Unit 1 Period 1 Reading and interaction（分层作业）英语沪教版必修第三册

Unit 1 The media Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. 大众媒体_____________________________ 2. 对……有影响_____________________________ 3. 时事新闻_____________________________ 4. 依赖；依靠_____________________________ 5. 有偏见的报道_____________________________ 6. 信息来源_____________________________ 7. 与……保持联系__________________________ 8. 为……负责_____________________________ 9. 迎合大众口味_____________________________ 10. 揭露真相_____________________________ 【答案】 1. mass media 解析：固定短语，mass 表示“大众的；大规模的”，media 是 medium（媒介）的复数形式，特指报纸、电视、网络等各类传播媒介的总称。 2. have an influence on / have an impact on 解析：两个短语可互换，influence 和 impact 均为名词，后接介词 on 表示作用的对象，日常使用中 have an influence on 更口语化。 3. current affairs news 解析：current affairs 是固定搭配，意为“时事；当前发生的事件”，后接 news 明确指相关新闻内容。 4. depend on / rely on 解析：二者为同义短语，depend on 侧重“依靠他人或事物获得支持”，rely on 语气更强，强调“信任并依赖”。 5. biased reporting 解析：biased 是形容词，意为“有偏见的；倾向性的”，作定语修饰名词 reporting（报道），注意区别于 prejudiced（多指对人有偏见）。 6. source of information / information source 解析：source 表示“来源；出处”，两种表达均正确，前者是名词短语的常用语序，后者更简洁，在书面语中更常见。 7. keep in touch with / stay in contact with 解析：同义短语，keep in touch with 更口语化，stay in contact with 更正式，后均接介词 with 加联系的对象。 8. be responsible for / take responsibility for 解析：be responsible for 中 responsible 是形容词，侧重“对某事负有责任的状态”；take responsibility for 是动词短语，侧重“主动承担责任的动作”。 9. cater to popular tastes / cater for popular tastes 解析：cater to 和 cater for 均可表示“迎合；满足需求”，cater to 多用于美式英语，cater for 多用于英式英语。 10. expose the truth / reveal the truth 解析：expose 强调“揭露隐藏的、不为人知的真相”，带有一定的批判性；reveal 侧重“公开原本保密的信息”，语气相对中性。 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The j______ (新闻记者) was praised for her objective reporting on the event. 2. It is important to distinguish f______ (事实) from opinions when reading news. 3. The newspaper has a large c______ (发行量) across the country. 4. This article a______ (吸引) many readers because of its interesting topic. 5. The e______ (编辑) decided to publish the letter in the next issue. 6. We should be c______ (批判的) about the information we get from social media. 7. The i______ (采访) with the famous singer will be broadcast tonight. 8. The company launched a new c______ (宣传活动) to promote its products. 9. Reporters must r______ (尊重) the privacy of the people they interview. 10. The h______ (标题) of the article caught my attention immediately. 【答案】 1. journalist ◦ 解析：空前有定冠词 The，后接系动词 was，需填可数名词单数；结合“新闻记者”的释义及首字母提示，确定为 journalist。 2. facts ◦ 解析：短语 distinguish sth. from sth. 中需填名词，fact 为可数名词，此处表泛指“各类事实”，故用复数形式 facts。 3. circulation ◦ 解析：形容词 large 后接名词，circulation 为不可数名词，意为“发行量”，符合“报纸在全国发行量高”的语境。 4. attracted ◦ 解析：句子缺谓语动词，结合语境“文章吸引读者”，且描述过去发生的动作，故用 attract 的过去式 attracted。 5. editor ◦ 解析：定冠词 The 后接可数名词单数作主语，editor 意为“编辑”，契合“决定刊登信件”的主语身份。 6. critical ◦ 解析：短语 be critical about 为固定搭配，意为“对……持批判态度”，此处填形容词 critical 作表语。 7. interview ◦ 解析：定冠词 The 后接名词，interview 可作可数名词，意为“采访”，符合“采访将播出”的语境。 8. campaign ◦ 解析：形容词 new 后接可数名词单数，campaign 意为“宣传活动”，与“推广产品”的语境匹配。 9. respect ◦ 解析：情态动词 must 后接动词原形，respect 意为“尊重”，符合“记者需尊重采访对象隐私”的要求。 10. headline ◦ 解析：定冠词 The 后接可数名词单数，headline 意为“标题”，契合“吸引注意力”的语境。 三、单句语法填空。 1. The journalist was accused of ______ (publish) false information to mislead the public. 2. With the development of technology, social media ______ (become) a major way for people to communicate in the past decade. 3. It is the truth that ______ (expose) in the report that has shocked the whole nation. 4. The media plays an important role in ______ (shape) people’s attitudes towards social issues. 5. Only when we treat the information ______ (critical) can we avoid being cheated by fake news. 6. The interview, ______ was conducted by a famous host, received millions of views online. 7. It is high time that we ______ (take) measures to regulate the spread of false information on the Internet. 8. Many citizens expressed their ______ (concern) about the negative effects of excessive screen time on teenagers. 9. ______ (compare) with traditional media, digital media has a faster speed of information transmission. 10. The government demands that all the media ______ (operate) within the boundaries of the law. 【答案】 1. publishing 解析：介词 of 后接动词时，需用动名词形式，构成介宾结构，因此填 publishing。 2. has become 解析：时间状语 in the past decade（在过去十年间）是现在完成时的标志，主语 social media 为单数概念，故用 has become。 3. was exposed 解析：这是 it is...that... 强调句型，被强调部分是主语 the truth，主语和 expose 之间是被动关系，且动作已发生，故用一般过去时的被动语态 was exposed。 4. shaping 解析：固定搭配 play a role in doing sth.（在做某事方面起作用），in 为介词，后接动名词 shaping。 5. critically 解析：此处需用副词修饰动词 treat，critical 的副词形式是 critically，意为“批判性地”。 6. which 解析：这是非限制性定语从句，先行词是 the interview，指物，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词 which 引导。 7. took/should take 解析：固定句型 it is high time that...（是时候做某事了），从句中的谓语动词需用一般过去时，或 should + 动词原形（should 不可省略），因此填 took 或 should take。 8. concerns 解析：形容词性物主代词 their 后接名词，concern 表示“担忧的事”时是可数名词，结合语境用复数形式 concerns。 9. Compared 解析：固定结构 compared with（与……相比），在句中作状语，需用过去分词形式，注意首字母大写。 10. (should) operate 解析：动词 demand（要求）后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，结构为 (should) + 动词原形，should 可以省略，因此填 (should) operate。 四、句子翻译 1. 媒体在引导公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。(play a role in) 2. 这份报纸因发布虚假新闻而受到了批评。(be criticised for) 3. 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人依赖社交媒体获取信息。(depend on) 4. 记者应该坚守客观公正的原则来报道新闻。(stick to) 5. 网上的信息并非总是可靠的，我们需要仔细辨别。(reliable) 6. 这家电视台的新闻节目覆盖了国内外的重大事件。(cover) 7. 为了吸引读者，一些杂志经常刊登名人的八卦新闻。(attract) 8. 媒体的影响力如此之大，以至于它能改变人们的看法。(so...that...) 9. 我们应该学会理性地看待媒体上的各类报道。(view rationally) 10. 社交媒体的兴起极大地改变了人们交流和分享信息的方式。(the rise of) 【答案】 1. The media plays an important role in guiding public opinion. 2. This newspaper was criticised for publishing false news. 3. With the development of technology, more and more people depend on social media to get information. 4. Journalists should stick to the principle of objectivity and fairness to report news. 5. The information on the Internet is not always reliable, so we need to distinguish it carefully. 6. The news program of this TV station covers major events at home and abroad. 7. To attract readers, some magazines often publish gossip about celebrities. 8. The influence of the media is so great that it can change people's opinions. 9. We should learn to view various reports on the media rationally. 10. The rise of social media has greatly changed the way people communicate and share information. 1. 核心考点：固定搭配 play a role in（在……中发挥作用），注意 media 是集合名词，作主语时谓语动词可用单数形式；public opinion 表示“公众舆论”。 2. 核心考点：被动语态 be criticised for（因……而被批评），介词 for 后接动名词形式；false news 意为“虚假新闻”。 3. 核心考点：固定短语 depend on（依赖；依靠），with the development of...（随着……的发展）是常用状语结构；动词不定式 to get information 作目的状语。 4. 核心考点：动词短语 stick to（坚守；坚持），后接名词或名词短语；objectivity and fairness 表示“客观公正”，to report news 作目的状语。 5. 核心考点：形容词 reliable（可靠的），前加否定词 not always 表示“并非总是”；后半句用 so 连接表因果关系，distinguish 意为“辨别；区分”。 6. 核心考点：动词 cover（报道；覆盖）的用法，at home and abroad 是固定搭配，意为“国内外”。 7. 核心考点：动词不定式 to attract readers 作目的状语；gossip about celebrities 表示“名人的八卦新闻”，publish 意为“刊登；发表”。 8. 核心考点：结果状语从句 so...that...（如此……以至于……），so 后接形容词或副词；influence 表示“影响力”，为不可数名词。 9. 核心考点：动词短语 learn to do sth（学会做某事），副词 rationally（理性地）修饰动词 view；various reports 表示“各类报道”。 10. 核心考点：名词短语 the rise of（……的兴起）作主语，谓语动词用单数；the way people communicate... 中，people communicate and share information 是定语从句，修饰先行词 the way。 五、语法填空 The media is one of the most powerful forces in modern society. It shapes people’s opinions and 1. ______ (influence) how they see the world. However, not all media content 2. ______ (be) reliable. Some reports may be biased or even false, 3. ______ can mislead the public. Journalists play a key role in the media. They are supposed 4. ______ (gather) and report news truthfully. But sometimes, they face pressure from different groups, which makes 5. ______ hard for them to do their jobs properly. In addition, with the development of the Internet, social media 6. ______ (become) a major source of information in recent years. People can share news instantly, but this also means that false information spreads 7. ______ (rapid) than ever before. It is important for us to think critically about 8. ______ we read or watch. We should not believe everything at face value. Instead, we should check facts from multiple sources before 9. ______ (form) an opinion. By doing so, we can avoid 10. ______ (be) fooled by false news and make wise decisions. 【答案】 1. influences 2. is 3. which 4. to gather 5. it 6. has become 7. more rapidly 8. what 9. forming 10. being 1. influences 解析：句子主语为 the media（此处表单数概念，意为“媒体行业”），and 连接并列谓语，前半句用一般现在时 shapes，故此处用动词第三人称单数形式 influences。 2. is 解析：主语 all media content 中 content 为不可数名词，谓语动词用单数；全文为一般现在时，故填 is。 3. which 解析：引导非限制性定语从句，指代前文“有些报道可能有偏见甚至虚假”这件事，在从句中作主语，故用关系代词 which。 4. to gather 解析：固定搭配 be supposed to do sth. 意为“应该做某事”，故填动词不定式 to gather。 5. it 解析：make it + adj. + for sb. to do sth. 为固定句型，it 作形式宾语，真正宾语是后面的不定式短语，故填 it。 6. has become 解析：时间状语 in recent years 是现在完成时的标志，主语 social media 表单数概念，故填 has become。 7. more rapidly 解析：根据句中 than 可知此处用比较级；修饰动词 spreads 需用副词，rapid 的副词形式是 rapidly，比较级为 more rapidly。 8. what 解析：引导宾语从句，作介词 about 的宾语，从句中 read or watch 缺少宾语，故用连接代词 what。 9. forming 解析：介词 before 后接动词时，需用动名词形式，故填 forming。 10. being 解析：固定搭配 avoid doing sth. 意为“避免做某事”，故填动名词 being。 六、阅读理解 （上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试）Trees are magicians with carbon, pulling it out of the air at remarkable rates to store it in their bodies. They are so good at removing this greenhouse gas that “planting trees” is often synonymous with doing environmental good. And lots of people are planting trees. The number of tree-planting organizations has grown by almost 300 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2021 paper in the journal Biological Conservation. But while tree planting can capture a great amount of carbon, it is hardly a silver bullet for the climate crisis — express estimate that even if we maximized our available lands for trees, this alone would not be enough to counteract carbon emissions caused by humans. Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity. The minority of tree plantations are set up with carbon capture solely, or even primarily in mind, says Jacob Bukoski, a forestry scientist at Oregon State University. Most trees are planted with the goal of harvesting timber or wood pulp (木浆) for paper. Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture. In forestry, there’s a saying that you have to plant “the right tree in the right place, for the right reason.” But when many tree plantations are established for commercial purposes, the tree that is planted is often not the “right” tree, says Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, an ecologist at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging. When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this “resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants,” Aguirre-Gutiérrez and his co-authors write in the new paper. Aguirre-Gutiérrez doesn’t want to discourage people from growing more trees, he says. Rather, we need a better way to protect the natural ecosystems and species there, like encouraging the restoration of native forest tree species. Local plants will be “better adapted to the conditions” in these environments, he says, which means they, and nearby species, are more likely to thrive. “If we go in that direction, that will bring us the added value of capturing carbon, but also this sustainability.” 1．Experts are concerned about tree plantation to reduce greenhouse partly because ______. A．the number of tree-planting organizations is growing too fast. B．the speed of tree planting falls far behind that of carbon emission. C．the selection of species in tree planting can harm local biodiversity. D．the land available to plant trees is not fully explored and developed. 2．In paragraph 4, “the right reason” refers to ______. A．mass plantation of carbon-absorbing trees B．biodiversity preservation with local species C．harvest of timber or wood pulp for paper D．tree plantation for commercial purposes 3．Why does the author mention “Brazilian savannah” in paragraph 5? A．To show the benefits of planting trees in tropical areas B．To illustrate the vastness and eco-diversity of tropical areas C．To highlight the negative impact of planting trees in tropical areas D．To discourage people from randomly planting trees in tropical areas 4．Which of the following statements will Aguirre-Gutiérrez most likely approve of? A．People and organizations should plant as many trees as they can to capture carbon. B．Plants in tropical areas can thrive better due to its vast land and agreeable climate. C．Preserving biodiversity plays a more sustainable role than capturing carbon only. D．Tree plantation organizations are irresponsible and focus only on making profits. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。专家们对植树造林减少温室效应表示担忧，因为即使我们最大限度地利用我们的可用土地种植树木，单凭这一点也不足以抵消人类造成的碳排放。此外，许多种植园在单一栽培中种植相同的几种物种，这可能会损害当地的生物多样性。文章对此进行了介绍。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity.(此外，许多种植园在单一栽培中种植相同的几种物种，这可能会损害当地的生物多样性。)”可知，专家们对植树造林减少温室效应表示担忧的部分原因是植树造林的物种选择会损害当地的生物多样性。故选C。 2．词句猜测题。根据第三段最后一句“Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture.(2021年那篇论文的作者还指出，植树组织更有可能出于商业原因建立种植园，而不是为了生物多样性或碳捕获。)”可知，the right reason是指“保护本地物种的生物多样性”。故选B。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段前三句“In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging.(在最近发表在《生态与进化趋势》杂志上的一篇论文中，Aguirre-Gutiérrez和他的同事认为，专注于通过自然过程去除碳的目标会导致组织忽视恢复平衡生态系统的重要性。其结果是，这些树木既不能支持当地生物，也不能像本地植物那样促进生物多样性。在热带地区，这些问题值得特别注意，因为那里土地辽阔，温度稳定、湿度高的条件促进了树木的生长，而在植树时忽视这些问题是有害的。)”可知，作者在第5段提到巴西大草原是为了劝阻人们不要在热带地区随意植树。故选D。 4．推理判断题。根据第五段第一句“In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems.(在最近发表在《生态与进化趋势》杂志上的一篇论文中，Aguirre-Gutiérrez和他的同事认为，专注于通过自然过程去除碳的目标会导致组织忽视恢复平衡生态系统的重要性。)”可知，Aguirre-Gutiérrez最有可能认同“保护生物多样性比仅仅捕获碳具有更可持续的作用”的观点。故选C。 七、六选四 （22-23高一下·上海奉贤·期末）Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 1 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 2 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 3 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 4 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．A 4．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了盲目模仿的危害以及如何树立榜样。 1．根据上文“When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes.(当我第一次学习烹饪时，我用食谱做出一些美味的菜肴)”以及后文“Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own?(当我可以创造自己的烹饪方式时，为什么要遵循别人的烹饪方式呢？)”可知，本句与上文构成转折，指出作者不想再模仿别人了，故E选项“但很快我就厌倦了”符合语境，故选E。 2．根据本段内容“If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.(当你还是个孩子的时候，如果你观察过那些生活糟糕的人，你可能会把他们的恐惧和痛苦当作正常的事情来接受，然后跟随他们的脚步。如果你不为自己做出强有力的选择，你就会得到别人软弱选择的结果)”可知，后文的例子表明不好的榜样，会带来负面的影响，故B选项“在日常生活中，如果我们下意识地树立了不好的榜样，模仿就会伤害我们”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据上文“In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous.(在娱乐领域，我们的文化颂扬名人。那些明星在银幕上看起来很棒。但当他们走出银幕，他们的个人生活可能是灾难性的)”可知，上文提到了明星在银幕上看着光鲜，实际上个人生活很糟糕，说明树立榜样不能仅凭外在，要多关注内在，故A选项“如果你要跟随某人，关注他们的才能，而不是他们的坏性格或不可接受的行为”符合语境，故选A。 4．根据上文“Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.(有福的人，是愿意按照自己突然产生的创造独特事物的愿望去行动的人。想想那些对你影响最深的电影、书籍、老师和朋友。他们打动了你，因为他们的创作是出于灵感，而不是绝望。改变世界的不是那些按照前人的做法行事的人，而是那些按照自己内心的想法行事的人)”以及后文“The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.(创作者面临的问题不是素材不足，是如何处理敲开想象之门的材料)”可知，上文提到了按照自己内心想法做事，后文则提到了想象，故本句是在说明有创造力的人想法很多，故C选项“有创造力的人有无穷无尽的想法”符合语境，故选C。 八、完形填空 （上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）The Schools That Are Bringing Poor Kids... A college degree is, in most cases, the key to more money and a more comfortable standard of living. But that pathway to higher earnings is more 1 to some than others: A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not 2 very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes. 3 , though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to 4 at scale. Dozens of top colleges and universities have more students from the top 1 percent of the income scale than the 5 60 percent. And that’s a problem if colleges hope to escape the common 6 that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英). But there are institutions — a lot of them — that have strong track records of 7 the socioeconomic fortunes of students. If higher education is supposed to be the great equalizer (平衡器), these institutions — from community colleges to public regional four-year colleges — are the ones that are doing the most work. Colleges should be 8 recruiting and enrolling low-income students — and that means more than targeting ads to 9 students on social media. It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college. Then they should be supporting students with 10 when the students get to campus — whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves. And it is also preparing students for jobs after college and building relationships with businesses that 11 the process of finding post-graduation employment for students, especially for those whose parents don’t have their own professional 12 . Pace ranks first among private colleges in motivating its students from the lowest levels of the income scale and into the middle and upper class. There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) 13 their college years or having unpaid internships (实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs. But colleges can fill those 14 , particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies. We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff as well to help a new generation, a new, socioeconomically 15 generation, achieve the American dream. 1．A．important B．necessary C．available D．realistic 2．A．evaluating B．urging C．refusing D．promoting 3．A．However B．What’s more C．In contrast D．On the whole 4．A．implement B．replace C．overcome D．track 5．A．minimum B．bottom C．fixed D．estimated 6．A．criticism B．comment C．practice D．goal 7．A．worsening B．claiming C．improving D．denying 8．A．directly B．strictly C．actively D．cautiously 9．A．urban B．native C．suburban D．prospective 10．A．resources B．coaches C．skills D．funds 11．A．push B．ease C．slow D．affect 12．A．trainings B．careers C．standards D．networks 13．A．benefit from B．invest in C．fit into D．advance through 14．A．vacancies B．gaps C．bottoms D．blanks 15．A．competitive B．responsible C．diverse D．dynamic 【答案】 1．C 2．D 3．B 4．A 5．B 6．A 7．C 8．C 9．D 10．A 11．B 12．D 13．A 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要阐述大学应该为贫困学生实现阶级跨越所能够提供的帮助。 1．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但这条通往更高收入的途径对一些人来说比其他人更容易获得。A. important重要的；B. necessary有必要的；C. available可用的，可获得的；D. realistic现实的。根据“A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students”可知，许多顶尖大学不招收很多低收入学生，所以收入较高家庭的学生比低收入家庭的孩子更容易走大学这条路，也就是这条途径对一些人来说比另一些人更容易获得。故选C。 2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多顶尖大学没有招收很多低收入学生，因此，他们没有将很多低收入家庭的学生提拔到中上层阶级。A. evaluating评估；B. urging敦促；C. refusing拒绝；D. promoting促进，提升。根据句中的“from low-income households into the middle and upper classes”可知，许多顶尖大学没有招进太多贫困学生，所以没有将太多贫困学生提升到中上层阶级。故选D。 3．考查副词和短语辨析。句意：而且，尽管通常会提到招收和留住低收入学生的策略，但这些策略很难大规模实施。A. However然而；B. What’s more而且；C. In contrast相比之下；D. On the whole总的来说。前文“A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not ___2___ very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes.”讲述了顶尖大学招收的贫困学生不多，没有帮助太多贫困学生实现阶层提升，这里“though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to ___4___ at scale”承接上文，继续阐述了太多贫困学生难以获得大学学位提升到中上层阶级的原因——难以大范围实施贫困生助学政策。故选B。 4．考查动词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. implement执行，实施；B. replace代替；C. overcome克服；D. track追踪。根据上文“though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned”以及空后的“at scale”可知，这里指招收和保护低收入学生的政策难以大范围实施。故选A。 5．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：数十所顶尖学院和大学中，收入排名前1%的学生比收入排名后60%的学生多。A. minimum最低的，最小的；B. bottom底部的，最后的；C. fixed固定的；D. estimated估计的。这里和“the top 1 percent of the income scale”对应，指的是底层收入60%的学生。故选B。 6．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果大学希望摆脱公众的批评，即它们只不过是精英的精修学校，那么这就是一个问题。A. criticism批评；B. comment评论；C. practice练习；D. goal目标。根据空后的“that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英)”可知，这里指公众的批评。故选A。 7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但也有一些大学机构——其中很多——在改善学生的社会经济状况方面有着良好的记录。A. worsening恶化；B. claiming声称；C. improving提高，改善；D. denying否认。But表示转折，上文“the common ___6___ that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英)”提到人们批评大学是精英的精修学校，结合空前“But there are institutions”可知此处与上文构成转折关系，说明有许多大学帮助改善学生的社会经济状况。故选C。 8．考查副词词义辨析。句意：大学应该积极招收低收入学生，这意味着不仅仅是在社交媒体上向潜在学生投放广告。A. directly直接地；B. strictly严厉地；C. actively积极地；D. cautiously好奇地。根据下文“that means more than targeting ads to ___9____ students on social media.”以及“It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college.(这意味着要致力于去他们所在的地方——许多学校通常不招聘的地方——并宣传上大学的过程。)”可知，此处指大学应该积极招收贫困生。故选C。 9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. urban城市的；B. native本地的；C. suburban郊区的；D. prospective可能的，潜在的。根据空前“targeting ads”以及句中的“Colleges should be ___8___ recruiting and enrolling low-income students”可知，此处指面向有可能上大学的潜在学生投放广告。故选D。 10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后，当学生到达校园时，他们应该为学生提供资源支持——无论是写作中心、慷慨的助学金，还是可能来自低收入背景的富有同情心的学术顾问。A. resources资源；B. coaches教练；C. skills技巧；D. funds基金。根据破折号后的“whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves”可知，写作中心、助学金、学术顾问这些都是学校可以给贫困生提供的资源。故选A。 11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：让学生为大学毕业后找工作做好准备，并与企业建立关系，还为学生，特别是那些父母没有自己的专业关系网的学生，简化了毕业求职过程。A. push推动；B. ease减轻，使容易些；C. slow减速；D. affect影响。根据空后的“the process of finding post-graduation employment for students”可知，这里表示学校帮助学生为就业做好准备并和企业建立联系，有助于简化学生的求职过程，使就业过程变更容易。故选B。 12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：参考上题。A. trainings训练；B. careers职业；C. standards标准；D. networks关系网。根据句中的“building relationships with businesses”和下文中的“We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff”可知，这里指专业关系网。故选D。 13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：享有特权的人从大学生活、无薪实习或者有获得某些工作的社会资本中受益的方式有很多。A. benefit from从……受益；B. invest in投资于；C. fit into适合，融入；D. advance through通过……前进。根据空后的“their college years or having unpaid internships(实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs”可知，有特权的学生可以从大学生活、无薪实习、获得某些工作的社会资本中受益。故选A。 14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但大学可以填补这些差距，特别是对低收入学生来说，帮助学生找到工作，或者通过帮助他们在顶级公司获得带薪实习的项目来维持他们的生活。A. vacancies(职位的)空缺；B. gaps差距；C. bottoms底部；D. blanks空白处。上文“There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) ___13___ their college years or having unpaid internships(实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs.”讲有特权的学生有许多可以受益的方式，结合句中的“helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies”可知，学校通过给贫困学生提供帮助，可以填补特权学生和贫困学生之间的差距。故选B。 15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们也可以通过教职员工提供强大的网络，帮助新一代、新一代社会经济多元化的人实现美国梦。A. competitive竞争的；B. responsible负责的；C. diverse各种的，不同的；D. dynamic动态的。根据上文“But colleges can fill those ___14____, particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies.”、空前的“a new, socioeconomically”并结合全文可知，此处指大学应通过多种措施让更多低收入家庭学生能够接受大学教育，从而找到工作，帮助新的、社会经济多元化的年轻一代实现美国梦。故选C。 $ Unit 1 The media Period 1 Reading and interaction分层练习 基础达标 01 能力提升 02 拓展培优 03 一、将下列短语翻译为英文。 1. 大众媒体_____________________________ 2. 对……有影响_____________________________ 3. 时事新闻_____________________________ 4. 依赖；依靠_____________________________ 5. 有偏见的报道_____________________________ 6. 信息来源_____________________________ 7. 与……保持联系__________________________ 8. 为……负责_____________________________ 9. 迎合大众口味_____________________________ 10. 揭露真相_____________________________ 二、根据句意及汉语提示写出单词。 1. The j______ (新闻记者) was praised for her objective reporting on the event. 2. It is important to distinguish f______ (事实) from opinions when reading news. 3. The newspaper has a large c______ (发行量) across the country. 4. This article a______ (吸引) many readers because of its interesting topic. 5. The e______ (编辑) decided to publish the letter in the next issue. 6. We should be c______ (批判的) about the information we get from social media. 7. The i______ (采访) with the famous singer will be broadcast tonight. 8. The company launched a new c______ (宣传活动) to promote its products. 9. Reporters must r______ (尊重) the privacy of the people they interview. 10. The h______ (标题) of the article caught my attention immediately. 三、单句语法填空。 1. The journalist was accused of ______ (publish) false information to mislead the public. 2. With the development of technology, social media ______ (become) a major way for people to communicate in the past decade. 3. It is the truth that ______ (expose) in the report that has shocked the whole nation. 4. The media plays an important role in ______ (shape) people’s attitudes towards social issues. 5. Only when we treat the information ______ (critical) can we avoid being cheated by fake news. 6. The interview, ______ was conducted by a famous host, received millions of views online. 7. It is high time that we ______ (take) measures to regulate the spread of false information on the Internet. 8. Many citizens expressed their ______ (concern) about the negative effects of excessive screen time on teenagers. 9. ______ (compare) with traditional media, digital media has a faster speed of information transmission. 10. The government demands that all the media ______ (operate) within the boundaries of the law. 四、句子翻译 1. 媒体在引导公众舆论方面发挥着重要作用。(play a role in) 2. 这份报纸因发布虚假新闻而受到了批评。(be criticised for) 3. 随着科技的发展，越来越多的人依赖社交媒体获取信息。(depend on) 4. 记者应该坚守客观公正的原则来报道新闻。(stick to) 5. 网上的信息并非总是可靠的，我们需要仔细辨别。(reliable) 6. 这家电视台的新闻节目覆盖了国内外的重大事件。(cover) 7. 为了吸引读者，一些杂志经常刊登名人的八卦新闻。(attract) 8. 媒体的影响力如此之大，以至于它能改变人们的看法。(so...that...) 9. 我们应该学会理性地看待媒体上的各类报道。(view rationally) 10. 社交媒体的兴起极大地改变了人们交流和分享信息的方式。(the rise of) 五、语法填空 The media is one of the most powerful forces in modern society. It shapes people’s opinions and 1. ______ (influence) how they see the world. However, not all media content 2. ______ (be) reliable. Some reports may be biased or even false, 3. ______ can mislead the public. Journalists play a key role in the media. They are supposed 4. ______ (gather) and report news truthfully. But sometimes, they face pressure from different groups, which makes 5. ______ hard for them to do their jobs properly. In addition, with the development of the Internet, social media 6. ______ (become) a major source of information in recent years. People can share news instantly, but this also means that false information spreads 7. ______ (rapid) than ever before. It is important for us to think critically about 8. ______ we read or watch. We should not believe everything at face value. Instead, we should check facts from multiple sources before 9. ______ (form) an opinion. By doing so, we can avoid 10. ______ (be) fooled by false news and make wise decisions. 六、阅读理解 （上海复旦大学附属中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试）Trees are magicians with carbon, pulling it out of the air at remarkable rates to store it in their bodies. They are so good at removing this greenhouse gas that “planting trees” is often synonymous with doing environmental good. And lots of people are planting trees. The number of tree-planting organizations has grown by almost 300 percent in the past 30 years, according to a 2021 paper in the journal Biological Conservation. But while tree planting can capture a great amount of carbon, it is hardly a silver bullet for the climate crisis — express estimate that even if we maximized our available lands for trees, this alone would not be enough to counteract carbon emissions caused by humans. Plus, many plantations grow the same few species in monocultures, which can hurt local biodiversity. The minority of tree plantations are set up with carbon capture solely, or even primarily in mind, says Jacob Bukoski, a forestry scientist at Oregon State University. Most trees are planted with the goal of harvesting timber or wood pulp (木浆) for paper. Tree-planting organizations are more likely to create plantations for commercial reasons, the authors of the 2021 paper also note, rather than for biodiversity or carbon capture. In forestry, there’s a saying that you have to plant “the right tree in the right place, for the right reason.” But when many tree plantations are established for commercial purposes, the tree that is planted is often not the “right” tree, says Jesús Aguirre-Gutiérrez, an ecologist at the Environmental Change Institute at the University of Oxford. In a paper published recently in the journal Trends in Ecology & Evolution, Aguirre-Gutiérrez and colleagues argue that focusing on the goal of carbon removal by natural process causes organizations to ignore the importance of restoring balanced ecosystems. The result is a collection of trees that do not support local organisms or promote biodiversity in the way native plant species would have. These problems deserve particular notice in tropical areas where land is vast, and conditions such as stable temperatures and high humidity promote tree growth, as ignoring them while planting trees is damaging. When plantations increased the woody cover of the Brazilian savannah by 40 percent, this “resulted in an about 30 percent reduction in the diversity of plants and ants,” Aguirre-Gutiérrez and his co-authors write in the new paper. Aguirre-Gutiérrez doesn’t want to discourage people from growing more trees, he says. Rather, we need a better way to protect the natural ecosystems and species there, like encouraging the restoration of native forest tree species. Local plants will be “better adapted to the conditions” in these environments, he says, which means they, and nearby species, are more likely to thrive. “If we go in that direction, that will bring us the added value of capturing carbon, but also this sustainability.” 1．Experts are concerned about tree plantation to reduce greenhouse partly because ______. A．the number of tree-planting organizations is growing too fast. B．the speed of tree planting falls far behind that of carbon emission. C．the selection of species in tree planting can harm local biodiversity. D．the land available to plant trees is not fully explored and developed. 2．In paragraph 4, “the right reason” refers to ______. A．mass plantation of carbon-absorbing trees B．biodiversity preservation with local species C．harvest of timber or wood pulp for paper D．tree plantation for commercial purposes 3．Why does the author mention “Brazilian savannah” in paragraph 5? A．To show the benefits of planting trees in tropical areas B．To illustrate the vastness and eco-diversity of tropical areas C．To highlight the negative impact of planting trees in tropical areas D．To discourage people from randomly planting trees in tropical areas 4．Which of the following statements will Aguirre-Gutiérrez most likely approve of? A．People and organizations should plant as many trees as they can to capture carbon. B．Plants in tropical areas can thrive better due to its vast land and agreeable climate. C．Preserving biodiversity plays a more sustainable role than capturing carbon only. D．Tree plantation organizations are irresponsible and focus only on making profits. 七、六选四 （22-23高一下·上海奉贤·期末）Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable. In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. 1 Why follow someone else’s way of cooking when I could create my own? Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them. 2 If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others. In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. 3 Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. 4 The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination. A．If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character or unacceptable behaviors. B．In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models. C．Creative people have an endless resource of ideas. D．I was very proud of myself. E．But soon I grew bored. F．Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve. 八、完形填空 （上海市格致中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中）The Schools That Are Bringing Poor Kids... A college degree is, in most cases, the key to more money and a more comfortable standard of living. But that pathway to higher earnings is more 1 to some than others: A lot of leading colleges do not enroll a lot of low-income students, and as a result, they’re not 2 very many students from low-income households into the middle and upper classes. 3 , though strategies for enrolling and preserving low-income students are usually mentioned, they can be tough to 4 at scale. Dozens of top colleges and universities have more students from the top 1 percent of the income scale than the 5 60 percent. And that’s a problem if colleges hope to escape the common 6 that they are little more than a finishing school for the elite (精英). But there are institutions — a lot of them — that have strong track records of 7 the socioeconomic fortunes of students. If higher education is supposed to be the great equalizer (平衡器), these institutions — from community colleges to public regional four-year colleges — are the ones that are doing the most work. Colleges should be 8 recruiting and enrolling low-income students — and that means more than targeting ads to 9 students on social media. It means a commitment to going where they are — areas that a lot of schools do not typically recruit — and publicize the process of going to college. Then they should be supporting students with 10 when the students get to campus — whether it’s writing centers, generous financial aid packages, or simply sympathetic academic advisors who perhaps came from low-income backgrounds themselves. And it is also preparing students for jobs after college and building relationships with businesses that 11 the process of finding post-graduation employment for students, especially for those whose parents don’t have their own professional 12 . Pace ranks first among private colleges in motivating its students from the lowest levels of the income scale and into the middle and upper class. There are a lot of ways in which people of privilege (特权) 13 their college years or having unpaid internships (实习) or having the social capital to get certain jobs. But colleges can fill those 14 , particularly for low-income students, helping students get jobs, or sustaining them with programs that help them land paid internships with top companies. We can provide strong networks through faculty and staff as well to help a new generation, a new, socioeconomically 15 generation, achieve the American dream. 1．A．important B．necessary C．available D．realistic 2．A．evaluating B．urging C．refusing D．promoting 3．A．However B．What’s more C．In contrast D．On the whole 4．A．implement B．replace C．overcome D．track 5．A．minimum B．bottom C．fixed D．estimated 6．A．criticism B．comment C．practice D．goal 7．A．worsening B．claiming C．improving D．denying 8．A．directly B．strictly C．actively D．cautiously 9．A．urban B．native C．suburban D．prospective 10．A．resources B．coaches C．skills D．funds 11．A．push B．ease C．slow D．affect 12．A．trainings B．careers C．standards D．networks 13．A．benefit from B．invest in C．fit into D．advance through 14．A．vacancies B．gaps C．bottoms D．blanks 15．A．competitive B．responsible C．diverse D．dynamic 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $