Unit 7 Space exploration 词汇、短语和句型背记 2025-2026学年沪教版英语八年级下册

该初中英语知识清单系统梳理了Unit 7 Space exploration单元内容，涵盖核心词汇、重点短语、核心句型及语法拓展四大知识范畴，为学生搭建了从“词汇搭配记忆”到“短语场景应用”再到“句型语法融合”的递进式学习支架。 清单采用“分类呈现+关联拓展”的方式构建知识体系，如词汇表标注“常见搭配/例句提示”，句型部分结合语法拓展讲解过去进行时用法，培养学生的语言能力和思维品质。特别设计“易错点提示”，如语法部分强调“单数主语用was，复数用were”，不同基础学生可高效掌握，教师能据此设计针对性教学，提升课堂实效。

Unit 7 Space exploration 词汇、短语和句型背记 一、核心词汇 英文单词 音标 中文释义 词性 备注(常见搭配/例句提示) astronaut / str n t/ 宇航员;航天员 n. 搭配astronaut training(宇航员训练)、space astronaut(太空航天员),例:The astronaut spent 93 days on the space station.(这位宇航员在空间站待了93天) orbit / b t/ 轨道;绕轨道运行 n./v. 搭配go into orbit(进入轨道)、in orbit(在轨道上),例:The spacecraft took 10 minutes to get into orbit.(航天器花了10分钟进入轨道) gravity / r v ti/ 重力;地心引力 n. 搭配zero gravity(失重)、gravity pull(引力),例:Astronauts float in space because of zero gravity.(宇航员因失重在太空漂浮) spacecraft / spe skr ft/ 航天器;宇宙飞船 n. 复数形式不变,搭配manned spacecraft(载人航天器)、spacecraft launch(航天器发射),例:The spacecraft delivered supplies to the space station.(航天器向空间站运送了物资) satellite / s t la t/ 人造卫星 n. 搭配communication satellite(通信卫星)、military satellite(军用卫星),例:Broken satellites are a main source of space junk.(报废卫星是太空垃圾的主要来源) spacewalk / spe sw k/ 太空行走;舱外活动 n./v. 搭配perform a spacewalk(执行太空行走)、extravehicular spacewalk(舱外太空行走),例:The astronauts performed a 6-hour spacewalk.(宇航员执行了6小时的太空行走) launch /l nt / 发射;发起 v./n. 搭配rocket launch(火箭发射)、launch a satellite(发射卫星),例:The rocket launch was successful at 9 a.m.(火箭于上午9点成功发射) survive /s va v/ 生存;存活 v. 搭配survive in space(在太空生存)、survive the mission(顺利完成任务),例:Astronauts need special equipment to survive in space.(宇航员需要特殊设备在太空生存) damage / d m d / 损坏;毁坏 v./n. 搭配cause damage(造成损坏)、space junk damage(太空垃圾损坏),例:Space junk can damage spacecrafts and satellites.(太空垃圾会损坏航天器和卫星) detect /d tekt/ 探测;检测 v. 搭配detect space junk(探测太空垃圾)、detect signals(检测信号),例:Drones are used to detect elephant movements.(无人机用于探测大象活动) radiation / re di e n/ 辐射 n. 搭配radiation levels(辐射水平)、high radiation(高辐射),例:Mars has high radiation levels because of its thin atmosphere.(火星因大气层稀薄,辐射水平高) deliver /d l v (r)/ 传送;运载 v. 搭配deliver supplies(运送物资)、deliver fuel(输送燃料),例:The cargo spacecraft delivered food to astronauts.(货运飞船向宇航员运送了食物) supply /s pla / 供应;物资 v./n. 搭配supply oxygen(供应氧气)、daily supplies(日常物资),例:A steady supply of oxygen is necessary for astronauts.(稳定的氧气供应对宇航员至关重要) 二、重点短语 英文短语 中文释义 搭配/例句 space exploration 太空探索 China has made great achievements in space exploration.(中国在太空探索方面取得了巨大成就) take off 起飞;升空 The rocket took off at dawn and entered orbit soon.(火箭黎明时分起飞,很快进入轨道) go into orbit 进入轨道 It takes about 10 minutes for the spacecraft to go into orbit.(航天器大约需要10分钟进入轨道) space junk 太空垃圾 Space junk has become a serious problem for space missions.(太空垃圾已成为太空任务的严重问题) daily routine 日常生活;日常工作 Exercising is an important part of astronauts daily routine.(锻炼是宇航员日常生活的重要部分) by mistake 错误地;无意中 The astronaut almost hit the equipment by mistake.(宇航员差点无意中撞到设备) cannot afford to 承担不起(后果) Astronauts cannot afford to make mistakes during spacewalks.(宇航员在太空行走时承担不起犯错的后果) with the help of 在……的帮助下 With the help of AI, scientists designed the space station.(在人工智能的帮助下,科学家设计了空间站) manned space programme 载人航天工程 China's manned space programme has developed rapidly.(中国载人航天工程发展迅速) lunar exploration 月球探测 The lunar exploration mission collected many rock samples.(月球探测任务收集了许多岩石样本) naked eye 肉眼 The space station can be seen with the naked eye at night.(夜晚用肉眼就能看到空间站) 三、核心句型 句型结构 中文释义 例句 备注(用法说明) 过去进行时(描述过去持续动作):主语 + was/were + Verb-ing + 其他. 某人/某物过去正在做…… We were waiting for the launch when the alarm rang.(警报响起时,我们正在等待发射) 单元核心语法,强调过去某一时刻/时段持续的动作 过去进行时(同时进行的动作):While/When + 主语 + was/were + Verb-ing, 主语 + was/were + Verb-ing. 当……正在做……时,……正在做…… While the astronaut was doing experiments, his teammate was repairing equipment.(当这位宇航员在做实验时,他的队友在修理设备) 用while连接两个持续动作,when可连接持续与短暂动作 描述太空生活:Astronauts + 动词 + 宾语 + in space. 宇航员在太空中…… Astronauts sleep in sleeping bags to avoid floating around.(宇航员睡在睡袋里以防漂浮) 适配“介绍宇航员日常”场景 介绍航天成就:主语 + was/were + 过去分词 + 其他.(被动语态) 某物被……(用于描述航天任务/工程) The Tiangong space station was completed in 2022.(天宫空间站于2022年建成) 结合被动语态客观陈述事实 谈论太空问题:主语 + is/are + a problem for + 宾语. ……对……来说是个问题 Space junk is a big problem for space exploration.(太空垃圾对太空探索来说是个大问题) 简洁表达太空环保相关话题 撰写宇航员文章:主语 + devoted his/her life to + Verb-ing. 某人为……奉献了一生 Nie Haisheng devoted his life to China's space programme.(聂海胜为中国航天事业奉献了一生) 贴合单元写作任务(介绍宇航员) 表达可能性:It is (very) likely that + 从句. 很可能…… It is very likely that humans will visit Mars in the future.(人类未来很可能会探访火星) 适配“讨论太空探索未来”场景 四、语法拓展:过去进行时(单元核心考点) 核心用法与结构 用法类型 结构公式 适用场景 单元例句 易错点提示 肯定式 主语 + was/were + Verb-ing 描述过去某一时刻/时段正在进行的动作 At 3 p.m. yesterday, the astronauts were doing spacewalk.(昨天下午3点,宇航员们正在进行太空行走) 主谓一致:单数主语用was,复数用were(错误:He were working He was working√) 否定式 主语 + was/were + not + Verb-ing 表达过去某一时刻/时段没有在做的动作 The spacecraft was not orbiting the Earth at that time.(那时候航天器没有在绕地球运行) 缩写形式:was not=wasn't,were not=weren't(正确:wasn't launching√,weren't preparing√) 疑问式 Was/Were + 主语 + Verb-ing? 询问过去某一时刻/时段是否在做某事 Were the scientists monitoring the satellites signal?(科学家们当时在监测卫星信号吗?) 疑问词需置于was/were之前(正确:What were they doing√) 过去持续+短暂动作 主语 + was/were + Verb-ing when + 主语 + 过去式 描述一个持续动作中发生了短暂动作 The team was celebrating when the launch succeeded.(发射成功时,团队正在庆祝) 持续动作用过去进行时,短暂动作用一般过去时 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $