To issue some warnings. C. To make some comments. D. To offer some suggestions. 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Are you waiting for a sign? A breakthrough? A moment when everything magically falls into place? It’s time to stop waiting. ____16____ If you want a different life, it’s up to you to make it happen. In my work as a life coach, I see too many people sit on the sidelines of their own lives, hoping that someday, something will change. ____17____ When things change inside you, everything changes around you. The moment you decide to step up, your life begins to transform. The Power of Perspective: Change How You See, Change How You Live The way you view the world shapes your reality. If you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change. ____18____ But what if those same challenges were actually opportunities in disguise (伪装)? What if every struggle you’ve faced was preparing you for your next level? Reinventing Yourself: The Only Way Forward ____19____ You can start over. Rebuilding yourself isn’t about erasing your past. Instead, resetting your life means using the lessons from your past to help you step into the person you were meant to become. And let’s be clear: never change yourself for anyone Change only for YOU. Change because YOU want more. Change because you refuse to settle for a life that doesn’t light you up. ____20____ Every day is a chance for rediscovering yourself and redefining who you are. You are not stuck. You are in progress. A. But here’s the truth. B. After all, not everyone likes to change. C. No one is coming to change your life for you. D. You don’t have to be who you were yesterday. E. In a sense, it has the same meaning as recreating. F. Right now, you might see challenges, or reasons why you “can’t”. G. Let your own desire to be a better self be your inspiration to live a better life. 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When Louis Braille was 3, he hurt one of his eyes. ____21____ not only set in, but it also moved to the other eye, leaving him ____22____. However, his parents were ____23____ to teach their son how to read. They pounded nails into a board in the ____24____ of letters and began to teach him the alphabet (字母表). He studied hard, which ____25____ reading raised letters with his fingertips, a tiring exercise. Later, he entered the Royal Institute for Blind Youth. The ____26____ came when Louis was introduced to a sonographic (超声) language used in the darkness, ____27____ sounds like dots and dashes (点和划) as a code for soldiers who needed to ____28____ communicate. It was heavy but in a way provided ____29____ for Louis Braille. Over the next four years, he _____30_____ his alphabet: six cells of dots arranged in two columns and three rows. Each _____31_____ of dots represented a letter. Later, with the help of a _____32_____ friend who invented a machine to emboss (压印) the alphabet _____33_____ Louis Braille onto sheets of paper, he wrote home to his mother. Like those blind people who _____34_____ before Louis Braille invented his writing system called Braille, we can only _____35_____ how wonderful those letters must have been— but they meant the world to his mother, just as his alphabet has meant so much to the rest of the world. 21. A. Infection B. Anxiety C. Blame D. Conflict 22. A. risky B. invisible C. blind D. abnormal 23. A. unlikely B. determined C. unwilling D. suitable 24. A. charge B. shape C. spirit D. center 25. A. placed B. proved C. received D. required 26. A. opportunity B. appetite C. display D. breakthrough 27. A. employing B. seeking C. obtaining D. inferring 28. A. instantly B. occasionally C. secretly D. efficiently 29. A. resource B. inspiration C. support D. solution 30. A. recovered B. printed C. cloned D. perfected 31. A. combination B. appearance C. position D. size 32. A. reliable B. generous C. brilliant D. typical 33. A. focused on B. carved by C. left with D. named after 34. A. interacted B. existed C. cared D. reflected 35. A. imagine B. conclude C. create D. record 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 77th Frankfurt Book Fair brought together more than 4,000 exhibitors from 92 countries and regions. And nearly 240,000 visitors ____36____ (attract) to the fair. Since its founding in 1949, the fair ____37____ (grow) into one of the world’s largest ____38____ (publish) events and an important platform for culture exchange. It has also become a major stage for Chinese publishers ____39____ (share) their works with global audiences. Kaiser, vice president of the Frankfurt Book Fair, said she was pleased to see China’s strong ____40____ (present) at this year’s event and added the fair aims to create an open and equal platform ____41____ global participants, helping different cultures understand each other through dialogues. “We are very happy to see high-quality, China-organized programs appear on the international stage,” she said. “____42____ number of Chinese exhibitors has also grown compared with last year, ____43____ their overall participation has been very active.” Despite the rapid evolution of technology, Kaiser remains convinced that the value of reading and literature remains ____44____ (replaceable). “No matter how technology develops, imagination and creativity belong to human beings alone,” she said. “It is this unique human creativity ____45____ gives reading its enduring meaning.” 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校英语角计划本周五进行一次“高效笔记”的分享活动，请你写一篇英文发言稿，内容包括： 1.高效笔记的重要性； 2.分享方法。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good afternoon, everyone! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完 整的短文。 Three days after my husband, Paul, and I drove south from New Jersey and moved into a new house in the city of Nashville, my husband suffered a heart attack at the gym on the treadmill (跑步机) when I was cooking a chicken in our new home. “The doctors shocked him with a defibrillator (除颤器) and got his heart beating again. He’s now on the way by ambulance to Ascension St. Thomas,” trembled the Southern voice of a clearly frightened gym employee. I thanked her, hung up, stood frozen with the raw chicken still in hand, wondering where Ascension St. Whatever was. I was born in New Jersey and hated its rainy days. Since childhood, I’d dreamed of escaping my home state. But after I married and had children, life kept me firmly planted in New Jersey until two months ago when Paul and I finally took action. We left New Jersey and came to Nashville where we bought a little house in the south. We planned to split (分开) our time between New Jersey and Nashville and, eventually, let go of New Jersey, once we’d adjusted to Nashville. But now standing alone on that January day in this strange city our plan all felt like a joke. Back in New Jersey, we had many relatives and friends, but in Nashville we knew nobody. I had no one to help me. Because our car was at the gym, I called a taxi. I sat in the back of my paid ride, speed-dialing favorites on my phone, speaking out what had happened to the first human who picked up. I rushed into the emergency room at Ascension St. Thomas and found Paul was heavily drugged, but still alive. Then forty-eight hours later, he emerged from the surgery — and I emerged into a tornado of support from New Jersey friends though they were far from us. Someone, somehow, had filled our fridge. A box of food miraculously made it to me in the ICU. A cake appeared on our porch without a note. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Day after day, calls and texts checked in from New Jersey. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After Paul recovered, we talked about our former idea and made a decision. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 绝密★启用前 湘豫名校联考 2025—2026学年高二（上）1月阶段性质量检测 英语 注意事项： 1.本试卷共14页。时间120分钟，满分150分。答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试卷指定位置，并将姓名、考场号、座位号、准考证号填写在答题卡上，然后认真核对条形码上的信息，并将条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。 2.作答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。作答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在本试卷上无效。 3.考试结束后，将试卷和答题卡一并收回。 第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分） 做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。 第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分） 听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话读两遍。 例:How much is the shirt? A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15. 1. What might the woman be? A. A clerk. B. An accountant. C. An actor. 2. What are the speakers talking about? A. A truck. B. A traffic jam. C. An accident. 3. When does the man plan to reach the station? A. At 4:30. B. At 5:00. C. At 5:30. 4. What is the woman’s study tip? A. Learning while playing. B. Taking breaks while studying. C. Studying for an hour each day. 5. What does the man mean? A. He is a little picky. B. He likes a new computer. C. He won’t reject an old computer. 第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分） 听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。 听下面一段对话，回答第6至第7两个小题。 6 Where might the conversation take place? A. In the office. B. In the theatre. C. In the store. 7. How many sweaters does Lucy buy for herself? A. One. B. Two. C. Three. 听下面一段对话，回答第8至第10三个小题。 8. How often are children’s workshops held? A. Daily. B. Weekly. C. Monthly. 9. What is the age limit? A Above two. B. Above five. C. Above eight. 10. What will the woman bring? A. Some glue. B. Model castles. C. Bottle tops. 听下面一段对话，回答第11至第13三个小题。 11. What does Dad want to do in the holiday? A. Visit cultural relics. B. Play cards at home. C. Enjoy natural scenery. 12. Where does Mom want to go? A. Beijing. B. Hawaii. C. Guilin. 13. What is the possible relationship between the speakers? A. Mother and son. B. Dad and daughter. C. Sister and brother. 听下面一段对话，回答第14至第17四个小题。 14. How will the man feel when seeing scary films? A. Frightened. B. Calm. C. Excited. 15. Why does the woman feel scared of bees? A. She was once hurt. B. She hates their noise. C. They damaged her ball. 16. What might the woman worry about? A. The camp fire will lead to a big fire. B. horror stories might frighten children. C. Something will come out of the bushes. 17. What is the man’s advice? A. To be more outgoing. B. To be more realistic. C. To be more imaginative. 听下面一段独白，回答第18至第20三个小题。 18. What were carved on the stones? A. Human faces. B. Sharpened weapons. C. Sands and beaches. 19. What plays a role in the discovery of the stones? A. The dropped water level. B. The work of digging rivers. C. The researchers’ exploration. 20. When were the stones with carvings found for the first time? A. In 2000. B. In 2010. C. In 2012. 第二部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 A Childcare Volunteer Program in Brazil — Rio de Janeiro Full of life and want to be a Childcare volunteer in Brazil? International Volunteer HQ’s Childcare project enables volunteers to help out in community centers and get experience looking after children. What to expect and how you’ll make an impact Schools in Rio de Janeiro run in either the morning or afternoon, which often means children are left alone for long stretches of time while their parents work. This project aims to give babies and small children a safe place where they can spend their time in a socially positive way and with adult supervision (照看), care and attention. As a childcare volunteer you’ll be assisting local staff at community centers where there are often many children per staff member. Your help will allow children to get more time with adults and lighten the load for local staff. Tasks will vary but are likely to include: * Giving children care and affection * Setting up and playing educational games * Arranging sports and physical activities * Helping teachers with lessons * Teaching basic English When you volunteer with children in Rio, you’ll be adding value to the local community, while also developing personally and professionally by: * Helping students grow and learn in a safe space * Practicing your Portuguese (葡萄牙语) * Developing your communication skills * Gaining childcare experience Volunteer requirements: * Volunteers must be 18 years or older to participate in this program. * All volunteers must speak English and have sufficient volunteer travel insurance. * Gain course credit from your college or university and meet your academic requirements when completing a volunteer abroad program with International Volunteer HQ! 1. What can we learn about the project? A. It teams up with the community. B. It pays volunteers money for their work. C. It offers local teenagers a chance to volunteer. D. Its main aim is to help the homeless children. 2. What is the volunteers’ duty in the program? A. Teaching in the local language. B. Spreading the Brazilian culture. C. Making sure of children’s safety at school. D. Making arrangements for physical activities. 3. What is a must to take part in the program? A. Meeting the age requirement. B. Gaining enough course credits. C. Being expert at English writing skills. D. Having sufficient volunteer experience. 【答案】1. A 2. D 3. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了去巴西做托儿志愿者活动并介绍了参与这项志愿工作的要求以及意义。 【1题详解】 细节理解题。根据文章开头“International Volunteer HQ’s Childcare project enables volunteers to help out in community centers and get experience looking after children. (国际志愿者总部的儿童保育项目能让志愿者们在社区中心提供帮助，并获得照顾儿童的经验。)”可知，这个活动让志愿者们能够前往社区中心提供帮助，因此是和社区合作的。故选A。 【2题详解】 细节理解题。根据Tasks will vary but are likely to include: 部分中的“* Arranging sports and physical activities (* 安排体育和身体活动)”可知，志愿者需要负责安排学生的体育活动。故选D。 【3题详解】 细节理解题。根据Volunteer requirements部分中的“*Volunteers must be 18 years or older to participate in this program. (* 参与此项目者须年满 18 岁。)”可知，志愿者需要满足年龄要求。故选A。 B Dawn Shedrick is matter-of-fact about the heartbreaks of caring. She is clear and calm when she describes its hardships and grief. The only time that her voice tightens is when she talks about the isolation (孤立) she felt, and about all the other caregivers who live in those lonely shadows. For decades, she held it together and put on a brave face. She watched her mother struggle, and kept the sorrow to herself. Her situation is all too common. The latest estimate is that 106 million people do some kind of unpaid care for an adult in this country. But because family caring is not a public conversation, many of them — of us — feel invisible. Nearly half say they are lonely, more than twice the U.S. rate of 22%. A few years ago, Shedrick learned about the Caregiver Action Network (CAN), a DC-based organization that among other services staffs a hotline for caregivers who need all kinds of help. The group started the hotline because, despite their numbers, there was no specific information platform to help them find resources and help. What callers want more than anything is to be seen and recognized, says CAN CEO Marvell Adams. “Every resource we have, the whole purpose is to give awareness to caregivers: You are not alone,” he says. “We hear over and over again — They don’t always want somebody to solve it. What they want is somebody to recognize them.” Shedrick joined the board, aiming to help other caregivers find support. She’s seen how hard it can be. Her consulting company, JenTex, provides training, professional development and continuing education for social workers and those in health and human services. Shedrick now manages the binder of medical information that organizes everything that’s happened— every doctor, every symptom (症状). It weighs on her, but, she says, she now knows who she is, who to lean on for support, and has a way to connect to others, by talking about her experience. 4. How did Dawn Shedrick feel when speaking of her loneliness? A. Embarrassed. B. Ashamed. C. Emotional. D. Relieved. 5. What is the intention of the hotline? A. To assist the family caregivers. B. To provide help for the needy family. C. To introduce nursing workers for patients. D. To offer family members nursing training. 6. What message does Marvell Adams convey? A. Caregivers lack spiritual support. B. Callers need practical help in most cases. C. Their hotline will be replaced by videophones. D. Many people provide unpaid care for an adult. 7. What can be a suitable title for the text? A. Dawn Shedrick: A Brave Caregiver for Her Mother B. Caregivers: A Group Hoping to Connect with Others C. Unpaid Caregiving: A Common Phenomenon in the U.S. D. The Caregiver Action Network: Offering Hotline Services 【答案】4. C 5. A 6. A 7. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过道恩·谢德里克（Dawn Shedrick）自己护理母亲的故事引出了家庭护理人员面临孤独、被忽视、得不到认可的社会问题。 【4题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段“The only time that her voice tightens is when she talks about the isolation (孤立) she felt, and about all the other caregivers who live in those lonely shadows. (只有在谈到自己所感受到的孤独以及那些身处孤独阴影中的其他护理人员时，她的声音才会微微紧绷。)”可推断，道恩·谢德里克当时情绪是激动的。故选C。 【5题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“A few years ago, Shedrick learned about the Caregiver Action Network (CAN), a DC-based organization that among other services staffs a hotline for caregivers who need all kinds of help. The group started the hotline because, despite their numbers, there was no specific information platform to help them find resources and help. (几年前，谢德里克了解到“护理者行动网络”（CAN），这是一个位于华盛顿特区的组织，除了提供其他服务外，还为需要各种帮助的护理人员提供热线服务。该组织开通这条热线是因为，尽管护理人员人数众多，但并没有专门的信息平台来帮助他们获取资源和寻求帮助。)”可知，看护行动网络（CAN）组织开设热线是为了给看护人员提供支持和帮助。故选A。 【6题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段“We hear over and over again — They don’t always want somebody to solve it. What they want is somebody to recognize them. (我们不断听到这样的声音——他们并不总是希望有人来解决这些问题。他们想要的，是有人能够认可自己。)”可知，玛维尔·亚当斯认为看护人员需要的是认可和情感上的理解。故选A。 【7题详解】 主旨大意题。根据全文可知，文章通过道恩·谢德里克（Dawn Shedrick）自己护理母亲的故事引出了家庭护理人员面临孤独、被忽视、得不到认可的社会问题。因此B选项“Caregivers: A Group Hoping to Connect with Others (照顾者：一群渴望与他人建立联系的人)”可以作为文章标题。故选B。 C In the 10 years since the book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness was published, the idea of nudging (助推) people to make better decisions has become mainstream in everything from government to public health to personal habits. A nudge is a way of skillfully influencing choices without actually forbidding anything. One of the examples in the book is the cafeteria that nudged diners into healthy eating habits by placing fruits and other healthy snacks at eye level, while putting chips and ice cream in harder-to-reach spots. No one was prevented from seeking out their favorite junk food, but the set up of the offerings encouraged diners to choose apple slices instead. But even though nudges have proven successful in several fields, they’re not perfect. In fact, nudges don’t always work and can sometimes even backfire. Here’s why nudges aren’t always the best way to go about changing your habits— strong preferences. I’m a crazy reader. I’m at the library as often as twice a week. Despite this, I carry an average overdue fine balance of close to $10 at any one time. Over the years, I’ve tried various nudges to improve my on-time return rate. I’ve left books on the table by the door, left books in my car, and I’ve even placed “return library books” on my work to-do list. Not a single one of these nudges has worked. What’s going on here is that my preexisting preferences are far stronger than my nudges to return the books. Strong preferences can also help to explain some phenomenon of the patients. No matter what nudges the medical profession has attempted to use to improve patient compliance, many patients have such a strong preexisting preference to maintain their old eating and exercise habits that they’ll simply ignore their doctor’s recommendations. Even when it comes to taking medication, the preference to not take it is greater than even some financial nudges that pay patients to comply. Though nudges can help to improve habits, they will not overcome strong preferences. 8. Which of the following belongs to nudge? A. Customers’ shopping habits. B. The volume of background music. C. A salesman’s strong recommendation. D. The advertisement played in a shopping center. 9. What does the author’s experience illustrate? A. Book loving can be a crazy thing. B. Bad habits are always formed little by little. C. More importance should be attached to nudging. D. The nudging is not always as effective as we expect. 10. What does the underlined word “compliance” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A. Obedience. B. Living. C. Condition. D. Accommodation. 11. What is mainly talked about in the passage? A. A brief introduction of a book. B. An idea mentioned in a book. C. The author’s personal experience. D. The disadvantages of preference. 【答案】8. D 9. D 10. A 11. B 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了“nudge”的定义和益处。作者还通过自己的经历说明相较于强烈的偏好，“nudging”这种助推的方法并不总是有效，因此人们要客观看待。 【8题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段“A nudge is a way of skillfully influencing choices without actually forbidding anything. One of the examples in the book is the cafeteria that nudged diners into healthy eating habits by placing fruits and other healthy snacks at eye level, while putting chips and ice cream in harder-to-reach spots. No one was prevented from seeking out their favorite junk food, but the set up of the offerings encouraged diners to choose apple slices instead.(“助推” 是一种巧妙影响他人选择、却不施加任何禁止性约束的方式。书中举了一个自助餐厅的例子：餐厅将水果等健康零食摆放在与视线平齐的位置，同时把薯片、冰淇淋等零食放在难以够到的地方，以此引导食客养成健康的饮食习惯。食客完全可以自由取走自己喜爱的垃圾食品，但这样的陈列方式会促使他们选择苹果片这类健康食物)”可知，商场里播放的广告会无意识地影响人们对商品的选择，这属于“nudge”这种助推模式。故选D。 【9题详解】 细节理解题。根据第三段“But even though nudges have proven successful in several fields, they’re not perfect. In fact, nudges don’t always work and can sometimes even backfire.(但即便“助推”策略已在多个领域被证实卓有成效，它也并非十全十美。事实上，“助推”并非总能奏效，有时甚至还会适得其反)”以及第四段“Here’s why nudges aren’t always the best way to go about changing your habits— strong preferences. I’m a crazy reader. I’m at the library as often as twice a week. Despite this, I carry an average overdue fine balance of close to $10 at any one time. Over the years, I’ve tried various nudges to improve my on-time return rate. I’ve left books on the table by the door, left books in my car, and I’ve even placed “return library books” on my work to-do list. Not a single one of these nudges has worked. What’s going on here is that my preexisting preferences are far stronger than my nudges to return the books.(这就是为什么“助推”并非总是帮你改变习惯的最佳办法 —— 问题出在强烈的固有偏好上。我是个不折不扣的书迷，每周都会去两次图书馆。尽管如此，我账户里的逾期罚款金额平均始终都接近10美元。这些年来，我试过各种各样的助推方法来提高按时还书率：把书放在门边的桌子上、留在车里，甚至还在工作待办清单上写下 “归还图书馆书籍” 这一项。但这些办法没有一个奏效。真正的原因在于，我本身对读书的执念，远比这些催促我还书的助推力量要强烈得多)”可知，作者的经历说明了助推作用并不总是如我们所预期的那样有效。故选D。 【10题详解】 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“many patients have such a strong preexisting preference to maintain their old eating and exercise habits that they’ll simply ignore their doctor’s recommendations(许多患者原本就有很强的维持原有饮食和运动习惯的倾向，因此他们会完全无视医生的建议)”可知，后文提到病人在运动、饮食甚至服药方面无视医生的建议，由此推断此处指病人对医生建议的依从性，因此A选项“服从，遵从”意思接近。故选A。 【11题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the 10 years since the book Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness was published, the idea of nudging people to make better decisions has become mainstream in everything from government to public health to personal habits.(自《助推：如何做出有关健康、财富与幸福的最佳决策》一书出版后的十年间，这种通过“助推”引导人们做出更优决策的理念，已渗透到政府施政、公共卫生、个人习惯养成等各个领域，成为了一种主流思想)”以及文章主要讨论了“nudge”的定义和益处。作者还通过自己的经历说明相较于强烈的偏好，“nudging”这种助推的方法并不总是有效，因此人们要客观看待。因此B选项“书中提及的一个想法”是文章主要介绍的内容。故选B。 D It might just serve as a way to pass a rainy afternoon, but swimming may be one of humans’ oldest hobbies. The earliest swimming pool dates back to 3000 BCE, in the Indus Valley. Much later, in the 19th century, swimming pools emerged in Britain and the U.S. But along with them came the challenge of keeping them hygienic. Even now, public and private swimming pools can become hotbeds of infection if they’re not well maintained. Over the last 25 years, swimming pools have been the most common setting for outbreaks of an infectious intestinal disease in England and Wales. Swimmers can catch cryptosporidium (隐孢子虫) by accidentally swallowing unhealthy matter in the pool water, says Jackie Knee, assistant professor in the London School of tropical Medicine’s Environmental Health Group. You may go to many lengths to avoid swallowing pool water, but evidence suggests that some still ends up in our bodies. According to a 2017 study conducted at public swimming pools in Ohio involved testing the blood of 549 people, on average, the adults swallowed around 21 mL per hour, while children swallowed around 49 mL per hour. When one swallows pool water, the chances of this water being an infection risk differs depending on how busy the pool is. One study found that contracting cryptosporidium is more likely when swimming at peak times. The researchers tested water from six pools once a week for 10 weeks in summer 2017, and detected cryptosporidium in 20% of the pool samples, and at least once in each pool. Two thirds of these water samples were during the pool’s busiest times, in the school holidays. According to Jackie Knee, the risk of chloramines (氯胺) forming above the water can be lowered by ensuring that everyone showers before entering the pool, which helps to wash off faecal matter. Showering can help to lower the risk of spreading and contracting infection. “Other important ways to avoid infections from swimming pools include avoiding swallowing pool water,” Jackie Knee adds. 12. What challenge were swimming pools facing in the 19th century? A. To reduce costs. B. To keep water clean. C. To attract customers. D. To get enough water. 13. What did the 2017 study show? A. Going swimming can be dangerous. B. Swallowing pool water is hard to avoid. C. People don’t know the harm of pool water. D. Adults swallow more pool water than children. 14. What mainly decides infection risk according to paragraph 5? A. The number of swimmers. B. The size of swimming pools. C. The length of swimming hours. D. The temperature of pool water. 15. What does Jackie Knee intend to do in the last paragraph? A. To give some analyses. B. To issue some warnings. C. To make some comments. D. To offer some suggestions. 【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍游泳的历史、泳池卫生问题、感染风险及预防措施，向读者普及泳池健康知识。 【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段的句子“Much later, in the 19th century, swimming pools emerged in Britain and the U.S. But along with them came the challenge of keeping them hygienic.(很久以后，在19世纪，游泳池在英国和美国出现了。但随之而来的是保持游泳池卫生的挑战。)”可知，19世纪游泳池面临的主要挑战是保持池水清洁。故选B项。 【13题详解】 细节理解题。根据第四段的句子“According to a 2017 study conducted at public swimming pools in Ohio involved testing the blood of 549 people, on average, the adults swallowed around 21 mL per hour, while children swallowed around 49 mL per hour.(根据2017年在俄亥俄州公共游泳池进行的一项研究，该研究测试了549人的血液，平均而言，成年人每小时吞咽约21毫升，而儿童每小时吞咽约49毫升。)”可知，人们在游泳时会吞咽池水，且儿童吞咽量大于成人，说明吞咽池水难以完全避免。故选B项。 【14题详解】 细节理解题。根据第五段“When one swallows pool water, the chances of this water being an infection risk differs depending on how busy the pool is. One study found that contracting cryptosporidium is more likely when swimming at peak times. The researchers tested water from six pools once a week for 10 weeks in summer 2017, and detected cryptosporidium in 20% of the pool samples, and at least once in each pool. Two thirds of these water samples were during the pool’s busiest times, in the school holidays.(当人吞下泳池水时，这些水带来感染风险的几率会因泳池的拥挤程度而不同。一项研究发现，在高峰时段游泳时，感染隐孢子虫的可能性更高。研究人员于2017年夏季对6个泳池的水样进行了为期10周的每周检测，结果在20%的泳池样本中发现了隐孢子虫，且每个泳池至少检测出一次。这些阳性水样中，有三分之二来自泳池最繁忙的时段——学校假期期间。)”可知，游泳池使用者的数量是决定感染风险的主要因素。故选A项。 【15题详解】 推理判断题。最后一段中，Jackie Knee提出具体行动建议“ensuring that everyone showers before entering the pool (确保入池前淋浴)”、“avoiding swallowing pool water (避免吞咽池水)”，均为“预防感染的方法”。因此她的意图是提供建议。故选D项。 第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分） 阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。 Are you waiting for a sign? A breakthrough? A moment when everything magically falls into place? It’s time to stop waiting. ____16____ If you want a different life, it’s up to you to make it happen. In my work as a life coach, I see too many people sit on the sidelines of their own lives, hoping that someday, something will change. ____17____ When things change inside you, everything changes around you. The moment you decide to step up, your life begins to transform. The Power of Perspective: Change How You See, Change How You Live The way you view the world shapes your reality. If you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change. ____18____ But what if those same challenges were actually opportunities in disguise (伪装)? What if every struggle you’ve faced was preparing you for your next level? Reinventing Yourself: The Only Way Forward ____19____ You can start over. Rebuilding yourself isn’t about erasing your past. Instead, resetting your life means using the lessons from your past to help you step into the person you were meant to become. And let’s be clear: never change yourself for anyone Change only for YOU. Change because YOU want more. Change because you refuse to settle for a life that doesn’t light you up. ____20____ Every day is a chance for rediscovering yourself and redefining who you are. You are not stuck. You are in progress. A. But here’s the truth. B. After all, not everyone likes to change. C. No one is coming to change your life for you. D. You don’t have to be who you were yesterday. E. In a sense, it has the same meaning as recreating. F. Right now, you might see challenges, or reasons why you “can’t”. G. Let your own desire to be a better self be your inspiration to live a better life. 【答案】16. C 17. A 18. F 19. D 20. G 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要分析并介绍了要想过更好的生活，你要去改变，改变自己看待世界的方式，要重塑自己。 【16题详解】 上文“It’s time to stop waiting. (是时候停止等待了。)”建议人们要停止等待，空格处应该介绍这样做的理由，C选项“No one is coming to change your life for you. (没有人会来替你改变生活。)”可以承接上文。故选C。 【17题详解】 下文“When things change inside you, everything changes around you. The moment you decide to step up, your life begins to transform. (当你内心发生变化时，周围的一切也会随之改变。当你决定向前迈进的那一刻，你的生活就开始转变了。)”反驳“等待外部改变”的错误认知，强调个人主动进行改变的关键作用，因此A 选项“But here’s the truth. (但是存在一个事实。)”符合语境。故选A。 【18题详解】 上文“If you change the way you look at things, the things you look at change. (如果你改变看待事物的方式，你所看到的事物也会改变。)”指出“改变视角的力量”，下文“But what if those same challenges were actually opportunities in disguise (伪装)? (但倘若那些同样的挑战实际上只是伪装出来的机会呢？)”反问挑战到底是伪装的机会还是为成长铺路，根据下文的转折可以推断F选项“Right now, you might see challenges, or reasons why you “can’t”. (现在，你可能只看到挑战，或“你做不到”的理由。)”可以承上启下。故选F。 【19题详解】 段落标题“Reinventing Yourself: The Only Way Forward (重塑自我：唯一的前进之路)”是“重塑自我”，而且下文“You can start over. Rebuilding yourself isn’t about erasing your past. Instead, resetting your life means using the lessons from your past to help you step into the person you were meant to become. (你可以重新开始。重建自我并非抹去你的过去。相反，重新设定你的生活意味着利用过去的经验来帮助你成为你注定要成为的人。)”是关于改变自己，重新开始，因此D选项“You don’t have to be who you were yesterday. (你不必还是昨天的那个你。)”符合语境。故选D。 【20题详解】 上文“Change only for YOU. Change because YOU want more. Change because you refuse to settle for a life that doesn’t light you up. (只为了你自己而改变。因为你是想要更多的缘故而改变。因为你不甘心接受那种无法让你充满活力的生活。)”列出为自己改变的原因，因此G选项“Let your own desire to be a better self be your inspiration to live a better life. (让你想成为更好的自己的这份渴望，成为你经营更好生活的动力。)”承接上文，是“为自己改变”的核心。故选G。 第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 When Louis Braille was 3, he hurt one of his eyes. ____21____ not only set in, but it also moved to the other eye, leaving him ____22____. However, his parents were ____23____ to teach their son how to read. They pounded nails into a board in the ____24____ of letters and began to teach him the alphabet (字母表). He studied hard, which ____25____ reading raised letters with his fingertips, a tiring exercise. Later, he entered the Royal Institute for Blind Youth. The ____26____ came when Louis was introduced to a sonographic (超声) language used in the darkness, ____27____ sounds like dots and dashes (点和划) as a code for soldiers who needed to ____28____ communicate. It was heavy but in a way provided ____29____ for Louis Braille. Over the next four years, he _____30_____ his alphabet: six cells of dots arranged in two columns and three rows. Each _____31_____ of dots represented a letter. Later, with the help of a _____32_____ friend who invented a machine to emboss (压印) the alphabet _____33_____ Louis Braille onto sheets of paper, he wrote home to his mother. Like those blind people who _____34_____ before Louis Braille invented his writing system called Braille, we can only _____35_____ how wonderful those letters must have been— but they meant the world to his mother, just as his alphabet has meant so much to the rest of the world. 21. A. Infection B. Anxiety C. Blame D. Conflict 22. A. risky B. invisible C. blind D. abnormal 23. A. unlikely B. determined C. unwilling D. suitable 24. A. charge B. shape C. spirit D. center 25. A. placed B. proved C. received D. required 26. A. opportunity B. appetite C. display D. breakthrough 27. A. employing B. seeking C. obtaining D. inferring 28. A. instantly B. occasionally C. secretly D. efficiently 29. A. resource B. inspiration C. support D. solution 30. A. recovered B. printed C. cloned D. perfected 31. A. combination B. appearance C. position D. size 32. A. reliable B. generous C. brilliant D. typical 33. A. focused on B. carved by C. left with D. named after 34. A. interacted B. existed C. cared D. reflected 35. A. imagine B. conclude C. create D. record 【答案】21. A 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. D 26. D 27. A 28. C 29. B 30. D 31. A 32. C 33. D 34. B 35. A 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。文章主要讲述了Louis Braille幼年失明后，在父母的教导下坚持学习，受军用编码启发完善盲文字母体系，给盲人世界带来改变的故事。 【21题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：眼疾引发的感染不仅迅速恶化，还蔓延到了另一只眼睛，最终导致他双目失明。A. Infection感染；B. Anxiety焦虑；C. Blame责备；D. Conflict冲突。根据上文“When Louis Braille was 3, he hurt one of his eyes.”可推测，Louis Braille眼睛受伤后，随之而来的是眼部问题的感染。故选A。 【22题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：眼疾引发的感染不仅迅速恶化，还蔓延到了另一只眼睛，最终导致他双目失明。A. risky有风险的、危险的；B. invisible看不见的、隐形的；C. blind失明的、盲目的；D. abnormal反常的、畸形的。根据上文“________ not only set in, but it also moved to the other eye”可知，感染扩散到了另一只眼睛。由此可推测，此处指的是这一状况导致他双目失明。故选C。 【23题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但他的父母下定决心要教儿子读书识字。A. unlikely不太可能的；B. determined坚定的、坚决的；C. unwilling不情愿的；D. suitable合适的、适宜的。根据下文“They pounded nails into a board in the ________ of letters and began to teach him the alphabet（字母表）”可知，父母主动想办法教他认字，可见其态度十分坚决。故选B。 【24题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们将钉子钉在木板上，组成一个个字母的形状，开始教他认识字母表。A. charge负责、掌管；B. shape形状、外形；C. spirit精神、心灵；D. center中心、中央。根据空前“They pounded nails into a board”可知，父母是把钉子钉在木板上，做成字母的形状。考查短语：in the shape of，意为“以……的形状”，符合句意。故选B。 【25题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他学习十分刻苦，这种学习方式需要他用指尖去触摸凸起的字母，是一项颇为费力的功课。A. placed放置、安放；B. proved证明、证实；C. received收到、得到；D. required需要、要求。根据上文“They pounded nails into a board in the ________ of letters and began to teach him the alphabet(字母表).”以及空后“a tiring exercise”可推测，他需要用指尖认读凸起的字母，这样的学习方式需要耗费精力。故选D。 【26题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一次突破性的转机降临了——Louis接触到了一种适用于黑暗环境的超声编码语言。这种语言采用点和划的组合作为代码，供需要秘密联络的士兵使用。A. opportunity机会、机遇；B. appetite胃口、食欲；C. display展示、陈列；D. breakthrough突破、重大进展。根据“when Louis was introduced to a sonographic(超声) language used in the darkness”以及下文Louis Braille创造出盲文体系的内容，可推测，此处指的是他接触到一种超声语言时，迎来了关键性的转折。故选D。 【27题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：一次突破性的转机降临了——Louis接触到了一种适用于黑暗环境的超声编码语言。这种语言采用点和划的组合作为代码，供需要秘密联络的士兵使用。A. employing采用、雇佣；B. seeking寻找、寻求；C. obtaining获得、得到；D. inferring推断、推论。根据空后“sounds like dots and dashes(点和划) as a code”可知，这种语言采用点和划的声音作为代码。故选A。 【28题详解】 考查副词词义辨析。句意：一次突破性的转机降临了——Louis接触到了一种适用于黑暗环境的超声编码语言。这种语言采用点和划的组合作为代码，供需要秘密联络的士兵使用。A. instantly立即、马上；B. occasionally偶尔、间或；C. secretly秘密地、私下地；D. efficiently高效地、有效地。根据上文“for soldiers”可知，这种编码语言是供士兵使用的。结合常识，士兵在执行任务时的沟通往往需要保密。故选C。 【29题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：它虽然操作繁琐，却在某种程度上为Louis Braille带来了灵感。A. resource资源、物力；B. inspiration灵感、鼓舞；C. support支持、支撑；D. solution解决方案、解答。根据下文“Over the next four years, he ________ his alphabet: six cells of dots arranged in two columns and three rows.”可知，Louis Braille基于此创造盲文字母表的内容，这种编码体系为他带来了启发。故选B。 【30题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在之后的四年里，他不断完善自己的字母体系：以六个凸点为一个单元，排列成两列三行的矩阵。A. recovered恢复、康复；B. printed印刷、打印；C. cloned克隆、复制；D. perfected完善、使完美。根据下文“six cells of dots arranged in two columns and three rows”可知，Louis Braille用四年时间设计并完善了自己的字母表体系。故选D。 【31题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每个凸点组合，都代表一个字母。A. combination组合、结合体；B. appearance外貌、外观；C. position位置、职位；D. size尺寸、大小。根据上文“six cells of dots arranged in two columns and three rows”可知，盲文的每个字母都是由不同的点的组合来表示的。故选A。 【32题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：后来，在一位才华横溢的朋友的帮助下，这位朋友发明了一种能将以Louis Braille名字命名的字母图案压印在纸张上的机器，于是他给母亲写信了。A. reliable可靠的、可信赖的；B. generous慷慨的、大方的；C. brilliant聪颖的、杰出的；D. typical典型的、有代表性的。根据下文“who invented a machine to emboss (压印) the alphabet ____1____ Louis Braille onto sheets of paper”可知，这位朋友发明了压印字母的机器，可见其十分聪慧。故选C。 【33题详解】 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：后来，在一位才华横溢的朋友的帮助下，这位朋友发明了一种能将以Louis Braille名字命名的字母图案压印在纸张上的机器，于是他给母亲写信了。A. focused on专注于、聚焦于；B. carved by被……雕刻；C. left with留给、剩下；D. named after以……命名。根据常识可知，这种盲文体系是以Louis Braille的名字命名的，此处指机器将以他名字命名的字母表压印在纸上。故选D。 【34题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像在Louis Braille发明名为“Braille体”的书写系统之前那些失明者一样，我们只能想象那些字母一定是多么美妙——但它们对他的母亲来说意义非凡，正如他的字母表对世界其他地区来说意义重大一样。A. interacted互动、相互作用；B. existed存在、生存；C. cared关心、在乎；D. reflected反映、反射。根据下文“we can only ________ how wonderful those letters must have been”可知，此处指和那些在布莱叶盲文体系发明之前就存在的盲人一样。故选B。 【35题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：就像在Louis Braille发明名为“Braille体”的书写系统之前那些失明者一样，我们只能想象那些字母一定是多么美妙——但它们对他的母亲来说意义非凡，正如他的字母表对世界其他地区来说意义重大一样。A. imagine想象、设想；B. conclude推断、得出结论；C. create创造、创作；D. record记录、记载。根据语境，现代人无法亲身体验盲文发明前盲人的处境，只能去想象那些字母对其母亲的意义。故选A。 第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The 77th Frankfurt Book Fair brought together more than 4,000 exhibitors from 92 countries and regions. And nearly 240,000 visitors ____36____ (attract) to the fair. Since its founding in 1949, the fair ____37____ (grow) into one of the world’s largest ____38____ (publish) events and an important platform for culture exchange. It has also become a major stage for Chinese publishers ____39____ (share) their works with global audiences. Kaiser, vice president of the Frankfurt Book Fair, said she was pleased to see China’s strong ____40____ (present) at this year’s event and added the fair aims to create an open and equal platform ____41____ global participants, helping different cultures understand each other through dialogues. “We are very happy to see high-quality, China-organized programs appear on the international stage,” she said. “____42____ number of Chinese exhibitors has also grown compared with last year, ____43____ their overall participation has been very active.” Despite the rapid evolution of technology, Kaiser remains convinced that the value of reading and literature remains ____44____ (replaceable). “No matter how technology develops, imagination and creativity belong to human beings alone,” she said. “It is this unique human creativity ____45____ gives reading its enduring meaning.” 【答案】36. were attracted 37. has grown 38. publishing 39. to share 40. presence 41. for 42. The 43. and 44. irreplaceable 45. that 【解析】 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了第77届法兰克福书展的意义以及书展的副主席对中国的高度评价。 【36题详解】 考查时态和语态。句意：近24万名参观者慕名而来参加此次书展。句子主语是nearly 240,000 visitors，为复数名词，与attract是被动关系，并且根据上文谓语动词brought可判断此句陈述过去的事情，attract需用一般过去时的被动形式。故填were attracted。 【37题详解】 考查动词时态。句意：自1949年创办以来，该书展已发展成为全球最大的出版活动之一，并成为文化交流的重要平台。Since its founding in 1949是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，且主语the fair为单数。故填has grown。 【38题详解】 考查非谓语。句意：自1949年创办以来，该书展已发展成为全球最大的出版活动之一，并成为文化交流的重要平台。events是名词，空处应用动名词作定语修饰events，表示“出版业活动”。故填publishing。 【39题详解】 考查非谓语动词。句意：它也成为了中国出版商向全球受众分享其作品的重要舞台。已有has become作谓语，share在句中作非谓语动词，修饰名词a major stage，用不定式作后置定语，说明这个舞台的作用，a stage for sb. to do sth. 是一个常用表达结构，意为“一个供某人做某事的舞台”。故填to share。 【40题详解】 考查名词。句意：法兰克福书展副主席凯泽表示，她很高兴看到中国在今年的活动中强势亮相，并补充说，该书展旨在为全球参与者创造一个开放、平等的平台，通过对话帮助不同文化相互理解。空前有形容词，空处需接名词形式presence“出席、参与”，在句中作动词see宾语。故填presence。 【41题详解】 考查介词。句意：法兰克福书展副主席凯泽表示，她很高兴看到中国在今年的活动中表现出强大的影响力，并补充说，该书展旨在为全球参与者创造一个开放、平等的平台，通过对话帮助不同文化相互理解。create sth. for sb. 为某人创造某物。故填for。 【42题详解】 考查冠词。句意：与去年相比，中国参展商的数量也有所增加，他们的整体参与也非常活跃。“the number of+名词”表示“……的数量”，作主语时谓语用单数，位于直接引语句首，首字母大写。故填The。 【43题详解】 考查连词。句意：与去年相比，中国参展商的数量也有所增加，他们的整体参与也非常活跃。上文“________ number of Chinese exhibitors has also grown compared with last year”与下文“their overall participation has been very active”之间为并列顺承关系，用连词and连接两个并列分句。故填and。 【44题详解】 考查形容词。句意：尽管技术迅速发展，凯泽仍然坚信阅读和文学价值是不可替代的。remain是系动词，后需接形容词作表语。根据句意可知，此处表示“不可替代的”，用形容词irreplaceable。故填irreplaceable。 【45题详解】 考查强调句。句意：正是这种独特的人类创造力赋予了阅读其长久的意义。本句是强调句，其结构为It is/was +被强调部分+that从句，此句对主语this unique human creativity进行强调。故填that。 第四部分 写作（共两节，满分40分） 第一节（满分15分） 46. 假定你是李华，你校英语角计划本周五进行一次“高效笔记”的分享活动，请你写一篇英文发言稿，内容包括： 1.高效笔记的重要性； 2.分享方法。 注意： 1.写作词数应为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Good afternoon, everyone! ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Good afternoon, everyone! As we all know, better grades start with better notes. Organized notes can help improve your recall of what you have learned in class. Below are some tips. First of all, focus simply on keywords and concepts. Write down individual words or phrases that are most relevant to the topic. Besides, take notes in your own words, which will help you understand and remember what you hear better. You can also use short symbols instead of long words to save time. What’s more, use different colored highlighters to emphasize key information, which can allow you to remember the contents of your notes more easily. I hope you can find my tips useful and make great progress in study. Thanks for your listening! 【解析】 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文写作中的发言稿。要求考生以“高效笔记”为主题写篇文章参加学校英语角组织的分享活动。 【详解】1.词汇积累 提高：improve→ enhance 进步：progress→ advance 专注于：focus on→ concentrate on 帮助：help→ assist 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句：You can also use short symbols instead of long words to save time. 拓展句：You can also use short symbols instead of long words so that you can save time. 【点睛】【高分句型1】Organized notes can help improve your recall of what you have learned in class.（运用了what引导的宾语从句） 【高分句型2】Besides, take notes in your own words, which will help you understand and remember what you hear better.（运用了which引导的定语从句和what引导的宾语从句） 第二节（满分25分） 47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完 整的短文。 Three days after my husband, Paul, and I drove south from New Jersey and moved into a new house in the city of Nashville, my husband suffered a heart attack at the gym on the treadmill (跑步机) when I was cooking a chicken in our new home. “The doctors shocked him with a defibrillator (除颤器) and got his heart beating again. He’s now on the way by ambulance to Ascension St. Thomas,” trembled the Southern voice of a clearly frightened gym employee. I thanked her, hung up, stood frozen with the raw chicken still in hand, wondering where Ascension St. Whatever was. I was born in New Jersey and hated its rainy days. Since childhood, I’d dreamed of escaping my home state. But after I married and had children, life kept me firmly planted in New Jersey until two months ago when Paul and I finally took action. We left New Jersey and came to Nashville where we bought a little house in the south. We planned to split (分开) our time between New Jersey and Nashville and, eventually, let go of New Jersey, once we’d adjusted to Nashville. But now standing alone on that January day in this strange city, our plan all felt like a joke. Back in New Jersey, we had many relatives and friends, but in Nashville we knew nobody. I had no one to help me. Because our car was at the gym, I called a taxi. I sat in the back of my paid ride, speed-dialing favorites on my phone, speaking out what had happened to the first human who picked up. I rushed into the emergency room at Ascension St. Thomas and found Paul was heavily drugged, but still alive. Then forty-eight hours later, he emerged from the surgery — and I emerged into a tornado of support from New Jersey friends though they were far from us. Someone, somehow, had filled our fridge. A box of food miraculously made it to me in the ICU. A cake appeared on our porch without a note. 注意： 1.续写词数应为150个左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Day after day, calls and texts checked in from New Jersey. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ After Paul recovered, we talked about our former idea and made a decision. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Day after day, calls and texts checked in from New Jersey. Night after night, hot meals appeared at home and at the hospital, ordered by New Jersey friends who, without missing a beat, figured out exactly what to get from where. Once Paul was discharged, these New Jersey angels flew down and moved in with us, sitting watch so I could shop for food or take a walk, rubbing Paul’s feet to distract him from post-surgical pain, cooking dinner while I drove him to the hospital. That strange city of Nashville, once cold and scary, started to feel warm — all because of the love coming from thousands of miles away. After Paul recovered, we talked about our former idea and made a decision. We wouldn’t “let go of New Jersey” like we planned. Paul held my hand and said, “Home isn’t a house — it’s the people who show up when you’re down.” So we kept our New Jersey home, splitting time between the two places. Now, when I look at New Jersey’s rainy days, I don’t complain anymore. I think of the fridge filled with food, the cake on the porch, and the calls that never stopped. Truly, there’s no place like home — especially when home has friends who love you like family. 【解析】 【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者搬到纳什维尔三天后，丈夫保罗在健身房突发心脏病。初到陌生城市的我孤立无援，远在新泽西的亲友却及时送来关怀与帮助，送来食物、轮流照料。康复后他们决定保留两处住所，也明白了家的真谛是雪中送炭的人。 【详解】1.段落续写： ①由第一段首句内容“日复一日，来自新泽西的电话和短信不断传来”可知，第一段可描写远在新泽西的亲友却及时送来关怀与帮助，送来食物、轮流照料。 ②由第二段首句内容“保罗康复后，我们讨论了之前的计划，并做出了决定”可知，第二段可描写康复后他们决定保留两处住所，也明白了家的真谛是雪中送炭的人。 2.续写线索：亲友送来关怀——送来食物——轮流守夜——丈夫康复——保留两处住所——感悟 3.词汇激活 行为类 ①出现：appear/show up/come out ②订购：order/purchase ③弄清楚：figure out/make clear 情绪类 ①可怕的：scary/frightful ②情绪低落：down/in low spirit 【点睛】[高分句型1] Night after night, hot meals appeared at home and at the hospital, ordered by New Jersey friends who, without missing a beat, figured out exactly what to get from where.（运用了who引导非限制性定语从句和what引导宾语从句） [高分句型2] Home isn’t a house — it’s the people who show up when you’re down.（运用了when引导时间状语从句） 第1页/共1页 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $