专题03 动词考点、动词时态归纳3（现在完成时、过去完成时）-九年级英语人教版

专题03 动词考点、动词时态归纳3（现在完成时、过去完成时） 动词考点 考点1.辨析invent, discover, find, find out （1）invent意为“发明”，表示发明过去不存在的东西。 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。Edison invented the light bulb. （2）discover意为“发现”，多指发现本来就存在但目前不为人知的事物。 哥伦布发现了美洲。Columbus discovered America. （3）find意为“发现；找到”，侧重指找到过去走失的人或丢失的物，也指偶然、无意识地发现，强调动作的结果。 我在地板上发现了这支铅笔。I found the pencil on the floor. （4）find out意为“查明；弄清楚”，指经过一番努力或克服一些困难才找到或发现东西或事实真相 我们必须弄清楚这件事情的真相 We must find out the truth of the matter。 —Who the computer？ —Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly. A. invented B. discovered C. made D. played 考点2.辨析 bring, take, fetch/get, carry bring 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地点，动作由远及近。 take 指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走，动作由近及远。 fetch/get 指从说话者所在地到某处，然后从某处把某物带回到说话者所在地，动作是先去后回。 carry 不特别表示带到什么地方，而携带或搬运的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。 Don’t forget to bring me that book next time you come.下次你来的时候，别忘了把那本书给我带来。 When he leaves, he will take the book with him.他走的时候会把书带走的。 You have to fetch/get the book.你得去把那本书取回来。 The box is too heavy for me to carry.那箱子太重了，我搬不动。 —I’m sorry, Mr. Hu. I ______ my English exercise book at home. —It doesn’t matter. Please remember ______ it here this afternoon. A. forgot; to bring B. left; to take C. forgot; to take D. left; to bring 考点3.辨析 lie, lay 单词 词性 含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 动词 躺，位于 lay lain lying 说谎 lied lied lying 名词 谎言 / / / lay 动词 下蛋，产卵，放置 laid laid laying The town lies on the coast.这个镇位于海滨。 Don’t lie to me！别对我撒谎！ 考点拓展 lie的短语 tell a lie说谎 lie about sth. to sb.就某事对某人撒谎 用所给词的适当形式填空 The famous bookshop ______（lie）on Charing Cross Road in London in the 1940s. 考点4. borrow, lend, keep, use的用法 考点辨析（1）borrow对于主语来说是“借入”，表示“借他人的东西自已使用”时，与介词from搭配，常用于borow sb. Sth.或borrow sth. from sb. /sp.结构中。 Did you borrow money from her？你向她借过钱吗？ （2）lend对于主语来说是“借出”，表示“将自己的东西借给别人使用”时，与介词to搭配，常用于lend sb. sth./lend sth. to sb.结构中。 Could you lend your English book to me？你能把你的英语书借给我吗？ （3）keep做“借”讲时，是延续性动词，通常表示“借了某物多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，而borrow和lend是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for three weeks.这本书你可以借三周。 （4）use含有“借......用”的意思，相当于borrow。 May I use your bike？我可以借你的自行车用一下吗？ —Could you ______ me your bike, Tom？ —OK. And you can ______ it for a week. A. lend; keep B. borrow; lend C. lend; borrow D. borrow; keep 考点5.leave的用法 用法分析 leave为动词，意为“遗忘，留下”。常用结构：leave sth. somewhere把某物忘/留在某地；leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下。 我经常把钥匙忘在车里。I often leave my key in the car. 不幸的是，我把护照忘在酒店了。Unluckily, I left my passport in the hotel. 考点辨析 leave, forget （1）leave意为“遗忘；忘带”，为及物动词，后接名词、代词做宾语，再接地点状语。 The boy left his cap on the train.这个男孩把帽子忘在火车上了。 （2）forget意为“忘记”，表示忘记做某事或忘记某物，不强调地点，其后可接名词、不定式、动名词。 I forgot her name.我忘了她的名字。 She forgot to close the window.她忘了关窗。 注意： 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”，常用 leave + 地点，而不是forget+地点。 leave构成的短语： leave for +地点 离开去某地 leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假 leave school (中学) 毕业 leave one by oneself=leave sb alone 把某人单独留下 —Oh, dear！I can’t find my key to the office. —Don’t worry. I think you might ______ it in your car. A. offer B. forget C. borrow D. leave 考点6.compare的用法 用法分析 compare做动词，意为“比较”。 要是把她和他的家庭作业比较一下，你就会发现她的要好得多。If you compare her homework with his, you’ll find hers is much better. 考点辨析 compare...with..., compare...to... （1）compare...with...表示“把…...与…...相比较"，指对比两个或两个以上的物体或概念的相同点/不同点，一般指两个同类事物之间的比较。 If you compare Marx’s works with Hegel’s, you’ll find many differences.如果你把马克思的著作同黑格尔的著作相比较，就会发现许多不同之处。 （2）compare...to…表示“把…...比作…...”，通常用来指出两者的相同点或相似点。 A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle.教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。 —Always ______ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. —I feel the same way. One should believe in himself. A. connect B. complain C. compare D. consider 考点7.must be表推测的用法 用法分析 must be表示一种有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定；必定”。 吉姆一定在家，因为我刚刚给他打电话了。Jim must be at home because I called him just now. 要点辨析 must be，may/might be，can’t+动词原形 must be一定；必定 一种有把握的肯定推测，多用于肯定句。 The book must be Jane’s. Her name is on the cover.这本书一定是简的。封面上有她的名字。 may/might be可能是 表示一种可能性较小的推测，多用于肯定的或否定的陈述句中。 I can’t find my watch. It may be in your pocket.我找不到我的手表了。它可能在你的口袋里。 “can’t+动词原形”一定不可能 一种有把握的否定推测，用于否定句或疑问句中。 It can’t be Mr. Green. He has s gone to Beijing.那一定不是格林先生。他去北京了。 注意 mustn’t的意思是“一定不；千万别；禁止”。 We mustn’t think only of ourselves.我们一定不要只考虑自己。 -Where is Monica？ I can’t find her anywhere. -She be in the library. She ______ loves reading books when she is free. A. must B. need C. can’t 考点8.辨析 attend，take part in，join，join in attend 意为“出席；参加”，为正式用语，通常用于参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。 take part in 指参加某个会议或某项群众性的活动等，重在说明参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的积极作用。 join 指加入某党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等并成为其中的一员。表示短暂性的动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 join in 一般指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动，其后一般接名词或动词-ing形式。 I attended the concert last night.我昨天晚上参加了音乐会。 Will you take part in the sports meeting？你会参加运动会吗？ I joined the party when I was 25.我25岁时入了党。 Can I join in the game？我可以参加这个游戏吗？ 根据汉语意思完成句子 你愿意参加世界读书日的活动吗？Would you like the activities of World Book Day？ 考点9. pick up的用法 pick up意为“拾起来；捡起”。 There is a pen on the ground. Please pick it up.地上有一支钢笔。请把它捡起来。 要点拓展pick up的不同意思 pick up 拾起来；捡起 接电话；拿起（电话） （开车）接/载某人；中途搭载（某人） 整理；收拾 Please help me pick the book up/pick up the book.请帮我把这本书捡起来。 I will pick you up at the station.我将在车站接你。 注意 pick up是“动词+副词”结构，接名词做宾语时，放在副词前后都可以，当接代词it/them等做宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间。 -Shall we go to the airport to ______ your sister？ -I don’t think it’s necessary. She will come here by taxi. A. see off B. pick up C. look after D. come across 考点10. express的用法 用法分析 express为及物动词，意为“表示，表达”，后接名词或wh-从句做宾语。常用搭配为： express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事 express oneself表达自己的想法/感情 她向我们致谢。She expressed her thanks to us. 她把自己的想法表达得很清楚。She expressed herself very well. 词形转换 express v.表示；表达 expression n.表情；表示；表达方式 I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks.我送给他们花以表示感谢。 Kevin sat there, an expression of sadness on his face.凯文坐在那里，神情忧伤。 根据汉语提示完成句子 It is important for us （学会如何表达）our sincere thanks to others. 考点11. receive的用法 用法分析 receive为及物动词，在此句中意为“接待；招待”。receive还可表示“接到；收到”，与get同义，其后可接介词from。 我收到了一位老朋友寄来的信。I received a letter from an old friend. 们对有机会接待这位客人感到非常高兴。They are very glad to have the opportunity to receive the guest.他 要点辨析 receive，accept receive “收到”，强调客观上收到这一事实，不表明是否愿意接受此物。 accept “接受”，主动地或自愿地接受，带有满意、同意、答应等意味，其反义词为refuse。 He received a gift, but he didn’t accept it.他收到了一份礼物，但他没有接受。 I didn’t mean to trouble Curry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I _____ his offer of a lift. A. refused B. received C. allowed D. accepted 考点12. prevent的用法 用法分析 prevent为及物动词，意为“阻止，阻挠”，其后可直接接宾语，表示阻止、禁止做某事。 考试题保密以防作弊。The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating. 要点拓展 prevent sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，相当于stop/keep sb. from doing sth. We were prevented from entering the building.我们被阻止进入楼房。 注意 在prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.结构中，from可以省略；但在用于被动语态时，from不能省略。而keep sb. from doing sth.中的from在任何时候都不能省略。 -Food safety has become a social focus now. -That’s why laws are made to ______ crimes on food. A. record B. prevent C. divide D. separate 考点13.keep...from..的用法 用法分析 keep...from..表示“使……免受……的影响或伤害”。 We had better keep ourselves from danger.我们最好让我们自己远离危险。 要点拓展 （1）keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事。 Be careful！ Keep the glass from dropping onto the floor.当心！防止玻璃杯掉到地板上。 （2）keep/stay away from 远离……； keep sb. away from使某人远离……。 We should keep the children away from the war.我们应该让孩子们远离战争。 （3）keep sb. doing sth.使某人处于某种状态。 Don’t keep him waiting for too long.别让他等得太久。 （4）keep doing不断做某事。 The boy kept playing basketball all the afternoon.整个下午那个男孩一直在打篮球。 选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 We must keep off the forest fire if there is one. It’s dangerous to stay near it. A. catch up with B. put off C. keep up with D. stay away from 考点14.辨析 discover，invent discover 做动词，意为“发现”，指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人所知的东西。 invent 做动词，意为“发明”，指创造、发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西。 How did you discover the beach？你是怎样发现这片海滩的？ The 17-year-old high school student is trying to invent a robot which can think like a human.那个17岁的高中生正在试图发明一种能像人类一样思考的机器人。 New energy cars have been ______ to cut down air pollution. A. discovered B. found C. invented D. refused 考点15.achieve的用法 用法分析 achieve为及物动词，意为“达到，完成，成功”，后常接名词或代词做宾语，其主语通常为人，宾语通常为目标、目的或胜利、成功、地位等。achieve one's dream=make one's dream come true，意为“实现某人的梦想”。 最后，他实现了他的梦想。 At last, he achieved his dream. 考点辨析 achieve, come true, realize achieve 意为“实现”，主要指实现成绩、目标等，其主语是人 Try your best to achieve your dream 尽你最大的努力实现你的梦想。 come true 表示“实现”，为不及物动词短语，多指实现梦想、蓝图、计划等，其主语是要实现的梦想、蓝图、计划等 Your dream seems to come true. 你的梦想似乎成真了。 realize 意为“实现，意识到”，多指意识到某种道理、规律等，其主语也是人 I didn't realize (that) you were so unhappy. 我没有察觉到你那么不开心。 考点拓展 achieve的名词形式为 achievement，意为“成就，功绩”时为可数名词，意为“达到，完成”时为不可数名词。 当我们到达山顶时，我们感受到极大的成就感。 We felt a strong sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain. 固定搭配 achieve achieve success 取得成功 achieve one' aim实现目标 中考链接 根据汉语意思完成句子 坚持努力学习，你将会梦想成真。 Keep studying hard, and your dream will 动词时态 现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy borrow open close begin/start come go finish die catch a cold put on get up wake up fall asleep lose join leave arrive/reach （2）句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; （3）have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 随堂训练 1．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—Jiaozi, the director of the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．has worked B．is working C．worked D．will work 2．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 3．（2025·江西吉安·模拟预测）—Look! Jack ________ 250 soft toys in total so far. —Wow. Now I know how much he loves them. A．will collect B．was collecting C．has collected D．is collecting 4．（2025·西藏·一模）Her grandfather ________ a car in 2005. He ________ the car for 20 years. A．buy; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 5．（2025·云南玉溪·三模）Ted is in his bedroom now. He ______ there about space technology for three hours. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 过去完成时 定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：had+done——动词变过去分词 past past now 时间标志：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。 (1) 过去完成时时间状语有：有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。 如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) 动词词形变化总结 (1)规则动词变化表： 规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词 一般情况 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed 辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed 重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed 不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d 不规则变化 have→has；be→is (无) (见不规则动词变化表) 注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。 ②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz]. desk /k/ desks[s] apples[z] ③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]. ask /k/ asked[t] joined[d] wanted[id]. (2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) be(am,is) was been lose lost lost be(are) were been make made made beat beat beaten may might become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has) had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote written lie lay lain 　 　 　 随堂训练 1．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—What were you doing when I called you last night? —I ________ my homework and was going to bed. A．did B．was doing C．had done D．have done 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates ________. A．arrive B．have arrived C．had arrived D．were arriving 3．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）—Did you see Mr. Wang yesterday morning? —No. By the time I got to school, he ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．leave 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）When I got to the station, the train ________. A．has left B．had left C．left D．leave 5．（2025·云南·模拟预测）He couldn’t find his keys because he ________ them in the office. A．leaves B．left C．had left D．has left 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The young director, who (direct) at least 10 films so far, is well-known in the film industry. 2．（2025·西藏·一模）We (not see) each other since we met at that party. 3．（2012·江苏无锡·一模）The life we were used to (change) greatly in the last five years. 4．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）She hasn’t (eat) anything since morning. 5．（2025·全国·二模）So far, he (make) quite a few friends here. 6．（2025·江苏南京·三模）The life we were used to (change) a lot in the past few years. 7．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Don’t make any noise. The baby is sleeping. —There is no need. He (wake) up. 8．（2025·甘肃陇南·三模）We (finish) our project already, so we can start the presentation. 9．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）Middle schools have (provide) students with classes to learn basic life skills. 10．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）I (watch) Huai Opera three times since I came to Huai’an. 11．（25-26九年级上·山东菏泽·月考）Little Hans was sad because someone (steal) his dog. 12．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）The firemen (put) out the fire, so all of you were out of danger. 13．（2025·西藏·模拟预测）He (learn) two thousand English words by the end of last month. 14．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）— Well done! You won yesterday’s English speech competition. — Thank you. I (prepare) a lot for it. 15．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·二模）When seeing the girl yesterday, I just forgot when I (meet) her before. 16．（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）When he got to the station, the train (leave) already. So he had to went back. 17．（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）When I arrived at the airport, my flight (take) off. 18．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）When I tried to call them, nobody answered. They (go) out. 19．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Claire had no idea I was coming to see her. Her mom (forget) to tell her. 10．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）He (change) so much that I almost didn’t know who he was when I saw him last night. 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I'm a _____________(happy) girl. I often play with my friends _____________(happy). The more we get together, the _____________(happy) we'll be. I think I'm _____________(happy) person in the world. And I think _____________(happy) is the most important in our life. 2.In my school our teachers ask us to keep _____________(safe) in PE class. They worry about our _____________(safe). 3.Mr White is a _____________(drive) who likes _____________(sing). And he enjoys the_____________(sing) who can write their own songs. 4.It's a_____________(sun) day today. We decide to lie in the _____________(sun) on the beach. I think nothing is more _____________(enjoy) than that. 5.Li Hong likes _____________(run) very much and he is an excellent _____________(run). 6.I hope to get a business degree and become a _____________(manage). And I' m sure I can_____________(manage) a company well. 7.What a _____________(special) cake! It's _____________(special) made for my birthday by my mother. 三．语法填空 （2025·山东济南·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ancient China developed over 200 special sports. Many of 1 (they) have a long history, and 2 (believe) to share similarities with modern sports. One sport that dates back (追溯) to the Warring States period 3 (be) Cuju. It was originally developed for ancient military training. By the Han Dynasty, it had become widely welcomed and highly skilled. Even emperors that time were Cuju 4 (fan), who not only liked watching Cuju games, but also tried their footwork on the playground. In Cuju games, two teams of six players competed 5 (score) goals by kicking a ball into the net—does that sound familiar (熟悉的)? 6 2004, FIFA recognized Cuju as the earliest form of soccer, which made Chinese people 7 (pride). During the Song Dynasty, the competitive goal-scoring style turned into a performance that focused on skills. And at that time, even women and children 8 (enjoy) playing Cuju, which we can see from some paintings, reflecting the 9 (popular) of Cuju as a form of amusement in China’s history. Like sports around 10 world, traditional Chinese sports such as martial arts, dragon boat racing and Cuju, developed from practical needs in daily life, production or military training, while also shaping different cultural qualities. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题03 动词考点、动词时态归纳3（现在完成时、过去完成时） 动词考点 考点1.辨析invent, discover, find, find out （1）invent意为“发明”，表示发明过去不存在的东西。 爱迪生发明了电灯泡。Edison invented the light bulb. （2）discover意为“发现”，多指发现本来就存在但目前不为人知的事物。 哥伦布发现了美洲。Columbus discovered America. （3）find意为“发现；找到”，侧重指找到过去走失的人或丢失的物，也指偶然、无意识地发现，强调动作的结果。 我在地板上发现了这支铅笔。I found the pencil on the floor. （4）find out意为“查明；弄清楚”，指经过一番努力或克服一些困难才找到或发现东西或事实真相 我们必须弄清楚这件事情的真相 We must find out the truth of the matter。 —Who A the computer？ —Sorry, I've no idea. But it has changed the world greatly. A. invented B. discovered C. made D. played 考点2.辨析 bring, take, fetch/get, carry bring 指从别处把某人或某物带到说话人所在的地点，动作由远及近。 take 指从说话者所在地把某人或某物带走，动作由近及远。 fetch/get 指从说话者所在地到某处，然后从某处把某物带回到说话者所在地，动作是先去后回。 carry 不特别表示带到什么地方，而携带或搬运的方式可以是提、扛、背、抱、抬等。 Don’t forget to bring me that book next time you come.下次你来的时候，别忘了把那本书给我带来。 When he leaves, he will take the book with him.他走的时候会把书带走的。 You have to fetch/get the book.你得去把那本书取回来。 The box is too heavy for me to carry.那箱子太重了，我搬不动。 —I’m sorry, Mr. Hu. I ___D___ my English exercise book at home. —It doesn’t matter. Please remember ______ it here this afternoon. A. forgot; to bring B. left; to take C. forgot; to take D. left; to bring 考点3.辨析 lie, lay 单词 词性 含义 过去式 过去分词 现在分词 lie 动词 躺，位于 lay lain lying 说谎 lied lied lying 名词 谎言 / / / lay 动词 下蛋，产卵，放置 laid laid laying The town lies on the coast.这个镇位于海滨。 Don’t lie to me！别对我撒谎！ 考点拓展 lie的短语 tell a lie说谎 lie about sth. to sb.就某事对某人撒谎 用所给词的适当形式填空 The famous bookshop ___lay___（lie）on Charing Cross Road in London in the 1940s. 考点4. borrow, lend, keep, use的用法 考点辨析（1）borrow对于主语来说是“借入”，表示“借他人的东西自已使用”时，与介词from搭配，常用于borow sb. Sth.或borrow sth. from sb. /sp.结构中。 Did you borrow money from her？你向她借过钱吗？ （2）lend对于主语来说是“借出”，表示“将自己的东西借给别人使用”时，与介词to搭配，常用于lend sb. sth./lend sth. to sb.结构中。 Could you lend your English book to me？你能把你的英语书借给我吗？ （3）keep做“借”讲时，是延续性动词，通常表示“借了某物多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，而borrow和lend是非延续性动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。 You can keep the book for three weeks.这本书你可以借三周。 （4）use含有“借......用”的意思，相当于borrow。 May I use your bike？我可以借你的自行车用一下吗？ —Could you ___A___ me your bike, Tom？ —OK. And you can ______ it for a week. A. lend; keep B. borrow; lend C. lend; borrow D. borrow; keep 考点5.leave的用法 用法分析 leave为动词，意为“遗忘，留下”。常用结构：leave sth. somewhere把某物忘/留在某地；leave sb. by oneself把某人单独留下。 我经常把钥匙忘在车里。I often leave my key in the car. 不幸的是，我把护照忘在酒店了。Unluckily, I left my passport in the hotel. 考点辨析 leave, forget （1）leave意为“遗忘；忘带”，为及物动词，后接名词、代词做宾语，再接地点状语。 The boy left his cap on the train.这个男孩把帽子忘在火车上了。 （2）forget意为“忘记”，表示忘记做某事或忘记某物，不强调地点，其后可接名词、不定式、动名词。 I forgot her name.我忘了她的名字。 She forgot to close the window.她忘了关窗。 注意： 英语中表示“把某物遗忘在某处”，常用 leave + 地点，而不是forget+地点。 leave构成的短语： leave for +地点 离开去某地 leave a message 留言 ask for leave 请假 leave school (中学) 毕业 leave one by oneself=leave sb alone 把某人单独留下 —Oh, dear！I can’t find my key to the office. —Don’t worry. I think you might ___D___ it in your car. A. offer B. forget C. borrow D. leave 考点6.compare的用法 用法分析 compare做动词，意为“比较”。 要是把她和他的家庭作业比较一下，你就会发现她的要好得多。If you compare her homework with his, you’ll find hers is much better. 考点辨析 compare...with..., compare...to... （1）compare...with...表示“把…...与…...相比较"，指对比两个或两个以上的物体或概念的相同点/不同点，一般指两个同类事物之间的比较。 If you compare Marx’s works with Hegel’s, you’ll find many differences.如果你把马克思的著作同黑格尔的著作相比较，就会发现许多不同之处。 （2）compare...to…表示“把…...比作…...”，通常用来指出两者的相同点或相似点。 A teacher’s work is often compared to a candle.教师的工作常被比作蜡烛。 —Always ___C___ yourself with others, you may have tons of pressure. —I feel the same way. One should believe in himself. A. connect B. complain C. compare D. consider 考点7.must be表推测的用法 用法分析 must be表示一种有把握的肯定推测，意为“一定；必定”。 吉姆一定在家，因为我刚刚给他打电话了。Jim must be at home because I called him just now. 要点辨析 must be，may/might be，can’t+动词原形 must be一定；必定 一种有把握的肯定推测，多用于肯定句。 The book must be Jane’s. Her name is on the cover.这本书一定是简的。封面上有她的名字。 may/might be可能是 表示一种可能性较小的推测，多用于肯定的或否定的陈述句中。 I can’t find my watch. It may be in your pocket.我找不到我的手表了。它可能在你的口袋里。 “can’t+动词原形”一定不可能 一种有把握的否定推测，用于否定句或疑问句中。 It can’t be Mr. Green. He has s gone to Beijing.那一定不是格林先生。他去北京了。 注意 mustn’t的意思是“一定不；千万别；禁止”。 We mustn’t think only of ourselves.我们一定不要只考虑自己。 -Where is Monica？ I can’t find her anywhere. -She be in the library. She ___A___ loves reading books when she is free. A. must B. need C. can’t 考点8.辨析 attend，take part in，join，join in attend 意为“出席；参加”，为正式用语，通常用于参加会议、典礼、婚礼、葬礼等。 take part in 指参加某个会议或某项群众性的活动等，重在说明参加该项活动并在其中发挥一定的积极作用。 join 指加入某党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等并成为其中的一员。表示短暂性的动作，不与表示一段时间的状语连用。 join in 一般指参加竞赛、娱乐、游戏等活动，其后一般接名词或动词-ing形式。 I attended the concert last night.我昨天晚上参加了音乐会。 Will you take part in the sports meeting？你会参加运动会吗？ I joined the party when I was 25.我25岁时入了党。 Can I join in the game？我可以参加这个游戏吗？ 根据汉语意思完成句子 你愿意参加世界读书日的活动吗？Would you like to take part in/to attend the activities of World Book Day？ 考点9. pick up的用法 pick up意为“拾起来；捡起”。 There is a pen on the ground. Please pick it up.地上有一支钢笔。请把它捡起来。 要点拓展pick up的不同意思 pick up 拾起来；捡起 接电话；拿起（电话） （开车）接/载某人；中途搭载（某人） 整理；收拾 Please help me pick the book up/pick up the book.请帮我把这本书捡起来。 I will pick you up at the station.我将在车站接你。 注意 pick up是“动词+副词”结构，接名词做宾语时，放在副词前后都可以，当接代词it/them等做宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间。 -Shall we go to the airport to ___B___ your sister？ -I don’t think it’s necessary. She will come here by taxi. A. see off B. pick up C. look after D. come across 考点10. express的用法 用法分析 express为及物动词，意为“表示，表达”，后接名词或wh-从句做宾语。常用搭配为： express sth. to sb.向某人表达某事 express oneself表达自己的想法/感情 她向我们致谢。She expressed her thanks to us. 她把自己的想法表达得很清楚。She expressed herself very well. 词形转换 express v.表示；表达 expression n.表情；表示；表达方式 I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks.我送给他们花以表示感谢。 Kevin sat there, an expression of sadness on his face.凯文坐在那里，神情忧伤。 根据汉语提示完成句子 It is important for us /to learn（how）to express（学会如何表达）our sincere thanks to others. 考点11. receive的用法 用法分析 receive为及物动词，在此句中意为“接待；招待”。receive还可表示“接到；收到”，与get同义，其后可接介词from。 我收到了一位老朋友寄来的信。I received a letter from an old friend. 们对有机会接待这位客人感到非常高兴。They are very glad to have the opportunity to receive the guest.他 要点辨析 receive，accept receive “收到”，强调客观上收到这一事实，不表明是否愿意接受此物。 accept “接受”，主动地或自愿地接受，带有满意、同意、答应等意味，其反义词为refuse。 He received a gift, but he didn’t accept it.他收到了一份礼物，但他没有接受。 I didn’t mean to trouble Curry yesterday. It was pouring with rain so I ___D__ his offer of a lift. A. refused B. received C. allowed D. accepted 考点12. prevent的用法 用法分析 prevent为及物动词，意为“阻止，阻挠”，其后可直接接宾语，表示阻止、禁止做某事。 考试题保密以防作弊。The test questions are kept secret so as to prevent cheating. 要点拓展 prevent sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”，相当于stop/keep sb. from doing sth. We were prevented from entering the building.我们被阻止进入楼房。 注意 在prevent/stop sb. from doing sth.结构中，from可以省略；但在用于被动语态时，from不能省略。而keep sb. from doing sth.中的from在任何时候都不能省略。 -Food safety has become a social focus now. -That’s why laws are made to ___B___ crimes on food. A. record B. prevent C. divide D. separate 考点13.keep...from..的用法 用法分析 keep...from..表示“使……免受……的影响或伤害”。 We had better keep ourselves from danger.我们最好让我们自己远离危险。 要点拓展 （1）keep sb./sth. from doing sth.阻止某人/某物做某事。 Be careful！ Keep the glass from dropping onto the floor.当心！防止玻璃杯掉到地板上。 （2）keep/stay away from 远离……； keep sb. away from使某人远离……。 We should keep the children away from the war.我们应该让孩子们远离战争。 （3）keep sb. doing sth.使某人处于某种状态。 Don’t keep him waiting for too long.别让他等得太久。 （4）keep doing不断做某事。 The boy kept playing basketball all the afternoon.整个下午那个男孩一直在打篮球。 选出与画线部分意思相同或相近的选项 We must keep off the forest fire if there is one. It’s dangerous to stay near it. D A. catch up with B. put off C. keep up with D. stay away from 考点14.辨析 discover，invent discover 做动词，意为“发现”，指发现或偶然发现原本存在的，但一直未被认识或不为人所知的东西。 invent 做动词，意为“发明”，指创造、发明出新的、原来并不存在的东西。 How did you discover the beach？你是怎样发现这片海滩的？ The 17-year-old high school student is trying to invent a robot which can think like a human.那个17岁的高中生正在试图发明一种能像人类一样思考的机器人。 New energy cars have been ___C___ to cut down air pollution. A. discovered B. found C. invented D. refused 考点15.achieve的用法 用法分析 achieve为及物动词，意为“达到，完成，成功”，后常接名词或代词做宾语，其主语通常为人，宾语通常为目标、目的或胜利、成功、地位等。achieve one's dream=make one's dream come true，意为“实现某人的梦想”。 最后，他实现了他的梦想。 At last, he achieved his dream. 考点辨析 achieve, come true, realize achieve 意为“实现”，主要指实现成绩、目标等，其主语是人 Try your best to achieve your dream 尽你最大的努力实现你的梦想。 come true 表示“实现”，为不及物动词短语，多指实现梦想、蓝图、计划等，其主语是要实现的梦想、蓝图、计划等 Your dream seems to come true. 你的梦想似乎成真了。 realize 意为“实现，意识到”，多指意识到某种道理、规律等，其主语也是人 I didn't realize (that) you were so unhappy. 我没有察觉到你那么不开心。 考点拓展 achieve的名词形式为 achievement，意为“成就，功绩”时为可数名词，意为“达到，完成”时为不可数名词。 当我们到达山顶时，我们感受到极大的成就感。 We felt a strong sense of achievement when we reached the top of the mountain. 固定搭配 achieve achieve success 取得成功 achieve one' aim实现目标 中考链接 根据汉语意思完成句子 坚持努力学习，你将会梦想成真。 Keep studying hard, and your dream will come true/become true/be realized/ be achieved. 动词时态 现在完成时 定义：现在完成时表示一个发生在过去的、对现在仍有影响的动作,或表示开始在过去,并且一直延续到现在,甚至还可能延续下去的动作。 构成：have (has)+done——动词变过去分词 基本句型: past now future 句型： have done has done 陈述句 I have seen that film before. She has seen that film before. 否定句 I haven’t seen that film before She hasn’t seen that film before. 疑问句 Have you (ever) seen that film before? Yes, I have./No,I haven’t. Has she (ever) seen that film before? Yes, she has./No,she hasn’t. 时间标志：already, yet, just, once, twice,ever, never,three times, before等。 如：I have never seen such fine pictures before. (我以前从来没有看过这么好的画) He has just gone to England.(他刚去英国) (1)for和since的用法及区别。for与一段时间连用，since与时间点连用。注意：since 后接过去时的时间状语或过去时的句子。 2010 2020 如：I have lived here for 10 years.(我已经住在这10年了) I have lived here since 2010. (since 10 years ago) (从2010年开始，我就已经住在这了) 在完成时中,一个瞬间性动词(一次性动作)不能与表示一段时间的状语连用,此时须将该瞬间动词改为延续性动词或状态动词。具体变化见下表： 非延续性动词 延续性动词 buy have borrow keep open be open close Be closed begin/start be on come be here go be there finish be over die be dead catch a cold have a cold put on wear get up be up wake up awake fall asleep be asleep lose not have join be in leave be away arrive/reach be （2）句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; （3）have been to与have gone to的区别： have gone to(“已经去了”)表示人不在这里, have been to(“去过”)表示人在这里。 随堂训练 1．（2025·安徽黄山·模拟预测）—Jiaozi, the director of the movie Ne Zha 2 ________ on cartoon movies since he graduated from university. —I admire him a lot. His success tells us that hard work will pay off in the end. A．has worked B．is working C．worked D．will work 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——电影《哪吒2》的导演饺子自大学毕业以来就一直在制作卡通电影。——我非常钦佩他。他的成功告诉我们，努力最终会有回报。 考查动词时态辨析。根据“since he graduated from university”可知，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+过去分词”，主语“the director of the movie Ne Zha 2”是第三人称单数，所以用has，故选A。 2．（2025·江苏南京·模拟预测）—It has been ten years since we met each other for the first time. —How time flies! I can’t believe that we ________ friends for ten years. A．made B．have made C．have been D．are making 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——自从我们第一次见面已经十年了。——时间过得真快！我不敢相信我们已经做了十年朋友了。 考查现在完成时表示持续状态的用法。made成为，过去式；have made已经成为，现在完成时，短暂性动词；have been已经成为/一直是，现在完成时，延续性动词；are making正在成为，现在进行时。根据“for ten years”可知，表示持续的时间段，需与表示延续状态的现在完成时连用。故选C。 3．（2025·江西吉安·模拟预测）—Look! Jack ________ 250 soft toys in total so far. —Wow. Now I know how much he loves them. A．will collect B．was collecting C．has collected D．is collecting 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——看！到目前为止Jack已经收集了总共250个毛绒玩具。——哇。现在我知道他有多喜欢它们了。 考查时态。根据时间状语“so far”可知，表示过去发生且持续到现在的动作，“总共收集了 250 个毛绒玩具”，对应后文“知道他多喜欢”的语境，用现在完成时“has collected”。故选C。 4．（2025·西藏·一模）Her grandfather ________ a car in 2005. He ________ the car for 20 years. A．buy; has bought B．bought; has had C．buys; has had D．bought; has bought 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她的祖父在2005年买了一辆车。他拥有这辆车已经20年了。 考查一般过去时和现在完成时以及延续性动词。buy买，动词原形；bought买，动词过去式；buys买，动词三单形式；has bought已经买了，瞬间性动词；has had已经拥有，延续性动词。第一个空，根据“in 2005”可知，此句为一般过去时，空处填动词过去式作谓语，排除选项A和C；第二个空，根据“for 20 years”可知，此处强调持续拥有，需用现在完成时，且要用延续性动词。故选B。 5．（2025·云南玉溪·三模）Ted is in his bedroom now. He ______ there about space technology for three hours. A．studies B．studied C．has studied D．was studying 【答案】C 【详解】句意：泰德现在在他的卧室里。他已经在那里研究太空技术三个小时了。 考查现在完成时。根据“for three hours”可知，时态使用现在完成时，强调动作从过去持续到现在并可能继续下去，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”。故选C。 过去完成时 定义：过去完成时表示过去某一时间或某一动作发生之前已经完成的动作。简言之, 过去完成时所表示的时间是“过去的过去”。 构成：had+done——动词变过去分词 past past now 时间标志：by (yesterday), by then, by the end of (last…)或者由when,before等引出状语从句。 (1) 过去完成时时间状语有：有时句子中会有already, just, once, ever, never等词语,也会有for… 或since…构成的时间状语。 如：They had already finished cleaning the classroom when their teacher came. The woman had left before he realized she was a cheat.(在他发觉那个妇女是个骗子时她已经走掉了) 动词词形变化总结 (1)规则动词变化表： 规 则变 化 原形动词结尾情况 现在时单三人称 现 在 分 词 过去式和过去分词 一般情况 +s +ing +ed s,x,ch,sh,o结尾 +es +ing +ed 辅音字母+y结尾 y→i,+es +ing y→i,+ed 重读闭音节一元一辅结尾 +s 双写辅音字母,+ing 双写辅音字母,+ed 不发音的e结尾 +s 去掉e,+ing +d ie结尾 +s ie→y,+ing +d 不规则变化 have→has；be→is (无) (见不规则动词变化表) 注意：①在加ing或ed时动词如果以“r”结尾,尾音节又重读的动词,“r”应双写。 ②s/es的读音规则：在清辅音后读[s]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[z]；在[ s ]、[ F]、[z]、[tF]、[dV]后读[iz]. desk /k/ desks[s] apples[z] ③ed的读音规则：在清辅音后读[t]；在浊辅音后和元音后读[d]；在[t]、[d]后读[id]. ask /k/ asked[t] joined[d] wanted[id]. (2)不规则动词变化表：( 原形 → 过去式 → 过去分词) be(am,is) was been lose lost lost be(are) were been make made made beat beat beaten may might become became become mean meant meant begin began begun meet met met blow blew blown mistake mistook mistaken break broke broken must must bring brought brought pay paid paid build built built put put put buy bought bought read read Read can could ride rode ridden catch caught caught ring rang rung choose chose chosen rise rose risen come came come run ran run cost cost cost say said said cut cut cut see saw seen dig dug dug sell sold sold do did done send sent sent draw drew drawn set set set drink drank drunk shall should drive drove driven shine shone shone eat ate eaten show showed shown fall fell fallen shut shut shut feel felt felt sing sang sung find found found sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken fly flew flown sit set set forget forgot forgot/forgotten sleep slept slept freeze froze frozen smell smelt smelt get got got speak spoke spoken give gave given spend spent spent go went gone spill spilt spilt grow grew grown spoil spoilt spoilt hang hung/hanged hung/hanged stand stood stood have(has) had had sweep swept swept hear heard heard swim swam swum hide hid hidden take took taken hit hit hit teach taught taught hold held held tell told told hurt hurt hurt think thought thought keep kept kept throw threw thrown know knew known understand understood understood lay laid laid wake woke/waked woken/waked learn learnt/learned learnt/learned wear wore worn leave left left will would lend lent lent win won won let let let write wrote written lie lay lain 　 　 　 随堂训练 1．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·三模）—What were you doing when I called you last night? —I ________ my homework and was going to bed. A．did B．was doing C．had done D．have done 【答案】C 【详解】句意   ——昨晚我给你打电话时你在做什么？   ——我已经做完作业，正要睡觉。 考查动词时态辨析。did做，一般过去时；was doing过去进行时；had done过去完成时；have done现在完成时。根据语境，“我” 在昨晚你打电话的时候已经做完作业准备睡觉了，“做作业” 这个动作发生在 “打电话” 之前，过去的过去用过去完成时，结构是 had + 过去分词，故选C。 2．（2025·甘肃张掖·二模）When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates ________. A．arrive B．have arrived C．had arrived D．were arriving 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当我到达教室时，我意识到所有的同学都到了。 考查过去完成时。根据“When I got to the classroom, I realized that all my classmates”可知，此句描述过去发生的事情对过去造成的影响，应用过去完成时，其结构为“had done”。故选C。 3．（2025·甘肃张掖·一模）—Did you see Mr. Wang yesterday morning? —No. By the time I got to school, he ________. A．left B．has left C．had left D．leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——昨天早上你看到王老师了吗？——没有。等我到学校的时候，他已经走了。 考查时态。根据“No. By the time I got to school”可知没有见到王老师，等到学校的时候，他已经走了，动作发生在过去某个动作之前，用过去完成时had done。故选C。 4．（2025·甘肃张掖·模拟预测）When I got to the station, the train ________. A．has left B．had left C．left D．leave 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我到火车站的时候，火车已经开了。 考查过去完成时。根据句意可知，火车在我到达火车站之前就开了，而got to是过去时，leave“离开”这一动作在got to之前已经发生，所以要用过去完成时，过去完成时的结构是had+过去分词，leave的过去分词是left。故选B。 5．（2025·云南·模拟预测）He couldn’t find his keys because he ________ them in the office. A．leaves B．left C．had left D．has left 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他找不到他的钥匙，因为他把它们落在办公室了。 考查句子时态。leaves动词三单；left动词过去式；had left过去完成时；has left现在完成时。句中“couldn’t find”表示过去的一个状态，而“leave them in the office”是更早之前发生的动作，且这个动作导致了现在找不到钥匙的结果。表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，应用过去完成时，结构是“had + done”。故选C。 综合训练 一．单句语法填空 1．（2025·江苏泰州·二模）The young director, who (direct) at least 10 films so far, is well-known in the film industry. 【答案】has directed 【详解】句意：这位年轻的导演到目前为止已经导演了至少10部电影，在电影界很有名气。direct“导演”，根据“so far”可知，此处用现在完成时，形式为“have/has+过去分词”；定语从句的先行词the young director是第三人称单数，所以助动词为has，direct的过去分词为directed，故填has directed。 2．（2025·西藏·一模）We (not see) each other since we met at that party. 【答案】haven’t seen 【详解】句意：自从我们在那次聚会上见面后就再没有见过彼此。根据“since…”可知主句应用现在完成时“主语+have/has+动词的过去分词”，主语是“We”，助动词应用“have”，动词变为过去分词“seen”，所给词中有“not”，此句应变为否定句，在“have”后加“not”，缩写为“haven’t”。故填haven’t seen。 3．（2012·江苏无锡·一模）The life we were used to (change) greatly in the last five years. 【答案】has changed 【详解】句意：我们过去习惯的生活在过去五年里发生了很大的变化。根据“in the last five years”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是The life，助动词用has。故填has changed。 4．（2025·黑龙江牡丹江·二模）She hasn’t (eat) anything since morning. 【答案】eaten 【详解】句意：她从早上起就什么都没吃。根据“hasn’t”可知，句子时态为现在完成时，其结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。eat“吃”，动词，其过去分词形式为eaten。故填eaten。 5．（2025·全国·二模）So far, he (make) quite a few friends here. 【答案】has made 【详解】句意：到目前为止，他已经在这里交了相当多的朋友。根据“So far, he...quite a few friends here.”可知，“So far”是现在完成时的标志性时间状语，结构为“have/has+过去分词”。主语“he”是第三人称单数，助动词用“has”；“make”的过去分词为“made”。故填has made。 6．（2025·江苏南京·三模）The life we were used to (change) a lot in the past few years. 【答案】has changed 【详解】句意：我们过去习惯的生活方式在过去的几年里发生了很大的变化。分析句子可知，the life作主语，we were used to是定语从句，修饰主语，故此处缺少谓语动词；根据“in the past few years.”可知句子用现在完成时，主语是The life，助动词用has。故填has changed。 7．（2025·江苏无锡·模拟预测）—Don’t make any noise. The baby is sleeping. —There is no need. He (wake) up. 【答案】has woken 【详解】句意：——别出声，宝宝正在睡觉呢。——没必要，他已经醒了。根据“There is no need. He...up.”可知，因为已经醒了，所以没必要避声了，用现在完成时，结构为have/has done，主语是He，助动词用has，故填has woken。 8．（2025·甘肃陇南·三模）We (finish) our project already, so we can start the presentation. 【答案】have finished 【详解】句意：我们已经完成了我们的项目，所以我们可以开始演示了。根据“already”和“we can start the presentation”可知动作已完成并对现在有影响，应用现在完成时，主语“We”为复数，谓语结构用have done。故填have finished。 9．（2025·甘肃酒泉·三模）Middle schools have (provide) students with classes to learn basic life skills. 【答案】provided 【详解】句意：中学已经为学生提供了学习基本生活技能的课程。根据“Middle schools have ______ (provide) students with classes”可知，此处考查现在完成时的用法，结构为：have/has + 过去分词。动词 provide的过去分词形式是provided，故填provided。 10．（2025·江苏淮安·二模）I (watch) Huai Opera three times since I came to Huai’an. 【答案】have watched 【详解】句意：自从来了淮安，我已经看了三次淮剧了。根据“since I came to Huai’an”，可知主句用现在完成时，主语为I，应为have+过去分词，watch的过去分词为watched。故填have watched。 11．（25-26九年级上·山东菏泽·月考）Little Hans was sad because someone (steal) his dog. 【答案】had stolen 【详解】句意：小汉斯很伤心，因为有人偷了他的狗。此句为原因状语从句，主句为一般过去时。偷狗这件事发生在小汉斯很伤心之前，从句用过去完成时，表示过去的过去，结构为had done。steal“偷”，动词，过去分词为stolen。故填had stolen。 12．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）The firemen (put) out the fire, so all of you were out of danger. 【答案】had put 【详解】句意：消防员已经扑灭了大火，所以你们所有人都脱离了危险。根据下文“so all of you were out of danger”可知，“你们脱离危险”是过去发生的事；而“消防员扑灭大火”是导致“脱离危险”的原因，其动作应发生在“脱离危险”之前，即过去的过去，所以句子时态应用过去完成时，其结构为had done，动词put的过去分词为put。故填had put。 13．（2025·西藏·模拟预测）He (learn) two thousand English words by the end of last month. 【答案】had learned/had learnt 【详解】句意：到上月底为止，他已经学了两千个英语单词。根据“by the end of last month.”可知，此句用过去完成时had done，learn的过去分词为learned/learnt。故填had learned/had learnt。 14．（2025·江苏无锡·三模）— Well done! You won yesterday’s English speech competition. — Thank you. I (prepare) a lot for it. 【答案】had prepared 【详解】句意：——做得好！你赢得了昨天的英语演讲比赛。——谢谢你！我为此做了很多准备。根据“You won yesterday’s English speech competition.”可知，昨天赢得了英语演讲比赛，而准备比赛的动作发生在比赛之前，即过去的过去，应用过去完成时。故填had prepared。 15．（2025·黑龙江佳木斯·二模）When seeing the girl yesterday, I just forgot when I (meet) her before. 【答案】had met 【详解】句意：昨天见到那个女孩时，我只是忘记了以前什么时候见过她。根据“When seeing the girl yesterday, I just forgot when I…her before.”可知，主句时态为一般过去时，提示词“meet”动作发生在“forgot”之前，从句时态应为过去完成时，其结构为：had done。meet“遇见”，其过去分词为“met”。故填had met。 16．（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）When he got to the station, the train (leave) already. So he had to went back. 【答案】had left 【详解】句意：当他到达车站的时候，火车已经离开了。因此他不得不回去。考查谓语动词的时态，此处already意为“已经”，是完成时的标志词，到达车站的时间是过去，在过去之前火车已经离开，所以是过去的过去，应用过去完成时had left。故填had left。 17．（2025·甘肃兰州·模拟预测）When I arrived at the airport, my flight (take) off. 【答案】had taken 【详解】句意：当我到达机场时，我的航班已经起飞了。根据“when I arrived at the airport”可知，主句描述的是在过去的某个时间点之前已经发生的动作，因此需要使用过去完成时“had+过去分词”结构。动词“take”的过去分词是“taken”。故填had taken off。 18．（2024·甘肃武威·三模）When I tried to call them, nobody answered. They (go) out. 【答案】had gone 【详解】句意：当我试着给他们打电话时，没有人接。他们出去了。根据“When I tried to call them, nobody answered.”可知，在我打电话之前，他们就出去了，出去的动作发生在过去的过去，所以此句应用过去完成时，其谓语结构是：had+动词的过去分词。故填had gone。 19．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）Claire had no idea I was coming to see her. Her mom (forget) to tell her. 【答案】had forgotten 【详解】句意：克莱尔根本不知道我会来看她。她妈妈忘了告诉她。分析句子可知，“忘记告诉她”发生在“不知道我会来看她”之前，故此处用过去完成时had done。故填had forgotten。 10．（2024·甘肃武威·一模）He (change) so much that I almost didn’t know who he was when I saw him last night. 【答案】had changed 【详解】句意：他变化如此之大，以至于我昨晚见到他时几乎认不出他是谁。根据“when I saw him last night”可知，看到他发生在过去，变化很大是在过去的过去，应用过去完成时，结构为had done。故填had changed。 二．用所给词的正确形式填空 1.I'm a _____________(happy) girl. I often play with my friends _____________(happy). The more we get together, the _____________(happy) we'll be. I think I'm _____________(happy) person in the world. And I think _____________(happy) is the most important in our life. 2.In my school our teachers ask us to keep _____________(safe) in PE class. They worry about our _____________(safe). 3.Mr White is a _____________(drive) who likes _____________(sing). And he enjoys the_____________(sing) who can write their own songs. 4.It's a_____________(sun) day today. We decide to lie in the _____________(sun) on the beach. I think nothing is more _____________(enjoy) than that. 5.Li Hong likes _____________(run) very much and he is an excellent _____________(run). 6.I hope to get a business degree and become a _____________(manage). And I' m sure I can_____________(manage) a company well. 7.What a _____________(special) cake! It's _____________(special) made for my birthday by my mother. 【答案】1.happy, happily, happier, the happiest, happiness2.safe, safety3. driver, singing, singers 4.sunny, sun, enjoyable5.running, runner6.manager, manage7.special, specially 三．语法填空 （2025·山东济南·中考真题）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Ancient China developed over 200 special sports. Many of 1 (they) have a long history, and 2 (believe) to share similarities with modern sports. One sport that dates back (追溯) to the Warring States period 3 (be) Cuju. It was originally developed for ancient military training. By the Han Dynasty, it had become widely welcomed and highly skilled. Even emperors that time were Cuju 4 (fan), who not only liked watching Cuju games, but also tried their footwork on the playground. In Cuju games, two teams of six players competed 5 (score) goals by kicking a ball into the net—does that sound familiar (熟悉的)? 6 2004, FIFA recognized Cuju as the earliest form of soccer, which made Chinese people 7 (pride). During the Song Dynasty, the competitive goal-scoring style turned into a performance that focused on skills. And at that time, even women and children 8 (enjoy) playing Cuju, which we can see from some paintings, reflecting the 9 (popular) of Cuju as a form of amusement in China’s history. Like sports around 10 world, traditional Chinese sports such as martial arts, dragon boat racing and Cuju, developed from practical needs in daily life, production or military training, while also shaping different cultural qualities. 【答案】 1．them 2．are believed 3．is 4．fans 5．to score 6．In 7．proud 8．enjoyed 9．popularity 10．the 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国古代的蹴鞠运动，它是一项传统的体育运动。 1．句意：其中许多运动都有着悠久的历史，并且人们认为它们与现代体育运动有着相似之处。of是介词，其后用宾格them作宾语，故填them。 2．句意：其中许多运动都有着悠久的历史，并且人们认为它们与现代体育运动有着相似之处。本句主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，故填are believed。 3．句意：有一种运动可以追溯到战国时期，那就是蹴鞠。本句时态是一般现在时，主语是“One sport”，故填is。 4．句意：当时就连皇帝们也是蹴鞠的爱好者，他们不仅喜欢观看蹴鞠比赛，还亲自在球场上练习踢球动作。本句主语“Even emperors”是复数，此处用名词复数形式，故填fans。 5．句意：在蹴鞠比赛中，两队各六名队员相互竞争，通过踢球入网来得分——这听起来是不是很熟悉？此处在句中表示目的，用动词不定式形式，故填to score。 6．句意：在2004年，国际足联将蹴鞠认定为最早的足球形式，这让中国人感到无比自豪。in 2004“在2004年”，句首需大写首字母。故填In。 7．句意：在2004年，国际足联将蹴鞠认定为最早的足球形式，这让中国人感到无比自豪。make sb+adj“使某人……”，用形容词proud作宾语补足语，故填proud。 8．句意：在那个时期，就连妇女和儿童也喜欢玩蹴鞠，这一点从一些绘画作品中可以看出来，这也反映了蹴鞠在历史上作为一种娱乐方式所具有的广泛受欢迎程度。根据“at that time”可知，是一般过去时，动词用过去式。故填enjoyed。 9．句意：在那个时期，就连妇女和儿童也喜欢玩蹴鞠，这一点从一些绘画作品中可以看出来，这也反映了蹴鞠在历史上作为一种娱乐方式所具有的广泛受欢迎程度。此处在动词后作宾语，用名词popularity。故填popularity。 10．句意：就像世界各地的体育运动一样，中国的传统体育项目，如武术、龙舟竞赛和蹴鞠，也是源于日常生活、生产或军事训练中的实际需求，并且塑造了不同的文化特质。around the world“全世界”，固定短语。故填the。 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $