安徽省2026年中考英语二轮复习语法专项突破课件 专题九动词的时态和语态

该初中英语中考复习课件聚焦“动词的时态和语态”核心考点，依据中考说明系统梳理了8种时态（如一般现在时、现在完成时等）和5种被动语态的构成、标志词及真题考查分布，重点突出现在完成时延续性转换（占比约25%）、被动语态特殊用法（占比约20%）等高频考点，并按“构成-标志词-真题示例”归纳常考题型。 课件亮点在于“考点精讲+真题实战+易错突破”模式，如通过2025年北京真题“Mary was drawing when her dad got home”解析过去进行时“when/while”用法，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。针对现在完成时“buy→have”等非延续性动词转换（附对照表），配合21道各地中考真题练习，帮助学生掌握答题技巧，教师可依此精准规划复习，提升冲刺效率。

专题九　动词的时态和语态 动词的时态 和被动语态 动词的时态 和被动语态 考点一　动词的时态 1.常见时态 时态 构成 示例 一般现在时 work/works I work every day.我每天都工作。 一般过去时 worked I worked yesterday.昨天我工作了。 一般将来时 will/shall work is/am/are going to work I will work tomorrow.我明天会继续工作。 I am going to work tomorrow.我明天要去上班。 现在进行时 is/am/are working She is working now.她现在在工作。 时态 构成 示例 过去进行时 was/were working They were working at that time.那个时候他们正在工作。 现在完成时 have/has worked He has worked for 2 hours.他已经工作了两个小时。 过去完成时 had worked He had learned 2，000 words by the end of last year.到去年为止，他已经学会了2 000个单词。 过去将来时 would work was/were going to work She said that she would fly to Beijing next year.她曾说明年她要飞去北京。 She said that she was going to work next year.她曾经说她明年将会去工作。 2.一般现在时 含义 表事物(或人)的特征、状态，例：He has three sisters.他有三个姐姐。 表经常性或习惯性的动作，例：Bob goes shopping once a month.Bob每月去购物一次。 表客观真理、客观存在等，例：The moon goes around the earth.月亮绕着地球运转。 注意 当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，即在动词原形后加⁃s或⁃es 三单 构成 规则 大多数动词在词尾加⁃s，例：read→reads 辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加⁃es，例：study→studies，cry→cries，fly→flies 元音字母+y结尾，直接加⁃s，例：play→plays，enjoy→enjoys 以“s，x，ch，sh，o”结尾的，在词尾加⁃es，例：cross→crosses，fix→fixes，watch→watches，wash→washes，do→does 特殊：(1)be动词包括：am，is，are；第三人称单数为is　(2)have→has 标志词 always，usually，often，sometimes，every day，on Sundays等 (2025·扬州)During Guyu， the temperature usually 　　　 a lot and rain increases.  A. rises　　　B. rose　　　C. is rising　　　 D. has risen ［解析］句意：谷雨期间，气温通常会大幅回升，降雨量也会增加。根据“During Guyu， the temperature usually ... a lot and rain increases.”可知，句子叙述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，主语“the temperature”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ［答案］A 3.一般过去时 含义 表示事物(或人)在过去的特征、状态，例：I was a teacher last year.去年我是老师。 表示过去的动作，例：I watched TV last night.我昨天晚上在看电视。 过去式构成规则 规则变化 大多数动词在词尾加⁃ed，例：want→wanted 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，直接加⁃d，例：hope→hoped，live→lived 辅音字母+y结尾，改y为i再加⁃ed，例：study→studied，cry→cried 重读辅元辅结尾需双写最后一个辅音字母再加⁃ed，例：stop→stopped，plan→planned 过去式构成规则 不规则变化 am/is→was put→put eat→ate buy→bought fall→fell　　are→were cut→cut swim→swam teach→taught wake→woke　　go→went hurt→hurt lose→lost bring→brought break→broke　　do→did cost→cost see→saw think→thought win→won 标志词 the other day，last night，yesterday，some years ago，at the age of，in 1878， in the past，just now，on that day，once upon a time等 Our tree⁃planting activity 　　　 for two hours this morning. We were tired but very satisfied.  A. lasts　　　B. lasted　　　 C. has lasted　　 D. will last ［解析］句意：我们今天早上的植树活动持续了两个小时。我们很累，但很满意。根据时间状语“this morning”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事情，应该用一般过去时，所以动词last应用过去式lasted。 ［答案］B 4.一般将来时 含义 表示将来计划、准备、打算做某事 结构 will/shall+do(动词原形)(will可用于所有人称，shall只用于第一人称I/we) be going to+do(动词原形)(be—am/is/are根据主语的变化而变化) 标志词 tonight，tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，this afternoon，next week，in two years，three days later，in 2050，soon等 注意 go，come，leave，stay，start，begin等少数表位移的词，用现在进行时表将来，例： I am coming.我来了。　I am leaving for Beijing soon.我很快就要去北京了。 由if，when，as soon as等引导的时间和条件状语从句，当主句是一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来(主将从现)，例： I will call you as soon as I get to school.我一到学校就给你打电话。 there be的一般将来时：There will be/There is/are going to be (2025·江西)—Lisa， your shoes are dirty. —Oh， just leave them there， Mum. I 　　　 them with my clothes.  A. wash　　　B. will wash　　　C. washed　　　D. have washed ［解析］句意：——Lisa，你的鞋子脏了。——哦，就把它们放那儿吧，妈妈。我把它们和衣服一起洗。根据“Oh， just leave them there， Mum. I ... them with my clothes.”可知，此处表示将来要做的动作，需用一般将来时(will do)。 ［答案］B 5.现在进行时 含义 (1)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作 (2)也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作 构成 be(am/is/are)+v.⁃ing(动词的现在分词) 现在 分词 构成 规则 一般情况下直接在动词后面加⁃ing，例：read→reading，sleep→sleeping 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉字母e再加⁃ing，例：come→coming，make→making 以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，双写末尾的辅音字母再加⁃ing，例：sit→sitting，stop→stopping，run→running，begin→beginning，cut→cutting，get→getting，swim→swimming，dig→digging 标志词 now，look，listen，these days，at this time等 —Why is the music room so noisy？ —Some students 　　　 for the talent show there.  A. practice　　　　　 B. practiced　　　　　 C. will practice　　　　　 D. are practicing ［解析］句意：——音乐室为何如此嘈杂？——一些学生正在那里为才艺表演排练。根据“Why is the music room so noisy？”可知，空处应是描述正在发生的动作，需用现在进行时，其结构为be doing，主语Some students为名词复数，be动词用are。 ［答案］D 6.过去进行时 构成 was/were+doing 含义 表示过去某一时刻或某一时间段正在进行的动作 标志词 then，at that time，at this time yesterday，at 8：00 yesterday morning，all night，when，while等 用法区别 when (1)既指时间点，也可指时间段；后可接终止性动词，也可接延续性动词 (2)从句的动作和主句的动作可以是同时，也可以是先后发生 (3)when后一般接过去式，例：When the teacher came in，we were talking.当老师进教室的时候，我们那时正在聊天。 (4)表“突然”，例：I was having my dinner when there was a sudden knock at the door.我正坐在餐桌前吃晚饭，门外突然响起了敲门声。 while (1)后接延续性动词 (2)从句的动作和主句的动作是同时发生 (3)while后一般接进行时，例：While we were talking，the teacher came in.我们正在说话，忽然老师走了进来。 (4)表“然而”，例：Mother was cooking，while Father was watching TV.母亲正在做饭，而父亲正在看电视。 He came across an unknown poem while he 　　　 for something else.  A. was searching　　　　　B. is searching　　　　　 C. has searched　　　　　 D. searches ［解析］句意：当他在搜索别的东西时，偶然发现了一首不知名的诗。主句“He came across an unknown poem”为一般过去时，while引导的时间状语从句表示“过去某个时刻正在进行的动作”，应用过去进行时was/were doing。从句主语he为第三人称单数，故用was searching。 ［答案］A 7.现在完成时 (1)基本用法 定义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，例： I have seen this movie twice.我看过这部电影两次。 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态，例： I have lived in Changsha for 3 years.我在长沙住了三年。 构成 have/has+过去分词 标志词 already(“已经”，用于肯定句) He has already got her help.他已经得到她的帮助。 yet(“已经”，用于疑问句； “还”，用于否定句) Has he come back yet？他已经回来吗？ He hasn’t come back yet.他还没有回来。 ever(曾经) This is the best film I have ever seen.这是我看过的最好的电影。 never(从没) He has never been to Beijing.他从未去过北京。 for(+时间段) He has been away for two years.他已经离开两年了。 标志词 since(+时间点/... ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992.自1992年以来，他一直担任英语教师。 Mr. Green has lived in China since five months ago.五个月以来Green先生一直在中国生活。 Mr. Green has lived in Beijing since he came to China.Green先生自从来到中国以来一直在北京生活。 以动作发生的次数为标志， 比如twice，three times He says he has been to the USA three times.他说他已经去过美国三次了。 以so far，in the last/past few years，recently为标志 He has got to Beijing so far.他已经到过北京了。 She has studied over 2，000 words in the last few years.她在过去几年里已经学了超过2 000个单词。 (2)“终止”“延续”的转换 动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。当现在完成时与一段时间连用时，应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词 《猫》已经开演半个小时了。 Cats has began for half an hour.× Cats has been on for half an hour.√ Cats has began.√ 这本英文字典你买了多久了？ How long have you bought this English dictionary？× How long have you had this English dictionary？√ (3)常见非延续性动词与其对应的延续性动词 动词→动词 buy have borrow keep put on wear catch a cold have a cold become be 用“be+形容词”代替 marry be married fall ill be ill fall asleep be asleep wake up be awake die be dead open be open close be closed 用“be+副词”代替 start/begin be on get up be up go out be out leave be away finish be over join be a member/be in —I’m sorry for being late. —Never mind. The movie 　　　 for only 5 minutes.  A. has begun　　　　　 B. has been on　　　　　 C. have begun　　　　　D. began ［解析］句意：——很抱歉我迟到了。——没关系。电影才开始5分钟。结合句意和语境，“begin”是非延续性动词，不能与“for+时间段(for only 5 minutes)”连用，需用对应的延续性动词短语“be on”。主语“the movie”是单数，现在完成时结构为“has+过去分词”，“be”的过去分词是“been”，所以用“has been on”。 ［答案］B 8.过去完成时 结构 had+过去分词 用法 动作发生在过去的过去，例： He had written three stories by the end of last year.到去年年底，他已经完成了三篇故事。 用于主句为过去时的宾语从句中，例： They said they had seen the film.他们说已经看过这部电影。 标志词 by+过去的时间点，by the end of+过去的时间点，before+过去的时间点等 9.过去将来时 含义 表示在过去某个时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，即“站在过去看将来”，常用于宾语从句中，例： I heard that they were going to return to Shanghai soon.我听说他们不久将重返上海。 构成 由助动词“would/should+动词原形”构成 由“was/were going to+动词原形”构成 考点二　动词的语态 1.被动语态的基本用法 被动语态 的构成 be+动词的过去分词 主被动 转换 They clean the classroom.   被动语态 的使用 (1)不知道动作的执行者 (2)没有必要指出动作的执行者 (3)强调动作的承受者 (4)句子主语是物 The classroom is cleaned (by them). 具体构成 时态 主动语态及示例 被动语态及示例 一般现在时 clean/cleans They clean the room. is/am/are+cleaned The room is cleaned by them. 一般过去时 cleaned He cleaned the room. was/were cleaned The room was cleaned by him. 一般将来时 will clean She will clean the room. be going to clean She is going to clean the room. will be cleaned The room will be cleaned by her. be going to be cleaned The room is going to be cleaned by her. 具体构成 时态 主动语态及示例 被动语态及示例 现在进行时 am/is/are cleaning Lucy is cleaning the room. am/is/are being cleaned The room is being cleaned by Lucy. 过去进行时 was/were cleaning I was cleaning the room. was/were being cleaned The room was being cleaned by me. 现在完成时 have/had cleaned We have cleaned the room. have/has been cleaned The room has been cleaned by us. 情态动词 can clean He can clean the room. can be cleaned The room can be cleaned by him. 主动表被动。 1.open，lock，write，read，sell，clean，wash，cut，burn，drive等作不及物动词且主语为物时 This kind of shirt sells well.这款衬衫卖得很好。 2.look，sound，taste，smell等系动词 School uniforms look ugly on us.校服穿起来不好看。 3.be worth doing This book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。 4.want/need/require doing=want/need/require to be done My car needs repairing.我的车需要修理。 My car needs to be repaired.我的车需要被修理。 (2025·天津)Chinese 　　　 by more and more people from foreign countries today.  A. speaks　　　　B. spoke　　　　C. is spoken　　　　D. will speak ［解析］句意：如今，越来越多的外国人士开始说汉语。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。 ［答案］C 2.被动语态的几种特殊用法 种类 构成 示例 主动语态中省 去to的动词 省to的不定式see/hear/watch/feel/notice/let/make/have变被动时，应加上to My mother makes me stay at home.我妈妈让我待在家里。 I am made to stay at home by my mother.我被我妈妈安排待在家里。 含短语的动词 短语是“动词+介词”或“动词+副词”时，变被动语态时，介词、副词不能丢 We should take care of old people.我们应该照顾老人。 Old people should be taken care of by us.老人应该被我们照顾。 种类 构成 示例 含双宾语的 动词 (1)把指人的宾语变为主语时，指物的宾语仍保留在谓语之后 (2)指物的宾语变为主语时，指人的宾语前要加相应的介词 She gave me a toy.她给了我一个玩具。 I was given a toy./A toy was given to me.我被给予了一个玩具。/一个玩具被给予给我。 含情态动词 情态动词+be+动词的过去分词 You must finished your homework in time.你必须及时完成你的作业。 Your homework must be finished in time.你的作业必须及时完成。 —It is said that the new kind of medicine which can 　　　 to treat this disease will be on the market next month.  —That’s great！ A. use　　　B. be used　　　C. have used　　　D. be using ［解析］句意：——据说一种可以用来治疗这种疾病的新药将于下个月上市。——太好了！which指代先行词“the new kind of medicine”，和use之间是动宾关系，所以用被动语态，含有情态动词can的被动语态，结构是can be done。 ［答案］B 1.(2025·安徽)—The robots 　 　 each other to the finish line.  —How exciting！ Our robot is going to win. A. raced B. were racing C. race D. are racing D　 2.Smart robots 　 　 by more and more people around the world in the future.  A. use B. will use C. are used D. will be used 3.(2025·云南)The film Ne Zha 2 is worth seeing. I 　 　 it three times so far.  A. have seen B. am going to see C. saw D. see A　 D　 4.(2025·达州)—World Animal Day is on October 4th every year. —Many activities 　 　 to improve the relationship between humans and animals this day.  A. will hold B. is held C. are held 5.(2025·北京)Mary 　 　 a picture when her dad got home yesterday evening.  A. draws B. was drawing C. is drawing D. will draw B　 C　 6.(2025·北京)Charlie 　 　 his grandparents every weekend. He loves them very much.  A. visits B. was visiting C. will visit D. has visited A　 7.(2025·北京)—Peter， did you play table tennis with your friends after school yesterday？ —No， I didn’t. We 　 　 vegetables in our school garden.  A. water B. have watered C. watered D. are going to water C　 8.(2025·北京)Many international students 　 　 to visit our school since last year.  A. are coming B. have come C. came D. will come 9.(2025·北京)Language learning apps 　 　 by more and more people these days.  A. use B. used C. are used D. were used C　 B　 10.(2025·天津)The mobile phone 　 　 when I was making a cake with my mother.  A. rang B. rings C. is ringing D. is going to ring A　 11.The movie Ne Zha 2 　 　 with the public since it came out.  A. has been popular B. is popular C. was popular D. will be popular A　 12.(2025·福建)Since last year， our school 　 　 free breakfasts to students in need.  A. offered B. has offered C. was offering 13.(2025·福建)China’s Beijing Library 　 　 “Public Library of the Year” in 2024.  A. named B. was named C. will be named B　 B　 14.(2025·江西)It 　 　 heavily. We are going to get all wet walking outside.  A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining 15.(2025·江西)—I hear that Jingdezhen Porcelain(瓷器) 　 　 in Paris last month.  —Wow！ Good news. A. shows B. has shown C. is shown D. was shown D　 A　 16.(2025·合肥庐阳区校级四模)In the near future， the world’s attention 　 　 to the following step of China’s exploration plan.  A. was drawn B. is drawn C. will be drawn D. has been drawn C　 17.It’s reported that another big shopping center 　 　 here next year.  A. will open B. opened C. opens D. is open 18.The children 　 　 games in the garden when their parents called them in for dinner.  A. play B. will play C. were playing D. are playing C　 A　 19.—You’re looking very smart in a new suit today. —Thanks. But to tell you the truth， I 　 　 it for quite a few years.  A. had B. bought C. have had D. have bought 20.The Smiths 　 　 in Shanghai since 2015. They love the city.  A. live B. have lived C. will live D. lived B　 C　 21.—Why do the elephants in Africa have to 　 　？  —Because humans there catch them for their ivory to make money. A. protect B. protected C. be protected D. are protected 22.The new library 　 　 last year and it has become a popular place for students.  A. builds B. built C. is built D. was built D　 C　 $